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WO2018205646A1 - 一种建筑围护结构构造 - Google Patents

一种建筑围护结构构造 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018205646A1
WO2018205646A1 PCT/CN2018/000166 CN2018000166W WO2018205646A1 WO 2018205646 A1 WO2018205646 A1 WO 2018205646A1 CN 2018000166 W CN2018000166 W CN 2018000166W WO 2018205646 A1 WO2018205646 A1 WO 2018205646A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
prefabricated
concrete
basalt fiber
wall
building
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2018/000166
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴淑环
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201710670407.9A external-priority patent/CN107476592A/zh
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2018205646A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018205646A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2/7401—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using panels without a frame or supporting posts, with or without upper or lower edge locating rails
    • E04B2/7403—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using panels without a frame or supporting posts, with or without upper or lower edge locating rails with special measures for sound or thermal insulation including fire protection
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/66—Sealings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/35—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation
    • E04D3/351—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation at least one of the layers being composed of insulating material, e.g. fibre or foam material
    • E04D3/352—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation at least one of the layers being composed of insulating material, e.g. fibre or foam material at least one insulating layer being located between non-insulating layers, e.g. double skin slabs or sheets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E04G2023/0251—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements by using fiber reinforced plastic elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a building envelope construction or/and a prefabricated panel construction, the building envelope comprising an exterior wall, a roof.
  • the EPS panels are connected with the inner and outer leaves of the concrete, but they are not bonded, and the stress state is not good.
  • the insulation layer exceeds 100 mm, the outer blade concrete sinks more. If the requirements are not met, the requirements for building a low-energy building to the wall cannot be met. There is a contradiction between the goal of low-energy buildings and the goal of prefabricated buildings. How to solve them?
  • China's passive energy-saving room with a thin plastering wall under the guidance of Nordic experts adopts the door window heat insulation and broken bridge technology: the wooden frame is installed outside the door window, and the steel frame is also set under the wooden frame of the window sill, steel and wooden frame Connected to the base wall, then install the door and window frame with the auxiliary frame and the door and window on the wooden frame, so that the window still cannot be separated from the base wall. See Figure 11.
  • the outdoor cold spot is still close to the room and can only be reduced.
  • the heat bridge around the window is about 50%, and the installation is troublesome.
  • the wooden frame and the section steel need to be preserved, and a secondary frame is needed.
  • the passive wall-type energy-saving room wall and insulation layer of concrete wall has a total thickness of 550-600mm, and the wall is thick and wastes land.
  • prefabricated panels which are basically prefabricated panels with a width of 600 mm (such as prefabricated aerated concrete panels), which affect the assembly degree of the assembled exterior wall and the assembled roof.
  • the splitting is carried out along the centerline of the window wall.
  • the "Outer Wall Panel Construction Atlas” 08SJ110-2 which was released in China until 2008, is along the window wall.
  • the center line is split, as shown in Figure 3; and the wall of the prefabricated concrete shear wall window is currently split at the center line, the seam is long, the installation work is large, and it is not convenient to install.
  • the present invention proposes a building envelope structure or/and a prefabricated sheet construction.
  • a building envelope structure or/and a prefabricated sheet structure comprising a building body structure, a prefabricated sheet and an expandable polyethylene foam board or an inorganic heat insulating flexible material;
  • the precast board comprising inner leaf concrete, insulation layer and outer Prefabricated composite insulating wall panels formed from leaf concrete or prefabricated composite insulating wall panels; prefabricated panels are inlaid on the outside of the main structure of the building, or prefabricated panels are externally mounted on the outside of the frame structure; horizontal seams in the prefabricated panels At or near the vertical seam, an expandable polyethylene foam board or an inorganic insulating flexible material seal is installed to form a seam seal mounting structure of the assembled wall.
  • the basalt fiber cloth, or the basalt fiber cloth at the lower end of the precast board, continues to the inner side of the inner leaf concrete or/and the outer side of the concrete; or / and the basalt fiber cloth is attached to the side of the prefabricated board, or / and the basalt fiber cloth is attached to the side of the prefabricated board .
  • Non-combustible insulation materials are also installed in the cloth.
  • a building envelope structure or/and a prefabricated sheet construction 4 comprising prefabricated panels and basalt fiber cloth; the prefabricated panels being prefabricated roof panels; basalt fiber cloth installed at the bottom of the prefabricated roof panels, or also mounted to prefabricated houses
  • the side of the panel exits the roof opening; the concrete in the lower part of the prefabricated roof panel is low-strength lightweight concrete; or the insulation is installed on the low-strength lightweight concrete of the prefabricated roof panel; or in the joint of the organic insulation layer of the prefabricated roof panel
  • the polyester non-woven fabric is also attached to the joint to form the waterproofing of the roof panel; or the adhesive is applied on the insulation layer of the prefabricated roof panel to pour the roof stone concrete protective layer.
  • the roof stone concrete protective layer is equipped with steel bars, or basalt fiber cloth or basalt fiber mesh cloth is installed instead of steel bars.
  • a building envelope structure or/and a prefabricated sheet structure 5 comprising a building body structure and a prefabricated panel; the prefabricated panel comprising a prefabricated composite insulating wall panel formed by inner leaf concrete, insulation layer and outer leaf concrete or as a prefabricated combination
  • the insulating wall board or the prefabricated board is a prefabricated board without an insulating layer; the prefabricated board is prefabricated by being separated and disposed in the door and window opening, and the prefabricated board is fixed with the main structure of the building after installation, and then the prefabricated board is located The separation parts at the positions in the door and window openings are connected, and the horizontal seams of the upper and lower prefabricated panels are connected.
  • a building envelope structure or/and a prefabricated sheet structure six comprising a building body structure, prefabricated panels, and diagonal or inclined steel panels; the building body structure being various frame structures or frame shear wall structures;
  • the plate is a variety of non-load-bearing prefabricated plates.
  • the prefabricated plates are prefabricated composite thermal insulation wall panels formed by inner-leaf concrete, thermal insulation layer and outer-leaf concrete or prefabricated composite thermal insulation wall panels; the thermal insulation layer is an elastic thermal insulation layer and is elastically insulated.
  • the inclined steel bar or the inclined steel plate is located in the groove of the elastic heat insulating layer, and is pasted with an elastic adhesive which can adapt to deformation; or the inner leaf concrete of the prefabricated plate is a concrete with a certain elasticity, a diagonal steel bar or a diagonal steel plate Located in the elastic inner-leaf concrete, it is bonded with an elastic adhesive that can adapt to deformation; the inclined steel bar or the inclined steel plate is connected with the steel plate in the prefabricated plate, and the steel plate and the iron component on the beam of the main structure of the building are connected by connecting iron pieces, the assembled wall body Form a support system for the plane of the frame.
  • a building envelope structure or/and a prefabricated sheet structure VII comprising a building body structure and prefabricated panels; the precast panels being various non-load bearing precast panels; the precast panels comprising inner leaf concrete, insulation and outer leaves Prefabricated composite insulating wall panel formed of concrete; prefabricated panel is installed on the main structure of the building; the insulating layer of the prefabricated panel is an EPS board or an insulating material having the same performance as the EPS board; the EPS board and the inner leaf concrete and the outer leaf The concrete is connected to the surface. Using the tensile strength of the EPS board, a suspension system with vibration lag effect and shock absorption and damping effect is formed in the perimeter of the building.
  • a building envelope structure or/and a prefabricated sheet construction which includes a building body structure, prefabricated panels and materials that are resilient, shock absorbing and shock absorbing, and that meet fire protection requirements;
  • the precast panels are including inner leaf concrete Prefabricated composite thermal insulation wallboard formed by insulation layer and outer leaf concrete or prefabricated composite insulation wallboard, or prefabricated board is prefabricated insulation board including inner blade concrete and insulation layer, or prefabricated board is prefabricated board without insulation layer
  • the prefabricated panels are installed as an externally slidable assembled wall; the prefabricated panels are installed with columns of the main structure of the building or also with elastic, recoverable shock absorbing and shock absorbing materials, and also meet the requirements of fire protection requirements, and Connected to the column or to the raft.
  • the prefabricated panel comprises a prefabricated wall panel and a prefabricated roof panel according to the invention, and the prefabricated panel used in the prefabricated wall is a prefabricated wall panel, and the prefabricated panel used in the prefabricated roof is a prefabricated roof panel.
  • the prefabricated panel 2 is externally mounted on the outer side of the frame structure according to the present invention, which comprises fixing the prefabricated panel to the outside of the frame structure, such as using a nail-type plastic anchor bolt to pass through the prefabricated panel and fixing the main structure.
  • the prefabricated plate is not movable, and the prefabricated plate is fixed with iron; or/and the prefabricated plate is connected with the ⁇ or / and the column of the main structure with a cement material, and the assembled wall is formed on the side of the column of the high-rise building frame structure.
  • the displacement angle formed by the movement and the enthalpy has a limiting effect, and it is called a fixed externally mounted prefabricated plate.
  • the prefabricated panel 2 is externally mounted on the outer side of the frame structure, and further comprises: fixing the prefabricated sheet material to one end of the crucible and the other end to slide, not limiting the displacement angle formed by the column and the crucible, or allowing the displacement of the upper and lower joints. Or when rotating, it is installed as a slip-fit wall that can accommodate the displacement of the main structure, which is called an externally slidable prefabricated panel.
  • the layers of the prefabricated composite thermal insulation wallboard are layered or have a convex-concave bite (such as a dovetail slot) for surface connection, and the prefabricated thermal insulation wall panel of the surface connection is a prefabricated composite thermal insulation wallboard.
  • each layer of the prefabricated composite thermal insulation wallboard is a point connection by connecting the inner and outer concrete through the insulation layer through the fiber reinforced plastic connecting member or other connecting members, and the prefabricated thermal insulation wall panel formed by the point connection is a prefabricated composite thermal insulation wall panel. .
  • Building envelopes include exterior and roofing, as well as doors and windows.
  • the invention is limited to the installation of exterior walls and roofing and to the construction of prefabricated wall panels and prefabricated roof panels.
  • the first embodiment solves the problem that the joint of the external wall panel is a large thermal bridge, and the wall energy saving and heat preservation is good, and the important problems of the industrialization, industrialization and low energy building of the building described in the background are solved. .
  • the inorganic insulating flexible material such as aluminum silicate needle punching blanket (felt) or aluminum silicate fiber cloth can greatly increase the safety of the gap fire safety.
  • the prefabricated panels are separated in the door window opening, which greatly reduces the amount of joint construction and facilitates prefabrication, lifting and construction.
  • the current various types of assembled walls are separated in the window partitions, increasing the amount of joint work by 2 to 3 times.
  • Embodiment 6 to Embodiment 8 is of great significance for building earthquake resistance and wind resistance.
  • the inclined steel bar or the inclined steel plate is connected with the main structure of the building to form a support system for the plane of the frame, which can reduce the horizontal displacement of the frame, and has significance for reducing the horizontal displacement of the high-rise super high-rise building.
  • the invention promotes the development of the prefabricated building within the scope of the building envelope structure, the industrialization and industrialization of the building, the improvement of the energy-saving and heat insulation effect of the outer wall and the roof, the promotion of the low-energy building, the safety of the frame-structured wall and the safety of the frame structure.
  • Durability plays an important role in ensuring the quality of fabricated wall works.
  • basalt fiber cloth is installed in different parts of the prefabricated plate to solve the problem of many fabricated wall technologies, increase the reliability of connection between the layers of the assembled wall, and increase the reliability of prefabricated plate installation. Durability and ease of construction play an important role.
  • the prefabricated sheet structure of the second method has never been implemented, because no one can think of using basalt fiber cloth to solve the problems of pulling and safety of these parts, and using basalt fiber.
  • the gap between the cloths is not a thermal bridge, which is very advantageous for building energy saving. This shows that the second embodiment of the present invention is not only never, nor obvious.
  • basalt fiber cloth was not installed on the upper and lower sections and sides of prefabricated plates. Because they did not know the principle and function of installing basalt fiber cloth into these positions, they only thought of sticking the alkali-resistant mesh cloth on the outer wall.
  • Basalt fiber cloth has been in existence for a long time, and the price is not high, about 1/10 of the price of carbon fiber. The cost performance of installing basalt fiber cloth is quite high. However, the construction industry has long had many difficult wall technical problems that affect sustainable development. Why not use basalt fiber cloth to solve it?
  • This embodiment is a principle invention.
  • the principle of shear strength it is not known that basalt fiber cloth not only has high tensile strength and uniform performance than steel transmission stress, but can be combined with low-strength lightweight concrete to form large-scale prefabricated panels and improve assembly of external wall installation.
  • the principle of the degree of chemistry do not know what materials can be used to eliminate the thermal bridge and increase the strength at the same time, improve the degree of assembly, and reduce the weight of the external wall, favorable earthquake resistance, and reduce the construction cost. Therefore, the construction industry has long been shackled by reinforced concrete materials, which has made many problems unsolvable for a long time. This principle or principle was not solved in the previous construction industry.
  • the basalt fiber cloth will be installed on the side of the door and window opening of the wall, and the structure of the door and window opening and heat insulation broken bridge can also be formed, which has the great significance of improving the building volume ratio and saving the land, and enhances the door window.
  • the wall is damaged due to the unsatisfactory shear strength.
  • Embodiments 2 and 3 introduce basalt fiber cloth into the wall technology, which will end the history of external wall damage during rare earthquakes or strong winds. It is of great significance to the building's earthquake resistance and wind resistance. This principle or principle is not solved in the previous construction industry. of.
  • Embodiments 2 and 3 introduce basalt fiber cloth into the wall technology, which can completely eliminate the heat bridge at the door window, etc.
  • This principle or principle is not solved in the previous construction industry. Germany, which has developed technology, has reduced the window heat bridge by half in the passive energy-saving room, but can not completely eliminate the window heat bridge. See Figure 11. It is believed that the heat bridge of the door window is of course, and the heat bridge such as the external wall window cannot be eliminated. No one thought that installing a material to the side of the window would both eliminate the thermal bridge and increase the shear strength of the inter-window wall.
  • Basalt fiber fabric manufacturers are unaware of their products. The most used ones are to add chopped basalt fiber to asphalt concrete or cement concrete to build roads to block cracks, or to spread basalt fiber cloth at seams when the road surface is widened. Avoid uneven settlement within the road. Even if people who know the high tensile strength of basalt fiber cloth do not notice the significance of low thermal conductivity of basalt fiber cloth, it is not known that basalt fiber cloth is needed on the side of the window.
  • the basalt fiber cloth will be installed on the bottom of the prefabricated roof panel of low-strength lightweight concrete, which is not available in the existing prefabricated roofing panel technology. Therefore, only prefabricated aerated concrete slats can be installed, and the degree of assembly is completed. low.
  • the separation position of the prefabricated plates is determined at the door and window opening, which can greatly reduce the amount of joint work.
  • Expensive labor costs, joints such as joint reinforcements increase the connection material, reducing the amount of joint work can greatly reduce the installation cost, who is not willing to reduce the installation cost?
  • Embodiment 6 A diagonal steel bar or a diagonal steel plate is provided in the elastic inner blade concrete of the prefabricated plate, or a groove on the elastic heat insulating layer is provided with a diagonal reinforcing bar or a diagonal steel plate in the groove with an elastic adhesive. Inclined or inclined steel plates do not occupy the indoor use area.
  • the horizontal displacement of the high-rise building restraint frame is a very important issue to ensure the safety of the frame.
  • the inclined steel bar or inclined steel plate provided in this embodiment plays an important role in reducing the displacement of the frame under the action of wind load and horizontal earthquake.
  • the design rules or engineering examples of the existing frame structure do not have this technical structure, because some concrete is not known to have elasticity; and it is not known that the elasticity of the EPS insulation board is used, and it is not known which kind of adhesive is elastic and durable. it is good.
  • Embodiment 7 forms a suspension system that is connected to the concrete surface of the outer leaf through the EPS board and has the vibration hysteresis effect.
  • the suspension system is used for building wall technology and building seismic technology. of.
  • Embodiment 8 The installation of elastic, recoverable shock-absorbing and shock-absorbing materials between the prefabricated panels and the pillars of the main structure of the building, and the materials that meet the fireproof requirements are not found in the current wall technology, and are also existing. The technology does not know that some elastic materials are used to meet fire protection requirements.
  • Embodiments 6-8 are also principle invention innovations. Because we don't know the principle of using the tensile properties of the EPS board, I don't know the flexibility of using the EPS board. I don't know the principle that the EPS board has the ability to consume earthquakes. It is the principle that "Unity is power". It is applied in engineering; it is not known which adhesive can be used to bond all layers of materials into one, satisfying strength requirements, adapting to temperature deformation requirements and durability requirements.
  • Embodiments 6-8 are not only never seen, nor obvious.
  • FIG. 1 is a view showing the structure of the first outer wall of the external thermal insulation wall in Table 2 on page 5 of the "Overhead Wall Panel Structure Atlas" 08SJ110-2 of the background art, that is, the horizontal joint installation structure of the current external concrete wall panel Figure, there is no insulation sealing material at the middle insulation layer of the joint, the joint is a large thermal bridge; and the fireproof performance is not good. Once the fire flame breaks into the horizontal joint, the fire of the insulation layer will cause a fire.
  • FIG. 2 is a view showing the structure of the wall of the sandwich insulation wall in the second item of Table 2 on page 5 of the "Outer Wall Panel Structure Atlas" 08SJ110-2 of the background art, not only the joint is a large heat bridge, but also at the seam.
  • the concrete connection between the inner and outer leaves increases the connected concrete thermal bridge.
  • FIG 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the assembled wall joint sealing installation structure of the first embodiment, the joint has a slight slope drainage; and the basalt fiber cloth is attached to the upper and lower end sections of the second prefabricated plate of the second embodiment, and the upper end section of the prefabricated plate is also The basalt fiber cloth adhered to the enamel is bonded to the enamel; it also indicates that the basalt fiber cloth is also pasted on the façade of the prefabricated sheet; it also indicates that a thin PTFE waterproof membrane is installed on the inner side of the horizontal joint of the prefabricated sheet.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the separation of the current prefabricated panels in the window, including the entire panel of Table 1 of the "Outer Wall Panel Construction Atlas” 08SJ110-2 (the entire panel is prefabricated with doors and windows openings).
  • the plate features of the façade feature are all separated in the window wall, the installation seam is long, and the installation is troublesome.
  • Figure 6 is a view showing that the prefabricated sheet of the fifth embodiment is prefabricated in the position of the door and window opening, and the split view includes a door and window opening, the joint is short when installed, the installation workload is small, and the installation is convenient;
  • the prefabricated panels are also provided with diagonal or inclined steel plates to form a support system for the plane of the frame.
  • Figure 7 is a view showing that the prefabricated sheet of the fifth embodiment is prefabricated in the position of the door and window opening, and the split view includes two door and window openings, and the joint is 50% less than that of Fig. 4 during installation, and the installation amount is larger.
  • the splitting method of Figure 5 greatly improves the degree of assembly; also indicates that the sixth embodiment also has inclined steel or inclined steel plate in the prefabricated plate, and the inclined steel or inclined steel plate passes through the steel plate and the building main body.
  • the structural connection forms a schematic diagram of the elevation of the support system for the plane of the frame.
  • the upper and lower dotted lines in the figure respectively indicate the position of the main structure of the building under the armpit and on the beam.
  • Figure 8 is a vertical sectional view showing a sixth embodiment in which a diagonal steel bar or a diagonal steel plate is installed on a frame structure in a prefabricated plate material, and a cross-sectional view of the oblique steel bar or the inclined steel plate is connected to the main structure of the building through the steel plate, and also indicates that the prefabricated plate is
  • the plug-in type is mounted on the outer side of the frame structure, the nail-type plastic anchor bolt is fixed through the prefabricated plate and the crucible, and the pre-formed plate and the crucible are fixed by the iron member 6.
  • Figure 9 is a horizontal cross-sectional view showing the side of the basalt fiber cloth attached to the outer wall or the prefabricated panel, and to the side of the door and window opening, in the second or third embodiment.
  • Fig. 10 is a view showing a prefabricated roof panel structure according to a fourth embodiment, in which a waterproof coating is waterproofed at a gap between upper ends of the prefabricated roof panel insulation layer 2-3, and the inner blade concrete of the prefabricated roof panel is low-strength lightweight concrete.
  • the window cannot be installed away from the base wall, and there is still about 50% of the heat bridge around the window.
  • FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 show a construction envelope structure or/and a prefabricated sheet structure of the present embodiment, which is composed of a main structure of the building, a prefabricated sheet 2, and a foamable polyethylene foam board or inorganic
  • the heat insulating flexible material is composed;
  • the building main structure 1 is a load-bearing member of various structural systems,
  • the prefabricated plate 2 is a variety of non-load-bearing prefabricated plates, and the prefabricated plate 2 is composed of inner leaf concrete 2-1, heat insulating layer 2-3
  • said inorganic thermal insulation flexible material such as aluminum silicate needle blanket (felt) or aluminum silicate fiber cloth;
  • the inlaid type is installed on the outer side of the main structure 1 of the building, that is, a part of the prefabricated board 2 is installed in the frame structure opening, such as the inner leaf concrete, and the rest is installed outside the frame opening, or the prefabricated board 2 is externally
  • the assembled wall formed by the currently installed prefabricated sheet material described in FIG. 1 has no insulating sealing material at the joint insulating layer, and is changed at the horizontal joint or/and the vertical joint of the prefabricated sheet.
  • the expandable sealing material 3-1 can be installed as a horizontal gap by installing a foamable polyethylene foam board or an inorganic heat insulating flexible material, and can also serve as a sliding layer to eliminate the heat bridge of the prefabricated board joint of the assembled wall, and the assembly type Buildings have the effect of improving energy-saving insulation and building low-energy buildings.
  • the heat insulating layer 2-3 is an organic heat insulating material, there is no problem that the fireproofing in Fig. 1 is not good. Therefore, it has the meaning of energy saving and emission reduction, as well as the significance of fire safety.
  • Embodiment 2 FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 9, a construction envelope structure or/and a prefabricated sheet structure of the present embodiment, which is composed of a main structure of the building, a prefabricated sheet 2, and a basalt fiber cloth 2-4.
  • the building main structure 1 is a load-bearing member of various structural systems
  • the prefabricated plate 2 is a variety of non-load-bearing prefabricated plates, such as the prefabricated plate 2 including inner leaf concrete 2-1, insulation layer 2-3 and outer
  • the prefabricated composite thermal insulation wall panel formed by the leaf concrete 2-2 is a prefabricated composite thermal insulation wall panel, or the prefabricated panel 2 is a prefabricated thermal insulation panel including the inner blade concrete 2-1 and the thermal insulation layer 2-3, or the prefabricated panel 2 is only included
  • the plate of the inner leaf concrete 2-1; the basalt fiber cloth 2-4 is a basalt fiber cloth, or a woven fabric of basalt fiber and other inorganic fibers, and other requirements satisfying durability requirements, mechanical properties, and fire prevention requirements.
  • a basalt fiber cloth 2-4 is attached to the upper end or/and the lower end section of the prefabricated sheet 2, and the basalt fiber cloth 2-4 bonds the layers of the prefabricated sheet 2 at the end; or the lower end of the prefabricated sheet 2
  • the basalt fiber cloth 2-4 also extends to the inner side of the inner leaf concrete 2-1 or / and the outer side of the outer concrete, because the inner end of the inner concrete 2-1 often has pre-embedded iron pieces 2-5, and the embedded iron is required.
  • the pieces 2-5 are used for the ⁇ connection with the main structure 1 of the building (because the connection structure is complicated, irrespective of the present invention, not shown in Fig.
  • the pre-embedded iron pieces 2-5 are partially installed iron pieces, in order to prevent pre-buried
  • the layers of the prefabricated sheet 2 are separated, so it may be necessary to have basalt fiber cloth 2-4 on the inner surface of the inner end of the inner leaf concrete 2-1; and because the inner and outer leaves are thinner, It is safer to paste the basalt fiber cloth 2-4 to the inner and outer leaves for coagulation;
  • the basalt fiber cloth is also the connecting piece of the inner and outer leaf concrete, which can prevent the damage of the inner and outer leaf concrete with low strength, and there is no need to connect the steel bar and the cement mortar layer on the side of the window, so there is no steel bar or cement thermal bridge; It can also make low-strength concrete such as polyphenylene concrete and foam concrete can be prefabricated into large prefabricated plates, even large prefabricated plates with door and window openings, and large roof panels to promote the assembly of buildings and promote the industrialization of buildings; High-strength basalt fiber cloth is attached to each section of the prefabricated sheet, which can replace the plastic reinforced connecting piece in the precast board, increase the reliability of connection between the layers, and have other functions as described below;
  • the non-combustible heat insulating material 3-1 (such as vertical silk wool, for the outer wall is the horizontal silk wool, does not increase heat transfer).
  • the steel plate 30 is embedded in the basalt fiber cloth 2-4 attached to the side of the prefabricated sheet 2, such as an L-shaped anti-corrosion steel sheet, and the L-shaped steel sheet 30 is pre-buried in the outdoor corner of the door and window opening of the prefabricated sheet 2.
  • the L-shaped steel plate 3 is adhered to the inner material of the basalt fiber cloth 2-4; when the door and window are installed, the door and window are separated from the inner blade concrete 2-1 of the door and window opening, and the door and window connecting member is fixed with the L-shaped steel plate 30 in the basalt fiber cloth 2-4.
  • the invention reduces the investment of the EPS board and reduces the cost of the external thermal insulation by the window steel and the wooden frame, and reduces the external heat insulation cost by about 200 yuan/m 2 , and also reduces the cost of the assembled exterior wall project and reduces the cost.
  • the cost of wall curtain wall construction and the cost of vertical greening of external walls are reduced by about 100-250 yuan/m 2 for each item.
  • vertical greening of external walls can turn cities into forests, reduce summer heat island effects, and improve air quality.
  • Table 1 is the inner and outer leaves are 40mm thick polystyrene concrete + 10mm thick not less than C20 strength grade cement mortar or fine stone concrete rigid stress layer, the middle is the EPS board insulation layer, the layers are bonded together to form the surface connection When the heat bridge at the entrance is zero, the average heat transfer coefficient of the wall is shown.
  • Table 1 Table of material structure thickness and wall thickness of passive energy-saving rooms with frame structure and shear wall structure
  • the lightweight assembled sandwich outer thermal insulation wall can meet the requirements of low heat transfer coefficient with a thin wall.
  • the reason why the wall is thin is: 1) the heat bridge at the hole is “0”, which can reduce the thickness of the insulation layer; 2) the basalt fiber cloth bonds the layers of the prefabricated wallboard into one, forming a common force-bearing member.
  • the inner leaf concrete can be thinned. If only the connecting piece is connected instead of the surface joint, the inner leaf concrete needs ordinary concrete of 100mm thickness and the thickness is increased by 50mm; 3) the inner and outer leaves light concrete has low thermal conductivity, which is equivalent to about 20 ⁇ 30mm EPS board insulation.
  • the above three reasons reduce the thickness of the assembled wall, which is equivalent to increasing the floor area ratio by 2 to 4%, which has great economic benefits.
  • basalt fiber cloth can not be used to process lightweight concrete into prefabricated wallboard, because the lifting, transportation and other links are easy to break, the window anti-shear does not meet the requirements, and the window cannot be installed at the door and window opening.
  • Basalt fiber cloth 2-4 is also installed in the following locations, as needed:
  • Basalt fiber cloth 2-4 is also installed on the façade of prefabricated sheet 2, which can replace or partially replace the steel bars in the outer leaf concrete of prefabricated sheet 2, or / and basalt fiber cloth pasted on the side of prefabricated sheet 2 Between the joints of 2, the basalt fiber cloth 2-4 can form a shear-resistant steel hoop along the circumference of the building; or after the prefabricated board 2 is installed on the main structure of the building, in the basalt fiber cloth 2-4
  • the structural steel is used to adhere the steel plate, and the external wall attachment is connected with the steel plate; if the external wall is installed, the green wall is installed or the exterior wall decorative line, the deformation seam cover, the sunshade curtain or the solar photovoltaic film, the solar photovoltaic panel, etc. and the basalt fiber cloth are attached.
  • the steel plate 30 attached to the 2-4 is connected, and the decorative large plate is installed on the basalt fiber cloth 4, and the iron piece is not added to the thermal bridge through the thermal insulation layer;
  • a decorative layer on the outside of the basalt fiber cloth 2-4 forming a prefabricated wall panel or a prefabricated thermal insulation board with a decorative layer;
  • the basalt fiber cloth 2-4 attached to the upper end section of the prefabricated sheet 2 has a margin, and the remaining amount of the basalt fiber cloth 2-4 is pasted on the upper side of the main structure 1 of the building (when the seam is on the floor) or The side is pasted or anchored (the seam is on the outside of the sill).
  • the insulation material 3-1 (such as vertical silk wool, for the outer wall is the horizontal silk wool, does not increase heat transfer), Greatly improve the fire safety of energy-saving and heat-insulating walls and benefit the society.
  • the basalt fiber cloth 2-4 is attached to the upper end or/and the lower end section of the prefabricated sheet 2 to have the following three functions:
  • Basalt fiber cloth 2-4 combines the materials of the prefabricated sheet 2 at the upper and lower ends to increase the connection reliability of each layer. There is no need to worry about the unreliable bonding of the layers or the pull of the inner and outer pull members. Unreliable, the risk of falling off the outer leaf concrete occurs; it is not necessary to connect the inner and outer leaf concretes to form a large heat bridge as shown in the lower half of Fig. 2, and the prefabrication is troublesome.
  • the basalt fiber cloth 2-4 adhered to the upper end section of the prefabricated sheet 2 may be bonded to the crucible of the main structure 1 of the building to form a structure for connecting the prefabricated sheet 2 to the main structure of the building.
  • the basalt fiber cloth 2-4 adhered to the upper end section of the prefabricated sheet 2 is bonded to the upper part of the main structure of the building main body 1, which is a joint structure of the prefabricated sheet and the crucible without iron members at the floor, and the tensile strength of the basalt fiber cloth. Very high, and the paste installation is very convenient.
  • the height of the crucible is several tens of centimeters, and it is often necessary to connect the upper end of the prefabricated sheet 2 to the upper portion of the crucible, and it is convenient to use the basalt fiber cloth 2-4 to bond the upper portion of the crucible to the steel. And blocking the dirt and water in the room into the gap between the prefabricated sheet 2 and the crucible.
  • basalt fiber In the GB23265 standard for chopped basalt fiber for cement concrete and mortar, basalt fiber is produced from natural volcanic rock and is a pure natural green fiber. Basalt fiber has high tensile strength, shear strength and elastic modulus, good chemical stability and thermal stability, anti-aging and acid and alkali resistance, high temperature and low temperature, electrical insulation and sound insulation. The tensile strength of basalt fiber is several times that of steel or even ten times. The basalt fiber elongation is about 3-4%, and the elastic modulus is 1.5 to 2 times that of the glass fiber. Basalt fiber is the best comprehensive material, and the durability of basalt fiber and basalt fiber cloth is almost infinite, because it is essentially basalt.
  • basalt fiber material is narrow, and the most used one is to add short-cut basalt fiber to asphalt concrete or cement concrete to build road cracking, and to bond basalt fiber into basalt steel bar with epoxy resin for embankment.
  • some basalt fiber twill is used as a bag.
  • Basalt fiber can also be used as a low-cost alternative to carbon fiber for column and beam reinforcement.
  • the amount of basalt fiber cloth is small.
  • the thermal conductivity of basalt fiber cloth is 0.035 ⁇ 0.04w/mk, which is consistent with the EPS board.
  • the basalt fiber cloth installed on the section of the prefabricated board is not a thermal bridge, but it has a large tensile strength, but the tensile strength of the steel bar is used. High, but it is a thermal bridge. It also requires a thermal bridge of cement mortar.
  • the basalt fiber cloth is installed on each side of the window and the prefabricated plates to solve the problem of pulling and not being a thermal bridge.
  • the inner and outer leaf concrete of the prefabricated plate of the present embodiment can be ordinary heavy concrete, it is recommended to be lightweight concrete when installed as a non-load bearing wall, which is light in weight, reduces the cost of the main structure of the building, and reduces the thickness of the wall as shown in Table 1.
  • FIG. 9 is a structural structure of a building envelope or/and a prefabricated sheet structure of the present embodiment, which is composed of a wall 1-1 or a prefabricated sheet 2 and a basalt fiber cloth 2-4;
  • the body 1-1 is a wall, such as a poured concrete wall, a masonry wall, a load-bearing wall or a non-load-bearing wall on a frame structure, the wall 1-1 being a wall with an insulating layer or A wall without an insulating layer;
  • the basalt fiber cloth 2-4 is attached to the side of the door and window opening of the wall 1-1 or the prefabricated sheet 2. Attach basalt fiber cloth 2-4 to the side of the door and window opening of the wall 1-1 or the prefabricated board 2.
  • the wall of the masonry can greatly improve the shear strength of the window wall and improve the safety of earthquake or strong wind.
  • the heat-insulating bridge structure of the door and window opening can be formed, which has the great significance of saving land and increasing the floor area ratio;
  • the non-combustible heat insulating material 3-1 (such as vertical silk wool, for the outer wall, is the horizontal silk wool, does not increase heat transfer).
  • a building envelope structure or/and a prefabricated sheet structure of the present embodiment is composed of a prefabricated sheet 2 and a basalt fiber cloth 2-4, and the prefabricated sheet 2 is a prefabricated roof panel.
  • the basalt fiber cloth 2-4 is a basalt fiber cloth, or a woven fabric of basalt fiber and other inorganic fibers, and other fiber cloths satisfying durability requirements, mechanical performance requirements, and fireproof requirements;
  • basalt fiber cloth 2 - 4 Installed on the bottom of the prefabricated roof panel to replace or partially replace the steel in the concrete below the prefabricated roof slab, or also installed on the side of the prefabricated roof panel exit roof to enhance the shear resistance of the hole, basalt fiber cloth 2-4 in the house
  • the side of the panel opening is the steel hoop of the assembled roof at the exit of the roof;
  • the concrete at the bottom of the prefabricated roof is low-strength lightweight concrete, such as foam concrete, pearl concrete, polystyrene concrete, etc., the lower part of low-streng
  • the insulation layer 2-3 on the low-strength lightweight concrete of the prefabricated roof panel.
  • the installation of the organic insulation layer can improve the energy-saving insulation effect of the roof panel; or apply the waterproof coating on the joint of the organic insulation layer of the prefabricated roof panel 2 -4, or when applying waterproof coating, polyester non-woven fabric is also attached to the joint to form the roof panel's own waterproof, which can be used as the first waterproofing of the roof; or the adhesive on the insulation layer of the prefabricated roof panel, pouring Roof fine stone concrete protective layer 2-5, roof fine stone concrete protective layer 2-5 is equipped with steel bars, or basalt fiber cloth or basalt fiber mesh cloth is installed instead of steel bar;
  • the elastic organic insulation layer (such as the EPS board) is squeezed and adhered to each other at the joint of the prefabricated roof panel (the EPS board is slightly widened during prefabrication), and is painted waterproof.
  • the paint is waterproof; the upper part of the prefabricated roof panel and the protruding part of the parapet wall are filled with the heat insulation board sheet, and the waterproof coating is applied to waterproof;
  • the length of the fine stone concrete protection layer at the upper part of the prefabricated roof panel and the adjacent prefabricated roof panel is reserved for the overlap between the upper reinforcement or the upper basalt fiber cloth or the basalt fiber mesh; the upper part of the prefabricated roof panel After the steel bar or basalt fiber cloth or basalt fiber mesh cloth is connected, the upper fine stone concrete protective layer at the joint is filled.
  • the low-strength lightweight concrete can be integrated to form a large prefabricated roof panel, which is of great significance for installing the assembled roof.
  • FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 show a construction envelope structure or/and a prefabricated sheet structure of the present embodiment, which is composed of a building main structure 1 and a prefabricated sheet 2;
  • the prefabricated plate 2 is a variety of non-load-bearing prefabricated plates, and the prefabricated plate 2 is a prefabricated composite thermal insulation wall comprising the inner leaf concrete 2-1, the thermal insulation layer 2-3 and the outer leaf concrete 2-2.
  • the plate may be a prefabricated composite insulating wall panel, or the prefabricated panel 2 may also be a prefabricated panel without an insulating layer; the prefabricated panel 2 is inlaid on the outside of the main structure 1 of the building, that is, the prefabricated panel 2 has a part such as inner leaf concrete Installed in the frame structure hole, the rest is installed outside the frame hole, or the prefabricated plate 2 is externally mounted on the outside of the frame structure; the prefabricated plate 2 is prefabricated in the position of the door and window opening, and will be prefabricated during installation. After the plate 2 is fixed to the main structure 1 of the building, the prefabricated panels 2 are connected at the separation portions at the positions inside the door and window openings, and the horizontal seams of the upper and lower prefabricated panels 2 are joined.
  • Embodiment 6 See FIG. 4 and FIG. 6, a construction envelope structure or/and a prefabricated sheet structure of the present embodiment, which is composed of a main structure of the building 1, a prefabricated plate 2, and a diagonal steel bar or a diagonal steel plate 2-6.
  • the building main structure 1 is a load-bearing member of various structural systems;
  • the prefabricated sheet 2 is a variety of non-load-bearing prefabricated sheets, and the prefabricated sheet 2 is composed of inner leaf concrete 2-1, insulation layer 2-3 and outer leaf concrete.
  • said insulating layer 2-3 is an elastic insulating layer, such as EPS board has very good elasticity, and polyurethane board is hard foam and further with time It becomes brittle and hard, and the extruded board is hard plastic, and the inorganic foaming material has no elasticity;
  • Angle steel 6) connection that is, oblique steel or inclined steel plate 2-6 is connected with the main structure 1 of the building through the steel plate 2-7, and the assembled wall forms a supporting system for the plane of the frame; the inclined steel bar or the inclined steel plate of the present embodiment 2-6 Located in the elastic inner leaf concrete 2-1 (such as in polystyrene concrete), or in the groove of the EPS board, the inclined steel bar or the inclined steel plate 2-6 will not force the inner leaf concrete 2-1 or keep warm. Layer damage.
  • the installation of the inclined steel bar or the inclined steel plate on the prefabricated plate 2 is important for restricting the displacement of the main structure of the high-rise building, but the inclined steel bar or the inclined steel plate does not occupy the building space, and the prefabricated plate is not damaged.
  • the adhesive used for the layer connection of the prefabricated sheet layer and the adhesive used for installing the inclined steel bar or the inclined steel plate in the groove in the embodiment, and the polymer binder prepared by adding a polyacrylate emulsion or a powder or the like.
  • Polyacrylate emulsions are compatible with a wide range of materials and are resistant to solar radiation for a period of not less than 50 years.
  • cement-based polyacrylate emulsions that meet the glass transition temperature of -50 ° C to meet the flexibility requirements at the lowest temperature.
  • the adhesive is also capable of meeting the temperature at steam curing conditions without damage.
  • Embodiment 7 A building envelope structure or/and a prefabricated sheet structure of the present embodiment, which is composed of a building main structure 1 and a prefabricated sheet 2; the prefabricated sheet 2 is an inner leaf concrete 2-1, heat preservation Prefabricated composite insulating wall panel formed by layer 2-3 and outer leaf concrete 2-2; insulating layer 2-3 of prefabricated sheet 2 is EPS board or insulating material having the same performance as EPS board, said insulating layer 2-3 Having the same performance as the EPS board means that the combustion performance requirements, elastic requirements, durability requirements, and tensile strength requirements are the same as or close to the EPS board (scientific development, and new insulation materials may appear to meet the requirements in the above aspects); The EPS board is connected to the inner leaf concrete 2-1 and the outer leaf concrete 2-2; the prefabricated board 2 is mounted on the main structure 1 of the building, including the inlaid installation on the outer side of the main structure 1 of the building, or the prefabricated board 2 The external type is installed on the outer side of the frame structure; using the tensile strength of
  • This embodiment is to exert the tensile strength of the EPS board and the ability to be soft.
  • the elastic modulus of the EPS board is very small, the transmission speed of the vibration wave is very slow, the vibration frequency is much smaller than the vibration frequency of the main structure of the building, the self-shock period is very long, and the impact energy is absorbed quickly, which has the best ability to absorb the earthquake by the softness.
  • the EPS board is extremely lightweight but has a tensile strength ( ⁇ 0.1 MPa) that fully meets the requirements for reliable connection to the inner and outer leaf concrete.
  • the vibration frequency of the outer leaf concrete is naturally much smaller than the vibration frequency of the main structure of the building, forming a hysteresis effect, which offsets the earthquake action and wind shock effect, and plays an important role in building earthquake resistance and wind resistance.
  • Embodiment 8 A building envelope structure or/and a prefabricated sheet structure of the present embodiment, which is composed of a building main structure 1 and a prefabricated sheet 2 and an elastic, recoverable shock absorbing and shock absorbing property, and also satisfies fire prevention.
  • the building main structure 1 is a load-bearing member of various structural systems
  • the prefabricated sheet 2 is a variety of non-load-bearing prefabricated panels, and the prefabricated panel 2 is composed of inner-leaf concrete 2-1, Prefabricated composite thermal insulation wallboard formed by insulation layer 2-3 and outer leaf concrete 2-2 or prefabricated composite thermal insulation wallboard, or prefabricated panels are prefabricated thermal insulation panels including inner blade concrete and thermal insulation layer, or prefabricated panels are not provided
  • the prefabricated sheet of the insulating layer; or the prefabricated sheet 2 may also be a prefabricated sheet without the insulating layer; the prefabricated sheet 2 is externally mounted on the outside of the frame structure, and the prefabricated sheet 2 is spaced from the beam and column of the main structure 1 of the building ( About a few centimeters), the prefabricated sheet 2 is installed as an assembled wall outside the frame structure;
  • the prefabricated sheet 2 is attached to the space between the pillars of the main structure 1 of the building or the gap between the concrete and the concrete, and is capable of recovering shock absorbing and shock absorbing materials, and also meets the requirements of fireproofing, and is connected with the pillars or the rafts (such as sticking) Knot).
  • the outer side of the column is installed with a certain elasticity to meet the fireproof requirements of polystyrene granular concrete, or the outer side of the outer side of the column is installed with the edge of the EPS board to install polystyrene granular concrete (the elasticity is better, and the fireproof requirement can also be met, which is suitable for the case where the column section is wide) .
  • the elastic vibration, recoverable shock absorbing and shock absorbing, and the material satisfying the fireproof requirement are installed between the outer side of the column and the prefabricated plate, thereby reducing the vibration frequency of the column and damping the shock absorption.
  • Embodiment 8 A building envelope structure or/and a prefabricated sheet structure of the present embodiment, which is composed of an outer heat insulating wall and an outer heat insulating roof (or an upper heat insulating roof);
  • the outer heat insulating wall includes a base layer
  • the inner leaf concrete of the wall or the external prefabricated board, the thermal insulation layer of the outer thermal insulation wall and the outer protective layer, the outer thermal insulation roof includes the roof insulation layer on the roof structure layer, the roof concrete protection layer (may also include the waterproof layer)
  • the insulation layer of the external thermal insulation wall is continuous with the roof insulation layer; the roof concrete protection layer and the roof challenge board are not directly penetrated into the room, and the coating adhesive adheres the roof concrete protection layer to the insulation layer, and the roof concrete protection
  • the layer is coated with structural glue, and the inclined roof (including the concrete inclined roof or the steel roof sloping roof) is connected with the steel plate to form the inclined roof; or the concrete parapet wall and the concrete art railing are formed on the steel plate to form a flat roof, so
  • the outer protective layer of the outer thermal insulation wall has basalt fiber cloth, and the basalt fiber cloth on the top of the outer wall is also pasted on the roof concrete protective layer, thereby increasing the connection reliability.

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Abstract

一种建筑围护结构构造，包括：建筑主体结构（1）、预制板材（2），在预制板材（2）的接缝处安装无机保温柔性材料（3-1），在预制板材（2）的上端或/和下端断面，或/和预制板材（2）的侧面，墙体或预制板材（2）的门窗洞口侧面，预制屋面板底部具有玄武岩纤维布（2-4）；在门窗洞口内位置分拆预制板材（2）；斜钢筋或斜钢板（2-6）位于预制板材（2）的弹性保温层（2-3）的凹槽内；EPS板弹性保温层（2-3）与內叶混凝土（2-1）、外叶混凝土（2-2）之间面连接，形成消震减震悬挂体系；预制板材（2）与建筑主体结构（1）之间安装弹性、可恢复可消震减震、满足防火要求的材料。该建筑围合结构构造可提高装配化程度、提高节能保温效果、增加墙体安全性和耐久性。

Description

[根据细则37.2由ISA制定的发明名称]　一种建筑围护结构构造 技术领域
本发明涉及建筑的围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造，建筑的围护结构包括外墙、屋面。
背景技术
1、现行框架结构上安装的预制板材形成的装配式外墙之间的接缝密封保温性差，是热量流失的通道，是真正的大热桥，这使得框架结构的装配式墙体难以建设低能耗建筑，见图1、图2。建筑节能是建筑业的大课题，但是装配式建筑的墙体热量流失的通道多，难以建设低能耗建筑，装配式建筑与建筑节能的目标发生矛盾。
2、一些三明治的预制板材(即组合墙板)中EPS板与内外叶混凝土设置拉接件连接，但是不粘结，受力状态不好，当保温层超过100mm时，外叶混凝土下沉多不满足要求，不能满足建设低能耗建筑对墙体的要求。使得低能耗建筑的目标与装配式建筑的目标之间有矛盾，如何解决？
3、外墙热桥多，低能耗建筑难以推进
当前节能保温墙体因热量流失的通道太多(即热桥多)，窗口侧边墙体的保温层仅厚20～30mm是大热桥成为热量流失的通道，窗墙比0.35～0.45时，增加墙体传热系数0.15～0.25w/m 2.k，而节能90％的被动式节能房要求墙体传热系数不大于0.15w/m 2.k，即使保温层无限厚，且窗墙比不大于0.35才能满足节能90％的被动式节能房对墙体保温的要求，这当然是不可能的。我国在北欧专家指导下建设的被动式节能房用薄抹灰墙体，采取门窗口隔热断桥技术：在门窗口外侧安装木框，窗台的木框下还设置型钢承托，型钢和木框与基层墙体连接，然后将带有辅框的门窗框及门窗安装到木框上，这样窗户仍离不开基层墙体，见图11，室外冷点距离室内的距离仍然近，只能减少窗口周边热桥约50％，且安装麻烦，木框和型钢需防腐，还需设辅框。因窗口周边还有热桥约50％，我国现在已建设多处节能90％的被动式节能房，需用导热系数0.032w/m.k、密度30kg/m 3的高价EPS板300mm厚(若用普通EPS板需要380mm厚，这太浪费土地了)，还要分二次安装(没有那么厚的高价EPS板)，增加多少造价？且可燃保温材料太多，一旦失火危险更大。混凝土墙的被动式节能房墙体与保温层总厚达550～600mm，墙体厚、浪费土地。一般民用建筑都难以普及节能90％的被动式节能房，还存在防火不好的问题，致使公共建筑至今不能建设低能耗建筑，更不能建设被动式节能房全球建筑能耗高达30～40％，建筑能耗高是社会一大难题。其中门窗口周边墙体的保温层厚度薄成为大热桥，还有外墙上安装铁件都要穿过保温层与基层墙体连接又形成诸多热桥。
4、此外，低强度混凝土难以形成大型预制板材，基本都是宽度600mm的预制板(如预制加气混凝土板)，影响装配式外墙和装配式屋面的装配化程度。
5、当前装配式安装预制板材时，分拆都是沿着窗间墙中心线分拆，例如我国2008年发行直至现在使用的《外挂墙板构造图集》08SJ110-2就是沿着窗间墙中心线分拆，见图3； 以及当前安装预制混凝土剪力墙窗间墙都是在中心线分拆，接缝长，安装工作量大，不方便安装。
政府多年来一直在大力推广装配式建筑，推动建筑产业化、工业化，可是诸多技术上的难题形成了障碍。特别是建筑产业化、工业化与低能耗建筑的目标相矛盾。
为解决上述问题，本发明提出一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造，以解决背景技术所述的问题。
一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造一，它包括建筑主体结构、预制板材及可发性聚乙烯泡沫板或无机保温柔性材料；所述预制板材包括內叶混凝土、保温层和外叶混凝土形成的预制复合保温墙板或为预制组合保温墙板；将预制板材镶嵌式安装在建筑主体结构的外侧，或者将预制板材外挂式安装在框架结构的外侧；在预制板材的水平接缝处或/和垂直接缝处，安装可发性聚乙烯泡沫板或无机保温柔性材料密封，形成一种装配式墙体的接缝密封安装构造。
一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造二，它包括预制板材和玄武岩纤维布；所述预制板材为各种非承重预制板材；在预制板材的上端或/和下端断面上粘贴安装有玄武岩纤维布，或预制板材下端的玄武岩纤维布还延续到內叶混凝土内侧或/和外叶混凝土外侧；或/和在预制板材侧面粘贴玄武岩纤维布，或/和在预制板材侧面粘贴玄武岩纤维布。
一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造三，它包括墙体或预制板材和玄武岩纤维布；将玄武岩纤维布粘贴安装到墙体的门窗洞口侧面；或在门窗口侧边的玄武岩纤维布内还安装不燃保温材料。
一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造四，它包括预制板材和玄武岩纤维布；所述预制板材为预制屋面板；将玄武岩纤维布安装在预制屋面板底部，或还安装到预制屋面板出屋面洞口的侧面；所述预制屋面板下部的混凝土为低强度轻质混凝土；或在预制屋面板的低强度轻质混凝土上还安装保温；或在预制屋面板的有机保温层接缝处涂刷防水涂料，或者涂刷防水涂料时在接缝处还粘贴聚酯无纺布，形成屋面板的自身防水；或在预制屋面板的保温层上涂刷胶粘剂，浇筑屋面细石混凝土保护层，屋面细石混凝土保护层内配有钢筋，或者安装玄武岩纤维布或玄武岩纤维网格布替代钢筋。
一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造五，它包括建筑主体结构及预制板材；所述预制板材包括內叶混凝土、保温层和外叶混凝土形成的预制复合保温墙板或为预制组合保温墙板，或预制板材为不带有保温层的预制板材；所述预制板材是在门窗洞口内位置分拆加工预制的，安装时将预制板材与建筑主体结构固定后，再将预制板材位于门窗洞口内位置处的分拆部位连接，以及将上下预制板材的水平接缝连接。
一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造六，它包括建筑主体结构、预制板材及斜钢 筋或斜钢板；所述建筑主体结构为各种框架结构或框架剪力墙结构；所述预制板材为各种非承重预制板材，预制板材为包括內叶混凝土、保温层和外叶混凝土形成的预制复合保温墙板或为预制组合保温墙板；所述保温层为弹性保温层，在弹性保温层上有凹槽，斜钢筋或斜钢板位于弹性保温层的凹槽内，用可适应变形的弹性胶粘剂粘贴；或所述预制板材的內叶混凝土为具有一定弹性的混凝土，斜钢筋或斜钢板位于弹性內叶混凝土内，用可适应变形的弹性胶粘剂粘结；斜钢筋或斜钢板与预制板材内的钢板连接，钢板与建筑主体结构的梁上铁件通过连接铁件连接，装配式墙体形成对框架平面的支撑体系。
一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造七，它包括建筑主体结构及预制板材；所述预制板材为各种非承重预制板材；所述预制板材包括內叶混凝土、保温层和外叶混凝土形成的预制复合保温墙板；将预制板材安装在建筑主体结构上；所述预制板材的保温层为EPS板或为具有与EPS板相同性能的保温材料；EPS板与內叶混凝土、外叶混凝土之间为面连接，利用EPS板抗拉强度，在建筑周圈形成一种通过EPS板内外叶混凝土面连接的，具有震动滞后效应的，消震减震作用的悬挂体系。
一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造八，它包括建筑主体结构、预制板材及弹性、可恢复可消震减震，还满足防火要求的材料；所述预制板材为包括內叶混凝土、保温层和外叶混凝土形成的预制复合保温墙板或为预制组合保温墙板，或预制板材为包括內叶混凝土、保温层的预制保温板，或预制板材是不带有保温层的预制板材；将预制板材安装为外挂可滑移式的装配式墙体；预制板材与建筑主体结构的柱子或还与粱之间安装弹性、可恢复可消震减震，还满足防火要求的材料，并与柱子或还有粱连接。
说明：
1、本发明所述将预制板材包括预制墙板和预制屋面版，应用于装配式墙体时的预制板材就是预制墙板，应用于装配式屋面时的预制板材就是预制屋面板
2、本发明所述将预制板材2外挂式安装在框架结构的外侧，既包括将预制板材固定外挂式安装在框架结构的外侧，如用射钉型塑料锚栓穿过预制板材与主体结构固定，固定后预制板材不可移动，预制板材用铁件固定；或/和用胶结材料将预制板材与主体结构的粱或/和柱连接，形成的装配式墙体对高层建筑框架结构的柱在侧移时与粱形成的位移角都有限制作用，称之为固定式外挂安装预制板材。
本发明所述将预制板材2外挂式安装在框架结构的外侧，还包括将预制板材与粱一端固定另一端可以滑移，不限制柱与粱形成的位移角，或上下连接点均允许有位移或转动时，安装为可适应主体结构位移的可滑移的装配式墙体，称之为外挂可滑移式安装预制板材。
3、关于面连接和点连接
预制复合保温墙板的各层材料层层粘结或还有凸凹面咬合(如燕尾槽咬合)为面连接，面连接的预制保温墙板为预制复合保温墙板。
而预制组合保温墙板的各层材料是用纤维增强塑料连接件或其它连接件穿过保温层将内外叶混凝土连接的为点连接，点连接的形成的预制保温墙板为预制组合保温墙板。
4、建筑围护结构包括外墙和屋面以及门窗，本发明仅限于外墙和屋面的安装构造以及在预制墙板和预制屋面板的构造。
本发明的技术效果：
1、实施方式一解决了安装外挂墙板的接缝是大热桥的问题，墙体节能保温好，解决了背景技术所述的建筑产业化、工业化与低能耗建筑的目标相矛盾的重要问题。而且接缝用硅酸铝针刺毯(毡)或硅酸铝纤维布等无机保温柔性材料，可大大增加缝隙防火安全性。
2、实施方式二的技术效果见实施方式二的说明。
3、对于大型含有门窗口的预制板材，按实施方式五在位于门窗口洞口内分拆预制板材，大大减少接缝工程量，方便预制、起吊和施工安装。相反，当前各种装配式墙体都是在窗间墙部位分拆，增加接缝工程量2～3倍。
4、实施方式六～实施方式八对建筑抗震抗风具有重要意义。
5、实施方式六安装的装配式墙体中有斜钢筋或斜钢板与建筑主体结构连接，形成对框架平面的支撑体系，可减少框架水平位移，对高层超高层建筑减少水平位移具有意义。
本发明对推进在建筑围护结构范畴内的装配式建筑发展，对建筑产业化、工业化，对提高外墙和屋面节能保温效果，推进低能耗建筑，对框架结构装配式墙体的安全性和耐久性，对保证装配式墙体工程质量具有重要作用。
本发明与已公开技术的不同点在于：
1、在装配式墙体技术的接缝构造中，从来没有采用实施方式一构造的规定或工程实例。现在政府大力推进装配式建筑，还在大力推行低能耗建筑，甚至推行节能90％的被动式节能房。但是当前装配式墙体安装构造接缝流失的热量就使得装配式墙体不能建设低能耗建筑，更不能建设节能90％的被动式节能房。社会节能减排形势严峻、环境形式严峻，能源形势严峻，为什么几十年来装配式墙体接缝热桥问题不能解决？难道是建筑业的专家不愿意解决、不愿意建设低能耗建筑吗？当然不是，这说明本发明不仅是从来没有的，也不是显而易见的。
2、实施方式二在预制板材的不同部位安装玄武岩纤维布，解决诸多装配式墙体技术的难题，对增加装配式墙体各层之间连接可靠度，对增加预制板材安装的可靠度，增加耐久性及施工方便有重要作用。但是在装配式墙体技术的规定或工程实例中，从来没有实施方式二的这种预制板材构造，因为谁也想不到用玄武岩纤维布来解决这些部位的拉接、安全等问题，而且用玄武岩纤维布缝隙处还不是热桥，对建筑节能很有利，这说明本发明实施方式二不仅是从来没有的，也不是显而易见的。
在世界建筑史上没有在预制板材的上下断面和侧面上安装玄武岩纤维布，因为他们不知道将玄武岩纤维布安装到这些位置的原理和作用，想到的都仅仅在外墙上粘贴耐碱网布阻裂，而没有想到将玄武岩纤维布粘贴在墙体和预制板材的窗口侧面和其它侧边断面上以及外墙立面，不仅不存在外墙裂缝还可替代或部分替代预制板材的外部钢筋，以及起到内外叶混凝土之间拉接件的作用，提高安装预制板材可靠性，还提高框架结构外墙装配化程度，及还作为预制板材的钢箍，特别是作为增强窗间墙门窗口的抗剪切钢箍，还可消灭门 窗口热桥，消灭门窗口具有提高建筑容积率2～4％的巨大作用！并可大幅度提高轻质低强度混凝土预制板材的装配化程度、推动建筑产业化，一举多得，这个道理他们不知道。
玄武岩纤维布出现已经不少年了，价格并不高，约是碳纤维价格的1/10，安装玄武岩纤维布的性价比是相当高的。但建筑业长久以来存在影响可持续发展的、诸多难以解决的墙体技术问题，为什么不用玄武岩纤维布来解决？
本实施方式是原理性发明，之所以长期以来建筑业墙体技术中存在很多问题不能解决，是因为：长期以来不知道利用玄武岩纤维布消灭热桥的原理、不知道利用玄武岩纤维布提高门窗口抗剪切强度的原理，不知道玄武岩纤维布不仅抗拉强度高且具有比钢材传递应力均匀的性能，可把低强度轻质混凝土连为一体，形成大规格预制板材，提高外墙安装的装配化程度的原理；不知道用什么材料既可以消灭热桥又可同时增加强度、提高装配化程度，并减轻外墙重量、有利抗震、降低建筑造价。因此，建筑业长期被钢筋水泥类材料所束缚，使得诸多问题长期不能解决，这个道理或原理是以前建筑业没有解想到的。
3、实施方式三将将玄武岩纤维布安装在墙体的门窗洞口侧面，同样可形成门窗洞口隔热断桥构造，具有提高建筑容积率、节约土地的巨大意义，并对门窗口起到增强作用，避免地震或大风时墙体因抗剪切强度不满足要求而破坏。
实施方式二和三在墙体技术中引入玄武岩纤维布，将结束在罕遇地震或大风时外墙破坏的历史，对建筑抗震抗风具有重要意义，这个道理或原理是以前建筑业没有解想到的。
人们习惯地认为地震或大风时外墙门窗口破坏被认为是很正常的。玄武岩纤维布能增加窗口抗剪切强度，窗口就不用如安装加气混凝土板一样安装角钢了。但即使安装角钢的装配式墙体也不安全，因为其墙体技术的材料都是锚栓或者钢钉连接，不能完全粘结连为一体形成一个共同的受力构件，不能按结构公式计算，因此以前地震或大风时门窗口破坏被认为是很正常的。
实施方式二和三在墙体技术中引入了玄武岩纤维布，可完全消灭门窗口等处热桥，这个道理或原理是以前建筑业没有解想到的。科技发达的德国在被动式节能房中已经减少了一半窗口热桥了，但不能完全消除窗口热桥，见图11，人们认为门窗口有热桥是当然的，外墙窗口等热桥不能消灭。没有人想到将一种材料安装到窗口侧面既可消灭热桥又增加窗间墙的抗剪切强度。
玄武岩纤维布厂家对他们的产品熟视无睹，用得最多的是将短切玄武岩纤维添加在沥青混凝土或水泥混凝土中筑路阻裂，或将路面加宽时将玄武岩纤维布铺在接缝处浇筑在公路内，避免不均匀沉降。即使知道玄武岩纤维布抗拉强度高的人，没有注意到玄武岩纤维布导热系数低的意义，不知道窗口侧边需要玄武岩纤维布。
以前墙体技术中由于没有用玄武岩纤维布，致使全世界推行建筑节能十分艰难，框架结构的装配式外墙始终没有突破性技术。众所周知的常州“绷带楼”外墙工程质量事故是因为外墙粘岩棉薄抹灰保温，岩棉怕水，薄抹灰保护层开裂雨水进入岩棉塌陷变形所至。其解决办法是在裂缝处一条一条地粘贴无纺布的绷带，但是无纺布怕紫外线耐久性不好，他们为什么没有在外墙上安装玄武岩纤维布呢来彻底解决问题呢？
4、实施方式四将将玄武岩纤维布安装在低强度轻质混凝土的预制屋面板底部，是现 有预制屋面板技术所没有的，所以一直以来只能安装预制加气混凝土条板，装配化程度低。
5、实施方式五将预制板材的分拆位置确定在门窗洞口处，可大大减少接缝工程量。人工费昂贵，接缝钢筋等连接件都增加连接材料，减少接缝工程量可大大降低安装成本，谁不愿意降低安装成本呢？但是长期以来没有人采用实施方式五的分拆构造，这说明实施方式五不仅是从来没有的，也不是显而易见的。
6、实施方式六在预制板材的具有弹性的內叶混凝土内设有斜钢筋或斜钢板，或在弹性保温层上有凹槽用弹性胶粘剂在凹槽内安装斜钢筋或斜钢板。斜钢筋或斜钢板还不占用室内使用面积。
高层建筑限制框架水平位移是保证框架安全的非常重要的课题，本实施方式设置的斜钢筋或斜钢板对减少框架在风荷载作用下和水平地震作用下的位移具有重要作用。
但现有框架结构的设计规定或工程实例都没有此技术构造，这是因为不知道有的混凝土有弹性；及不知道利用EPS保温板的弹性，以及不知道哪种胶粘剂有弹性、耐久性还好。
7、实施方式七在建筑周圈形成一种通过EPS板与外叶混凝土面连接的，具有震动滞后效应的，消震减震作用的悬挂体系，都是建筑墙体技术以及建筑抗震技术从来没有的。
建筑抗震是建筑业的重要课题，地震对人民生命财产造成多少灾难？
我们的老祖宗早就告诉我们“以柔克刚”的道理(原理)，但现实应用中很多人就忘了。不将EPS板与基层板材和外部板材形成面连接，就不能发挥EPS板的抗拉强度，以及EPS板以柔克刚、消耗地震作用的能力，就不能形成消震减震作用的悬挂体系。
8、实施方式八在预制板材与建筑主体结构的柱子或还与粱之间安装弹性、可恢复可消震减震，还满足防火要求的材料是现行墙体技术中所没有的，也是现有技术不知道利用一些弹性材料还满足防火要求。
实施方式六～八也是原理性发明创新。因为大家不知道利用EPS板的抗拉性能的原理，不知道利用EPS板的弹性，不知道利用EPS板具有的以柔克刚消耗地震作用能力的原理；不知道面连接就是将“团结就是力量”的原理在工程中应用；不知道用什么胶粘剂可以将各层材料粘结为一体，满足强度要求、适应温度变形要求，耐久性要求。
实施方式六～八不仅是从来没有的，也不是显而易见的。
附图说明
图1是背景技术所述《外挂墙板构造图集》08SJ110-2中第5页表2中第1项外保温墙体墙身构造见图，即为当前外挂混凝土墙板水平接缝安装构造图，接缝中间保温层处没有保温密封材料，接缝是大热桥；且防火性能不好，一旦失火火焰窜入水平接缝内，保温层失火就酿成火灾。
图2是背景技术所述《外挂墙板构造图集》08SJ110-2中第5页表2中第2项夹心保温墙体墙身构造见图，不仅接缝是大热桥，且在接缝处内外叶混凝土连接，又增加了连接的混凝土热桥。
图3是实施方式一的装配式墙体接缝密封安装构造垂直剖面示意图，接缝稍有斜坡排水；还表示实施方式二预制板材的上下端断面上粘贴玄武岩纤维布，还将预制板材上端断面上粘贴的玄武岩纤维布与粱粘结；还表示玄武岩纤维布还粘贴在预制板材的外立面；还表示在预制板材水平接缝的内侧安装聚四氟乙烯薄防水膜。
图4是实施方式一的装配式墙体接缝密封安装构造垂直剖面示意图，接缝为水平，但是也可以保证雨水不进入装配式墙体内。
图5是背景技术所述当前的预制板材都是在窗间墙分拆示意图，包括《外挂墙板构造图集》08SJ110-2中表1的整间板(整间板是含有门窗洞口的预制板材)立面特征简图表示的都是在窗间墙分拆，安装接缝长，安装麻烦。
图6是表示实施方式五预制板材是在门窗洞口内位置分拆加工预制的，分拆图中包括一个门窗洞口，安装时接缝短，安装工作量少，安装方便；还表示实施方式六在预制板材的内还设有斜钢筋或斜钢板，形成对框架平面的支撑体系。
图7是表示实施方式五预制板材是在门窗洞口内位置分拆加工预制的，分拆图中包括二个门窗洞口，安装时接缝比图4又少了50％，安装工程量更大幅度减少，只要运输及吊装条件允许，图5的分拆方法大大提高装配化程度；还表示实施方式六在预制板材的内还设有斜钢筋或斜钢板，斜钢筋或斜钢板通过钢板与建筑主体结构连接，形成对框架平面的支撑体系的立面示意图，图中上下虚线分别表示建筑主体结构的粱下、梁上位置。
图8是表示实施方式六在预制板材的内还设有斜钢筋或斜钢板安装在框架结构上的垂直剖面图，斜钢筋或斜钢板通过钢板与建筑主体结构连接剖面示意图，也表示将预制板材外挂式安装到框架结构外侧时用射钉型塑料锚栓穿过预制板材与粱固定，以及用铁件6将预制板材与粱固定示意图。
图9是表示实施方式二或三中，将玄武岩纤维布安装到外墙或预制板材的外侧，以及安装到门窗洞口的侧面水平剖面示意图。
图10是表示实施方式四中的预制屋面板构造，在预制屋面板保温层2-3的上端缝隙处有防水涂料防水密封，预制屋面板的内叶混凝土为低强度轻质混凝土。
图11是背景技术所述当前被动式节能房的窗口隔热断桥构造，窗户不能离开基层墙体安装，窗口周围仍然还有约50％热桥。
具体实施方式
实施方式一：见图3、图4，本实施方式的一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造，它是由建筑主体结构1、预制板材2及可发性聚乙烯泡沫板或无机保温柔性材料组成；所述建筑主体结构1为各种结构体系的承重构件，所述预制板材2为各种非承重预制板材，预制板材2为包括內叶混凝土2-1、保温层2-3和外叶混凝土2-2形成的预制复合保温墙板或为预制组合保温墙板；所述无机保温柔性材料如硅酸铝针刺毯(毡)或硅酸铝纤维布等；将预制板材2镶嵌式安装在建筑主体结构1的外侧，即预制板材2有一部分如內叶混凝土 安装在框架结构洞口内，其余部分安装在框架洞口外，或者将预制板材2外挂式安装在框架结构的外侧；在预制板材2的水平接缝处或/和垂直接缝处，安装可发性聚乙烯泡沫板或无机保温柔性材料作为水平缝隙的保温密封材料3-1，还可兼作为滑移层。可发性聚乙烯泡沫板防火不好，推荐用硅酸铝针刺毯(毡)或硅酸铝纤维布。水平接缝处及垂直接缝处内外二端还应安装可发性聚乙烯泡沫棒密封防水，接缝室外端有弹性防水密封材料。
本实施方式将背景技术图1所述的当前安装预制板材形成的装配式墙体在接缝保温层处没有保温密封材料，变作在预制板材的水平接缝处或/和垂直接缝处，安装可发性聚乙烯泡沫板或无机保温柔性材料作为水平缝隙的保温密封材料3-1，还可兼作为滑移层，消灭了装配式墙体的预制板材接缝处热桥，对装配式建筑提高节能保温效果，建设低能耗建筑具有意义。特别是保温层2-3为有机保温材料时，不存在图1中防火不好的问题。因此，既具有节能减排意义，还有防火安全的意义。
实施方式二：见图3、图4、图9，本实施方式的一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造，它是由建筑主体结构1、预制板材2及玄武岩纤维布2-4组成；所述建筑主体结构1为各种结构体系的承重构件，所述预制板材2为各种非承重预制板材，如预制板材2为包括內叶混凝土2-1、保温层2-3和外叶混凝土2-2形成的预制复合保温墙板或为预制组合保温墙板，或预制板材2为包括內叶混凝土2-1、保温层2-3的预制保温板材，或预制板材2仅为包括內叶混凝土2-1的板材；所述玄武岩纤维布2-4是是玄武岩纤维布，或是玄武岩纤维与其它无机纤维的混织布，及其它满足耐久性要求、力学性能要求、防火要求的纤维布；
在预制板材2的上端或/和下端断面上粘贴安装有玄武岩纤维布2-4，玄武岩纤维布2-4将预制板材2的各层材料在端部粘结连为一体；或预制板材2下端的玄武岩纤维布2-4还延续到內叶混凝土2-1内侧或/和外叶混凝土外侧，这是因为內叶混凝土2-1下端往往有预埋铁件2-5，需要将预埋铁件2-5用于与建筑主体结构1的粱连接(因为连接构造复杂，与本发明无关，图7中未表示)，预埋铁件2-5是局部安装的铁件，为防止预埋铁件2-5受力较大时预制板材2各层被分开，故可能需要在內叶混凝土2-1下端的内表面有玄武岩纤维布2-4；还因内外叶混凝土厚度较薄时，将玄武岩纤维布2-4再粘贴到内外叶混凝上更安全；
或/和在预制板材2侧面粘贴玄武岩纤维布2-4，将预制板材2各层材料在侧面粘结连为一体，玄武岩纤维布可作为预制板材2的抗剪切箍筋，预制板材2侧面的玄武岩纤维布还是内外叶混凝土的拉接件，对强度低的内外叶混凝土可起到防止破坏的作用，而不必在窗口侧面有钢筋及水泥砂浆层连接，就没有钢筋、水泥大热桥；并可以使低强度混凝土如聚苯混凝土、泡沫混凝土可以预制加工成为大型的预制板材，甚至为含有门窗洞口的大型预制板材、以及形成大型屋面板，对推进装配式建筑、推进建筑产业化；在预制板材的各个断面上粘贴安装高强的玄武岩纤维布，可以替代预制板材内的塑料增强拉接件，增加各层之间连接可靠性，并还有下面说明所述的其它作用；
或进一步地，在门窗口侧边的玄武岩纤维布2-4内安装不燃保温材料3-1(如竖丝岩棉， 对于外墙来说就是横丝岩棉，不增加传热)。
或/和进一步地，在预制板材2侧面粘贴的玄武岩纤维布2-4内预埋钢板30，如为L形防腐薄钢板，将L形钢板30预埋在预制板材2的门窗洞口室外转角处，L形钢板3与玄武岩纤维布2-4的内侧材料粘贴；安装门窗时将门窗离开门窗洞口的內叶混凝土2-1，门窗连接件与玄武岩纤维布2-4内L形钢板30固定，见图5～图7；现在都是将门窗安装在基层墙体的门窗口内，热桥太大，或者移到窗口外贴靠到混凝土墙上安装，还有约50％热桥；形成一种门窗口隔热断桥构造；由图5～图7可见，门窗与门窗口侧面的玄武岩纤维布2-4之间没有抹灰层和拉接钢筋热桥；若门窗安装在玄武岩纤维布2-4外侧的抹灰层上，就有热桥了；只要门窗离开内叶混凝土2-1安装在窗口侧边保温层外的玄武岩纤维布上，就可减少门窗口周边基层墙体流失的热量，就是隔热断桥，但是安装位置不同、隔热断桥效果不同。当窗户安装在接近门窗口侧面外叶混凝土2-2转角端部或接近转角端部，门窗口外侧安装保温装饰线条与L形钢板30固定时，门窗口周边基层墙体的热阻不小于主墙体热阻时，门窗洞口热桥为零；
门窗洞口热桥为零时有多大作用呢？
混凝土外墙外保温时用低价EPS板260mm就能达到节能90％的被动式节能房对墙体传热系数不大于0.15w/m 2.k的要求，比背景技术所述需要的380mmEPS板节约(380-260)/260＝46％！尤其是节约宝贵的土地。这还不包括若不安装玄武岩纤维布时安装其它外墙铁件增加的传热所节约的土地；
本发明与薄抹灰保温墙体比，因减少EPS板的投资以及不需要有窗下型钢和木框等降低外保温造价约200多元/m 2，还降低装配式外墙工程造价、降低外墙幕墙工程造价、降低外墙垂直绿化造价，每项又降低造价分别约100～250元/m 2。特别是外墙垂直绿化可使城市变为森林，减少夏季热岛效应，改善空气质量具有重要意义。
表1是内外叶均为40mm厚聚苯混凝土+10mm厚不小于C20强度等级的水泥砂浆或细石混凝土刚性受力层，中间为EPS板的保温层，各层之间粘结形成面连接时，洞口热桥为零时，墙体平均传热系数表。
表1 框架结构和剪力墙结构的被动式节能房各层材料厚度及墙体总厚度表
Figure PCTCN2018000166-appb-000001
由表1可见轻质装配式夹心外保温墙体可以用薄墙体满足低传热系数的要求。之所以墙体薄，其原因是：1)洞口热桥为“0”，可减薄保温层厚度；2)玄武岩纤维布将预制墙板各层粘结为一体，形成一个共同的受力构件，內叶混凝土可以减薄，若仅仅是拉接件连 接而不是面连接，內叶混凝土需要100mm厚度的普通混凝土，增加厚度50mm；3)内外叶轻质混凝土导热系数较低，约相当于20～30mmEPS板保温。以上三个原因减少装配式墙体厚度，相当于增加容积率2～4％，具有巨大的经济效益。
而且不用玄武岩纤维布不能将轻质混凝土加工为预制墙板，因为起吊、运输等环节都易于破碎，窗口抗剪切不满足要求，窗户无法安装到门窗洞口处。
玄武岩纤维布2-4还安装到以下位置，根据需要选用：
1)玄武岩纤维布2-4还安装在预制板材2的外立面，可替代或部分替代预制板材2外叶混凝土内的钢筋，或/和在预制板材2侧面粘贴的玄武岩纤维布将预制板材2之间的接缝搭接粘结，玄武岩纤维布2-4可形成沿建筑周圈的抗剪切钢箍；或在预制板材2安装到建筑主体结构上以后，在玄武岩纤维布2-4上用结构胶粘贴钢板，外墙附着物与钢板连接；如安装外墙垂直绿化或安装外墙装饰线条、变形缝盖板、遮阳卷帘或太阳能光电薄膜、太阳能光电板等与玄武岩纤维布2-4上粘贴的钢板30连接，及在玄武岩纤维布4上安装装饰大板，都不增加铁件穿过保温层热桥；
或在玄武岩纤维布2-4外面还有装饰层，形成有装饰层的预制墙板或预制保温板；
2)预制板材2上端断面上粘贴的玄武岩纤维布2-4有余量，将玄武岩纤维布2-4的余量与建筑主体结构1的粱上边粘贴(接缝位于楼面时)或与粱侧边粘贴或还有锚栓固定(接缝位于粱外侧面时)。
或/和进一步地，在门窗口侧边的玄武岩纤维布2-4内安装保温材料3-1(如竖丝岩棉，对于外墙来说就是横丝岩棉，不增加传热)，可大幅度提高节能保温墙体防火安全性，造福社会。
说明：
1)在装配式墙体为可滑移的装配式墙体时，预制板材2的上端或/和下端断面上粘贴安装玄武岩纤维布2-4有以下3个作用：
①、玄武岩纤维布2-4将预制板材2的各层材料在上下端部包裹连为一体，增加各层材料连接可靠性，不必担心因各层材料粘结不可靠或内外拉接件拉接不可靠，发生外叶混凝土脱落的危险；不必如图2下半部所示还需要将内外叶混凝土连接形成大热桥，而且预制麻烦。
②、避免可滑移装配式墙体长期滑移时，其中强度较低材料如保温层因摩擦发生破坏。
③、还可以将预制板材2上端断面上粘贴的玄武岩纤维布2-4与建筑主体结构1的粱粘结，成为将预制板材2与建筑主体结构连接的一种构造。
将预制板材2上端断面上粘贴的玄武岩纤维布2-4与建筑主体结构1的粱上部粘结，是一种在楼层处不用铁件将预制板材与粱的连接构造，玄武岩纤维布抗拉强度很高，而且粘贴安装很方便。在将预制板材2与粱下连接时，粱高几十公分，往往还需要将预制板材2上端与粱的上部连接，用玄武岩纤维布2-4与粱上部粘结比安装铁件连接钢方便，而且阻挡室内的赃物、水进入预制板材2与粱的缝隙中。
2)关于玄武岩纤维布
在《水泥混凝土和砂浆用短切玄武岩纤维》GB23265标准中说，玄武岩纤维是以天然火山岩为原料生产加工而成，是一种纯天然绿色纤维。玄武岩纤维具有高的拉伸强度、剪切强度和弹性模量，良好的化学稳定性和热稳定性，抗老化耐酸碱，耐高温和低温和电绝缘、隔音等特性。玄武岩纤维拉伸强度为钢材的数倍甚至可达十几倍。玄武岩纤维延伸率约3～4％，弹性模量是玻璃纤维的1.5～2倍。玄武岩纤维是综合性能最好的材料，玄武岩纤维和玄武岩纤维布的耐久性几乎是无限的，因为其本质上还是玄武岩。但目前玄武岩纤维材料应用面窄，用得最多的是将短切玄武岩纤维添加在沥青混凝土或水泥混凝土中筑路阻裂，还有用环氧树脂将玄武岩纤维粘合做成玄武岩钢筋，用于堤岸等水工工程中，有的玄武岩纤维斜纹布用作箱包。玄武岩纤维还可作为碳纤维的低价替代品用于柱和梁加固，总之目前玄武岩纤维布的用量很少。玄武岩纤维布导热系数0.035～0.04w/m.k，与EPS板一致，所以安装在预制板材的断面上有玄武岩纤维布不是热桥，但是增加了很大的拉接强度，但是用钢筋虽然拉接强度高，可是是热桥，还要求水泥砂浆热桥，窗口侧面和预制板材的各个断面上安装玄武岩纤维布既解决了拉接问题又不是热桥。
本实施方式的预制板材的内外叶混凝土虽然可以为普通重型混凝土，但是安装为非承重墙体时推荐为轻质混凝土，重量轻，降低建筑主体结构造价，减少墙体厚度如表1.
实施方式三：见图9，本实施方式的一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造，它是由墙体1-1或预制板材2及玄武岩纤维布2-4组成；所述墙体1-1为各种墙体，如浇筑的混凝土墙、砌筑的墙体、承重墙体或框架结构上的非承重墙体，所述墙体1-1为有保温层的墙体或没有保温层的墙体；将玄武岩纤维布2-4安装到墙体1-1或预制板材2的门窗洞口侧面。在墙体1-1或预制板材2的门窗洞口侧面粘贴安装玄武岩纤维布2-4安对于砌筑的墙体可以大大提高窗间墙的抗剪切强度，提高其地震或大风时的安全性；同实施方式二一样可形成门窗洞口隔热断桥构造，具有巨大的节约土地、提高容积率的意义；
或进一步地，在门窗口侧边的玄武岩纤维布2-4内安装不燃保温材料3-1(如竖丝岩棉，对于外墙来说就是横丝岩棉，不增加传热)。
实施方式四：见图10，本实施方式的一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造，它是由预制板材2及玄武岩纤维布2-4组成，所述预制板材2为预制屋面板；所述玄武岩纤维布2-4是玄武岩纤维布，或是玄武岩纤维与其它无机纤维的混织布，及其它满足耐久性要求、力学性能要求、防火要求的纤维布；将玄武岩纤维布2-4安装在预制屋面板底部，替代或部分替代预制屋面板下部混凝土内的钢筋，或还安装到预制屋面板出屋面洞口的侧面，增强洞口抗剪切承载力，玄武岩纤维布2-4在屋面板洞口侧面就是装配式屋面在出屋面洞口的钢箍；所述预制屋面板底部的混凝土为低强度轻质混凝土，如为泡沫混凝土、珍珠混凝土、聚苯混凝土等，低强度轻质混凝土最下部有厚10～20mm普通细石混凝土或水泥砂浆为宜，可以提高预制屋面板的刚度，减小变形，图10中最下部很薄的一层表示有水泥砂浆；
或在预制屋面板的低强度轻质混凝土上还安装保温层2-3，安装有机保温层可提高屋 面板的节能保温效果；或在预制屋面板的有机保温层接缝处涂刷防水涂料2-4，或者涂刷防水涂料时在接缝处还粘贴聚酯无纺布，形成屋面板的自身防水，可作为屋面第一道防水；或在预制屋面板的保温层上涂刷胶粘剂，浇筑屋面细石混凝土保护层2-5，屋面细石混凝土保护层2-5内配有钢筋，或者安装玄武岩纤维布或玄武岩纤维网格布替代钢筋；
形成大型预制屋面板；
将预制屋面板安装到建筑主体结构的屋面粱上时，预制屋面板接缝处将弹性有机保温层(如EPS板)相互挤紧粘贴(预制时EPS板稍稍加宽一点)，并涂刷防水涂料防水；预制屋面板上部与女儿墙等突出部位填塞保温板薄片，涂刷防水涂料防水；
在预制屋面板底部的低强度轻质混凝土缝隙处抹水泥聚合物砂浆粘贴，再用预留的玄武岩纤维布2-4的余量将预制屋面板之间的接缝搭接粘结，连为一体；
预制屋面板上部与相邻预制屋面板缝隙处的细石混凝土保护层预留上部钢筋或上部玄武岩纤维布或玄武岩纤维网格布之间的用于搭接连接的长度；将预制屋面板上部的钢筋或玄武岩纤维布或玄武岩纤维网格布连接后，再浇筑补齐接缝处上部细石混凝土保护层。
本实施方式可以将低强度轻质混凝土连为一体，形成大型预制屋面板，对安装装配式屋面具有重要意义。
实施方式五：见图4、图5，本实施方式的一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造，它是由建筑主体结构1及预制板材2组成；所述建筑主体结构1为各种结构体系的承重构件；所述预制板材2为各种非承重预制板材，预制板材2为包括內叶混凝土2-1、保温层2-3和外叶混凝土2-2形成的预制复合保温墙板或为预制组合保温墙板，或预制板材2也可以是不带有保温层的预制板材；将预制板材2镶嵌式安装在建筑主体结构1的外侧，即预制板材2有一部分如內叶混凝土安装在框架结构洞口内，其余部分安装在框架洞口外，或者将预制板材2外挂式安装在框架结构的外侧；所述预制板材2是在门窗洞口内位置分拆加工预制的，安装时将预制板材2与建筑主体结构1固定后，再将预制板材2位于门窗洞口内位置处的分拆部位连接，及将上下预制板材2的水平接缝连接。
实施方式六：见图4、图6，本实施方式的一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造，它是由建筑主体结构1、预制板材2及斜钢筋或斜钢板2-6组成；所述建筑主体结构1为各种结构体系的承重构件；所述预制板材2为各种非承重预制板材，预制板材2为包括內叶混凝土2-1、保温层2-3和外叶混凝土2-2形成的预制复合保温墙板或为预制组合保温墙板；所述保温层2-3为弹性保温层，如EPS板有非常好的弹性，而聚氨酯板是硬泡并随着时间进一步变脆、变硬，挤塑板是硬塑，无机发泡材料等都不具有弹性；在弹性保温层2-3上有凹槽，斜钢筋或斜钢板2-6位于弹性保温层2-3的凹槽内，用可适应变形的弹性胶粘剂粘结；或所述预制板材的內叶混凝土为具有一定弹性的混凝土，斜钢筋或斜钢板位于弹性內叶混凝土2-1内，用可适应变形的弹性胶粘剂粘结；斜钢筋或斜钢板2-6与预制板材2内的钢板2-7连接，如钢板2-7为厚钢板，钢板2-7的厚钢板与建筑主体结构1的梁上铁件1-1通过连接铁件(如图6所示角钢6)连接，即斜钢筋或斜钢板2-6通过钢板2-7与建 筑主体结构1连接，装配式墙体形成对框架平面的支撑体系；本实施方式的斜钢筋或斜钢板2-6位于具有弹性的內叶混凝土2-1内(如聚苯混凝土内)，或位于EPS板的凹槽内，斜钢筋或斜钢板2-6受力时不会使內叶混凝土2-1或保温层破坏。
本实施方式在预制板材2安装斜钢筋或斜钢板对高层建筑限制建筑主体结构位移具有重要意义，但是斜钢筋或斜钢板不占用建筑空间，还不会破坏预制板材。
推荐预制板材层层面连接所用胶粘剂，以及本实施方式在凹槽内安装斜钢筋或斜钢板所用胶粘剂，选用聚丙烯酸酯乳液，或还加入粉体等材料配制的聚合物粘结剂。聚丙烯酸酯乳液与各种材料相容性好，在不受太阳照射条件下，耐久年限不少于50年。当前有满足玻璃化温度-50℃的水泥基聚丙烯酸酯乳液，可满足最低温度条件下弹性要求。所述胶粘剂还要能满足在蒸汽养生条件温度下不破坏。
实施方式七：本实施方式的一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造，它是由建筑主体结构1及预制板材2组成；所述预制板材2为包括內叶混凝土2-1、保温层2-3和外叶混凝土2-2形成的预制复合保温墙板；预制板材2的保温层2-3为EPS板或为具有与EPS板相同性能的保温材料，所述保温层2-3具有与EPS板相同性能是指燃烧性能要求、弹性要求、耐久性要求及抗拉强度要求与EPS板相同或接近(科学不断发展，可能出现新的保温材料其性能在上述诸方面满足要求)；EPS板与內叶混凝土2-1、外叶混凝土2-2之间为面连接；将预制板材2安装在建筑主体结构1上，包括镶嵌式安装在建筑主体结构1的外侧，或将预制板材2外挂式安装在框架结构的外侧；利用EPS板抗拉强度，在建筑周圈形成一种通过EPS板与内外叶混凝土面连接的，具有震动滞后效应的，消震减震作用的悬挂体系。
本实施方式是发挥EPS板抗拉强度以及以柔克刚的能力。EPS板弹性模量很小，振动波的传递速度很慢，振动频率远远小于建筑主体结构的振动频率，自震周期很长，对冲击能量吸收快，具有最好的以柔克刚吸收地震作用的能力。EPS板重量极轻但具有的抗拉能力(≥0.1MPa)完全可满足与内外叶混凝土可靠连接的要求。使外叶混凝土的震动频率自然远远小于建筑主体结构的振动频率，形成一种滞后效应，抵消地震作用和风震作用，对建筑抗震和抗风有重要作用。
实施方式八：本实施方式的一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造，它是由建筑主体结构1及预制板材2以及弹性的、可恢复可消震减震性能的，还满足防火要求的材料组成(未画图表示)；所述建筑主体结构1为各种结构体系的承重构件；所述预制板材2为各种非承重预制板材，预制板材2为包括內叶混凝土2-1、保温层2-3和外叶混凝土2-2形成的预制复合保温墙板或为预制组合保温墙板，或预制板材为包括內叶混凝土、保温层的预制保温板，或预制板材是不带有保温层的预制板材；或预制板材2也可以是不带有保温层的预制板材；将预制板材2外挂式安装在框架结构的外侧，预制板材2距离建筑主体结构1的梁柱有一定距离(约为几公分)，将预制板材2安装为框架结构外侧外挂的装配式墙体；
所述预制板材2与建筑主体结构1的柱子或还与粱之间的空隙处安装弹性、可恢复可消震减震，还满足防火要求的材料，并与柱子或还有粱连接(如粘结)。例如柱外侧安装有一定弹性满足防火要求聚苯颗粒混凝土，或者在柱外侧的中部安装EPS板边缘安装聚苯颗粒混凝土(弹性更好，也可以满足防火要求，适用于柱子断面较宽的情况)。
本实施方式通过在柱子外侧与预制板材之间安装安装弹性、可恢复可消震减震，还满足防火要求的材料，起到减小柱子振动频率、消震减震的作用。
实施方式八：本实施方式的一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造，它是由外保温墙体和外保温屋面(或称上保温屋面)组成；所述外保温墙体包括基层墙体或外挂的预制板材的內叶混凝土、外保温墙体的保温层和外保护层，所述外保温屋面包括屋面结构层上的屋面保温层、屋面混凝土保护层(可能还包括防水层)；所述外保温墙体的保温层与屋面保温层连续；屋面混凝土保护层及屋面挑檐板都不与室内直接贯通，涂刷胶粘剂将屋面混凝土保护层与保温层粘结，在屋面混凝土保护层上用结构胶粘贴钢板，斜屋面(包括混凝土斜屋面或钢屋架斜屋面)与钢板连接形成斜屋面；或者在钢板上安装混凝土女儿墙、混凝土艺术栏杆形成平屋顶，就不用在混凝土女儿墙前后和上部绕圈外保温了，减少工程量；形成一种节能保温屋面与节能保温外墙连接的隔热断桥构造。
例如在平屋顶时，外保温墙体的外保护层上有玄武岩纤维布，将外墙顶部的玄武岩纤维布还粘贴到屋面混凝土保护层上，更增加连接可靠性。
现在的斜屋面无论是混凝土屋面还是钢屋面，都没有办法将斜屋面挑檐板与室内断开，使斜屋面板和钢屋面成为大热桥。本实施方式消灭了这个大热桥，对提高节能保温效果，特别是对顶层建筑的节能保温效果具有意义。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造，它包括建筑主体结构及预制板材；其特征在于，它还包括可发性聚乙烯泡沫板或无机保温柔性材料；所述预制板材包括內叶混凝土、保温层和外叶混凝土形成的预制复合保温墙板或为预制组合保温墙板；将预制板材镶嵌式安装在建筑主体结构的外侧，或者将预制板材外挂式安装在框架结构的外侧；在预制板材的水平接缝处或/和垂直接缝处，安装可发性聚乙烯泡沫板或无机保温柔性材料密封，形成一种在框架结构上的装配式墙体的接缝密封安装构造。
  2. 一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造，它包括预制板材；其特征在于，它还包括玄武岩纤维布；所述预制板材为各种非承重预制板材；在预制板材的上端或/和下端断面上粘贴安装有玄武岩纤维布，或预制板材下端的玄武岩纤维布还延续到內叶混凝土内侧或/和外叶混凝土外侧；或/和在预制板材侧面粘贴玄武岩纤维布，或/和在预制板材侧面粘贴玄武岩纤维布。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造，其特征在于，它还包括预埋钢板，在预制板材侧面粘贴的玄武岩纤维布内预埋钢板，钢板与玄武岩纤维布的内侧材料粘贴；安装门窗时将门窗离开门窗洞口的內叶混凝土，门窗连接件与玄武岩纤维布内钢板固定，形成一种门窗口隔热断桥构造。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造，其特征在于，玄武岩纤维布还安装到以下位置，根据需要选用，
    1)玄武岩纤维布还安装在预制板材的外立面，或在玄武岩纤维布外面还有装饰层；或/和在预制板材侧面粘贴的玄武岩纤维布将预制板材之间的接缝搭接粘结；或在预制板材安装到建筑主体结构上以后，在玄武岩纤维布上用结构胶粘贴钢板，外墙附着物与钢板连接。
    2)预制板材上端断面上粘贴的玄武岩纤维布有余量，将玄武岩纤维布的余量与建筑主体结构的粱上边粘贴或与粱侧边粘贴或还有锚栓固定。
  5. 一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造，它包括墙体或预制板材；其特征在于，它还包括玄武岩纤维布；将玄武岩纤维布粘贴安装到墙体或预制板材的门窗洞口侧面；或在门窗口侧边的玄武岩纤维布内还安装不燃保温材料。
  6. 一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造，它包括预制板材；其特征在于，它还包括玄武岩纤维布；所述预制板材为预制屋面板；将玄武岩纤维布安装在预制屋面板底部，或还安装到预制屋面板出屋面洞口的侧面；所述预制屋面板底部的混凝土为低强度轻质混凝土；或在预制屋面板的低强度轻质混凝土上还安装保温；或在预制屋面板的有机保温层 接缝处涂刷防水涂料，或者涂刷防水涂料时在接缝处还粘贴聚酯无纺布，形成屋面板的自身防水；或在预制屋面板的保温层上涂刷胶粘剂，浇筑屋面细石混凝土保护层，屋面细石混凝土保护层内配有钢筋，或者安装玄武岩纤维布或玄武岩纤维网格布替代钢筋。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造，其特征在于，它还包括建筑主体结构；将预制屋面板安装到建筑主体结构的屋面粱上时，预制屋面板接缝处将弹性有机保温层相互挤紧粘贴并涂刷防水涂料，预制屋面板上部与女儿墙等突出部位填塞保温板薄片，涂刷防水涂料防水；
    在预制屋面板底部的低强度轻质混凝土缝隙处抹水泥聚合物砂浆粘贴，再用预留的玄武岩纤维布的余量将预制屋面板之间的接缝搭接粘结；
    预制屋面板上部与相邻预制屋面板缝隙处的细石混凝土保护层预留上部钢筋或上部玄武岩纤维布或玄武岩纤维网格布之间用于搭接连接的长度；将预制屋面板上部的钢筋或玄武岩纤维布或玄武岩纤维网格布连接后，再浇筑补齐接缝处上部细石混凝土保护层。
  8. 一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造，它包括建筑主体结构及预制板材；所述预制板材包括內叶混凝土、保温层和外叶混凝土形成的预制复合保温墙板或为预制组合保温墙板，或预制板材为不带有保温层的预制板材；其特征在于，所述预制板材是在门窗洞口内位置分拆加工预制的，安装时将预制板材与建筑主体结构固定后，再将预制板材位于门窗洞口内位置处的分拆部位连接，以及将上下预制板材的水平接缝连接。
  9. 一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造，它包括建筑主体结构、预制板材；其特征在于，它还包括斜钢筋或斜钢板；
    所述建筑主体结构为各种框架结构或框架剪力墙结构；所述预制板材为各种非承重预制板材，预制板材为包括內叶混凝土、保温层和外叶混凝土形成的预制复合保温墙板或为预制组合保温墙板；所述保温层为弹性保温层，在弹性保温层上有凹槽，斜钢筋或斜钢板位于弹性保温层的凹槽内，用可适应变形的弹性胶粘剂粘贴；或所述预制板材的內叶混凝土为具有一定弹性的混凝土，斜钢筋或斜钢板位于弹性內叶混凝土内，用可适应变形的弹性胶粘剂粘结；斜钢筋或斜钢板与预制板材内的钢件连接，钢件与建筑主体结构的梁上铁件通过连接铁件连接，装配式墙体形成对框架平面的支撑体系。
  10. 一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造，它包括建筑主体结构及预制板材；所述建筑主体结构为各种框架结构或框架剪力墙结构；所述预制板材为各种非承重预制板材；所述预制板材包括內叶混凝土、保温层和外叶混凝土形成的预制复合保温墙板；将预制板材安装在建筑主体结构上；
    其特征在于，所述预制板材的保温层为EPS板或为具有与EPS板相同性能的保温材料；EPS板与內叶混凝土、外叶混凝土之间为面连接，利用EPS板抗拉强度，在建筑周圈形成 一种通过EPS板内外叶混凝土面连接的，具有震动滞后效应的，消震减震作用的悬挂体系。
  11. 一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造，它包括建筑主体结构及预制板材；其特征在于，它还包括弹性、可恢复可消震减震，还满足防火要求的材料；
    所述建筑主体结构为各种框架结构或框架剪力墙结构；所述预制板材为各种非承重预制板材，预制板材为包括內叶混凝土、保温层和外叶混凝土形成的预制复合保温墙板或为预制组合保温墙板，或预制板材是不带有保温层的预制板材；将预制板材安装为外挂可滑移式的装配式墙体；预制板材与建筑主体结构的柱子或还与粱之间安装弹性、可恢复可消震减震，还满足防火要求的材料，并与柱子或还有粱连接。
  12. 一种建筑围护结构构造或/和预制板材构造，它包括外保温墙体和外保温屋面；所述外保温墙体包括基层墙体保温屋面包括屋面结构层上的屋面保温层、屋面混凝土保护层；其特征在于，所述外保温墙体的保温层与屋面保温层连续；屋面混凝土保护层及屋面挑檐板都不与室内直接贯通，在屋面混凝土保护层上用结构胶粘贴钢板，斜屋面与钢板连接形成斜屋面；或者在钢板上安装混凝土女儿墙、混凝土艺术栏杆形成平屋顶；形成一种建筑围护结构的节能保温屋面与节能保温外墙连接的隔热断桥构造。
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