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WO2018109237A1 - Machine électrique rotative - Google Patents

Machine électrique rotative Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018109237A1
WO2018109237A1 PCT/ES2016/070877 ES2016070877W WO2018109237A1 WO 2018109237 A1 WO2018109237 A1 WO 2018109237A1 ES 2016070877 W ES2016070877 W ES 2016070877W WO 2018109237 A1 WO2018109237 A1 WO 2018109237A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
rotation
magnetizable
machine according
coil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/ES2016/070877
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Enrique ANDRADES LAGO
Javier ANDRADES LAGO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to PCT/ES2016/070877 priority Critical patent/WO2018109237A1/fr
Publication of WO2018109237A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018109237A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/02—Synchronous motors
    • H02K19/10—Synchronous motors for multi-phase current
    • H02K19/103—Motors having windings on the stator and a variable reluctance soft-iron rotor without windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/16—Synchronous generators
    • H02K19/22—Synchronous generators having windings each turn of which co-operates alternately with poles of opposite polarity, e.g. heteropolar generators
    • H02K19/24—Synchronous generators having windings each turn of which co-operates alternately with poles of opposite polarity, e.g. heteropolar generators with variable-reluctance soft-iron rotors without winding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
    • H02K41/02—Linear motors; Sectional motors
    • H02K41/03—Synchronous motors; Motors moving step by step; Reluctance motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/15—Sectional machines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of machinery for conversion between electrical and mechanical energy, and more specifically to a rotating electric machine capable of operating as a motor and as a generator.
  • Induction motors are a type of alternating current motor in which the current necessary to produce rotor torque is generated by electromagnetic induction by means of stator winding. This avoids the typical electrical connections of universal, direct current or synchronous motors.
  • the most common induction motors are three-phase motors, typically squirrel cage or winding. When a spatial and temporal offset is applied to said coils, a rotating magnetic field is induced on the rotor.
  • US 6177,750 B1 and US 6,566,778 B1 present a sample of the wide variety of rotor and stator designs existing in induction motors. However, they all suffer from a low torque that considerably limits the resulting performance.
  • Synchronous machines allow this limitation to be overcome by synchronizing the rotation speed of the shaft with the electric frequency, both being mutually dependent on both its operation as a motor (conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy) and as a generator (conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy ).
  • An example of such starting methods is presented in US 5,488,286 A. Its use is also known for reactive power control in a network, thanks to the possibility of varying the reactive power that absorbs or yields to the network, keeping the active power developed at a constant level.
  • US 6,100,620 A presents a synchronous rotary electric machine that implements step functions for the electric phase difference between rotor and stator teeth, allowing the device to operate at high frequency.
  • US 6, 140,719 A features a synchronous machine that incorporates a high temperature superconductor rotor with thermal reserve to absorb the resulting energy in case of failure.
  • stator and rotor arrangement forces the use of coils that are shorter than their radius, limiting the generated field density.
  • the rotor is displaced axially from the center of the coil, which limits the induced electromotive force.
  • the present invention solves the problems described above by means of a rotating electric machine comprising at least one stator and a rotating rotor with respect to the stator, where the stator comprises a plurality of coils each wound forming an arcuate or curved tubular body.
  • the rotor is a circumferential ring-shaped body and is arranged inside the coils and is rotatable through the inside of the coils.
  • the rotor comprises a heterogeneous crown with a non-magnetizable section that serves as support for one or more magnetizable sections. While the non-magnetizable section may close on itself, covering the entire arc of the rotor circumference around the axis of rotation, the magnetizable section extends an arc of circumference less than 360 ° around said axis. That is, the magnetizable section (or sections) do not close on themselves around the axis.
  • the magnetizable section extends in an arc of circumference greater than the length of one of the reels and less than the entire circumference minus the length of said reels.
  • the length of the coil is understood as the circumference arc in which the coil extends, or in other words to the projection of said coil on the circumference defined by the rotation of the magnetizable section of the rotor.
  • the magnetizable section cannot be completely covered by said coil; as well as that, in certain instants of the rotation, the magnetizable section is outside (is longer) of said coil in its entirety.
  • the above definition is preferably applied to the coil of greater length.
  • the coils have a smaller radius than length, allowing to optimize the induced electromotive force, understanding by length the dimension that follows the direction of rotation of the rotor, and by radius the largest dimension of the section perpendicular to said direction of rotation.
  • the magnetizable section preferably comprises a ferromagnetic material, while the non-magnetizable section preferably comprises a paramagnetic material or a diamagnetic material.
  • the rotor comprises a first gear teeth in an inner face and / or a second gear teeth in an outer face for the transmission of mechanical energy between said rotor and a transmission shaft.
  • the machine preferably comprises a plurality of internal gears distributed angularly and equidistant around the axis of rotation.
  • Said plurality of gears connects the first gear with the drive shaft, said gears preferably alternating with the stator coils, that is, each gear is disposed between the space between two consecutive coils.
  • the teeth can be fully implemented on the non-magnetizable section, either on the magnetizable or non-magnetizable section. That is, in the second case the magnetizable section with the built-in teeth, also magnetizable, would cover an arc less than 360 °. The rest of the arc up to 360 ° is composed of non-magnetizable material, with an equally non-magnetizable teeth.
  • the position of the transmission shaft that allows to introduce or extract the mechanical energy does not have to coincide with the axis of rotation of the rotor, being able to be implemented on any of the gears of the system, or on an external element.
  • the mechanical energy can be extracted by a second non-magnetizable external crown, concentric to the rotor.
  • the machine comprises a plurality of rotors mechanically connected to the same drive shaft, multiple rotors can be introduced in the same set of coils or in different sets of coils depending on the particular implementation of the machine.
  • the plurality of rotors are preferably connected by a plurality of external gears angularly distributed around said transmission shaft.
  • the rotary electric machine can operate both as a motor and as a generator.
  • operating as a motor it also comprises control means that switch the plurality of coils sequentially to induce a rotating magnetic field on the rotor, converting electrical energy into mechanical energy.
  • the machine is connected to rotating means that cause the rotor to move (such as blades in a wind generator or any other rotating element of the power generation systems known in the state of the art) , said rotor movement being converted into electrical energy through the electromotive force induced in the stator.
  • the rotary electric machine described maintains the basic advantages of synchronous machines with respect to induction motors, that is, the high torque and performance. Additionally, the described machine has the following advantages over said synchronous machines:
  • an optimal coil (I understand that the one that generates the highest magnetic field density) has a radius much smaller than its length. In traditional machines known in the state of the art this situation is reversed, allowing the present invention to generate denser magnetic fields from the same current. This fact translates into greater torque and lower consumption.
  • the machine of the present invention operates at the point of highest magnetic field density, which occurs in the center of the coils. Torque and induced electromotive force are optimized.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows a rotor with internal teeth according to a particular embodiment of the machine of the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a rotor with internal and external teeth according to another particular embodiment of the machine of the invention.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the connection of the rotor to the drive shaft, in this central case, and the coils according to particular embodiments thereof.
  • Figure 4 schematically shows the stator and rotor assembly, according to particular embodiments thereof.
  • Figure 5 shows a second view of the same stator and rotor assembly.
  • Figure 6 exemplifies a machine with multiple concentric crowns according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Figures 7 to 10 present two states of interaction between a linear magnetizable body and a coil, described only to illustrate the physical principles that act on the coils of the equivalent rotary machine.
  • Figure 11 shows a rotary machine with two crowns in which the transmission shaft is implemented in an external gear, according to a particular embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 12 shows a rotary machine with a crown in which the drive shaft is implemented in an external gear, in accordance with a particular embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 13 illustrates a rotary machine with two crowns in which the outer crown acts as a drive shaft, in accordance with a particular embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 1 presents a first preferred embodiment of the rotor 100 of the invention which, as seen, is in the form of a circumferential ring.
  • the cross section of the rotor is rectangular in shape, although it could have another shape suitable for its function.
  • the rotor of figure (1) has an inner face and an outer face, so that the inner and / or the outer face can have a gear teeth.
  • the internal face of the rotor has a first gear teeth 103.
  • the rotor 100 comprises a non-magnetizable section 101 that extends throughout the complete circumference of the rotor around the axis of rotation of the rotor 100, and in which the gear teeth 103 is formed.
  • the magnetizable section 102 extends in an arc of circumference, that is, it does not cover the entire complete circumference, and it is mounted on the outside on the non-magnetizable section 101, that is, the non-magnetizable section 101 and the magnetizable section 102 are superimposed.
  • the magnetizable section 102 covers an arc of circumference of 270 °, although said arc may vary in other implementations.
  • other preferred embodiments may have polyphase configurations in which multiple magnetizable sections 102 alternate with multiple portions of the non-magnetizable section 101.
  • Figure 2 shows a second preferred embodiment of the rotor 100, in this case combining the first gear teeth 103 of the inner face with a second gear teeth 104 on the outer face. Note that, again, both teeth are implemented with a non-magnetizable material, being integrated in the non-magnetizable section 101 of the rotor 100.
  • FIG 3 shows the coils 200 in which the rotor 100 is inserted. Said coils are distributed angularly and preferably equidistant from each other, around the axis of rotation of the rotor 100. It can be seen that each coil 200 is a tubular body arched or curved, that is, the thread with which the coil is formed is wound to form the tubular configuration, whose curvature is coincident with the curvature of the rotor.
  • the cross section of the coil cavity is rectangular and substantially coincident with the cross section of the rotor.
  • the rotor 100 is arranged inside said coils 200, in order to maximize the efficiency of the machine. Since the magnetizable section 102 of the rotor 100 covers an arc of 270 °, the maximum length of a coil 200 covers a maximum arc of 90 °. Note that with said length of the coil 200 it also acts as a lower dimension of the arc covered by the magnetizable section 102. Note also that the number, size and shape of the coils may vary in other preferred embodiments of the invention. In particular, in case of using a coil 200 of greater length, the rotary machine would remain functional, although the arc in which there will be traction will be smaller.
  • the machine incorporates internal gears 300 that connect the first gear teeth 103 with a drive shaft 400 in this embodiment coinciding with the rotation axis of the rotor.
  • the gears 300 have a cylindrical shape with the perimeter face provided with gear teeth, and so that the gears 300 are arranged such that the axis of rotation of each gear 300 is parallel to the rotation axis of the rotor.
  • the internal gears 300 are angularly distributed around said drive shaft 400, alternating with the coils 200, that is, each gear 103 is disposed between the space between two consecutive coils.
  • the drive shaft 400 has its own gear positioned in the center of the machine and engaged with the rest of the gears 300, so that the rotation of the rotor 100 causes the rotation of the drive shaft 400. In the embodiment of Figure 3, the drive shaft 400 could also be placed in the position of the rotation shaft of any of the gears 300.
  • the rotary electric machine can be implemented with any other mechanical system known in the state of the art that allows to transmit the rotation between rotor 100 and transmission shaft 400.
  • other preferred implementations of the invention may comprise multiple connected rotors 100 to the same transmission shaft 400.
  • FIGS 4 and 5 present two views of a preferred embodiment of the structure or crankcase that acts as a stator 500 and supports the rest of the rotating machine elements.
  • the stator comprises a base 501 with a central opening 502 that allows the transmission shaft 400 to pass.
  • the stator 500 also comprises a plurality of fixing elements 503 that fix the position of the internal gears 300, allowing said internal gears 300 to rotate on themselves but not around the drive shaft 400.
  • the position of the coils 200 in the stator 500 also remains fixed during the entire operation of the machine, the stator 500 being able to incorporate any support element and any additional electrical connection necessary.
  • the rotary machine can operate in both motor mode and generator mode.
  • the movement of the rotor 100 is motivated by the interaction of the magnetic field generated by the coils 200 and the magnetization of the magnetizable material itself 102.
  • the magnetizable section 102 is always partially inserted into a first coil 200 or is about to be introduced therein.
  • a second coil 200 houses said magnetizable section 102 along its entire length. In this way, by supplying the second coil 200 with electric current, the magnetizable section 102 is magnetized and is attracted by the magnetic field generated by the first coil 200.
  • the feeding of the coils 200 is switched by the control means to give rise to this situation, that is, a first coil 200 that divides the material and a second coil 200 that magnetizes it .
  • the motor may operate in one direction of rotation or another interchangeably.
  • the machine In generator mode, the machine generates electrical energy from mechanical work applied to the axis of the machine.
  • the operation is the inverse to the motor mode, with the difference that the rotor 100 rotates faster than it would with the voltage level to which the coils 200 are fed, so that the electromotive force induced in the stator 500 makes that the current circulates in the opposite direction to the operation as motor.
  • the described configuration can be extended to multiple concentric crowns around the same transmission shaft 400, as exemplified in Figure 6 with a two-crown rotor. Both crowns follow the previously described structure, with a non-magnetizable section 101 that closes on itself and that supports a magnetizable section 102 that covers an arc of circumference less than 360 °. Each crown is introduced into a group of coils 200, although in particular implementations the number or arrangement of coils could change 200 between both crowns.
  • the inner crown is connected to the drive shaft 400 through the internal gears 300, in contact with the first gear teeth 103 of its inner face.
  • the inner crown is connected to the outer crown through a plurality of external gears 301, in contact with the second gear teeth 104 of its outer face.
  • the outer crown is only toothed on its inner face, although in other embodiments it could comprise external teeth connected to successive crowns.
  • the force F that moves the mechanism is born from the interaction between the magnetic field B generated by the coil 200 and the magnetization M proper of the magnetizable body 102.
  • Figure 1 1 shows a rotary machine in which the transmission shaft 400 is implemented on one of the external gears 301 communicating the first and second rotor 100.
  • the coils have not been represented nor have the magnetizable and non-magnetizable parts of the rotor been differentiated.
  • the machine comprises a single rotor 100, the transmission shaft 400 being integrated in an external gear 301.
  • said external gear 301 does not operate as a connection between crowns, but is an element for extracting or introducing mechanical energy into the system, depending on whether it operates as a motor or as a generator.
  • Figure 13 presents a preferred embodiment in which a non-magnetizable external crown acts as a whole as a transmission shaft 400. That is, the external crown does not participate in the conversion of electrical to mechanical energy nor does it have associated coils, but rather It is used to extract mechanical energy from the system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Machine électrique rotative qui comprend un stator (500) et un ou plusieurs rotors (100), chaque rotor (100) étant constitué d'une section non magnétisable (101) et d'une ou plusieurs sections magnétisables (102) qui sont insérées dans une pluralité de bobines (200) du stator (500). Chaque section magnétisable couvre un arc de cercle inférieur à 360°autour de l'axe de rotation du rotor (100). On exploite ainsi le champ généré à l'intérieur des bobines (200), ce qui augmente le couple et le rendement de la machine.
PCT/ES2016/070877 2016-12-12 2016-12-12 Machine électrique rotative Ceased WO2018109237A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2016/070877 WO2018109237A1 (fr) 2016-12-12 2016-12-12 Machine électrique rotative

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2016/070877 WO2018109237A1 (fr) 2016-12-12 2016-12-12 Machine électrique rotative

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018109237A1 true WO2018109237A1 (fr) 2018-06-21

Family

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/ES2016/070877 Ceased WO2018109237A1 (fr) 2016-12-12 2016-12-12 Machine électrique rotative

Country Status (1)

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WO (1) WO2018109237A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102023118529A1 (de) 2023-07-13 2025-01-16 Thomas Leberer Elektrische Maschine

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5488286A (en) 1993-05-12 1996-01-30 Sundstrand Corporation Method and apparatus for starting a synchronous machine
US6100620A (en) 1996-08-05 2000-08-08 S.H.R. Ltd. Bvi High frequency synchronous rotary electrical machine
US6140719A (en) 1999-02-17 2000-10-31 American Superconductor Corporation High temperature superconducting rotor for a synchronous machine
US6177750B1 (en) 1998-07-14 2001-01-23 Reliance Electric Technologies, Llc Rotating assembly construction for high speed induction motor
US20020053833A1 (en) * 2000-11-06 2002-05-09 Kim Houng Joong Electric motor
US6566778B1 (en) 2000-01-24 2003-05-20 Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. Cage-type induction motor for high rotational speeds
US7145308B1 (en) * 2006-01-24 2006-12-05 Theodore O Chase Floating armature electric motor and method of assembly
US20100171384A1 (en) * 2009-01-07 2010-07-08 Shimon Elmaleh Electro-magnetic motor generator system

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5488286A (en) 1993-05-12 1996-01-30 Sundstrand Corporation Method and apparatus for starting a synchronous machine
US6100620A (en) 1996-08-05 2000-08-08 S.H.R. Ltd. Bvi High frequency synchronous rotary electrical machine
US6177750B1 (en) 1998-07-14 2001-01-23 Reliance Electric Technologies, Llc Rotating assembly construction for high speed induction motor
US6140719A (en) 1999-02-17 2000-10-31 American Superconductor Corporation High temperature superconducting rotor for a synchronous machine
US6566778B1 (en) 2000-01-24 2003-05-20 Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. Cage-type induction motor for high rotational speeds
US20020053833A1 (en) * 2000-11-06 2002-05-09 Kim Houng Joong Electric motor
US7145308B1 (en) * 2006-01-24 2006-12-05 Theodore O Chase Floating armature electric motor and method of assembly
US20100171384A1 (en) * 2009-01-07 2010-07-08 Shimon Elmaleh Electro-magnetic motor generator system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102023118529A1 (de) 2023-07-13 2025-01-16 Thomas Leberer Elektrische Maschine

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