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WO2018215071A1 - Système de stockage d'énergie - Google Patents

Système de stockage d'énergie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018215071A1
WO2018215071A1 PCT/EP2017/062699 EP2017062699W WO2018215071A1 WO 2018215071 A1 WO2018215071 A1 WO 2018215071A1 EP 2017062699 W EP2017062699 W EP 2017062699W WO 2018215071 A1 WO2018215071 A1 WO 2018215071A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ess
series
grid
energy storage
power
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Ceased
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PCT/EP2017/062699
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English (en)
Inventor
Nicklas Johansson
Tomas Tengner
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ABB Schweiz AG
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ABB Schweiz AG
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Priority to PCT/EP2017/062699 priority Critical patent/WO2018215071A1/fr
Publication of WO2018215071A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018215071A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for providing an energy storage for an electrical power grid, an energy storage system, and a series energy storage system thereof.
  • wind turbines are required to be equipped with an inertial response scheme which acts if the frequency ventures outside of an allowed range.
  • Such schemes use the rotational energy of the wind turbine to temporarily output more or less power (depending on the direction of the frequency change) to improve the frequency stability of the grid. It should be noticed that the rotational speed of the wind turbines will need to be restored after such an event. This would lead to a power output variation in the other direction after a number of seconds.
  • Another way for the TSO to ensure a sufficient amount of inertia in an electrical power grid is to install synchronous condensers which provide inertia in the same way as regular synchronous machines do. However synchronous condensers are bulky and have relatively high idling losses.
  • energy storage units like battery energy storage units can be deployed to provide synthetic inertia/ fast frequency control and more long- term AC frequency control. This is a small but growing application.
  • WO2013170899 describes a battery energy storage arranged to be connected to a capacitor link, which is connected in parallel to a power converter.
  • An object of the present invention is to enable improved inertia/fast frequency control and long-term frequency control for an electrical power grid.
  • a method for providing an energy storage to an electrical power grid comprises connecting an energy storage system, ESS, in series with a transmission line of an electrical power grid, or in series with a shunt unit connected to the transmission line, the energy storage comprising an energy source connected to the transmission line or the shunt unit via an H-bridge connection, measuring an AC grid frequency in the electrical power grid, discharging the ESS when the measured AC grid frequency drops a predetermined magnitude from a normal condition, and charging the ESS when the measured grid frequency is back to normal condition.
  • the total energy stored of the presented ESS can be used in the electrical power grid, since it is connected in series. Also, no transformer or DC/DC converter is required to connect the ESS to the electrical power grid. Further, thyristors can be used instead of e.g. IGBTs in the energy storages for the electrical power grids.
  • the method may further comprise bypassing the ESS when neither discharging nor charging is required.
  • Each leg of the H-bridge connection may comprise a power conductor switch with anti-parallel diodes, to charge/discharge the ESS.
  • Each power conductor switch may be a thyristor, an IGBT or a GTO.
  • the discharging may be maximized by closing tandem leg switches of the power conductor switches shortly after a current zero crossing of a current in the transmission line.
  • the discharging may be slowed by closing tandem leg switches of the power conductor switches delayed after a current zero crossing in the transmission line.
  • the charging may be maximized by opening all leg switches of the power conductor switches.
  • the energy source may comprise one or more batteries, one or more supercapacitor, a combination of batteries and supercapacitors, or a combination of batteries, supercapacitors and normal capacitors.
  • the ESS may comprise an energy storage connected in series, via an H-bridge connection, in each transmission line of a multi phase electrical power grid.
  • the method may further comprise connecting one or more further ESS in series with the ESS.
  • a series ESS comprises an energy source having a positive connection point and a negative connection point, wherein the energy source has an energy time constant T of at least 200 ms, preferably at least 500 ms, and a power conductor switch connected to the positive or negative connection point of the energy source, wherein the power conductor is configured to vary the DC voltage level of the energy source.
  • the time constant T may be the energy stored in the energy storage divided with the maximum power rating of the ESS.
  • the series ESS may further comprise a first power conductor switch connected between a first connection point of the series ESS and the negative connection point, second power conductor switch connected between the positive connection point and the first connection point, a third power conductor switch connected between a second connection point of the series ESS and the negative connection point, and a fourth power conductor switch connected between the positive connection point and the second connection point, wherein the series ESS thereby connects the energy source between the first and second connection points via an H-bridge, to provide active power between the first and second connection points.
  • the energy storage may be configured to vary the DC voltage level from 0.65 to 1.0 p.u., preferably from about o to about 1 p.u.
  • Each power conductor switch may comprise a thyristor and an antiparallel diode, an IGBT and an antiparallel diode, or a GTO and an antiparallel diode.
  • the energy source may be a battery, a supercapacitor, or a combination of energy storage and normal capacitor.
  • the series ESS may comprise one or more further ESS in series with the ESS.
  • a series ESS for providing an energy storage to an electrical power grid.
  • the ESS comprises an energy source arranged to be connected, via an H-bridge, to a transmission line of an electrical power grid, at least four power conductor switches, with anti- parallel diodes, wherein each power conductor switch is connected to the energy source and the transmission line to form the H-bridge of the ESS, the ESS being configured to measure an AC grid frequency in the electrical power grid and to discharge the ESS when the measured grid frequency drops a predetermined magnitude, and to charge the ESS when the measured grid frequency increases a predetermined magnitude.
  • Charging of the ESS may be used to mitigate a non-desired effect when the grid frequency goes higher than a nominal value, higher then by a
  • the ESS may further comprise a controllable generator, SVC, STATCOM, tap-changer of a transformer, or high-voltage, direct current (HVDC) system, wherein the ESS and the generator, SVC, STATCOM, tap-changer of a transformer, or HVDC system are controlled coordinated.
  • a controllable generator SVC, STATCOM, tap-changer of a transformer, or high-voltage, direct current (HVDC) system
  • HVDC direct current
  • Fig. l schematically illustrates a series energy storage system (ESS) according to an embodiment
  • Fig. 2 schematically illustrates SSSC operation vs one embodiment of series ESS operation
  • Fig. 3 shows a diagram schematically illustrating required ESS mean power
  • Fig. 4 shows two diagrams schematically illustrating active power output
  • FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a test ESS
  • Figs. 6 and 7 show diagrams schematically illustrating discharge of ESS for case A
  • Figs. 8 and 9 show diagrams schematically illustrating discharge of ESS for case B;
  • Figs. 10 and 11 show diagrams schematically illustrating discharge of ESS for case C
  • Figs. 12 and 13 show diagrams schematically illustrating discharge of ESS for case D
  • Figs. 10 and 11 show diagrams schematically illustrating discharge of ESS for case C
  • Figs. 12 and 13 show diagrams schematically illustrating discharge of ESS for case D
  • Figs. 10 and 11 show diagrams schematically illustrating discharge of ESS for case C
  • Figs. 12 and 13 show diagrams schematically illustrating discharge of ESS for case D
  • Figs. 14-18 schematically illustrate embodiments of implementations of series ESS (SESS).
  • Fig. 1 illustrates one phase of an H-bridge converter circuit connecting an energy storage 5 in series with an AC transmission line 6.
  • Each leg of the H-bridge has a power conductor switch and an antiparallel diode, 1-4, to connect the energy storage 5 to the transmission line 6.
  • the energy storage unit 5 is in the Fig. 1 shown as a supercapacitor but this may alternatively be a battery such as an electrochemical battery.
  • the energy storage unit may further include a normal (non-storage) high voltage capacitor for filtering purposes.
  • the illustrated configuration of a series ESS has some similarity in structure to a Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC), which may be constructed with a cascaded H-bridge topology, but the basic operation is different, which is illustrated in Fig. 2.
  • SSSC Static Synchronous Series Compensator
  • the use of thyristors as power conductor switches, instead of the IGBTs used in normal chain-link SSSC configuration, is also presented.
  • the thyristors may fundamentally be switched shortly after a line current zero crossing and this mode of operation is herein called basic operation.
  • the ESS may be used to interchange active and reactive power with the grid. This is done by injecting a square-wave voltage in series with the grid AC voltage by proper switching of the thyristors when the thyristors are blocked, and the ESS will be fully charged thorough the diode in the H-bridge configuration.
  • the controllability may also be used to e.g. shift the phase of the AXJ vector.
  • the basic operation of the presented ESS is different from the SSSC as illustrated in Fig. 2. While the SSSC can only supply reactive power with the injected voltage AXJ in quadrature to the line current, the ESS will in basic operation mainly supply and consume active power with the injected voltage vector in parallel or anti-parallel to the line current.
  • the injected power of the ESS will in basic operation thus be P3 ⁇ 43*AU p hase*Iiine with Auphase being the voltage of the supercapacitor/battery and lime the line RMS (root mean square) current. This voltage will vary during discharge and charge of the ESS.
  • the power that can be drawn from or charged into the ESS is thus proportional to the line current and to the voltage of the energy storage unit.
  • the discharge active power can still be controlled, but then the reactive power injection of the ESS also varies.
  • the total energy stored in the energy store of the ESS can be used, since they can be completely discharged by the line current. In shunt connected solutions, normally only a part of the total energy stored can be used, since the energy storage can only be partly discharged via a DC/DC converter. For a voltage range between 50-100 % of the rating in a shunt example, the utilized energy is 75%.
  • the ESS energy rating would be around 25 % less than the shunt storage energy rating.
  • a time constant T for the ESS is the energy stored (in Joule) in the energy store divided with the maximum power rating (in Watt) of the ESS.
  • the time constant T may be at least 200 ms, preferably at least 500 ms.
  • the voltage level of the ESS may for a supercapacitor vary from about o to about 1 power unit (p.u.).
  • the voltage variation for a battery may be less, about 0.65 to about 1.0 p.u.
  • the voltage magnitude across the energy store is restricted from the grid requirements for voltage variations and will thus be low compared to the line- line voltage.
  • the current rating of the ESS however needs to be substantial to handle the full line current. Due to high current rating, the power rating of the device will still be substantial despite a low voltage rating.
  • a DC/DC converter is often required for shunt connected energy storages, which however is avoided with the presented ESS topology connected in series.
  • thyristors may be used instead of e.g. IGBTs, which may be beneficial for losses, overload capability and price etc.
  • Some characteristics of the ESS are: 1. The discharge and charge speed of the ESS and thus the energy exchanged with the grid is dependent on the line current on the line where it is installed. Thus, the ESS may advantageously be installed on lines where the load is high and predictable when it is required to be used in order to have a large output power and thus fast discharge speed. For the frequency support
  • this may for example be on lines which have a high loading when renewable energy sources (RES) generation is high and the grid system has low inertia.
  • RES renewable energy sources
  • the discharge and charge of the ESS will be dependent on the charge-state of the energy storage.
  • a high charge state/high DC voltage of the energy storage indicates a high possible charge/discharge speed (high active power input/output).
  • the voltage injected by the ESS will locally increase the line voltage during discharge and decrease the line voltage during charging.
  • the possible voltage rating and power rating of the ESS is thus dependent on the acceptable voltage variation on the line where it is installed.
  • This voltage magnitude impact of the ESS may be lowered by varying the turn-on time of the thyristors, thus interchanging reactive power with the grid.
  • TSO transmission system operator
  • Voltage disturbance of the ESS in the grid may be balanced by the action of voltage regulators of generators and voltage- regulated transformers in the grid. Since the ESS will vary the voltage at its location it may also change the power which close-by voltage-dependent loads draw. This may counteract the energy input to the grid injected by the ESS. To avoid this, the ESS may be localized such that its influence of voltage-dependent loads is minimized, e.g. far away from such loads or close to generators which stabilize the voltage magnitudes at the load centres. Inertia application
  • the plot of required mean ESS power after fault until nadir, to replace inertial energy of a 1000 MVA synchronous machine, is shown.
  • the required energy is shown for the two cases, 120 MJ and 240 MJ, respectively.
  • the rotational energy of the machine which is delivered to the grid when two different frequency dips occur, is illustrated.
  • a dip of Af ma x of -0.5 Hz which is a common lower limit in many power grids, results in an rotational energy loss/energy output from the synchronous machine of 120 MJ.
  • a dip of -1.0 Hz which is a very large deviation, sometime observed in countries with inertia issues like Ireland, results in an energy output of 240 MJ from the machine.
  • Fig.3 shows the required mean ESS power output from the time of the fault until the nadir to replace the inertial energy of the assumed machine. In other words, Fig.
  • the ESS energy ratings are in this example 120 and 240 MJ for the two assumed maximum frequency deviations, respectively.
  • the example indicates that a comparably small power rating is required for the ESS to compensate for the inertial response of a synchronous machine of a large power rating.
  • the presented ESS will have a declining power output and thus the maximum power rating of the presented ESS be substantially higher than the mean power output during an inertial response event.
  • the magnitude of the peak (compared to the pre-fault value) is in the range of 50 MW.
  • the inertia of the machine results in an energy demand to supply the increasing rotational energy during this time after the nadir until the frequency is stable again.
  • High load is in electrical power grids often associated with lowered voltages.
  • the ESS should be placed on transmission lines where the load is significant to secure sufficient power/energy output during a frequency drop. This may e.g. be on transmission lines carrying large amounts of RES power at times when the penetration of RES is high and the inertia in the grid is thus low.
  • the inertia boosting application presented herein has been simulated to verify the functionality of the ESS.
  • the simulated test system is shown in Fig. 5 ⁇
  • the ampere capacity of the 400 kV line is assumed to be 1.5 kA and the impedance of the transmission line is corresponding to an overhead line of about 50 km
  • energy from the ESS has to be supplied to the grid before the turbine governors of power plants in the grid has obtained power balance in the grid (which happens at the nadir).
  • Case A Full discharge of the ESS - the thyristors are turned on (closing of power conductor switch), connecting the energy source to the transmission line, without delay at current zero crossings.
  • the thyristors la, b, c/4a, b, c and 2a, b, c/3a, b, c operate in tandem to ensure that the inserted voltage vector is in phase with the line current vector.
  • the results are illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7 for a 1 kA line current. The presented results are obtained assuming ideal thyristor devices. In practice, a certain amount of delay (in the order of about 1 ms) of the turn-on time of the thyristor device after current zero crossings will be required. This will yield a certain amount of reactance power interchange with the grid.
  • the active and reactive powers flowing into and out of the ESS are Ps, Qs, and Pr, Qr, respectively.
  • the difference between these is the power supplied by the ESS, ⁇ and AQ.
  • the receiving end active power is larger since the ESS is discharging.
  • the output power of the ESS is decreasing with time as it is discharged.
  • Qs and Qr are close to equal showing there is no significant reactive power contribution from the ESS.
  • the output power of the ESS peaks in the range of 30 MW and then declines.
  • the RMS voltages at the sending and receiving end of the ESS are UsRMS and UrRMS. It can be seen that the ESS increases the line voltage by initially about 5 % which then declines as the ESS discharges. In a normal grid with generators at both ends, the voltage at the receiving end will be well controlled by the generator's automatic voltage controllers (AVR). The loads at the receiving end will thus likely not see a significant voltage variation when the ESS is triggered (apart from a possible initial transient). However, the voltage variation caused by the device may impact loads close by when the grid is weak. If the loads are voltage sensitive, this will impact their power demand thus diminishing the effect of the power injection by the ESS.
  • AVR automatic voltage controllers
  • the energy storage voltages i.e. supercapacitor cell voltages, are Ucella, b, c. These can be seen to start at full charge, n.skV and then decline to about 2 kV after 10 seconds. At this stage about 97 % of the capacitor energy has been supplied to the grid.
  • Line currents la, lb and Ic are symmetric.
  • Capacitor currents Icella, b, c which can be seen to be rectified to discharge the capacitors for both current directions.
  • Gate turn-on pulses Gia, G2a, G3a, G4a is illustrated for all thyristors in phase a. It can be seen that G1/G4 and G2/G3 operate in tandem.
  • the sending and receiving end voltages in phase a, Usa, and Ura are shown in two different scales, which illustrate the voltage increase injected by the ESS.
  • the capacitor currents can be seen to be rectified in the other direction compared to case A in this case.
  • the thyristors can be seen to be blocking in this mode of operation.
  • the receiving end voltage can be seen to be lowered compared to the sending end voltage.
  • the injected square voltage wave is phase shifted by 180 degrees compared to case A.
  • the energy storage technology for the ESS may be based on traditional high voltage capacitors, but due to the high energy storage capacity requirement, electrolytic dual layer capacitors (ELDC), also called supercapacitors or ultracapacitors, are preferred.
  • ELDC electrolytic dual layer capacitors
  • Supercapacitors uses high surface area activated carbon electrodes and an organic electrolyte to provide energy densities as high as 10 Wh/kg. As a consequence the maximum capacitor cell voltage is limited to 2.5 - 3.0 V. This will mean that many supercapacitors will need to be connected in series for this application.
  • Li-ion batteries could potentially also be used. They provide 10 - 25 times higher energy density, but suffer from lower specific power and limited cycle life, and they must not be discharged below a certain voltage.
  • the ESS should release most of its energy in less than 10 seconds, and for such operation, the supercapacitors are ideal.
  • a dimensioning of a supercapacitor stack for inertia application is provided below.
  • the requirements are: 11.5 kV maximum voltage, 1.5 kA, 1 F per phase, which equals 200 MJ of energy storage.
  • the table provides typical data of the Maxwell BCAP3000 3.0V/3000F and the Skeleton SCE4500 2.85V/4500F supercapacitor cells. It can be noticed that the Skeleton SCE4500 has both better specific power and energy density. Hence, the values of Skeleton SCE4500 cell are used below.
  • 11500/2.8 4036 cells are needed.
  • the energy storage capacity per cell is 0.01828MJ, and to reach 200MJ/3,
  • An installation with a battery ESS may be use to assist e.g. a power plant with frequency control services.
  • the power plant can be kept at a stable level of active power output which may be beneficial, e. g. from an efficiency and/or reliability point of view, while the ESS handles he required fast response during frequency events.
  • Connection of an ESS on a generator output, i.e. behind a meter, would potentially ensure a stable and high line current seen by the ESS, thus ensuring a sufficient output power of the ESS to comply with grid requirements for frequency control.
  • the voltage on the grid side of the ESS may also be used as a feedback voltage to the AVR of the generator, thus ensuring a stable point of common coupling (PCC) voltage and grid code compliance for voltage. This would avoid a voltage disturbance when the ESS is in operation.
  • PCC common coupling
  • the output power of the ESS will be directly proportional to the line current and the ESS voltage. For a high power output and low discharge time the ESS should thus be located at a transmission line where a stable high current is flowing when ESS charge/discharge is required.
  • the output power of the ESS will not be stable but decline with the energy source voltage during discharge.
  • the inertial response of a synchronous machine is also not stable but instead dependent on the rate of frequency change which normally is varying during a frequency event. What matters most for the ability to limit the frequency deviation during a frequency drop is to supply the grid with energy faster than the turbine governors can supply it. This is a local control action on dedicated plants, wherein no human operator needs to be involved. A varying power output should be acceptable for this application.
  • bypass mode The use of the ESS in a grid will introduce losses in the grid. Use of the bypass mode will reduce such losses. However, also in bypass mode the ESS will introduce losses due to semiconductor on-state losses. The bypass losses will be significantly lowered if a mechanical switching device is connected in parallel to the ESS, which can be used during bypass mode. Adding of a mechanical bypass switch may be done as long as the increased turn-on time of the ESS due to the switch operation is acceptable. Such a mechanical l8 bypass switch will anyhow likely be used for bypass during faults in the grid and during maintenance.
  • the ESS may also be combined with fixed shunt compensation, Static Var Compensators (SVC)/StatComs and HVDC applications.
  • SVC Static Var Compensators
  • HVDC High-Voltage DC
  • An ESS in series with a capacitor for shunt compensation is illustrated in Fig. 14 (one phase illustrated only).
  • FIG. 15 An ESS in series with an inductor for shunt compensation is illustrated in Fig. 15 (one phase illustrated only).
  • FIG. 16 An ESS system implemented for a SVC/STATCOM is in Fig. 16 illustrated with a first ESS in series with a SVC and a second ESS in series with a
  • FIG. 17 An ESS in series with a HVDC converter is illustrated in Fig. 17 (one phase illustrated only).
  • FIG. 18 An ESS system implemented in a STATCOM chain-link configuration is illustrated in Fig. 18, with an ESS in each phase of a three phase STATCOM.
  • a method for providing an energy storage to an electrical power grid comprises connecting an energy storage system, ESS, in series with a transmission line of an electrical power grid, or in series with a shunt unit connected to the transmission line, the energy storage comprising an energy source connected to the transmission line or the shunt unit via an H-bridge connection, measuring an AC grid frequency in the electrical power grid, discharging the ESS when the measured AC grid frequency drops a predetermined magnitude from a normal condition, and charging the ESS when the measured grid frequency is back to normal condition.
  • the shunt unit may e.g. be a reactor, capacitor, STATCOM, or SVC.
  • the AC grid frequency may e.g. be measured in the electrical power grid locally at the ESS or at a remote location in the grid.
  • the predetermined magnitude may e.g. be +- 0.1-0.3 Hz
  • the discharge of the ESS may be fast, and the charge may be slow over time back to a normal charge level.
  • the method may further comprise bypassing the ESS when neither discharging nor charging is required.
  • Each leg of the H-bridge connection may comprise a power conductor switch with anti-parallel diodes, to charge/discharge the ESS.
  • Each power conductor switch may be a thyristor, an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), or a gate turn-off thyristor (GTO).
  • the discharging may be maximized by closing tandem leg switches of the power conductor switches shortly after a current zero crossing of a current in the transmission line.
  • the discharging may be slowed by closing tandem leg switches of the power conductor switches delayed after a current zero crossing in the transmission line.
  • the charging may be maximized by opening all leg switches of the power conductor switches.
  • the energy source may comprise one or more batteries, one or more supercapacitor, a combination of batteries and supercapacitors, or a combination of batteries, supercapacitors and normal capacitors.
  • the ESS may comprises an energy storage connected in series, via an H- bridge connection, in each transmission line of a multi phase electrical power grid.
  • the method may further comprise connecting one or more further ESS in series with the ESS.
  • a series ESS is according to an embodiment presented with reference to Fig. l.
  • the series ESS comprises an energy source 5 having a positive connection point and a negative connection point, wherein the energy source has an energy time constant T of at least 200 ms, preferably at least 500 ms, and a power conductor switch connected to the positive or negative connection point of the energy source, wherein the power conductor is configured to vary the DC voltage level of the energy source.
  • the time constant T may be the energy stored in the energy storage divided with the maximum power rating of the ESS.
  • the series ESS may further comprise a first power conductor switch 1 connected between a first connection point of the series ESS and the negative connection point, a second power conductor switch 2 connected between the positive connection point and the first connection point, a third power conductor switch 3 connected between a second connection point of the series ESS and the negative connection point, and a fourth power conductor switch 4 connected between the positive connection point and the second connection point, wherein the series ESS thereby connects the energy source between the first and second connection points via an H -bridge, to provide active power between the first and second connection points.
  • the energy storage may be configured to vary the DC voltage level from 0.65 to 1.0 p.u., preferably from about o to about 1 p.u.
  • Each power conductor switch may comprise a thyristor and an antiparallel diode, an IGBT and an antiparallel diode, or a GTO and an antiparallel diode.
  • the energy source may be a battery, a supercapacitor, or a combination of energy storage and normal capacitor.
  • the series ESS may comprise one or more further ESS in series with the ESS.
  • a series ESS for providing an energy storage to an electrical power grid comprises an energy source arranged to be connected, via an H-bridge, to a transmission line of an electrical power grid, at least four power conductor switches, with anti-parallel diodes, wherein each power conductor switch is connected to the energy source and the transmission line to form the H-bridge of the ESS, the ESS being configured to measure an AC grid frequency in the electrical power grid and to discharge the ESS when the measured grid frequency drops a predetermined magnitude, and to charge the ESS when the measured grid frequency increases a predetermined magnitude.
  • the ESS may further comprise a controllable generator, SVC, STATCOM, tap-changer of a transformer, or high-voltage, direct current (HVDC) system, wherein the ESS and the generator, SVC, STATCOM, tap-changer of a transformer, or HVDC system are controlled coordinated.
  • a controllable generator SVC, STATCOM, tap-changer of a transformer, or high-voltage, direct current (HVDC) system
  • HVDC direct current

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  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé permettant de procurer un stockage d'énergie à un réseau électrique. Le procédé comprend la connexion d'un système de stockage d'énergie (ESS), en série avec une ligne de transmission d'un réseau électrique ou en série avec une unité de dérivation connectée à la ligne de transmission, le stockage d'énergie comprenant une source d'énergie connectée à la ligne de transmission ou à l'unité de dérivation par l'intermédiaire d'une connexion en pont en H, la mesure d'une fréquence de réseau à courant alternatif dans le réseau électrique, la décharge de l'ESS lorsque la fréquence mesurée de réseau à courant alternatif chute d'une amplitude prédéfinie à partir d'un état normal et la charge de l'ESS lorsque la fréquence mesurée de réseau revient à un état normal. L'invention concerne également un stockage d'énergie et un stockage d'énergie en série.
PCT/EP2017/062699 2017-05-25 2017-05-25 Système de stockage d'énergie Ceased WO2018215071A1 (fr)

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CN111181184A (zh) * 2020-02-21 2020-05-19 佛山市燃气集团股份有限公司 一种基于压力能发电的产储用一体化综合利用系统
WO2020173549A1 (fr) * 2019-02-26 2020-09-03 Abb Power Grids Switzerland Ag Agencement de compensateur synchrone statique (statcom) comprenant un stockage d'énergie
CN114142492A (zh) * 2021-11-30 2022-03-04 南方电网调峰调频发电有限公司 发电机组系统、发电机组调频方法、装置和存储介质
WO2022167071A1 (fr) * 2021-02-03 2022-08-11 Hitachi Energy Switzerland Ag Unité de compensation en série et procédé de commande de puissance dans une ligne électrique

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CN111181184A (zh) * 2020-02-21 2020-05-19 佛山市燃气集团股份有限公司 一种基于压力能发电的产储用一体化综合利用系统
WO2022167071A1 (fr) * 2021-02-03 2022-08-11 Hitachi Energy Switzerland Ag Unité de compensation en série et procédé de commande de puissance dans une ligne électrique
CN114142492A (zh) * 2021-11-30 2022-03-04 南方电网调峰调频发电有限公司 发电机组系统、发电机组调频方法、装置和存储介质

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