WO2018173840A1 - 感光性樹脂組成物、感光性樹脂組成物フィルム、絶縁膜および電子部品 - Google Patents
感光性樹脂組成物、感光性樹脂組成物フィルム、絶縁膜および電子部品 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F283/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
- C08F283/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polycarbonamides, polyesteramides or polyimides
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
- G03F7/0387—Polyamides or polyimides
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/032—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders
- G03F7/037—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders the binders being polyamides or polyimides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/44—Polymerisation in the presence of compounding ingredients, e.g. plasticisers, dyestuffs, fillers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
- C08F2/48—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light
- C08F2/50—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light with sensitising agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1057—Polyimides containing other atoms than carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen or oxygen in the main chain
- C08G73/106—Polyimides containing other atoms than carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen or oxygen in the main chain containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/028—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with photosensitivity-increasing substances, e.g. photoinitiators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/028—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with photosensitivity-increasing substances, e.g. photoinitiators
- G03F7/031—Organic compounds not covered by group G03F7/029
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/075—Silicon-containing compounds
- G03F7/0757—Macromolecular compounds containing Si-O, Si-C or Si-N bonds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/40—Treatment after imagewise removal, e.g. baking
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photosensitive resin composition, a photosensitive resin composition film, an insulating film, and an electronic component.
- Polyimide is excellent in electrical properties, mechanical properties, and heat resistance, and is therefore useful for applications such as surface protection films for semiconductor elements, interlayer insulation films, and wiring protection insulation films for circuit boards. Further, in recent years, since the number of steps can be reduced, a photosensitive polyimide resin composition imparted with photosensitivity has been used for these applications.
- a photosensitive resin composition containing a polyimide having a carbon-carbon unsaturated double bond or a polyimide precursor and a compound that generates radicals by actinic radiation is proposed as a photosensitive polyimide resin composition.
- a photosensitive polyimide resin composition containing a polyimide having a carbon-carbon unsaturated double bond or a polyimide precursor and a compound that generates radicals by actinic radiation.
- a photosensitive polyimide resin composition for example, refer to Patent Document 1.
- heat treatment at a high temperature exceeding 300 ° C. is required, so that the copper circuit is likely to be oxidized. Therefore, there are problems in the electrical properties and reliability of electronic components. It was.
- a photosensitive resin composition using a closed ring polyimide a polyimide having at least one group selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group and a thiol group at the main chain end, an unsaturated bond
- a photosensitive resin composition containing a polymerizable compound, imidazolesilane, and a photopolymerization initiator has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 2). With this technique, it is possible to photo-pattern the polyimide resin composition without requiring heat treatment at high temperature.
- the photosensitive resin composition described in Patent Document 2 is processed with a thick film, so that the light absorption of the closed ring polyimide is large, so that the deep part of the thick film of the photosensitive resin composition is sufficient in the photopatterning exposure process. It is difficult to be photocured.
- the pattern formed in the photosensitive resin composition is likely to be a reverse tapered shape (for example, a shape that narrows from the top to the bottom) or a constricted shape, and it is difficult to obtain a rectangular pattern. There was a problem of being.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and a photosensitive resin composition capable of processing a pattern shape into a rectangle even in thick film processing without requiring heat treatment at high temperature,
- An object is to provide a photosensitive resin composition film, an insulating film, and an electronic component using the same.
- a photosensitive resin composition according to the present invention includes an alkali-soluble polyimide (a), an unsaturated bond-containing compound (b), a thermally crosslinkable compound (c), and the following: It contains the photoinitiator (d) which has a structure represented by General formula (1), It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
- R 1 to R 3 are each independently a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, —NR 13 R 14 , or a monovalent hydrocarbon having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 13 and R 14 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, provided that the carbon At least a part of hydrogen atoms of the hydrogen group, the acyl group, and the alkoxy group may be substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, or —NR 13 R 14 .
- the hydrocarbon group in the hydrogen group and the alkoxy group is an ether bond, a thioether bond, an ester bond, a thioester bond, an amide bond or Urethane bond
- R 15 be interrupted by the, .a represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is an integer of 0 ⁇ 5, b represents an integer of 0 ⁇ 4 .
- A is, CO or (Represents a direct bond.)
- the photosensitive resin composition according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the photopolymerization initiator (d) has a structure represented by the following general formula (1-1).
- R 1 to R 3 each independently represents a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, —NR 13 R 14 , a monovalent group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the hydrocarbon group in the hydrocarbon group and the alkoxy group may be an ether bond, a thioether bond, an ester bond, a thioester bond, or an amide bond.
- Good .R 15 be interrupted by urethane bond is, .a represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is an integer of from 0 to 5, b is an integer of 0-4.
- the photosensitive resin composition according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the photopolymerization initiator (d) has a structure represented by the following general formula (1-2).
- R 1-1 represents a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, —NR 13 R 14 , a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or Represents an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, wherein R 13 and R 14 in R 1-1 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, provided that the hydrocarbon in R 1-1 And at least a part of the hydrogen atoms of the alkoxy group may be substituted by a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, or —NR 13 R 14.
- the carbonization in R 1-1 The hydrocarbon group in the hydrogen group and the alkoxy group is an ether bond, thioether bond, ester bond, thioester bond, amide bond or urea bond.
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represents a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, —NR 13 R 14 , a monovalent monovalent group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 2 and R 3 is a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group or — coal of the hydrocarbon group in, and the alkoxy group in NR 13 R 14 good .
- R 2 and R 3 may be substituted by Hydrogen group, an ether bond, a thioether bond, an ester bond, a thioester bond, an amide bond or a urethane bond may .
- R 15 be interrupted by the .a represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is from 0 to 5 Represents an integer, and b represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- the photosensitive resin composition according to the present invention has Abs (1) when the absorbance before exposure at a wavelength of 405 nm is Abs (0) and the absorbance after exposure at a wavelength of 405 nm is Abs (1). 1) / Abs (0) ⁇ 1.25 is satisfied.
- the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) has at least one of a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, and a thiol group at the main chain end. It is characterized by having.
- the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) has at least one of a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, and a thiol group in the side chain. It is characterized by having.
- the photosensitive resin composition according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) has a phenolic hydroxyl group in a side chain.
- the photosensitive resin composition according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) is a polyimide having a siloxane diamine residue.
- the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) contains 1 mol% or more and 10 mol% or less of the siloxane diamine residues in the total diamine residues. It is a polyimide.
- the photosensitive resin composition according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) has an imidization ratio of 70% or more.
- the photosensitive resin composition film according to the present invention is characterized by comprising the photosensitive resin composition according to any one of the above inventions.
- the insulating film according to the present invention is characterized by comprising a cured product of the photosensitive resin composition according to any one of the above inventions.
- an electronic component according to the present invention includes the insulating film described in the above invention.
- the electronic component according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the above-described invention, the electronic component includes a hollow structure having a roof portion made of the insulating film.
- the pattern shape can be processed into a rectangle even in the case of thick film processing without requiring heat treatment at a high temperature.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention contains an alkali-soluble polyimide (a), an unsaturated bond-containing compound (b), a thermally crosslinkable compound (c), and a photopolymerization initiator (d).
- the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) is a closed ring polyimide that is soluble in alkali.
- the unsaturated bond-containing compound (b) is a compound containing an unsaturated bond.
- the thermally crosslinkable compound (c) is a compound having thermal crosslinkability.
- the photopolymerization initiator (d) is a photopolymerization initiator having a structure represented by the following general formula (1).
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention contains a ring-closed alkali-soluble polyimide (a). There is no need to convert. Therefore, the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention does not require heat treatment at a high temperature, and can further reduce stress due to curing shrinkage due to imide ring closure reaction.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention contains an alkali-soluble polyimide (a), an unsaturated bond-containing compound (b), and a photopolymerization initiator (d), so that it can be easily converted into an alkaline developer before exposure. However, it becomes a resin composition capable of forming a negative pattern that is insoluble in an alkali developer after exposure.
- the photopolymerization initiator (d) has a structure represented by the following general formula (1), the N—O bond is cleaved by exposure. Thereby, an iminyl radical and an acetyloxy radical are generated. Subsequently, these iminyl and acetyloxy radicals are further cleaved by thermal decomposition.
- This cleavage breaks the conjugated system of the photopolymerization initiator (d), and light fading reduces the light absorption of the photopolymerization initiator (d).
- the photopolymerization initiator (d) having the structure represented by the following general formula (1) as the photopolymerization initiator in the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention, It can be sufficiently photocured to the deep part. Therefore, even if the photosensitive resin composition containing the closed ring alkali-soluble polyimide (a) having a large light absorption is processed into a thick film, the pattern shape of the thick film of the photosensitive resin composition is rectangular. Can be processed.
- a highly reactive alkyl radical having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is generated by cleavage of the acetyloxy radical, so that it has excellent surface curability and a high residual film ratio. It is possible to obtain a thick film pattern.
- R 1 to R 3 each independently represent a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, —NR 13 R 14 , or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 13 and R 14 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the hydrogen atoms of the above-described hydrocarbon group, acyl group and alkoxy group may be substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group or —NR 13 R 14 .
- the hydrocarbon group in the above-described hydrocarbon group and alkoxy group may be interrupted by an ether bond, a thioether bond, an ester bond, a thioester bond, an amide bond or a urethane bond.
- R 15 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- a represents an integer of 0 to 5
- b represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- A represents CO or a direct bond.
- the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) refers to a polyimide having a solubility in a 2.38 mass% tetramethylammonium aqueous solution of 0.1 g / 100 g or more at a temperature of 23 ° C.
- a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms means a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) preferably has at least one of a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, and a thiol group at the end of the main chain. This is because this configuration can improve the alkali solubility of the alkali-soluble polyimide (a).
- the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) preferably has a phenolic hydroxyl group or a thiol group at the end of the main chain.
- the introduction of a carboxyl group, phenolic hydroxyl group, sulfonic acid group or thiol group at the end of the main chain can be carried out by using an end-capping agent having these groups.
- an end-capping agent having these groups By sealing the end of the main chain, the number of repeating units of the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) is appropriately reduced. For this reason, the workability of the fine pattern of the photosensitive resin composition containing alkali-soluble polyimide (a) can be improved.
- alkali-soluble polyimide (a) having at least one of a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, and a thiol group at the main chain end include the following general formula (2) or the following general formula (3). Those having the structure represented are preferred.
- X represents a monovalent organic group having at least one of a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, and a thiol group.
- Y represents a divalent organic group having at least one of a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, and a thiol group.
- X and Y preferably have a phenolic hydroxyl group or a thiol group, and particularly preferably have a phenolic hydroxyl group.
- R 4 represents a 4 to 14 valent organic group
- R 5 represents a 2 to 12 valent organic group
- R 6 and R 7 each independently represent a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, or a thiol group.
- R 6 and R 7 are preferably a phenolic hydroxyl group or a thiol group, and particularly preferably a phenolic hydroxyl group.
- ⁇ and ⁇ each independently represent an integer in the range of 0 to 10. In such ⁇ and ⁇ , ⁇ + ⁇ is preferably 1 or more.
- n represents the number of repeating structural units of the polymer. The range of n is 3 to 200. If n is 3 or more, the thick film workability of the photosensitive resin composition can be further improved. From the viewpoint of improving the thick film processability, n is preferably 5 or more. On the other hand, if n is 200 or less, the solubility of the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) in the alkali developer can be improved. From the viewpoint of improving the solubility, n is preferably 100 or less. In each polymer chain, n is an integer, but n obtained by analysis from the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) may not be an integer.
- R 4 is a tetravalent to tetravalent organic group having a structure derived from tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
- Such R 4 is preferably an organic group having 5 to 40 carbon atoms containing an aromatic group or a cycloaliphatic group.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydrides include aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides and aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides.
- aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride include pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,3 ′, 4′-biphenyltetra Carboxylic dianhydride, 2,2 ′, 3,3′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2 ′, 3,3 '-Benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) propane dianhydride, 2,2-bis (2,3-dicarboxyphenyl) propane dianhydride, 1, 1-bis (3,4-dicarboxy
- examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride include acid dianhydrides having the structure shown below.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride two types of the above-described aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride, aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and acid dianhydride having the structure shown below are used. The above may be used.
- R 8 represents an oxygen atom, C (CF 3 ) 2 , C (CH 3 ) 2 or SO 2 .
- R 9 and R 10 each independently represent a hydroxyl group or a thiol group.
- R 5 is a divalent to 12-valent organic group having a structure derived from diamine.
- Such R 5 is preferably an organic group having 5 to 40 carbon atoms containing an aromatic group or a cycloaliphatic group.
- diamine examples include a hydroxyl group-containing diamine, a thiol group-containing diamine, an aromatic diamine, a compound in which at least a part of hydrogen atoms of these aromatic rings is substituted with an alkyl group or a halogen atom, and an aliphatic diamine. It is done.
- Examples of hydroxyl group-containing diamines include bis- (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane, bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone, and bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane.
- Bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) methylene, bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) ether, bis (3-amino-4-hydroxy) biphenyl, bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) Examples include fluorene.
- Examples of the thiol group-containing diamine include dimercaptophenylenediamine.
- aromatic diamine examples include 3,3′-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,3′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4, 4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 3,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 3,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfide, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfide 1,4-bis (4-aminophenoxy) benzene, 1,3-bis (4-aminophenoxy) benzene, 1,3-bis (3-aminophenoxy) benzene, benzidine, m-phenyl
- examples of the diamine include diamines having the structure shown below.
- the diamine the hydroxyl group-containing diamine, the thiol group-containing diamine, the aromatic diamine, a compound in which at least a part of hydrogen atoms of these aromatic rings is substituted with an alkyl group or a halogen atom, aliphatic Two or more of diamines and diamines having the structure shown below may be used.
- R 8 represents an oxygen atom, C (CF 3 ) 2 , C (CH 3 ) 2 or SO 2 .
- R 9 to R 12 each independently represents a hydroxyl group or a thiol group.
- R 6 and R 7 each independently represent a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, or a thiol group.
- an aliphatic compound having a siloxane structure is copolymerized with R 5 within a range that does not lower the heat resistance. Also good.
- the transparency of the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) is improved, the adhesion between the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) and the substrate is improved, the alkali-soluble polyimide (a ) Can be easily laminated when used in a photosensitive resin composition film.
- Examples of the aliphatic compound having a siloxane structure include 1,3-bis (3-aminopropyl) tetramethyldisiloxane and 1,3-bis (p-amino-phenyl) octamethylpentasiloxane in the case of diamine. Can be mentioned. These are preferably copolymerized in an amount of 1 to 10 mol% in the total diamine of the alkali-soluble polyimide (a).
- X is derived from a primary monoamine that is a terminal blocking agent.
- the primary monoamine which is the terminal blocking agent include 5-amino-8-hydroxyquinoline, 1-hydroxy-7-aminonaphthalene, 1-hydroxy-6-aminonaphthalene and 1-hydroxy-5-aminonaphthalene.
- Y is derived from a dicarboxylic acid anhydride that is a terminal blocking agent.
- the dicarboxylic acid anhydride which is this terminal blocking agent for example, 4-carboxyphthalic acid anhydride, 3-hydroxyphthalic acid anhydride, cis-aconitic acid anhydride and the like are preferable.
- a terminal sealing material two or more of these dicarboxylic anhydrides may be used.
- the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) in the present invention may contain an alkali-soluble polyimide other than the one having a structure represented by the general formula (2) or the general formula (3).
- the alkali-soluble polyimide having the structure represented by the general formula (2) or the general formula (3) is preferably contained in an amount of 30% by mass or more based on the total mass of the alkali-soluble polyimide (a), and 60% by mass. It is more preferable to contain at least%.
- 30% by mass or more of the alkali-soluble polyimide represented by the general formula (2) or (3) shrinkage at the time of thermosetting of the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) can be suppressed, and the photosensitive resin composition It is more suitable for thick film processing.
- alkali-soluble polyimide having a structure other than the structure represented by the general formula (2) or the general formula (3) and the content in the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) are the alkali-soluble polyimide (a It is preferable to select it within a range that does not impair the heat resistance and solubility in an alkali developer.
- the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) is obtained by replacing a part of the diamine with a monoamine that is a terminal blocking agent, or by replacing the tetracarboxylic dianhydride with a dicarboxylic acid anhydride that is a terminal blocking agent. It can be synthesized using the method. For example, a first method of reacting a tetracarboxylic dianhydride, a diamine compound and a monoamine at a low temperature, and a second method of reacting a tetracarboxylic dianhydride, a dicarboxylic anhydride and a diamine compound at a low temperature.
- the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) can be synthesized by, for example, a third method in which the obtained polyimide precursor is completely imidized using an arbitrary imidization reaction method.
- the imidization ratio of the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) is preferably 70% or more from the viewpoint of further improving the electrical characteristics, mechanical characteristics, heat resistance, moisture resistance and residual film ratio of the polyimide. More preferably, it is 80% or more, More preferably, it is 90% or more.
- Examples of the method for setting the imidization rate of the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) in the above range include a method in which the imidation reaction is performed at a reaction temperature of 160 ° C. or higher and a reaction time of 2 hours or longer in a dry nitrogen stream. .
- the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) in the present invention may have at least one of a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, and a thiol group in the side chain. Especially, it is preferable that alkali-soluble polyimide (a) has a phenolic hydroxyl group in a side chain.
- the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) in the present invention may be a polyimide having a siloxane diamine residue.
- the siloxane diamine residue is preferably contained in the total diamine residue of the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) in an amount of 1 mol% to 10 mol%.
- the terminal blocking agent introduced into the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) can be detected by the following method.
- the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) into which the end-capping agent is introduced is dissolved in an acidic solution and decomposed into an amine component and a carboxylic anhydride component that are constituent units of the polyimide.
- the terminal blocker of alkali-soluble polyimide (a) can be detected by analyzing these amine components and carboxylic anhydride components by gas chromatography (GC) or NMR.
- the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) in which the end-capping agent has been introduced can be directly analyzed by using pyrolysis gas chromatography (PGC), infrared spectrum and 13 C NMR spectrum.
- PPC pyrolysis gas chromatography
- the end-capping agent can be detected.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention contains an unsaturated bond-containing compound (b).
- the unsaturated bond-containing group in the unsaturated bond-containing compound (b) include unsaturated double bond-containing groups such as vinyl groups, allyl groups, acryloyl groups, and methacryloyl groups, and unsaturated triple bond-containing groups such as propargyl groups. Etc.
- the unsaturated bond-containing compound (b) may contain two or more of these unsaturated bond-containing groups. Among these, a conjugated vinyl group, an acryloyl group, and a methacryloyl group are preferable in terms of polymerizability. Further, from the viewpoint of suppressing pattern cracks caused by excessive crosslinking points due to polymerization reaction, the number of unsaturated bonds of the unsaturated bond-containing compound (b) is preferably 1 to 6.
- Examples of the unsaturated bond-containing compound (b) include diethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and trimethylolpropane diacrylate.
- the unsaturated bond-containing compound (b) includes 1,9-nonanediol dimethacrylate, 1,10-decanediol dimethacrylate, dimethylol-tricyclodecane diacrylate, isobornyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate.
- dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate dipentaerythritol hexamethacrylate, ethylene oxide modified bisphenol A diacrylate, ethylene oxide modified bisphenol A dimethacrylate, propylene oxide modified bisphenol A diacrylate, and propylene oxide modified bisphenol A methacrylate are more preferable.
- the content of the unsaturated bond-containing compound (b) in the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is 40 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) from the viewpoint of improving the remaining film ratio after development.
- the amount is preferably at least part by mass, and more preferably at least 50 parts by mass.
- the content of the unsaturated bond-containing compound (b) is preferably 150 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) from the viewpoint of improving the heat resistance of the cured film. 100 parts by mass or less is more preferable.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention contains a thermally crosslinkable compound (c).
- a thermally crosslinkable compound (c) for example, a compound containing at least one of an alkoxymethyl group, a methylol group and an epoxy group is preferable, and a compound having at least two of an alkoxymethyl group, a methylol group and an epoxy group Is more preferable.
- the thermally crosslinkable compound (c) can react between the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) and the thermally crosslinkable compound (c), or between the thermally crosslinkable compounds (c).
- a cross-linked structure is formed by the reaction. For this reason, the mechanical characteristics and chemical resistance of the cured film after heat-treating the thermally crosslinkable compound (c) can be improved.
- thermally crosslinkable compounds (c) compounds having an alkoxymethyl group or a methylol group include, for example, 46DMOC, 46DMOEP (above, trade name, manufactured by Asahi Organic Materials Co., Ltd.), DML-PC, DML-PEP, DML.
- thermally crosslinkable compound (c) examples include bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, and polymethyl (glycidyloxypropyl). ) And epoxy group-containing silicone.
- Epicron (registered trademark) 850-S, “Epicron” HP-4032, “Epicron” HP-7200, “Epicron” HP-820, “Epicron” HP-4700, “Epicron” EXA-4710 , “Epicron” HP-4770, “Epicron” EXA-859CRP, “Epicron” EXA-1514, “Epicron” EXA-4880, “Epicron” EXA-4850-150, “Epicron” EXA-4850-1000, “Epicron” EXA-4816, “Epicron” EXA-4822 (trade name, manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc.), “Lika Resin” (registered trademark) BEO-60E, “Lika Resin” BPO-20E, “Lika Resin” HBE-100, “Lika Resin” DME-100 (above, trade name, new Manu
- the content of the heat crosslinkable compound (c) in the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) from the viewpoint of improving the heat resistance of the cured film. Preferably, it is preferably 5 parts by mass or more.
- the content of the thermally crosslinkable compound (c) is preferably 70 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) from the viewpoint of improving the remaining film ratio after development. More preferably, it is 50 parts by mass or less.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention contains a photopolymerization initiator (d) having a structure represented by the following general formula (1).
- R 1 to R 3 each independently represent a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, —NR 13 R 14 , or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 13 and R 14 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the hydrogen atoms of the above-described hydrocarbon group, acyl group and alkoxy group may be substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group or —NR 13 R 14 .
- the hydrocarbon group in the above-mentioned hydrocarbon group, acyl group and alkoxy group may be interrupted by an ether bond, a thioether bond, an ester bond, a thioester bond, an amide bond or a urethane bond.
- R 15 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 3 is preferably a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R 1 is preferably an acyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably an acyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the acyl group preferably has at least one of an aromatic ring and an ether bond.
- the alkoxy group is preferably one in which a part of hydrogen atoms is substituted with a hydroxyl group.
- a represents an integer of 0 to 5
- b represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- a is preferably “1”
- b is preferably “0”.
- the photopolymerization initiator (d) having the structure represented by the general formula (1) is represented by the following general formula (1-1) or the following general formula (1-2). It preferably has a structure.
- R 1 to R 3 , R 15 , a and b are the same as those in the general formula (1).
- R 2 , R 3 , R 15 , a and b are the same as those in the general formula (1).
- R 1-1 is independently a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, —NR 13 R 14 , a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Represents a group.
- R 13 and R 14 in R 1-1 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the hydrogen atom of the hydrocarbon group and the alkoxy group in R 1-1 is substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, or —NR 13 R 14 . Also good.
- the hydrocarbon group in R 1-1 and the alkoxy group in R 1-1 may be interrupted by an ether bond, a thioether bond, an ester bond, a thioester bond, an amide bond or a urethane bond.
- photopolymerization initiator (d) having the structure represented by the general formula (1) for example, several compounds described in NCI-930 (trade name, manufactured by ADEKA), International Publication No. 2015/036910 Etc.
- the content of the photopolymerization initiator (d) in the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is alkali-soluble polyimide (a) from the viewpoint of effectively promoting the photocuring reaction of the unsaturated bond-containing compound (b) during exposure. ) Is preferably 1 part by mass or more, more preferably 3 parts by mass or more, still more preferably 4 parts by mass or more, and most preferably 7 parts by mass or more. preferable.
- the content of the photopolymerization initiator (d) improves the transmittance of the photosensitive resin composition, and makes it easier to form a rectangular pattern in the thick film, and suppresses an excessive polymerization reaction.
- the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) is preferably 30 parts by mass or less, more preferably 20 parts by mass or less, further preferably 15 parts by mass or less, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the alkali-soluble polyimide (a). Most preferably, it is at most part by mass.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention includes a crosslinking agent other than the thermally crosslinkable compound (c), a photopolymerization initiator other than the photopolymerization initiator (d), a polymerization inhibitor, a colorant, and a surface activity.
- a crosslinking agent other than the thermally crosslinkable compound (c) a photopolymerization initiator other than the photopolymerization initiator (d), a polymerization inhibitor, a colorant, and a surface activity.
- An additive such as an agent, a silane coupling agent, a titanium chelating agent, a crosslinking accelerator, a sensitizer, a dissolution regulator, a stabilizer, an antifoaming agent, and a filler, and an organic solvent may be further contained.
- photopolymerization initiators other than the photopolymerization initiator (d) for example, oximes, benzophenones, benzylidenes, coumarins, anthraquinones, benzoins, thioxanthones, mercapts, glycines oximes, benzyldimethyl ketal , ⁇ -hydroxyalkylphenones, ⁇ -aminoalkylphenones, acylphosphine oxides, 2,2′-bis (o-chlorophenyl) -4,4 ′, 5,5′-tetraphenylbiimidazole, etc. Can be mentioned.
- the photosensitive resin composition of this invention may contain 2 or more types of these as photoinitiators other than a photoinitiator (d).
- oximes and acylphosphine oxides are preferable.
- Examples of oximes include 1-phenyl-1,2-butanedione-2- (o-methoxycarbonyl) oxime, 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione-2- (o-methoxycarbonyl) oxime, Phenyl-1,2-propanedione-2- (o-ethoxycarbonyl) oxime, 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione-2- (o-benzoyl) oxime, bis ( ⁇ -isonitrosopropiophenone oxime) Isophthal, 1,2-octanedione, 1- [4- (phenylthio) phenyl-, 2- (O-benzoyloxime), ethanone, 1- [9-ethyl-6- (2-methylbenzoyl) -9H-carbazole -3-yl]-, 1- (O-acetyloxime) and the like.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention further contains a polymerization inhibitor, the exciton concentration is adjusted, so that excessive photoresponsiveness can be suppressed and the exposure margin can be widened.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention has a colorant, and thus, when used in an insulating layer of an organic electroluminescent element, has an effect of suppressing stray light from a light emitting area, and is a solder for a circuit board. When used as a resist, it has the effect of hiding the circuit wiring on the circuit board.
- the colorant include dyes and pigments.
- the dye include thermochromic dyes.
- the pigment include inorganic pigments and organic pigments. As such a colorant, those that are soluble in an organic solvent that dissolves the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) and are compatible with the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) are preferable.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention can improve adhesion to a substrate by containing a surfactant, a silane coupling agent, a titanium chelating agent, and the like.
- a surfactant e.g., a silane coupling agent, a titanium chelating agent, and the like.
- an organic solvent in this invention what melt
- organic solvents include ethers, acetates, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone and the like can be mentioned.
- the photosensitive resin composition of this invention may contain 2 or more types of these as an organic solvent.
- ethers include ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ale, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, and ethylene glycol dibutyl ether.
- acetates include ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, 3-methoxybutyl acetate, 3-methyl-3-methoxybutyl acetate, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate And butyl lactate.
- ketones include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetyl acetone, methyl propyl ketone, methyl butyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclopentanone, 2-heptanone, and the like.
- aromatic hydrocarbons include butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, pentanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, 3-methyl-2-butanol, 3-methyl-3-methoxybutanol, and diacetone alcohol. Examples include alcohols, toluene, xylene and the like.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention includes, for example, an alkali-soluble polyimide (a), an unsaturated bond-containing compound (b), a thermally crosslinkable compound (c), a photopolymerization initiator (d), and other components as necessary. It can be obtained by mixing and dissolving the additive.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention can be dissolved in an organic solvent as necessary to obtain a solution having a solid content concentration of about 20 to 70% by mass.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention may be filtered using a filter paper or a filter.
- the method for filtering the photosensitive resin composition is not particularly limited, but a method of filtering by pressure filtration using a filter having a retention particle size of 0.4 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m is preferable.
- the form of the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be selected according to the use, such as a film shape, a rod shape, a spherical shape, and a pellet shape.
- the “film” here includes a film, a sheet, a plate and the like.
- a film-like form is preferable as the form of the photosensitive resin composition. That is, a photosensitive resin composition film in which the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is formed into a film is preferable.
- the photosensitive resin composition film of the present invention can be obtained, for example, by applying the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention on a support and then drying it as necessary.
- the support examples include a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, a polyphenylene sulfide film, and a polyimide film.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the bonding surface between the support and the photosensitive resin composition film may be subjected to a surface treatment with silicone, a silane coupling agent, an aluminum chelating agent, polyurea or the like in order to improve the adhesion and peelability. Good.
- the thickness of the support is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 100 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of workability.
- the photosensitive resin composition film of the present invention may have a protective film for protecting the photosensitive resin composition film.
- the surface of the photosensitive resin composition film can be protected from contaminants such as dust and dust in the atmosphere.
- Examples of the protective film in the present invention include a polyethylene film, a polypropylene (PP) film, a polyester film, and a polyvinyl alcohol film.
- This protective film preferably has a peel strength that does not easily peel the photosensitive resin composition film and the protective film.
- Examples of the method for applying the photosensitive resin composition to the support to produce the photosensitive resin composition film of the present invention include spin coating using a spinner, spray coating, roll coating, screen printing, blade coater, and die coating.
- Examples include a coater, a calendar coater, a meniscus coater, a bar coater, a roll coater, a comma roll coater, a gravure coater, a screen coater, and a slit die coater.
- the coating thickness of the photosensitive resin composition varies depending on the coating method, the solid content concentration of the photosensitive resin composition to be applied, the viscosity, etc., but the thickness after drying of the photosensitive resin composition is 0.5 ⁇ m or more. It is preferable to adjust so that it may become 100 micrometers or less.
- Examples of a drying apparatus for drying the applied photosensitive resin composition include an oven, a hot plate, and infrared rays.
- the drying temperature and drying time may be in a range where the organic solvent can be volatilized, and it is preferable to appropriately set a range in which the photosensitive resin composition film is in an uncured or semi-cured state.
- the drying temperature is preferably in the range of 40 ° C. to 120 ° C.
- the drying time is preferably in the range of 1 minute to several tens of minutes.
- the drying temperature may be raised stepwise by combining temperatures within this range.
- the photosensitive resin composition may be heated at 50 ° C., 60 ° C., and 70 ° C. for 1 minute each.
- a cured product of the photosensitive resin composition By curing the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention by heating, a cured product of the photosensitive resin composition can be obtained.
- the heat curing temperature is preferably in the range of 120 ° C to 400 ° C.
- cured material of the photosensitive resin composition is not specifically limited, A film form, rod shape, spherical shape, pellet shape, etc. can be selected according to a use.
- the cured product is preferably in the form of a film.
- this curing can be performed according to the application such as formation of a protective film on the wall surface, formation of via holes for conduction, adjustment of impedance, capacitance or internal stress, and provision of a heat dissipation function.
- the shape of the object can also be selected.
- the thickness of the cured product (film made of the cured product) is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 150 ⁇ m or less.
- the insulating film of the present invention is made of a cured product of the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention.
- thermocompression bonding for example, a hot press process, a thermal laminating process, a thermal vacuum laminating process and the like can be mentioned.
- the thermocompression bonding temperature is preferably 40 ° C. or higher from the viewpoint of improving the adhesion and embedding property of the photosensitive resin composition film to the substrate.
- the thermocompression bonding temperature is preferably 150 ° C. or lower.
- Examples of the substrate include a silicon wafer, ceramics, gallium arsenide, an organic circuit substrate, an inorganic circuit substrate, and a substrate in which circuit constituent materials are arranged.
- Examples of organic circuit boards include glass-based copper-clad laminates such as glass cloth / epoxy copper-clad laminates, composite copper-clad laminates such as glass nonwoven fabrics / epoxy copper-clad laminates, polyetherimide resin substrates, Examples include heat-resistant / thermoplastic substrates such as ether ketone resin substrates and polysulfone resin substrates, polyester copper-clad film substrates, and polyimide copper-clad film substrates.
- inorganic circuit boards include ceramic substrates such as alumina substrates, aluminum nitride substrates, silicon carbide substrates, and metal substrates such as aluminum base substrates and iron base substrates.
- circuit materials include conductors containing metals such as silver, gold and copper, resistors containing inorganic oxides, low dielectrics containing at least one of glass materials and resins, etc. Body, a high dielectric containing a resin, high dielectric constant inorganic particles, etc., and an insulator containing a glass-based material.
- a mask having a desired pattern is formed on the photosensitive resin composition film formed on the substrate by the above-described method, and the photosensitive resin composition film is irradiated with actinic radiation through the mask.
- the composition film is exposed in a pattern.
- actinic rays used for exposure include ultraviolet rays, visible rays, electron beams, and X-rays.
- the photosensitive resin composition film when the support is a material transparent to these rays, the exposure may be performed without peeling the support from the photosensitive resin composition film.
- This developer includes an aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium, diethanolamine, diethylaminoethanol, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, diethylamine, methylamine, dimethylamine, dimethylaminoethyl acetate, dimethylaminoethanol, An aqueous solution of a compound showing alkalinity such as dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, cyclohexylamine, ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine and the like is preferable.
- polar solutions such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, dimethylacrylamide, methanol, ethanol Alcohols such as isopropanol, esters such as ethyl lactate and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ketones such as cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, isobutyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone may be added.
- polar solutions such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, dimethylacrylamide, methanol, ethanol Alcohols such as isopropanol, esters such as ethyl lactate and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ketones such as cyclopent
- a developing method of the photosensitive resin composition film for example, a method of spraying the developer on the coating surface, a method of immersing the coating surface in the developer, and an ultrasonic wave while immersing the coating surface in the developer. And a method of spraying a developer while rotating the substrate.
- the “coating surface” referred to here is the surface of the substrate portion that is covered with the patterned photosensitive resin composition film in the substrate surface. Conditions such as the development time and the temperature of the developer can be set within a range in which the unexposed portion of the photosensitive resin composition film is removed. In order to process a fine pattern on the photosensitive resin composition film or to remove a residue between patterns, the photosensitive resin composition film may be further developed after the unexposed portion is removed.
- the substrate may be rinsed.
- the rinsing liquid used for this rinsing treatment water is preferable. If necessary, alcohols such as ethanol and isopropyl alcohol, and esters such as ethyl lactate and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate may be added to the rinsing liquid (water).
- the baking temperature is preferably 50 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 60 ° C. or higher.
- the baking temperature is preferably 180 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 120 ° C. or lower.
- the baking time is preferably 5 seconds to several hours.
- the photosensitive resin composition film on the substrate is heat-treated at a temperature of 120 ° C. to 400 ° C. to form a cured film.
- the temperature may be selected and the temperature may be raised stepwise, or the temperature may be raised continuously by selecting a certain temperature range.
- the heating temperature is more preferably 150 ° C. or higher, and further preferably 180 ° C. or higher.
- the heating temperature is preferably 300 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 250 ° C. or lower.
- the heat treatment time is preferably 5 minutes to 5 hours. Examples of this heat treatment include a method of performing heat treatment at 130 ° C. and 200 ° C. for 30 minutes each and a method of linearly raising the temperature from room temperature to 250 ° C. over 2 hours.
- the cured film obtained by the heat treatment described above preferably has a high glass transition temperature from the viewpoint of heat resistance.
- the glass transition temperature of the cured film is preferably 180 ° C. or higher, more preferably 220 ° C. or higher, and further preferably 250 ° C. or higher.
- the yellow change is small so that light reaches the bottom of the photosensitive resin composition film on the substrate.
- the degree of yellowing change is preferably less than 1.25, and more preferably less than 1.20.
- the remaining film ratio after curing is high.
- the remaining film ratio is preferably 70% or more, and more preferably 85% or more.
- the remaining film ratio can be set in the above range.
- the uses of the photosensitive resin composition, the photosensitive resin composition film, the cured product and the insulating film of the present invention are not particularly limited.
- the cured product of the present invention is formed by curing the photosensitive resin composition or the photosensitive resin composition film of the present invention.
- the insulating film (cured film) of the present invention comprising such a photosensitive resin composition or a cured product of the photosensitive resin composition film can be applied to various types of electronic components and devices as resists (protective films).
- Examples of the resist to which the insulating film of the present invention is applied include a substrate for a system using a semiconductor such as a mounting substrate and a wafer level package, a surface protective film incorporated in the package, an interlayer insulating film, and a wiring protective insulating film for a circuit board Etc.
- the insulating film of the present invention is thermocompression-bonded to the adherend, particularly from a permanent resist, that is, a patterned interlayer insulating film, a substrate, glass, a semiconductor element, etc. after patterning because of its excellent heat resistance. It can be suitably used for adhesive application.
- the electronic component of the present invention includes an insulating film (insulating film of the present invention) made of the above-described photosensitive resin composition or a cured product of the photosensitive resin composition film.
- the insulating film of the present invention can form a thick film pattern, it can be suitably used for a roof portion of a hollow structure having a hollow structure.
- the electronic component of the present invention preferably includes a hollow structure having a roof portion made of such an insulating film.
- the alkali-soluble polyimide (a) and the photopolymerization initiator (d) used in the following examples and comparative examples were synthesized by the following method.
- the imidation ratio of the obtained polyimide A1 was 94%. Moreover, the solubility of the polyimide A1 with respect to 23 degreeC tetramethylammonium aqueous solution (2.38 mass%) was 0.5 g / 100g or more.
- the imidation ratio of the obtained polyimide A3 was 95%. Moreover, the solubility of the polyimide A3 with respect to 23 degreeC tetramethylammonium aqueous solution (2.38 mass%) was 0.5 g / 100g or more.
- the imidation ratio of the obtained polyimide A4 was 95%. Moreover, the solubility of the polyimide A4 with respect to 23 degreeC tetramethylammonium aqueous solution (2.38 mass%) was 0.5 g / 100g or more.
- the imidation ratio of the obtained polyimide A5 was 95%. Moreover, the solubility of the polyimide A5 with respect to 23 degreeC tetramethylammonium aqueous solution (2.38 mass%) was 0.5 g / 100g or more.
- This intermediate compound Q1 (1.0 g) was dissolved in acetone (30 mL), potassium carbonate (1.11 g) and salicylaldehyde (0.73 g) were added thereto, and the mixture was heated to reflux for 3 hours and stirred. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, acidified by adding water followed by hydrochloric acid. The precipitate produced thereby was filtered through a filter and dried. As a result, 1.0 g of intermediate compound Q2 having the following structure was obtained.
- This intermediate compound Q2 (1.0 g) was dissolved in ethyl acetate (10 mL), hydroxyammonium chloride (0.35 g) and pyridine (5 mL) were added thereto, and the resulting mixture was heated to reflux for 3 hours and stirred. .
- the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured into water, and the organic layer was extracted with ethyl acetate and then dried over magnesium sulfate. After the dried organic layer was concentrated, the residue was purified by column chromatography. As a result, 283 mg of intermediate compound Q3 having the following structure was obtained.
- This intermediate compound Q3 (283 mg) was dissolved in ethyl acetate (14 mL), acetyl chloride (78.5 mg) and triethylamine (111 mg) were added thereto, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours.
- the reaction mixture was poured into water and the organic layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The extracted organic layer was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography.
- a photopolymerization initiator B1 (226 mg) having the following structure contained in the general formula (1-2) was obtained.
- DPE-6A (trade name, manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd., dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate), BP-6EM (trade name, manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd., ethylene oxide-modified bisphenol A dimethacrylate) It is used.
- HMOM-TPHAP (trade name, manufactured by Honshu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 4,4 ', 4 "-Ethylidynetris [2,6-bis (methoxymethyl) phenol]) is used.
- NCI-930 (trade name, manufactured by ADEKA) is used.
- photopolymerization initiators other than the photopolymerization initiator (d) that is, as other photopolymerization initiators (d ′), N-1919 (trade name, manufactured by ADEKA), NCI-831 (trade name, ADEKA) "IRGACURE” (registered trademark) OXE01 (trade name, manufactured by BASF, 1,2-octanedione, 1- [4- (phenylthio) phenyl-, 2- (O-benzoyloxime)), "IRGACURE” OXE02 (trade name, manufactured by BASF, Etanone, 1- [9-ethyl-6- (2-methylbenzoyl) -9H-carbazol-3-yl]-, 1- (O-acetyloxime)), “IRGACURE” 819 (trade name, manufactured by BASF, bis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) -phen
- the other additive (e) is a polymerization inhibitor and a silane coupling agent.
- the polymerization inhibitor QS-30 (trade name, manufactured by Kawasaki Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd., 4-methoxy-1-naphthol) is used.
- IM-1000 (trade name, manufactured by JX Nippon Mining & Metals) is used as the silane coupling agent.
- the protective film of the photosensitive resin composition film obtained in each example and each comparative example was peeled off, and a stage temperature of 80 ° C., a roll temperature of 80 ° C., and a vacuum using a laminating apparatus (manufactured by Takatori, VTM-200M).
- the release surface of the photosensitive resin composition film was laminated on a 4-inch silicon wafer under the conditions of a degree of 150 Pa, a sticking speed of 5 mm / second, and a sticking pressure of 0.3 MPa.
- a 40 ⁇ m photosensitive resin composition layer was formed on a silicon wafer by this method.
- the support film of the photosensitive resin composition film on the silicon wafer was peeled off, and the protective film of one prepared photosensitive resin composition film was peeled off.
- the prepared photosensitive resin composition film was laminated on the release surface of the photosensitive resin composition film on the silicon wafer (the surface from which the support film was peeled off) under the same conditions as described above. As a result, a total of 80 ⁇ m of the photosensitive resin composition layer was formed on the silicon wafer.
- line (L) / space (S) 5/5, 10/10, to an exposure apparatus (SME-150GA-TRJ, manufactured by Seiwa Optical Co., Ltd.) 15/15, 20/20, 25/25, 30/30, 35/35, 40/40, 45/45, 50/50, 60/60, 70/70, 80/80, 90/90, 100 /
- a photomask having a pattern of 100 ⁇ m was set so that the exposure gap was 10 ⁇ m, and the light transmitted through the LU0385 filter of an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp was exposed to the photosensitive resin composition layer. Exposure of the transmitted light, as Examples 1 to 13 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5, 800mJ / cm 2 (h line conversion), Examples 14, 15 and Comparative Examples 6 and 7 In 1600mJ / cm 2 (h line Conversion).
- the photosensitive resin composition layer was heated on a hot plate at 100 ° C. for 5 minutes.
- paddle development was performed using a 2.38 mass% aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide, thereby removing the unexposed portion of the photosensitive resin composition layer.
- the execution time of this paddle development was 180 seconds in Examples 1 to 13 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5, and 360 seconds in Examples 14 and 15 and Comparative Examples 6 and 7.
- the case where the cross-sectional shape of the pattern is a reverse taper shape having a taper angle exceeding 90 ° is evaluated as the first defect “x”, and the case where the cross-sectional shape of the pattern is a constricted shape.
- the second defect “XX” was evaluated.
- ⁇ Thick film processability residual film ratio
- the remaining film ratio was calculated by the following formula, and the thick film processability of the photosensitive resin composition film was evaluated based on the obtained remaining film ratio.
- Residual film ratio [%] (film thickness after curing ⁇ film thickness before exposure and development) ⁇ 100 Specifically, the case where the remaining film rate is 85% or more is evaluated as excellent “ ⁇ ”, and the case where the remaining film rate is less than 85% and 70% or more is evaluated as “good”, and the remaining film rate is A case of less than 70% was evaluated as a defective “x”.
- test mode tensile
- test temperature room temperature (25 ° C.) to 350 ° C.
- temperature increase rate 5 ° C./min
- test frequency 1 Hz
- distance between chucks 10 mm
- sample width 5 mm. Carried out.
- the heat resistance in Examples and Comparative Examples was evaluated based on the glass transition temperature of the single film (cured film) thus measured, and the obtained glass transition temperature [° C.] was used as the evaluation result.
- ⁇ Degree of yellow change> The protective film of the photosensitive resin composition film obtained in each example and each comparative example was peeled off, and the photosensitivity was measured with a spectrophotometer (manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Science Co., U-3900) using the base film as a reference. Absorbance Abs (0) before exposure at a wavelength of 405 nm of the resin composition film was measured. Next, the protective film of the newly prepared photosensitive resin composition film is peeled off, and then the LU0385 filter transmitted light of an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp is applied to this photosensitive resin composition film at 800 mJ / cm 2 (in h-line conversion). It exposed with the exposure amount.
- Example 1 of the present invention the polyimide A1 of Synthesis Example 1 was used as the alkali-soluble polyimide (a), DPE-6A and BP-6EM were used as the unsaturated bond-containing compound (b), and the thermally crosslinkable compound (c) HMOM-TPHAP was used as the photopolymerization initiator (d), and NCI-930 was used as the photopolymerization initiator (d). Further, QS-30 was used as a polymerization inhibitor, and IM-1000 was used as a silane coupling agent.
- polyimide A1 35 g
- DPE-6A 2 g
- BP-6EM BP-6EM
- HMOM-TPHAP 6 g
- NCI-930 1 g
- QS-30 QS-30 (0. 015 g) and IM-1000 (1 g)
- the addition amount of the mixed solvent was adjusted so that the additive other than the solvent was a solid content and the solid content concentration was 45% by mass.
- the obtained solution was subjected to pressure filtration using a filter having a reserved particle diameter of 2 ⁇ m, thereby obtaining a photosensitive resin composition.
- the obtained photosensitive resin composition was coated on a support film (PET film having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m) using a comma roll coater, dried at 85 ° C. for 13 minutes, and then coated as a protective film. A 50 ⁇ m PP film was laminated. As a result, a photosensitive resin composition film having a thickness of 40 ⁇ m was obtained.
- the resolution, pattern shape, thick film workability and moisture resistance were evaluated by the methods described above. The evaluation results of Example 1 are shown in Table 1-1 described later.
- Examples 2 to 15 of the present invention and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 of the present invention are the same as Example 1 except that the composition in Example 1 described above was changed to the compositions shown in Tables 1-1 and 1-2. It processed along the method and, thereby, produced the photosensitive resin composition film. Using the obtained photosensitive resin composition film, the resolution, pattern shape, thick film workability and moisture resistance were evaluated by the methods described above. The evaluation results of Examples 2 to 15 are shown in Table 1-1, and the evaluation results of Comparative Examples 1 to 7 are shown in Table 1-2.
- Example 1 the photosensitive resin composition of Example 1 was mixed with “Photo Nice” (registered trademark) UR-5100FX (trade name, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.), which is a polyimide precursor resin composition, and ⁇ -butyrolactone.
- a photosensitive resin composition film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was changed to (specifically, a mixture of UR-5100FX (200 g) and ⁇ -butyrolactone (100 g)).
- the resolution is good “ ⁇ ”
- the pattern shape is acceptable “ ⁇ ”
- the thick film processability is poor “ ⁇ ”
- the moisture resistance and adhesion are excellent “ ⁇ ”.
- the developer is DV-605 (trade name, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.)
- the development time is 360 seconds
- the cure is treated at 140 ° C. for 1 hour, and further treated at 350 ° C. for 1 hour. Did.
- the photosensitive resin composition and the photosensitive resin composition film according to the present invention are capable of processing a pattern shape into a rectangular shape even in thick film processing without requiring heat treatment at a high temperature. And a photosensitive resin composition film. Since the insulating film obtained from the photosensitive resin composition or the photosensitive resin composition film of the present invention is excellent in electrical characteristics, mechanical characteristics, and heat resistance, the surface protective film of the semiconductor element, the interlayer insulating film, the wiring of the circuit board It is useful for applications such as protective insulating films. In particular, since the insulating film according to the present invention can form a thick film pattern, it can be suitably used for a roof portion of a hollow structure of an electronic component having a hollow structure.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、アルカリ可溶性ポリイミド(a)、不飽和結合含有化合物(b)、熱架橋性化合物(c)および光重合開始剤(d)を含有する。本実施形態において、アルカリ可溶性ポリイミド(a)は、アルカリに可溶性の既閉環ポリイミドである。不飽和結合含有化合物(b)は、不飽和結合を含有する化合物である。熱架橋性化合物(c)は、熱架橋性を有する化合物である。光重合開始剤(d)は、後述の一般式(1)で表される構造を有する光重合開始剤である。
アルカリ可溶性ポリイミド(a)は、主鎖末端に、カルボキシル基、フェノール性水酸基、スルホン酸基およびチオール基のうち少なくとも一つを有することが好ましい。何故ならば、この構成により、アルカリ可溶性ポリイミド(a)のアルカリ可溶性を向上させることができるからである。半導体業界で一般的に用いられるアルカリ現像液に対する実用性を考慮すると、アルカリ可溶性ポリイミド(a)は、主鎖末端に、フェノール性水酸基またはチオール基を有することが好ましい。なお、主鎖末端へのカルボキシル基、フェノール性水酸基、スルホン酸基またはチオール基の導入は、これらの基を有する末端封止剤を用いることにより行うことができる。この主鎖末端を封止することにより、アルカリ可溶性ポリイミド(a)の繰り返し単位数が適度に小さくなる。このため、アルカリ可溶性ポリイミド(a)を含有する感光性樹脂組成物の微細パターンの加工性を向上させることができる。
イミド化率[%]=(ピーク強度P1÷ピーク強度P2)×100
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、不飽和結合含有化合物(b)を含有する。不飽和結合含有化合物(b)における不飽和結合含有基としては、例えば、ビニル基、アリル基、アクリロイル基、メタクリロイル基などの不飽和二重結合含有基、プロパギル基などの不飽和三重結合含有基などが挙げられる。不飽和結合含有化合物(b)は、これらの不飽和結合含有基を2種以上含有してもよい。これらの中でも、共役型のビニル基、アクリロイル基、メタクリロイル基が、重合性の面で好ましい。また、重合反応による過剰な架橋点に起因するパターンのクラックを抑制するという観点から、不飽和結合含有化合物(b)の不飽和結合の数は、1~6が好ましい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、熱架橋性化合物(c)を含有する。熱架橋性化合物(c)としては、例えば、アルコキシメチル基、メチロール基およびエポキシ基のうち少なくとも1つを含有する化合物が好ましく、アルコキシメチル基、メチロール基およびエポキシ基のうち少なくとも2つを有する化合物がより好ましい。熱架橋性化合物(c)は、これらの基のうち少なくとも2つを有することにより、アルカリ可溶性ポリイミド(a)と熱架橋性化合物(c)との反応や、熱架橋性化合物(c)同士の反応によって架橋構造体を形成する。このため、熱架橋性化合物(c)を加熱処理した後の硬化膜の機械特性や耐薬品性を向上させることができる。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、下記一般式(1)で表される構造を有する光重合開始剤(d)を含有する。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、必要に応じて、熱架橋性化合物(c)以外の架橋剤、光重合開始剤(d)以外の光重合開始剤、重合禁止剤、着色剤、界面活性剤、シランカップリング剤、チタンキレート剤、架橋促進剤、増感剤、溶解調整剤、安定剤、消泡剤、フィラーなどの添加剤、有機溶剤をさらに含有してもよい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、例えば、アルカリ可溶性ポリイミド(a)、不飽和結合含有化合物(b)、熱架橋性化合物(c)、光重合開始剤(d)および必要に応じてその他の添加物を混合し、溶解させることにより得ることができる。また、本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、必要に応じて、これらを有機溶剤に溶解させ、固形分濃度が20~70質量%程度である溶液にすることができる。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物の形態は、特に限定されず、フィルム状、棒状、球状、ペレット状など、用途に合わせて選択することができる。ここでいう「フィルム」には、膜、シート、板なども含まれる。本発明においては、感光性樹脂組成物の形態として、フィルム状の形態が好ましい。すなわち、本発明の感光性樹脂組成物をフィルム状に形成した感光性樹脂組成物フィルムが好ましい。本発明の感光性樹脂組成物フィルムは、例えば、本発明の感光性樹脂組成物を支持体上に塗布し、次いで、これを必要に応じて乾燥することにより得ることができる。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物を加熱硬化することにより、この感光性樹脂組成物の硬化物を得ることができる。感光性樹脂組成物の加熱硬化において、加熱硬化温度は、120℃~400℃の範囲内であることが好ましい。感光性樹脂組成物の硬化物の形態は、特に限定されず、フィルム状、棒状、球状、ペレット状など、用途に合わせて選択することができる。本発明において、この硬化物は、フィルム状であることが好ましい。また、感光性樹脂組成物のパターン加工によって、壁面への保護膜の形成、導通のためのビアホール形成、インピーダンスや静電容量あるいは内部応力の調整、放熱機能付与など、用途にあわせて、この硬化物の形状を選択することもできる。この硬化物(硬化物からなる膜)の膜厚は、0.5μm以上150μm以下であることが好ましい。本発明の絶縁膜は、本発明の感光性樹脂組成物の硬化物からなるものである。
次に、本発明の感光性樹脂組成物フィルムをパターン加工し、永久レジストを形成する方法について、例を挙げて説明する。
黄変化の度合い=Abs(1)/Abs(0)
Abs(0)は、波長405nmにおける露光前の感光性樹脂組成物の吸光度を表す。Abs(1)は、波長405nmにおける露光後の感光性樹脂組成物の吸光度を表す。黄変化の度合いは、1.25未満であることが好ましく、1.20未満であることがより好ましい。
残膜率[%]=(キュア後の膜厚÷露光現像前の膜厚)×100
上述した硬化膜の材料として本発明の感光性樹脂組成物を用いることにより、残膜率を上記範囲にすることができる。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物、感光性樹脂組成物フィルム、硬化物および絶縁膜は、その用途が特に限定されるものではない。例えば、本発明の硬化物は、上述したように、本発明の感光性樹脂組成物または感光性樹脂組成物フィルムの硬化などによって形成される。このような感光性樹脂組成物または感光性樹脂組成物フィルムの硬化物からなる本発明の絶縁膜(硬化膜)は、レジスト(保護膜)多種の電子部品、装置への適用が可能である。本発明の絶縁膜が適用されるレジストの例としては、実装基板やウェハレベルパッケージなどの半導体を用いるシステム用の基板やパッケージに内蔵する表面保護膜、層間絶縁膜、回路基板の配線保護絶縁膜などが挙げられる。
本発明における合成例1のアルカリ可溶性ポリイミド(a)であるポリイミドA1の合成方法について説明する。ポリイミドA1の合成方法では、乾燥窒素気流下、2,2-ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン(32.78g(0.0895モル))と、1,3-ビス(3-アミノプロピル)テトラメチルジシロキサン(1.24g(0.005モル))とを、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(100g)に溶解させた。以下、「N-メチル-2-ピロリドン」は、「NMP」と称する。この溶液に、ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)エーテル二無水物(31.02g(0.10モル))をNMP(30g)とともに加えて、20℃で1時間撹拌し、次いで50℃で4時間撹拌した。この攪拌後の溶液に、3-アミノフェノール(1.09g(0.01モル))を加え、50℃で2時間撹拌した後、180℃で5時間撹拌して樹脂溶液を得た。次に、この樹脂溶液を水(3L)に投入して、白色沈殿を生成させた。この白色沈殿を、濾過で集めて水で3回洗浄した後、80℃の真空乾燥機で5時間乾燥した。この結果、一般式(2)で表される構造を有するアルカリ可溶性ポリイミド(ポリイミドA1)の粉末が得られた。
本発明における合成例2のアルカリ可溶性ポリイミド(a)であるポリイミドA2の合成方法について説明する。ポリイミドA2の合成方法では、3-アミノフェノールを加えた後の加熱撹拌条件を、50℃で2時間および180℃で5時間から、50℃で2時間および160℃で5時間に変更したこと以外は、合成例1と同様とした。この結果、一般式(2)で表される構造を有するアルカリ可溶性ポリイミド(ポリイミドA2)の粉末が得られた。得られたポリイミドA2のイミド化率は、76%あった。また、23℃のテトラメチルアンモニウム水溶液(2.38質量%)に対するポリイミドA2の溶解度は、0.5g/100g以上であった。
本発明における合成例3のアルカリ可溶性ポリイミド(a)であるポリイミドA3の合成方法について説明する。ポリイミドA3の合成方法では、乾燥窒素気流下、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル(18.0g(0.09モル))をNMP(100g)に溶解させた。この溶液に、ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)エーテル二無水物(31.02g(0.10モル))をNMP(30g)とともに加えて、20℃で1時間撹拌し、次いで50℃で4時間撹拌した。この攪拌後の溶液を、さらに180℃で5時間撹拌して樹脂溶液を得た。次に、この樹脂溶液を水(3L)に投入して、白色沈殿を生成させた。この白色沈殿を、濾過で集めて水で3回洗浄した後、80℃の真空乾燥機で5時間乾燥した。この結果、一般式(2)または一般式(3)で表される構造およびシロキサン構造を有しないアルカリ可溶性ポリイミド(ポリイミドA3)の粉末が得られた。
本発明における合成例4のアルカリ可溶性ポリイミド(a)であるポリイミドA4の合成方法について説明する。ポリイミドA4の合成方法では、乾燥窒素気流下、2,2-ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン(32.96g(0.09モル))をNMP(100g)に溶解させた。この溶液に、ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)エーテル二無水物(31.02g(0.10モル))をNMP(30g)とともに加えて、20℃で1時間撹拌し、次いで50℃で4時間撹拌した。この攪拌後の溶液に、3-アミノフェノール(1.09g(0.01モル))を加え、50℃で2時間撹拌した後、180℃で5時間撹拌して樹脂溶液を得た。次に、この樹脂溶液を水(3L)に投入して、白色沈殿を生成させた。この白色沈殿を、濾過で集めて水で3回洗浄した後、80℃の真空乾燥機で5時間乾燥した。この結果、一般式(2)で表される構造を有し且つシロキサン構造を持たないアルカリ可溶性ポリイミド(ポリイミドA4)の粉末が得られた。
本発明における合成例5のアルカリ可溶性ポリイミド(a)であるポリイミドA5の合成方法について説明する。ポリイミドA5の合成方法では、乾燥窒素気流下、2,2-ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン(32.41g(0.0885モル))と、1,3-ビス(3-アミノプロピル)テトラメチルジシロキサン(3.72g(0.015モル))とをNMP(100g)に溶解させた。この溶液に、ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)エーテル二無水物(31.02g(0.10モル))をNMP(30g)とともに加えて、20℃で1時間撹拌し、次いで50℃で4時間撹拌した。この攪拌後の溶液に、3-アミノフェノール(1.09g(0.01モル))を加え、50℃で2時間撹拌した後、180℃で5時間撹拌して樹脂溶液を得た。次に、この樹脂溶液を水(3L)に投入して白色沈殿を生成させた。この白色沈殿を、濾過で集めて水で3回洗浄した後、80℃の真空乾燥機で5時間乾燥した。この結果、一般式(2)で表される構造を有するアルカリ可溶性ポリイミド(ポリイミドA5)の粉末が得られた。
本発明における合成例6の光重合開始剤(d)である光重合開始剤B1の合成方法について説明する。光重合開始剤B1の合成方法では、0℃に冷却したジフェニルスルフィド溶液(9.31g)を、ジクロロメタン(50mL)中の塩化アルミニウム(7.36g)に加えた。そして、これに0℃でクロロアセチルクロライド(5.56g)を加え、2時間室温で撹拌した。得られた反応混合物に、塩化アルミニウム(7.33g)とn-ブチリルクロライド(5.59g)とを0℃で加え、この混合物を一晩撹拌した。この反応後混合物を氷水に注ぎ、有機層をジクロロメタンで抽出した。この抽出液を、硫化マグネシウムで乾燥し、濃縮し、カラムクロマトグラフィーで残渣を精製した。この結果、下記の構造を有する中間体化合物Q1を10.35g得た。
本発明における合成例7の光重合開始剤(d)である光重合開始剤B2の合成方法について説明する。光重合開始剤B2の合成方法では、n-ブチリルクロライドの代わりに、4-メチルペンタン酸クロライドを加えること以外は、光重合開始剤B1(合成例6)と同様とした。この結果、下記の構造を有する光重合開始剤B2が得られた。
一方、下記の各実施例および各比較例で用いたその他の各材料は、以下に示す通りである。
各実施例および各比較例により得られた感光性樹脂組成物フィルムの保護フィルムを剥離し、ラミネート装置(タカトリ社製、VTM-200M)を用いて、ステージ温度80℃、ロール温度80℃、真空度150Pa、貼付速度5mm/秒、貼付圧力0.3MPaの条件で、感光性樹脂組成物フィルムの剥離面を4インチのシリコンウェハ上にラミネートした。実施例1~13および比較例1~5については、この方法によりシリコンウェハ上に40μmの感光性樹脂組成物層を形成した。実施例14、15および比較例6、7については、シリコンウェハ上の感光性樹脂組成物フィルムの支持体フィルムを剥離し、さらに準備した1枚の感光性樹脂組成物フィルムの保護フィルムを剥離し、シリコンウェハ上の感光性樹脂組成物フィルムの剥離面(支持体フィルムが剥離された面)に、この準備した感光性樹脂組成物フィルムを上記と同条件でラミネートした。これにより、シリコンウェハ上に合計80μmの感光性樹脂組成物層を形成した。
上述した解像度の評価の場合と同様の方法によって得られたラインアンドスペースパターンについて、ラインパターンに対して垂直になるようにシリコンウェハをカットし、パターン断面を露出させた。光学顕微鏡を用いて、倍率200倍で、L/S=100/100μmのパターン断面を観察し、パターンの断面形状の評価を行った。実施例および比較例におけるパターン形状の評価では、シリコンウェハの表面(基板表面)とパターン側面とのなすテーパ角を測定し、テーパ角が90°以下85°以上である場合を優良「◎」と評価し、テーパ角が85°未満80°以上である場合を良好「○」と評価し、テーパ角が80°未満である場合を許容可能「△」と評価した。また、パターン形状の評価では、パターンの断面形状が90°を超えるテーパ角をなす逆テーパ形状である場合を第1不良「×」と評価し、パターンの断面形状が括れた形状である場合を第2不良「××」と評価した。
上述した解像度の評価の場合と同様の方法によって得られたラミネート後の感光性樹脂組成物フィルムの膜厚を測定し、この測定値を「露光現像前の膜厚」とした。また、上述した解像度の評価の場合と同様の方法によって得られたラインアンドスペースパターンのキュア後のサンプルについて、L/S=100/100μmのラインパターンの膜厚を測定し、この測定値を「キュア後の膜厚」とした。実施例および比較例における厚膜加工性の評価では、下記の式により残膜率を算出し、得られた残膜率に基づいて感光性樹脂組成物フィルムの厚膜加工性を評価した。
残膜率[%]=(キュア後の膜厚÷露光現像前の膜厚)×100
具体的には、残膜率が85%以上である場合を優良「◎」と評価し、残膜率が85%未満70%以上である場合を良好「○」と評価し、残膜率が70%未満である場合を不良「×」と評価した。
フォトマスクを使用せず、感光性樹脂組成物を全面露光し、これ以外は上述した解像度の評価の場合と同様の方法に沿って処理を行い、これにより、感光性樹脂組成物の硬化膜を作製した。得られた硬化膜について、カッターを使用して1mm間隔で10行10列の碁盤目状の切り込みをいれた。これにより、この硬化膜に合計100個の区画部(以下、マスと称する)が形成された。次に、プレッシャークッカーテスト(PCT)装置を用いて121℃、2気圧の飽和条件で200時間、この硬化膜に対してPCT処理を行った後、この硬化膜における100マスのうち、“セロテープ”(登録商標)による引き剥がしによってシリコンウェハから剥がれたマスを計数し、この計数結果に基づいて、感光性樹脂組成物の耐湿性、接着性の評価を行った。実施例および比較例における耐湿性、接着性の評価では、シリコンウェハに残ったマスの数(残数)が100マス中100である場合を優良「◎」と評価し、この残数が99~80である場合を良好「○」と評価し、この残数が79~0である場合を不良「×」と評価した。
フォトマスクを使用せず、感光性樹脂組成物を全面露光し、これ以外は上述した解像度の評価の場合と同様の方法に沿って処理を行い、これにより、感光性樹脂組成物の硬化膜を作製した。得られた硬化膜について、シリコンウェハから剥離し、単膜を作製した。作製した硬化膜の単膜のガラス転移温度を動的粘弾性測定装置(日立ハイテクサイエンス社製、DMS6100)により測定した。なお、この測定は、試験モード:引張り、試験温度:室温(25℃)~350℃、昇温速度:5℃/min、試験周波数:1Hz、チャック間距離:10mm、サンプル幅:5mmの条件にて実施した。実施例および比較例における耐熱性は、このように測定した単膜(硬化膜)のガラス転移温度に基づいて評価し、得られたガラス転移温度[℃]を評価結果とした。
各実施例および各比較例により得られた感光性樹脂組成物フィルムの保護フィルムを剥離し、ベースフィルムをリファレンスにして、分光光度計(日立ハイテクサイエンス社製、U-3900)により、この感光性樹脂組成物フィルムの波長405nmにおける露光前の吸光度Abs(0)を測定した。次に、新たに準備した感光性樹脂組成物フィルムの保護フィルムを剥離し、その後、この感光性樹脂組成物フィルムに対して超高圧水銀灯のLU0385フィルター透過光を800mJ/cm2(h線換算)の露光量で露光した。そして、ベースフィルムをリファレンスにして、分光光度計(日立ハイテクサイエンス社製、U-3900)により、この感光性樹脂組成物フィルムの波長405nmにおける露光後の吸光度Abs(1)を測定した。上記のようにして得られたAbs(0)およびAbs(1)を下記の式に代入し、この算出結果に基づいて、実施例および比較例における黄変化度合いを評価した。
黄変化の度合い=Abs(1)/Abs(0)
実施例14、15、比較例6、7については、同組成の実施例2、3、比較例2、3の値をそれぞれ採用した。
本発明の実施例1では、アルカリ可溶性ポリイミド(a)として合成例1のポリイミドA1を用い、不飽和結合含有化合物(b)としてDPE-6AおよびBP-6EMを用い、熱架橋性化合物(c)としてHMOM-TPHAPを用い、光重合開始剤(d)としてNCI-930を用いた。また、重合禁止剤としてQS-30を用い、シランカップリング剤としてIM-1000を用いた。
本発明の実施例2~15および本発明に対する比較例1~7では、上述した実施例1における組成を表1-1、1-2に示す組成に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法に沿って処理を行い、これにより、感光性樹脂組成物フィルムを作製した。得られた感光性樹脂組成物フィルムを用いて、前述の方法により解像度、パターン形状、厚膜加工性および耐湿性を評価した。実施例2~15の評価結果は表1-1に示し、比較例1~7の評価結果は表1-2に示した。
この参考例では、実施例1の感光性樹脂組成物を、ポリイミド前駆体樹脂組成物である“フォトニース”(登録商標)UR-5100FX(商品名、東レ社製)とγ-ブチロラクトンとの混合物(具体的にはUR-5100FX(200g)とγ-ブチロラクトン(100g)との混合物)に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、感光性樹脂組成物フィルムを得た。
Claims (14)
- アルカリ可溶性ポリイミド(a)、不飽和結合含有化合物(b)、熱架橋性化合物(c)および下記一般式(1)で表される構造を有する光重合開始剤(d)を含有する、
ことを特徴とする感光性樹脂組成物。
(一般式(1)中、R1~R3は、それぞれ独立にハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシル基、カルボキシル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、-NR13R14、炭素数1~20の1価の炭化水素基、炭素数1~20のアシル基または炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基を表す。R13およびR14は、それぞれ独立に水素原子または炭素数1~10のアルキル基を表す。ただし、前記炭化水素基、前記アシル基および前記アルコキシ基の水素原子のうち少なくとも一部は、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシル基、カルボキシル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基または-NR13R14によって置換されていてもよい。前記炭化水素基中および前記アルコキシ基中の炭化水素基は、エーテル結合、チオエーテル結合、エステル結合、チオエステル結合、アミド結合またはウレタン結合により中断されていてもよい。R15は、炭素数1~5のアルキル基を表す。aは0~5の整数を表し、bは0~4の整数を表す。Aは、COまたは直接結合を表す。) - 前記光重合開始剤(d)は、下記一般式(1-1)で表される構造を有する、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
(一般式(1-1)中、R1~R3は、それぞれ独立にハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシル基、カルボキシル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、-NR13R14、炭素数1~20の1価の炭化水素基、炭素数1~20のアシル基または炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基を表す。R13およびR14は、それぞれ独立に水素原子または炭素数1~10のアルキル基を表す。ただし、前記炭化水素基、前記アシル基および前記アルコキシ基の水素原子のうち少なくとも一部は、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシル基、カルボキシル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基または-NR13R14によって置換されていてもよい。前記炭化水素基中および前記アルコキシ基中の炭化水素基は、エーテル結合、チオエーテル結合、エステル結合、チオエステル結合、アミド結合またはウレタン結合により中断されていてもよい。R15は、炭素数1~5のアルキル基を表す。aは0~5の整数を表し、bは0~4の整数を表す。) - 前記光重合開始剤(d)は、下記一般式(1-2)で表される構造を有する、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
(一般式(1-2)中、R1-1は、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシル基、カルボキシル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、-NR13R14、炭素数1~20の1価の炭化水素基または炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基を表す。R1-1におけるR13およびR14は、それぞれ独立に水素原子または炭素数1~10のアルキル基を表す。ただし、R1-1における前記炭化水素基および前記アルコキシ基の水素原子のうち少なくとも一部は、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシル基、カルボキシル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基または-NR13R14によって置換されていてもよい。R1-1における前記炭化水素基中および前記アルコキシ基中の炭化水素基は、エーテル結合、チオエーテル結合、エステル結合、チオエステル結合、アミド結合またはウレタン結合により中断されていてもよい。R2およびR3は、それぞれ独立にハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシル基、カルボキシル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、-NR13R14、炭素数1~20の1価の炭化水素基、炭素数1~20のアシル基または炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基を表す。R2およびR3におけるR13およびR14は、それぞれ独立に水素原子または炭素数1~10のアルキル基を表す。ただし、R2およびR3における前記炭化水素基、前記アシル基および前記アルコキシ基の水素原子のうち少なくとも一部は、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシル基、カルボキシル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基または-NR13R14によって置換されていてもよい。R2およびR3における前記炭化水素基中および前記アルコキシ基中の炭化水素基は、エーテル結合、チオエーテル結合、エステル結合、チオエステル結合、アミド結合またはウレタン結合により中断されていてもよい。R15は、炭素数1~5のアルキル基を表す。aは0~5の整数を表し、bは0~4の整数を表す。) - 波長405nmにおける露光前の吸光度をAbs(0)とし、波長405nmにおける露光後の吸光度をAbs(1)としたとき、Abs(1)/Abs(0)<1.25を満たす、
ことを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一つに記載の感光性樹脂組成物。 - 前記アルカリ可溶性ポリイミド(a)は、主鎖末端に、カルボキシル基、フェノール性水酸基、スルホン酸基およびチオール基のうち少なくとも一つを有する、ことを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一つに記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記アルカリ可溶性ポリイミド(a)は、側鎖に、カルボキシル基、フェノール性水酸基、スルホン酸基およびチオール基のうち少なくとも一つを有する、ことを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一つに記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記アルカリ可溶性ポリイミド(a)は、側鎖に、フェノール性水酸基を有する、ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記アルカリ可溶性ポリイミド(a)は、シロキサンジアミンの残基を有するポリイミドである、ことを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれか一つに記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記アルカリ可溶性ポリイミド(a)は、前記シロキサンジアミンの残基が全ジアミン残基中に1モル%以上10モル%以下含まれるポリイミドである、ことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記アルカリ可溶性ポリイミド(a)のイミド化率は70%以上である、ことを特徴とする請求項1~9のいずれか一つに記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか一つに記載の感光性樹脂組成物からなる、
ことを特徴とする感光性樹脂組成物フィルム。 - 請求項1~10のいずれか一つに記載の感光性樹脂組成物の硬化物からなる、
ことを特徴とする絶縁膜。 - 請求項12に記載の絶縁膜を備える、
ことを特徴とする電子部品。 - 前記絶縁膜からなる屋根部分を有する中空構造体を備える、
ことを特徴とする請求項13に記載の電子部品。
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| JP (1) | JP7088004B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR102440327B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN110419001B (ja) |
| SG (1) | SG11201908559XA (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI765003B (ja) |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020196139A1 (ja) | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-01 | 東レ株式会社 | 感光性樹脂組成物、感光性樹脂シート、中空構造の製造方法および電子部品 |
| CN111909045A (zh) * | 2019-05-09 | 2020-11-10 | 北京鼎材科技有限公司 | 一种含有可交联基团的封端剂、改性聚酰亚胺前驱体树脂、光敏树脂组合物及其应用 |
| WO2021075005A1 (ja) * | 2019-10-16 | 2021-04-22 | 昭和電工マテリアルズ株式会社 | 感光性樹脂フィルム、レジストパターンの形成方法、及び配線パターンの形成方法 |
| KR20220031113A (ko) | 2019-08-27 | 2022-03-11 | 후지필름 가부시키가이샤 | 경화막의 제조 방법, 광경화성 수지 조성물, 적층체의 제조 방법, 및, 반도체 디바이스의 제조 방법 |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115826360B (zh) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-09-12 | 江苏艾森半导体材料股份有限公司 | 感光性聚酰亚胺组合物、图形的制造方法、固化物和电子部件 |
| CN118915391B (zh) * | 2024-07-19 | 2025-04-01 | 波米科技有限公司 | 一种含氮杂环聚硅氧烷的感光性树脂组合物及其应用 |
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| WO2020196139A1 (ja) | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-01 | 東レ株式会社 | 感光性樹脂組成物、感光性樹脂シート、中空構造の製造方法および電子部品 |
| JPWO2020196139A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-01 | ||
| CN113646882A (zh) * | 2019-03-27 | 2021-11-12 | 东丽株式会社 | 感光性树脂组合物、感光性树脂片、中空结构的制造方法及电子部件 |
| KR20210146882A (ko) | 2019-03-27 | 2021-12-06 | 도레이 카부시키가이샤 | 감광성 수지 조성물, 감광성 수지 시트, 중공 구조의 제조 방법 및 전자 부품 |
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| CN111909045A (zh) * | 2019-05-09 | 2020-11-10 | 北京鼎材科技有限公司 | 一种含有可交联基团的封端剂、改性聚酰亚胺前驱体树脂、光敏树脂组合物及其应用 |
| CN111909045B (zh) * | 2019-05-09 | 2023-11-21 | 北京鼎材科技有限公司 | 一种含有可交联基团的封端剂、改性聚酰亚胺前驱体树脂、光敏树脂组合物及其应用 |
| KR20220031113A (ko) | 2019-08-27 | 2022-03-11 | 후지필름 가부시키가이샤 | 경화막의 제조 방법, 광경화성 수지 조성물, 적층체의 제조 방법, 및, 반도체 디바이스의 제조 방법 |
| WO2021075005A1 (ja) * | 2019-10-16 | 2021-04-22 | 昭和電工マテリアルズ株式会社 | 感光性樹脂フィルム、レジストパターンの形成方法、及び配線パターンの形成方法 |
| US20240111211A1 (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2024-04-04 | Showa Denko Materials Co., Ltd. | Photosensitive resin film, resist pattern forming method, and wiring pattern forming method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR102440327B1 (ko) | 2022-09-05 |
| US20200019060A1 (en) | 2020-01-16 |
| CN110419001B (zh) | 2023-07-07 |
| JP7088004B2 (ja) | 2022-06-21 |
| SG11201908559XA (en) | 2019-10-30 |
| TW201841949A (zh) | 2018-12-01 |
| JPWO2018173840A1 (ja) | 2020-01-23 |
| CN110419001A (zh) | 2019-11-05 |
| TWI765003B (zh) | 2022-05-21 |
| KR20190124232A (ko) | 2019-11-04 |
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