WO2018123838A1 - 視野角拡大フィルム、偏光板、及び液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
視野角拡大フィルム、偏光板、及び液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018123838A1 WO2018123838A1 PCT/JP2017/046057 JP2017046057W WO2018123838A1 WO 2018123838 A1 WO2018123838 A1 WO 2018123838A1 JP 2017046057 W JP2017046057 W JP 2017046057W WO 2018123838 A1 WO2018123838 A1 WO 2018123838A1
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- viewing angle
- film
- hole
- liquid crystal
- polarizing plate
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a viewing angle widening film, a polarizing plate, and a liquid crystal display device.
- TN mode and VA mode liquid crystal display devices are established and can be supplied at a relatively low cost.
- the display quality when viewing the display surface from an oblique direction is inferior, and the usable viewing angle is often narrow.
- the relationship between the brightness of the image displayed on the screen and the brightness measured by observing the image is greatly different between when observed from the front and when observed from an oblique direction.
- Visual recognition can be difficult.
- TN mode liquid crystal display devices have conventionally been mainly employed in display devices that are visually recognized from a fixed angle, such as small and medium-sized televisions and personal computers.
- JP 2013-151162 A (corresponding application in other countries: US Patent Application Publication No. 2002/180107) International Publication No. 2009/088461 (Application in other countries: US Patent Application Publication No. 2011/039084)
- an object of the present invention is to provide a viewing angle widening film, a polarizing plate, and a liquid crystal display device capable of achieving a high contrast ratio and a wide viewing angle.
- the present inventor applied a film including a layer of a material having a specific refractive index and having a specific structure to the layer as a viewing angle widening film to a display device.
- the inventors have found that such problems can be solved, and have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention is as follows.
- a viewing angle widening film for widening a viewing angle wherein the viewing angle widening film includes one or more resin layers, One or more of the resin layers are pore-containing layers, The hole-containing layer includes a plurality of hole-containing portions substantially parallel to each other, The hole-containing part contains a hole, The pore-containing layer is a viewing angle widening film whose refractive index is 1.53 or less.
- [4] The viewing angle widening film according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein an interval between the adjacent hole-containing portions is a random interval of 50 ⁇ m or less.
- [5] The viewing angle widening film according to any one of [1] to [4], comprising an ultraviolet absorber.
- [7] The viewing angle widening film according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the hole-containing portion is made of craze.
- a polarizing plate comprising the viewing angle widening film according to any one of [1] to [7] and a polarizer.
- a TN mode liquid crystal display device comprising the polarizing plate according to [8] or [9] and a TN mode liquid crystal cell in this order from the viewing side,
- the polarizing plate is arranged such that the viewing angle expansion film side surface is the viewing side,
- a TN mode liquid crystal display device in which an angle formed by an azimuth angle at which a gradation is inverted when a display screen is viewed from an oblique direction and a longitudinal direction of the hole-containing portion is vertical.
- a VA mode liquid crystal display device comprising the polarizing plate according to [8] or [9] and a VA mode liquid crystal cell in this order from the viewing side,
- the VA mode liquid crystal display device wherein the polarizing plate is disposed such that a surface on the viewing angle widening film side is a viewing side.
- a viewing angle widening film, a polarizing plate, and a liquid crystal display device capable of achieving a high contrast ratio and a wide viewing angle are provided.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view schematically showing an example of a viewing angle widening film.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view showing an example of the structure of the craze.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of a crazing apparatus.
- FIG. 4 is a side view schematically showing the vicinity of the blade of FIG. 3 in an enlarged manner.
- the “polarizing plate” includes not only a rigid member but also a flexible member such as a resin film.
- the direction of the component is “45 °”, “parallel”, “vertical”, or “orthogonal” unless otherwise specified, for example, usually ⁇ 5 °.
- the error may preferably be within a range of ⁇ 2 °, more preferably ⁇ 1 °.
- the MD direction is the film flow direction in the production line
- the TD direction transverse direction
- the longitudinal direction of the long film may be referred to as the MD direction of the film
- the width direction may be referred to as the TD direction of the film.
- the “long” film means a film having a length of 5 times or more, preferably 10 times or more, and specifically a roll. A film having such a length that it can be wound up and stored or transported.
- the upper limit of the length of the long film is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, 100,000 times or less with respect to the width.
- nx represents the refractive index in the direction that gives the maximum refractive index in the in-plane direction of the film, that is, the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction.
- ny represents the refractive index in the in-plane direction and orthogonal to the nx direction.
- nz represents the refractive index in the thickness direction.
- d represents the thickness of the film.
- the measurement wavelength is 590 nm unless otherwise specified.
- the viewing angle widening film of the present invention is a film for enlarging the viewing angle of a liquid crystal display device.
- the viewing angle widening film includes one or more resin layers.
- One or more of the resin layers are pore-containing layers.
- the material of the pore-containing layer can be a resin containing various polymers.
- polymers include polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, polyamide, polyvinylidene fluoride, and alicyclic structure-containing polymers. From the viewpoint of ease of formation of pore-containing portions, polystyrene, polypropylene, An alicyclic structure-containing polymer is preferred.
- Polystyrene is a polymer containing a repeating unit derived from a styrene monomer (hereinafter referred to as “styrene monomer unit” as appropriate).
- the aforementioned styrene monomer refers to styrene and styrene derivatives.
- styrene derivatives include ⁇ -methylstyrene, o-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, p-chlorostyrene, p-nitrostyrene, p-aminostyrene, p-carboxystyrene, and p-phenylstyrene.
- a styrenic monomer may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios. Therefore, the styrenic polymer may contain one type of styrenic monomer unit alone, or may contain two or more types of styrenic monomer units in combination at any ratio. .
- the polystyrene may be a homopolymer or a copolymer containing only a styrene monomer, or may be a copolymer of a styrene monomer and another monomer.
- monomers that can be copolymerized with styrene monomers include ethylene, propylene, butadiene, isoprene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, ⁇ -chloroacrylonitrile, N-phenylmaleimide, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, Examples include ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and vinyl acetate. These monomers may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- Polypropylene may be a propylene homopolymer or a copolymer with a monomer other than propylene.
- the polypropylene may be a random polymer, a block copolymer, or a graft polymer.
- the content of the propylene-derived repeating unit contained in the polypropylene is high, specifically, 80% by weight or more is preferable, and 85% by weight or more is more preferable. .
- Examples of alicyclic structure-containing polymers include (1) norbornene polymers, (2) monocyclic olefin polymers, (3) cyclic conjugated diene polymers, and (4) vinyl alicyclic hydrocarbons. And hydrides of (1) to (4). Among these, norbornene-based polymers and hydrides thereof are preferable from the viewpoints of heat resistance, mechanical strength, and the like.
- Examples of the norbornene-based polymer include, for example, a ring-opening polymer of a norbornene monomer, a ring-opening copolymer of a norbornene monomer and another monomer capable of ring-opening copolymerization, and a hydride thereof; an addition polymer of a norbornene monomer; Examples include addition copolymers with other monomers copolymerizable with norbornene monomers.
- a hydride of a ring-opening polymer of a norbornene monomer and a hydride of a ring-opening copolymer of a rubornene monomer and another monomer capable of ring-opening copolymerization are particularly preferable.
- Hydrogenated block copolymer [G] As an example of the alicyclic structure-containing polymer, two or more polymer blocks [D] having cyclic hydrocarbon group-containing compound hydride units [I] and chain hydrocarbon compound hydride units [II] Or a hydrogenated block copolymer [G] comprising one or more polymer blocks [E] having a combination of units [I] and units [II].
- Cyclic hydrocarbon group-containing compound hydride unit [I] Cyclic hydrocarbon group-containing compound hydride unit [I] polymerizes a cyclic hydrocarbon group-containing compound, and if the unit obtained by such polymerization has an unsaturated bond, the unsaturated bond is It is a structural unit having a structure obtained by hydrogenation.
- the cyclic hydrocarbon group-containing compound hydride unit [I] includes units obtained by any production method as long as it has the structure.
- the cyclic hydrocarbon group-containing compound hydride unit [I] is preferably a structural unit obtained by polymerization of an aromatic vinyl compound. More specifically, it is a structural unit (aromatic vinyl compound hydride unit [I]) having a structure obtained by polymerizing an aromatic vinyl compound and hydrogenating an unsaturated bond thereof.
- the aromatic vinyl compound hydride unit [I] includes units obtained by any production method as long as it has the structure.
- a structural unit having a structure obtained by polymerizing styrene and hydrogenating the unsaturated bond may be referred to as a styrene hydride unit.
- the styrene hydride unit also includes a unit obtained by any production method as long as it has the structure.
- Examples of the aromatic vinyl compound hydride unit [I] include structural units represented by the following structural formula (1).
- R c represents an alicyclic hydrocarbon group.
- R c include cyclohexyl groups such as cyclohexyl group; decahydronaphthyl groups and the like.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a chain hydrocarbon group, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, a hydroxyl group, an ester group, a cyano group, an amide group or an imide group.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are preferably a hydrogen atom and a chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms from the viewpoints of heat resistance, low birefringence and mechanical strength.
- the chain hydrocarbon group is preferably a saturated hydrocarbon group, and more preferably an alkyl group.
- aromatic vinyl compound hydride unit [I] include a structural unit represented by the following formula (1-1).
- the structural unit represented by the formula (1-1) is a styrene hydride unit.
- any one having a stereoisomer can be used.
- One type of cyclic hydrocarbon group-containing compound hydride unit [I] may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination at any ratio.
- Chain hydrocarbon compound hydride unit [II] The chain hydrocarbon compound hydride unit [II] is obtained by polymerizing a chain hydrocarbon compound and further hydrogenating the unsaturated bond if the unit obtained by the polymerization has an unsaturated bond. Is a structural unit having the structure However, the chain hydrocarbon compound hydride unit [II] includes units obtained by any production method as long as it has the structure.
- the chain hydrocarbon compound hydride unit [II] is preferably a structural unit obtained by polymerization of a diene compound. More specifically, a structural unit (diene compound hydrogen) having a structure obtained by polymerizing a diene compound and hydrogenating the unsaturated bond if the unit obtained by such polymerization has an unsaturated bond. Compound unit [II]).
- the diene compound hydride unit [II] includes units obtained by any production method as long as it has the structure.
- a structural unit having a structure obtained by polymerizing isoprene and hydrogenating the unsaturated bond may be referred to as an isoprene hydride unit.
- the isoprene hydride unit also includes a unit obtained by any production method as long as it has the structure.
- the diene compound hydride unit [II] is preferably a structural unit obtained by polymerization of a conjugated diene compound. More specifically, it preferably has a structure obtained by polymerizing a conjugated diene compound such as a chain conjugated diene compound and hydrogenating the unsaturated bond. Examples thereof include a structural unit represented by the following structural formula (2) and a structural unit represented by the structural formula (3).
- R 4 to R 9 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a chain hydrocarbon group, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, a hydroxyl group, an ester group, a cyano group, an amide group, an imide group, or a silyl group. Or a chain hydrocarbon group substituted with a polar group (halogen atom, alkoxy group, hydroxyl group, ester group, cyano group, amide group, imide group, or silyl group).
- R 4 to R 9 are preferably a hydrogen atom and a chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms from the viewpoints of heat resistance, low birefringence, mechanical strength, and the like.
- the chain hydrocarbon group is preferably a saturated hydrocarbon group, and more preferably an alkyl group.
- R 10 to R 15 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a chain hydrocarbon group, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, a hydroxyl group, an ester group, a cyano group, an amide group, an imide group, or a silyl group. Or a chain hydrocarbon group substituted with a polar group (halogen atom, alkoxy group, hydroxyl group, ester group, cyano group, amide group, imide group, or silyl group).
- R 10 to R 15 are preferably a hydrogen atom and a chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of heat resistance, low birefringence, mechanical strength, and the like.
- the chain hydrocarbon group is preferably a saturated hydrocarbon group, and more preferably an alkyl group.
- diene compound hydride unit [II] include structural units represented by the following formulas (2-1) to (2-3).
- the structural units represented by the formulas (2-1) to (2-3) are isoprene hydride units.
- Any of the stereoisomers of the chain hydrocarbon compound hydride unit [II] having a stereoisomer can be used.
- One type of chain hydrocarbon compound hydride unit [II] may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination at any ratio.
- the hydrogenated block copolymer [G] preferably has a triblock molecular structure having one block [E] per molecule and two blocks [D] per molecule linked to both ends thereof. That is, the hydrogenated block copolymer [G] has one block [E] per molecule; and one end of the block [E] and has a cyclic hydrocarbon group-containing compound hydride unit [I].
- the total of the block [D1] and the block [D2] and the block [D2] are obtained from the viewpoint of easily obtaining a pore-containing layer having preferable characteristics.
- the weight ratio (D1 + D2) / E to E] is preferably within a specific range. Specifically, the weight ratio (D1 + D2) / E is preferably 45/55 or more, more preferably 50/50 or more, preferably 89/11 or less, more preferably 86/14 or less.
- D1 / D2 is preferably within a specific range.
- the weight ratio D1 / D2 is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 3 or more, particularly preferably 5 or more, preferably 15 or less, more preferably 14 or less, and particularly preferably 13 or less.
- the weight average molecular weight Mw of the hydrogenated block copolymer [G] is preferably 50000 or more, more preferably 55000 or more, particularly preferably 60000 or more, preferably 85000 or less, more preferably 80000 or less, and particularly preferably 75000. It is as follows. When the weight average molecular weight Mw is in the above range, a pore-containing layer having desirable characteristics can be easily obtained.
- the molecular weight distribution (weight average molecular weight (Mw) / number average molecular weight (Mn)) of the hydrogenated block copolymer [G] is preferably 2.0 or less, more preferably 1.7 or less, and particularly preferably 1.5. Or less, preferably 1.0 or more.
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- Mn number average molecular weight
- the weight average molecular weight Mw and the number average molecular weight Mn of the hydrogenated block copolymer [G] can be measured as values in terms of polystyrene by gel permeation chromatography using tetrahydrofuran as a solvent.
- the block [D1] and the block [D2] each independently comprise only the cyclic hydrocarbon group-containing compound hydride unit [I], but other than the cyclic hydrocarbon group-containing compound hydride unit [I]. May contain any unit.
- Examples of arbitrary structural units include structural units based on vinyl compounds other than cyclic hydrocarbon group-containing compound hydride units [I].
- the content of any structural unit in the block [D] is preferably 10% by weight or less, more preferably 5% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 1% by weight or less.
- the block [E] consists only of the chain hydrocarbon compound hydride unit [II], or only from the cyclic hydrocarbon group-containing compound hydride unit [I] and the chain hydrocarbon compound hydride unit [II].
- arbitrary units other than the units [I] and [II] can be included. Examples of arbitrary structural units include structural units based on vinyl compounds other than the units [I] and [II].
- the content of any structural unit in the block [E] is preferably 10% by weight or less, more preferably 5% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 1% by weight or less.
- the block [E] includes a cyclic hydrocarbon group-containing compound hydride unit [I] and a chain hydrocarbon compound hydride unit [II], the units [I] and [II] in the block [E]
- the weight ratio [I] / [II] is preferably 0.1 or more, more preferably 0.2 or more, particularly preferably 0.3 or more, preferably 1.5 or less, more preferably 1.4 or less. Particularly preferably, it is 1.3 or less.
- the weight ratio [I] / [II] of the units [I] and [II] in the molecule of the hydrogenated block copolymer [G] is preferably 70/30 or more, more preferably 72/28 or more, Particularly preferably, it is 74/26 or more, preferably 89/11 or less, more preferably 85/15 or less, and particularly preferably 83/17 or less.
- a pore-containing layer having preferable characteristics can be easily obtained.
- the manufacturing method of hydrogenated block copolymer [G] is not specifically limited, Arbitrary manufacturing methods can be employ
- the hydrogenated block copolymer [G] is prepared, for example, by preparing monomers corresponding to the cyclic hydrocarbon group-containing compound hydride unit [I] and the chain hydrocarbon compound hydride unit [II].
- the polymer [F] obtained by polymerization can be produced by hydrogenation. Specific production can be carried out by appropriately combining, for example, the method described in International Publication No. WO2016 / 152871 and other known methods.
- the hydrogenation rate in the hydrogenation reaction is usually 90% or more, preferably 95% or more, more preferably 97% or more. By increasing the hydrogenation rate, the low birefringence and thermal stability of the hydrogenated block copolymer [G] can be enhanced.
- the hydrogenation rate can be measured by 1 H-NMR.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer in the resin constituting the pore-containing layer is a weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene or polyisoprene measured by gel permeation chromatography, and is usually 5,000 or more, preferably 10,000 or more. More preferably, it is 15,000 or more, usually 50,000 or less, preferably 45,000 or less, more preferably 40,000 or less.
- the resin constituting the pore-containing layer may contain an optional component other than the polymer as necessary.
- optional components are UV absorbers, antioxidants, heat stabilizers, light stabilizers, antistatic agents, dispersants, chlorine scavengers, flame retardants, crystallization nucleating agents, reinforcing agents, antiblocking agents, antifogging agents Agents, release agents, pigments, organic or inorganic fillers, neutralizing agents, lubricants, decomposing agents, metal deactivators, antifouling agents, and antibacterial agents.
- UV absorbers examples include oxybenzophenone compounds, benzotriazole compounds, salicylic acid ester compounds, benzophenone UV absorbers, benzotriazole UV absorbers, acrylonitrile UV absorbers, triazine compounds, nickel complex compounds, And inorganic powders.
- UV absorbers examples include 2,2′-methylenebis (4- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) -6- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) phenol), 2- ( 2′-hydroxy-3′-tert-butyl-5′-methylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6- (5-chlorobenzotriazol-2-yl) phenol, Examples include 2,2′-dihydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxybenzophenone and 2,2 ′, 4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone.
- An example of particularly suitable is 2,2'-methylenebis (4- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) -6- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) phenol).
- the content of the ultraviolet absorber is preferably 0.5 to 5% by weight per 100% by weight of the resin.
- the resin constituting the pore-containing layer is preferably an amorphous resin.
- an amorphous resin even if the resin to be employed is not a resin having an extremely low refractive index, it is possible to obtain a good viewing angle expansion effect.
- the resin crystallinity can be determined using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Specifically, the resin for which the crystallinity is determined can be analyzed at a temperature increase rate (temperature increase mode) of 10 ° C./min according to JIS K7121 using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). In this analysis, when an endothermic peak exists, it can be determined that the resin is crystalline.
- DSC differential scanning calorimeter
- the resin constituting the pore-containing layer preferably has a tensile elongation of a specific value or less. Specifically, the tensile elongation measured at ISO 527-3 (test speed: 50 mm / min) on a test piece obtained by molding the resin to be measured into a single-layer 20 ⁇ m film and punching it into a dumbbell shape, It is preferable that it is below a specific value. Such tensile elongation is preferably 6% or less, more preferably 4% or less. Although the minimum of tensile elongation is not specifically limited, For example, it can be 0.3% or more. By employing such a resin exhibiting a low tensile elongation, it is possible to easily form a craze as a hole-containing part.
- the hole-containing layer has a refractive index of 1.53 or less, preferably 1.51 or less.
- the refractive index of the hole-containing layer By setting the refractive index of the hole-containing layer to the specific value or less, the effect of widening the viewing angle by the hole-containing layer is enhanced, and the effective effect of the present invention can be obtained.
- the minimum of a refractive index is not specifically limited, For example, it may be 1.48 or more.
- the refractive index of the hole-containing layer referred to in the present application is the refractive index of the material that forms the hole-containing layer and that does not have a hole-containing portion.
- the measurement of the refractive index of the hole-containing layer in the field-of-view expansion film can be performed, for example, by removing the holes of the hole-containing layer with a hot press and measuring the refractive index of the layer with an appropriate measuring device. Specifically, the field-of-view expansion film can be pressed at an appropriate temperature until holes disappear in at least a part of the film and become transparent, and then the refractive index of the area can be measured.
- the temperature suitable for pressing may be Tg or more or Tm or more of the resin constituting the hole-containing layer, and may be (Tg + 10) ° C. or less or (Tm + 10) ° C. or less of the resin.
- a refractive index / film thickness measuring device such as a prism coupler can be used.
- the hole-containing layer has optical anisotropy, its refractive index is (nx + ny) / 2.
- the viewing angle widening film of the present invention may have only one hole-containing layer or two or more layers.
- the materials exemplified above can be used as the material constituting each resin layer.
- the thickness of the pore-containing layer is preferably 4 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 8 ⁇ m or more, preferably 90 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 60 ⁇ m or less.
- the total thickness of the hole-containing layers is preferably within this range.
- the thickness of the hole-containing layer is within such a range, the hole-containing layer having the effects of the present invention can be easily configured.
- the viewing angle widening film of the present invention may include only a hole-containing layer as a resin layer, or may include a combination of a hole-containing layer and an arbitrary resin layer that is not a hole-containing layer.
- a useful viewing angle widening film can be constituted by combining the hole-containing layer and the other resin layer.
- an optional resin layer is a reinforcing layer having a higher strength than the pore-containing layer.
- the strength can be low.
- a protective layer provided on one or both of the front surface and the back surface of the hole-containing layer may be mentioned.
- the hole-containing layer contains holes, the surface thereof may be uneven.
- the protective layer may further have a function as the reinforcing layer described above.
- the viewing angle widening film of the present invention has a layer configuration of two types and three layers of skin layer / core layer / skin layer, the core layer is a pore-containing layer, and the skin layer is a reinforcing layer and / or protective layer. It can be a layer that can function as
- an easy-adhesion layer for improving the adhesion between the viewing angle widening film and other members can be mentioned.
- the resin constituting the layer is not particularly limited, and any material having desired characteristics can be appropriately selected.
- the resin constituting the reinforcing layer and the protective layer a resin having desired characteristics can be appropriately selected from the examples of the resin constituting the hole-containing layer described above.
- the thickness of the viewing angle widening film is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, and further preferably 20 ⁇ m or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 70 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 40 ⁇ m or less.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view schematically showing an example of a viewing angle widening film.
- the long viewing angle widening film 1 includes only a single hole-containing layer, and includes a plurality of linear hole-containing portions 20 that are parallel to each other.
- each of the hole-containing portions 20 is illustrated as one thin line, but the hole-containing portion 20 is a region having a width and a depth, and a large number of holes (not shown in FIG. 1) therein. ).
- the longitudinal direction of the hole-containing portion 20 is a direction parallel to the TD direction of the viewing angle widening film 1.
- the hole-containing part contains holes, the light incident on the hole-containing part is scattered. Moreover, the refractive index of a hole containing part expresses a different refractive index from the location in which the hole containing part of a hole containing layer is not formed by containing a hole. As a result, the angle of the light scattering direction can be expanded. While not being bound by any particular theory, it is believed that viewing angle expansion is achieved by such a wide range of light scattering.
- the holes contained in the hole-containing part may or may not penetrate in the thickness direction of the viewing angle widening film.
- the structure since the hole-containing portion contains holes, the structure has a depth in the thickness direction of the viewing angle widening film.
- Each hole-containing part usually has a large number of holes, but the structure of the hole-containing part is not limited to this, and may consist of a single crack-like hole.
- the depth of the hole-containing portion may extend over the entire thickness direction of the hole-containing layer, or only a part thereof.
- the plurality of hole-containing portions are provided substantially parallel to each other.
- the term “substantially parallel” with respect to the hole-containing portions may be an angle between the angles exceeding 0 ° within a range in which the effect of the present invention can be obtained.
- the error may be preferably within ⁇ 40 °, more preferably within ⁇ 30 °. Since the hole-containing portions that are “substantially parallel” to each other can have such an angular relationship, in the hole-containing layer, the plurality of hole-containing portions may have portions that intersect each other.
- Each individual hole-containing part usually has a substantially linear shape.
- the shape of the hole-containing portion being “substantially linear” includes a case where the hole-containing portion has a curvature within a range in which the effect of the present invention is obtained.
- the longitudinal direction of the hole-containing part is preferably substantially parallel to the TD direction of the viewing angle widening film (substantially perpendicular to the MD direction). In this case, as shown in FIG. 1, it is not necessary to form a straight line from one end of the viewing angle widening film 1 to the other end facing the end.
- the interval P between adjacent hole-containing portions may be constant or random.
- the interval P between adjacent hole-containing portions 20 is not constant but random. From the viewpoint of obtaining a high viewing angle expansion effect, the interval between the hole-containing portions is preferably random.
- the interval P between the adjacent hole-containing portions is not particularly limited, but is preferably a narrow interval from the viewpoint of suppressing phenomena such as moire interference and obtaining good display screen quality.
- the interval P may be preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the maximum value of the interval P in the viewing angle widening film is not more than the upper limit.
- the lower limit of the interval P is not particularly limited, but may be 0.5 ⁇ m or more.
- some or all of the plurality of hole-containing portions provided in the viewing angle widening film are made of craze.
- the hole-containing part is preferably made of craze.
- Craze means a substantially linear crack formed in a film. Crazes usually have fibrils formed between such cracks and voids formed between them. A fibril refers to a fiber obtained by fiberizing molecules constituting a resin.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic diagram showing an example of the structure of the craze.
- the craze 21 has a number of elongated fibrils 211 and voids 212 existing therebetween.
- the fibril 211 is usually present extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the craze as the hole-containing portion.
- the craze having such a structure can be formed by crazing the film. By creasing the film and applying pressure to the film, it is possible to form cracks in the film, and further, in the gaps of the cracks, to fiberize the molecules constituting the resin and form fibrils and voids between them. . Details of the crazing process will be described later.
- the diameter of the fibril is usually 5 nm to 50 nm, preferably 10 nm to 50 nm, more preferably 10 nm to 40 nm, and even more preferably 20 nm to 40 nm.
- the diameter of the void in the craze is usually 5 nm to 45 nm, preferably 10 nm to 30 nm.
- the width of the craze is usually 20 nm to 800 nm, preferably 30 nm to 600 nm, more preferably 40 nm to 300 nm.
- the craze height is usually 0.3 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 0.4 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- the fibril diameter, void diameter, craze width, and craze height value here are average values, specifically, observing any three locations where crazes are expressed with a scanning electron microscope, It can be determined by measuring the size of fibrils and voids.
- the viewing angle widening film of the present invention may be a long film or a single film. Usually, from the viewpoint of increasing the production efficiency, the viewing angle widening film is produced as a long film. Moreover, when manufacturing a sheet viewing angle expansion film, a sheet viewing angle expansion film can be manufactured by cutting out a long viewing angle expansion film into a desired shape.
- the viewing angle widening film of the present invention may be a substantially optically isotropic film with small optical anisotropy or an optically anisotropic film.
- the anisotropy may be attributed to the hole-containing layer, or may be attributed to a layer other than the hole-containing layer, It may be caused by both of them.
- the viewing angle widening film of the present invention is an optically anisotropic film, the in-plane retardation Re is preferably 360 nm or less, more preferably 330 nm or less, and even more preferably 300 nm or less.
- the retardation Rth in the thickness direction is preferably 400 nm or less, more preferably 350 nm or less, and still more preferably 300 nm or less.
- it is 10 nm or more, More preferably, it is 20 nm or more, More preferably, it is 30 nm or more.
- the total light transmittance of the viewing angle widening film is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more.
- the light transmittance can be measured by using a spectrophotometer (manufactured by JASCO Corporation, ultraviolet-visible near-infrared spectrophotometer “V-570”) in accordance with JIS K0115.
- the viewing angle widening film of the present invention can be produced by any method such as a known method.
- the viewing angle widening film of the present invention can be manufactured by forming the hole-containing portion in one or more layers of the film.
- such a film for forming the hole-containing portion may be referred to as a “material film”.
- the layer structure of the material film is not particularly limited, and may be a layer structure suitable for the layer structure of the desired viewing angle widening film.
- it can be set as the layer structure containing the layer used as a hole containing layer, and the layer used as the other resin layer.
- a viewing angle widening film including a hole-containing layer and a resin layer other than that is obtained by combining a layer that can become a hole-containing layer by craze processing and a layer that does not generate craze by such craze processing.
- a material film can be constructed.
- Examples of the material film manufacturing method include an injection molding method, an extrusion molding method, a press molding method, an inflation molding method, a blow molding method, a calendar molding method, a casting molding method, and a compression molding method.
- the conditions such as the molten resin temperature when manufacturing the material film can be appropriately changed according to the type of the material film, and can be performed under known conditions.
- examples of the method for producing the material film include coextrusion T-die method, coextrusion inflation method, coextrusion lamination method, dry lamination, co-casting method, and coating molding. Law.
- the material film may be an unstretched film that has not been stretched or a stretched stretched film.
- a stretched film has a smaller tensile elongation and is easier to form a craze. Therefore, for example, a stretched film formed of a certain material and an unstretched film formed of the same material are bonded to form a multilayer material film, and crazing is performed on this, whereby only the stretched film is crazed. Can be expressed.
- a stretching method for obtaining a stretched film either uniaxial stretching or biaxial stretching may be adopted, but biaxial stretching is preferred.
- suitable embodiment is biaxial stretching with a high draw ratio in the TD direction of a material film.
- Stretching can be performed using a known stretching apparatus.
- the stretching apparatus include a longitudinal uniaxial stretching machine, a tenter stretching machine, a bubble stretching machine, and a roller stretching machine.
- the stretching temperature is preferably (Tg-30 ° C) or higher, more preferably (Tg-10 ° C) or higher, preferably (Tg + 60 ° C) or lower, more preferably (Tg + 50 ° C) or lower.
- Tg represents the glass transition temperature of the resin.
- the draw ratio is preferably 1.2 to 5 times, more preferably 1.5 to 4 times, and even more preferably 2 to 3 times.
- the total stretching ratio represented by the product of the stretching ratios in each stretching direction is within the above range.
- a viewing angle widening film can be produced by forming a hole-containing portion on the surface of the material film.
- An example of a specific method for forming the hole-containing portion is crazing. By performing the crazing process, it is possible to efficiently produce a viewing angle widening film in which the hole-containing portion is made of crazing.
- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Crazing can be performed by any method such as a known method.
- Examples of craze processing include JP-A-6-82607, JP-A-7-146403, JP-A-9-166702, JP-A-9-281306, WO2007 / 046467, and JP-A-2006-313262. Examples thereof include methods described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-298100 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2012-167159.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of the crazing apparatus
- FIG. 4 is a side view schematically showing the vicinity of the blade in FIG. 3 in an enlarged manner.
- the apparatus is observed from the TD direction.
- the crazing apparatus 100 includes a feed roll 41, transport rolls 42 and 43, and a blade 30.
- the blade 30 includes an edge 30E extending in a direction parallel to the TD direction.
- the material film 10 conveyed in the direction of the arrow A11 from the feeding roll 41 is supported and conveyed by the conveying rolls 42 and 43 while being urged against the edge 30E of the blade 30.
- the Thereby, pressure can be applied to the material film 10.
- deformation due to pressurization occurs on the surface of the material film 10 to form the hole containing portion 20 extending in a direction substantially parallel to the TD direction, and the viewing angle widening film 1 can be manufactured.
- the angle at which the blade 30 contacts the material film 10 can be appropriately adjusted to an angle at which a desired craze is formed.
- the angle is represented as an angle ⁇ formed by the center line 30 ⁇ / b> C of the blade 30 observed from the extending direction of the edge 30 ⁇ / b> E and the downstream surface of the material film 10.
- the angle ⁇ is preferably 10 ° to 60 °, more preferably 15 ° to 50 °, and even more preferably 20 ° to 40 °.
- the tension of the material film when the blade is pressed against the material film can be appropriately adjusted to a value at which a desired craze is formed.
- the tension is preferably 100 N / m to 1000 N / m, and more preferably 300 N / m to 800 N / m.
- the crazing process may be performed before the material film is stretched or may be performed simultaneously with the stretching treatment.
- craze may occur in all of the two or more resin layers. Crazing may occur only on the surface. Furthermore, when craze occurs only in a part of the resin layer, craze may occur in the outermost layer, and craze may occur in the inner layer. For example, if craze processing is performed on a material film consisting of a core layer made of a brittle material with relatively small tensile elongation and a relatively soft skin layer on the front and back surfaces, only the core layer is crazed. Can occur. Such a film can also be used as the viewing angle widening film of the present invention.
- the viewing angle widening film of this invention can be used for the use which expands the viewing angle of a liquid crystal display device.
- the function of the viewing angle widening film of the present invention is not limited to this.
- the viewing angle widening film of the present invention may exhibit other functions in addition to the function as the viewing angle widening film.
- functions other than the viewing angle widening film include a function as a protective film, a function as a retardation film, and a function as an optical compensation film.
- the polarizing plate can be preferably used as a material that also functions as a polarizing plate protective film.
- the polarizing plate of the present invention includes the viewing angle widening film of the present invention and a polarizer.
- the viewing angle widening film can also function as a polarizing plate protective film.
- a polarizing plate can be manufactured by bonding a polarizer and a viewing angle widening film, for example.
- the polarizer and the viewing angle widening film may be directly bonded without an adhesive layer, or may be bonded via an adhesive layer formed of an adhesive. .
- another protective film may be interposed between the polarizer and the viewing angle widening film.
- the surface may be located on the polarizer side or on the opposite side of the polarizer.
- the polarizing plate of the present invention may be provided with a viewing angle widening film only on one surface of the polarizer, or on both surfaces.
- the polarizing plate can be provided with any film other than the viewing angle widening film that can function as a protective film on the other surface of the polarizer.
- the field-enlarging film can be in direct contact with the polarizer.
- the polarizing plate of this invention may have further another layer interposed between a visual field expansion film and a polarizer.
- the field expansion film can function as a protective film for protecting the polarizer in the polarizing plate.
- the polarizing plate and the liquid crystal display device of the present invention can also be configured by adding a field-enlarging film to an existing liquid crystal display device.
- the viewing side polarizer and the field of view are enlarged by placing a field of view enlargement film on the display surface of a liquid crystal display device having various components such as a protective film on the side of viewing further than the viewing side polarizer.
- a polarizing plate and a liquid crystal display device of the present invention can be constituted by combining with a film.
- the longitudinal direction of the hole-containing portion is parallel to the absorption axis of the polarizer. Thereby, the viewing angle of the VA mode liquid crystal display device can be expanded.
- the azimuth angle at which the gradation is inverted when the display screen of the liquid crystal display device is viewed from an oblique direction and the longitudinal direction of the hole-containing portion are formed.
- the corners are preferably vertical. Thereby, the viewing angle of the TN mode liquid crystal display device can be expanded.
- the polarizer can be produced, for example, by adsorbing iodine or a dichroic dye on a polyvinyl alcohol film and then uniaxially stretching in a boric acid bath. Further, for example, it can also be produced by adsorbing iodine or a dichroic dye to a polyvinyl alcohol film and stretching, and further modifying a part of the polyvinyl alcohol unit in the molecular chain to a polyvinylene unit. Furthermore, a polarizer having a function of separating polarized light into reflected light and transmitted light, such as a grid polarizer, a multilayer polarizer, and a cholesteric liquid crystal polarizer, may be used as the polarizer.
- a polarizer comprising polyvinyl alcohol is preferable.
- the polarization degree of the polarizer is preferably 98% or more, more preferably 99% or more.
- the average thickness of the polarizer is preferably 5 ⁇ m to 80 ⁇ m.
- any optically transparent adhesive can be used.
- the adhesive include water-based adhesives, solvent-based adhesives, two-component curable adhesives, ultraviolet curable adhesives, and pressure-sensitive adhesives.
- a water-based adhesive is preferable, and a polyvinyl alcohol-based water-based adhesive is particularly preferable.
- an adhesive agent may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- the average thickness of the adhesive layer is preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the method for bonding the viewing angle widening film and the polarizer There is no limitation on the method for bonding the viewing angle widening film and the polarizer.For example, after applying an adhesive on one surface of the polarizer as necessary, a roll laminator is used to enlarge the polarizer and the viewing angle. A method of laminating the film and drying as necessary is preferable. The drying time and drying temperature are appropriately selected according to the type of adhesive.
- the viewing angle widening film of the present invention and the polarizing plate of the present invention can be used in a liquid crystal display device.
- a liquid crystal cell constituting the liquid crystal display device known cells such as a TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, a VA (Virtual Alignment) mode, and an IPS (In-Plane Switching) mode can be used, but the viewing angle can be effectively expanded. From the viewpoint, the TN mode and the VA mode are preferable.
- the viewing angle widening film of the present invention or the polarizing plate of the present invention is preferably used for a TN mode liquid crystal display device.
- the TN mode liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes the polarizing plate of the present invention and the TN mode liquid crystal cell in this order from the viewing side, and the polarizing plate has a viewing angle expansion film side surface on the viewing side.
- the angle between the azimuth angle at which the gradation is inverted when the display screen of the liquid crystal display device is viewed from an oblique direction and the longitudinal direction of the hole-containing portion is vertical.
- the azimuth angle at which the gradation is inverted was observed by providing a polarizing plate having the same configuration as the polarizing plate of the present invention, except that the viewing angle widening film of the present invention was not used instead of the polarizing plate of the present invention. This is the azimuth angle at which the gradation is reversed.
- a TN mode liquid crystal display device usually includes a polarizing plate and a light source on the side opposite to the viewing side of the TN mode liquid crystal cell.
- the polarizing plate disposed on the side opposite to the viewing side the polarizing plate of the present invention may be used, or a polarizing plate other than the polarizing plate of the present invention, such as a known polarizing plate, may be used.
- a light source arbitrary light sources, such as a well-known light source, can be used.
- Viewing side refers to the side on which the viewer of the displayed image is located when using the liquid crystal display device.
- the luminance of the display screen when the liquid crystal display device is operated from black display to gradually increase brightness to white display, the luminance of the display screen also gradually increases. For example, when an operation is performed to display an 8-bit gray scale (black display is 0, white display is 255, and intermediate gradation is expressed by a value from 0 to 255) on the display screen of the liquid crystal display device, the scale is 0. The luminance of the display screen also increases with the increase from 255 to 255. However, depending on the direction of observation, when the operation for gradually increasing the brightness is performed, the brightness of the display screen may decrease on the contrary. In this way, the operation of increasing or decreasing the brightness displayed on the display device and the actual increase or decrease of the luminance of the display screen do not coincide with each other is referred to as “gradation inversion”.
- Gradation inversion may be seen at a certain azimuth angle when the display screen of the liquid crystal display device is viewed from an oblique direction.
- the TN mode liquid crystal display device according to the present invention has such a gradation inversion by making the angle formed by the azimuth angle at which the gradation is inverted when the display screen is viewed from an oblique direction and the longitudinal direction of the hole-containing portion perpendicular to each other. And the viewing angle can be enlarged.
- the azimuth angle for gradation inversion is not limited to one direction, but may be two directions or an angle range having a certain extent.
- the direction in which the viewing angle is most desired to be expanded can be determined, and the longitudinal direction of the hole-containing portion can be set in a direction perpendicular to the direction.
- the polarizing plate of the present invention one having an angle formed by the absorption axis of the polarizer and the longitudinal direction of the hole-containing portion is preferably 45 °.
- Normal TN mode liquid crystal display device (with a rectangular display screen, used in a state where the display screen stands upright in a substantially vertical direction, the long side direction of the rectangle is horizontal and the short side direction is substantially vertical) In many cases, gradation inversion is often observed when viewed from below.
- the angle between the absorption axis of the polarizer and the horizontal direction of the display screen is often 45 °. Therefore, when the polarizing plate of the present invention has an angle of 45 ° between the absorption axis of the polarizer and the longitudinal direction of the hole-containing portion, the angle formed between the absorption axis of the polarizer and the horizontal direction of the display screen Can be easily arranged so that the angle formed by the longitudinal direction of the hole-containing portion and the horizontal direction of the display screen is parallel, so that the viewing angle of the TN mode liquid crystal display device can be easily increased. Can do.
- VA mode liquid crystal display device The viewing angle widening film of the present invention or the polarizing plate of the present invention is also preferably used in a VA mode liquid crystal display device.
- the VA mode liquid crystal display device of the present invention comprises the polarizing plate of the present invention and the VA mode liquid crystal cell in this order from the viewing side, and the polarizing plate has a viewing angle expansion film side surface on the viewing side. It is arranged to become.
- VA mode liquid crystal display devices usually include a polarizing plate and a light source on the side opposite to the viewing side of the VA mode liquid crystal cell.
- the polarizing plate disposed on the side opposite to the viewing side the polarizing plate of the present invention may be used, or a polarizing plate other than the polarizing plate of the present invention, such as a known polarizing plate, may be used.
- a light source arbitrary light sources, such as a well-known light source, can be used.
- the polarizing plate of the present invention those in which the longitudinal direction of the hole-containing portion is parallel or perpendicular to the absorption axis of the polarizer can be preferably used.
- the relationship between the longitudinal direction of the hole-containing portion and the long side direction of the display screen is preferably parallel or vertical.
- the longitudinal direction of the hole-containing portion can be a direction perpendicular to the azimuth direction in which the viewing angle is required to be enlarged.
- the longitudinal direction of the hole-containing portion should be arranged in a direction parallel to the short side direction.
- the longitudinal direction of the hole-containing portion can be usually a direction parallel or perpendicular to the absorption axis of the polarizer. With such an arrangement, the viewing angle of the VA mode liquid crystal display device can be increased.
- the field-expanding films obtained in the examples and comparative examples are Tg or Tm or higher of the resin constituting the pore-containing layer, and the craze disappears at an appropriate temperature of (Tg + 20) ° C. or lower or (Tm + 20) ° C. or lower. And pressed until transparent, and then the refractive index of the hole-containing layer was measured.
- a refractive index measuring device a refractive index / film thickness measuring device (“Prism Coupler Model 2010 / M” manufactured by Irix Corporation) was used.
- the crystallinity determination object is analyzed using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) according to JIS K7121 at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min (temperature increasing mode). It was determined to be a functional resin.
- DSC differential scanning calorimeter
- Example 1 A film having a single-layer thickness of 20 ⁇ m, which is a resin to be measured, was prepared. Except for Example 1, the film for core layer having a thickness of 20 mm obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples was used as it was. In Example 1, a product having the same material as the biaxially stretched polypropylene film used and a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was obtained. The film was punched into a dumbbell shape to obtain a test piece. About this, tensile elongation was measured by ISO527-3 (test speed: 50 mm / min).
- the normalized luminance was calculated by setting the luminance at the gray scale 0 to 0% and the luminance at the gray scale 255 to 100%, and the relationship between the gray scale and the normalized luminance was obtained.
- the absolute value of the difference between the normalized luminance in the front direction and the normalized luminance in the polar angle 75 ° direction is obtained, and the maximum value among these values is obtained as ⁇ (%). It was.
- Example 1 (1-1. Material film) An unstretched polypropylene film (manufactured by Futamura Chemical Co., Ltd.) having a width of 300 mm and a thickness of 15 ⁇ m and a biaxially stretched polypropylene film (manufactured by Futamura Chemical Co., Ltd.) having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m were prepared. It was crystallinity when the crystallinity of resin which comprises a biaxially stretched polypropylene film as a judgment object was judged. When tensile elongation was measured using a biaxially stretched polypropylene film as a measurement object, the tensile elongation was 5%. An unstretched polypropylene film and a biaxially stretched polypropylene film were bonded together by a thermal laminating method to obtain a material film.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 Using the apparatus schematically shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a viewing angle widening film was produced.
- the material film obtained in (1-1) is disposed so that the non-stretched polypropylene film side surface is in contact with the blade 30, the material film 10 is pressed against the blade 30, and the tension of the material film 10 is 500 N / m.
- Crazing was carried out by conveying at a speed of 50 mm / min in the direction of arrow A11.
- the direction of the edge 30E of the blade 30 was the width direction (TD direction) of the material film.
- the angle ⁇ formed by the center line 30C of the blade 30 observed from the extending direction of the edge 30E and the downstream surface of the material film 10 was 20 °. This produced the viewing angle expansion film.
- the pore-containing part of the obtained viewing angle widening film was expressed on the biaxially oriented polypropylene film side.
- the hole-containing part was a craze having a substantially linear shape, and the longitudinal directions of the hole-containing part were substantially parallel to each other and substantially parallel to the TD direction of the film.
- the interval P between the hole-containing portions was a random interval of 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the average value of the width of each hole-containing part was 300 nm, the average value of the depth of the hole-containing part was 15 ⁇ m, and the average value of the fibril diameter was 20 nm. These values were determined by selecting three arbitrary points on the craze film and observing a 25 ⁇ m square area with a scanning electron microscope.
- the refractive index of the biaxially-stretched polypropylene film part which is the hole containing layer was measured.
- Example 2 (2-1. Production of block copolymer [F1]) A stainless steel reactor equipped with a stirrer and thoroughly dried and purged with nitrogen was charged with 256 parts of dehydrated cyclohexane, 25.0 parts of dehydrated styrene, and 0.65 part of di-n-butyl ether and stirred at 60 ° C. Then, 0.82 part of n-butyllithium (15% cyclohexane solution) was added to initiate the polymerization reaction. Furthermore, it was made to react at 60 degreeC for 60 minutes, stirring. The polymerization conversion rate at this time was 99.5%. The reaction temperature was maintained at 60 ° C. until the reaction was stopped.
- a phenolic antioxidant pentaerythrityl tetrakis [3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] product name “AO60”, manufactured by ADEKA
- AO60 phenolic antioxidant pentaerythrityl tetrakis [3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate]
- the hydrogenated block copolymer [G1] in the obtained resin [G1] is a block in which St, a repeating unit derived from styrene and a repeating unit derived from isoprene coexist (hereinafter referred to as “St / Ip” as appropriate).
- the block copolymer had Mw of 59,000, Mw / Mn of 1.05, a hydrogenation rate of almost 100%, and a thermal softening temperature Ts of 110 ° C.
- the reaction solution is filtered to remove the hydrogenation catalyst, and then the phenol-based antioxidant pentaerythrityl tetrakis [3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) ) Propionate] (product name “AO60”, manufactured by ADEKA) 2.0 parts of xylene solution in which 0.3 part was dissolved was added and dissolved to obtain a solution.
- the above solution is treated at a temperature of 260 ° C. and a pressure of 0.001 MPa or less using a cylindrical concentrating dryer (product name “Contro”, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.), and cyclohexane, xylene and other volatile components are removed from the solution.
- a material film As a material film, a multilayer film having a layer structure of two types and three layers of skin layer / core layer / skin layer was formed. For molding, a film forming apparatus for coextrusion molding was used. As the material for the skin layer, the resin [G1] obtained in (2-2) was used. As the material for the core layer, the resin [G2] obtained in (2-4) was used. The obtained material film had a width of 300 mm, a thickness of each skin layer of 10 ⁇ m, a core layer thickness of 20 ⁇ m, and a total thickness of the material film of 40 ⁇ m. (2-6. Production of wide viewing angle film) Using the apparatus schematically shown in FIGS.
- a viewing angle widening film was produced.
- the material film obtained in (2-5) is arranged so that one surface thereof is in contact with the blade 30, the material film 10 is pressed against the blade 30, and the tension of the material film 10 is 450 N / m, and the direction of the arrow A11 Was carried out at a speed of 50 mm / min for crazing.
- the direction of the edge 30E of the blade 30 was the width direction (TD direction) of the material film.
- the angle ⁇ formed by the center line 30C of the blade 30 observed from the extending direction of the edge 30E and the downstream surface of the material film 10 was 20 °. This produced the viewing angle expansion film.
- the pore-containing part of the obtained viewing angle widening film was expressed in the core layer.
- the hole-containing part was a craze having a substantially linear shape, and the longitudinal directions of the hole-containing part were substantially parallel to each other and substantially parallel to the TD direction of the film.
- the interval P between the hole-containing portions was a random interval of 1.2 ⁇ m or less.
- the average value of the width of each hole-containing part was 250 nm
- the average value of the depth of the hole-containing part was 20 ⁇ m
- the average value of the fibril diameter was 5 nm.
- the refractive index of the pore-containing layer was measured. Since the hole-containing layer was a core layer, the refractive index of the core layer was measured in measuring the refractive index of the hole-containing layer.
- Example 3 Except for the following changes, a liquid crystal display device and its components were obtained and evaluated by the same operation as in Example 2.
- the tension of the material film was changed from 450 N / m to 300 N / m.
- the hole containing part of the viewing angle widening film obtained in Example 3 was expressed in the core layer.
- the hole-containing part was a craze having a substantially linear shape, and the longitudinal directions of the hole-containing part were substantially parallel to each other and substantially parallel to the TD direction of the film.
- the interval P between the hole-containing portions was a random interval of 1.8 ⁇ m or less.
- the average value of the width of each hole-containing part was 50 nm, the average value of the depth of the hole-containing part was 20 ⁇ m, and the average value of the fibril diameter was 5 nm.
- the refractive index of the core layer was measured.
- Example 4 (4-1. Preparation of material film)
- a material film a multilayer film having a layer configuration of two types and three layers of skin layer / core layer / skin layer was formed.
- a film forming apparatus for coextrusion molding was used.
- an acrylic resin (“HT55X” manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., glass transition temperature: 108 ° C.) containing an acrylic polymer and rubber particles was used.
- As a material for the core layer polymethyl methacrylate polymer resin (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation, trade name “Delpet” 80NH, glass transition temperature 102 ° C.) was used.
- the obtained material film had a width of 300 mm, a thickness of each skin layer of 10 ⁇ m, a core layer thickness of 20 ⁇ m, and a total thickness of the material film of 40 ⁇ m.
- the crystallinity was determined using the polymethyl methacrylate polymer resin as the determination target, it was amorphous.
- the tensile elongation was measured using a polymethyl methacrylate polymer resin as a measurement object, the tensile elongation was 5%.
- the hole-containing part of the viewing angle widening film obtained in Example 4 was expressed in the core layer.
- the hole-containing part was a craze having a substantially linear shape, and the longitudinal directions of the hole-containing part were substantially parallel to each other and substantially parallel to the TD direction of the film.
- the interval P between the hole-containing portions was a random interval of 1.2 ⁇ m or less.
- the average value of the width of each hole-containing part was 50 nm, the average value of the depth of the hole-containing part was 19 ⁇ m, and the average value of the fibril diameter was 5 nm.
- the refractive index of the core layer was measured.
- Example 5 (-1. Preparation of material film)
- a material film a multilayer film having a layer configuration of two types and three layers of skin layer / core layer / skin layer was formed.
- a film forming apparatus for coextrusion molding was used.
- norbornene polymer 1 (trade name: ZEONOR 1600, manufactured by ZEON CORPORATION, glass transition temperature 163 ° C.) was used.
- norbornene polymer 2 (trade name: Zeonex K26R, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd., glass transition temperature 143 ° C.) was used.
- the obtained material film had a width of 300 mm, a thickness of each skin layer of 10 ⁇ m, a core layer thickness of 20 ⁇ m, and a total thickness of the material film of 40 ⁇ m.
- crystallinity was determined using norbornene polymer 2 (Zeonex K26R) as a determination target, it was amorphous.
- the tensile elongation was measured using the norbornene polymer 2 (Zeonex K26R) as a measurement object, the tensile elongation was 2%.
- the hole-containing part of the viewing angle widening film obtained in Example 5 was expressed in the core layer.
- the hole-containing part was a craze having a substantially linear shape, and the longitudinal directions of the hole-containing part were substantially parallel to each other and substantially parallel to the TD direction of the film.
- the interval P between the hole-containing portions was a random interval of 1.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the average value of the width of each hole-containing part was 45 nm, the average value of the depth of the hole-containing part was 19 ⁇ m, and the average value of the fibril diameter was 5 nm.
- the refractive index of the core layer was measured.
- a material film As a material film, a multilayer film having a layer configuration of two types and three layers of skin layer / core layer / skin layer was formed. For molding, a film forming apparatus for coextrusion molding was used. As a material for the skin layer, an acrylic resin (“HT55X” manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., glass transition temperature: 108 ° C.) containing an acrylic polymer and rubber particles was used. As a material for the core layer, a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer resin (“Dylark D332” manufactured by Nova Chemicals, glass transition temperature: 128 ° C.) was used.
- HT55X manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., glass transition temperature: 108 ° C.
- a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer resin (“Dylark D332” manufactured by Nova Chemicals, glass transition temperature: 128 ° C.) was used.
- the obtained material film had a width of 300 mm, a thickness of each skin layer of 10 ⁇ m, a core layer thickness of 20 ⁇ m, and a total thickness of the material film of 40 ⁇ m.
- crystallinity was determined using styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer resin as a determination target, it was amorphous.
- tensile elongation was measured using styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer resin as a measurement object, the tensile elongation was 2%.
- the hole containing part of the viewing angle widening film obtained in Comparative Example 2 was expressed in the core layer.
- the hole-containing part was a craze having a substantially linear shape, and the longitudinal directions of the hole-containing part were substantially parallel to each other and substantially parallel to the TD direction of the film.
- the interval P between the hole-containing portions was a random interval of 1.2 ⁇ m or less.
- the average value of the width of each hole-containing part was 50 nm, the average value of the depth of the hole-containing part was 19 ⁇ m, and the average value of the fibril diameter was 5 nm.
- the refractive index of the core layer was measured.
- a material film As a material film, a multilayer film having a layer configuration of two types and three layers of skin layer / core layer / skin layer was formed. For molding, a film forming apparatus for coextrusion molding was used. As a material for the skin layer, polycarbonate resin (trade name “Panlite AD5503”, manufactured by Teijin Limited, glass transition temperature 142 ° C.) was used. As the material for the core layer, another polycarbonate resin (trade name “Iupilon HL8004”, manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Co., Ltd., glass transition temperature 136 ° C.) was used.
- polycarbonate resin trade name “Panlite AD5503”, manufactured by Teijin Limited, glass transition temperature 142 ° C.
- another polycarbonate resin trade name “Iupilon HL8004”, manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Co., Ltd., glass transition temperature 136 ° C.
- the obtained material film had a width of 300 mm, a thickness of each skin layer of 10 ⁇ m, a core layer thickness of 20 ⁇ m, and a total thickness of the material film of 40 ⁇ m.
- crystallinity was determined using styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer resin as a determination target, it was amorphous.
- tensile elongation was measured using styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer resin as a measurement object, the tensile elongation was 2%.
- the hole containing part of the viewing angle widening film obtained in Comparative Example 3 was expressed in the core layer.
- the hole-containing part was a craze having a substantially linear shape, and the longitudinal directions of the hole-containing part were substantially parallel to each other and substantially parallel to the TD direction of the film.
- the interval P between the hole-containing portions was a random interval of 1.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the average value of the width of each hole-containing part was 40 nm, the average value of the depth of the hole-containing part was 19 ⁇ m, and the average value of the fibril diameter was 5 nm.
- the refractive index of the core layer was measured.
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Abstract
Description
従って、本発明の目的は、高いコントラスト比及び広範囲な視野角を達成しうる視野角拡大フィルム、偏光板、及び液晶表示装置を提供することを目的とする。
すなわち、本発明は以下のとおりである。
前記樹脂層の1層以上は孔含有層であり、
前記孔含有層は、互いに略平行な孔含有部を複数備え、
前記孔含有部は孔を含有し、
前記孔含有層は、その屈折率が1.53以下である、視野角拡大フィルム。
〔2〕 前記孔含有層を構成する樹脂が、非晶性樹脂である、〔1〕に記載の視野角拡大フィルム。
〔3〕 2層以上の前記樹脂層を備える、〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載の視野角拡大フィルム。
〔4〕 隣り合う前記孔含有部の間隔が、50μm以下のランダムな間隔である、〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれか1項に記載の視野角拡大フィルム。
〔5〕 紫外線吸収剤を含有する、〔1〕~〔4〕のいずれか1項に記載の視野角拡大フィルム。
〔6〕 前記視野角拡大フィルムが、偏光板保護フィルムである、〔1〕~〔5〕のいずれか1項に記載の視野角拡大フィルム。
〔7〕 前記孔含有部がクレーズからなる、〔1〕~〔6〕のいずれか1項に記載の視野角拡大フィルム。
〔8〕 〔1〕~〔7〕のいずれか1項に記載の視野角拡大フィルムと、偏光子とを備える、偏光板。
〔9〕 前記孔含有部の長手方向が、前記偏光子の吸収軸に対して平行又は垂直である、〔8〕に記載の偏光板。
〔10〕 前記偏光子の吸収軸と前記孔含有部の長手方向とのなす角が45°である、〔8〕に記載の偏光板。
〔11〕 視認側から、〔8〕又は〔9〕に記載の偏光板、及びTNモードの液晶セルを、この順で備えるTNモードの液晶表示装置であって、
前記偏光板は、その前記視野角拡大フィルム側の面が視認側となるよう配置され、
表示画面を斜め方向から視認した時に階調反転する方位角度と前記孔含有部の長手方向とのなす角が垂直である、TNモードの液晶表示装置。
〔12〕 視認側から、〔8〕又は〔9〕に記載の偏光板、及びVAモードの液晶セルを、この順で備えるVAモードの液晶表示装置であって、
前記偏光板は、その前記視野角拡大フィルム側の面が視認側となるよう配置される、VAモードの液晶表示装置。
本発明の視野角拡大フィルムは、液晶表示装置の視野角を拡大するためのフィルムである。
視野角拡大フィルムは、1層以上の樹脂層を備える。樹脂層のうちの1層以上は孔含有層である。
孔含有層の材料は、各種の重合体を含む樹脂としうる。かかる重合体の例としては、ポリスチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、及び脂環構造含有重合体が挙げられるが、孔含有部の形成のしやすさの観点からポリスチレン、ポリプロピレン、脂環構造含有重合体が好ましい。
脂環構造含有重合体のある例として、環式炭化水素基含有化合物水素化物単位[I]を有する、2つ以上の重合体ブロック[D]と、鎖状炭化水素化合物水素化物単位[II]、又は単位[I]及び単位[II]の組み合わせを有する1つ以上の重合体ブロック[E]を含む水素化ブロック共重合体[G]が挙げられる。
環式炭化水素基含有化合物水素化物単位[I]は、環式炭化水素基含有化合物を重合し、さらに、かかる重合により得られた単位が不飽和結合を有していればその不飽和結合を水素化して得られる構造を有する構造単位である。ただし、環式炭化水素基含有化合物水素化物単位[I]は、当該構造を有する限りにおいて、どのような製造方法で得られた単位をも含む。
同様に、本願においては、例えばスチレンを重合し、その不飽和結合を水素化して得られる構造を有する構造単位を、スチレン水素化物単位と呼ぶことがある。スチレン水素化物単位も、当該構造を有する限りにおいて、どのような製造方法で得られた単位をも含む。
芳香族ビニル化合物水素化物単位[I]の例としては、以下の構造式(1)で表される構造単位が挙げられる。
鎖状炭化水素化合物水素化物単位[II]は、鎖状炭化水素化合物を重合し、さらに、かかる重合により得られた単位が不飽和結合を有していればその不飽和結合を水素化して得られる構造を有する構造単位である。ただし、鎖状炭化水素化合物水素化物単位[II]は、当該構造を有する限りにおいて、どのような製造方法で得られた単位をも含む。
同様に、本願においては、例えばイソプレンを重合し、その不飽和結合を水素化して得られる構造を有する構造単位を、イソプレン水素化物単位と呼ぶことがある。イソプレン水素化物単位も、当該構造を有する限りにおいて、どのような製造方法で得られた単位をも含む。
水素化ブロック共重合体[G]は、1分子あたり1つのブロック[E]と、その両端に連結された1分子当たり2つのブロック[D]とを有するトリブロック分子構造を有することが好ましい。すなわち、水素化ブロック共重合体[G]は、1分子あたり1つのブロック[E]と;ブロック[E]の一端に連結され、環式炭化水素基含有化合物水素化物単位[I]を有する、1分子あたり1つのブロック[D1]と;ブロック[E]の他端に連結され、環式炭化水素基含有化合物水素化物単位[I]を有する、1分子あたり1つのブロック[D2]と;を含むトリブロック共重合体であることが好ましい。
また、水素化ブロック共重合体[G]の分子における、単位[I]及び[II]の重量比[I]/[II]は、好ましくは70/30以上、より好ましくは72/28以上、特に好ましくは74/26以上であり、好ましくは89/11以下、より好ましくは85/15以下、特に好ましくは83/17以下である。単位[I]及び[II]の比率が前記範囲にあることにより、好ましい特性を有する孔含有層を容易に得ることができる。
孔含有層を構成ずる樹脂における重合体の重量平均分子量は、ゲル・パーミエーション・クロマトグラフィーにより測定したポリスチレン換算又はポリイソプレン換算の重量平均分子量で、通常5,000以上、好ましくは10,000以上、より好ましくは15,000以上であり、通常50,000以下、好ましくは45,000以下、より好ましくは40,000以下である。
孔含有層は、その屈折率が1.53以下、好ましくは1.51以下である。孔含有層の屈折率を前記の特定の値以下とすることにより、孔含有層による視野角拡大の効果が高まり、本発明の有効な効果を得ることができる。屈折率の下限は、特に限定されないが、例えば1.48以上としうる。
本発明の視野角拡大フィルムは、樹脂層として孔含有層のみを備えてもよく、孔含有層と、孔含有層ではない任意の樹脂層とを組み合わせて備えてもよい。孔含有層と、それ以外の樹脂層とを組み合わせることにより、有用な視野角拡大フィルムを構成することができる。
本発明の視野角拡大フィルムにおける孔含有層は、互いに略平行な孔含有部を複数備え、孔含有部は孔を含有する。
図1は、視野角拡大フィルムの一例を模式的に示す平面図である。図1の例において、長尺状の視野角拡大フィルム1は、一層の孔含有層のみからなり、互いに平行な直線状の孔含有部20を複数備える。図1において孔含有部20のそれぞれは一本の細い線として図示しているが、孔含有部20は、幅及び深さのある領域であり、その中に多数の孔(図1において不図示)を備える。図1の例において、孔含有部20の長手方向は、視野角拡大フィルム1のTD方向と平行な方向である。
本発明の視野角拡大フィルムは、長尺のフィルムであってもよく、枚葉のフィルムであってもよい。通常、製造効率を高める観点から、視野角拡大フィルムは長尺のフィルムとして製造される。また、枚葉の視野角拡大フィルムを製造する場合には、長尺の視野角拡大フィルムを所望の形状に切り出すことにより、枚葉の視野角拡大フィルムを製造しうる。
本発明の視野角拡大フィルムが光学的に異方性のフィルムである場合、その面内レターデーションReは、好ましくは360nm以下、より好ましくは330nm以下、さらに好ましくは300nm以下である。下限については特に限定されないが、好ましくは10nm以上、より好ましくは20nm以上、さらに好ましくは30nm以上である。また、厚み方向のレターデーションRthは、好ましくは400nm以下、より好ましくは350nm以下、さらに好ましくは300nm以下である。下限については特に限定されないが、好ましくは10nm以上、より好ましくは20nm以上、さらに好ましくは30nm以上である。
本発明の視野角拡大フィルムは、既知の方法等の任意の方法で製造し得る。例えば、孔含有部の形成に供するためのフィルムを製造した後、該フィルムの一以上の層に孔含有部を形成することで、本発明の視野角拡大フィルムを製造し得る。本願においては、このような、孔含有部の形成に供するためのフィルムを、「材料フィルム」という場合がある。
材料フィルムの層構成は、特に限定されず、所望の視野角拡大フィルムの層構成に適合した層構成としうる。例えば、孔含有層となる層と、それ以外の樹脂層となる層とを含む層構成としうる。より具体的には、クレーズ加工により孔含有層となり得る層と、かかるクレーズ加工によってもクレーズが発生しない層とを組み合わせて、孔含有層とそれ以外の樹脂層とを備える視野角拡大フィルムを得るための材料フィルムを構成しうる。
材料フィルムを製造後、材料フィルムの面上に孔含有部を形成することにより、視野角拡大フィルムを製造しうる。
孔含有部を形成する具体的な方法の例としては、クレーズ加工が挙げられる。クレーズ加工を行うことにより、孔含有部がクレーズからなる視野角拡大フィルムを、効率的に製造することができる。
クレーズ加工装置100の操作において、繰り出しロール41から矢印A11方向に搬送された材料フィルム10は、搬送ロール42及び43により、ブレード30のエッジ30Eに対して付勢された状態で支持されて搬送される。これにより、材料フィルム10に圧力を加えることができる。その結果、材料フィルム10の表面に、加圧による変形が生じ、TD方向に略平行な方向に延長する孔含有部20が形成され、視野角拡大フィルム1を製造することができる。
本発明の視野角拡大フィルムは、液晶表示装置の視野角を拡大させる用途に用いうる。但し、本発明の視野角拡大フィルムの機能は、これに限られない。例えば、本発明の視野角拡大フィルムは、視野角拡大フィルムとしての機能に加えて、それ以外の機能とを併せて発揮するものであってもよい。かかる視野角拡大フィルム以外の機能の例としては、保護フィルムとしての機能、位相差フィルムとしての機能、及び光学補償フィルムとしての機能が挙げられる。特に以下に述べる通り、偏光板において偏光板保護フィルムとしての機能を併せて発揮するものとして、好ましく用いうる。
一方、本発明の偏光板及び液晶表示装置は、既成の液晶表示装置に、視野拡大フィルムを追加するだけでも構成しうる。具体的には、視認側偏光子よりもさらに視認側に保護フィルム等の種々の構成要素を備える液晶表示装置の表示面に、視野拡大フィルムを載置することにより、視認側偏光子と視野拡大フィルムとを組み合わせ、本発明の偏光板及び液晶表示装置を構成しうる。
本発明の視野角拡大フィルム、及び本発明の偏光板は、液晶表示装置に使用しうる。液晶表示装置を構成する液晶セルは、TN(Twisted Nematic)モード、VA(Virtical Alignment)モード、IPS(In-Plane Switching)モード等の公知のものを使用できるが、視野角を効果的に拡大できる観点からTNモード及びVAモードが好ましい。
本発明の視野角拡大フィルム、又は本発明の偏光板は、TNモードの液晶表示装置に使用されることが好ましい。
階調反転する方位角度は一方向に限られず、二方向、あるいはある程度の広がりを持った角度範囲である場合もある。その場合は、そのうちで、最も視野角を拡大したい方向を定め、当該方向と垂直な方向に、孔含有部の長手方向を設定しうる。
本発明のTNモードの液晶表示装置において、本発明の偏光板としては、偏光子の吸収軸と孔含有部の長手方向とのなす角が45°であるものを好ましく用いうる。通常のTNモードの液晶表示装置(矩形の表示画面を有し、表示画面が略垂直方向に直立し、矩形の長辺方向が水平方向、短辺方向が略垂直方向となる状態で使用されるもの)においては、下側から観察した際に階調反転が見られる場合が多い。また、通常のTNモードの液晶表示装置においては、偏光子は、その吸収軸と表示画面水平方向とがなす角が45°である場合が多い。したがって、本発明の偏光板として、偏光子の吸収軸と孔含有部の長手方向とのなす角が45°であるものを用いた場合、偏光子の吸収軸と表示画面水平方向とがなす角が45°となり且つ孔含有部の長手方向と表示画面水平方向とがなす角度が平行となる配置を容易に行うことができるので、TNモードの液晶表示装置の視野角の拡大を容易に行うことができる。
本発明の視野角拡大フィルム、又は本発明の偏光板はまた、VAモードの液晶表示装置に使用されることが好ましい。
(孔含有層の屈折率)
実施例及び比較例で得られた視野拡大フィルムを、孔含有層を構成する樹脂のTg又はTm以上であり、(Tg+20)℃以下又は(Tm+20)℃以下の適切な温度にて、クレーズが消失して透明になるまでプレスし、その後、孔含有層の屈折率を測定した。屈折率の測定装置としては屈折率・膜厚測定装置(アイリックス社製「プリズムカプラModel2010/M」)を用いた。
結晶性の判定対象物について、示差走査熱量計(DSC)を用いて、JIS K7121に従い、10℃/分の昇温速度(昇温モード)で分析を行い、吸熱ピークが存在した場合に、結晶性樹脂と判定した。
測定対象物の樹脂の、単層厚み20μmのフィルムを用意した。実施例1以外については、実施例及び比較例で得た厚み20mmのコア層用のフィルムをそのまま用いた。実施例1においては、使用した二軸延伸ポリプロピレンフィルムと同じ材質で厚みが20μmである製品を入手した。フィルムをダンベル形状に打抜き、試験片とした。これについて、ISO527-3(試験速度:50mm/min)にて引張伸びを測定した。
実施例及び比較例の液晶表示装置について、白輝度、コントラスト比、及びΔγを測定した。
測定には、分光放射計(トプコン社製、製品名「SR-LEDW」)を用いた。白輝度及びコントラスト比は、表示装置の正面方向(極角0°)から測定した。測定に際し、装置の表示面に照射される光の照度は0ルクスとした。白表示時の輝度を白輝度(単位:cd/m2)として求めた。また、(白表示時の輝度)/(黒表示時の輝度)の比をコントラスト比として求めた。高い白輝度は、輝度が良好であることを示す。高いコントラスト比は、コントラスト比が良好であることを示す。低いΔγは、視野角特性が良好であることを示す。
(1-1.材料フィルム)
幅300mm、厚み15μmの無延伸ポリプロピレンフィルム(フタムラ化学(株)社製)、及び厚み15μmの二軸延伸ポリプロピレンフィルム(フタムラ化学(株)社製)を用意した。
二軸延伸ポリプロピレンフィルムを判定対象物として、それを構成する樹脂の結晶性を判定したところ、結晶性であった。
二軸延伸ポリプロピレンフィルムを測定対象物として、引張伸びを測定したところ、引張伸びは5%であった。
無延伸ポリプロピレンフィルムと、二軸延伸ポリプロピレンフィルムとを、サーマルラミネート法で貼り合せ、材料フィルムを得た。
図3及び図4に概略的に示す装置を用いて、視野角拡大フィルムの製造を行った。装置において、ブレード30としては、SUS製のブレード(ブレードの先端R=0.2mm)を採用した。
(1-1)で得た材料フィルムを、その無延伸ポリプロピレンフィルム側の面がブレード30に接するように配置し、材料フィルム10をブレード30に押し当て、材料フィルム10の張力500N/mで、矢印A11の方向に50mm/minの速度で搬送させてクレーズ加工を行った。
クレーズ加工に際して、ブレード30のエッジ30Eの方向は、材料フィルムの幅方向(TD方向)とした。エッジ30Eの延長方向から観察したブレード30の中心線30Cと、材料フィルム10の下流側の表面とがなす角度θは20°とした。これにより、視野角拡大フィルムを製造した。
直線偏光VAモードの液晶表示装置(BenQ製、27インチ、型式GW2760HS)の視認側表面の偏光板に、(1-2)で得られた視野角拡大フィルムを貼合した。貼合に際しては、視認側偏光板における偏光子の吸収軸と、視野角拡大フィルムの孔含有部の長手方向とのなす角が90になり、且つ、孔含有部の長手方向が矩形の表示画面の短辺方向に対して平行となるように、これらの向きを調整した。また、視野角拡大フィルムの貼合は、孔含有部が形成された側の面が視認側となるように行った。これにより、本発明の液晶表示装置を得た。
(1-3)で得られた液晶表示装置について、白輝度、コントラスト比、及びΔγを測定した。
(2-1.ブロック共重合体[F1]の製造)
十分に乾燥し窒素置換した、攪拌装置を備えたステンレス鋼製反応器に、脱水シクロヘキサン256部、脱水スチレン25.0部、及びジ-n-ブチルエーテル0.65部を仕込み、60℃で攪拌しながらn-ブチルリチウム(15%シクロヘキサン溶液)0.82部を添加して重合反応を開始した。さらに、攪拌しながら60℃で60分反応させた。この時点での重合転化率は99.5%であった。反応温度は、反応停止まで60℃を維持した。
次に、反応溶液中に、スチレンモノマー25部とイソプレンモノマー25部からなる混合モノマー50部を150分間に亘って連続的に添加し、添加終了後そのまま20分間攪拌を続けた。この時点での重合転化率は99.5%であった。その後、更に、脱水スチレンを25.0部加え、60分攪拌した。この時点での重合転化率はほぼ100%であった。次いで、反応液にイソプロピルアルコール0.5部を加えて反応を停止させ、ブロック共重合体[F1]を含む重合反応溶液を得た。得られたブロック共重合体[F1]の重量平均分子量(Mw)は58,000、分子量分布(Mw/Mn)は1.03であった。
(2-1)で得た重合反応溶液を、攪拌装置を備えた耐圧反応器に移送し、水素化触媒としてシリカ-アルミナ担持型ニッケル触媒(E22U、ニッケル担持量60%;日揮化学工業社製)4.0部及び脱水シクロヘキサン350部を添加して混合した。反応器内部を水素ガスで置換し、さらに溶液を攪拌しながら水素を供給し、温度170℃、圧力4.5MPaにて6時間水素化反応を行った。
水素化反応終了後、反応溶液をろ過して水素化触媒を除去した。ろ液に、フェノール系酸化防止剤であるペンタエリスリチル・テトラキス[3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート](製品名「AO60」、ADEKA社製)0.1部を溶解したキシレン溶液1.0部を添加して溶解し、溶液とした。
次いで、上記溶液を、円筒型濃縮乾燥器(日立製作所社製、製品名「コントロ」)を用いて、温度260℃、圧力0.001MPa以下で処理し、溶液から溶媒であるシクロヘキサン、キシレン及びその他の揮発成分を除去し、溶融した樹脂を得た。これを濃縮乾燥器に連結した孔径20μmのステンレス製焼結フィルターを備えたポリマーフィルター(富士フィルター社製)により、温度260℃でろ過した後、ダイから溶融ポリマーをストランド状に押出し、冷却し、ペレタイザーによりペレットに成形した。これにより、水素化ブロック共重合体[G1]を含む、樹脂[G1]のペレットを得た。
得られた樹脂[G1]における水素化ブロック共重合体[G1]は、Stと、スチレン由来の繰り返し単位とイソプレン由来の繰り返し単位とが共存するブロック(以下、適宜「St/Ip」という。)と、Ipとからなる3元ブロック共重合体であり、それぞれのブロックの重量比は、St:St/Ip:St=25:25/25:25であった。該ブロック共重合体のMwは59,000、Mw/Mnは1.05、水素化率はほぼ100%、熱軟化温度Tsは110℃であった。
攪拌装置を備え、内部が十分に窒素置換された反応器に、脱水シクロヘキサン270部、脱水スチレン75部及びジ-n-ブチルエーテル7.0部を入れた。全容を60℃で攪拌しながら、n-ブチルリチウム(15%シクロヘキサン溶液)5.6部を加えて重合を開始させた。引続き全容を60℃で60分間攪拌した。反応温度は、反応停止まで60℃を維持した。
この時点(重合第1段階)での重合転化率は99.4%であった。
その後、更に、反応液に脱水スチレン10部を、30分間に亘って連続的に添加し、添加終了後そのまま30分攪拌した。この時点(重合第3段階)での重合転化率はほぼ100%であった。
(2-3)で得た重合体溶液を、攪拌装置を備えた耐圧反応器に移送し、水素化触媒として、珪藻土担持型ニッケル触媒(製品名「E22U」、ニッケル担持量60%、日揮触媒化成社製)4.0部、及び脱水シクロヘキサン30部を添加して混合した。反応器内部を水素ガスで置換し、さらに溶液を攪拌しながら水素を供給し、温度190℃、圧力4.5MPaにて6時間水素化反応を行った。
水素化反応により得られた反応溶液には、水素化ブロック共重合体[G2]が含まれていた。水素化ブロック共重合体[G2]のMw[G2]は71,800、分子量分布Mw/Mnは1.30、水素化率はほぼ100%であった。
次いで、上記溶液を、円筒型濃縮乾燥器(製品名「コントロ」、日立製作所社製)を用いて、温度260℃、圧力0.001MPa以下で処理し、溶液からシクロヘキサン、キシレン及びその他の揮発成分を除去し、溶融した樹脂を得た。これをダイからストランド状に押出し、冷却し、ペレタイザーによりペレットに成形した。これにより、水素化ブロック共重合体[G2]を含む、樹脂[G2]のペレット95部を製造した。
得られた樹脂[G2]における水素化ブロック共重合体[G2]は、Mw[G2]=68,500、Mw/Mn=1.30、Ts=139℃であった。
樹脂[G2]を判定対象物として、結晶性を判定したところ、非晶性であった。
樹脂[G2]を測定対象物として、引張伸びを測定したところ、引張伸びは4%であった。
材料フィルムとして、スキン層/コア層/スキン層の、2種3層の層構成を有する多層のフィルムを成形した。成形には、共押出成形用のフィルム成形装置を用いた。スキン層の材料としては、(2-2)で得た樹脂[G1]を用いた。コア層の材料としては、(2-4)で得た樹脂[G2]を用いた。
得られた材料フィルムは、幅300mm、各スキン層の厚み10μm、コア層厚み20μmであり、材料フィルム全体の厚みは40μmであった。
(2-6.視野角拡大フィルムの製造)
図3及び図4に概略的に示す装置を用いて、視野角拡大フィルムの製造を行った。装置において、ブレード30としては、SUS製のブレード(ブレードの先端R=0.2mm)を採用した。
(2-5)で得た材料フィルムを、その一方の面がブレード30に接するように配置し、材料フィルム10をブレード30に押し当て、材料フィルム10の張力450N/mで、矢印A11の方向に50mm/minの速度で搬送させてクレーズ加工を行った。
クレーズ加工に際して、ブレード30のエッジ30Eの方向は、材料フィルムの幅方向(TD方向)とした。エッジ30Eの延長方向から観察したブレード30の中心線30Cと、材料フィルム10の下流側の表面とがなす角度θは20°とした。これにより、視野角拡大フィルムを製造した。
直線偏光VAモードの液晶表示装置(実施例1の(1-3)で用いたものと同じ)の視認側表面の偏光板に、(2-6)で得られた視野角拡大フィルムを貼合した。貼合に際しては、視認側偏光板における偏光子の吸収軸と、視野角拡大フィルムの孔含有部の長手方向とのなす角が90になり、且つ、孔含有部の長手方向が矩形の表示画面の短辺方向に対して平行となるように、これらの向きを調整した。これにより、本発明の液晶表示装置を得た。
(2-7)で得られた液晶表示装置について、白輝度、コントラスト比、及びΔγを測定した。
下記の変更点の他は、実施例2と同じ操作により、液晶表示装置及びその構成要素を得て評価した。
・(2-6)の視野角拡大フィルムの製造において、SUS製のブレードを、先端R=0.2mmのものから先端R=0.5mmのものに変更した。
・(2-6)の視野角拡大フィルムの製造において、材料フィルムの張力を、450N/mから300N/mに変更した。
(4-1.材料フィルムの調製)
材料フィルムとして、スキン層/コア層/スキン層の、2種3層の層構成を有する多層フィルムを成形した。成形には、共押出成形用のフィルム成形装置を用いた。スキン層の材料としては、アクリル重合体およびゴム粒子を含むアクリル樹脂(住友化学社製「HT55X」、ガラス転移温度108℃)を用いた。コア層の材料としては、ポリメチルメタクリレート系重合体樹脂(旭化成社製、商品名「デルペット」80NH、ガラス転移温度102℃)を用いた。
得られた材料フィルムは、幅300mm、各スキン層の厚み10μm、コア層厚み20μmであり、材料フィルム全体の厚みは40μmであった。
ポリメチルメタクリレート系重合体樹脂を判定対象物として、結晶性を判定したところ、非晶性であった。
ポリメチルメタクリレート系重合体樹脂を測定対象物として、引張伸びを測定したところ、引張伸びは5%であった。
下記の変更点の他は、実施例2の(2-6)~(2-8)と同じ操作により、液晶表示装置及びその構成要素を得て評価した。
・(2-6)の視野角拡大フィルムの製造において、(2-5)で得た材料フィルムに代えて、(4-1)で得た材料フィルムを用いた。
(5-1.材料フィルムの調製)
材料フィルムとして、スキン層/コア層/スキン層の、2種3層の層構成を有する多層フィルムを成形した。成形には、共押出成形用のフィルム成形装置を用いた。スキン層の材料としては、ノルボルネン系重合体1(商品名:ゼオノア1600、日本ゼオン株式会社製、ガラス転移温度163℃)を用いた。コア層の材料としては、ノルボルネン系重合体2(商品名:ゼオネックスK26R、日本ゼオン株式会社製、ガラス転移温度143℃)を用いた。
得られた材料フィルムは、幅300mm、各スキン層の厚み10μm、コア層厚み20μmであり、材料フィルム全体の厚みは40μmであった。
ノルボルネン系重合体2(ゼオネックスK26R)を判定対象物として、結晶性を判定したところ、非晶性であった。
ノルボルネン系重合体2(ゼオネックスK26R)を測定対象物として、引張伸びを測定したところ、引張伸びは2%であった。
下記の変更点の他は、実施例2の(2-6)~(2-8)と同じ操作により、液晶表示装置及びその構成要素を得て評価した。
・(2-6)の視野角拡大フィルムの製造において、(2-5)で得た材料フィルムに代えて、(5-1)で得た材料フィルムを用いた。
・(2-6)の視野角拡大フィルムの製造において、材料フィルムの張力を、450N/mから700N/mに変更した。
実施例1~5において液晶表示装置そのものについて、白輝度、コントラスト比、及びΔγを測定した。
(C2-1.材料フィルムの調製)
材料フィルムとして、スキン層/コア層/スキン層の、2種3層の層構成を有する多層フィルムを成形した。成形には、共押出成形用のフィルム成形装置を用いた。スキン層の材料としては、アクリル重合体およびゴム粒子を含むアクリル樹脂(住友化学社製「HT55X」、ガラス転移温度108℃)を用いた。コア層の材料としては、スチレン-無水マレイン酸共重合体樹脂(NovaChemicals社製「DylarkD332」、ガラス転移温度128℃)を用いた。
得られた材料フィルムは、幅300mm、各スキン層の厚み10μm、コア層厚み20μmであり、材料フィルム全体の厚みは40μmであった。
スチレン-無水マレイン酸共重合体樹脂を判定対象物として、結晶性を判定したところ、非晶性であった。
スチレン-無水マレイン酸共重合体樹脂を測定対象物として、引張伸びを測定したところ、引張伸びは2%であった。
下記の変更点の他は、実施例2の(2-6)~(2-8)と同じ操作により、液晶表示装置及びその構成要素を得て評価した。
・(2-6)の視野角拡大フィルムの製造において、(2-5)で得た材料フィルムに代えて、(C2-1)で得た材料フィルムを用いた。
・(2-6)の視野角拡大フィルムの製造において、材料フィルムの張力を、450N/mから500N/mに変更した。
(C3-1.材料フィルムの調製)
材料フィルムとして、スキン層/コア層/スキン層の、2種3層の層構成を有する多層フィルムを成形した。成形には、共押出成形用のフィルム成形装置を用いた。スキン層の材料としては、ポリカーボネート樹脂(商品名「パンライトAD5503」、帝人株式会社製、ガラス転移温度142℃)を用いた。コア層の材料としては、別のポリカーボネート樹脂(商品名「ユーピロンHL8004」、三菱エンジニアリングプラスチックス株式会社製、ガラス転移温度136℃)を用いた。
得られた材料フィルムは、幅300mm、各スキン層の厚み10μm、コア層厚み20μmであり、材料フィルム全体の厚みは40μmであった。
スチレン-無水マレイン酸共重合体樹脂を判定対象物として、結晶性を判定したところ、非晶性であった。
スチレン-無水マレイン酸共重合体樹脂を測定対象物として、引張伸びを測定したところ、引張伸びは2%であった。
下記の変更点の他は、実施例2の(2-6)~(2-8)と同じ操作により、液晶表示装置及びその構成要素を得て評価した。
・(2-6)の視野角拡大フィルムの製造において、(2-5)で得た材料フィルムに代えて、(C3-1)で得た材料フィルムを用いた。
・(2-6)の視野角拡大フィルムの製造において、材料フィルムの張力を、450N/mから700N/mに変更した。
10 フィルム
20 孔含有部
21 クレーズ(孔含有部)
211 フィブリル
212 孔
100 クレーズ加工装置
30 ブレード
Claims (12)
- 視野角を拡大するための視野角拡大フィルムであって、前記視野角拡大フィルムは、1層以上の樹脂層を備え、
前記樹脂層の1層以上は孔含有層であり、
前記孔含有層は、互いに略平行な孔含有部を複数備え、
前記孔含有部は孔を含有し、
前記孔含有層は、その屈折率が1.53以下である、視野角拡大フィルム。 - 前記孔含有層を構成する樹脂が、非晶性樹脂である、請求項1に記載の視野角拡大フィルム。
- 2層以上の前記樹脂層を備える、請求項1又は2に記載の視野角拡大フィルム。
- 隣り合う前記孔含有部の間隔が、50μm以下のランダムな間隔である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の視野角拡大フィルム。
- 紫外線吸収剤を含有する、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の視野角拡大フィルム。
- 前記視野角拡大フィルムが、偏光板保護フィルムである、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の視野角拡大フィルム。
- 前記孔含有部がクレーズからなる、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の視野角拡大フィルム。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の視野角拡大フィルムと、偏光子とを備える、偏光板。
- 前記孔含有部の長手方向が、前記偏光子の吸収軸に対して平行又は垂直である、請求項8に記載の偏光板。
- 前記偏光子の吸収軸と前記孔含有部の長手方向とのなす角が45°である、請求項8に記載の偏光板。
- 視認側から、請求項8又は9に記載の偏光板、及びTNモードの液晶セルを、この順で備えるTNモードの液晶表示装置であって、
前記偏光板は、その前記視野角拡大フィルム側の面が視認側となるよう配置され、
表示画面を斜め方向から視認した時に階調反転する方位角度と前記孔含有部の長手方向とのなす角が垂直である、TNモードの液晶表示装置。 - 視認側から、請求項8又は9に記載の偏光板、及びVAモードの液晶セルを、この順で備えるVAモードの液晶表示装置であって、
前記偏光板は、その前記視野角拡大フィルム側の面が視認側となるよう配置される、VAモードの液晶表示装置。
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| JP2018559137A JP6977736B2 (ja) | 2016-12-28 | 2017-12-22 | 液晶表示装置 |
| KR1020197015357A KR20190096982A (ko) | 2016-12-28 | 2017-12-22 | 시야각 확대 필름, 편광판, 및 액정 표시 장치 |
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| JP (1) | JP6977736B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20190096982A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN110036314A (ja) |
| TW (1) | TW201832916A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2018123838A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020080258A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-19 | 2020-04-23 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 視野角拡大フィルム、偏光板、液晶表示装置、及び視野角拡大フィルムの製造方法 |
| WO2020262498A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-27 | 2020-12-30 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 視野角拡大フィルム、偏光板、液晶表示装置、及び視野角拡大フィルムの製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6968854B2 (ja) * | 2019-09-19 | 2021-11-17 | 住友化学株式会社 | 偏光板の製造方法及び偏光板 |
| CN111526293B (zh) * | 2020-04-30 | 2021-10-15 | 张赛 | 一种基于智能终端拍摄模式的调整供电的方法和装置 |
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| JPH0885161A (ja) * | 1994-09-16 | 1996-04-02 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | クレーズを有する樹脂フィルムの製造方法 |
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| DE69716868T2 (de) * | 1996-08-05 | 2003-07-03 | Teijin Ltd., Osaka | Orientierter film mit poren |
| US6939499B2 (en) | 2001-05-31 | 2005-09-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Processes and apparatus for making transversely drawn films with substantially uniaxial character |
| KR101455895B1 (ko) | 2007-12-27 | 2014-11-03 | 가부시키가이샤 가네카 | 연신 필름의 제조 방법, 필름의 제조 방법 및 필름 |
| US20120075547A1 (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2012-03-29 | Iori Aoyama | Optical member and liquid crystal display device having the same |
| CN103080782B (zh) * | 2010-08-27 | 2015-09-09 | 东洋纺株式会社 | 视角提高膜、液晶显示装置及视角改善方法 |
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- 2017-12-22 WO PCT/JP2017/046057 patent/WO2018123838A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2017-12-22 TW TW106145414A patent/TW201832916A/zh unknown
- 2017-12-22 KR KR1020197015357A patent/KR20190096982A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2017-12-22 CN CN201780073157.9A patent/CN110036314A/zh active Pending
- 2017-12-22 JP JP2018559137A patent/JP6977736B2/ja active Active
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| JPH0885161A (ja) * | 1994-09-16 | 1996-04-02 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | クレーズを有する樹脂フィルムの製造方法 |
| JP2000075137A (ja) * | 1998-09-01 | 2000-03-14 | Nitto Denko Corp | 光拡散偏光板 |
| JP2008090068A (ja) * | 2006-10-03 | 2008-04-17 | Nakajima Kogyo:Kk | 光制御性フィルム |
| WO2011048987A1 (ja) * | 2009-10-22 | 2011-04-28 | 東洋紡績株式会社 | 液晶表示装置用視野角向上フィルム、視野角向上機能付保護フィルム、及び液晶表示装置 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2020080258A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-19 | 2020-04-23 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 視野角拡大フィルム、偏光板、液晶表示装置、及び視野角拡大フィルムの製造方法 |
| WO2020262498A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-27 | 2020-12-30 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 視野角拡大フィルム、偏光板、液晶表示装置、及び視野角拡大フィルムの製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2018123838A1 (ja) | 2019-10-31 |
| CN110036314A (zh) | 2019-07-19 |
| KR20190096982A (ko) | 2019-08-20 |
| JP6977736B2 (ja) | 2021-12-08 |
| TW201832916A (zh) | 2018-09-16 |
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