WO2018181488A1 - 微小物質検出方法及び微小物質検出用デバイス - Google Patents
微小物質検出方法及び微小物質検出用デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018181488A1 WO2018181488A1 PCT/JP2018/012795 JP2018012795W WO2018181488A1 WO 2018181488 A1 WO2018181488 A1 WO 2018181488A1 JP 2018012795 W JP2018012795 W JP 2018012795W WO 2018181488 A1 WO2018181488 A1 WO 2018181488A1
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- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
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- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
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- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
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- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
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- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/569—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses
- G01N33/56983—Viruses
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- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
- G01N33/581—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with enzyme label (including co-enzymes, co-factors, enzyme inhibitors or substrates)
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- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/08—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a stream of discrete samples flowing along a tube system, e.g. flow injection analysis
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- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
- B01L2200/06—Fluid handling related problems
- B01L2200/0605—Metering of fluids
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- B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
- B01L2200/06—Fluid handling related problems
- B01L2200/0673—Handling of plugs of fluid surrounded by immiscible fluid
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- B01L2200/06—Fluid handling related problems
- B01L2200/0689—Sealing
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
- B01L2200/14—Process control and prevention of errors
- B01L2200/142—Preventing evaporation
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- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0809—Geometry, shape and general structure rectangular shaped
- B01L2300/0819—Microarrays; Biochips
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0848—Specific forms of parts of containers
- B01L2300/0858—Side walls
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0861—Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices
- B01L2300/0864—Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices comprising only one inlet and multiple receiving wells, e.g. for separation, splitting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
- B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
- B01L2400/0403—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces
- B01L2400/0406—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces capillary forces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M1/00—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
- C12M1/34—Measuring or testing with condition measuring or sensing means, e.g. colony counters
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
- C12Q1/04—Determining presence or kind of microorganism; Use of selective media for testing antibiotics or bacteriocides; Compositions containing a chemical indicator therefor
- C12Q1/06—Quantitative determination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/70—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving virus or bacteriophage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a minute substance detection method and a minute substance detection device. More specifically, a minute droplet in which a minute substance is encapsulated is formed in a plurality of receptacles formed on a substrate so as to be separated from each other, and the minute substance existing in the droplet is optically, electrically and / or Or, it relates to a magnetic detection method.
- markers such as nucleic acids, proteins, viruses and cells quickly, simply and with high sensitivity.
- marker proteins 100 molecules from each cell
- the blood concentration of the marker protein is about 30 aM.
- a technique capable of detecting such a very low concentration substance there is a need for a technique capable of detecting such a very low concentration substance.
- the detection target substance can be detected with a sensitivity of one molecular unit.
- Patent Document 1 as a technique applicable to a single molecule enzyme assay, “a plurality of accommodating portions that can accommodate only one bead are separated from each other by a side wall having a hydrophobic upper surface” And a bead introducing step of introducing a hydrophilic solvent containing the beads into the space between the lower layer portion and the upper layer portion facing the surface where the accommodating portion is formed, and after the bead introducing step There is disclosed a bead encapsulating method including a hydrophobic solvent introducing step of introducing a hydrophobic solvent into the space.
- Patent Document 1 The technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 is “a lower layer part in which a plurality of accommodating parts are separated from each other by a side wall having a hydrophobic upper surface, and a surface on which the accommodating part in the lower layer part is formed. Using an array having a flow cell structure in which the lower layer portion and the upper layer portion are opposed to each other with a space therebetween. It is. According to this technique, “a large number of beads can be efficiently encapsulated in an array, so that a low concentration of target molecules can be detected with high sensitivity”.
- the main object of the present invention is to provide a technology for enabling highly sensitive detection by enclosing a detection target substance such as a nucleic acid, a protein, and a virus in an extremely small volume droplet with a simple operation. To do.
- the present invention provides the following [1] to [20].
- [1] A method for detecting minute substances contained in a plurality of receptacles formed separately from each other, (1) A procedure for introducing a solvent containing the minute substance into a space between a lower layer portion where the receptacle is formed and an upper layer portion facing the surface where the receptacle is formed in the lower layer portion; , (2) introducing a gas into the space to form a droplet of a solvent containing the minute substance in the receptacle; (3) A method comprising optically, electrically and / or magnetically detecting the minute substance present in the droplet.
- a method for optically detecting minute substances contained in a plurality of receptacles formed separately from each other based on a change in absorbance and / or fluorescence of a chromogenic substrate (1) A procedure for introducing a solvent containing the minute substance into a space between a lower layer portion where the receptacle is formed and an upper layer portion facing the surface where the receptacle is formed in the lower layer portion; , (2) introducing a gas into the space to replace the solvent in the space with the gas, and forming a droplet of the solvent including the minute substance in the receptacle; (3) A procedure for detecting a change in absorbance and / or fluorescence of the chromogenic substrate present in the droplet.
- a substrate comprising: a lower layer part in which a plurality of receptacles capable of accommodating minute substances are formed apart from each other; and an upper layer part facing the surface of the lower layer part on which the receptacle is formed;
- a liquid feeding part for introducing a solvent into a space between the lower layer part and the upper layer part of the substrate;
- An air supply section for introducing gas into the space;
- a substance detection device comprising: a detector that optically, electrically, and / or magnetically detects the minute substance present in the receptacle.
- the air supply unit includes a tank in which the gas is brought into contact with water.
- the lower layer portion includes a reservoir in which the substrate is capable of holding the solvent therein and whose internal volume is larger than the internal volume of the receptacle.
- the device according to [10] comprising a chamber for maintaining the substrate in a humid environment.
- the air supply unit includes a tank in which the gas is brought into contact with water.
- the lower layer portion includes a reservoir in which the substrate is capable of holding the solvent therein and whose internal volume is larger than the internal volume of the receptacle.
- the device of [16] comprising a chamber for maintaining the substrate in a humid environment.
- a technique for enabling highly sensitive detection by enclosing a detection target substance such as a nucleic acid, a protein, and a virus in an extremely small volume droplet with a simple operation is provided.
- the substance detection method includes the following procedures (A) to (C).
- the micro substance (microscopic body, hereinafter also referred to as “target substance”) to be detected is not particularly limited as long as the substance has a size that can be accommodated in the receptacle.
- the target substance may be a nucleic acid, a protein, a sugar, a lipid and a complex thereof, or a virus.
- the target substance is preferably a nucleic acid, protein, sugar, lipid, or a complex thereof that can serve as a marker for various diseases or infectious diseases.
- Nucleic acids include natural nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA, and artificial nucleic acids such as LNA and PNA, and polymers thereof.
- the target material may be held on a carrier.
- a carrier microbeads are widely used.
- microbead is used synonymously with “particle” and is a common technique in the art.
- the shape of the microbead is not particularly limited, but is usually a spherical shape.
- the material of the microbead is not particularly limited, and may be glass, silica gel, polystyrene, polypropylene, a membrane, a magnetic material, and the like.
- Specific materials include cellulose, cellulose derivatives, acrylic resins, glass, silica gel, polystyrene, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, copolymers of vinyl and acrylamide, polystyrene cross-linked with divinylbenzene, polyacrylamide, latex gel, polystyrene dextran. , Rubber, silicon, plastic, nitrocellulose, cellulose, natural sponge, silica gel, glass, metal plastic, cellulose, crosslinked dextran (Sephadex TM) and agarose gel (Sepharose TM).
- the beads may be porous.
- the beads preferably have an average particle diameter of 5 ⁇ m or less, for example, about 1 ⁇ m to 4 ⁇ m. In addition, an average particle diameter can be measured using electron microscope observation or a dynamic light scattering method, for example.
- An array 1 (see FIG. 1A) of devices used in the substance detection method according to the present invention includes a lower layer portion 1a in which a plurality of receptacles 112 are formed, which accommodates a target material, and an upper layer facing the lower layer portion 1a. Part 1b.
- the lower layer portion 1a and the upper layer portion 1b face each other with the space 1c interposed therebetween.
- Each receptacle 112 is separated from each other by a side wall 113.
- Each receptacle 112 has an opening in contact with the space 1 c between the side wall 113 and the side wall 113.
- a large number of receptacles 112 are arranged in the surface direction of the lower layer portion 1a of the array 1, and the target material can be trapped in the receptacle 112 from the openings.
- the array 1 can be formed using a known technique such as wet etching or dry etching of a glass substrate layer, or nanoimprinting, injection molding, or cutting of a plastic substrate layer.
- the material of the array 1 is a light-transmitting material when optically detecting a target substance, and is, for example, glass or various plastics (PP, PC, PS, COC, COP, PDMS, etc.).
- PP polyethylene
- PS polycarbonate
- COC COC
- COP COP
- PDMS light-transmitting material
- the distance between the facing surfaces of the lower layer portion 1a and the upper layer portion 1b is not particularly limited, but is about 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the receptacle 112 has a size (volume) and shape that can accommodate the target material.
- the target substance is a nucleic acid, protein, sugar, lipid, or a complex thereof; or a virus
- the diameter of the bottom surface is about 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m and the height (depth) of the receptacle 112 is small.
- the volume is about 1 zept liter to 1 atto liter.
- the shape of the well 11 is preferably cylindrical or prismatic from the viewpoint of ease of molding.
- the receptacle 112 has an aspect ratio of 1 or more, preferably 1.1 or more, 1.2 or more, 1.3 or more, 1.4 or more, more preferably 1 for forming a droplet in a substance containing procedure described later.
- the value is greater than or greater than 2.5.
- the aspect ratio can be 1 to 2.5, preferably 1.5 to 2.5, more preferably 2.0 to 2.5.
- the aspect ratio is defined as t / d where d is the diameter of the bottom surface of the receptacle 112 (when the receptacle 112 is a cylinder or a rectangular parallelepiped, it is the same as the diameter of the opening) and t is the height. Ratio.
- d is the diameter of the bottom surface of the receptacle 112 (when the receptacle 112 is a cylinder or a rectangular parallelepiped, it is the same as the diameter of the opening) and t is the height. Ratio.
- the diameter d refers to the diameter of the bottom surface in the longitudinal direction.
- the depth t is the maximum depth of the receptacle 112.
- the first solvent S1 may be any suitable solvent for dissolving or suspending the target substance 3 and the chromogenic substrate 4, and is used for detecting nucleic acids, proteins, sugars, lipids and complexes thereof, and viruses. Commonly used solvents are used.
- the first solvent S1 includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of water, alcohols, ethers, ketones, nitrile solvents, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). It may be a mixture or the like, preferably water.
- the alcohol include ethanol, methanol, propanol, and glycerin.
- Examples of the ether include tetrahydrofuran, polyethylene oxide, 1,4-dioxane and the like.
- Examples of the ketone include acetone and methyl ethyl ketone.
- Examples of the nitrile solvent include acetonitrile.
- the first solvent S1 may contain a buffer substance.
- MES General Mobile Chemical Company
- ADA N- (2-Acetamido) iminodiacetic acid
- PIPES Pieriperazine-1,4-bis (2- ethanesulfonic acid)
- ACES N- (2-Acetamido) -2-aminoethanesulfonic acid
- BES N, N-Bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -2-aminoethanesulfonic acid
- TES N-Tris (hydroxymethyl) methyl- So-called good buffers such as 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid HEPES (4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid), Tris (tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane), DEA (diethanolamine) and the like can be used.
- the first solvent may contain a surfactant.
- the surfactant is not particularly limited.
- TWEEN 20 CAS number: 9005-64-5, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate
- Triton X-100 CAS number: 9002-93-1, generic name polyethylene glycol mono) -4-octylphenyl ether (n ⁇ 10)
- concentration of the surfactant added to the first solvent 20 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 1%.
- an anionic surfactant an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant, a naturally derived surfactant and the like can be widely used.
- anionic surfactant examples include a carboxylic acid type, a sulfate ester type, a sulfonic acid type, and a phosphate ester type.
- specific examples include sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium laurate, sodium ⁇ -sulfo fatty acid methyl ester, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl ethoxylate sulfate, etc.
- sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate is used. It is preferable to use it.
- Examples of the cationic surfactant are classified into a quaternary ammonium salt type, an alkylamine type, and a heterocyclic amine type. Specific examples include stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyl tripyridinium chloride, dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, and the like.
- Nonionic surfactants include, for example, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, polyoxyethylene mono fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, alkyl polyglycoside , N-methylalkylglucamide and the like.
- amphoteric surfactants include lauryldimethylaminoacetic acid betaine, dodecylaminomethyldimethylsulfopropylbetaine, and 3- (tetradecyldimethylaminio) propane-1-sulfonate, but 3-[(3-colamide Propyl) dimethylammonio] -1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 3-[(3-colamidopropyl) dimethylammonio] -2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPSO) and the like are preferably used.
- lauryldimethylaminoacetic acid betaine dodecylaminomethyldimethylsulfopropylbetaine
- 3- (tetradecyldimethylaminio) propane-1-sulfonate but 3-[(3-colamide Propyl) dimethylammonio] -1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 3-[(3-colamidopropyl) dimethylammoni
- lecithin and saponin are preferable, and among the compounds referred to as lecithin, specifically, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, etc. preferable.
- a saponin Kiraya saponin is preferable.
- the first solvent S1 including the target material 3 and the color developing substrate 4 may be injected from an inlet provided in the upper layer portion 1b and connected to the space 1c, for example. Note that an outlet from which the solvent and gas are discharged can be connected to the opposite side of the space 1c to the inlet connection side.
- the first solvent S1 introduced into the space 1c proceeds between the lower layer portion 1a and the upper layer portion 1b by capillary action, and is filled into the space 1c (see FIG. 1B). As a result, the target material 3 and the chromogenic substrate 4 are introduced into the receptacle 112.
- the concentration of the target material 3 in the first solvent S1 is low, either one molecule of the target material 3 is introduced into each receptacle 112 or not at all.
- the concentration of the target material 3 in the first solvent S1 is higher, two or more target materials 3 can be introduced into each receptacle 112.
- the chromogenic substrate 4 is preferably contained in the first solvent S1 at a concentration sufficiently higher than the concentration of the target material 3. Accordingly, one or more molecules of the chromogenic substrate 4 are introduced into almost all the receptacles 112.
- the substance detection device may include a liquid feeding part for introducing the first dissolved solvent S1 into the space 1c.
- the liquid feeding unit includes a tank to which the first solvent S1 is supplied, a tube and a pump that connect the tank and the inlet, and the like.
- the substance detection device may include a temperature controller in addition to the array 1 and the liquid feeding unit.
- the temperature controller may be a heat block that can control the temperature of the array 1 by a Peltier element, a Joule-Thomson element, or the like.
- the substance detection device may include an air supply unit that introduces the gas G into the space 1c in addition to the array 1 and the liquid supply unit.
- the air supply unit includes a tank to which the gas G is supplied, a tube and a pump that connect the tank and the inlet, and the like.
- the gas G is not particularly limited as long as it is a gas at the environmental temperature of this procedure (which is not particularly limited, but may be room temperature), and for example, air or nitrogen gas can be suitably used.
- the gas G introduced into the space 1c advances through the space 1c while replacing the first solvent S1 filled in the space 1c.
- a droplet D of the first solvent S1 containing the chromogenic substrate 4 is formed in the receptacle 112 (see FIG. 1C).
- a target material 3 is sealed together with the chromogenic substrate 4 in a certain ratio of the droplets D formed on the receptacle 112.
- the introduction of the gas G may be performed by a method in which the gas G is injected from the inlet, or may be performed by a method in which the gas G is introduced from the inlet by applying a negative pressure from the outlet. At this time, air may be introduced from the inlet by applying a negative pressure to the outlet with the inlet open. Furthermore, the first solvent S1 filled in the space 1c is discharged from the outlet by applying a centrifugal force in the direction from the inlet to the outlet to the array 1 with the inlet opened. In addition, air may be introduced from the inlet. As a method for applying such centrifugal force, a method of placing the substrate 1 on a rotating plate can be mentioned.
- the aspect ratio of the receptacle 112 is used to facilitate the retention of the first solvent S1 in the receptacle 112 and to promote the formation of the droplet D or to suppress the transpiration of the formed droplet D.
- the aspect ratio can be 1 to 2.5, preferably 1.5 to 2.5, more preferably 2.0 to 2.5.
- the aspect ratio is smaller than this range, even the first solvent S1 in the receptacle 112 is replaced by the gas G, or the formed droplets D are lost due to transpiration, so that the droplets D are formed. Efficiency may be reduced. Note that the first solvent S1 can be easily held in the receptacle 112 by increasing the depth as compared to the opening diameter of the receptacle 112 into the space 1c.
- the gas G is brought into contact with water before this procedure.
- Formation of droplets D by suppressing the evaporation of the first solvent S1 held in the receptacle 112 by bringing the gas G into contact with water and increasing the water vapor saturation of the gas G introduced into the space 1c in advance.
- the transpiration of the formed droplets D can be suppressed.
- Dry air promotes solvent evaporation, and saturated air can be unstable. Therefore, in the present invention, assuming that the predetermined operation is performed at about room temperature, when the moisture contained in the gas is defined as relative humidity, it is preferably about 50 to 80%.
- the substance detection device according to the present invention preferably includes a tank in which the gas G is brought into contact with water in the air supply unit.
- the first solvent S1 introduced into the reservoir in the substance introduction procedure can function as a water supply source (liquid reservoir) for increasing the water vapor saturation in the space 1c in this procedure.
- One or two or more reservoirs can be provided in a region that does not affect the detection of the target material 3 in the lower layer portion 1a.
- the substance detection device preferably includes a chamber for holding the substrate 1 inside and maintaining it in a humid environment.
- a highly hydratable substance may be added to the first solvent S1 when it is water. . Since the highly hydrated substance retains water, evaporation of the first solvent S1 can be suppressed.
- the highly hydrated substance is not particularly limited as long as it does not affect the optical, electrical and / or magnetic detection of the target substance 3 in the detection procedure described later.
- gel such as agarose and acrylamide; polyethylene Hydrophilic polymers such as glycol and cellulose; and osmolite such as glycine, betaine, sorbitol, sucrose, mannitol, trehalose and urea
- concentration of these highly hydratable substances added to the first solvent S1 is, for example, about 0.1 to 5%, preferably about 0.5 to 2%.
- the target material 3 present in the droplet D is detected optically, electrically and / or magnetically.
- the target substance 3 is optically detected by detecting a change in absorbance and / or fluorescence of the chromogenic substrate 4. More specifically, the target substance 3 is responsive to the chromogenic substrate 4.
- a virus having an enzyme having a substrate-cleaving activity on the surface or inside thereof and the chromogenic substrate 4 is a substance that is cleaved by the enzyme and liberates a reaction product as a chromophore.
- the chromogenic substrate 4 may be any substance that generates a reaction product having optical characteristics different from those before the reaction after the reaction with the enzyme, such as a substance whose absorbance or optical rotation changes before and after the reaction, or fluorescence after the reaction. It may be a substance that comes to exhibit.
- the reaction between the enzyme present on the surface of the target substance 3 (virus) particle or inside the particle and the chromogenic substrate 4 coexists in a very small volume, and a reaction product is generated.
- the enzyme 31 is present on the surface or inside of the virus particle (the figure shows the case where the enzyme 31 is present on the virus surface).
- a reaction product 6 is generated.
- the reaction product 6 exhibits optical characteristics different from those of the chromogenic substrate 4 and exhibits a shift in absorbance and optical rotation and fluorescence (or luminescence).
- the reaction product 6 is generated and accumulated in the minimal volume of the droplet D (in the order of zeptoliter to attoliter) by the reaction between the enzyme 31 and the chromogenic substrate 4. Furthermore, since the droplet D is not in interface contact with other solvents or solutions, the reaction product 6 generated and accumulated in the droplet D does not leak from the droplet D. By these, since the production
- the virus is an influenza virus (see Table 1), and 4-methylumbelliferyl- ⁇ -D-neuraminic acid (4-Methylbelliferyl-N-acetyl- ⁇ -D-neuraminic acid: 4MU-NANA) is added to the chromogenic substrate 4 This will be described more specifically by taking the case of using as an example.
- Neuraminidase (enzyme 31) is present on the surface of influenza virus particles.
- 4MU-NANA chromogenic substrate 4
- 4-methylumbelliferone reaction product 6
- 4-methylumbelliferone accumulates in the minimal volume of droplet D, and the accumulated 4-methylumbelliferone emits enhanced fluorescence.
- the reaction product 6 can be generated if the chromogenic substrate 4 and the enzyme 31 come into contact with each other in the first solvent S1 before this procedure, but includes the target substance 3 and the chromogenic substrate 4 in this procedure.
- the produced reaction product 6 is not accumulated in the minimum volume before the droplet D of the first solvent S1 is formed. For this reason, in the detection of the reaction product 6, the influence of the reaction product 6 generated before this procedure is small enough to be ignored.
- the target material 3 present in the droplet D is detected optically, electrically and / or magnetically (see FIG. 1D).
- the influenza virus as the target substance 3 is detected by detecting the fluorescence emitted from the reaction product 6 (4-methylumbelliferone) generated in the droplet D.
- Optical detection can be performed by a detector 7 including a light source, an optical path for condensing light from the light source in the receptacle 112 and condensing light generated from the receptacle 112 on the sensor, and the sensor.
- the substance detection device according to the present invention may include a detector 7 in addition to the array 1, the liquid supply unit, and the air supply unit.
- Light from the light source is irradiated into the receptacle 112 from the lower side of the array 1 (opposite to the opening surface of the well 11), and light generated from the receptacle 112 is also collected from the same side.
- Normally used lenses and filters are arranged between the light source and the array 1 and between the array 1 and a sensor such as a CMOS image sensor.
- the device for detecting a minute substance may include a temperature controller for controlling the temperature of the array 1.
- a heating mechanism or a temperature adjusting mechanism disclosed in Patent Document 2 can be adopted as the temperature controller.
- the temperature controller may be a heat block whose temperature can be controlled by, for example, a Peltier element or a Joule-Thomson element.
- the reaction product 6 can be generated in the first solvent S1 even before the substance accommodation procedure, but most of the reaction product 6 produced before the substance accommodation procedure is in the substance accommodation procedure.
- the gas G replaces the first solvent S1 and removes it to the outside. For this reason, in the detection of the reaction product 6 in this procedure, the reaction product 6 generated before the substance accommodation procedure does not become noise, and the reaction product 6 generated and accumulated in the minimal volume of the droplet D is used. Can be detected selectively.
- the concentration of the target material 3 in the first solvent S1 in the material introduction procedure is relatively high, two or more target materials 3 can be introduced into each droplet D.
- fluorescence detection of 4-methylumbelliferone (reaction product 6) in the droplet D was performed, and the obtained fluorescence intensity and a standard curve defining the relationship between the fluorescence intensity and neuraminidase activity prepared in advance Is used to calculate the neuraminidase enzyme activity.
- the presence or absence of influenza virus is determined or the number of particles is quantified using a standard curve that defines the calculated enzyme activity and the relationship between the enzyme activity and the number of virus particles prepared in advance (analog quantification).
- the influenza virus as the target substance 3 can be detected, and the amount of virus can also be determined quantitatively.
- the number of target materials 3 entering one receptacle 112 may be 0 or 1 at the maximum.
- the concentration and the ratio of the target material 3 in the first solvent S1 prepared in advance. It is also possible to determine the concentration of the target substance 3 based on a standard curve that defines the relationship (digital quantification).
- the reaction product 6 can be accumulated at a high concentration in the droplet D of the first solvent S1, so that only one particle of virus as the target substance 3 is contained in the receptacle 112.
- the detection of the reaction product 6 can be performed with high sensitivity. Therefore, according to the substance detection method according to the present invention, even a very small amount of the target substance 3 such as a virus can be detected with high sensitivity, and the abundance thereof can be determined with high accuracy.
- the target material 3 can be efficiently accommodated in each receptacle 112. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, since the target molecule 3 can be detected with high sensitivity, even a very low concentration of the target molecule 3 of about 10 aM can be detected.
- Digital ELISA or ELISA- It can be applied to applications such as PCR.
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Abstract
Description
[1] 互いに隔てられて形成された複数のレセプタクル内に収容された微小物質を検出する方法であって、
(1)前記レセプタクルが形成されている下層部と、当該下層部における当該レセプタクルが形成されている面に対向する上層部と、の間の空間に、前記微小物質を含む溶媒を導入する手順と、
(2)上記空間にガスを導入して、前記レセプタクル内に、前記微小物質を包含する、溶媒の液滴を形成する手順と、
(3)前記液滴内に存在する前記微小物質を光学的、電気的及び/又は磁気的に検出する手順と、を含む、方法。
[2] 互いに隔てられて形成された複数のレセプタクル内に収容された微小物質を発色基質の吸光度変化及び/又は蛍光に基づいて光学的に検出する方法であって、
(1)前記レセプタクルが形成されている下層部と、当該下層部における当該レセプタクルが形成されている面に対向する上層部と、の間の空間に、前記微小物質を含む溶媒を導入する手順と、
(2)上記空間にガスを導入して該空間内の前記溶媒をガスで置換するとともに、レセプタクル内に、前記微小物質を包含する、溶媒の液滴を形成する手順と、
(3)前記液滴内に存在する前記発色基質の吸光度変化及び/又は蛍光を検出する手順と、を含む、方法。
[3] 前記液滴の蒸散を抑制する手段を含む、[1]又は[2]の方法。
[4] 前記レセプタクルのアスペクト比が1以上である、[3]の方法。
[5] 前記手順(2)の前段に、前記ガスを水と接触させる手順をさらに含む、[3]の方法。
[6] 前記下層部に、前記溶媒を内部に保持可能であり、その内容積が前記レセプタクルの内容積よりも大きくされたリザーバが形成されている、[3]の方法。
[7] 前記手順(2)及び手順(3)が湿潤環境下で行われる、[3]の方法。
[8] 前記溶媒が高水和性物質を含む、[3]の方法。
該基板の前記下層部と前記上層部との間の空間に溶媒を導入する送液部と、
該空間にガスを導入する送気部と、
前記レセプタクル内に存在する前記微小物質を光学的、電気的及び/又は磁気的に検出する検出器と、を備える、物質検出用デバイス。
[10] 前記液滴の蒸散を抑制する手段を有する、[9]のデバイス。
[11] 前記レセプタクルのアスペクト比が1以上である、[10]のデバイス。
[12] 前記送気部が、前記ガスが水と接触させられるタンクを備える、[10]のデバイス。
[13] 前記基板が、前記溶媒を内部に保持可能であり、その内容積が前記レセプタクルの内容積よりも大きくされたリザーバを前記下層部に備える、[10]のいずれかのデバイス。
[14] 前記基板を湿潤環境下に維持するチャンバ―を備える、[10]のデバイス。
該基板の前記下層部と前記上層部との間の空間に溶媒を導入する送液部と、
該空間にガスを導入する送気部と、
前記レセプタクル内に存在する前記微小物質を光学的、電気的及び/又は磁気的に検出する検出器と、を備える、物質検出用デバイス。
[16] 前記液滴の蒸散を抑制する手段を有する、[15]のデバイス。
[17] 前記レセプタクルのアスペクト比が1以上である、[16]のデバイス。
[18] 前記送気部が、前記ガスが水と接触させられるタンクを備える、[16]のデバイス。
[19] 前記基板が、前記溶媒を内部に保持可能であり、その内容積が前記レセプタクルの内容積よりも大きくされたリザーバを前記下層部に備える、[16]のデバイス。
[20] 前記基板を湿潤環境下に維持するチャンバ―を備える、[16]のデバイス。
(A)レセプタクルが形成されているアレイ下層部と、当該下層部における当該レセプタクルが形成されている面に対向するアレイ上層部と、の間の空間に、微小物質を含む溶媒を導入する手順(物質導入手順)。
(B)前記空間にガスを導入して該空間内の前記溶媒をガスで置換するとともに、レセプタクル内に、前記微小物質を包含する、溶媒の液滴を形成する手順(物質収容手順)。
(C)前記液滴内に存在する前記微小物質を光学的、電気的及び/又は磁気的に検出する手順(検出手順)。
本発明に係る物質検出方法等において、検出対象となる微小物質(microscopic body、以下「ターゲット物質」とも称する)は、レセプタクルに収容可能な大きさの物質であれば特に限定されない。ターゲット物質は、核酸、タンパク質、糖、脂質及びこれらの複合体、並びにウイルス等であってよい。ターゲット物質は、各種の疾患又は感染症のマーカーとなり得る、核酸、タンパク質、糖、脂質及びこれらの複合体であることが好ましい。
本発明に係る物質検出方法に用いられるデバイスのアレイ1(図1(A)参照)は、ターゲット物質を収容する、複数のレセプタクル112が形成された下層部1aと、下層部1aに対向する上層部1bとを含んでなる。下層部1aと上層部1bは、空間1cを挟んで対向する。各レセプタクル112は、側壁113によって互いに隔てられている。各レセプタクル112は、側壁113と側壁113との間で空間1cと接する開口を有している。多数のレセプタクル112がアレイ1の下層部1aの面方向に配置され、それらの開口からターゲット物質がレセプタクル112内に捕捉され得る。
また、アスペクト比は、1~2.5、好ましくは1.5~2.5、より好ましくは2.0~2.5とされ得る。
アスペクト比とは、レセプタクル112の底面の直径(レセプタクル112が円柱形又は直方体である場合には、開口の直径に同一)をdとし、高さをtとした場合に、t/dで定義される比率である。ここで、レセプタクル112の底面が楕円形又は長方形等である場合には、直径dは、該底面の長手方向の直径をいうものとする。また、深さtは、レセプタクル112の最大深さをいうものとする。
はじめに、空間1cに、ターゲット物質3を含む第一溶媒S1を導入する(図1(A)参照)。
一方で、発色基質4は、ターゲット物質3の濃度に比して十分に高い濃度で第一溶媒S1中に含まれることが好ましい。したがって、発色基質4は、ほとんど全てのレセプタクル112に1分子あるいは2分子以上導入される。
次に、空間1bにガスGを導入する(図1(C)参照)。ガスGは、第一溶媒S1と同じか又は異なるインレットから注入され、第一溶媒S1と同じか又は異なるアウトレットから排出されてよい。本発明に係る物質検出用デバイスは、アレイ1、上記送液部に加えて、空間1cにガスGを導入する送気部を含んでいてよい。送気部は、ガスGが供給されるタンクと、該タンクと上記インレットとを接続するチューブ及びポンプ等を含む。
また、アスペクト比は、1~2.5、好ましくは1.5~2.5、より好ましくは2.0~2.5とされ得る。
アスペクト比がこの範囲よりも小さいと、レセプタクル112内の第一溶媒S1までもがガスGによって置換されたり、形成された液滴Dが蒸散により失われてしまったりして、液滴Dの形成効率が低下する場合がある。なお、レセプタクル112の空間1cへの開口径に比して深さを大きくすることでレセプタクル112内に第一溶媒S1を保持されやすくできる。
乾燥空気は溶媒の蒸発を促し、飽和空気は動作が不安定になる可能性がある。そのため本発明において、所定の操作がほぼ常温付近で行われるとして、気体に含まれる水分を相対湿度で定義した場合、およそ50~80%程度にすることが好ましい。
本発明に係る物質検出用デバイスは、送気部に、ガスGが水と接触させられるタンクを備えることが好ましい。
さらに、レセプタクル112内に保持された第一溶媒S1の蒸発及び形成された液滴Dの蒸散を抑制するためには、本手順及び次の検出手順を、湿潤環境下で行うことも有効となり得る。このために、本発明に係る物質検出用デバイスは、基板1を内部に保持して湿潤環境下に維持するためのチャンバ―を備えることが好ましい。
高水和性物質は、後述する検出手順における、ターゲット物質3の光学的、電気的及び/又は磁気的検出に影響を及ぼさない限り特に限定はされないが、例えば、アガロース及びアクリルアミド等のゲル;ポリエチレングリコール及びセルロース等の親水性高分子;並びにグリシン、ベタイン、ソルビトール、スクロース、マンニトール、トレハロース及び尿素等のオスモライトなどが好適に用いれ得る。これらの高水和性物質の第一溶媒S1への添加濃度は、例えば0.1~5%程度、好ましくは0.5~2%程度である。
本手順では、液滴D内に存在するターゲット物質3を光学的、電気的及び/又は磁気的に検出する(図1(D)参照)。ここで説明する具体例では、液滴D内に生成した反応生成物6(4-メチルウンベリフェロン)が発する蛍光を検出することにより、ターゲット物質3としてのインフルエンザウイルスを検出する。
物質収容手順においては、第一溶媒S1の液滴D中に反応生成物6を高濃度に蓄積させることができるため、ターゲット物質3としてのウイルスが1粒子のみレセプタクル112に入っている場合であっても、反応生成物6の検出を高感度に行うことができる。従って、本発明に係る物質検出方法によれば、ウイルス等のごく微量のターゲット物質3であっても高感度に検出でき、その存在量を高精度に決定することが可能となる。
Claims (20)
- 互いに隔てられて形成された複数のレセプタクル内に収容された微小物質を検出する方法であって、
(1)前記レセプタクルが形成されている下層部と、当該下層部における当該レセプタクルが形成されている面に対向する上層部と、の間の空間に、前記微小物質を含む溶媒を導入する手順と、
(2)上記空間にガスを導入して、前記レセプタクル内に、前記微小物質を包含する、溶媒の液滴を形成する手順と、
(3)前記液滴内に存在する前記微小物質を光学的、電気的及び/又は磁気的に検出する手順と、を含む、方法。 - 互いに隔てられて形成された複数のレセプタクル内に収容された微小物質を発色基質の吸光度変化及び/又は蛍光に基づいて光学的に検出する方法であって、
(1)前記レセプタクルが形成されている下層部と、当該下層部における当該レセプタクルが形成されている面に対向する上層部と、の間の空間に、前記微小物質を含む溶媒を導入する手順と、
(2)上記空間にガスを導入して該空間内の前記溶媒をガスで置換するとともに、レセプタクル内に、前記微小物質を包含する、溶媒の液滴を形成する手順と、
(3)前記液滴内に存在する前記発色基質の吸光度変化及び/又は蛍光を検出する手順と、を含む、方法。 - 前記液滴の蒸散を抑制する手段を含む、請求項1又は2記載の方法。
- 前記レセプタクルのアスペクト比が1以上である、請求項3記載の方法。
- 前記手順(2)の前段に、前記ガスを水と接触させる手順をさらに含む、請求項3記載の方法。
- 前記下層部に、前記溶媒を内部に保持可能であり、その内容積が前記レセプタクルの内容積よりも大きくされたリザーバが形成されている、請求項3記載の方法。
- 前記手順(2)及び手順(3)が湿潤環境下で行われる、請求項3記載の方法。
- 前記溶媒が高水和性物質を含む、請求項3記載の方法。
- 微小物質を収容可能なレセプタクルが、互いに隔てられて複数形成されている下層部と、当該下層部における当該レセプタクルが形成されている面に対向する上層部と、を備える基板と、
該基板の前記下層部と前記上層部との間の空間に溶媒を導入する送液部と、
該空間にガスを導入する送気部と、
前記レセプタクル内に存在する前記微小物質を光学的、電気的及び/又は磁気的に検出する検出器と、を備える、物質検出用デバイス。 - 前記液滴の蒸散を抑制する手段を有する、請求項9記載のデバイス。
- 前記レセプタクルのアスペクト比が1以上である、請求項10記載のデバイス。
- 前記送気部が、前記ガスが水と接触させられるタンクを備える、請求項10記載のデバイス。
- 前記基板が、前記溶媒を内部に保持可能であり、その内容積が前記レセプタクルの内容積よりも大きくされたリザーバを前記下層部に備える、請求項10記載のデバイス。
- 前記基板を湿潤環境下に維持するチャンバ―を備える、請求項10記載のデバイス。
- 微小物質を収容可能なレセプタクルが、互いに隔てられて複数形成されている下層部と、当該下層部における当該レセプタクルが形成されている面に対向する上層部と、を備える基板を搭載可能であり、
該基板の前記下層部と前記上層部との間の空間に溶媒を導入する送液部と、
該空間にガスを導入する送気部と、
前記レセプタクル内に存在する前記微小物質を光学的、電気的及び/又は磁気的に検出する検出器と、を備える、物質検出用デバイス。 - 前記液滴の蒸散を抑制する手段を有する、請求項15記載のデバイス。
- 前記レセプタクルのアスペクト比が1以上である、請求項16記載のデバイス。
- 前記送気部が、前記ガスが水と接触させられるタンクを備える、請求項16記載のデバイス。
- 前記基板が、前記溶媒を内部に保持可能であり、その内容積が前記レセプタクルの内容積よりも大きくされたリザーバを前記下層部に備える、請求項16記載のデバイス。
- 前記基板を湿潤環境下に維持するチャンバ―を備える、請求項16記載のデバイス。
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