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WO2018120791A1 - Électrolyte et batterie secondaire - Google Patents

Électrolyte et batterie secondaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018120791A1
WO2018120791A1 PCT/CN2017/093861 CN2017093861W WO2018120791A1 WO 2018120791 A1 WO2018120791 A1 WO 2018120791A1 CN 2017093861 W CN2017093861 W CN 2017093861W WO 2018120791 A1 WO2018120791 A1 WO 2018120791A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
group
carbon atoms
bis
sulfate
electrolyte
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2017/093861
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王小梅
周晓崇
付成华
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2018120791A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018120791A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of battery technologies, and in particular, to an electrolyte and a secondary battery.
  • lithium ion secondary batteries as the working power source for electronic products, have the characteristics of high energy density, no memory effect, high working voltage, etc., and are gradually replacing the traditional Ni-Cd, MH-Ni battery.
  • the demand for lithium ion secondary batteries has been continuously improved. It has become a top priority to develop lithium ion secondary batteries with high energy density and satisfying rapid charge and discharge.
  • an effective method is to increase the voltage of the electrode active material, the compaction density, and the selection of a suitable electrolyte.
  • lithium-ion secondary batteries widely used in electrolytes include lithium hexafluorophosphate as a conductive lithium salt and a mixture of a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate.
  • the above electrolyte still has many disadvantages, particularly at a high voltage. Under the lithium ion secondary battery, the performance is poor, such as poor cycle performance, poor high temperature storage performance, poor safety performance, and poor rate performance.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte and a secondary battery capable of simultaneously improving high-temperature storage performance and high-temperature cycle performance of a secondary battery when the electrolyte is applied to a secondary battery.
  • the present invention provides an electrolyte comprising an electrolyte salt, an organic solvent, and an additive.
  • the additive includes a silyl sulfate and a dinitrile compound and/or a trinitrile compound.
  • the invention provides a secondary battery comprising an electrolyte according to an aspect of the invention.
  • the electrolyte of the present invention includes both a silane-based sulfate and a dinitrile compound and/or a trinitrile compound, and when applied to a secondary battery, the high-temperature storage performance of the secondary battery can be simultaneously improved by the synergistic action of the above substances. And high temperature cycle performance.
  • the electrolytic solution according to the first aspect of the invention includes an electrolyte salt, an organic solvent, and an additive.
  • the additive includes a silyl sulfate and a dinitrile compound and/or a trinitrile compound.
  • the silane-based sulfate has a high reduction potential, and the high-temperature cycle performance of the secondary battery can be improved.
  • the dinitrile compound and the trinitrile compound are easily complexed with the positive electrode to reduce the side reaction at high temperature and inhibit the high temperature gas generation of the secondary battery.
  • the nitrile group has strong electron absorption characteristics, it is easy to obtain an electron reduction reaction at the negative electrode.
  • the unstable product of the reduction product is deposited on the negative electrode, which affects the cycle performance of the secondary battery.
  • the silyl sulfate may be selected from one or more of the compounds represented by Formula 1.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are each independently selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and a carbon number of One of an alkynyl group of 2 to 5 and an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and an H atom of an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group or an alkoxy group may be further represented by F, Cl, Br, I, One or more substitutions of a cyano group, a carboxyl group, or a sulfonic acid group.
  • the silyl sulfate may be selected from the group consisting of bis(trimethylsilyl) sulfate, bis(triethylsilyl) sulfate, and double ( Tri-n-propylsilyl)sulfate, bis(triisopropylsilyl)sulfate, bis(tri-n-butylsilyl)sulfate, bis(triisobutylsilyl)sulfate, double (three uncle Butylsilyl) sulfate, bis(trimethoxysilyl) sulfate, bis(triethoxy) Silicate) sulfate, bis(tri-n-propoxysilyl)sulfate, bis(triisopropoxysilyl)sulfate, bis(tri-n-butoxysilyl)sulfate, bis(tri-sec-butyl) Oxysilyl) sulfate, bis(trimethylsilyl) sulfate
  • the dinitrile compound may be selected from one or more of the compounds represented by Formula 2.
  • R 7 is selected from the group consisting of an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkyleneoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and a carbon atom.
  • the number is a halogenated alkyleneoxy group of 1 to 20, an alkenylene group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or a halogenated alkenylene group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • the halogen atom may be selected from one or more of F, Cl, Br, and I.
  • R 7 is selected from the group consisting of an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and a carbon number.
  • the halogen atom may be selected from one or more of F, Cl, and Br.
  • the number of oxygen atoms in the alkyleneoxy group or the haloalkyleneoxy group may be one, two or more.
  • the dinitrile compound may be selected from the group consisting of malononitrile, succinonitrile, 2-methylsuccinonitrile, tetramethylsuccinonitrile, and pentane Nitrile, 2-methylglutaronitrile, adiponitrile, fumaronitrile, 2-methyleneglutaronitrile, 3,5-dioxa-heptonitrile, ethylene glycol bis(2-cyanoethyl) Ether, diethylene glycol bis(2-cyanoethyl) ether, triethylene glycol bis(2-cyanoethyl) ether, tetraethylene glycol bis(2-cyanoethyl) ether, 1 , 2-bis(2-cyanoethoxy)ethane, 1,3-bis(2-cyanoethoxy)propane, 1,4-bis(2-cyanoethoxy)butane, 1, 5-bis(2-cyanoethoxy)pentane, ethylene glycol bis(2-cyanoethyl) Ether, diethylene
  • the trinitrile compound may be selected from one or more of the compounds represented by Formula 3.
  • R 8 and R 9 are each independently selected from an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkyleneoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and a halogenated group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • the halogen atom may be selected from one or more of F, Cl, Br, and I.
  • R 8 and R 9 are each independently selected from an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and an alkylene oxide having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. a group, a halogenated alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkyleneoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • One of the haloalkenylene groups, wherein, preferably, the halogen atom may be selected from one or more of F, Cl, and Br.
  • the number of oxygen atoms in the alkyleneoxy group or the haloalkyleneoxy group may be one, two or more.
  • the trinitrile compound may be selected from the group consisting of 1,3,6-hexanetrizonitrile, 1,2,3-propanetricarbonitrile, 1,3, One or more of 5-pentane tricarbonitrile.
  • R 8 and R 9 form a cyclic structure, that is, the trinitrile compound has a cyclic structure.
  • the trinitrile compound may be selected from one or both of 1,3,5-benzenetriazonitrile and 1,3,5-cyclohexanetricarbonitrile.
  • the content of the silane-based sulfate may be 0.5% to 10% of the total weight of the electrolyte, and preferably, the content of the silane-based sulfate may be The total weight of the electrolyte is from 1% to 5%.
  • the total content of the dinitrile compound and/or the trinitrile compound may be from 0.5% to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolytic solution, preferably, the dinitrile
  • the total content of the compound and/or trinitrile compound may range from 1% to 5% of the total weight of the electrolyte.
  • the electrolyte salt may be selected from a lithium salt, a sodium salt or a zinc salt, which varies depending on the secondary battery to which the electrolyte is applied.
  • the content of the electrolyte salt is 6.2% to 25% of the total weight of the electrolytic solution, and preferably, the content of the electrolyte salt is the electrolytic solution.
  • the total weight is from 6.25% to 18.8%, and further preferably, the content of the electrolyte salt is from 10% to 15% of the total weight of the electrolyte.
  • the specific kind of the organic solvent is not There are special restrictions, which can be selected according to actual needs.
  • a non-aqueous organic solvent is used.
  • the non-aqueous organic solvent may include any kind of carbonate, carboxylate.
  • the carbonate may include a cyclic carbonate or a chain carbonate.
  • the non-aqueous organic solvent may also include a halogenated compound of a carbonate.
  • the organic solvent may be selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate, pentylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), Diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), methyl formate, ethyl formate, ethyl acetate, propyl propionate, ethyl propionate, ⁇ -butyrolactone (BL One or more of tetrahydrofuran (THF).
  • EC ethylene carbonate
  • PC propylene carbonate
  • PC butylene carbonate
  • pentylene carbonate fluoroethylene carbonate
  • DMC dimethyl carbonate
  • DEC Diethyl carbonate
  • EMC dipropyl carbonate
  • EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
  • BL tetrahydrofuran
  • alkyl alkenyl, alkynyl, “alkoxy”, “alkylene” appearing in the specification, "Haloalkylene”, “alkoxy”, “haloalkyleneoxy”, “alkenylene”, “haloalkenylene” and the like may be either a chain structure or a ring shape. structure.
  • a secondary battery according to a second aspect of the invention includes the electrolytic solution according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the secondary battery further includes: a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode film disposed on the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode film includes a positive electrode active material, a binder, and a conductive agent.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and an negative electrode film disposed on the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode film includes a negative electrode active material, a binder, and may also include a conductive agent.
  • the separator is spaced between the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab.
  • the separator may be any separator material used in the existing secondary battery, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and multilayers thereof. Composite membranes, but are not limited to these.
  • the secondary battery may be a lithium ion secondary battery, a sodium ion secondary battery, or a zinc ion secondary battery.
  • the electrolyte salt may be selected from a lithium salt, and the lithium salt may be selected from the group consisting of LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiFSI, LiTFSI, LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiBOB, LiDFOB, LiPO.
  • LiPF 6 LiBF 4 , LiFSI, LiTFSI, LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiBOB, LiDFOB, LiPO.
  • LiPF 6 LiBF 4 , LiFSI, LiTFSI, LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiBOB, LiDFOB, LiPO.
  • LiTFOP LiN(SO 2 RF) 2
  • LiN(SO 2 F)(SO 2 RF)(SO 2 RF) LiN(SO 2 F)(SO 2 RF)
  • n is an integer within 1 to 10.
  • the lithium salt is LiPF 6 .
  • the positive electrode active material may be selected from lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickelate (LiNiO 2 ), spinel-type LiMn 2 O 4 , olivine-type LiMPO 4 , one of ternary positive electrode materials LiNi x A y B (1-xy) O 2 and Li 1-x' (A' y' B' z' C 1-y'-z' ) O 2 or Several.
  • M is selected from one or more of Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, and V; and in the ternary positive electrode material LiNi x A y B (1-xy) O 2 , A and B are each independently selected from one of Co, Al, and Mn, and A and B are not the same, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1 and x+y ⁇ 1; in the ternary positive electrode material Li 1 -x' (A' y' B' z' C 1-y'-z' ) In O 2 , A', B', and C are each independently selected from one of Co, Ni, Fe, and Mn, 0 ⁇ x' ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y' ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ z' ⁇ 1 and y'+z' ⁇ 1, and A', B', and C are different.
  • the anode active material may be selected from metallic lithium.
  • the negative active material may also be selected from materials capable of intercalating lithium at ⁇ 2 V (vs. Li/Li + ).
  • the negative active material may be selected from natural graphite, artificial graphite, mesophase micro carbon spheres ( Abbreviated as MCMB), hard carbon, soft carbon, silicon, silicon-carbon composite, Li-Sn alloy, Li-Sn-O alloy, Sn, SnO, SnO 2 , spinel structure lithiated TiO 2 -Li 4 One or more of Ti 5 O 12 and Li-Al alloy.
  • the secondary battery is a sodium ion secondary battery or a zinc ion secondary battery, it is only necessary to change the corresponding positive electrode active material, negative electrode active material, and electrolyte salt.
  • A1 bis(trifluoromethylsilyl) sulfate
  • the lithium ion secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 11 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were all produced in the following manner. Ready.
  • the positive electrode active material lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2 ), the binder polyvinylidene fluoride, and the conductive agent acetylene black were mixed at a weight ratio of 98:1:1, and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) was added under the action of a vacuum mixer.
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • the negative electrode active material artificial graphite, thickener sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and binder styrene-butadiene rubber were mixed at a weight ratio of 98:1:1, deionized water was added, and a negative electrode slurry was obtained under the action of a vacuum mixer.
  • the negative electrode slurry was uniformly coated on a negative electrode current collector copper foil having a thickness of 8 ⁇ m; the copper foil was air-dried at room temperature, transferred to an oven at 120 ° C for 1 hour, and then subjected to cold pressing and slitting to obtain a negative electrode sheet.
  • a 16 ⁇ m thick polypropylene separator (model C210, supplied by Celgard) was used.
  • the positive electrode sheet, the separator film and the negative electrode sheet are stacked in order, so that the separator is in a role of isolation between the positive and negative electrode sheets, and then wound to obtain a bare cell; the bare cell is placed in the outer packaging foil, The prepared electrolyte solution is injected into the dried bare cell, and subjected to vacuum encapsulation, standing, formation, shaping, and the like to obtain a lithium ion secondary battery.
  • the lithium ion secondary battery was charged at a constant current of 1 C to a voltage of 4.45 V at 45 ° C, further charged at a constant voltage of 4.45 V until the current was 0.05 C, and then discharged at a constant current of 1 C to a voltage of 3.0 V.
  • a charge and discharge cycle, this discharge capacity is the discharge capacity of the first cycle.
  • the lithium ion secondary battery was subjected to 300 cycles of charge/discharge test in accordance with the above method, and the discharge capacity at the 300th cycle was detected.
  • the capacity retention ratio (%) of the lithium ion secondary battery after circulating at 45 ° C for 300 times (discharge capacity of 300 cycles of lithium ion secondary battery discharge / discharge capacity of the first cycle of lithium ion secondary battery) ⁇ 100%.
  • 15 lithium ion secondary batteries were tested in each group and averaged.
  • the lithium ion secondary battery was charged at a constant current of 0.5 C to a voltage of 4.45 V at 25 ° C, and then charged at a constant voltage of 4.45 V until the current was 0.05 C. At this time, the thickness of the lithium ion secondary battery was tested and recorded as h. 0; after the lithium ion secondary battery is placed in a thermostat 60 deg.] C, removed after 30 days storage, the thickness of the test case and a lithium ion secondary battery is referred to as h 1.
  • the thickness expansion ratio of the lithium ion secondary battery after storage at 60 ° C for 30 days [(h 1 -h 0 ) / h 0 ] ⁇ 100%.
  • 15 lithium ion secondary batteries were tested in each group and averaged.
  • Example 1 61.2% 15.3%
  • Example 2 56.1% 15.9%
  • Example 3 72.5% 14.8%
  • Example 4 86.1% 15.1%
  • Example 5 85.9% 15.8%
  • Example 6 60.5% 20.1%
  • Example 7 58.3% 7.5%
  • Example 8 55.9% 5.8%
  • Example 9 48.8% 3.2%
  • Example 10 58.0% 7.4%
  • Example 11 58.3% 9.8% Comparative example 1 30.4% 45.5% Comparative example 2 60.3% 45.1% Comparative example 3 31.8% 15.6% Comparative example 4 27.1% 8.0%

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un électrolyte et sur une batterie secondaire. L'électrolyte comprend un sel électrolytique, un solvant organique et un additif. L'additif comprend du sulfate de silyle, un composé dinitrile et/ou un composé trinitrile. Lorsque l'électrolyte est appliqué dans la batterie secondaire, les performances de stockage de la batterie secondaire à une température élevée et les performances de circulation à température élevées peuvent être simultanément améliorées sous la synergie desdites substances.
PCT/CN2017/093861 2016-12-26 2017-07-21 Électrolyte et batterie secondaire Ceased WO2018120791A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201611219492.9A CN108242567A (zh) 2016-12-26 2016-12-26 电解液及二次电池
CN201611219492.9 2016-12-26

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WO2020151647A1 (fr) 2019-01-25 2020-07-30 Ningde Amperex Technology Limited Solution électrolytique et dispositif électrochimique l'utilisant
CN112002942A (zh) * 2018-09-21 2020-11-27 宁德新能源科技有限公司 一种电解液及包含该电解液的电化学装置

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CN109301322B (zh) 2018-09-21 2020-09-11 宁德新能源科技有限公司 电解液和包含该电解液的电化学装置
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CN109786835B (zh) * 2019-01-25 2021-09-24 宁德新能源科技有限公司 电解液和使用其的电化学装置
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CN111129584B (zh) * 2019-12-20 2022-03-11 杉杉新材料（衢州）有限公司 一种非水电解液及其锂离子电池
CN111682263B (zh) * 2020-05-09 2021-10-15 厦门大学 腈类化合物在制备高压电池体系用电解液中的应用
CN112467214B (zh) * 2020-11-30 2022-03-01 远景动力技术(江苏)有限公司 电解液及使用了其的锂离子电池
CN119764339A (zh) * 2024-12-27 2025-04-04 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 电解液和硅碳电池

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WO2020151647A1 (fr) 2019-01-25 2020-07-30 Ningde Amperex Technology Limited Solution électrolytique et dispositif électrochimique l'utilisant
EP3915168A4 (fr) * 2019-01-25 2023-01-04 Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd. Solution électrolytique et dispositif électrochimique l'utilisant
US11735771B2 (en) 2019-01-25 2023-08-22 Ningde Amperex Technology Limited Electrolyte solution and electrochemical device using the same

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