WO2018201262A1 - Método y sistema para producir energía mecánica a partir del calor ambiental - Google Patents
Método y sistema para producir energía mecánica a partir del calor ambiental Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018201262A1 WO2018201262A1 PCT/CL2018/000012 CL2018000012W WO2018201262A1 WO 2018201262 A1 WO2018201262 A1 WO 2018201262A1 CL 2018000012 W CL2018000012 W CL 2018000012W WO 2018201262 A1 WO2018201262 A1 WO 2018201262A1
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- fluid
- state
- pressure
- piston
- mechanical energy
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B23/00—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/04—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for the fluid being in different phases, e.g. foamed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
- F03G7/045—Environmental heat plants or OTEC plants using an Organic Rankine Cycle [ORC] or a Kalina Cycle
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat transfer system of the environment, through a closed cylinder / piston system, in whose closed chamber there is a fluid that is sensitive to the temperature change outside said chamber, wherein said fluid It changes state when the temperature of the environment changes. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing mechanical energy from ambient heat and a system for executing said method, usable for generating electrical energy through the operation of electromechanical equipment.
- Tidal energy as a source to be used presents risks against the subsistence of marine fauna, and in need of minimum conditions of tidal amplitude, restricts the possibilities of location of producing plants. Also, a general restrictive condition is given by the need to have maritime costs for the installation of plants.
- Hydroelectric power requires the existence of adequate rivers or bodies of water, with an indispensable minimum flow for the production of energy on an industrial scale.
- Nuclear energy uses highly polluting sources, produces radioactive waste that is difficult to handle and dispose of.
- the safe location of energy producing plants requires special conditions of ground stability.
- Plants that use solar radiation as a source require low slope terrain and oriented in the southern hemisphere to the north and vice versa.
- the method proposed in the present application addresses the need to locate energy producing plants in any available place, subject only to the existence of a thermal oscillation and high pressures, within appropriate parameters, since its ease of location exceeds the limitations that affect the production of electric energy that uses wind, geothermal, tidal, hydroelectric, nuclear, thermosolar and photovoltaic sources as sources, and that which comes from the use of fossil fuels.
- circuit a confined circuit
- circuit a confined circuit
- the system also includes a supporting structure composed of beams and pillars to support the pipes.
- WO 2016/186572 discloses a machine that takes advantage of ambient heat or waste heat and generates renewable energy with cold energy as a byproduct using a closed circuit carbon dioxide working fluid.
- the machine is known as an ambient heat engine that comprises an expander to reduce the temperature of a fluid; a low pressure heat exchanger connected to the expander to ensure that the fluid remains in a fluidized state; a hydraulic motor additionally connected to the low pressure heat exchanger to convert the hydraulic pressure of the fluid that receives energy from at least ambient heat or of low quality and fluid flow into displacement; and a high pressure heat exchanger to reheat the fluid by ambient heat to prevent freezing.
- the expander, the low pressure heat exchanger, the hydraulic motor and the high pressure heat exchanger are connected together forming a closed circuit to circulate the fluid.
- US 2014/053544 discloses a thermal engine system comprising a first heat exchanger, an expander, a second heat exchanger and a valve assembly.
- the first heat exchanger is in communication with a heat source to heat a working fluid inside.
- the expander is downstream of the first heat exchanger and is in communication with it to receive the thermal working fluid.
- the second heat exchanger is downstream of the expander and in communication with it to cool the working fluid received from it.
- the valve assembly is in communication with the second heat exchanger and the expander to provide selective injection of the expander with cooled working fluid of the second heat exchanger.
- US 2012/288391 discloses a thermal engine that has a housing.
- a generally triangular shaped rotor can drive a travel crank when it rotates eccentrically inside the housing.
- Two inlets with valves and two exhaust pipes are provided.
- the volume between each rotor face and the housing defines three expansion chambers.
- Six power cycles (one for each expansion chamber in two inputs) are provided per revolution of the rotor.
- Each valve controls the length of time that high pressure gas is allowed to enter each expansion chamber.
- the valves are controlled by a processor and close when sufficient pressure is supplied so that the pressures inside and outside the expansion chamber are equal when the chamber is fully expanded just before the escape.
- the gates can provide a mechanical advantage to the rotor by reducing the amount of pressure applied to the back side of the fulcrum.
- US 3,774,397 discloses a heat engine substantially free of contamination that uses steam as a working fluid and that can be operated in a cycle that approximates a Rankine cycle.
- the engine includes a light-weight, small boiler expander and condenser system, highly efficient, using advanced material technology to achieve maximum system operating temperatures of approximately 1200 ° F and operating pressures of up to 3,500 psi.
- the engine is especially suitable for use in motor vehicles and is capable of quick starting to produce 65 percent of the maximum power in 45 seconds or less.
- the engine provides an inactive mode of operation for driving vehicle accessories and the like and is also sensitive to produce rapid changes in power required for acceleration and heavy pulls on steep slopes.
- the present invention consists of a method for producing mechanical energy from ambient heat and a system for executing said method, usable to generate electrical energy through the operation of electromechanical equipment.
- the proposed solution is based on using the ambient heat, in combination with pressure variations, in order to cause the change of state of the fluid, which in the case of carbon dioxide from now on "C0 2 ", subjected to high pressures within a closed circuit, changes from its gaseous state to the liquid or partially liquid states and vice versa, supercritical fluid state to the solid or partially solid states and vice versa, and gaseous state to the supercritical fluid states and vice versa, which in the case of water, preferably distilled water, hereinafter "water”, subjected to high pressures within a closed circuit, changes from its liquid state to solid or partially solid states such as "Ice II, or Ice III, or Ice V, or Ice VI, or Ice VII "and vice versa, substance that will be transformed into one or the other depending on the temperature reached due to the state of equilibrium to which the system tends; that is, the tendency of this fluid to reach or equalize the ambient temperature caused by a heat transfer heat process.
- the method implies the variation of pressure on the circuit, so as to
- the system works in a temperature sensitive area that can be seen in the Pressure / Temperature graph. If you have a closed cylinder / piston system and the ambient temperature drops, the system absorbs heat from the environment, in the case of the change from liquid to gaseous state, vaporizing, whereby the system expands by traveling the piston a distance "L" causing mechanical work ..
- the temperature and pressure of the fluid are below the curve (Vaporization / Condensation), and the ambient temperature increases or decreases, the change of state of liquid to gas will occur. The same is true for the change in the state of gas to liquid but the pressure and temperature must be above the Vaporization / Condensation curve.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic view of the cylinder / piston system where the ambient temperature is at a higher temperature than the of the fluid inside the circuit, the expansion of the system is appreciated, a product that absorbs heat "Q" from the environment.
- Figure 2 shows a schematic view of the cylinder / piston system of Figure 1 where the piston has been connected to a unidirectional brake booster or an electronically actuated unidirectional valve or the like to stop its stroke.
- Figure 3 shows a schematic view of the cylinder / piston system, where the piston is compressing and the ambient temperature is at a higher temperature than the fluid inside the circuit, it gives heat "Q" to the environment, in the case where The system is changing from liquid to solid, causing the generation of the solid.
- Figure 4 shows a schematic view of the cylinder / piston system, where the piston is released, and in the event that the ambient temperature is at a higher temperature than that of the fluid inside the circuit it absorbs heat "Q" from the environment, given that the fluid is melting.
- the figure shows a schematic view of the cylinder / piston system of Figure 4 where the piston has been connected to a brake booster or an electrically operated unidirectional valve to stop its stroke, and thus start a new cycle with the support of other components of the unit of force
- Figure 6 shows an enlarged graph Pressure Water temperature in the sensitive area where the system moves in the ice zone Ih, II, III, V and VI.
- Figure 7 shows a Water Pressure / Temperature graph in the sensitive area where the system moves in the ice zone Ih, II, III, V, VI and VII.
- Figure 8 shows a Pressure / Temperature graph of CO2 carbon dioxide.
- Figure 9 shows a schematic view of the cylinder / piston system where the chamber is connected by pipes to a plurality of capillary pipes.
- Figure 10 shows a schematic front elevation view of an embodiment of a plant for power generation, according to the present invention.
- Figure 11 shows a schematic plan view of an embodiment of a plant for power generation, according to the present invention.
- Figure 12 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a plant for power generation, according to the present invention.
- Figure 13 shows a graph with the change of state when the fluid is at a higher temperature than the ambient temperature.
- Figure 14 shows a graph with the change of state when the fluid is at a lower temperature than the ambient temperature.
- Figure 15 shows a schematic view of two cylinder / piston systems connected through a force unit.
- Figure 16 shows a schematic view of a cylinder / piston system connected through a force unit.
- Figure 17 shows a schematic view of a cylinder / piston system inserted into the linear intensifier pump type unit or the like together with two circuits.
- the present invention consists of a method for producing mechanical energy from ambient heat and a system for executing said method, usable to generate electrical energy through the operation of electromechanical equipment.
- the present invention operates on the basis of heat exchange from the atmosphere to the chamber (5) of a cylinder system (1) piston (2).
- the chamber (5) has reached a pressure as an example greater than 7 Pa according to that shown in graphs 6, 7 and 8, generating in said chamber (5) liquid or supercritical fluid.
- a heat exchange occurs, wherein the chamber (5) absorbs heat from the environment when said fluid melts.
- W mechanical work
- an electronically operated unidirectional brake booster (26) is connected to the piston 2, which stops it.
- the chamber (5) absorbs heat, but since the piston is braked, the pressure rises the vapor begins to transform into liquid, as shown in Figure 3.
- the brake booster is released and said chamber absorbs heat from the environment by vaporizing the liquid as shown in figure 4.
- the piston (2) moves outwards a distance "L", causing mechanical work (W) that is used to generate electrical energy.
- W mechanical work
- the piston is braked again with a brake booster or the like, to cause the increase in the pressure in the chamber (5) process also supported by the force unit (10), as seen in Figure 5, Figure 16 and figure 17, thus generating a work cycle.
- the brake booster, or unidirectional valve, or similar electronically operated can be connected both by giving up or absorbing heat by the system, it can work at all times, especially if there is a parallel system that operates in reverse. That is, heat can be yielded and cause mechanical work (ice Ih) or heat absorption and cause mechanical work.
- the chamber (5) formed by the cylinder (1) and the piston (2) increases its volume through a pipe (6) that connected to a plurality of pipes or pipes with plates (8) being able to be these capillaries or the like, increases the heat transfer surface.
- the basis of this invention is to use the ambient heat in combination with pressure variations, so that when the state of the fluid changes, a heat transfer occurs, which in the case of water, preferably distilled water, hereafter " water "is subjected to high pressures within a circuit: chamber (5), pipe (6) and pipes or plates (8) being able to be these capillaries or the like.
- the indicated process together with the action of the electronically operated unidirectional valves (26) or the like applied to the piston, prevents it from being returned and leaves it at its minimum travel point with the support of other components of the force unit (10) such as a hydraulic pump (32) or the like, producing during the contraction a change in the state of water from a liquid state to a solid state (ice Ih, or ice II, or ice III, or ice V, or ice VI, or ice VII as the case may be), because the unidirectional brake booster, or unidirectional valve, or the like operated electronically prevents water from dilate when it is in a partially liquid phase, since the Water will push the piston without being able to displace it, causing an increase in pressure that crosses the melting / solidification curve ( Figures 6 and 7) and this begins its solidification process.
- the water decreases its volume due to partial solidification, which causes a displacement of the piston with the support of the force unit (10) and a decrease in pressure, which in turn causes the water it is again under the curve and the process is repeated again until the water is completely or almost completely compressed in a solid state, always with the support of the hydraulic pump or the like.
- the method implies the variation of pressure on the circuit, so as to take advantage of the changes of state that a fluid undergoes at different temperatures in correlation with different pressures.
- the units of force in combination with the heat transfer heat process, vary the internal pressure of the circuit and thereby change the state of the fluid.
- the system is conceptualized to operate using any fluid, be it gas or liquid, being able to be in a gaseous state, liquid or supercritical and solid fluid, whose Vaporization or Condensation, fusion or solidification curves are below 2465 Mpa and between temperatures of -50 ° C and 90 ° C. Also being able to function in the case of the change of state between the solid states of water known as ice Ih, ice II, ice III, ice V, ice VI, ice VI or ice VIII at pressures below 2465 Mpa.
- the method presented is suitable for extracting energy from ambient heat, which can be used in energy producing plants, and can be built or installed in any geographical location, either outdoors or inside buildings, where there is access to a minimum thermal oscillation, provided that the parameters of the fluid that will be introduced into a confined circuit, do not fall below a certain pressure, while the maximum temperature will be conditioned by the maximum design pressure, not having to exceed predetermined minimum and maximum limits.
- An embodiment of the invention and its respective system, which contemplates the use of a fluid may be water, preferably distilled water, the proposed method operating as follows:
- Water is introduced into one or more sealed chambers (5), subjecting it to high pressure, in the case of transforming to solid known as ice II typically greater than 212 Mpa and exposed to room temperature, which typically must be equal or higher at -50 ° C, -24 ° C in the case of transforming from ice III to liquid and vice versa, while the maximum temperature inside the system will be conditioned by the maximum design pressure, which for the purposes of its industrial application, the pressure must not exceed 2465 Mpa, at a temperature not exceeding + 90 ° C. And the minimum pressure within the system for this case will typically be greater 0.13 MPa in the case of transforming solid to liquid and vice versa.
- the pressure is controlled in such a way as to cause the change in the state of the water, from the liquid state to the solid state known as Ice Ih, Ice II, or Ice III, or Ice V, or Ice VI, o Ice VII and vice versa.
- These changes of state produce a change in water density, alternatively causing contractions aided by a unit of force and dilations, with the latter a work (W) that moves a piston or similar device is produced, obtaining adequate mechanical energy to move an axis or similar, through a device useful for it, connected to electromechanical elements that transform mechanical energy into electrical energy.
- the camera (5); the pipe (6) and the pipes (8), or capillary pipes (8) or the like are transformed into a closed circuit and are composed of "n" number of pipes or circuits inscribed in block, or similar, being able to "n" be greater than or equal to 1, which can take complex forms by way of example, spiral, zig-zig, describing undulations, and of variable length, the greater the amount of energy to be transferred per circuit, the longer it is and on the contrary, if you want to get less energy, the circuit will be shorter.
- the circuit walls are composed of a material that has resistance and thermal conductivity, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene nanotubes, carbon, graphene, iron, steel, titanium, copper, among other materials, with wall thicknesses (6) necessary for withstand the maximum design pressures of the system, exposing the circuit at room temperature, water temperature that must be equal to or greater than -50 ° C, and pressurizing it in the case of transforming to solid known as ice II typically greater than 212 Mpa, the minimum pressure within the system will typically be greater 0.13 Mpa and in the case of causing the change of water status from liquid to gaseous and vice versa or from solid to gaseous and vice versa the temperatures may be between -50 ° C and 90 ° C with pressures between 1 Pass and 0.13 Mpa, for all cases, all pressurizing it, through one or more units of force (10), installed at one end of the circuit, in the ca If a linear intensifier pump is used ( Figure 17) or similar, the piston will be inside this force unit.
- the unit of force is composed of: an apparatus that can increase or decrease the internal pressure of the circuit, be it a piston, plunger (27), hydraulic cylinder piston, a pressurizing pump, hydraulic pump (32), linear intensifying pump, rotary pump Direct drive, or the like, engine electric (28), directional control valve (29) or other, in addition to other components such as electronically actuated actuators and brake boosters, fill valve (33), relief valve or similar, hydraulic fluid tank (28), each of the units connected to the control system (11).
- an apparatus that can increase or decrease the internal pressure of the circuit, be it a piston, plunger (27), hydraulic cylinder piston, a pressurizing pump, hydraulic pump (32), linear intensifying pump, rotary pump Direct drive, or the like, engine electric (28), directional control valve (29) or other, in addition to other components such as electronically actuated actuators and brake boosters, fill valve (33), relief valve or similar, hydraulic fluid tank (28), each of the units connected to the control system (11).
- This system controls the pressure and contraction in such a way as to cause a change in the state of the water, from the liquid state to the solid or partially solid state (Ice Ih, Ice III, or Ice V, or Ice VI, or Ice VII) , as the case may be at different temperatures; Likewise, if the pressure is controlled in such a way as to obtain the expansion of the water, it will undergo the change of state in the opposite direction. These changes of state produce a change in water density (3), alternatively causing its contraction with the help of a unit of force and expansion that moves a piston (2), producing a heat transfer that can be absorbed as yielding heat. In addition, the control system controls the auxiliary equipment (9).
- the method is based on certain values and their correlations to cause changes in the state of the water (3), considering different pressures that are required based on its internal temperature, both measured with one or more sensors, and which are controlled through a control system which controls the operation of the force units (figures 16 and 17), auxiliary equipment (9) and electromechanical equipment, all connected through wired and wireless circuits.
- the correlation between the pressure and the temperature required within the circuit to obtain the change of state of the water (3) and its variations and correlations is the following, in which the limit from which the change of state occurs is shown , the missing ones are found in references [1] [2] [7] [8], for the case of solid to gaseous see reference [9]:
- Ln (P (VII) / 2216) 1,73683 x (1 - ((T ° + 273.15) / 355)) - 0.0544606 x (1 - ((T ° + 273, 15) / 355) ⁇ 5) + 0.806106x10 ⁇ -7 x (1 - ((T ° + 273.15) / 355) ⁇ 22).
- Ln (P (VII) / 2216) 1, 73683 x (1 - ((T ° + 273.15) / 355)) - 0.0544606 x (1- (( ⁇ ° + 273.15) / 355) ⁇ 5) + 0.806106 ⁇ 10 ⁇ -7 x (1 - (( ⁇ ° + 273.15) / 355) ⁇ 22).
- T ° are in degrees Celsius (° C) and pressures in Megapascals (Mpa).
- Mpa Megapascals
- the internal pressure has to vary between a pressure greater than that determined by the curve and a lower pressure to it, which causes a thermal process of heat transfer, which produces changes in state.
- the system allows to obtain changes of state from solid to liquid and vice versa, its gaseous state to its liquid state or supercritical fluid and vice versa, its gaseous state to its solid state and vice versa, from its liquid state or supercritical fluid to solid and vice versa, such as also between solid water states known as ice VII or ice VIII to ice VI and vice versa, ice Ih to ice III and vice versa, ice VI to ice V and vice versa, ice II to ice III and vice versa, ice II to ice Ih and vice versa, also being able to obtain changes of state going from ice II, or ice III, or ice V, or ice VI to liquid and then from liquid to ice Ih and vice versa.
- changes of state can be partial, so that the system allows to obtain changes of state from solid or partially solid to liquid or partially liquid and vice versa, gaseous or partially gaseous and liquid or partially liquid and vice versa. The same with other changes of state.
- This system can be used by connecting one, or two, or more confined circuits connected by one, two or more force units (10),
- Another embodiment of the invention and its respective system, which contemplates the use of a fluid may be CO2, the method proposed as follows, in the case of the change of state from its gaseous state to the liquid or partially liquid state and vice versa, being able to operate in the same way with different temperatures and pressures (see Figure 6) for the supercritical and solid or partially solid fluid state and vice versa, and supercritical and gaseous fluid state and vice versa:
- C0 2 is introduced into one or more sealed chambers (5), subjecting it to a pressure, typically greater than 2 Mpa and exposed to room temperature, which typically must be equal to or greater than -30 ° C, while the temperature maximum within the system will be conditioned by the maximum design pressure, which for the purposes of this design that works with the gaseous state to the liquid or partially liquid states and vice versa the pressure must not exceed 10 Mpa, at a temperature not exceeding + 33 ° C
- the camera (5); the pipe (6) and the capillary pipes (8) or the like are transformed into a closed circuit and are composed of "n" number of pipes or circuits inscribed in block, or similar, "n” being able to be greater than or equal to 1 , which can take complex forms by way of example, spiral, zig-zig, describing undulations, and of variable length, the greater the amount of energy to be obtained for each circuit, the longer it is and, on the contrary, if you want to get less energy, the circuit will be shorter.
- the circuit walls are composed of a material that has resistance and thermal conductivity, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene nanotubes, carbon, graphene, iron, steel, titanium, copper, among other materials, with wall thicknesses (6) necessary for withstand the maximum design pressures of the system, exposing the circuit at room temperature that must be equal to or greater than -30 ° C, and pressurizing it at a pressure typically greater than 1.5 Mpa, through one or more units of force ( 9) and (10), one of them (9) being placed on the external face of the piston or the like (2) installed at one end of the circuit.
- the second force unit (10) that acts on the same circuit is available.
- Each of the units of force is composed of: an apparatus that can increase or decrease the internal pressure of the circuit, be it a hydraulic cylinder piston, a pressurizing pump or another, in addition to other components such as actuators and electronically actuated brake boosters, each of the units connected to the control system.
- This system controls the pressure and contraction mode such as to cause the change of the CO2 state (11), from the gaseous state to the liquid or partially liquid state, as the case may be at different temperatures; also, if the pressure is controlled in such a way as to obtain the expansion of the CO2, it will undergo the change of state in the opposite direction.
- the method is based on certain values and their correlations to cause changes in the state of CO2 (3), considering different pressures that are required based on its internal temperature, both measured with one or more sensors, and which are controlled through a control system which controls the operation of force units and electromechanical equipment, all connected through wired and wireless circuits.
- the Vaporization or Condensation curve can be seen, the upper limit of the curves represents the liquid or partially liquid state of the CC> 2 (3) and the lower limit, its gaseous state.
- the internal pressure has to vary between a pressure greater than that determined by the curve and a pressure less than it, which causes a thermal process of heat transfer, which causes changes in state.
- the system allows to obtain changes of state of liquid to gaseous at pressures inferior to 2 Mpa, but the amount of work obtained is not optimal.
- the CO2 is inside the circuit in a gaseous state at a temperature of 20 ° C and a pressure of 4 Mpa, it is necessary to increase the pressure to over 6 Mpa to produce the change of state from gaseous to liquid or partially liquid, always considering the same internal temperature; and in the opposite direction, if the CO2 is in a liquid or partially liquid state at 20 ° C with an internal pressure of 6 Mpa, it is required to reduce this pressure to approximately 5.8 Mpa, which may be lower for the change to occur of state and go to gaseous state.
- Example 1 Three examples are given below for illustrative purposes, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention:
- Two circuits (17, 18) constituted by steel pipes are constructed, which will have a design pressure of 10 Mpa, and will work for this case at temperatures between -30 ° C and 50 ° C, so the pressures inside of the system will range between 2 and 10 Mpa.
- Each circuit consists of a main pipe (12) of internal diameter 7 mm and 10 mm thick.
- a pipe (17) with a piston (2) is inserted that will alternately move in both directions, displaced by the alternative action of the fluid that changes its volume as a result of its changes of State.
- the pipe In this section, arranged vertically (Z axis), the pipe has an internal diameter of 100 mm, with a thickness of 100 mm and a length of 2 meters.
- the piston (2) is connected to a force unit (10) figure 15 which for this example will be called “force unit 1".
- Force unit 1 Two meters from the end, called the end (20) for this example is connected to the main pipe (12), which has another unit of force (9), hereinafter "unit of force 2", which in this case is a Hydraulic cylinder piston, whose main function is to maintain the internal pressure of the circuit without having to consume a force while maintaining it because it will have an electronically actuated brake booster or the like.
- unit of force 2 which in this case is a Hydraulic cylinder piston, whose main function is to maintain the internal pressure of the circuit without having to consume a force while maintaining it because it will have an electronically actuated brake booster or the like.
- This also has a sensor that allows you to control the inflow of filling fluid if necessary.
- the internal diameter of the pipe (18) that reaches the hydraulic cylinder piston of the force unit 2 is 30 mm, has a thickness of 30 mm and a length of 2 meters.
- a first pipe (13) is connected at 90 °, where a first vertical pipe (22) emerges where a first plurality of capillary pipes is connected (8) or the like.
- a second pipe (14) is connected from which a second vertical pipe (23) emerges where a second plurality of capillary pipes (8) or the like is connected.
- a third pipe (15) is connected at 90 °, from which a third vertical pipe (24) emerges where a third plurality of pipes is connected capillaries (8) or the like.
- a fourth pipe is connected (16) from which a fourth vertical pipe (25) emerges where a fourth plurality of capillary pipes (8) or the like is connected.
- the vertical pipes (22, 23, 24, 25) have an internal diameter of 1 mm and a thickness of 1 mm and a length of 1 meter, separated one meter from each other.
- Capillary pipes (8) or the like have an internal diameter of 0.1 mm and a thickness of 0.1 mm, which are each one meter long, all connected to these four secondary pipes (13, 14, 15, 16) which have an internal diameter of 1.5 mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm and 1 meter long.
- a total of 5288 capillary pipes are connected horizontally or similar in both circuits of which 661 are connected 4 mm apart along each vertical pipe (in total there are eight vertical pipes, four in each circuit).
- the piston (2) located at the end of the main end pipe (19) has a diameter of 100 mm, the pipe (17) traveled by the piston starts at the end (19) to the end (20) and is placed vertically
- each one is composed of a hydraulic cylinder piston, which is connected on each of the two axes (51) that are located above the pistons (figure 15) of each circuit and
- This unit will also be composed of an electronically operated brake booster or the like that will be connected to the control system (11).
- Carbon dioxide is hereinafter referred to as "CO2" and subsequently the hydraulic cylinder piston of force unit 2 compresses it slightly, removing all the air from the system and leaving only the C02, closing the free ends with a pipe plug. Subsequently, this piston will compress the gaseous CO2 into the circuit until it becomes supercritical fluid or fluid. While this is happening, the piston will be placed in its minimum travel with the brake booster or the like driven. Each circuit works the same way.
- the units of force in combination with the heat transfer heat process, vary the internal pressure of the circuit and thereby change the state of CO2.
- the indicated process together with the action of the brake booster or the like of the unit of force number 1, prevents the piston from being returned and leaves it at its minimum travel point, producing during this contraction the change of state of the C0 2 of gaseous state to a liquid state, because the brake booster or the like will prevent the C02 from continuing to dilate when it is in a partially gaseous phase, because the CO2 will push the piston without being able to displace it, causing an increase in pressure that will cross the curve of Vaporization / Condensation and this begins its condensation process.
- control system that receives information on the position of the pistons and four temperature and pressure sensors, each placed in the capillary pipes of each secondary pipe in each circuit, obtains information on the temperature within them and The external temperature.
- the function of the control system is to control the changes of state through the activation of the unit of force number 1, which will cause the contraction of CO2 and the deactivation of this unit, which in turn causes a decrease in pressure internal circuit, because the only pressure that will be exerted on the circuit will be that of the weight of the piston, its respective axis and the force exerted by the axis that will be connected to the electromechanical equipment for the generation, in addition to the force that could exert the axis on the axis of the other circuit, which in turn will cause the change of state of liquid to gas, causing, finally, the expansion of CO2.
- the control system will activate the hydraulic cylinder piston that will lower the internal pressure of the circuit, and may also function as a support for in the event that it is required to perform with greater speed the phase change from the gaseous state to the liquid state.
- Two circuits (17, 18) constituted by steel pipes are constructed, which will have a design pressure of 800 Mpa, and will work for this case at temperatures between -30 ° C and 50 ° C, so the pressures within the system will range between 200 and 800 Mpa.
- Each circuit consists of a main pipe (12) of internal diameter 4 mm and 12 mm thick.
- a pipe (17) with a piston (2) is inserted that will alternately move in both directions, displaced by the alternative action of the fluid that changes its volume as a result of its changes of State.
- the pipe In this section, arranged vertically (Z axis), the pipe has an internal diameter of 30 mm, with a thickness of 90 mm and a length of 1 meters.
- the piston (2) is connected to a unit of force (10) (figure 15) which for this example will be called “unit of force.
- a unit of force (10) (figure 15) which for this example will be called “unit of force.
- Two meters from the end, called end (20) for this example is connected to the pipe main (12), which has another unit of force (9), hereinafter "unit of force 2", which in this case is a hydraulic cylinder piston, whose main function is to maintain the internal pressure of the circuit without needing to be consuming a force while maintaining it because it will have an electronically actuated brake booster or the like. It also has a sensor that allows you to control the inflow of filling fluid if necessary.
- the internal diameter of the pipe (18) that reaches the hydraulic cylinder piston of the force unit 2 is 30 mm, has a thickness of 120 mm and a length of 1 meters.
- a first tube is connected at 90 ° estuary (13), where a first vertical pipe (22) emerges where a first plurality of capillary pipes (8) or the like is connected.
- a second pipe (14) is connected from which a second vertical pipe (23) emerges where a second plurality of capillary pipes (8) or the like is connected.
- a third pipe (15) is connected at 90 °, from which a third vertical pipe (24) emerges where a third plurality of pipes is connected capillaries (8) or the like.
- a fourth pipe (16) is connected from which a fourth vertical pipe (25) emerges where a fourth plurality of capillary pipes (8) or the like is connected.
- the vertical pipes (22, 23, 24, 25) have an internal diameter of 1 mm and a thickness of 3 mm and a length of 2 meters, separated one meter from each other.
- Capillary pipes (8) or similar they have 0.1 mm of internal diameter and thickness of 0.3 mm, which have a length of one meter each, all connected to these four secondary pipes (13, 14, 15, 16) that have an internal diameter of 1 , 5 mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm and 1 meter long.
- a total of 31280 capillary pipes are connected horizontally or the like in both circuits of which 3910 are connected 4 mm apart along each vertical pipe (in total there are eight vertical pipes, four in each circuit).
- the piston (10) located at the end of the main pipe (end (19)) has a diameter of 30 mm, the pipe (17) traveled by the piston starts at the end (19) to the end (20) and It is placed vertically.
- each one is composed of a hydraulic cylinder piston, which is connected on each of the two axes (51) that are above the pistons of each circuit and this unit will also be composed of an electronically operated brake booster or the like that will be connected to the control system (11).
- Carbon dioxide is hereinafter referred to as "CO2" and subsequently the hydraulic cylinder piston of the force unit 2 compresses it slightly, removing all the air from the system and leaving only the CO2, closing the free ends with a pipe plug. Subsequently, this piston will compress the CO2 into the circuit until it becomes solid. While this is happening, the piston will be placed in its minimum travel with the brake booster or the like driven.
- the units of force in combination with the thermal process of heat transfer, vary the internal pressure of the circuit and thereby produce changes in the state of C0 2 .
- the aforementioned process together with the action of the brake booster or the like of the unit of force number 1, prevents the The piston is returned and leaves it at its minimum travel point, producing during this contraction the change of state of the C0 2 from a liquid state to a solid state, because the brake booster or the like will prevent the CO2 from continuing to expand when it is in partially liquid phase, because the C0 2 will push the piston without being able to move it, causing an increase in pressure that will cross the Fusion / Solidification curve and this will begin its solidification process.
- the CO2 When starting this solidification process, the CO2 will decrease its volume due to partial solidification, which will cause a piston displacement and a decrease in pressure, which in turn will cause the C0 2 to be again under the curve and repeat the process successively until the CO2 is completely or almost completely compressed in solid state.
- the hydraulic cylinder piston of the same force unit will serve as a support to accelerate the return of the piston, if necessary; while the piston of the other circuit, simultaneously, will be carrying out the process of inverse state change, that is, from solid to liquid or supercritical fluid.
- control system that receives information on the position of the pistons and four temperature and pressure sensors, each placed in the capillary pipes of each secondary pipe in each circuit, obtains information on the temperature within them and external temperature
- the function of the control system is to control the changes of state through the activation of the unit of force number 1, which will cause the contraction of CO2 and the deactivation of this unit, which in turn causes a decrease in pressure internal circuit, because the only pressure that will be exerted on the circuit will be that of the weight of the piston, its respective axis and the force exerted by the axis that will be connected to the electromechanical equipment for the generation, in addition to the force that could exert the axis on the axis of the other circuit, which in turn will cause the change of state from solid to liquid or supercritical fluid, causing, finally, the expansion of CO2.
- the control system will activate the hydraulic cylinder piston that will lower the internal pressure of the circuit, and may also function as a support for in the event that it is required to perform with greater speed the phase change from the gaseous state to the liquid state.
- Two confined circuits constituted by steel pipes are constructed, which will have a design pressure of 1115 Mpa, and work for this case at temperatures between -21 ° C and 30 ° C, so the pressures within the system for this case will range between 210 and 1050 Mpa.
- the circuit consists of a main pipe (12) of internal diameter 7 mm and 13 mm thick, 4 meters long.
- a pipe (17) of internal diameter of 1 mm is inserted, with a thickness of 4 mm and length 50 mm connected to a intens linear pump 'rficadora hereinafter “enhancer” is part of the power unit (10) Figure 17, long 482 mm and diameter of 152 mm, inside this is it finds a piston (2) and two pistons (50) each located on one side of each chamber, which will move in both directions alternately (figure 17), displaced by the alternative action of the fluid in each circuit that changes its volume as a consequence of your status changes.
- the intensifier has a sensor that allows you to control the inflow of filling fluid if necessary through a filling valve and control the pressure through a relief valve and for this case a hydraulic pump (32) together with a directional control valve and other elements typical of a linear intensifying pump, parts of the force unit 1 that compresses the piston (2) to change the state fluid.
- 0.1 meters from the end, called end (20), end located 4 meters from end 19 for this example is connected to the control system (1) which controls the operation of force units and electromechanical equipment, all connected through wired and wireless circuits.
- a first pipe (13) is connected at 90 °, from which a first vertical pipe (22) emerges where a first plurality of pipes is connected capillaries (8).
- a second pipe (14) is connected from which a second vertical pipe (23) emerges where a second plurality of capillary pipes (8) is connected.
- a third pipe (15) is connected at 90 °, from which a third vertical pipe (24) emerges where a third plurality of pipes is connected capillaries (8).
- a fourth pipe (16) is connected from which a fourth vertical pipe (25) emerges where a fourth plurality of capillary pipes (8) is connected.
- the vertical pipes (22, 23, 24, 25) have an internal diameter of 5 mm. and a thickness of 10 mm, separated one meter from each other.
- the capillary pipes (8) have 0.1 mm internal diameter and 0.2 mm thickness, which are 60 meters long each, all connected to these four secondary pipes (13, 14, 15, 16) that have an internal diameter of 5 mm. and a thickness of 10 mm and 5 meters long.
- a total of 4750 capillary pipes are connected horizontally, of which 1187 are connected 4 mm apart from each other along each secondary pipe.
- the piston (2) located inside the linear intensifier pump has a diameter of 50 mm, the pipe traveled by the cylinder pistons (50) is started on each side of the linear pump chamber and they are positioned vertically.
- each one consists of two cylinder pistons (50), on these two axes (5) are connected and in each of these axes an electronically operated brake booster, which will be connected to the control system.
- a steel structure formed by drawer profiles of 150x150 mm and thickness 5 mm is installed, with a height of 6 meters, connected by steel beams of the same type, to support the capillary pipes.
- Distilled water is introduced, hereinafter referred to as "water", and subsequently the hydraulic cylinder piston of the force unit 1 compresses it slightly, removing all the air from the system and leaving only the water, closing the free ends with a pipe plug. Subsequently, this piston will compress the water into the circuit until it solidifies. While this occurs, the piston (2) will be located in its minimum travel, just like the piston (50) with the brake booster operated.
- the unit of force 1 in combination with the heat transfer heat process, varies the internal pressure of each circuit and thus changes in the state of the water.
- the indicated process together with the action of the components of the unit of force number 1, prevents the piston from being returned and leaves it at its minimum travel point, producing during this contraction the change of state of water from liquid state to solid state (ice III, or ice V, or ice VI), by way of example, absorbing heat with the melting of ice III at a water temperature in the pipes of -21 degrees Celsius being the temperature of the other medium above this, and at that same time giving heat with the transformation of liquid to solid of the opposite circuit, because the unidirectional valve or the like will prevent the water from continuing to expand when it is in partially liquid phase, because the water will push the piston without being able to move it, causing with the help of the force unit 1 an increase in pressure that will cross the melting / solidification curve and this will begin its solidification process.
- the water will decrease its volume due to partial solidification (in the case of ice Ih its volume will increase in reverse operation), which will cause a piston displacement and a pressure decrease which in turn will cause the water is again under the curve and the process is repeated again until the water is completely or almost completely compressed in a solid state.
- the Hydraulic pump (32) of the same force unit will serve as a support to accelerate the return of the piston, if necessary, together with the thrust action of the opposite circuit on the piston when it expands, while the piston of this
- the opposite circuit simultaneously, will be carrying out the process of inverse state change, that is, from solid to liquid.
- control system that receives information on the position of the pistons and two temperature and pressure sensors, each placed in the capillary pipes of each secondary pipe in each circuit, obtains information on the temperature within them and external temperature
- the function of the control system is to control the changes of state through the unit of force number 1, controls the components and auxiliary equipment.
- control system will activate the relief valve or the like to release pressure.
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CL2017001096A CL2017001096A1 (es) | 2017-05-03 | 2017-05-03 | Método y sistema para producir energía mecánica a partir del calor ambiental. |
| CL1096-2017 | 2017-05-03 | ||
| CL2017003499A CL2017003499A1 (es) | 2017-12-29 | 2017-12-29 | Método y sistema para producir energía mecánica a partir del calor ambiental. |
| CL3499-2017 | 2017-12-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2018201262A1 true WO2018201262A1 (es) | 2018-11-08 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CL2018/000012 Ceased WO2018201262A1 (es) | 2017-05-03 | 2018-05-02 | Método y sistema para producir energía mecánica a partir del calor ambiental |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| WO (1) | WO2018201262A1 (es) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019126899A1 (es) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-04 | Ahr Energy Spa | Método para producir transferencia de calor entre dos o mas medios y un sistema para ejecutar dicho método |
| US11655802B1 (en) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-05-23 | William A. Kelley | Atmospheric energy recovery |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3013329A1 (de) * | 1980-04-05 | 1982-01-21 | Dieter 4619 Bergkamen Pomplun | Vakuummotor zur ausnutzung des atmosphaerischen luftdruckes |
| US4624109A (en) * | 1981-08-27 | 1986-11-25 | Minovitch Michael Andrew | Condensing atmospheric engine and method |
| JP2013040606A (ja) * | 2011-08-17 | 2013-02-28 | Kazuhiko Nagashima | 高効率常温熱エネルギーの回収法及び回収装置 |
-
2018
- 2018-05-02 WO PCT/CL2018/000012 patent/WO2018201262A1/es not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3013329A1 (de) * | 1980-04-05 | 1982-01-21 | Dieter 4619 Bergkamen Pomplun | Vakuummotor zur ausnutzung des atmosphaerischen luftdruckes |
| US4624109A (en) * | 1981-08-27 | 1986-11-25 | Minovitch Michael Andrew | Condensing atmospheric engine and method |
| JP2013040606A (ja) * | 2011-08-17 | 2013-02-28 | Kazuhiko Nagashima | 高効率常温熱エネルギーの回収法及び回収装置 |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019126899A1 (es) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-04 | Ahr Energy Spa | Método para producir transferencia de calor entre dos o mas medios y un sistema para ejecutar dicho método |
| US11655802B1 (en) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-05-23 | William A. Kelley | Atmospheric energy recovery |
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