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WO2018158717A1 - Système de chargement pour machines à pyrolyse - Google Patents

Système de chargement pour machines à pyrolyse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018158717A1
WO2018158717A1 PCT/IB2018/051303 IB2018051303W WO2018158717A1 WO 2018158717 A1 WO2018158717 A1 WO 2018158717A1 IB 2018051303 W IB2018051303 W IB 2018051303W WO 2018158717 A1 WO2018158717 A1 WO 2018158717A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
inner cylinder
gaskets
head
speed
pyrolysis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2018/051303
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2018158717A9 (fr
Inventor
Antonio La Gatta
Umberto La Gatta
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
K-Teck SA
Original Assignee
K-Teck SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by K-Teck SA filed Critical K-Teck SA
Publication of WO2018158717A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018158717A1/fr
Publication of WO2018158717A9 publication Critical patent/WO2018158717A9/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/0015—Feeding of the particles in the reactor; Evacuation of the particles out of the reactor
    • B01J8/002—Feeding of the particles in the reactor; Evacuation of the particles out of the reactor with a moving instrument
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K3/10—Under-feed arrangements
    • F23K3/12—Under-feed arrangements feeding by piston
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00743—Feeding or discharging of solids
    • B01J2208/00752—Feeding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/154—Pushing devices, e.g. pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/10—Waste feed arrangements using ram or pusher
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2203/00—Feeding arrangements
    • F23K2203/20—Feeding/conveying devices
    • F23K2203/203—Feeding/conveying devices using pistons or rams

Definitions

  • Pyrolysis plants which mainly use wood chips or wood pellets for biomass
  • drop or screw type biomass reactor loading systems also called passive systems, having to adopt techniques and complex mechanisms so as to prevent introducing excessive amounts of material, and the simultaneous release of synthetic gas or syngas, produced by the process itself.
  • these systems are very complex, expensive, and subject to prolonged downtime, due to the frequent maintenance necessary and for the no less frequent jamming phenomena. They also have complexities and uncertainties regarding the amount of material introduced.
  • Another limitation of the current systems, and not only of the drop type, but also for example of the belt type, or those with closed or semi-closed screw systems, is the operating range depending on the size and the purity of the material to be loaded. In fact, recommended ranges limit the operation of such systems with different materials.
  • the main innovation of this system compared to those of the known art, is that the system is active, that is, the loaded material is conveyed mechanically during the entire loading phase. This makes the loading system independent of the size of the loaded/conveyed matrix/biomass.
  • the system is able to overcome the limitation of mechanical jams, and if oversized components get through it is able to fragment/shear them, automatically reducing them to a conveyable size.
  • the system is substantially composed of two coaxial cylinders, a piston head and a drive system which can be of the electric (linear motor, screw motors), hydraulic, or pneumatic type.
  • the thick external cylinder is static. It has a suitably sized hole with a specific shape to cut the material and optimize the forces that push the material inside, through which the material to be transported enters.
  • the shape of the entry hole is designed to generate a radial force towards the center which produces a biomass containment effect during the injection process.
  • the piston anchoring system (electric/hydraulic/etc.) which will transmit the motion to the inner cylinder.
  • the walls of this cylinder are rectified, lapped, quenched, and chromed to ensure that the surface is unaltered over time from the abrasive/corrosive action of the transported material.
  • the inner cylinder is itself composed of two components, a cylinder that acts as a shutter, and a head, "piston head” that will have multiple functions. It breaks up the material that could not pass into the loading system because of its size. Its tolerances make it possible to keep the walls of the external cylinder clean of the residues of the matrix/biomass. It also houses pneumatic/oleodynamic expansion gaskets that keep the system under pressure.
  • the sealing system is controlled by means of the valves which control when to put the system under pressure and when to release the pressure. This method of control prevents the seals from breaking, in fact if they were fixed, when they pass through the hole for loading they would tend to expand and in the subsequent closing phase would be cut by the system itself, losing effectiveness.
  • the gaskets in the resting phase are inside their seats and thus are not subject to cuts and breaking during the material loading phase.
  • the system automatically pressurizes the gaskets which, when expanded, will adhere to the inner walls of the outer cylinder, creating the seal.
  • This seal control system also facilitates maintenance since during the replacement phase putting the gaskets under pressure pushes them out of their seat, making the replacement operation quick.
  • the specific shape of the "piston head" also allows one or more digital probes to be housed inside to measure various parameters. Particular channels allow, if necessary, the injection of fluids into the loading system, when the material is being conveyed to the pyrogasification reactor.
  • the pneumatic/oleodynamic expansion sealing system seals the inlet channel and thus prevents syngas from escaping, and does not allow air, and therefore the oxygen in it, to enter the combustion chamber. All this translates into greater safety for the environment, people, and the location in which the system will be installed.
  • the piston head is in turn equipped with a "head punch" which, under normal conditions of use, creates a channel inside the loaded material, thereby reducing the internal tensions due to the pressure exerted during loading. Thus it prevents material from compacting and creates less friction on the walls of the outer cylinder, but in extreme conditions it is used as a ram, to break up accumulated material.
  • the internal cylinder acts as a shutter for the material feed hole on the outer cylinder.
  • the system allows such precise control as to allow the quantity of material to be dosed with absolute accuracy.
  • the internal cylinder has inserts made of self- lubricating material so as to prevent contact between metal surfaces and at the same time to minimize friction between the materials in contact, thus requiring less energy for their operation.
  • the system may be driven by different types of motors, as described above, which may be of an electrical, oleo-dynamic, or pneumatic nature, but if required in special cases can also be of the manual type.
  • the precise control of feed rates is another innovation introduced in systems of this type, enabling the precise control of the pyrolysis reaction and therefore the thermal process taking place in the reactor, thereby allowing the quantity and quality of the syngas produced to be modulated.
  • the system can be installed in various types of plants, whether new or existing. It can be mounted in various positions, whether horizontal, vertical or with more or less wide angles of inclination, either positive or negative. This makes the system flexible and high performance. The few components it is made of make it reliable and with a very low maintenance cycle.
  • the forward speed of the piston is proportional to its position because while the system must ensure continuous feed, the density of the material increases with the forward movement of the piston.
  • the system therefore uses a predictive logic or a feedback logic.
  • V l maximum feed speed
  • the feed speed is a PID function of the piston thrust, that is the reaction force of the material acting on the piston.
  • control systems introduced make it possible to take into account not only the reactor feed speed, but also the speed depending on the matrix/biomass used, since the behavior of the latter can vary considerably depending on different parameters such as particle size, humidity, specific density, elastic modulus, etc.
  • the preferred embodiment of the system is a system for loading and conveying wood and non-wood biomasses, inside the chambers in which the pyrolysis and/or combustion process is carried out. Nevertheless, this system can be used in all those cases where there is a need to convey certain quantities of materials, reduce the phenomenon of compacting and break up any components with dimensions that are not suitable for the size of the chamber, even of another nature, and where there is the need to control the speed of advancement of the same.
  • Figure 1 shows an overall view of the system
  • Figure 2 shows the external cylinder
  • Figure 3 shows the inner cylinder
  • Figure 4 shows the head punch
  • Figure 5 shows the piston head with the relative sections.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de chargement d'un réacteur de pyrolyse avec des matrices organiques de diverses natures et/ou des déchets à utiliser sur des machines à pyrolyse, ledit système étant constitué par un cylindre externe pourvu d'un trou d'alimentation, un cylindre interne servant d'obturateur, lesdits cylindres étant destinés à coulisser l'un dans l'autre, et une tête pourvue de joints et fixée au cylindre interne. Le cylindre interne est relié à un actionneur du type électrique ou hydraulique avec une unité de commande reliée à un capteur de position et/ou de vitesse et/ou de pression.
PCT/IB2018/051303 2017-03-03 2018-03-01 Système de chargement pour machines à pyrolyse Ceased WO2018158717A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT201700024193 2017-03-03
IT102017000024193 2017-03-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018158717A1 true WO2018158717A1 (fr) 2018-09-07
WO2018158717A9 WO2018158717A9 (fr) 2018-10-04

Family

ID=62028064

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2018/051303 Ceased WO2018158717A1 (fr) 2017-03-03 2018-03-01 Système de chargement pour machines à pyrolyse

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2018158717A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3393944A (en) * 1966-10-25 1968-07-23 Petrocarb Inc Method for pneumatically injecting solid particles into a high pressure zone
US4148405A (en) * 1977-12-01 1979-04-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Solid feeder and method
EP0168724A2 (fr) * 1984-07-14 1986-01-22 Bühler-MIAG GmbH Dispositif d'éclusage pour introduire un matériau solide et coulable dans un réservoir sous pression
US20080066911A1 (en) * 2006-09-15 2008-03-20 Rajesh Luharuka Oilfield material delivery mechanism

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3393944A (en) * 1966-10-25 1968-07-23 Petrocarb Inc Method for pneumatically injecting solid particles into a high pressure zone
US4148405A (en) * 1977-12-01 1979-04-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Solid feeder and method
EP0168724A2 (fr) * 1984-07-14 1986-01-22 Bühler-MIAG GmbH Dispositif d'éclusage pour introduire un matériau solide et coulable dans un réservoir sous pression
US20080066911A1 (en) * 2006-09-15 2008-03-20 Rajesh Luharuka Oilfield material delivery mechanism

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2018158717A9 (fr) 2018-10-04

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