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WO2018209061A1 - Ensemble à force de serrage axiale pour transmission à variation continue de variateur à bille - Google Patents

Ensemble à force de serrage axiale pour transmission à variation continue de variateur à bille Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018209061A1
WO2018209061A1 PCT/US2018/032032 US2018032032W WO2018209061A1 WO 2018209061 A1 WO2018209061 A1 WO 2018209061A1 US 2018032032 W US2018032032 W US 2018032032W WO 2018209061 A1 WO2018209061 A1 WO 2018209061A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ring
idler
variable transmission
axial force
traction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2018/032032
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Joseph J. HORAK
Ryan D. Nelms
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dana Ltd
Original Assignee
Dana Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dana Ltd filed Critical Dana Ltd
Publication of WO2018209061A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018209061A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H15/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members
    • F16H15/02—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members without members having orbital motion
    • F16H15/04—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
    • F16H15/06—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B
    • F16H15/26—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a spherical friction surface centered on its axis of revolution
    • F16H15/28—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a spherical friction surface centered on its axis of revolution with external friction surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H13/00—Gearing for conveying rotary motion with constant gear ratio by friction between rotary members
    • F16H13/10—Means for influencing the pressure between the members
    • F16H13/14—Means for influencing the pressure between the members for automatically varying the pressure mechanically

Definitions

  • a vehicle having a driveline including a tilting ball variator allows an operator of the vehicle or a control system of the vehicle to vary a drive ratio in a stepless manner.
  • a variator is an element of a Continuously Variable
  • CVT CVT
  • IVT Infinitely Variable Transmission
  • Transmissions that use a variator can decrease the transmission's gear ratio as engine speed increases. This keeps the engine within its optimal efficiency while gaining ground speed, or trading speed for torque during hill climbing, for example. Efficiency in this case can be fuel efficiency, decreasing fuel consumption and emissions output, or power efficiency, allowing the engine to produce its maximum power over a wide range of speeds. That is, the variator keeps the engine turning at constant RPMs over a wide range of vehicle speeds.
  • a continuously variable transmission including: a first traction ring; a second traction ring; a plurality of balls, each ball having a tiltable axis of rotation, each ball in contact with the first traction ring and second traction ring; a first idler ring located radially inward of the first traction ring and the second traction ring, the first idler ring in contact with each ball; a second idler ring located radially inward of the first traction ring and the second traction ring, the second idler ring in contact with each ball; an idler race operably coupled to the first idler ring and the second idler ring, the idler race located radially inward of the first idler ring and the second idler ring; and an axial force generator operably coupled to the second idler ring.
  • CVT continuously variable transmission
  • the axial force generator is an electromagnetic device adapted to provide an axial force between the balls, the first traction ring, and the second traction ring.
  • the continuously variable transmission further includes a slip ring operably coupling the electromagnetic device to a grounded member of the CVT.
  • the axial force generator is a hydraulic device adapted to provide an axial force between the balls, the first traction ring, and the second traction ring.
  • the hydraulic device further includes a fluid cavity contained with the second idler ring.
  • the fluid cavity is supplied with a pressurized fluid.
  • the continuously variable transmission of further includes a spring member located in the fluid cavity.
  • the axial force generator is a mechanical device adapted to provide an axial force between the balls, the first traction ring, and the second traction ring.
  • the continuously variable transmission further includes a spring member located within the second idler ring.
  • a vehicle driveline including: a power source, a variable transmission of any one of CVTs described herein drivingly engaged with the power source, and a vehicle output drivingly engaged with the variable transmission.
  • the power source is drivingly engaged with the vehicle output.
  • a vehicle including the variable transmission of any one of the CVT's described herein.
  • Provided herein is a method including providing a variable transmission of any one of the CVTs described herein.
  • Provided herein is a method including providing a vehicle described herein.
  • Figure 1 is a side sectional view of a ball-type variator.
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of a carrier member that is used in the variator of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is an illustrative view of different tilt positions of the ball-type variator of Figure 1.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an idler assembly having an electromagnetic axial force generator.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of an idler assembly having a hydraulic axial force generator.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an idler assembly having a hydro- mechanical axial force generator.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of an idler assembly having a
  • CVTs based on a ball-type variators, also known as CVP, for continuously variable planetary.
  • CVP continuously variable planetary.
  • Basic concepts of a ball-type Continuously Variable Transmissions are described in United States Patent No. 8,469,856 and 8,870,711 incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
  • balls planets, spheres
  • the balls are mounted on tiltable axles 5, themselves held in a carrier (stator, cage) assembly having a first carrier member 6 operably coupled to a second carrier member 7.
  • the first carrier member 6 rotates with respect to the second carrier member 7, and vice versa.
  • the first carrier member 6 is fixed from rotation while the second carrier member 7 is configured to rotate with respect to the first carrier member, and vice versa.
  • the first carrier member 6 is provided with a number of radial guide slots 8.
  • the second carrier member 7 is provided with a number of radially offset guide slots 9, as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the radial guide slots 8 and the radially offset guide slots 9 are adapted to guide the tiltable axles 5.
  • the axles 5 are adjusted to achieve a desired ratio of input speed to output speed during operation of the CVT.
  • adjustment of the axles 5 involves control of the position of the first and second carrier members 6, 7 to impart a tilting of the axles 5 and thereby causing a tilting of the balls' axes of rotation to adjust the speed ratio of the variator.
  • Other types of ball CVTs also exist, but are slightly different. The working principle of such a CVP of FIG.
  • FIG. 3 The CVP itself works with a traction fluid.
  • the lubricant between the ball and the conical rings acts as a solid at high pressure, transferring the power from the first traction ring, through the balls, to the second traction ring.
  • the ratio is changed between input and output.
  • the axis is horizontal the ratio is one-to-one (1 :1) illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • the axis is tilted the distance between the axis and the contact point change, modifying the overall ratio. All the balls' axes are tilted at the same time with a mechanism included in the carrier and/or idler.
  • Embodiments disclosed here are related to the control of a variator and/or a CVT using generally spherical planets each having a tiltable axis of rotation that are adjusted to achieve a desired ratio of input speed to output speed during operation.
  • adjustment of said axis of rotation involves angular misalignment of the planet axis in a first plane in order to achieve an angular adjustment of the planet axis in a second plane that is perpendicular to the first plane, thereby adjusting the speed ratio of the variator.
  • the angular misalignment in the first plane is referred to here as "skew”, “skew angle”, and/or "skew condition”.
  • a control system coordinates the use of a skew angle to generate forces between certain contacting components in the variator that will tilt the planet axis of rotation. The tilting of the planet axis of rotation adjusts the speed ratio of the variator.
  • CVT and Infinitely Variable Transmissions often use some form of mechanical clamping mechanism, typically including a ball-and- cam mechanism to generate axial clamping forces necessary to facilitate the transmission of torque between or among transmission components via traction or friction, often referred to as clamping force mechanisms or generators.
  • a standard ball-and-cam clamping force mechanism determines the clamp load. Examples of ball-and-cam clamping force mechanism are found in United States Patent No. 9,086,145, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • Non-Torque Reactive clamping means are generally defined as ratio dependent, speed dependent and fixed (fully preloaded).
  • Torque Reactive clamping means are generally defined by axial forces due to external influences or loads, torque reaction on floating elements, screws and cams, or passive hydraulic.
  • Active/Programmable clamping means wherein hydraulic or other means are actively applied to a clamping means to create axial clamping forces.
  • the clamping force mechanism used in a transmission with a Continuously Variable Ball Planetary (CVP) variator provides a load to the first and/or second traction ring to ensure adequate clamping force between the drive ring(s) and the traction planets.
  • CVP Continuously Variable Ball Planetary
  • radial is used here to indicate a direction or position that is perpendicular relative to a longitudinal axis of a transmission or variator.
  • axial refers to a direction or position along an axis that is parallel to a main or longitudinal axis of a transmission or variator.
  • the terms “operationally connected,” “operationally coupled”, “operationally linked”, “operably connected”, “operably coupled”, “operably linked,” “operably coupleable” and like terms refer to a relationship (mechanical, linkage, coupling, etc.) between elements whereby operation of one element results in a corresponding, following, or simultaneous operation or actuation of a second element. It is noted that in using said terms to describe the embodiments, specific structures or mechanisms that link or couple the elements are typically described. However, unless otherwise specifically stated, when one of said terms is used, the term indicates that the actual linkage or coupling take a variety of forms, which in certain instances will be readily apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the relevant technology.
  • Traction drives usually involve the transfer of power between two elements by shear forces in a thin fluid layer trapped between the elements.
  • the fluids used in these applications usually exhibit traction coefficients greater than conventional mineral oils.
  • the traction coefficient ( ⁇ ) represents the maximum available traction force which would be available at the interfaces of the contacting components and is the ratio of the maximum available drive torque per contact force.
  • friction drives generally relate to transferring power between two elements by frictional forces between the elements.
  • the CVTs described here operate in both tractive and frictional applications.
  • the CVT operates at times as a friction drive and at other times as a traction drive, depending on the torque and speed conditions present during operation.
  • the idler assembly 4 depicted in Figure 3 is configured to provide an axial clamp force between traction components of the CVP.
  • the axial clamp force is actively controlled by an electronic control unit and supporting electrical hardware and software.
  • the axial clamp force is controlled by mechanical feedback from traction members of the CVP.
  • an idler assembly 20 is provided with a first idler ring 21 and a second idler ring 22 supported by a bearing 23 and an idler race 24.
  • the idler race 24 is operably coupled to and supported by a main shaft 25 of the CVP.
  • the second idler ring 22 is provided with an electromagnetic axial force generator 26 having a first pole member 27 and a second pole member 28 each operably coupled to the second idler ring 22.
  • the pole members 27, 28 are arranged so that each pole member is either a north or south pole such that the north and south poles alternate with the respect to the pole adjacent to it.
  • the second idler ring 22 is adapted to have a radially outward member 22A in contact with the balls 1 and a radially inward member 22B operably coupled to the idler race 24.
  • the electromagnetic axial force generator 26 is supplied with power from a slip ring 29 and supporting electronic software.
  • the slip ring 29 is optionally provided with a rotatable component 29A interfacing with a stationary component 29B.
  • the stationary component 29B is operably coupled to a grounded member of the CVP.
  • an axial force is applied between the radially outward member 22A and the radially inward member 22B by the electromagnetic axial force generator 26. Said axial force is transferred to the balls 1 and other traction members of the CVP proportional to speed and torque transmitted through the CVP.
  • an idler assembly 30 is provided with a first idler ring 31 and a second idler ring 32 supported by a bearing 33 and an idler race 34.
  • the idler race 34 is operably coupled to and supported by a main shaft 35 of the CVP.
  • the second idler ring 32 is provided with a hydraulic axial force generator 36 located in the second idler ring 32.
  • the second idler ring 32 is adapted to have a radially outward member 32A in contact with the balls 1 and a radially inward member 32B operably coupled to the idler race 34.
  • the hydraulic axial force generator 36 is a fluid cavity formed in the second idler ring 32 that is supplied with a pressurized fluid through a passage 37.
  • the fluid cavity is a pocket formed between the radially outward member 32A and the radially inward member 32B.
  • the passage 37 is in fluid communication with the main shaft 35.
  • an axial force is applied between the radially outward member 32A and the radially inward member 32B by the hydraulic axial force generator 36. Said axial force is transferred to the balls 1 and other traction members of the CVP proportional to speed and torque transmitted through the CVP.
  • an idler assembly 40 is provided with a first idler ring 41 and a second idler ring 42 supported by a bearing 43 and an idler race 44.
  • the idler race 44 is operably coupled to and supported by a main shaft 45 of the CVP.
  • the second idler ring 42 is provided with a hydro- mechanical axial force generator 46 located in the second idler ring 42.
  • the second idler ring 42 is optionally adapted to have a radially outward member 42A in contact with the balls 1 and a radially inward member 42B operably coupled to the idler race 44.
  • the hydro-mechanical axial force generator 46 is a fluid cavity located within the second idler ring 42 and is supplied with a pressurized fluid through a passage 47.
  • the fluid cavity is a pocket formed between the radially outward member 42A and the radially inward member 42B.
  • the passage 47 is in fluid communication with the main shaft 45.
  • the hydro-mechanical axial force generator 46 includes a spring member 48 coupled to the radially outward member 42A and the radially inward member 42B.
  • the spring member 48 is located within the fluid cavity.
  • an idler assembly 50 is provided with a first idler ring 51 and a second idler ring 52 supported by a bearing 53 and an idler race 54.
  • the idler race 54 is operably coupled to and supported by a main shaft 55 of the CVP.
  • the second idler ring 52 is provided with a mechanical axial force generator 56 located in the second idler ring 52.
  • the second idler ring 52 is adapted to have a radially outward member 52A in contact with the balls 1 and a radially inward member 52B operably coupled to the idler race 54.
  • the mechanical axial force generator 56 includes a spring member coupled to the radially outward member 52A and the radially inward member 52B.
  • an axial force is applied between the radially outward member 52A and the radially inward member 52B by the mechanical axial force generator 56. Said axial force is transferred to the balls 1 and other traction members of the CVP proportional to speed and torque transmitted through the CVP.
  • a continuously variable transmission comprising: a first traction ring; a second traction ring; a plurality of balls, each ball having a tiltable axis of rotation, each ball in contact with the first traction ring and second traction ring; a first idler ring located radially inward of the first traction ring and the second traction ring, the first idler ring in contact with each ball; a second idler ring located radially inward of the first traction ring and the second traction ring, the second idler ring in contact with each ball; an idler race operably coupled to the first idler ring and the second idler ring, the idler race located radially inward of the first idler ring and the second idler ring; and an axial force generator operably coupled to the second idler ring.
  • CVT continuously variable transmission
  • Aspect 2 The continuously variable transmission of Aspect 1 , wherein the axial force generator is an electromagnetic device adapted to provide an axial force between the balls, the first traction ring, and the second traction ring.
  • the axial force generator is an electromagnetic device adapted to provide an axial force between the balls, the first traction ring, and the second traction ring.
  • Aspect 3 The continuously variable transmission of Aspect 2, further comprising a slip ring operably coupling the electromagnetic device to a grounded member of the CVT.
  • Aspect 4. The continuously variable transmission of Aspect 1 , wherein the axial force generator is a hydraulic device adapted to provide an axial force between the balls, the first traction ring, and the second traction ring.
  • Aspect 5 The continuously variable transmission of Aspect 4, wherein the hydraulic device further comprises a fluid cavity contained with the second idler ring.
  • Aspect 6 The continuously variable transmission of Aspect 4, wherein the fluid cavity is supplied with a pressurized fluid.
  • Aspect 7 The continuously variable transmission of Aspect 5, further comprising a spring member located in the fluid cavity.
  • Aspect 8 The continuously variable transmission of Aspect 1 , wherein the axial force generator is a mechanical device adapted to provide an axial force between the balls, the first traction ring, and the second traction ring.
  • Aspect 9 The continuously variable transmission of Aspect 7, further comprising a spring member located within the second idler ring.
  • a vehicle driveline comprising: a power source, a variable transmission of any one of Aspects 1-9 drivingly engaged with the power source, and a vehicle output drivingly engaged with the variable transmission.
  • Aspect 11 The vehicle driveline of Aspect 10, wherein the power source is drivingly engaged with the vehicle output.
  • a vehicle comprising the variable transmission of any one of Aspects 1-9.
  • Aspect 13 A method comprising providing a variable transmission of any one of Aspects 1-9.
  • a method comprising providing a vehicle driveline of Aspect
  • Aspect 15 A method comprising providing a vehicle of Aspect 12.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Friction Gearing (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une transmission à variation continue (CVT) comprenant une pluralité de billes, chacune ayant un axe de rotation inclinable, un premier ensemble anneau de traction en contact avec chaque bille, un second ensemble bague de traction en contact avec chaque bille, et un ensemble roue libre en contact avec chaque bille, l'ensemble roue libre étant situé radialement vers l'intérieur du premier ensemble anneau de traction et du second ensemble anneau de traction. Dans certains modes de réalisation, l'ensemble roue libre est pourvu d'un générateur de force axiale conçu pour transférer une force axiale aux contacts de traction de la CVT. Dans certains modes de réalisation, le générateur de force axiale est un dispositif électromagnétique. Dans certains modes de réalisation, le générateur de force axiale est un dispositif hydromécanique.
PCT/US2018/032032 2017-05-11 2018-05-10 Ensemble à force de serrage axiale pour transmission à variation continue de variateur à bille Ceased WO2018209061A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201762504865P 2017-05-11 2017-05-11
US62/504,865 2017-05-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018209061A1 true WO2018209061A1 (fr) 2018-11-15

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0754947A (ja) * 1993-08-12 1995-02-28 Hitachi Metals Ltd 磁石式ボール遊星減速装置
JP2003065209A (ja) * 2001-08-27 2003-03-05 Ntn Corp 風力発電機用変速機
US8469856B2 (en) 2008-08-26 2013-06-25 Fallbrook Intellectual Property Company Llc Continuously variable transmission
US8870711B2 (en) 2008-10-14 2014-10-28 Fallbrook Intellectual Property Company Llc Continuously variable transmission
US20150072827A1 (en) * 2010-11-10 2015-03-12 Fallbrook Intellectual Property Company Llc Continuously variable transmission
US9086145B2 (en) 2006-11-08 2015-07-21 Fallbrook Intellectual Property Company Llc Clamping force generator
WO2016160360A1 (fr) * 2015-03-31 2016-10-06 Fallbrook Intellectual Property Company Llc Ensembles planétaires divisés équilibrés comprenant des mécanismes différentiels intégrés, et variateurs et transmissions comprenant des ensembles planétaires divisés équilibrés
US20170089434A1 (en) * 2015-09-25 2017-03-30 Dana Limited Continuously variable planetary idler support bearing to improve or reduce bearing speeds and allow idler assembly axial movement

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0754947A (ja) * 1993-08-12 1995-02-28 Hitachi Metals Ltd 磁石式ボール遊星減速装置
JP2003065209A (ja) * 2001-08-27 2003-03-05 Ntn Corp 風力発電機用変速機
US9086145B2 (en) 2006-11-08 2015-07-21 Fallbrook Intellectual Property Company Llc Clamping force generator
US8469856B2 (en) 2008-08-26 2013-06-25 Fallbrook Intellectual Property Company Llc Continuously variable transmission
US8870711B2 (en) 2008-10-14 2014-10-28 Fallbrook Intellectual Property Company Llc Continuously variable transmission
US20150072827A1 (en) * 2010-11-10 2015-03-12 Fallbrook Intellectual Property Company Llc Continuously variable transmission
WO2016160360A1 (fr) * 2015-03-31 2016-10-06 Fallbrook Intellectual Property Company Llc Ensembles planétaires divisés équilibrés comprenant des mécanismes différentiels intégrés, et variateurs et transmissions comprenant des ensembles planétaires divisés équilibrés
US20170089434A1 (en) * 2015-09-25 2017-03-30 Dana Limited Continuously variable planetary idler support bearing to improve or reduce bearing speeds and allow idler assembly axial movement

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