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WO2018122631A1 - Procédé de délestage de charge pendant un transfert de bus et dispositif électronique intelligent associé - Google Patents

Procédé de délestage de charge pendant un transfert de bus et dispositif électronique intelligent associé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018122631A1
WO2018122631A1 PCT/IB2017/054657 IB2017054657W WO2018122631A1 WO 2018122631 A1 WO2018122631 A1 WO 2018122631A1 IB 2017054657 W IB2017054657 W IB 2017054657W WO 2018122631 A1 WO2018122631 A1 WO 2018122631A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
feeder
load
bus
decay
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2017/054657
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Arinjai Gupta
Ahmed M
Shivangi MAHAMMADPURKAR
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Schweiz AG
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ABB Schweiz AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Schweiz AG filed Critical ABB Schweiz AG
Publication of WO2018122631A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018122631A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
    • H02J3/42—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator with automatic parallel connection when synchronisation is achieved
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks for adjusting voltage in AC networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks for adjusting voltage in AC networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H02J2105/12—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/248—UPS systems or standby or emergency generators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the field of power management systems and more particularly to a method for load shedding during bus transfer and an intelligent electronic device thereof.
  • load shedding is to improve the chance of successful transfer by eliminating unnecessary equipment and to minimize the stress placed upon equipment during the transfer. Shedding non-essential load reduces the magnitude and/or duration of the transient voltage decay.
  • Present day bus transfer devices perform load shedding based on various load-shed modes during transfer. The various load shed modes are: Instantaneous, Voltage Base (load shedding done when voltage reaches a pre-defined threshold during the transfer) & Time base (load shedding done when pre-defined time has elapsed since bus transfer trigger command).
  • bus transfer usually requires coordinated and integrated load shedding to be carried out.
  • load shedding schemes when the command is issued to close contacts for connecting the standby source to the load, the voltage at the load will have collapsed much below an acceptable level. Under this condition, once the contacts are closed completely, the standby source will experience a heavy inrush and tripping may take place for protection purposes.
  • the load shedding command is issued late and the voltage / frequency profile of load collapses significantly. After close command issued for connecting the standby source to the load, the frequency and voltage profiles continue to decay until the closing of the contacts is complete, resulting in high inrush followed by tripping for protection.
  • the present invention provides a method for load shedding in a multiphase electrical system controlled by at least one Intelligent Electronic Device during a bus transfer from a first feeder to a second feeder for powering a load bus connecting a plurality of loads with one of the first feeder and the second feeder, the at least one Intelligent Electronic Device: measuring a first voltage magnitude in a first voltage cycle from the load bus with a voltage measurement device connected at the load bus; measuring a second voltage magnitude in a second voltage cycle from the load bus with the voltage measurement device connected at the load bus; determining rate of decay of voltage based on measured first voltage magnitude and second voltage magnitude; predicting a decay in voltage of the load bus based on determined rate of decay of voltage; and operating at least one switching device for load shedding of at least one load from the plurality of loads connected in the load bus based on the predicted decay in voltage of the load bus during the bus transfer from the first feeder to the second feeder.
  • determining rate of decay of voltage comprises computing a first order gradient of voltage based on first voltage magnitude and second voltage magnitude.
  • the method described herein above further comprises determining rate of decay by computing a second order gradient of voltage based on the first order gradient of voltage.
  • the bus transfer from the first feeder to the second feeder comprises computing a synchronization time based on an instantaneous angle of separation between a voltage of at least one of the first feeder or the second feeder and the voltage of the load bus using instantaneous voltage magnitude of the voltage of at least one of the first feeder or the second feeder and instantaneous voltage magnitude of the voltage of the load bus.
  • the bus transfer from the first feeder to the second feeder comprises actuating the bus transfer from the first feeder to the second feeder for powering a load bus based on the synchronization time.
  • the present invention also provides an Intelligent Electronic Device for controlling load shedding in a multiphase electrical system during a bus transfer from a first feeder to a second feeder for powering a load bus connecting a plurality of loads with one of the first feeder and the second feeder, the Intelligent Electronic Device configured to: measure a first voltage magnitude in a first voltage cycle from the load bus with a voltage measurement device connected at the load bus; measure a second voltage magnitude in a second voltage cycle from the load bus with the voltage measurement device connected at the load bus; determine rate of decay of voltage based on measured first voltage magnitude and second voltage magnitude; predict a decay in voltage of the load bus based on determined rate of decay of voltage; and operate at least one switching device for load shedding of at least one load from the plurality of loads connected in the load bus based on the predicted decay in voltage of the load bus during the bus transfer from the first feeder to the second feeder.
  • the voltage measuring device is a potential transformer.
  • the switching device is a circuit breaker.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram representation of an intelligent electronic device (IED) connected to a first feeder, a second feeder and a load bus;
  • IED intelligent electronic device
  • Figure 2 illustrates a phasor diagram of load voltage after the main source is disconnected
  • Figure 3 illustrates a phasor diagram of load voltage indicating advanced load shedding
  • Figure 4 illustrates the method for advanced load shedding during bus transfer
  • Figure 5 illustrates load voltage profile after main source is disconnected without advance load shedding
  • Figure 6 illustrates load voltage profile after main source is disconnected with advance load shedding; and [0022]
  • Figure 7 illustrates a sampled load voltage signal along with a signal showing zero crossing time instances for estimating magnitude of load voltage.
  • the present invention is related to a method for load shedding during bus transfer and the steps of the method are being performed by a computing/processing device such as an intelligent electronic device (IED).
  • IEDs are commonly used for control or protection functions in electrical networks.
  • the invention provides a method for load shedding in a multiphase electrical system during a bus transfer from a first feeder to a second feeder for powering a load bus.
  • the first feeder can be a main source of supply or main feeder and the second feeder can be a standby feeder.
  • the energy required for auxiliary drives in a power station is supplied from a relevant generator group via a transformer provided for this purpose (main feeder).
  • main feeder a transformer provided for this purpose
  • the generator may fail to supply this energy.
  • a standby supply standby feeder
  • the process of switching from one feeder to the other is called bus transfer.
  • the bus transfer is carried out by a bus transfer device like an intelligent electronic device (IED). Since bus transfer leads to high inrush current load shedding is adopted.
  • IED intelligent electronic device
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram representation of an intelligent electronic device (IED) 100 connected to a first feeder 110, a second feeder 120 and a load bus 130.
  • IED intelligent electronic device
  • the voltage drop at the first feeder 110 can be measured by a voltage measuring device like a potential transformer 140
  • the voltage drop at the second feeder 120 can be measured by another potential transformer 150.
  • the first feeder 110 and the second feeder 120 are connected to the load bus 130 via a first switching device 160 and a second switching device 170 respectively.
  • the first switching device 160 and the second switching device 170 can be a circuit breaker.
  • the IED 100 controls the bus transfer from the first feeder 110 to a second feeder 120 for powering the load bus 130.
  • the bus transfer connects a plurality of loads 180 with one of the first feeder 110 and the second feeder 120.
  • the load bus 130 is connected to a plurality of loads like motor loads 180 via a plurality of switching devices 190.
  • a voltage measuring device 195 is connected at the load bus 130 for providing voltage magnitude information from the load bus 130.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a phasor diagram of load voltage after the main source is disconnected.
  • Figure 2 shows a decaying voltage profile 200 of the load bus once the switching device 160 is opened and the first feeder 110 is disconnected from the load bus 130.
  • the decaying phasor 200 indicates a phasor representation of voltage decay at the first feeder 110.
  • the phasor 200 rotates and decays to a level of magnitude below a certain acceptable voltage level called the Residual Voltage 210.
  • the second feeder phasor representation is indicated by 220 with magnitude indicated at 230.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a phasor diagram of load voltage indicating advanced load shedding.
  • the phasor voltage for the second feeder is indicated as 300 and the phasor voltage for the load bus is indicated as 310.
  • the phasor 320 indicates the phasor for advanced load shedding.
  • the phasor 330 indicates the phasor when the load bus voltage becomes less than or equal to the residual voltage.
  • the phasor 340 indicates the instance when the command to close is issued to the second feeder.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a method 400 for advanced load shedding during bus transfer in a multiphase electrical system controlled by the Intelligent Electronic Device 100 during a bus transfer from a first feeder 110 to a second feeder 120.
  • the bus transfer is carried out for powering the load bus 130 connecting a plurality of loads 140 with one of the first feeder 110 and the second feeder 120.
  • the IED 100 performs the steps of the method and as depicted in step 410, firstly the IED measures a first voltage magnitude in a first voltage cycle from the load bus 130 with a voltage measurement device connected at the load bus.
  • the voltage measuring device 195 can be a potential transformer.
  • a second voltage magnitude in a second voltage cycle is measured from the load bus 130 with the voltage measurement device 195 connected at the load bus.
  • the voltage cycles mentioned herein above can be a half cycle or a full cycle of voltage signal or any higher factor thereof.
  • the voltage cycles can be determined with zero crossing detection.
  • a rate of decay of voltage based on measured first voltage magnitude and second voltage magnitude is determined.
  • the rate of decay of voltage may be obtained in various methods, for example in this invention the rate of decay of voltage can be determined by computing a first order gradient of voltage based on first voltage magnitude and second voltage magnitude.
  • a decay in voltage of the load bus based on determined rate of decay of voltage is predicted.
  • the rate of decay in voltage of the load bus provides an estimate or prediction of a deteriorating voltage profile. This prediction is used to carry out the advance load shedding.
  • a switching device is operated for load shedding of a load from the plurality of loads connected in the load bus based on the predicted decay in voltage of the load bus during the bus transfer from the first feeder to the second feeder. Shedding of unnecessary loads in advance of the closing of the switching device 170 for connecting the second feeder 120 to the load bus 130 reduces stress on the second feeder when the switching device 170 is closed. Essentially, the load shedding is performed in co-ordination with the bus transfer and avoids huge inrush flows. The critical decision for shedding unnecessary loads in an advanced manner can be taken in an efficient manner by using the method of the embodiments disclosed of this invention.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates load voltage profile after main source is disconnected without advance load shedding.
  • the voltage versus time plot i.e plot of terminal RMS voltage when advance load shedding is not performed is depicted.
  • the plot in Figure 5 shows a deteriorated voltage profile.
  • Figure 6 illustrates load voltage profile after main source is disconnected with advance load shedding. As observed in Figure 6 for the plot of RMS voltage with advanced load shedding, an improved voltage profile is indicated.
  • Figure 7 illustrates a sampled load voltage signal along with a signal showing zero crossing time instances for estimating magnitude of load voltage.
  • Figure 7A illustrates a sampled voltage signal at the load bus for deriving at the RMS value of the load voltage from the voltage signal samples between two zero-crossing detection. The equation below indicates the RMS value of voltage:
  • N Number of samples taken between two consecutive zero crossing detection.
  • Figure 7B illustrates a signal showing zero crossing time instances for estimating magnitude of load voltage.
  • Figure 7B shows how the rate(s) of change of load voltage can be estimated from the calculated RMS value Vi.
  • equations 2A, 2B and 2C represent the first order voltage gradient obtained from the calculated RMS value of equation 1.
  • Equation 2A, 2B and 2C the second order voltage gradient may be obtained as shown below in equations 3A and 3 C:
  • the bus transfer from the first feeder to the second feeder may be performed by any method known in the art.
  • a synchronization time is computed. This synchronization time is based on an instantaneous angle of separation between a voltage of the first feeder and the voltage of the load bus. Alternately, instantaneous angle of separation between a voltage of the second feeder and the voltage of the load bus may also be computed. For this purpose an instantaneous voltage magnitude of the voltage of the first feeder or the second feeder and instantaneous voltage magnitude of the voltage of the load bus can be used.
  • the bus transfer from the first feeder to the second feeder is performed by actuating the bus transfer from the first feeder to the second feeder for powering a load bus based on the synchronization time. Performing the bus transfer at the synchronization time ensures avoiding any fault due to out of phase components as they may further lead to torques and cause damage to the motor loads.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de délestage de charge pendant un transfert de bus d'un premier dispositif d'alimentation à un second dispositif d'alimentation pour alimenter un bus de charge qui connecte une pluralité de charges et un dispositif électronique intelligent (IED) associé. L'IED : mesure une première amplitude de tension dans un premier cycle de tension à partir d'un bus de charge ; mesure une seconde amplitude de tension dans un second cycle de tension à partir du bus de charge ; détermine un taux de déclin de tension sur la base de la première amplitude de tension et de la seconde amplitude de tension mesurées ; prédit un déclin de tension du bus de charge sur la base d'un taux déterminé de déclin de tension ; et actionne un dispositif de commutation pour le délestage de charge d'une charge à partir de la pluralité de charges connectées dans le bus de charge sur la base du déclin prédit de la tension du bus de charge pendant le transfert de bus d'un premier dispositif d'alimentation à un second dispositif d'alimentation.
PCT/IB2017/054657 2016-12-28 2017-07-31 Procédé de délestage de charge pendant un transfert de bus et dispositif électronique intelligent associé Ceased WO2018122631A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN201641044557 2016-12-28
IN201641044557 2016-12-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018122631A1 true WO2018122631A1 (fr) 2018-07-05

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080111507A1 (en) * 2006-11-14 2008-05-15 Yalla Murty V V S Digital system for motor bus transfer
US7582986B2 (en) * 2004-10-08 2009-09-01 Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Compensated inverse-time undervoltage load shedding systems
WO2015044803A1 (fr) * 2013-09-26 2015-04-02 Abb Technology Procédé de connexion de sous-systèmes d'un système d'alimentation électrique et dispositif électronique intelligent associé
US20150270714A1 (en) * 2012-10-01 2015-09-24 Abb Technology Ltd Method and a system for a fast bus transfer in an electrical power system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7582986B2 (en) * 2004-10-08 2009-09-01 Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Compensated inverse-time undervoltage load shedding systems
US20080111507A1 (en) * 2006-11-14 2008-05-15 Yalla Murty V V S Digital system for motor bus transfer
US20150270714A1 (en) * 2012-10-01 2015-09-24 Abb Technology Ltd Method and a system for a fast bus transfer in an electrical power system
WO2015044803A1 (fr) * 2013-09-26 2015-04-02 Abb Technology Procédé de connexion de sous-systèmes d'un système d'alimentation électrique et dispositif électronique intelligent associé

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