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WO2018182401A1 - Dispositif et procédé de chauffage et de refroidissement mettant en œuvre un semi-conducteur à effet peltier - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de chauffage et de refroidissement mettant en œuvre un semi-conducteur à effet peltier Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018182401A1
WO2018182401A1 PCT/MY2018/000016 MY2018000016W WO2018182401A1 WO 2018182401 A1 WO2018182401 A1 WO 2018182401A1 MY 2018000016 W MY2018000016 W MY 2018000016W WO 2018182401 A1 WO2018182401 A1 WO 2018182401A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
therapy
thermoelectric cooler
heat
user
cold
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/MY2018/000016
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Graziano ACCORTI
Prakash Om
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitech Cryotherm (m) Sdn Bhd
Original Assignee
Hitech Cryotherm (m) Sdn Bhd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitech Cryotherm (m) Sdn Bhd filed Critical Hitech Cryotherm (m) Sdn Bhd
Priority to EP18778308.9A priority Critical patent/EP3621568A4/fr
Publication of WO2018182401A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018182401A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
    • A61F7/007—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body characterised by electric heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
    • H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
    • H10N10/13—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the heat-exchanging means at the junction
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
    • A61F7/007—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body characterised by electric heating
    • A61F2007/0075—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body characterised by electric heating using a Peltier element, e.g. near the spot to be heated or cooled
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
    • A61F2007/0093—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body programmed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
    • A61F2007/0095—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body with a temperature indicator
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
    • A61F2007/0095—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body with a temperature indicator
    • A61F2007/0096—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body with a temperature indicator with a thermometer

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to a semiconductor- based heating and cooling device and method, and more particularly to an device for thermal treatment of human injury or an animal injury, for providing cyclic heat treatment of hot therapy and cold therapy to the human injured part or the animal injured part.
  • Peltier coolers and the use of them to cool eiectronic elements and devices is also well known .
  • typical arrangements of these include a plurality of thermal couples in contact with two planar elements.
  • This system is invariably used in all Peltier configurations.
  • the Peltier cooler and the device to be cooled are typically electrically isolated. That is, they are thermally coupled but are on different electronic circuits.
  • the semiconductors are known to be mounted on ceramic substrate for thermal conductivity and insulation. While the concept is known, the elements used io implement the concept has limitations which prevent t eir efficient use.
  • a therapy device (100) for providing heating to injured body pari of a user includes an accessory (102).
  • the accessory (102) includes a heat sink (112) having a plurality of fins.
  • the accessory (102) further includes a first electrical insulator (114) located below the heat sink (.112), and configured to insulate the heat sink (112).
  • the accessory (102) further include at least one thermoelectric cooler (118) located below the electrical insolator (114), and configured to generate heat at a first side and to generate cool at a second side of th at least one thermoelectric cooler (116).
  • the accessory (102) further includes a second electrical insulator (118) located below the at least one thermoeiectnc cooler (118), and configured to insulate the at least one thermoelectric cooler (116).
  • the accessory (102) further includes a metallic plate (120) located below the second electrical insulator ( 18), and configured to provide heat or cool to a body part of the user.
  • a method for providing therapy to a user includes receiving electrical power by a therapy device (100). Further, the method includes enabling a user to provide temperature value and duration of the temperature, utilizing a peitier effect to generate heat or cold at at least one thermoelectric cooler, and utilizing fins as a heat sink above the thermoelectric cooler. The method further includes providing hot therapy or cold therapy to a user's injured body part.
  • F!G. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of internal components of the accessory of the therapy device, according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • each of the expressions “at ieast one of A, B and C", - at least one of A, 8, or C, “one or more of A 8, and C", "one or more of A, B, or C" and "A, B, and/or C” means A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, 8 and C together, or A, B and C together.
  • a or “an” entity refers to one or more of that entity.
  • the terms “a” (or ' “an”), “one or more” and “at least one” can he used interchangeably herein. It is also to be noted thai the terms “comprising “ , “including”, and “having” can be used interchangeably.
  • automated refers to any process or operation done without material human input when the process or operation i performed. However, a process or operation can be automatic, even though performance of the process or operation uses material or immaterial human input, if the input is received before performance of the process or operation. Human input is deemed to be material if such input influences how the process or operation will be performed. Human input that consents to the performance of the process or operation is not deemed to be "material”.
  • FIG, 1 illustrates a perspectiv view of a therapy device (100).
  • the therapy device (100) includes an accessory (102) (shown in FIG. 1) and a control system (104) (shown in FIG. 2), and a cable (106).
  • the accessory (102) is configured to receive electrical power through the cable (108).
  • the control system (104) is configured to be embedded in the accessory (102).
  • the control system (104) includes a display board (108) and an encoder (110) (as shown in FIG. 2).
  • the display board (108) is configured to display temperature value (for example, 30 degrees Celsius) that has been set by a user/operator using the encoder (110).
  • the encoder (110) enables the user to set a desired temperature and duration for the desired therapy.
  • the control system (104) further includes various circuitries to enable it to provide electrical power to the accessory (102) for a limited time period, as set by the user.
  • the control system (104) makes the therapy device (100) easy to use by a user, as setting temperature and duration becomes very easy and anyone can use the device.
  • the accessories (102) include various types of anatomic wraps which uses medical graded aluminium plates to deliver cold and heat therapy within minutes.
  • the therapy device (100) may include a manipoie (not shown in figure) for areas that the wraps cannot reach effectively.
  • the therapy device (100) is configured to provide cold as well as hot therapy (i.e., dual shock), as heating range of the therapy device (100) are from 0 degree Celsius to 42 degree Celsius, Further, in an embodiment, the therapy device (100) is configured to get cold within 2 minutes of setting, and Is configured to get hot within 1 minute of setting on the control device (104). The therapy device (100) is configured to fluctuate from cold to hot within few minutes (for example, 2 minutes). Further, the therapy device (100) is configured to provide a displa of the setting of temperature and timer value o the display board (108).
  • FIG. 3 illustrates internal components of the accessor (102) of the therapy device (100), according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG.
  • the accessory (102) includes a plurality of components, which are positioned on one another from top to bottom.
  • the accessory (102) includes a heat sink (112).
  • the heat sink (112) includes a plurality of fins.
  • the plurality of fins are provided as straight and rectangular fins (as shown in the figure 3).
  • the plurality of fins are provided as cylindrical fins (122) (as shown in the figure 4).
  • the cylindrical fins (122) include air trapped inside the fins, and the air facilitates heat transfer due to convection process.
  • the plurality of tins facilitates increasing the rate of heat transfer from the thermoelectric cooler (116) below.
  • the heat sink (112) includes a predetermined dimension (height, length, breadth, and diameter) of fins.
  • the heat sink (112 ⁇ includes an embedded copper portion that acts as a heat: reducer, and further facilitates increasing rate of heat transfer by conduction process.
  • the accessory (102) includes a metallic plate (120).
  • the metallic plate (120) is circular, in another embodiment, the metallic plate ( 20) ma be rectangular.
  • the metallic plate (120) is custom built thermal conductor plates, and is safe for the end user to utilise it as a medical piece. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the metallic plate (120) includes no sharp edges as it is configured to come in direct contact wit human skin.
  • the accessory (102) includes at least one thermoelectric cooler (116).
  • the thermoelectric cooler (116) is configured to act as heat pump which generates heat ) ⁇ at first side and extreme cool at second side.
  • thermoelectric cooler (118) Heat generated/coo! generated by the thermoelectric cooler (118) heats or cool down the temperature of the metallic plate (120), which provides desired therapy to the user's injured part.
  • Peltier effect is used to generate the cold or heat at the thermoelectric cooler (116), in an embodiment the thermoelectric cooler (116) Is made up of a semiconductor material including p-type and n-type.
  • thermoelectric cooler (118) when the cool therapy is desired to be given to the user's injured part, the thermoelectric cooler (118) ;s used for cooling its below surface, which will cool the metallic plate (120) at bottom of the accessory (102).
  • heat is absorbed at the cold side by electrons as they pass from a low energy level in a p-iype semiconductor material to a higher energy level in an n- type semiconductor material.
  • a supplied voltage between the p-type semsconductor materia! and the n-type semiconductor material provides electrical potential to move the electrons through the thermoelectric cooler (118).
  • energy is expelled to a heat sink (i.e., fins (112)) as electrons move from the higher energy level n-type semiconductor material to the low energy level p-type semiconductor material.
  • thermoelectric cooler (118) is used for heating its below surface, which will heat ! 1 the metallic plate (120) at bottom of the accessory (102), At the upper surface of the thermoelectric cooler, which is cool side, energy is expelled to a heat sink (i.e., fins 11 ) as electrons move from the lower energy level p ⁇ type semiconductor material to the higher energy level n-type semiconductor material.
  • the accessory (102) further Includes an electrical insulator (114) that acts as a thin layer of wall between th semiconductor material of the thermoelectric cooler (116) and metal walls of the heat sink (112).
  • the accessory (102) further includes another electrical insulator (1 8) that acts as a thin layer of wall between the semiconductor material of the thermoelectric cooler (116) and metal walls of the metallic plate (120).
  • both the electrical insulator ( 14) and the electrical insulator ( 18) are configured to play a dual-role as an insulator and adhesive, which merge both the Peltier and metal material together.
  • the iherapy device (100) is configured to provide cold therapy, hot therapy, cyclic hot and cold therapy as well as any combination of the hot therapy and cold therapy depending upon requirement.
  • cold therapy can be given for acute injuries and post-surgical conditions to reduce muscle spasm and provide pain relief, to reduce swelling.
  • the hot therapy can be given for chronic injuries and tissue healing, and to increase elasticity of ligaments, and increase blood pressure to the area.
  • the therapy device (100) may be used as a thermo-electric device (100).
  • the thermo-electric device ( 100) may provide cooling and heating to a outside environment or enclosed environment or surface, for example room or any enclosure.
  • the thermo-electric device (100) includes similar components and structure as the therapy device.
  • the thermo-electric device ⁇ 100 ⁇ may include different components and structure depending upon requirement.
  • the thermo-electric device (100) includes the accessory
  • thermo-electric device (100) may include different shaped accessory depending upon requirement.
  • the accessory (102) includes a heat sink (112 ⁇ having a plurality of fins, a first electrical insulato (114 ⁇ that is configured to insulate the heat sink (112), a thermoelectric cooler (118 ⁇ that is configured to generate heat at a first side and to generate coo! at a second side of the thermoelectric cooler ( 16), a second electrical insulator (118) that is configured to insulate the thermoelectric coole (116), and a metallic plate (120) that is configured to provide heat or cool to the outside environment.
  • thermoelectric cooler (116) is made up of a semiconductor material on a non-ceramic substrate, and is configured to utilize a peltier effect to generat heat and cold at the first side and the second side.
  • the non-ceramic substrate is a polypropylene material.
  • the pluralities of fins are cylindrical fins, i another embodiment., the pluralities of fins are rectangular fins.
  • the thermo-electric device (100) further includes a cable (106 ⁇ having wires to supply the electrical power to the accessory (102), as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the thermo-electric device (100) includes a control system (104). as shown in FIG. 2.
  • a control system (104) is embedded in the accessory (102), and includes a display board (108) to display temperature and duration of the temperature.
  • the control system (104) further includes an encoder (110) to enable a user to set a temperature value and duration of the temperature.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary flowchart 500 for a method of providing therapy to a user, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a temperature value and duration of the temperature is set by the user depending upon requirement, For example, If cold therapy is required, user may set the temperature to around 0 degree Celsius. If hot therapy is required, the user may set the temperature to around 35 degree Celsius.
  • Peltier effect Is used by the thermoelectric cooler (1 16) to generate heat or cold, and fins are utilized as heat sink above the thermoelectric cooler ( 16).
  • the therapy device (100) advantageously provides both hot as well as cold therap to a user's injured body part, and is capable of treating different types of injuries. Further, the therapy device advantageously provides delivering targeted temperature management (JTM) and healing a user's injury, without any ice or water. Further, the therapy device advantageously provides delivering much better cold therapy and hot therapy to the user's injured food part as peltie module does not use any ceramic, thereby delivering better therapy results, Further, the therapy device advantageously provides plug and operate feature, and hence it is easy to use by any user. Further, the therapy device doe not need any external heat sink to cool down the hot temperature generated by operating the device. The therapy device also provides a custom built metal plate which enables the user to apply cool/hot temperature to almost any surface.
  • JTM targeted temperature management
  • the therapy device advantageously provides delivering much better cold therapy and hot therapy to the user's injured food part as peltie module does not use any ceramic, thereby delivering better therapy results.
  • the therapy device advantageously provides plug
  • the present invention provides a Peltier effect semiconductor system 1000 as shown in Fig. 6.
  • the system 1000 includes at least one semiconductor element pair 1100 arranged to produce Peltier effect wherein the semiconductor element pair 1 100 includes one P-type doped semiconductor element 1 00a and one ⁇ type doped semiconductor element 100b, each element 1 100 having a cold end 1 120 and a hot end 1 140, further said element pair 1 100 being arranged to form a portion of a thermal circuit, a pair of non-ceramic substrate 1 180 ⁇ 1180a, 1 160b) wherein the at least one semiconductor element pair 1 00 is sandwiched between the non-ceramic substrate 1180a, 1160b , wherein the non- ceramic substrate 80 provides thermal conductivity and also act as electrical insulators.
  • the non-ceramic substrate 1160 is a polypropylene material for mounting the semiconductor element pair.
  • the polypropylene material provides faster insulation and thermal conductivity.
  • Table 1 alsovv shows Experiment (Hot for End User wrap) initial Temperature: 29.8' 5 c; No. of Peltier Used: 2; Experiment Area: Thigh; Time Used: 20 Minutes.
  • Table 4 below shows Experiment (Cold for Professional wrap) Environment Temperature: 27 3 c: Initial Temperature: 27.5°c; No. of Peltier Used: 2; Experiment Area: Thigh; Time Used: 13 Minutes.
  • the non-ceramic substrate 1160 is fashioned of thermally conductive material whereby heat easily passes from hot ends into the non-ceramic substrate.
  • one substrate of the pair of non-ceramic substrate 180 is thermally coupled to the cold ends 1 20 of the at least one P-type doped semiconductor element 1100a and one N ⁇ type doped semiconductor element 1100b.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système à semi-conducteur à effet Peltier (1000) comprenant au moins une paire d'éléments semi-conducteurs (1100) agencés pour produire un effet Peltier. En outre, l'invention concerne un dispositif de thérapie (100) permettant de fournir une cicatrisation à une partie corporelle blessée d'un utilisateur. Le dispositif de thérapie comprend un accessoire (102). L'accessoire (102) comprend un dissipateur thermique (112) ayant une pluralité d'ailettes, un premier isolant électrique (114), au moins un refroidisseur thermoélectrique (116). Le dispositif est conçu pour générer de la chaleur au niveau d'un premier côté et pour générer du froid au niveau d'un second côté du ou des refroidisseurs thermoélectriques (116).
PCT/MY2018/000016 2017-03-28 2018-03-28 Dispositif et procédé de chauffage et de refroidissement mettant en œuvre un semi-conducteur à effet peltier Ceased WO2018182401A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18778308.9A EP3621568A4 (fr) 2017-03-28 2018-03-28 Dispositif et procédé de chauffage et de refroidissement mettant en oeuvre un semi-conducteur à effet peltier

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
MYPI2017701056 2017-03-28
MYPI2017701056 2017-03-28
MYPI2017701059 2017-03-28
MYPI2017701059 2017-03-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018182401A1 true WO2018182401A1 (fr) 2018-10-04

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PCT/MY2018/000016 Ceased WO2018182401A1 (fr) 2017-03-28 2018-03-28 Dispositif et procédé de chauffage et de refroidissement mettant en œuvre un semi-conducteur à effet peltier

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP3621568A4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018182401A1 (fr)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4585002A (en) * 1985-04-22 1986-04-29 Igor Kissin Method and apparatus for treatment of pain by frequently alternating temperature stimulation
US5040381A (en) * 1990-04-19 1991-08-20 Prime Computer, Inc. Apparatus for cooling circuits
US6127619A (en) * 1998-06-08 2000-10-03 Ormet Corporation Process for producing high performance thermoelectric modules
US20030097845A1 (en) * 2001-11-26 2003-05-29 John Saunders Thermoelectric modules and a heating and cooling apparatus incorporating same
US20040059400A1 (en) * 2002-09-25 2004-03-25 Ray-Ming Lin Electric fever relief device
US20090025774A1 (en) * 2007-07-23 2009-01-29 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Thermoelectric means and fabric-type structure incorporating such a means
US20130085552A1 (en) * 2010-06-11 2013-04-04 William R. Mandel Apparatus for therapeutic cooling and warming of a body portion of a human or mammal
US9506675B1 (en) * 2013-09-23 2016-11-29 Geoffrey O. Campbell Thermoelectric coolers with asymmetric conductance

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWM498009U (zh) * 2014-09-15 2015-04-01 Victoria Chen 冷熱敷裝置

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4585002A (en) * 1985-04-22 1986-04-29 Igor Kissin Method and apparatus for treatment of pain by frequently alternating temperature stimulation
US5040381A (en) * 1990-04-19 1991-08-20 Prime Computer, Inc. Apparatus for cooling circuits
US6127619A (en) * 1998-06-08 2000-10-03 Ormet Corporation Process for producing high performance thermoelectric modules
US20030097845A1 (en) * 2001-11-26 2003-05-29 John Saunders Thermoelectric modules and a heating and cooling apparatus incorporating same
US20040059400A1 (en) * 2002-09-25 2004-03-25 Ray-Ming Lin Electric fever relief device
US20090025774A1 (en) * 2007-07-23 2009-01-29 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Thermoelectric means and fabric-type structure incorporating such a means
US20130085552A1 (en) * 2010-06-11 2013-04-04 William R. Mandel Apparatus for therapeutic cooling and warming of a body portion of a human or mammal
US9506675B1 (en) * 2013-09-23 2016-11-29 Geoffrey O. Campbell Thermoelectric coolers with asymmetric conductance

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP3621568A4 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3621568A1 (fr) 2020-03-18
EP3621568A4 (fr) 2021-08-04

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