WO2018101356A1 - 有機el表示装置 - Google Patents
有機el表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018101356A1 WO2018101356A1 PCT/JP2017/042894 JP2017042894W WO2018101356A1 WO 2018101356 A1 WO2018101356 A1 WO 2018101356A1 JP 2017042894 W JP2017042894 W JP 2017042894W WO 2018101356 A1 WO2018101356 A1 WO 2018101356A1
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- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/032—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders
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- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/032—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders
- G03F7/033—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders the binders being polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. vinyl polymers
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- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/032—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders
- G03F7/037—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders the binders being polyamides or polyimides
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- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
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- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
- G03F7/0381—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable using a combination of a phenolic resin and a polyoxyethylene resin
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- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/075—Silicon-containing compounds
- G03F7/0757—Macromolecular compounds containing Si-O, Si-C or Si-N bonds
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- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/09—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers
- G03F7/105—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers having substances, e.g. indicators, for forming visible images
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
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- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
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- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/22—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of auxiliary dielectric or reflective layers
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- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/26—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the composition or arrangement of the conductive material used as an electrode
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/8791—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light
- H10K59/8792—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light comprising light absorbing layers, e.g. black layers
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/141—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aliphatic or olefinic chains, e.g. poly N-vinylcarbazol, PVC or PTFE
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- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
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- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/16—Coating processes; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/162—Coating on a rotating support, e.g. using a whirler or a spinner
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- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/16—Coating processes; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/168—Finishing the coated layer, e.g. drying, baking, soaking
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- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/2002—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image
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- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/30—Imagewise removal using liquid means
- G03F7/32—Liquid compositions therefor, e.g. developers
- G03F7/322—Aqueous alkaline compositions
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/805—Electrodes
- H10K50/81—Anodes
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
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- H10K50/82—Cathodes
- H10K50/826—Multilayers, e.g. opaque multilayers
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/86—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light
- H10K50/865—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light comprising light absorbing layers, e.g. light-blocking layers
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
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- H10K59/805—Electrodes
- H10K59/8052—Cathodes
- H10K59/80523—Multilayers, e.g. opaque multilayers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic EL display device having a transparent electrode, an organic EL layer, a non-transparent electrode, and an insulating layer.
- Organic EL display devices are attracting attention as next-generation flat panel displays.
- the organic EL display device is a self-luminous display device that uses electroluminescence by an organic compound, and can display an image with a wide viewing angle, high-speed response, and high contrast, and is thinner, lighter, and flexible. In recent years, research and development has been actively promoted.
- Organic EL display devices are classified into a lower emission (bottom emission) method that emits light toward the substrate and an upper emission (top emission) method that emits light on the opposite side of the substrate, depending on the emission method. In any method, it is required to efficiently extract light emitted from an organic EL (Electro Luminescence) layer.
- an organic EL element in which an anode is made of a metal having a high reflectance has been proposed as an upper-emitting organic EL element (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the organic EL display device has an insulating layer to divide the pixels.
- an organic EL display device having an insulating layer for example, a first electrode formed on a substrate, an insulating layer formed on the first electrode so as to partially expose the first electrode, and the first electrode
- a display device including a second electrode provided so as to face the substrate, wherein the insulating layer is made of positive photosensitive polyimide see, for example, Patent Document 2.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an organic EL display device that suppresses external light reflection, has excellent contrast, and reduces color misregistration.
- the organic EL display device is an organic EL display device having at least a transparent electrode, an organic EL layer, and a non-transparent electrode in this order, and further having a black insulating layer, and the reflectance of the non-transparent electrode is 25% ⁇ 20%.
- the organic EL display device of the present invention has little external light reflection, excellent contrast, and can reduce color misregistration.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bottom emission type organic EL display device.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a top emission type organic EL display device.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the dark luminance, bright luminance, and chromaticity evaluation environment of the organic EL display device in the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the wavelength and transmittance of the ultraviolet absorbing plate used in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram (part 1) of a manufacturing procedure of an organic EL display device according to an example.
- FIG. 5B is a schematic diagram (part 2) of the manufacturing procedure of the organic EL display device in the example.
- FIG. 5C is a schematic diagram (part 3) of a manufacturing procedure of the organic EL display device according to the example.
- FIG. 5D is a schematic diagram (part 4) of a manufacturing procedure of the organic EL display device according to the example.
- the organic EL display device of the present invention has a transparent electrode, an organic EL layer, a non-transparent electrode in this order, and further has an insulating layer.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a bottom emission type organic EL display device which is one embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a top emission type organic EL display device which is another embodiment.
- the bottom emission type organic EL display device of FIG. 1 has a first electrode 2 made of a transparent electrode on a substrate 1. It has the insulating layer 3 so that the periphery of this 1st electrode 2 may be covered, and also has the 2nd electrode 5 which consists of an organic electroluminescent layer 4 and a non-transparent electrode.
- the top emission type organic EL display device of FIG. 2 has a first electrode 6 made of a non-transparent electrode on a substrate 1. It has the insulating layer 3 so that the periphery of this 1st electrode 6 may be covered, and also has the 2nd electrode 7 which consists of an organic electroluminescent layer 4 and a transparent electrode. By selecting the first electrode 6 made of a non-transparent electrode and the second electrode 7 made of a transparent electrode, the emitted light in the organic EL layer 4 is extracted to the side opposite to the substrate 1.
- Organic EL display devices are roughly classified into an active matrix type and a passive matrix type depending on the driving method, but any driving method may be used in the present invention.
- the transparent electrode in the organic EL display device of the present invention refers to an electrode having a light transmittance of 30% or more at a wavelength of 550 nm
- the non-transparent electrode refers to an electrode having a light transmittance of less than 30% at a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the light transmittance in this invention can be measured with a spectrophotometer about the electrode formed on the transparent glass substrate.
- the organic EL display device of the present invention can extract light emitted from the organic EL layer 4 to one side by combining a transparent electrode and a non-transparent electrode as the first electrode and the second electrode.
- the transparent electrode and the non-transparent electrode in the present invention are excellent in electrical properties, can be efficiently injected with holes when used as an anode, and can be efficiently injected with electrons when used as a cathode. Is required.
- Examples of the material for forming the transparent electrode in the present invention include transparent conductive oxides and metals.
- ITO, IZO, AZO, GZO, ATO and the like are preferable, and when used as a cathode, Li, Mg, Ag, Al and the like are preferable.
- the reflectance of the non-transparent electrode in the present invention is preferably 80% or less.
- the reflectance of the non-transparent electrode in the present invention refers to the reflectance at a wavelength of 550 nm, and the electrode formed on the transparent glass substrate can be measured with a spectrophotometer. If the reflectance of the non-transparent electrode exceeds 80%, the light emission in the organic EL layer can be efficiently extracted, but the contrast decreases due to an increase in the reflection of external light, or the color shift due to the diffusion of light to adjacent pixels. Likely to happen.
- the reflectance of the non-transparent electrode is more preferably 45% or less, and further preferably 30% or less. Further, the reflectance of the non-transparent electrode is preferably 5% or more, and more preferably 10% or more, from the viewpoint of luminance, avoiding that the reflectance of the non-transparent electrode is too small.
- Examples of the material for forming the non-transparent electrode in the present invention include carbon and metal.
- Ag, Al, C, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, or Ti is preferably the main component, and the corrosion resistance of the non-transparent electrode can be improved and the reliability of the organic EL display device can be improved.
- More preferably, Ag, Al or Cu is the main component.
- the main component in the present invention refers to a component that is contained most in the material forming the non-transparent electrode.
- electrode materials including these include AgIn alloys, AgZn alloys, AgZnBi alloys, Al graphene alloys, AlMn alloys, AlNd alloys, AlGaNi alloys, CuZn alloys, CuZnMg alloys, Ag nanofillers (wires), and Ag. Examples include nanoparticles.
- the non-transparent electrode has a multi-layer structure in order to achieve both composite characteristics.
- the non-transparent electrode may have a multilayer structure, and may have a base layer that improves adhesion and corrosion resistance on the substrate side, and a reflection adjustment layer that adjusts the reflectance.
- the transparent conductive oxide material ITO, IZO, AZO, GZO, ATO or the like is preferable because of its high transmittance and low resistivity.
- Examples of the structure of the organic EL layer in the organic EL display device of the present invention include (1) hole transport layer / light emitting layer, (2) hole transport layer / light emitting layer / electron transport layer, and (3) light emitting layer / Examples thereof include an electron transport layer.
- Various studies have been made on the structure of the organic EL layer in order to comprehensively improve the injection and transport of holes and electrons, the light emission efficiency in the light emitting layer, and the like.
- JP-A-8-109373 discloses. The organic thin film EL element described etc. are mentioned.
- the organic EL display device of the present invention has a black insulating layer.
- the black insulating layer in the present invention means that the optical density (Optical Density, OD value) of the insulating layer in the visible light region having a wavelength of 380 to 700 nm is 0.3 or more per 1.0 ⁇ m film thickness. Point to.
- the OD value per film thickness of 1.0 ⁇ m is more preferably 0.8 or more, and further preferably 1.0 or more.
- a cured film of a photosensitive resin composition is preferable.
- the cured film may be simply referred to as a film.
- the photosensitive resin composition preferably contains (C) a coloring material, more preferably contains (A) an alkali-soluble resin, (B) a photosensitive agent and (C) a coloring material, and (D) an organic material. More preferably, it contains a solvent.
- the photosensitive resin composition contains the coloring material (C)
- the insulating layer can be blackened.
- the photosensitive resin composition may further contain other components.
- the insulating layer aperture ratio in the display area of the organic EL display device decreases, the load on the organic EL layer increases.
- the insulating layer aperture ratio in the display area is preferably 5% or more, more preferably 10% or more from the viewpoint of reliability.
- the insulating layer aperture ratio in the display area is preferably 35% or less, more preferably 30% or less from the viewpoint of contrast.
- alkali-soluble means that a solution in which a resin is dissolved in ⁇ -butyrolactone is applied on a silicon wafer and prebaked at 120 ° C. for 4 minutes to form a prebaked film having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the dissolution rate obtained from the decrease in film thickness when the membrane is immersed in a 2.38 wt% tetramethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution at 23 ⁇ 1 ° C. for 1 minute and then rinsed with pure water is 50 nm / min or more.
- the alkali-soluble resin preferably has an aromatic carboxylic acid structure from the viewpoint of improving heat resistance.
- the aromatic carboxylic acid structure means a carboxylic acid structure directly covalently bonded to an aromatic ring.
- alkali-soluble resin examples include polyimide, polyimide precursor, polybenzoxazole, polybenzoxazole precursor, polysiloxane, acrylic resin, and cardo resin. Two or more of these may be contained.
- a polyimide precursor is preferable because of excellent heat resistance and a small amount of outgas under high temperature conditions.
- a polyimide precursor having an amic acid structure is more preferable from the viewpoint of improving alkali solubility.
- examples of (B) the photosensitive agent include (b1) o-quinonediazide compounds.
- (b2) photoinitiator can be mentioned as (B) photosensitive agent.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition preferably further contains a (G) radical polymerizable compound described later.
- the o-quinonediazide compound is preferably a compound in which a sulfonic acid of naphthoquinonediazidesulfonic acid is ester-bonded to a compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group.
- a compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group include Bis-Z, BisP-EZ, TekP-4HBPA, TrisP-HAP, TrisP-PA, TrisP-SA, TrisOCR-PA, BisOCHP-Z, BisP-MZ, BisP-PZ.
- naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid examples include 4-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid and 5-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid.
- 4-Naphthoquinonediazide sulfonyl ester compounds have absorption in the i-line region of mercury lamps and are suitable for i-line exposure.
- the 5-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonyl ester compound has absorption up to the g-line region of a mercury lamp and is suitable for g-line exposure. It is preferable to select a 4-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonyl ester compound or a 5-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonyl ester compound depending on the wavelength to be exposed.
- a naphthoquinone diazide sulfonyl ester compound having a 4-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonyl group and a 5-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonyl group in the same molecule can be used, or a 4-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonyl ester compound and a 5-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonyl ester compound can be used. It can also be used together.
- the naphthoquinonediazide compound can be synthesized by an esterification reaction between a compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group and a quinonediazidesulfonic acid compound.
- the content of the (b1) o-quinonediazide compound in the positive photosensitive resin composition is preferably 6% by weight or more and 20% by weight or less in the total solid content of 100% by weight of the positive photosensitive resin composition. Workability can be improved.
- the photopolymerization initiator refers to a compound that generates radicals by bond cleavage and / or reaction upon exposure.
- Photopolymerization initiators include benzyl ketal photopolymerization initiators, ⁇ -hydroxyketone photopolymerization initiators, ⁇ -aminoketone photopolymerization initiators, acylphosphine oxide photopolymerization initiators, and oxime ester photopolymerization initiators.
- Polymerization initiator acridine photopolymerization initiator, titanocene photopolymerization initiator, benzophenone photopolymerization initiator, acetophenone photopolymerization initiator, aromatic ketoester photopolymerization initiator, benzoate photopolymerization initiator, etc. Is mentioned. Two or more of these may be contained.
- B2 As a photopolymerization initiator, from the viewpoint of improving sensitivity, an ⁇ -hydroxyketone photopolymerization initiator, an ⁇ -aminoketone photopolymerization initiator, an acylphosphine oxide photopolymerization initiator, and an oxime ester photopolymerization initiator are started.
- Agents acridine photopolymerization initiators, and benzophenone photopolymerization initiators are more preferable, and ⁇ -aminoketone photopolymerization initiators, acylphosphine oxide photopolymerization initiators, and oxime ester photopolymerization initiators are more preferable.
- Examples of the benzyl ketal photopolymerization initiator include 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethane-1-one.
- Examples of ⁇ -hydroxyketone photopolymerization initiators include 1- (4-isopropylphenyl) -2-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-1-one and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropane-1. -One, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 1- [4- (2-hydroxyethoxy) phenyl] -2-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-1-one, 2-hydroxy-1- [4- [4- ( 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionyl) benzyl] phenyl] -2-methylpropan-1-one and the like.
- Examples of the ⁇ -aminoketone photopolymerization initiator include 2-methyl-1- [4- (methylthio) phenyl] -2-morpholinopropan-1-one, 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1- (4 -Morpholinophenyl) -butan-1-one, 2-dimethylamino-2- (4-methylbenzyl) -1- (4-morpholinophenyl) -butan-1-one, 3,6-bis (2-methyl- 2-morpholinopropionyl) -9-octyl-9H-carbazole and the like.
- acylphosphine oxide photopolymerization initiator examples include 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide, bis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) -phenylphosphine oxide, and bis (2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl). )-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphine oxide.
- oxime ester photopolymerization initiator examples include 1-phenylpropane-1,2-dione-2- (O-ethoxycarbonyl) oxime, 1-phenylbutane-1,2-dione-2- (O-methoxy).
- Examples of the acridine photopolymerization initiator include 1,7-bis (acridin-9-yl) -n-heptane.
- titanocene photopolymerization initiator for example, bis ( ⁇ 5-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-yl) -bis [2,6-difluoro-3- (1H-pyrrol-1-yl) phenyl] titanium ( IV), bis ( ⁇ 5-3-methyl-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-yl) -bis (2,6-difluorophenyl) titanium (IV), and the like.
- benzophenone photopolymerization initiator examples include benzophenone, 4,4′-bis (dimethylamino) benzophenone, 4,4′-bis (diethylamino) benzophenone, 4-phenylbenzophenone, 4,4-dichlorobenzophenone, 4- Examples thereof include hydroxybenzophenone, alkylated benzophenone, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-tetrakis (t-butylperoxycarbonyl) benzophenone, 4-methylbenzophenone, dibenzyl ketone, fluorenone and the like.
- acetophenone photopolymerization initiator examples include 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone, 2,3-diethoxyacetophenone, 4-t-butyldichloroacetophenone, benzalacetophenone, 4-azidobenzalacetophenone, and the like.
- aromatic ketoester photopolymerization initiators examples include methyl 2-phenyl-2-oxyacetate.
- benzoate photopolymerization initiator examples include ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate, 4-dimethylaminobenzoic acid (2-ethyl) hexyl, ethyl 4-diethylaminobenzoate, methyl 2-benzoylbenzoate and the like. It is done.
- the content of (b2) the photopolymerization initiator in the negative photosensitive resin composition is based on 100 parts by weight of the total weight of (A) the alkali-soluble resin and (G) the radical polymerizable compound described later. 1 part by weight or more is preferable, and from the viewpoint of resolution and taper shape, 15 parts by weight or less is preferable with respect to a total of 100 parts by weight of (A) alkali-soluble resin and (G) radical polymerizable compound described later.
- the coloring material (C) in the present invention is a compound that absorbs light of a specific wavelength, and particularly a compound that is colored by absorbing light having a visible light wavelength (380 to 780 nm).
- the insulating layer can be colored, and the color that imparts the desired color to the light transmitted through the insulating layer or the light reflected from the insulating layer can be imparted.
- light having a wavelength absorbed by the coloring material can be blocked from light transmitted through the insulating layer or light reflected from the insulating layer.
- the optical density of the insulating layer in the visible light region having a wavelength of 380 to 700 nm can be set to the above-described range.
- coloring material examples include compounds that absorb light having a wavelength of visible light and are colored white, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and purple. By combining two or more of these coloring materials, it is possible to improve the toning property of toning the light transmitted through the insulating layer or the light reflected from the insulating layer to a desired color coordinate.
- the coloring material preferably contains (C1) a pigment and / or (C2) a dye. Moreover, it is preferable that (C) coloring material contains coloring materials other than (Ca) black agent and / or (Cb) black. By containing a coloring material other than (Ca) black agent and / or (Cb) black, the insulating layer is provided with light shielding properties, and color adjustment in the color system becomes easy.
- the (C) coloring material contains the (C1) pigment
- the (C) coloring As an aspect in which the material contains (C2) dye, (C2) dye is preferably contained as a coloring material other than (Ca) black agent and / or (Cb) black.
- a black agent refers to a compound that is colored black by absorbing light having a wavelength of visible light.
- the insulating layer can be blackened, the transmitted light and reflected light of the insulating layer can be blocked, and the light blocking property can be improved.
- the (Ca) black agent a compound that absorbs light of all wavelengths of visible light and is colored black is preferable from the viewpoint of light shielding properties.
- a combination of two or more coloring materials selected from white, red, orange, yellow, green, blue or purple coloring materials is also preferable. By combining two or more of these coloring materials, the material can be pseudo-colored black, and the light shielding property can be improved.
- a coloring material other than black means a compound that is colored by absorbing light having a wavelength of visible light. That is, it is a coloring material that is colored white, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, or purple, excluding the black color described above.
- (C1) Pigment means a compound that colors an object by (C1) pigment being physically adsorbed on the surface of the object, or (C1) the pigment interacts with the surface of the object, Generally insoluble in solvents and the like.
- (C1) Coloring with a pigment is highly concealed and has a characteristic that fading due to ultraviolet rays or the like is unlikely to occur. Therefore, by containing the (C1) pigment, the insulating layer can be colored with an excellent concealing property. In addition, the light shielding properties and weather resistance of the insulating layer can be improved.
- the number average particle diameter of the (C1) pigment in the photosensitive resin composition is preferably 1 nm or more, more preferably 5 nm or more, and more preferably 10 nm or more.
- the number average particle size of the (C1) pigment in the photosensitive resin composition is preferably 1,000 nm or less, more preferably 500 nm or less, and even more preferably 200 nm, from the viewpoint of pattern processability.
- (C1) the number average particle size of the pigment is a submicron particle size distribution measuring device (N4-PLUS; manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.) or a zeta potential / particle size / molecular weight measuring device (Zeta Sizer Nano ZS; Sysmex). (Made by Co., Ltd.), and measuring the laser scattering by the Brownian motion of the (C1) pigment in the photosensitive resin composition (dynamic light scattering method).
- Examples of the pigment include organic pigments and inorganic pigments.
- An organic pigment is preferable, and the transmission spectrum and absorption spectrum of the insulating layer can be easily adjusted to a desired range, such as transmitting or blocking light of a specific wavelength by changing the chemical structure or functional group conversion.
- the organic pigment for example, anthraquinone pigments, quinacridone pigments, pyranthrone pigments, diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments, benzofuranone pigments, perylene pigments, condensed azo pigments, carbon black and the like are preferable.
- the (C2) dye refers to a compound that colors the target object by chemical adsorption or strong interaction of a substituent such as an ionic group or a hydroxy group in the (C2) dye with the surface structure of the target object. Generally, it is soluble in a solvent or the like.
- Coloring with a dye has a high coloring power and high color development efficiency because each molecule is adsorbed to an object.
- C2 By including a dye, the color in the color system of the insulating layer The adjustment becomes easier.
- Examples of (C2) dyes include direct dyes, reactive dyes, sulfur dyes, vat dyes, sulfur dyes, acid dyes, metal-containing dyes, metal-containing acid dyes, basic dyes, mordant dyes, acid mordant dyes, and disperse dyes. , Cationic dyes, fluorescent whitening dyes and the like. Two or more of these may be contained.
- (C2) dyes include anthraquinone dyes, azo dyes, azine dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, methine dyes, oxazine dyes, quinoline dyes, indigo dyes, indigoid dyes, carbonium dyes, selenium. Dyes, perinone dyes, perylene dyes, triarylmethane dyes, xanthene dyes, and the like. (D) From the viewpoint of solubility in organic solvents and heat resistance, anthraquinone dyes, azo dyes, azine dyes, methine dyes, triarylmethane dyes, and xanthene dyes are preferred.
- the content of the (C) coloring material in the photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention is (A) an alkali-soluble resin, (C) the coloring material, and a dispersion described later, from the viewpoints of light shielding properties, coloring properties, and toning properties. 15 parts by weight or more is preferable, 20 parts by weight or more is more preferable, 25 parts by weight or more is further preferable, and 30 parts by weight or more is more preferable with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total of the agent.
- the content of (C) the coloring material is preferably 80 parts by weight or less, more preferably 75 parts by weight or less, further preferably 70 parts by weight or less, and further preferably 65 parts by weight or less from the viewpoint of sensitivity.
- the content of the coloring material (C) in the solid content of the photosensitive resin composition is preferably 5% by weight or more, more preferably 10% by weight or more, from the viewpoint of light shielding properties, colorability, and toning properties. 15% by weight or more is more preferable.
- the content of the coloring material (C) in the solid content of the photosensitive resin composition is preferably 70% by weight or less, more preferably 65% by weight or less, and further preferably 60% by weight or less from the viewpoint of sensitivity.
- the content of the (C1) pigment in the solid content of the photosensitive resin composition is preferably 5% by weight or more, more preferably 10% by weight or more, from the viewpoints of light shielding properties, colorability and toning properties. More preferably by weight.
- the content of the (C1) pigment in the solid content of the photosensitive resin composition is preferably 70% by weight or less, more preferably 65% by weight or less, and further preferably 60% by weight or less from the viewpoint of sensitivity.
- the content of the (C2) dye in the solid content of the photosensitive resin composition is preferably 0.01% by weight or more, more preferably 0.05% by weight or more, from the viewpoint of colorability and toning properties. More preferably, it is 0.1% by weight or more.
- the content of the (C2) dye in the solid content of the photosensitive resin composition is preferably 50% by weight or less, more preferably 45% by weight or less, and more preferably 40% by weight or less from the viewpoint of heat resistance of the insulating layer. Further preferred.
- organic solvent (D) examples include polar aprotic solvents such as ⁇ -butyrolactone, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol Mono-n-propyl ether, propylene glycol mono-n-buty Ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether, dipropylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glyco
- the content of the (D) organic solvent in the photosensitive resin composition can be appropriately selected depending on the coating method and the like. For example, when applied by spin coating, it is generally 50 to 95% by weight in the photosensitive resin composition.
- the photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention can contain (E) a thermal crosslinking agent.
- the thermal crosslinking agent refers to a compound having at least two thermally reactive functional groups in the molecule. Examples of the thermally reactive functional group include an alkoxymethyl group, a methylol group, an epoxy group, and an oxetanyl group. Two or more of these may be contained.
- (E) By containing a thermal crosslinking agent, (A) alkali-soluble resin and other additive components can be crosslinked, and the heat resistance, chemical resistance and hardness of the cured film can be increased. Moreover, the amount of outgas from the cured film can be reduced, and the reliability of the organic EL display device can be improved.
- thermal crosslinking agent having an alkoxymethyl group or a methylol group as a thermally reactive functional group examples include, for example, DML-PC, DML-PEP, DML-OC, DML-OEP, DML-34X, DML-PTBP, and DML-PCHP.
- DML-OCHP DML-PFP, DML-PSBP, DML-POP
- DML-MBOC DML-MBPC
- DML-MTrisPC DML-BisOC-Z, DML-BisOCHP-Z, DML-BPC, DML-BisOC-P
- DMOM-PC DMOM-PTBP
- DMOM-MBPC TriML-P, TriML-35XL, TML-HQ, TML-BP, TML-pp-BPF, TML-BPE, TML-BPA, TML-BPAF, TML-BPAP , TMOM-BP, TMOM-B E, TMOM-BPA, TMOM-BPAF, TMOM-BPAP, HML-TPPHBA, HML-TPHAP, HMOM-TPPHBA, HMOM-TPHAP (above, trade name, manufactured by Honshu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), “NIKACALAC (registered trademark) "MX-290”,
- thermal crosslinking agent having an epoxy group as a thermally reactive functional group examples include, for example, Epolite 40E, Epolite 100E, Epolite 200E, Epolite 400E, Epolite 70P, Epolite 200P, Epolite 400P, Epolite 1500NP, Epolite 80MF, Epolite 4000, Epolite 3002 (manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.), “Denacol (registered trademark)” EX-212L, “Denacol” EX-214L, “Denacol” EX-216L, “Denacol” EX-850L, “Denacol” EX-321L (Nagase ChemteX Co., Ltd.), GAN, GOT (Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), “Epicoat (registered trademark)” 828, “Epicoat” 1002, “Epicoat” 1750, “Epicoat
- thermal crosslinking agent having an oxetanyl group as a thermally reactive functional group examples include, for example, “Ethanacol (registered trademark)” EHO, “Ethanacol” OXBP, “Ethanacol” OXTP, “Ethanacol” OXMA (above, Ube Industries, Ltd.) Manufactured) and oxetaneated phenol novolac.
- the content of the thermal crosslinking agent is not particularly limited.
- a positive photosensitive resin composition it is preferably 1% by weight to 30% by weight in the solid content of the photosensitive resin composition.
- the amount is preferably 0.1 parts by weight or more and 70 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight in total of (A) the alkali-soluble resin and (G) the radical polymerizable compound.
- the content of the thermal crosslinking agent is within the above range, the hardness and chemical resistance of the insulating layer can be improved.
- the photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention preferably further contains (F) a dispersant.
- the dispersant is a surface affinity group that interacts with the surface of the above-described (C1) pigment or (C2) disperse dye as a dye, and (C1) improves the dispersion stability of the pigment or disperse dye.
- the dispersion stabilizing structure of the dispersant includes a polymer chain, a substituent having an electrostatic charge, and the like, and a dispersion effect due to expression of steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsion can be expected.
- (F) By containing a dispersing agent, when the photosensitive resin composition contains (C1) a pigment or a disperse dye, their dispersion stability can be improved and resolution can be improved. In particular, in the case of particles in which (C1) pigment is crushed to a number average particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less, the surface area of (C1) pigment particles increases, and (C1) aggregation of pigment particles tends to occur. On the other hand, when (C1) the pigment is contained, the surface of the crushed (C1) pigment interacts with the surface affinity group of the (F) dispersant, and (F) the three-dimensional structure due to the dispersion stabilizing structure of the dispersant. The obstruction and / or electrostatic repulsion can inhibit the aggregation of (C1) pigment particles and improve the dispersion stability.
- Examples of the dispersant include a dispersant having an amine value of 5 mgKOH / g or more, a dispersant having an acid value of 5 mgKOH / g or more, a dispersant having an amine value and an acid value of 5 mgKOH / g, amine value, and acid. Dispersants with a value of less than 5 mg KOH / g can be mentioned.
- C1 From the viewpoint of improving the dispersion stability of the pigment particles, a dispersant having an amine value of 5 mgKOH / g or more is preferable.
- the amine value of the dispersant is preferably 5 mgKOH / g or more, more preferably 8 mgKOH / g or more, and even more preferably 10 mgKOH / g or more from the viewpoint of (C1) pigment dispersion stability.
- the amine value of the (F) dispersant is preferably 150 mgKOH / g or less, more preferably 120 mgKOH / g or less, and still more preferably 100 mgKOH / g or less, from the viewpoint of the storage stability of the photosensitive resin composition.
- the amine value here refers to the weight of potassium hydroxide equivalent to the acid reacting with 1 g of (F) dispersant, and the unit is mgKOH / g.
- the amine value can be determined by titrating with an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution. From the amine value, the amine equivalent (unit: g / mol), which is the weight per 1 mol of amino groups, can be calculated, and the number of amino groups in the (F) dispersant can be determined.
- the acid value of the dispersant is preferably 5 mgKOH / g or more, more preferably 8 mgKOH / g or more, and even more preferably 10 mgKOH / g or more from the viewpoint of (C1) pigment dispersion stability.
- the acid value of (F) dispersant is preferably 200 mgKOH / g or less, more preferably 170 mgKOH / g or less, and even more preferably 150 mgKOH / g or less, from the viewpoint of the storage stability of the photosensitive resin composition.
- the acid value means the weight of potassium hydroxide that reacts with 1 g of (F) dispersant, and its unit is mgKOH / g.
- the acid value can be determined by titrating 1 g of the dispersant with an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution. From the value of the acid value, the acid equivalent (unit: g / mol) which is the weight per 1 mol of the acidic group can be calculated, and the number of acidic groups in the (F) dispersant can be determined.
- the dispersant has a structure in which an amino group and / or an acidic group which is a surface affinity group is salted with an acid and / or a base.
- Examples of the dispersant having an amine value of 5 mgKOH / g or more and an acid value of 0 mgKOH / g include “DISPERBYK (registered trademark)”-108, -109, -160, -161, -162, and- 163, -164, -166, -167, -168, -168, -182, -184, -185, -2000, -2008, -2009, -2022, and -2050, -2055, -2150, -2155, -2163, -2164, -2061, "BYK (registered trademark)” -9075, -9077, -LP-N6919, -LP-N21116, -LP-N21324 (all of which are manufactured by Big Chemie Japan Co., Ltd.), "EFKA (registered trademark)” 4015, 4020, 4046, 4047, 4050, 4055, 4060, 4080, 4080, 4300, 4330, 4340
- Examples of the dispersant having an amine value and an acid value of 5 mgKOH / g or more include “ANTI-TERRA (registered trademark)”-U100 or -204, “DISPERBYK (registered trademark)”-106, 142, -145, -180, -2001, -2013, -2020, -2025, -187 or -191, “BYK (registered trademark)” -9076 (Bicchemy Japan Co., Ltd.) ), “Azisper (registered trademark)” PB821, PB880, and PB881 (all of which are manufactured by Ajinomoto Fine Techno Co., Ltd.), “SOLPERSE (registered trademark)” 9000, 11200, 13650, 24000, and the like. 32000, 32500, 32500, 32600, 3300 , The 34,750, the 35100, the 35200, the 37500, the 39000, the 56000, the 76500 (all manufactured by Lubrizol) and
- Examples of the dispersant having an amine value of 0 mg KOH / g and an acid value of 5 mg KOH / g or more include “DISPERBYK (registered trademark)”-102, -110, -111, -118, -170, and- 171, -174, -2060 or -2096, “BYK (registered trademark)” -P104, -P105, -220S (all of which are manufactured by Big Chemie Japan Co., Ltd.) or "SOLPERSE (registered trademark) ) "3000, 16000, 17000, 18000, 21000, 21000, 26000, 28000, 36000, 36600, 38500, 41000, 41090, 53090, 55000 (all are manufactured by Lubrizol) Is mentioned.
- Examples of (F) dispersants having both an amine value and an acid value of 0 mg KOH / g include “DISPERBYK (registered trademark)”-103, -1522, -2200, and -192 (all of which are described above as Big Chemie ⁇ Japan Ltd.), “SOLSPERSE (registered trademark)” 27000, 54000, and X300 (all of which are manufactured by Lubrizol).
- the (F) dispersant may be a dispersant having a polymer chain.
- the dispersant having a polymer chain include an acrylic resin dispersant, a polyoxyalkylene ether dispersant, a polyester dispersant, a polyurethane dispersant, a polyol dispersant, a polyethyleneimine dispersant, or a polyallylamine dispersant. Is mentioned. From the viewpoint of pattern processability with an alkaline developer, acrylic resin dispersants, polyoxyalkylene ether dispersants, polyester dispersants, polyurethane dispersants, and polyol dispersants are preferred.
- the (F) in the negative photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention contains a disperse dye as the (C1) pigment and / or (C2) dye
- the (F) in the negative photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention (F )
- the content of the dispersant is preferably at least 1 part by weight with respect to a total of 100 parts by weight of the (C1) pigment, the (C2) dye in the dye and the (F) dispersant. 5 parts by weight or more is more preferable, and 10 parts by weight or more is more preferable.
- the content of the (F) dispersant is preferably 60 parts by weight or less, more preferably 55 parts by weight or less, and further preferably 50 parts by weight or less, from the viewpoint of heat resistance of the insulating layer.
- the (G) radical polymerizable compound refers to a compound having two or more ethylenically unsaturated double bond groups in the molecule.
- the (G) radical polymerizable compound By containing a radically polymerizable compound, UV hardening at the time of exposure can be accelerated
- the crosslink density after thermosetting can be improved and the hardness of the insulating layer can be improved.
- a compound having a (meth) acryl group which is easy to proceed with radical polymerization, is preferable. From the viewpoint of improving the sensitivity during exposure and improving the hardness of the cured film, a compound having two or more (meth) acryl groups in the molecule is more preferable.
- the double bond equivalent to the radically polymerizable compound is preferably 80 to 400 g / mol from the viewpoint of improving the sensitivity during exposure and improving the hardness of the cured film.
- Examples of the radically polymerizable compound (G) include diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, triethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, tetraethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, propylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane di ( (Meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane di (meth) acrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetra (meta) ) Acrylate, 1,3-butanediol di (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,4-butanediol di (meth) acrylate 1,6-hexanediol di (
- (G) Radical polymerizable compounds are trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, and ditrimethylolpropane tetra (meth) acrylate from the viewpoint of improving sensitivity during exposure and improving the hardness of the cured film.
- (G) a radical polymerizable compound is used to improve the resolution after development between a compound having two or more glycidoxy groups and an unsaturated carboxylic acid having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond group.
- a compound obtained by reacting a cycloaddition reaction product with a polybasic acid carboxylic acid or polybasic carboxylic acid anhydride is also preferred.
- the content of the (G) radical polymerizable compound in the negative photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention is determined from the viewpoints of sensitivity and pattern shape of (A) the alkali-soluble resin and (G) the radical polymerizable compound. 15 parts by weight or more is preferable, 20 parts by weight or more is more preferable, 25 parts by weight or more is more preferable, and 30 parts by weight or more is more preferable with respect to the total content of 100 parts by weight.
- the content of the (G) radical polymerizable compound is preferably 65 parts by weight or less, more preferably 60 parts by weight or less, still more preferably 55 parts by weight or less, and 50 parts by weight or less from the viewpoint of heat resistance of the insulating layer. Is more preferable.
- the photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention may contain an adhesion improving agent.
- an adhesion improver By containing an adhesion improver, the adhesion between the photosensitive resin composition film and a base substrate such as a silicon wafer, ITO, SiO 2 or silicon nitride can be enhanced. Further, resistance to oxygen plasma and UV ozone treatment used for cleaning or the like can be increased.
- adhesion improvers examples include vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, epoxycyclohexylethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, and p-styryltrimethoxy.
- Silane coupling agents such as silane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, titanium chelating agents, aluminum chelating agents, aromatic amine compounds and alkoxy
- titanium chelating agents aluminum chelating agents
- Examples include a reaction product with a group-containing silicon compound. Two or more of these may be contained.
- the content of the adhesion improving agent is preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight in the solid content of the photosensitive resin composition.
- the photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention may contain a surfactant as necessary. By containing the surfactant, the wettability between the photosensitive resin composition film and the substrate can be improved.
- surfactants include SH series, SD series, ST series from Toray Dow Corning Co., Ltd., BYK series from Big Chemie Japan Co., Ltd., KP series from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., and NOF Corporation.
- Silicone surfactants such as the Distortion Series, TSF Series of Momentive Performance Materials Japan GK, DIC Corporation's "MegaFac (R)” series, and Sumitomo 3M's Florard series Fluorosurfactants such as “Surflon (registered trademark)” series of Asahi Glass Co., Ltd., “Asahi Guard (registered trademark)” series, EF series of Shin-Akita Kasei Co., Ltd., Polyfox series of Omninova Solution, etc. , Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd. Polyflow series, Enomoto Kasei Co., Ltd. Isuparon (registered trademark) "series and a surfactant comprising a polymer of (meth) acrylic compounds like. Two or more of these may be contained.
- the content of the surfactant is preferably 0.001 to 1% by weight in the solid content of the photosensitive resin composition.
- the positive photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention may contain a compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group, if necessary.
- a photosensitive resin composition containing a compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group hardly dissolves in an alkaline developer before exposure, and easily dissolves in an alkaline developer upon exposure. It can be developed in time, and the sensitivity can be improved.
- Examples of the compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group include Bis-Z, BisOC-Z, BisOPP-Z, BisP-CP, Bis26X-Z, BisOTBP-Z, BisOCHP-Z, BisOCR-CP, BisP-MZ, BisP-EZ.
- the content of the compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group is preferably 1 to 20% by weight in the solid content of the photosensitive resin composition.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention may contain a sensitizer as necessary.
- a sensitizer is a compound that absorbs energy from exposure, generates excited triplet electrons by internal conversion and intersystem crossing, and can undergo energy transfer to the photopolymerization initiator (b2) described above. Say. The sensitivity at the time of exposure can be improved by containing a sensitizer.
- a thioxanthone sensitizer is preferable.
- the thioxanthone sensitizer include thioxanthone, 2-methylthioxanthone, 2-chlorothioxanthone, 2-isopropylthioxanthone, 2,4-dimethylthioxanthone, 2,4-diethylthioxanthone, or 2,4-dichlorothioxanthone. . Two or more of these may be contained.
- the content of the sensitizer in the negative photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention is 100 parts by weight in total of the contents of (A) the alkali-soluble resin and (G) the radical polymerizable compound from the viewpoint of sensitivity.
- the amount is preferably 1 part by weight or more.
- the content of the sensitizer is preferably 8 parts by weight or less from the viewpoint of resolution and pattern shape.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention may contain a chain transfer agent as necessary.
- the chain transfer agent refers to a compound that can receive a radical from a polymer growth end of a polymer chain obtained by radical polymerization at the time of exposure and can undergo radical transfer to another polymer chain.
- a chain transfer agent By containing a chain transfer agent, the sensitivity during exposure can be improved. This is presumed to be because radicals generated by exposure undergo radical crosslinking to the deep part of the film by radical transfer to other polymer chains by the chain transfer agent.
- the photosensitive resin composition contains the (Ca) black agent as the (C) coloring material described above
- the light from the exposure is absorbed by the (Ca) black agent, so that the light reaches the deep part of the film.
- radical crosslinking is carried out to the deep part of the film by radical transfer by the chain transfer agent, so that the sensitivity during exposure can be improved.
- a low taper pattern shape can be obtained by containing a chain transfer agent. This is presumed to be because the molecular weight of the polymer chain obtained by radical polymerization at the time of exposure can be controlled by radical transfer by a chain transfer agent.
- a thiol chain transfer agent As the chain transfer agent, a thiol chain transfer agent is preferable.
- the thiol chain transfer agent include ⁇ -mercaptopropionic acid, methyl ⁇ -mercaptopropionate, ethyl ⁇ -mercaptopropionate, 2-ethylhexyl ⁇ -mercaptopropionate, n-octyl ⁇ -mercaptopropionate, ⁇ - Methoxybutyl mercaptopropionate, stearyl ⁇ -mercaptopropionate, isononyl ⁇ -mercaptopropionate, ⁇ -mercaptobutanoic acid, methyl ⁇ -mercaptobutanoate, ethyl ⁇ -mercaptobutanoate, 2-ethylhexyl ⁇ -mercaptobutanoate, ⁇ -N-octyl mercaptobutanoate, methoxybutyl ⁇ -mercaptobut
- the chain transfer agent is 1,4-bis (3-mercaptobutanoyloxy) butane, 1,4-bis (3-mercaptopropionyloxy) butane, 1 from the viewpoint of improving sensitivity during exposure and a low taper pattern shape.
- the content of the chain transfer agent in the negative photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention is the sum of the contents of (A) the alkali-soluble resin and (G) the radical polymerizable compound from the viewpoint of sensitivity and pattern shape. 1 part by weight or more is preferable with respect to 100 parts by weight. On the other hand, the content of the chain transfer agent is preferably 8 parts by weight or less from the viewpoint of resolution and heat resistance of the insulating layer.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention may contain a polymerization inhibitor as necessary.
- a polymerization inhibitor can stop radical polymerization by capturing radicals generated during exposure or radicals at the polymer growth end of the polymer chain obtained by radical polymerization during exposure and holding them as stable radicals. A possible compound. By containing a polymerization inhibitor, generation of residues after development can be suppressed and resolution after development can be improved.
- a phenol polymerization inhibitor is preferable.
- phenol polymerization inhibitors include 4-methoxyphenol, 1,4-hydroquinone, 1,4-benzoquinone, 2-t-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 3-t-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 4 -T-butylcatechol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,5-di-t-butyl-1,4-hydroquinone, 2,5-di-t-amyl-1,4 -Hydroquinone or "IRGANOX (registered trademark)" 1010, 1035, 1076, 1098, 1135, 1330, 1726, 1425, 1520, 245, 259, 3114, 565, 295 (All of which are manufactured by BASF). Two or more of these may be contained.
- the content of the polymerization inhibitor in the negative photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention is the content of (A) an alkali-soluble resin and (G) a radical polymerizable compound from the viewpoint of resolution and heat resistance of the insulating layer. 0.1 parts by weight or more is preferable with respect to the total amount of 100 parts by weight. On the other hand, the content of the polymerization inhibitor is preferably 3 parts by weight or less from the viewpoint of sensitivity.
- the photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention may further contain other resins.
- other resins include polyamide, polyamideimide, epoxy resin, novolac resin, urea resin, polyurethane, and precursors thereof.
- the photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention may contain a thermal acid generator as long as the reliability of the organic EL display device is not impaired.
- the thermal acid generator generates an acid by heating and promotes the crosslinking reaction of the thermal crosslinking agent.
- the thermal decomposition starting temperature of the thermal acid generator used in the present invention is preferably 50 ° C. to 270 ° C., more preferably 250 ° C. or less.
- no acid is generated during drying (pre-baking: about 70 to 140 ° C.) after the photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention is applied to a substrate, and then heat treatment (cure: patterning by exposure and development). It is preferable to select one that generates an acid at about 100 to 400 ° C., since it can suppress a decrease in sensitivity during development.
- the acid generated from the thermal acid generator used in the present invention is preferably a strong acid.
- a strong acid for example, p-toluenesulfonic acid, arylsulfonic acid such as benzenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, propanesulfonic acid, butanesulfonic acid
- Alkyl sulfonic acids such as haloalkyl sulfonic acids such as trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid are preferred.
- salts such as onium salts or as covalently bonded compounds such as imidosulfonates. Two or more of these may be contained.
- the content of the thermal acid generator used in the present invention is preferably 0.1% by weight or more in the solid content of the photosensitive resin composition from the viewpoint of the mechanical properties and chemical resistance of the insulating layer.
- the content of the thermal acid generator is preferably 3% by weight or less from the viewpoint of electrical insulation of the insulating layer.
- the organic EL display device of the present invention preferably further has an ultraviolet absorbing layer, and can improve reliability.
- the ultraviolet absorbing layer is preferably a layer that absorbs light having a wavelength of 320 nm or less, more preferably a layer that absorbs light having a wavelength of 360 nm or less, and even more preferably a layer that absorbs light having a wavelength of 420 nm or less.
- the ultraviolet absorbing layer preferably has a high transmittance in a region having a wavelength of 420 nm or more. This is particularly effective when the organic EL display device of the present invention is used outdoors.
- UV absorbing layer is polyimide resin, polyamide resin, polyamideimide resin, polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, polyethersulfone resin, polyarylate resin, polyolefin resin, polyethylene terephthalate resin, polymethyl methacrylate resin, polysulfone resin, polyethylene resin, polychlorinated resin It is preferable to contain a resin such as a vinyl resin, an alicyclic olefin polymer resin, an acrylic polymer resin, or a cellulose ester resin. Two or more of these may be contained. Among these, a polyimide resin and a polyamide resin are preferable.
- the ultraviolet absorbing layer may contain an ultraviolet absorber.
- UV absorbers include benzophenone compounds, oxybenzophenone compounds, benzotriazole compounds, salicylate compounds, salicylic acid ester compounds, acrylonitrile compounds, cyanoacrylate compounds, hindered amine compounds, triazine compounds, nickel complex salts. Examples thereof include ultrafine particles of titanium oxide, metal complex compounds, and other polymer ultraviolet absorbers. Two or more of these may be contained.
- the ultraviolet absorbing layer is preferably a benzotriazole compound or a benzophenone compound that is excellent in transparency, and more preferably a benzotriazole compound.
- benzotriazole compounds examples include 2- (2′-hydroxy-5′-methylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2′-hydroxy-3 ′, 5′-di-tert-butylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2′-hydroxy-3′-tert-butyl-5′-methylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2′-hydroxy-3 ′, 5′-di-tert-butylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzo Triazole, 2- (2′-hydroxy-3 ′-(3 ′′, 4 ′′, 5 ′′, 6 ′′ -tetrahydrophthalimidomethyl) -5′-methylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2,2-methylenebis (4- (1 , 1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) -6- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) phenol), 2- (2′-hydroxy-3 -Tert-butyl-5'-methylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-
- TINUVIN registered trademark
- TINUVIN 171 TINUVIN 326
- benzophenone compounds include 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,2′-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-sulfobenzophenone, and bis (2-methoxy-4-hydroxy-). 5-benzoylphenylmethane). Two or more of these may be contained.
- Examples of the polymeric ultraviolet absorber include a reactive ultraviolet absorber RUVA-93 manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the organic EL display device of the present invention preferably further has a substrate.
- the substrate include glass, a film, and the like that can form electrodes, insulating layers, and organic EL layers.
- the substrate preferably has high gas barrier properties in order to suppress deterioration of the organic EL layer. In the case of the bottom emission method, it is preferable that the substrate has high transparency.
- an organic EL display device having a polarizing layer may be mentioned.
- the polarizing layer for example, a film obtained by dyeing a polyvinyl alcohol film with iodine and stretching it uniaxially is often used. By having the polarizing layer, external light reflection can be suppressed.
- the polarizing layer since the emitted light from the organic EL layer is partially blocked by the polarizing layer and only the transmitted polarized light is output to the outside, the luminance of the organic EL display device tends to decrease.
- the polarizing layer since the polarizing layer is provided, it is difficult to reduce the thickness, weight, and flexibility of the display device.
- the polarizing layer is not included in the present invention.
- the organic EL display device of the present invention can reduce external light reflection without using a polarizing layer, and can improve the luminance of the organic EL display device as compared with the case of using a polarizing layer.
- the organic EL display device of the present invention When the organic EL display device of the present invention is an active matrix type, it has a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) in the substrate.
- the organic EL display device of the present invention can protect a TFT having a black insulating layer by shielding it from light.
- a TFT using an oxide semiconductor containing In, Ga, Sn, Ti, Nb, Sb and / or Zn changes in threshold voltage due to external light or light emitted from an organic EL layer, suppression of deterioration, etc. This makes it possible to stabilize the characteristics and improve the reliability.
- the same effect can be obtained by blackening the planarization layer formed so as to cover the TFT layer.
- ⁇ Method for producing photosensitive resin composition The typical manufacturing method of the photosensitive resin composition used for this invention is demonstrated.
- a pigment is contained as a coloring material (C)
- (F) a dispersant is added to a solution of (A) an alkali-soluble resin and (D) an organic solvent, and this mixture solution is added to the mixed solution using a disperser.
- (C1) It is preferable to prepare a pigment dispersion by dispersing the pigment.
- the photosensitive resin composition is obtained by filtering the obtained solution after stirring.
- the disperser examples include a ball mill, a bead mill, a sand grinder, a three-roll mill, and a high-speed impact mill.
- the disperser is preferably a bead mill from the viewpoint of dispersion efficiency and fine dispersion.
- examples of the bead mill include a coball mill, a basket mill, a pin mill, and a dyno mill.
- examples of beads of the bead mill include titania beads, zirconia beads, and zircon beads.
- the bead diameter of the bead mill is preferably 0.01 to 6 mm, more preferably 0.015 to 5 mm, and further preferably 0.03 to 3 mm.
- (C1) When the primary particle size of the pigment and the secondary particles formed by aggregation of the primary particles are several hundred nm or less, fine beads having a bead size of 0.015 to 0.1 mm are preferred. In this case, a bead mill having a centrifugal separator capable of separating fine beads and pigment dispersion is preferable. On the other hand, when the (C1) pigment contains coarse particles of several hundred nm or more, beads having a bead diameter of 0.1 to 6 mm are preferable from the viewpoint of increasing dispersion efficiency.
- a transparent electrode is selected for the bottom emission method
- a non-transparent electrode is selected for the top emission method.
- the electrode forming method include a method of patterning after forming a material for forming the first electrode.
- the film forming method include sputtering, vapor deposition, CVD, spin coating, slit coating, dip coating, spray coating, and printing, and an appropriate method corresponding to the material should be selected. Can do.
- the pattern processing method include an etching method using a shadow mask or a photomask. In general, a film is formed by a sputtering method, and pattern processing is performed by an etching method using a photoresist.
- an insulating layer on the first electrode. It is preferable to apply the photosensitive resin composition described above to a substrate having a first electrode to obtain a coating film of the photosensitive resin composition. Examples of the coating method include spin coating, slit coating, dip coating, spray coating, and printing. Prior to application, the substrate to which the photosensitive resin composition is applied may be pretreated with an adhesion improving agent in advance.
- a method of treating the substrate surface examples include spin coating, slit die coating, bar coating, dip coating, spray coating, and steam treatment. After application, it is preferably dried under reduced pressure as necessary, and then heated in the range of 50 ° C. to 180 ° C. for 1 minute to several hours using a hot plate, oven, infrared rays, or the like.
- a pattern from the obtained photosensitive resin film it is preferable to form a pattern from the obtained photosensitive resin film. It is preferable to irradiate actinic radiation through a mask having a desired pattern on the photosensitive resin film.
- actinic radiation used for exposure include ultraviolet rays, visible rays, electron beams, and X-rays.
- a developer examples include tetramethylammonium hydroxide, diethanolamine, diethylaminoethanol, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, diethylamine, methylamine, dimethylamine, dimethylaminoethyl acetate, dimethylaminoethanol.
- An aqueous solution of an alkaline compound such as dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, cyclohexylamine, ethylenediamine or hexamethylenediamine is preferred.
- polar solutions such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, dimethylacrylamide, Alcohols such as ethanol and isopropanol, esters such as ethyl lactate and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ketones such as cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, isobutyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone may be added.
- Examples of the developing method include spraying, paddle, dipping, and ultrasonic methods.
- rinsing treatment may be performed by adding alcohols such as ethanol and isopropyl alcohol, esters such as ethyl lactate and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate to pure water.
- the bleaching process it is preferable to perform a bleaching process.
- the quinonediazide compound is changed to indenecarboxylic acid by bleaching treatment, and the formation of an acid anhydride can be suppressed.
- the bleaching treatment it is preferable to irradiate actinic rays such as ultraviolet rays, visible rays, electron beams, and X-rays.
- mercury rays i rays (365 nm), h rays (405 nm) or g rays (436 nm) are emitted by 10 It is preferable to irradiate about ⁇ 10,000 mJ / cm 2 .
- the alkali-soluble resin includes a polyimide precursor, a polybenzoxazole precursor, a copolymer thereof, or a copolymer of these and a polyimide
- an imide ring or an oxazole ring is formed by heat treatment. Therefore, the heat resistance and chemical resistance of the insulating layer can be improved.
- a thermal crosslinking agent is included, a thermal crosslinking reaction can be advanced by heat processing, and the heat resistance and chemical resistance of an insulating layer can be improved.
- This heat treatment is preferably carried out for 5 minutes to 5 hours while selecting the temperature and raising the temperature stepwise, or selecting a certain temperature range and continuously raising the temperature.
- a method of performing heat treatment at 150 ° C. and 250 ° C. for 30 minutes each, a method of linearly raising the temperature from room temperature to 300 ° C. over 2 hours, and the like can be mentioned.
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably 150 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 200 ° C. or higher.
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably 400 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 350 ° C. or lower.
- a typical mask vapor deposition method is a method in which an organic compound is vapor-deposited using a vapor deposition mask and patterned, and a method of performing vapor deposition by arranging a vapor deposition mask having a desired pattern as an opening on the vapor deposition source side of the substrate is mentioned. It is done. In order to obtain a highly accurate vapor deposition pattern, it is preferable to adhere a vapor deposition mask with high flatness to the substrate. Generally, the vapor deposition mask is mounted on the substrate by a technique for applying tension to the vapor deposition mask or a magnet disposed on the back of the substrate.
- a technique for closely contacting the surface is used.
- the method for producing a vapor deposition mask include an etching method, mechanical polishing, a sand blast method, a sintering method, a laser processing method, and the use of a photosensitive resin. If a fine pattern is required, the processing accuracy is excellent. In many cases, an etching method or an electroforming method is used.
- a non-transparent electrode is selected for the bottom emission method, and a transparent electrode is selected for the top emission method. From the viewpoint of reducing damage to the organic EL layer, it is preferable to form the second electrode by a mask vapor deposition method using a vapor deposition mask.
- the range called the light emitting pixel in the organic EL display device is a range regulated by a portion where the first electrode and the second electrode arranged to face each other intersect and overlap each other, and further by an insulating layer on the first electrode.
- the portion where the switching means is formed may be arranged so as to occupy a part of the luminescent pixel, and the shape of the luminescent pixel is not rectangular but may be a part of which is missing. Good.
- the shape of the light emitting pixel is not limited to these, and may be circular, for example, and can be easily changed depending on the shape of the insulating layer.
- the organic EL layer is preferably not exposed to oxygen or moisture, and it is preferable to adhere a glass or metal sealing can or a gas barrier film in a vacuum or an absolutely dry atmosphere. At the same time, it is possible to enclose a desiccant or a hygroscopic agent.
- An organic EL layer having emission peak wavelengths in the red, green, and blue regions, or an organic EL layer that emits white light on the entire surface and used in combination with a separate color filter is called a color display.
- the peak wavelength of light displayed in the red region is usually in the range of 560 to 700 nm
- the green region is in the range of 500 to 560 nm
- the blue region is in the range of 420 to 500 nm.
- the film thickness of the electrode and insulating layer in each Example and Comparative Example was measured using a surface roughness measuring machine (Surfcom 1400D; manufactured by Tokyo Seimitsu Co., Ltd.).
- the thickness of the film contained in the ultraviolet absorbing plate or the circularly polarizing plate was measured using a dial gauge (manufactured by PEACOCK, product name “DG-205 type pds-2”).
- a metal layer of 100 nm was formed on a 38 mm ⁇ 46 mm non-alkali glass substrate by a sputtering method using a magnetron sputtering apparatus (SH-450; manufactured by ULVAC, Inc.).
- SH-450 magnetron sputtering apparatus
- the film composition was changed as shown in Table 1, and the film composition was confirmed by ICP-AES method (inductively coupled plasma analysis).
- An ITO transparent conductive film 10 nm was further formed on the metal layer to obtain non-transparent electrodes 1 to 13.
- the photosensitive resin compositions 1 to 8 obtained in Preparation Examples 7 to 14 were applied to a 38 mm ⁇ 46 mm non-alkali glass substrate by a spin coat method so that the film thickness after curing was 1.0 ⁇ m. Pre-baked for 2 minutes on a hot plate at 0 ° C. This film was exposed to UV through a photomask and then developed with a 2.38 wt% TMAH aqueous solution to dissolve unnecessary portions and rinsed with pure water to obtain a resin pattern. The obtained resin pattern was cured for 60 minutes at 250 ° C.
- insulating layers 1 to 8 each having a square shape with a side of 16 mm were formed at the center of the substrate.
- OD value log 10 (I 0 / I) (1)
- the reflectance (including specular reflection light) of the surface of the organic EL display device is measured using a spectrocolorimeter (CM-2002; manufactured by Konica Minolta Co., Ltd.). The value at a wavelength of 550 nm of the SCI method) was measured. The smaller the reflectance, the more preferable it is because the reflection of external light can be suppressed.
- FIG. 10 A schematic diagram of the dark luminance evaluation environment of the organic EL display device is shown in FIG.
- the apparatus 10 was arranged so that the fluorescent lamp 11 and the spectral radiance meter (CS-1000; manufactured by Konica Minolta Co., Ltd.) 12 face each other with the reflecting surface as a reflection surface. Using the spectral radiance meter 12, the luminance of the surface of the organic EL display device 10 in this environment was measured to obtain dark luminance.
- CS-1000 spectral radiance meter
- the organic EL display device 10 obtained by each of the examples and the comparative examples is caused to emit light by 0.625 mA DC drive, and an organic EL display is performed using the spectral radiance meter 12.
- the brightness and chromaticity of the surface of the apparatus 10 were measured.
- Synthesis Example 1 Synthesis of hydroxyl group-containing diamine compound 18.3 g (0.05 mol) of 2,2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane (BAHF) was added to 100 mL of acetone / 17.4 g of propylene oxide ( 0.3 mol) in a mixed solvent and cooled to ⁇ 15 ° C. A solution prepared by dissolving 20.4 g (0.11 mol) of 3-nitrobenzoyl chloride in 100 mL of acetone was added dropwise thereto. After completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was reacted at ⁇ 15 ° C. for 4 hours and then returned to room temperature. The precipitated white solid was filtered off and vacuum dried at 50 ° C.
- BAHF 2,2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane
- a white solid was placed in a 300 mL stainless steel autoclave, dispersed in 250 mL of methyl cellosolve, and 2 g of a palladium carbon catalyst (palladium 5 wt%) was added. Hydrogen was introduced here with a balloon and the reduction reaction was carried out at room temperature. After about 2 hours, the reaction was terminated by confirming that the balloons did not squeeze any more. After completion of the reaction, the palladium compound as a catalyst was removed by filtration and concentrated with a rotary evaporator to obtain a hydroxyl group-containing diamine compound represented by the following formula.
- Synthesis Example 2 Synthesis of Alkali-Soluble Resin (A-1) 31.0 g (0.10 mol) of bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) ether dianhydride (ODPA) was added to N-methyl-2 under a dry nitrogen stream. -Dissolved in 500 g of pyrrolidone (NMP). Here, 45.35 g (0.075 mol) of the hydroxyl group-containing diamine compound obtained in Synthesis Example 1 and 1.24 g (0.005 mol) of 1,3-bis (3-aminopropyl) tetramethyldisiloxane (SiDA) were obtained. ) was added together with 50 g of NMP, reacted at 20 ° C.
- A-1 Alkali-Soluble Resin
- Synthesis Example 4 Synthesis of Alkali-Soluble Resin (PI-1) In a three-necked flask under a dry nitrogen stream, 31.13 g (0.085 mol) of BAHF, 6.21 g (0.0050 mol) of SiDA, and 3-aminophenol as an end-capping agent; 2.18 g (0.020 mol) of metaaminophenol (MAP) and 150.00 g of NMP were weighed and dissolved. A solution prepared by dissolving 31.02 g (0.10 mol) of ODPA in 50.00 g of NMP was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at 20 ° C. for 1 hour, and then stirred at 50 ° C. for 4 hours.
- PI-1 Alkali-Soluble Resin
- Synthesis Example 5 Synthesis of Alkali-Soluble Resin (PIP-1) Under a dry nitrogen stream, 31.02 g (0.10 mol) of ODPA and 150 g of NMP were weighed and dissolved in a three-necked flask. A solution prepared by dissolving 25.64 g (0.070 mol) of BAHF and 6.21 g (0.0050 mol) of SiDA in 50 g of NMP was added thereto, followed by stirring at 20 ° C. for 1 hour and then at 50 ° C. for 2 hours. Next, a solution prepared by dissolving 5.46 g (0.050 mol) of MAP in 15 g of NMP was added as a terminal blocking agent, and the mixture was stirred at 50 ° C.
- PIP-1 Alkali-Soluble Resin
- Synthesis Example 8 Synthesis of alkali-soluble resin (NV-1) In a three-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser and a thermometer, 94 g (1.0 mol) of phenol was weighed, 176 g (0.8 mol) of zinc acetate as a catalyst, Hydrochloric acid 70 mL (0.84 mol) was added and stirred at 95 ° C. until the solution became homogeneous. Thereafter, about 37% by weight of formalin 81 g (1.0 mol as formaldehyde) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 95 ° C. for 11 hours. The product after stirring was dissolved in acetone, reprecipitated twice with distilled water and dried to obtain an alkali-soluble resin (NV-1) which is a novolak resin.
- Synthesis Example 9 Synthesis of Alkali-Soluble Resin (PHS-1) 310 mL of a tetrahydrofuran solution in which 1.5 mol of potassium t-butoxy was dissolved was stirred and cooled to 5 ° C. with ice cooling, and 50 g (0.31 mol) of paraacetoxystyrene was cooled. Was added dropwise over 30 minutes while maintaining the reaction system at 20 ° C. or lower, and then maintained for another 30 minutes to prepare a tetrahydrofuran solution of potassium paravinyl phenolate colored yellowish yellow. The obtained solution was cooled with ice water, and while maintaining the temperature at 20 ° C.
- PHS-1 Alkali-Soluble Resin
- a 2-liter flask was charged with 1200 mL of tetrahydrofuran as a solvent and 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mol of n-butyllithium as a polymerization initiator, cooled to ⁇ 78 ° C., and then synthesized pt-butoxycarbonyloxystyrene.
- 60 g of monomer dissolved in 50 mL of tetrahydrofuran and cooled to ⁇ 78 ° C.
- the living polymerization reaction was carried out for 1 hour, the solution turned red.
- the reaction was stopped by adding methanol to the reaction solution to terminate the living polymerization reaction.
- the obtained reaction mixture was poured into methanol to precipitate a polymer, and separated and dried to obtain 60 g of a white polymer.
- 1 H-NMR and IR of the obtained polymer were measured.
- the polymer was found to be poly (pt-butoxycarbonyl) in which the active end did not react with the pt-butoxycarbonyloxy group.
- the number average molecular weight measured by the membrane osmotic pressure measurement method was 10,000 g / mol.
- the obtained polymer was monodisperse poly (p-hydroxystyrene).
- the number average molecular weight by the membrane osmotic pressure measuring method of the obtained polymer was 6000 g / mol.
- Preparation Example 1 Preparation of Pigment Dispersion (Bk-1) 138.0 g of a 30% by weight MBA solution of alkali-soluble resin (PI-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 4, “SOLPERSE (registered trademark)” 20000 (Lublizol) Manufactured; polyether dispersant (S-20000) 13.8 g, MBA 685.4 g, “IRGAPHOR (registered trademark)” BLACK S0100CF (benzofuranone-based black pigment having a primary particle size of 40 to 80 nm, manufactured by BASF) (Bk-S0100CF) 82.8 g was weighed and mixed, and stirred for 20 minutes using a high-speed disperser (Homodisper 2.5 type; manufactured by Primix Co., Ltd.) to obtain a preliminary dispersion.
- PI-1 alkali-soluble resin obtained in Synthesis Example 4
- SOLPERSE registered trademark
- S-20000 13.8 g
- MBA 685.4 g IRGAPHOR (registered
- the obtained spare was prepared in an ultra apex mill (UAM-015; manufactured by Kotobuki Industries Co., Ltd.) equipped with a centrifugal separator filled with 75% of 0.30 mm ⁇ zirconia pulverized balls (YTZ; manufactured by Tosoh Corporation).
- Bk-1) was obtained.
- the number average particle diameter of the pigment in the obtained pigment dispersion was 100 nm.
- Preparation Examples 2 to 6 Preparation of Pigment Dispersion Liquid (Bk-2) to Pigment Dispersion Liquid (Bk-6)
- Table 3 shows the types and contents of (C) coloring materials, (A) alkali-soluble resins, and (F) dispersants.
- a pigment dispersion (Bk-2) to a pigment dispersion (Bk-6) were obtained in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1, except that the changes were made as described in 1.
- Table 3 summarizes the compositions of Preparation Examples 1 to 6 and the number average particle diameter of the pigment.
- Preparation Examples 8 to 13 A photosensitive resin was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 7, except that the types of pigment dispersion, (A) alkali-soluble resin, (B) photosensitizer, and (G) radical polymerizable compound were changed as shown in Table 4. Compositions 2-7 were prepared. The compositions of Preparation Examples 8 to 13 are summarized in Table 4.
- Preparation Example 14 Preparation of Photosensitive Resin Composition 8 10.0 g of the alkali-soluble resin (A-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 2 and 1.2 g of the photosensitizer (B-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 3 were mixed with propylene. After dissolving in a mixed solvent of 32.0 g of glycol monomethyl ether (PGME) and 8.0 g of ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL), a 0.2 ⁇ m polytetrafluoroethylene filter (manufactured by Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.) was used. Filtration was performed to obtain a photosensitive resin composition 8.
- PGME glycol monomethyl ether
- GBL ⁇ -butyrolactone
- an aqueous cesium carbonate solution was continuously supplied as a catalyst at a ratio of 0.5 ⁇ mol (as a metal amount, 1.0 ⁇ mol per 1 mol of BPA) with respect to 1 mol of BPA.
- the reaction liquid discharged from the bottom of the reactor is successively and continuously supplied to the second and third vertical stirring reactors (capacity 10 m 3 ) and the fourth horizontal reactor (capacity 15 m 3 ). It was extracted from the polymer outlet at the bottom of the vessel.
- the fourth reactor a biaxial horizontal reactor was used.
- the peripheral speed of the stirring shaft of this fourth polymerization tank was 8.8 cm / s, and the diameter of the stirring shaft was 560 mm.
- the reaction conditions in the second to fourth reactors are the second reactor (260 ° C., 4.00 ⁇ 103 Pa, 75 rpm), the third reactor (270 ° C., 200 Pa, 75 rpm), the fourth reactor (280 ° C., 67 Pa, 4 rpm), and with the progress of the reaction, high temperature and high vacuum were set.
- the liquid level was controlled so that the average residence time of the second and third reactors was 60 minutes and the average residence time of the fourth reactor was 90 minutes. Distillation was also performed.
- the viscosity average molecular weight (Mv) of the reaction solution at the outlet of the fourth reactor was 21,000, and the melt viscosity at 280 ° C. was about 1000 Pa ⁇ s.
- a commercially available leaf disk polymer filter manufactured by Nippon Pole Co., Ltd., metal nonwoven fabric type with an absolute filtration accuracy of 20 ⁇ m (material: SUS316L) was used.
- the obtained polycarbonate resin was vacuum-dried at 80 ° C. for 5 hours, and then a single screw extruder (manufactured by Isuzu Chemical Industries, Ltd., screw diameter 25 mm, cylinder set temperature: 220 ° C.), T die (width 200 mm, set temperature) : 220 ° C.), a film forming apparatus equipped with a chill roll (set temperature: 120 to 130 ° C.) and a winder, to prepare a polycarbonate resin film having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m.
- the retardation film on which the easy-adhesion layer is formed is placed on one side of a polarizer used for a commercially available polarizing plate (manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation, product name “CVS1775SDUHC”). Thus, it bonded together through the PVA-type adhesive agent. At that time, the retardation film was bonded so that the slow axis of the retardation film and the absorption axis of the polarizer formed an angle of 45 °.
- a saponified TAC film manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., trade name: Fuji Tac UV80
- Fuji Tac UV80 Fuji Tac UV80
- a resin composition containing 0.1% by weight of SiO 2 particles having an average particle diameter of 0.25 ⁇ m as an additive in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (inherent viscosity [ ⁇ ] 0.65) has a water content of 50 ppm or less.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the mixture was supplied to an extruder and melted at 280 ° C., and then filtered through a 10 ⁇ m cut fiber-sintered metal filter, introduced into the die, and the molten film was extruded. While applying an electrostatic charge from the wire electrode to the molten film, the molten film was brought into close contact with the cooling roll and cooled to obtain an extruded film.
- the obtained extruded film was preheated at a preheating temperature of 80 ° C., stretched 3.0 times at a stretching temperature of 90 ° C. using a roll-type longitudinal stretching machine, and then cooled to a glass transition temperature or lower. Subsequently, both ends of the obtained stretched film in the longitudinal direction are guided to a tenter while being gripped by clips, stretched 3.5 times in the width direction in a hot air atmosphere heated to a stretching temperature of 105 ° C., and then heated at 235 ° C. Fixed.
- the film forming speed was 50 m / min, and the thickness of the obtained stretched film was 100 ⁇ m.
- an aromatic polyamide solution is applied onto a stainless steel plate using an applicator, dried under conditions of hot air temperature of 120 ° C. and support temperature of 150 ° C. until the film has self-supporting property, and then the gel film is removed from the stainless steel plate. It peeled.
- the gel film was fixed to a metal frame, and the remaining solvent was extracted with water in a water bath having a water temperature of 80 ° C. After the water extraction, the moisture on both surfaces of the water-containing film was wiped off with gauze, and heat treated in an oven at 250 ° C. while being fixed to the metal frame, to obtain an ultraviolet absorbing plate C having a thickness of 75 ⁇ m.
- a synthesized varnish was spin-coated on a glass substrate (AN100 (Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.)) having a thickness of 300 mm ⁇ 400 mm ⁇ 0.7 mm so that the thickness after prebaking at 140 ° C. for 4 minutes was 50 ⁇ m. Then, the prebaking process for 140 degreeC x 4 minutes was performed using the hotplate.
- AN100 Aligni Glass Co., Ltd.
- the pre-baked coating film is placed in an inert oven, heated to 300 ° C. at a heating rate of 3.5 ° C./min under a nitrogen stream (oxygen concentration of 20 ppm or less), held at 300 ° C. for 30 minutes, and kept at 5 ° C.
- the polyimide resin film (on the glass substrate) was produced by cooling to 50 ° C. at a temperature lowering rate of / min.
- a UV absorber represented by the following structural formula
- IRGANOX 1010 manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals
- GSY-P101 ⁇ Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- B stabilizer represented by the following structural formula
- C plasticizer represented by the following structural formula
- the transmittance of the obtained ultraviolet absorbing plates A to E was measured.
- the measurement results are shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis represents wavelength (nm) and the vertical axis represents transmittance (%).
- Examples 1 to 20 and Comparative Examples 1 to 22 An outline of a manufacturing procedure of the organic EL display device will be described with reference to FIGS. 5A to 5D.
- a non-transparent electrode metal layer composition is shown in Table 1
- 100 nm and ITO transparent conductive film 10 nm shown in Table 5 were formed on the entire surface of the substrate by sputtering.
- Etching was performed as an electrode (non-transparent electrode) 6.
- the ITO transparent conductive film was not formed only in Example 18 and Comparative Example 17.
- an auxiliary electrode 9 for taking out the second electrode 7 was also formed (FIG. 5A).
- the obtained substrate was subjected to ultrasonic cleaning with Semico Clean 56 (trade name, manufactured by Furuuchi Chemical Co., Ltd.) for 10 minutes, and then washed with ultrapure water.
- the photosensitive resin composition shown in Table 5 was applied to the entire surface of the substrate by spin coating, and prebaked on a hot plate at 120 ° C. for 2 minutes.
- This film was exposed to UV through a photomask and then developed with a 2.38 wt% TMAH aqueous solution to dissolve unnecessary portions and rinsed with pure water.
- the obtained resin pattern was cured for 60 minutes at 250 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere using a high-temperature inert gas oven (INH-9CD-S; manufactured by Koyo Thermo System Co., Ltd.).
- the openings having a width of 70 ⁇ m and a length of 260 ⁇ m are arranged with a pitch of 155 ⁇ m in the width direction and a pitch of 465 ⁇ m in the length direction, and the insulating layer 3 having a shape in which each opening exposes the first electrode 6, It was limited to the substrate effective area (FIG. 5B).
- the insulating layer 3 having an insulating layer aperture ratio of 25% was formed in the substrate effective area (display area) having a square of 16 mm on one side.
- the thickness of the insulating layer 3 was about 1.0 ⁇ m.
- an organic EL layer 4 including a light emitting layer was formed by a vacuum deposition method (FIG. 5C).
- the degree of vacuum at the time of vapor deposition was 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa or less, and the substrate was rotated with respect to the vapor deposition source during the vapor deposition.
- 10 nm of the compound (HT-1) was deposited as a hole injection layer, and 50 nm of the compound (HT-2) was deposited as a hole transport layer.
- a compound (GH-1) as a host material and a compound (GD-1) as a dopant material were deposited on the light emitting layer in a thickness of 40 nm so that the doping concentration was 10%.
- the compound (ET-1) and the compound (LiQ) as an electron transporting material were laminated at a volume ratio of 1: 1 to a thickness of 40 nm.
- the structure of the compound used in the organic EL layer is shown below.
- a second electrode (transparent electrode) 7 (FIG. 5D).
- a cap-shaped glass plate is sealed by bonding with an epoxy resin adhesive in a low-humidity nitrogen atmosphere, and a top emission type organic EL that is a square with a side of 5 mm on one substrate.
- the film thickness said here is a display value in a crystal oscillation type film thickness monitor. Further, when the same film as the second electrode was measured by the same method as the evaluation of the non-transparent electrode, the transmittance was 50%.
- Example 9 Except for Example 9, the circularly polarizing plate and the ultraviolet absorbing plate obtained by the above-described method were mounted on the front side of the organic EL display device.
- Table 5 shows the configuration of the organic EL display device
- Table 6 shows the results of evaluating the obtained organic EL display device by the above-described method.
- Comparative Example 23 A substrate was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the opening was changed to a 40 ⁇ m wide and 55 ⁇ m long opening with a pitch of 155 ⁇ m and a length of 465 ⁇ m by changing the design of the photomask. In this way, an insulating layer having an insulating layer aperture ratio of 3% in the display area was formed. When this substrate was used for evaluation in the same manner as in Example 3, the reliability was significantly reduced.
- Comparative Example 24 A substrate was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the openings were changed to 100 ⁇ m wide and 325 ⁇ m long by changing the design of the photomask, and arranged with a pitch of 155 ⁇ m in the width direction and a pitch of 465 ⁇ m in the length direction. In this manner, an insulating layer having an insulating layer opening ratio of 45% in the display area was formed.
- this substrate was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 3, the reflectance of the surface of the organic EL display device was significantly increased, and the contrast was deteriorated.
- ITO Indium tin oxide
- KOH Potassium hydroxide
- Substrate 2 First electrode (transparent electrode) 3: Insulating layer 4: Organic EL layer 5: Second electrode (non-transparent electrode) 6: First electrode (non-transparent electrode) 7: Second electrode (transparent electrode) 8: Glass substrate 9: Auxiliary electrode 10: Organic EL display device 11: Fluorescent lamp 12: Spectral radiance meter
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Abstract
Description
OD値 = log10(I0/I) (1)
I0;入射光強度、I;透過光強度。
本発明におけるアルカリ可溶性とは、樹脂をγ-ブチロラクトンに溶解した溶液をシリコンウェハー上に塗布し、120℃で4分間プリベークを行って膜厚10μm±0.5μmのプリベーク膜を形成し、該プリベーク膜を23±1℃の2.38重量%テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド水溶液に1分間浸漬した後、純水でリンス処理したときの膜厚減少から求められる溶解速度が50nm/分以上であることをいう。
本発明における感光性樹脂組成物にポジ型感光性を付与する場合、(B)感光剤としては、(b1)o-キノンジアジド化合物を挙げることができる。また、本発明における感光性樹脂組成物にネガ型感光性を付与する場合、(B)感光剤としては、(b2)光重合開始剤を挙げることができる。ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物は、さらに後述する(G)ラジカル重合性化合物を含有することが好ましい。
本発明における(C)着色材料とは、特定波長の光を吸収する化合物であり、特に、可視光線の波長(380~780nm)の光を吸収することにより着色する化合物が好ましい。(C)着色材料を含有することにより、絶縁層を着色することができ、絶縁層を透過する光または絶縁層から反射する光を、所望の色に着色する、着色性を付与することができる。また、絶縁層を透過する光または絶縁層から反射する光から、(C)着色材料が吸収する波長の光を遮光する、遮光性を付与することができる。この結果、波長380~700nmの可視光域における絶縁層の光学濃度を前述の範囲にすることができる。
(C1)顔料とは、対象物の表面に(C1)顔料が物理吸着したり、対象物の表面と(C1)顔料とが相互作用したりすることにより、対象物を着色させる化合物をいい、一般的に溶剤等に不溶である。(C1)顔料による着色は隠蔽性が高く、紫外線等による色褪せが生じにくい特性を有することから、(C1)顔料を含有することにより、絶縁層を隠蔽性に優れた色に着色することができ、絶縁層の遮光性および耐候性を向上させることができる。
(C2)染料とは、対象物の表面構造に、(C2)染料中のイオン性基またはヒドロキシ基などの置換基が、化学吸着または強く相互作用することなどにより対象物を着色する化合物をいい、一般的に溶剤等に可溶である。(C2)染料による着色は、分子一つ一つが対象物と吸着するため、着色力が高く、発色効率が高いことから、(C2)染料を含有することにより、絶縁層の表色系における色の調整が容易となる。
(D)有機溶剤としては、例えば、γ-ブチロラクトンなどの極性の非プロトン性溶剤、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノ-n-プロピルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノ-n-ブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノ-n-プロピルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノ-n-ブチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノ-n-プロピルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノ-n-ブチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノ-n-プロピルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノ-n-ブチルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサンなどのエーテル類、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、ジイソブチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、2-ヘプタノン、3-ヘプタノン、ジアセトンアルコールなどのケトン類、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、乳酸エチルなどのエステル類、2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチルプロピオン酸エチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸メチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸エチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸メチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸エチル、エトキシ酢酸エチル、ヒドロキシ酢酸エチル、2-ヒドロキシ-3-メチルブタン酸メチル、3-メトキシブチルアセテート、3-メチル-3-メトキシブチルアセテート、3-メチル-3-メトキシブチルプロピオネート、酢酸エチル、酢酸n-プロピル、酢酸i-プロピル、酢酸n-ブチル、酢酸i-ブチル、ぎ酸n-ペンチル、酢酸i-ペンチル、プロピオン酸n-ブチル、酪酸エチル、酪酸n-プロピル、酪酸i-プロピル、酪酸n-ブチル、ピルビン酸メチル、ピルビン酸エチル、ピルビン酸n-プロピル、アセト酢酸メチル、アセト酢酸エチル、2-オキソブタン酸エチル等の他のエステル類、トルエン、キシレンなどの芳香族炭化水素類、N-メチルピロリドン、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド等のアミド類などが挙げられる。これらを2種以上含有してもよい。
本発明で用いられる感光性樹脂組成物は、(E)熱架橋剤を含有することができる。熱架橋剤とは、熱反応性の官能基を分子内に少なくとも2つ有する化合物を指す。熱反応性の官能基としては、例えば、アルコキシメチル基、メチロール基、エポキシ基、オキセタニル基などが挙げられる。これらを2種以上含有してもよい。(E)熱架橋剤を含有することにより、(A)アルカリ可溶性樹脂やその他添加成分を架橋し、硬化膜の耐熱性、耐薬品性および硬度を高めることができる。また、硬化膜からのアウトガス量を低減し、有機EL表示装置の信頼性を向上させることができる。
本発明に用いられる感光性樹脂組成物は、さらに、(F)分散剤を含有することが好ましい。(F)分散剤とは、前述した(C1)顔料または(C2)染料としての分散染料などの表面と相互作用する表面親和性基と、(C1)顔料または分散染料の分散安定性を向上させる分散安定化構造とを有する化合物をいう。(F)分散剤の分散安定化構造としては、ポリマー鎖、静電荷を有する置換基などが挙げられ、立体障害や静電反発の発現による分散効果を期待できる。
本発明において、(G)ラジカル重合性化合物とは、分子中に二つ以上のエチレン性不飽和二重結合基を有する化合物をいう。(G)ラジカル重合性化合物を含有することにより、露光時のUV硬化を促進し、感度を向上させることができる。加えて、熱硬化後の架橋密度を向上させ、絶縁層の硬度を向上させることができる。
本発明で用いられる感光性樹脂組成物は、密着改良剤を含有してもよい。密着改良剤を含有することにより、感光性樹脂組成物膜と、シリコンウェハー、ITO、SiO2、窒化ケイ素などの下地基材との密着性を高めることができる。また、洗浄などに用いられる酸素プラズマ、UVオゾン処理に対する耐性を高めることができる。密着改良剤としては、例えば、ビニルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリエトキシシラン、エポキシシクロヘキシルエチルトリメトキシシラン、3-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-グリシドキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン、p-スチリルトリメトキシシラン、3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-フェニル-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシランなどのシランカップリング剤、チタンキレート剤、アルミキレート剤、芳香族アミン化合物とアルコキシ基含有ケイ素化合物との反応物などが挙げられる。これらを2種以上含有してもよい。密着改良剤の含有量は、感光性樹脂組成物の固形分中、0.1~10重量%が好ましい。
本発明で用いられる感光性樹脂組成物は、必要に応じて界面活性剤を含有してもよい。界面活性剤を含有することにより、感光性樹脂組成物膜と基板との濡れ性を向上させることができる。界面活性剤としては、例えば、東レ・ダウコーニング(株)のSHシリーズ、SDシリーズ、STシリーズ、ビックケミー・ジャパン(株)のBYKシリーズ、信越化学工業(株)のKPシリーズ、日油(株)のディスフォームシリーズ、モメンティブ・パフォーマンス・マテリアルズ・ジャパン合同会社のTSFシリーズなどのシリコーン系界面活性剤、DIC(株)の“メガファック(登録商標)”シリーズ、住友スリーエム(株)のフロラードシリーズ、旭硝子(株)の“サーフロン(登録商標)”シリーズ、“アサヒガード(登録商標)”シリーズ、新秋田化成(株)のEFシリーズ、オムノヴァ・ソルーション社のポリフォックスシリーズなどのフッ素系界面活性剤、共栄社化学(株)のポリフローシリーズ、楠本化成(株)の“ディスパロン(登録商標)”シリーズなどの(メタ)アクリル系化合物の重合体からなる界面活性剤などが挙げられる。これらを2種以上含有してもよい。
本発明で用いられるポジ型の感光性樹脂組成物は、必要に応じてフェノール性水酸基を有する化合物を含有してもよい。フェノール性水酸基を有する化合物を含有する感光性樹脂組成物は、露光前はアルカリ現像液にほとんど溶解せず、露光することにより容易にアルカリ現像液に溶解するため、現像による膜減りが少なく、短時間で現像することができ、感度を向上させることができる。フェノール性水酸基を有する化合物としては、例えば、Bis-Z、BisOC-Z、BisOPP-Z、BisP-CP、Bis26X-Z、BisOTBP-Z、BisOCHP-Z、BisOCR-CP、BisP-MZ、BisP-EZ、Bis26X-CP、BisP-PZ、BisP-IPZ、BisCRIPZ、BisOCP-IPZ、BisOIPP-CP、Bis26X-IPZ、BisOTBP-CP、TekP-4HBPA(テトラキスP-DO-BPA)、TrisPHAP、TrisP-PA、TrisP-PHBA、TrisP-SA、TrisOCR-PA、BisOFP-Z、BisRS-2P、BisPG-26X、BisRS-3P、BisOC-OCHP、BisPC-OCHP、Bis25X-OCHP、Bis26X-OCHP、BisOCHP-OC、Bis236T-OCHP、メチレントリス-FR-CR、BisRS-26X、BisRS-OCHP(商品名、本州化学工業(株)製)、BIR-OC、BIP-PC、BIR-PC、BIR-PTBP、BIR-PCHP、BIP-BIOC-F、4PC、BIR-BIPC-F、TEP-BIP-A(商品名、旭有機材工業(株)製)、1,4-ジヒドロキシナフタレン、1,5-ジヒドロキシナフタレン、1,6-ジヒドロキシナフタレン、1,7-ジヒドロキシナフタレン、2,3-ジヒドロキシナフタレン、2,6-ジヒドロキシナフタレン、2,7-ジヒドロキシナフタレン、2,4-ジヒドロキシキノリン、2,6-ジヒドロキシキノリン、2,3-ジヒドロキシキノキサリン、アントラセン-1,2,10-トリオール、アントラセン-1,8,9-トリオール、8-キノリノールなどが挙げられる。これらを2種以上含有してもよい。
本発明で用いられるネガ型の感光性樹脂組成物は、必要に応じて増感剤を含有してもよい。増感剤とは、露光によるエネルギーを吸収し、内部転換および項間交差によって励起三重項の電子を生じ、前述した(b2)光重合開始剤などへのエネルギー移動を介することが可能な化合物をいう。増感剤を含有することにより、露光時の感度を向上させることができる。
本発明で用いられるネガ型の感光性樹脂組成物は、必要に応じて連鎖移動剤を含有してもよい。連鎖移動剤とは、露光時のラジカル重合により得られるポリマー鎖の、ポリマー成長末端からラジカルを受け取り、他のポリマー鎖へのラジカル移動を介することが可能な化合物をいう。連鎖移動剤を含有することにより、露光時の感度を向上させることができる。これは、露光によって発生したラジカルが、連鎖移動剤によって他のポリマー鎖へラジカル移動することにより、膜の深部にまでラジカル架橋をするためであると推測される。特に、感光性樹脂組成物が前述の(C)着色材料として、(Ca)黒色剤を含有する場合、露光による光が(Ca)黒色剤によって吸収されるため、膜の深部まで光が到達しにくい傾向にあるが、連鎖移動剤を含有する場合、連鎖移動剤によるラジカル移動によって、膜の深部にまでラジカル架橋をするため、露光時の感度を向上させることができる。また、連鎖移動剤を含有させることにより、低テーパーのパターン形状を得ることができる。これは、連鎖移動剤によるラジカル移動によって、露光時のラジカル重合により得られるポリマー鎖の、分子量制御をすることができるためであると推測される。すなわち、連鎖移動剤を含有することにより、露光時の過剰なラジカル重合による、顕著な高分子量のポリマー鎖の生成が阻害され、得られる膜の軟化点の上昇が抑制される。そのため、熱硬化時のパターンのリフロー性が向上し、低テーパーのパターン形状が得られると考えられる。
本発明で用いられるネガ型の感光性樹脂組成物は、必要に応じて重合禁止剤を含有してもよい。重合禁止剤とは、露光時に発生したラジカル、または、露光時のラジカル重合により得られるポリマー鎖の、ポリマー成長末端のラジカルを捕捉し、安定ラジカルとして保持することで、ラジカル重合を停止することが可能な化合物をいう。重合禁止剤を含有することにより、現像後の残渣発生を抑制し、現像後の解像度を向上させることができる。
本発明に用いられる感光性樹脂組成物は、さらに、他の樹脂を含有しても構わない。他の樹脂としては、例えば、ポリアミド、ポリアミドイミド、エポキシ樹脂、ノボラック樹脂、ウレア樹脂、ポリウレタン、それらの前駆体が挙げられる。
本発明に用いられる感光性樹脂組成物の、代表的な製造方法について説明する。例えば、(C)着色材料として(C1)顔料を含有する場合、(A)アルカリ可溶性樹脂と(D)有機溶剤の溶液に(F)分散剤を加え、分散機を用いて、この混合溶液に(C1)顔料を分散させ、顔料分散液を調製することが好ましい。次に、この顔料分散液に、(B)感光剤、その他の添加剤を加え、20分間~3時間撹拌して均一な溶液とすることが好ましい。撹拌後、得られた溶液をろ過することにより、感光性樹脂組成物が得られる。
まず、基板上に第一電極を形成することが好ましい。上述したとおり、ボトムエミッション方式であれば透明電極、トップエミッション方式であれば非透明電極を選択する。電極の形成方法としては、例えば、第一電極を形成する材料を成膜した後、パターン加工する方法が挙げられる。成膜方法としては、例えば、スパッタリング法、蒸着法、CVD法、スピンコート法、スリットコート法、ディップコート法、スプレーコート法、印刷法などが挙げられ、材料に応じた適切な方法を選ぶことができる。パターン加工方法としては、シャドーマスクやフォトマスクなどを用いたエッチング法などが挙げられる。一般的には、スパッタ法により成膜し、フォトレジストを用いたエッチング法によりパターン加工を行う。
各実施例および比較例における電極と絶縁層の膜厚は、表面粗さ測定機(サーフコム1400D;(株)東京精密製)を使用して測定した。紫外線吸収板や円偏光板に含まれるフィルムの厚みは、ダイヤルゲージ(PEACOCK社製、製品名「DG-205 type pds-2」)を使用して測定した。
38mm×46mmの無アルカリガラス基板に、マグネトロンスパッタ装置(SH-450;(株)アルバック製)を用いて、スパッタ法により金属層100nmを形成した。ターゲット組成を変更することにより表1に示すとおりに膜組成を変更し、膜組成はICP-AES法(誘導結合プラズマ分析法)により確認した。金属層上に、さらにITO透明導電膜10nmを形成し、非透明電極1~13を得た。
38mm×46mmの無アルカリガラス基板に、調製例7~14により得られた感光性樹脂組成物1~8を、キュア後の膜厚が1.0μmになるようにスピンコート法により塗布し、120℃のホットプレート上で2分間プリベークした。この膜にフォトマスクを介してUV露光した後、2.38重量%TMAH水溶液で現像し、不要な部分を溶解させ、純水でリンスして樹脂パターンを得た。得られた樹脂パターンを、高温イナートガスオーブン(INH-9CD-S;光洋サーモシステム(株)製)を用いて窒素雰囲気下250℃で60分間キュアした。このようにして、基板中央部に1辺が16mmの四角形である絶縁層1~8を形成した。
OD値=log10(I0/I) (1)
調製例1~6により得られた顔料分散液Bk-1~6を、希釈溶媒としてプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA)を用いて1.0×10-5~40体積%の濃度に希釈した溶液について、ゼータ電位・粒子径・分子量測定装置(ゼータサイザーナノZSP;シスメックス(株)製)を用いて、希釈溶媒の屈折率をPGMEAの屈折率に、測定対象の屈折率を1.8に設定して、波長633nmのレーザー光を照射して顔料分散液中の顔料の数平均粒子径を測定した。
各実施例および比較例により得られた有機EL表示装置について、分光測色計(CM-2002;コニカミノルタ(株)製)を用いて、有機EL表示装置表面の反射率(正反射光を含むSCI方式の波長550nmにおける値)を測定した。反射率が小さいほど、外光反射を抑制することができるため好ましい。
有機EL表示装置の暗輝度評価環境の概略図を図3に示す。各実施例および比較例により得られた点灯していない有機EL表示装置10を、蛍光灯11の直下2.4m、照度500lxの環境下で、水平に対して45°に傾けて、有機EL表示装置10を反射面として蛍光灯11と分光放射輝度計(CS-1000;コニカミノルタ(株)製)12が正対するように配置した。分光放射輝度計12を用いて、この環境における有機EL表示装置10表面の輝度を測定し、暗輝度とした。
前述の暗輝度評価と同じ環境下で、各実施例および比較例により得られた有機EL表示装置10を0.625mAの直流駆動にて発光させ、分光放射輝度計12を用いて、有機EL表示装置10表面の輝度と色度を測定した。発光色である色度(x、y=0.350、0.600)を基準とし、基準と測定値との差異により色ズレを判定した。判定は、x、y共に±0.01以内となれば○、x、y共に±0.02以上となれば×、それ以外を△とした。
上記方法により測定した暗輝度と明輝度の比を、暗輝度を1として算出した。比が大きいほどコントラストが高く好ましい。
各実施例および比較例により得られた有機EL表示装置を、発光面を上にして80℃に加熱したホットプレートに載せ、波長365nm、照度0.6mW/cm2のUV光を照射した。照射直後(0時間)、250時間、500時間、1000時間経過後に、有機EL表示装置0.625mAの直流駆動により発光させ、発光画素の面積に対する発光部の面積率(画素発光面積率)を測定した。
2,2-ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン(BAHF)18.3g(0.05モル)をアセトン100mL/プロピレンオキシド17.4g(0.3モル)の混合溶媒に溶解させ、-15℃に冷却した。ここに3-ニトロベンゾイルクロリド20.4g(0.11モル)をアセトン100mLに溶解させた溶液を滴下した。滴下終了後、-15℃で4時間反応させ、その後室温に戻した。析出した白色固体をろ別し、50℃で真空乾燥した。
乾燥窒素気流下、ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)エーテル二無水物(ODPA)31.0g(0.10モル)をN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)500gに溶解させた。ここに合成例1で得られたヒドロキシル基含有ジアミン化合物45.35g(0.075モル)と1,3-ビス(3-アミノプロピル)テトラメチルジシロキサン(SiDA)1.24g(0.005モル)をNMP50gとともに加えて、20℃で1時間反応させ、次いで50℃で2時間反応させた。次に、末端封止剤として4-アミノフェノール4.36g(0.04モル)をNMP5gとともに加え、50℃で2時間反応させた。その後、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドジメチルアセタール23.8g(0.20モル)をNMP50gで希釈した溶液を10分間かけて滴下した。滴下後、50℃で3時間撹拌した。撹拌後、溶液を室温まで冷却した後、溶液を水3Lに投入して白色沈殿を得た。この沈殿を濾過により集めて、水で3回洗浄した後、80℃の真空乾燥機で24時間乾燥し、ポリイミド前駆体であるアルカリ可溶性樹脂(A-1)を得た。
乾燥窒素気流下、1,1-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-1-[4-[1-(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-1-メチルエチル]フェニル]エタン(TrisP-PA(商品名、本州化学工業(株)製))21.22g(0.05モル)と5-ナフトキノンジアジドスルホニル酸クロリド36.27g(0.135モル)を1,4-ジオキサン450gに溶解させ、室温にした。ここに、1,4-ジオキサン50gと混合したトリエチルアミン15.18gを、系内が35℃以上にならないように滴下した。滴下後30℃で2時間撹拌した。トリエチルアミン塩を濾過し、ろ液を水に投入した。その後、析出した沈殿をろ過により集めた。この沈殿を真空乾燥機で乾燥させ、下記式で表される感光剤(B-1)を得た。
乾燥窒素気流下、三口フラスコに、BAHF31.13g(0.085mol)、SiDA6.21g(0.0050mol)、末端封止剤として3-アミノフェノール;メタアミノフェノール(MAP)2.18g(0.020mol)、NMP150.00gを秤量して溶解させた。ここに、NMP50.00gにODPA31.02g(0.10mol)を溶解した溶液を添加し、20℃で1時間撹拌し、次いで50℃で4時間撹拌した。その後、キシレン15gを添加し、水をキシレンとともに共沸しながら、150℃で5時間撹拌した。撹拌後、反応溶液を水3Lに投入し、析出した固体沈殿をろ過により集めた。得られた固体を水で3回洗浄した後、80℃の真空乾燥機で24時間乾燥し、ポリイミド樹脂であるアルカリ可溶性樹脂(PI-1)を得た。
乾燥窒素気流下、三口フラスコに、ODPA31.02g(0.10mol)、NMP150gを秤量して溶解させた。ここに、NMP50gにBAHF25.64g(0.070mol)、SiDA6.21g(0.0050mol)を溶解した溶液を添加し、20℃で1時間撹拌し、次いで50℃で2時間撹拌した。次に、末端封止剤として、NMP15gにMAP5.46g(0.050mol)を溶解した溶液を添加し、50℃で2時間撹拌した。その後、NMP15gにN,N-ジメチルホルムアミドジメチルアセタール(DFA)23.83g(0.20mol)を溶解した溶液を10分間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、50℃で3時間撹拌した。撹拌後、反応溶液を室温に冷却した後、反応溶液を水3Lに投入し、析出した固体沈殿をろ過して得た。得られた固体を水で3回洗浄した後、80℃の真空乾燥機で24時間乾燥し、ポリイミド前駆体であるアルカリ可溶性樹脂(PIP-1)を得た。
三口フラスコに、9,9-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)フルオレン(BHPF)を35.04g(0.10mol)、3-メトキシ-n-ブチルアセテート(MBA)を40.31g秤量して溶解させた。ここに、MBA30.00gにODPA27.92g(0.090mol)、末端封止剤としてフタル酸無水物(PHA)2.96g(0.020mol)を溶解した溶液を添加し、20℃で1時間撹拌した。その後、窒素雰囲気下、150℃で5時間撹拌した。撹拌後、得られた溶液に、MBA10.00gにメタクリル酸グリシジル(GMA)14.22g(0.10mol)、ジベンジルアミン(DBA)0.135g(0.0010mol)、4-メトキシフェノール(4-MOP)0.037g(0.0003mol)を溶解した溶液を添加し、90℃で4時間撹拌して、カルド系樹脂であるアルカリ可溶性樹脂(CD-1)溶液を得た。得られたアルカリ可溶性樹脂(CD-1)のMwは4,000、カルボン酸当量は800であり、二重結合当量は800であった。
三口フラスコに、2,2’-アゾビス(イソブチロニトリル)(AIBN)0.821g(1mol%)、PGMEA29.29gを仕込んだ。次に、メタクリル酸(MAA)21.52g(50mol%)、メタクリル酸トリシクロ[5.2.1.02,6]デカン-8-イル;ジメチロール-トリシクロデカンジメタアクリレート(TCDM)22.03g(20mol%)、スチレン(STR)15.62g(30mol%)を仕込み、室温でしばらく撹拌して、フラスコ内をバブリングによって十分に窒素置換した後、70℃で5時間撹拌した。次に、得られた溶液に、PGMEA59.47gにGMA14.22g(20mol%)、DBA0.676g(1mol%)、4-MOP0.186g(0.3mol%)を溶解した溶液を添加し、90℃で4時間撹拌して、アクリル樹脂であるアルカリ可溶性樹脂(AC-1)溶液を得た。得られたアルカリ可溶性樹脂(AC-1)のMwは15,000、カルボン酸当量は490であり、二重結合当量は730であった。
還流冷却器と温度計を備えた三口フラスコに、フェノール94g(1.0mol)を秤取し、触媒として酢酸亜鉛176g(0.8mol)、濃塩酸70mL(0.84mol)を加え、95℃で溶液が均一になるまで撹拌した。その後、約37重量%ホルマリン81g(ホルムアルデヒドとして1.0mol)を加え、95℃のまま11時間撹拌した。撹拌後の生成物をアセトンに溶解させ、蒸留水で2回再沈し乾燥して、ノボラック樹脂であるアルカリ可溶性樹脂(NV-1)を得た。
t-ブトキシカリウム1.5molを溶解したテトラヒドロフラン溶液310mLを、氷冷しながら撹拌して5℃に冷却し、パラアセトキシスチレン50g(0.31mol)を、反応系を20℃以下に保ちながら30分間掛けて滴下した後、更に30分間そのまま維持して黄燈色に着色したカリウムパラビニルフェノラートのテトラヒドロフラン溶液を調製した。得られた溶液を氷水を用いて冷却し、20℃以下に保ちながら、ジ-t-ブチルカーボネート67.28g(0.31mol)を溶解したテトラヒドロフラン溶液60mLを滴下し、更に室温で1時間撹拌した。得られた溶液に飽和食塩水300mLを加え、振とうした後、水相と分離した有機相を分取した。得られた有機相に無水硫酸ナトリウムを加え、水分を除去し、次いで溶媒を留去して濃縮液を得た。得られた濃縮液を減圧下で乾燥して、26.7Paの圧力下における沸点が90~92℃のp-t-ブトキシカルボニルオキシスチレン65gを得た。上記のようにして得たp-t-ブトキシカルボニルオキシスチレン(モノマー)を、更にCaH2の存在下で蒸留した後、ベンゾフェノンナトリウムを用いて精製し、水分等の不純物を除去した。
合成例4により得られた、アルカリ可溶性樹脂(PI-1)の30重量%のMBA溶液138.0g、“SOLSPERSE(登録商標)”20000(Lubrizol製;ポリエーテル系分散剤)(S-20000)13.8g、MBA685.4g、“IRGAPHOR(登録商標)”BLACK S0100CF(一次粒子径40~80nmのベンゾフラノン系黒色顔料、BASF製)(Bk-S0100CF)82.8gを秤量して混合し、高速分散機(ホモディスパー 2.5型;プライミクス(株)製)を用いて20分撹拌し、予備分散液を得た。0.30mmφのジルコニア粉砕ボール(YTZ;東ソー(株)製)が75%充填された遠心分離セパレータを具備する、ウルトラアペックスミル(UAM-015;寿工業(株)製)に、得られた予備分散液を供給し、ローター周速7.0m/sで3時間処理して、固形分濃度15重量%、着色剤/樹脂/分散剤=60/30/10(重量比)の顔料分散液(Bk-1)を得た。得られた顔料分散液中の顔料の数平均粒子径は100nmであった。
(C)着色材料、(A)アルカリ可溶性樹脂、(F)分散剤の種類と含有量を表3に記載のとおりに変更したこと以外は調製例1と同様にして、顔料分散液(Bk-2)~顔料分散液(Bk-6)を得た。
調製例1~6の組成と顔料の数平均粒子径をまとめて表3に示す。
黄色灯下、感光剤“アデカアークルズ”NCI-831((株)ADEKA製)(NCI-831)0.256gをMBA10.186gに添加し、撹拌して溶解させた。次に、合成例4により得られたアルカリ可溶性樹脂(PI-1)の30重量%のMBA溶液0.300g、合成例5により得られたアルカリ可溶性樹脂(PIP-1)の30重量%のMBA溶液2.275g、ラジカル重合性化合物 “KAYARAD”DPHA(日本化薬(株)製;ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサアクリレート)(DPHA)の80重量%のMBA溶液1.422gを添加して撹拌し、均一溶液である調合液を得た。次に、調製例1により得られた顔料分散液(Bk-1)12.968gを秤量し、ここに、上記で得られた調合液12.032gを添加して撹拌し、均一溶液とした。その後、得られた溶液を0.45μmφのフィルターでろ過し、感光性樹脂組成物1を調製した。
顔料分散液、(A)アルカリ可溶性樹脂、(B)感光剤、(G)ラジカル重合性化合物の種類を表4に記載のとおりに変更したこと以外は調製例7と同様にして、感光性樹脂組成物2~7を調製した。
調製例8~13の組成をまとめて表4に示す。
前記合成例2により得られたアルカリ可溶性樹脂(A-1)10.0g、合成例3により得られた感光剤(B-1)1.2gをプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(PGME)32.0gとγ-ブチロラクトン(GBL)8.0gの混合溶媒に溶解した後、0.2μmのポリテトラフルオロエチレン製のフィルター(住友電気工業(株)製)を用いて濾過し、感光性樹脂組成物8を得た。
(ポリカーボネート樹脂フィルムの作製)
ジフェニルカーボネート(三菱化学(株)製)(DPC)とビスフェノールA(三菱化学(株)製)(BPA)とを、モル比DPC/BPAが1.050となるように混合し、温度155℃で原料混合物の溶融液を調製した。原料導入管を介して、220℃、13.3×103Paに制御した容量10m3の第1竪型撹拌反応器内に、4400kg/時の流量で原料溶融液を連続供給し、平均滞留時間が60分間となるように、反応器底部のポリマー排出ラインに設けられたバルブ開度を制御しつつ、液面レベルを一定に保った。また、原料溶融液の供給を開始すると同時に、触媒として、BPA1モルに対し、0.5μモル(金属量としてBPA1モルに対し1.0μモル)の割合で炭酸セシウム水溶液を連続供給した。
上記方法により得られたポリカーボネート樹脂フィルムから幅350mm、長さ700mmの試料を切り出した。この試料を、バッチ式二軸延伸装置KARO IV(ブルックナー社製)を用いて、延伸温度:ガラス転移温度+4℃、延伸速度:180mm/分(ひずみ速度300%/分)の条件で、1×2.0倍の一軸延伸を行い、透明フィルムを得た。このとき、延伸方向に対して直交方向は保持せずに延伸を行った。このようにして、厚み70μmの位相差フィルムを得た。
上記方法により得られた位相差フィルムの一方の面にコロナ処理を施した。一方、化学式:NH2CH2NHCH2CH2Si(OC2H5)3で表されるシラン化合物(日本ユニカー(株)製、商品名:APZ6601)100重量部に対してイソプロピルアルコール67部重量を混合し、濃度60重量%のシラン化合物溶液を調製した。得られたシラン化合物溶液を、位相差フィルムのコロナ処理面に塗布し、120℃で2分間乾燥して、位相差フィルム上に厚み40nmの易接着層を形成した。
前記円偏光板の作製に記載の方法により得られたポリカーボネート樹脂フィルムを紫外線吸収板Aとした。
ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)(固有粘度[η]=0.65)に添加剤として平均粒径0.25μmのSiO2粒子を0.1重量%含有する樹脂組成物を、含水率が50ppm以下になるように乾燥した後、押出機に供給して280℃で溶融した後に、10μmカットの繊維燒結金属フィルターを通過させて濾過し、口金に導入し、溶融フィルムを押し出した。この溶融フィルムにワイヤー状の電極から静電荷を印加しながら、冷却ロール上に溶融フィルムを密着させ、冷却して押出フィルムを得た。得られた押出フィルムを予熱温度80℃で予備加熱して、ロール式長手方向延伸機を用いて、延伸温度90℃で3.0倍に延伸した後、ガラス転移温度以下に冷却した。続いて、得られた長手方向延伸フィルムの両端をクリップで把持しながらテンタに導き、延伸温度105℃に加熱された熱風雰囲気中で幅方向に3.5倍に延伸した後、235℃で熱固定した。製膜速度は50m/minで、得られた延伸フィルムの厚さは100μmであった。
脱水したNMPに、85モル%に相当する2-クロルパラフェニレンジアミンと15モル%に相当する4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテルを溶解させ、これに98.5モル%に相当する2-クロルテレフタル酸クロリドを添加して、30℃以下で約2時間の撹拌を行い、芳香族ポリアミドを重合した。得られた芳香族ポリアミド溶液を、炭酸リチウム、ジエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミンにより中和した後、多量の水に投入し、再沈・乾燥して粉体状の芳香族ポリアミドを得た。その後、得られた芳香族ポリアミド粉末をNMPに溶解させ、芳香族ポリアミド溶液を得た。
乾燥窒素気流下、200mL4つ口フラスコに3,3’、4,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物(BPDA)14.6181g(49.7mmol)、2,2-ビス(4-(3,4-ジカルボキシフェノキシ)フェニル)プロパン二無水物(BSAA)1.3611g(2.6mmol)、トランス-1,4-ジアミノシクロへキサン(CHDA)5.9721g(52.3mmol)、NMP100gを入れて65℃で加熱撹拌した。6時間後、冷却してワニスとした。
セルロースアセテートプロピオネート(アセチル基置換度1.4、プロピオニル基置換度1.3、分子量Mn=86,000、Mw/Mn=2.5)を、空気中、常圧下で130℃、2時間乾燥し、室温まで放冷した。このセルロースアセテートプロピオネート100重量部に、下記構造式で表されるA紫外線吸収剤2.3重量部、IRGANOX 1010(チバスペシャルティケミカルズ(株)製)0.5重量部、GSY-P101(堺化学工業(株)製)0.25重量部、下記構造式で表されるB安定剤0.3重量部、下記構造式で表されるC可塑剤8.0重量部を添加し、この混合物を250℃で加熱溶融した後、T型ダイより溶融押出成形し、さらに160℃において1.2×1.2の延伸比で延伸し、膜厚40μmの紫外線吸収板Eを得た。
図5A~図5Dを参照して、有機機EL表示装置の作製手順の概略を説明する。まず、38mm×46mmの無アルカリガラス基板8に、表5に示す非透明電極の金属層(組成は表1に示す)100nmおよびITO透明導電膜10nmをスパッタ法により基板全面に形成し、第一電極(非透明電極)6としてエッチングした。ただし、実施例18と比較例17のみ、ITO透明導電膜を形成しなかった。また同時に、第二電極7を取り出すための補助電極9も形成した(図5A)。得られた基板をセミコクリーン56(商品名、フルウチ化学(株)製)で10分間超音波洗浄してから、超純水で洗浄した。次にこの基板全面に、表5に示す感光性樹脂組成物をスピンコート法により塗布し、120℃のホットプレート上で2分間プリベークした。この膜にフォトマスクを介してUV露光した後、2.38重量%TMAH水溶液で現像し、不要な部分を溶解させ、純水でリンスした。得られた樹脂パターンを、高温イナートガスオーブン(INH-9CD-S;光洋サーモシステム(株)製)を用いて窒素雰囲気下250℃で60分間キュアした。このようにして、幅70μm、長さ260μmの開口部が幅方向にピッチ155μm、長さ方向にピッチ465μmで配置され、それぞれの開口部が第一電極6を露出せしめる形状の絶縁層3を、基板有効エリアに限定して形成した(図5B)。このようにして、1辺が16mmの四角形である基板有効エリア(表示エリア)に絶縁層開口率25%の絶縁層3を形成した。絶縁層3の厚さは約1.0μmであった。
有機EL表示装置の構成を表5に、得られた有機EL表示装置について、前述の方法により評価した結果を表6に示す。
フォトマスクの設計変更により、開口部を幅40μm、長さ55μmの開口部とし、幅方向にピッチ155μm、長さ方向にピッチ465μmで配置した以外は、実施例3と同様に基板を作製した。このようにして表示エリアにおける絶縁層開口率3%の絶縁層を形成した。この基板を用いて実施例3と同様に評価したところ、信頼性が著しく低下した。
フォトマスクの設計変更により、開口部を幅100μm、長さ325μmの開口部とし、幅方向にピッチ155μm、長さ方向にピッチ465μmで配置した以外は、実施例3と同様に基板を作製した。このようにして表示エリアにおける絶縁層開口率45%の絶縁層を形成した。この基板を用いて実施例3と同様に評価したところ、有機EL表示装置表面の反射率が大幅に上昇し、コントラストが悪化した。
ITO:酸化インジウムスズ
KOH:水酸化カリウム
2:第一電極(透明電極)
3:絶縁層
4:有機EL層
5:第二電極(非透明電極)
6:第一電極(非透明電極)
7:第二電極(透明電極)
8:ガラス基板
9:補助電極
10:有機EL表示装置
11:蛍光灯
12:分光放射輝度計
Claims (10)
- 少なくとも透明電極、有機EL層、非透明電極をこの順に有し、さらに黒色の絶縁層を有する有機EL表示装置であって、
前記非透明電極の反射率が25%±20%である、有機EL表示装置。 - 偏光層を有しない、請求項1記載の有機EL表示装置。
- さらに紫外線吸収層を含む、請求項1または2記載の有機EL表示装置。
- 前記絶縁層が、(C)着色材料を含有する感光性樹脂組成物の硬化膜である、請求項1~3のいずれか記載の有機EL表示装置。
- 前記感光性樹脂組成物が、さらに(A)アルカリ可溶性樹脂および(B)感光剤を含有する、請求項4記載の有機EL表示装置。
- 前記(A)アルカリ可溶性樹脂が、ポリイミド、ポリイミド前駆体、ポリベンゾオキサゾール、ポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体、ポリシロキサン、アクリル樹脂および/またはカルド樹脂を含む、請求項5記載の有機EL表示装置。
- 前記非透明電極が、Ag、Al、C、Cr、Cu、Mo、NiまたはTiを主成分とする、請求項1~6のいずれか記載の有機EL表示装置。
- 表示エリアにおける絶縁層開口率が20%±15%である、請求項7記載の有機EL表示装置。
- 前記非透明電極が多層構造を有する、請求項7または8記載の有機EL表示装置。
- 前記非透明電極を構成する多層構造のうち、最表面層が透明導電性酸化物材料から形成される、請求項9記載の有機EL表示装置。
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| KR1020197014037A KR102475330B1 (ko) | 2016-12-01 | 2017-11-29 | 유기 el 표시 장치 |
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| JP2022016320A (ja) * | 2020-07-09 | 2022-01-21 | 東レ株式会社 | 有機el表示装置、およびその製造方法 |
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| JP2005339957A (ja) * | 2004-05-26 | 2005-12-08 | Seiko Epson Corp | 電界発光素子及び表示素子 |
| JP2010103105A (ja) * | 2008-09-29 | 2010-05-06 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 有機電界発光素子の製造方法、有機電界発光素子、有機elディスプレイおよび有機el照明 |
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| JP2015197995A (ja) * | 2014-04-01 | 2015-11-09 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス装置の製造方法及び有機エレクトロルミネッセンス装置 |
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| JP7310349B2 (ja) | 2018-06-25 | 2023-07-19 | 東レ株式会社 | 有機el表示装置 |
| JP2022016320A (ja) * | 2020-07-09 | 2022-01-21 | 東レ株式会社 | 有機el表示装置、およびその製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US11011707B2 (en) | 2021-05-18 |
| TWI769196B (zh) | 2022-07-01 |
| CN109964540A (zh) | 2019-07-02 |
| KR20190085929A (ko) | 2019-07-19 |
| CN109964540B (zh) | 2022-04-01 |
| TW201828774A (zh) | 2018-08-01 |
| JPWO2018101356A1 (ja) | 2019-10-24 |
| US20190386217A1 (en) | 2019-12-19 |
| KR102475330B1 (ko) | 2022-12-08 |
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