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WO2018149994A1 - Tour munie d'une partie centrale - Google Patents

Tour munie d'une partie centrale Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018149994A1
WO2018149994A1 PCT/EP2018/053938 EP2018053938W WO2018149994A1 WO 2018149994 A1 WO2018149994 A1 WO 2018149994A1 EP 2018053938 W EP2018053938 W EP 2018053938W WO 2018149994 A1 WO2018149994 A1 WO 2018149994A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
core
floors
elevator
corridor
elevators
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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PCT/EP2018/053938
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Roland Weber
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102017202543.3A external-priority patent/DE102017202543A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102017202544.1A external-priority patent/DE102017202544A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102017208660.2A external-priority patent/DE102017208660A1/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2018149994A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018149994A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/34—Extraordinary structures, e.g. with suspended or cantilever parts supported by masts or tower-like structures enclosing elevators or stairs; Features relating to the elastic stability
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
    • E04H1/04—Apartment houses arranged in two or more levels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/06—Office buildings; Banks

Definitions

  • a high-rise building that has been used for some time now is the so-called twisted high-rise, as it was, for example, designed by Calatrava under the name “Torso” in Malmö in 2005 or the “Evolution Tower” in Moscow. Even these examples show that there are a variety of design options for twisted high-rise buildings.
  • the present invention is generally applicable to skyscrapers having a generally quadrangular core and a plurality of floors.
  • a part of the floors should first be divided by firewalls into several separate fire sections and extend the firewalls or fire sections with the proviso in the inner core that the inner cores is divided into several separate fire sections.
  • a high-rise building for residential purposes is known from JP 2003 184331, wherein in a core, a single elevator and a staircase is provided and several units belonging to different units unit baths.
  • a high-rise central skeleton should not consist of a single core with a square or rectangular cross-section, but of two distinct cores, each of which has a substantially rectangular prism shape, the large side surfaces of the cores and the large side surfaces of the house being parallel, the cores being said to be separated from a transverse aisle provided approximately in the middle of each floor. This is to divide the functions of the Monets cheaper. On different core cells then elevators and stairs are distributed with smoke-resistant locks as access and there are circulating around the core and guided along the core outer walls corridors available.
  • JP 2002 097 806 A points to the importance of smoke-free security for high-rise buildings. It is therefore proposed a core in the escape stairs and a Safety elevator are arranged. A corridor surrounding the core is intended to improve the means of escape for the residents with high living comfort.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide new products for commercial use.
  • a skyscraper with at least generally square core and a plurality of floors, which are accessible via a variety of elevators and two separate, preferably separately ventilated staircases, the staircases are arranged interleaved with each other on the one inner core side, on the opposite Core side of the elevators are arranged with passage into the interior of the core and provided between elevators and staircases leading out of the core interior corridor.
  • a first basic idea of the present invention lies in the recognition that a core constructed as proposed, despite the compact dimensions allowed, satisfies a large number of requirements simultaneously.
  • fire protection requirements may vary. This ensures a high level of fire protection.
  • the core allows adaptation to a three-level security concept, in which all apartments lead to a corridor, which in turn leads to the anterooms, which in turn allow escape via selectable stairwells.
  • the staircase vestibules can be separately ventilated separately, where necessary. Where this is not required, otherwise required for the antechamber shafts otherwise, for example for MEP technology,
  • Corridor smoke, etc. be provided. Where no three-stage security concept is required because, for example, staircase antechambers or separate staircase antechambers are considered to be expendable, the core can be made correspondingly more compact without otherwise requiring major adjustments. This has the advantage of a particularly easy transferability of existing planning to countries with other standard pre scriptures.
  • the corridor leading from the inside of the core can be accessed from both the elevators and the stairwells, or from the vestibules of elevators or vestibules of staircases.
  • the elevators at least one will typically be a firefighter elevator.
  • Fire brigade lifts are particularly secure, with the appropriate measures such as the controller, emergency power supply, etc. are not discussed here, but the skilled person readily known, and can be used here for the present purposes.
  • firefighting elevators range from 1.1 t - 2.0 t with shaft dimensions of only 2.0 mx 2.7 m, which is still sufficient for a 2 m long stretcher with the specified dimensions inside cabins of at least 1.1 mx 2.1 m are readily feasible.
  • Fire brigade elevators of, for example, only even smaller dimensions would also be usable, but are rather the exception due to their lower transport capacity, if they must be regarded as critical with regard to building regulations.
  • that elevators with lower capacity and the 800 - 1000 kg are sufficient, if typically only a small number of people per floor uses the lifts and also possibly the number of stops can be kept low, it should be mentioned.
  • a low number of people per floor will have to be transported, especially in compact residential buildings, ie residential buildings in which only about 8 - 20 people live on one floor due to the low rentable net space per floor (net leasable area). Typically, this will be the case for residential areas between 400 m 2 - 700 m 2 .
  • the two preferred elevators in the core can extend without problems in the core up to the highest floor, which ensures redundancy in case of failure of a lift and allows compliance with regulations such as the Musterhochhausrichtline (MHHR) or comparable international regulations.
  • MHHR Musterhochhausrichtline
  • the preferred arrangement proposed here preferably with no more than four, often for example up to three lifts also makes it possible to transport a large number of people quickly even at peak times. This is advantageous because waiting for an elevator is critical to feeling high comfort or lack thereof. Waiting-time calculations are internationally recognized according to the simulation methods of the CIBSE Guide D of 2015 (Performing Institution of Building Services Engineers, London). According to this, average waiting times of less than 45 seconds are considered acceptable in the living area, less than 40 seconds as "good” and less than 30 seconds as "excellent”. For a high degree of comfort, it is essential that a fast transport is guaranteed even in times of peak loads. For high-rise residential buildings, this is the morning rush hour prevail.
  • the transport capacity indicates how many percent of the population of the high-rise building can be transported on average within 5 minutes. This should preferably be in the range "good” between 6% and 8%, depending on the desired degree of luxury of use.
  • the waiting times for a lift at peak times can not be shortened arbitrarily by increasing the lift speed and ergo the lift acceleration, because this is considered uncomfortable and the increase in lift speed primarily affects when the lift can cover long distances without stopping in between to have to allow more people to get in or out; in case of frequent stopovers, the maximum acceleration or its change, ie. H. the so-called "JERK factor" relevant.
  • the maximum acceleration or its change ie. H. the so-called "JERK factor" relevant.
  • In height ranges of 100 - 200 m are lift speeds of 4m / sec. - 5m / sec. common.
  • simulations show that speeds around 7m / sec. can lead to significantly lower waiting times, without the need for the core must be significantly increased or another elevator is provided close to the core.
  • the speed of the lift can be increased already problem-free, if the shaft is only increased by 10cm in each direction. This is already sufficient so that at higher speeds of the lift, especially when driving past his counterweight, resulting turbulence can be effectively counteracted and thus settlement-related oblique positions of the shaft does not adversely affect.
  • the lift travel times extend virtually linearly with increasing ceiling height.
  • the core according to the invention can be used with several elevators. Without problems, two elevators can be installed in the core, for example, three, four, or possibly even five to six elevators directly at the core, which together allow longer distances to be covered before a next stop. Thus, more floors can be served with the same comfort, especially when a zoning is made.
  • the speeds increase with the number of elevators without increasing the JERK factor.
  • the values mentioned can be increased by 40-60%, while where even a fourth elevator is provided 80-140% higher values can be achieved.
  • a third core-near elevator preferably not more than 55, in particular preferably not more than 50, particularly preferably not more than 45, floors are served.
  • the third and possibly fourth core-near elevator - if provided - does not necessarily have to serve the entire building height; zoning is preferred.
  • the third elevator is typically provided at a maximum of half the height.
  • the third elevator is advantageously used only below two thirds of the building height and the fourth below one third of the building height.
  • forced ventilation is required, for example for fire brigade elevators, staircases and / or staircase vestibules
  • this will in many cases - and depending on the relevant local, regional and / or national safety regulations - typically be realized as overpressure ventilation, ie by blowing in fresh respiratory air Overpressure in the corresponding staircases, vestibules, etc.
  • the forced ventilation is not realized as a positive pressure air supply, but additionally and / or alternatively a smoke extraction takes place, for example by sucking off smoke air, in which case fresh, unused air, e.g. can be tightened by sufficiently large shafts.
  • forced ventilation shafts for stairwells and / or their anterooms and / or the elevator anterooms or other rooms may also be provided;
  • the forced ventilation shafts can thus be used for positive pressure air supply, smoke extraction and / or (pressure-free) fresh air afterflow.
  • forced ventilation may be used for certain areas, such as e.g. Staircase vestibules are omitted and the designated space otherwise, e.g. be used for the MEP installation. It should be noted that often only after discussions of special permits by the relevant authorities, such forced ventilation measures will be qualified as expendable.
  • the core is present also particularly stable and inexpensive, because only a few openings must be provided therein.
  • a forced ventilation opening for the fire brigade lift must occasionally be provided after several uninterrupted floors. This can in fact be supplied from a shaft outside the core, which requires a large wall breakthrough about every four floors.
  • Stairwell antechambers are supplied by a separate shaft, or a common shaft, which is located between the two staircase anterooms, or, depending on the permit, by overflow from the stairwells.
  • the staircases themselves may have shafts, from which they are supplied with forced air.
  • a plurality of spaced apart openings of, for example, a maximum of 200mm, preferably only up to 150mm, particularly preferably 100mm, which on the one hand allows to provide a MEP shaft on one side of the core and from this through the corridor along the ceiling also to supply the apartments opposite, and on the other hand allows to set lines in precisely defined locations. This is just as advantageous for building maintenance as it is for planning the building. It is understood that the specified upper limits each purchase a slightly worse statics against better feasibility of lines.
  • the lintels of the corridor core wall passages are not more than 20 cm away from the clear door heights, particularly preferably not more than 15 cm, in particular not more than 10 cm.
  • the lintels of the corridor core wall passages are not more than 20 cm away from the clear door heights, particularly preferably not more than 15 cm, in particular not more than 10 cm.
  • the wall areas next to these doors of breakthroughs free fall;
  • 0.5 - 1.0 door widths or passage widths should remain free to the right and left of the corridor or the corridor door.
  • the corridor can be redistributed to the interior of the core or to the units of use.
  • the relevant lines may include, for example, control and sensor lines, power lines and wet risers for extinguishing and sprinkler water.
  • the passage through the lintel preferably takes place with cross-sections of, for example, preferably not more than about 100 mm in diameter and ensures that the necessary lines are located in the generally accessible, typically community-owned area.
  • the corridor can be designed in a straight line or substantially rectilinear and can remain short, no significant space consumption is otherwise required for the floor development.
  • the development is overall, both for the user clearer and, for example, for the fire department.
  • the rectilinear corridor can be kept narrower due to its clarity. It will be obvious, however, that a minimum width of 1.20 m as an escape route and 1.50 m is recommended where people with disabilities, such as wheelchair users, have to be reckoned with. In any case, this has a positive effect that a short corridor is made possible by the invention, which is already generous even with small widths.
  • such a corridor will therefore be in residential buildings not wider than 2 m, particularly preferred for residential buildings widths between 1.5 m - 1.8 m.
  • Koridore a width of 1.5m are already very generous with the short straight-lined corridors. Corridors in office buildings can be made wider because of the larger number of people.
  • the forced ventilation can and will usually provide for an overpressure in the anterooms or in the fire service hoistway and in the stairwells, so that in case of fire smoke can be kept away from the escape routes by overpressure.
  • the shaft dimensioning is such that - in the case of forced ventilation by compressed air supply - on the one hand a high volume flow is already achieved through an open door, typically 2 m / s flow velocity out of the stairs to push away otherwise penetrating smoke, but on the other hand a thus adjusting contact pressure on the doors opening as desired in the direction of escape need not be excessively large; from about 50 Pascal contact pressure would make it difficult to open the closed door in case of flight.
  • three or four elevators can share a single elevator anteroom; this consumes also with typically around 6m 2 (according to MHHR) or over 5m 2 (according to CIBSE-D) only a small area, although it gives even with several people waiting already a spacious impression, especially in connection with the adjacent corridor.
  • another elevator in particular a third elevator, which can be arranged close to the core outside the core, could be a fire-fighter elevator, alternatively and / or in addition to a fire elevator in the core.
  • a fire-brigade lift which was intended outside the core, would be the only fire-brigade lift to be carried to the top floors.
  • a lift arranged on the outer side of the core does not extend over the entire building height. Rather, it may be provided that the third or fourth and / or fifth to possibly even the sixth elevator extends only up to a certain height.
  • the preferred staggering of the third and / or fourth elevator in such a way that they only service lower levels also counteracts the usual zoning of elevators in groups of floors, which is usually used in high-rise construction.
  • a third elevator may e.g. well serve the maximum lower third of the people in the entire building. Simulations show that it tends to lead to longer waiting times when all elevators serve all floors.
  • the skyscraper will not have a fifth elevator with entrance to the core.
  • the skyscraper is preferably at least 35 floors, in particular at least 45 floors, alternatively and / or additionally not more than 55 and preferably not more than 60 floors, which are accessed via the core.
  • possibly additional arrangements such as more elevators additional cores floors below the floor number mentioned could be arranged, for example, to provide a - possibly wider - base with office space in mixed use such as retail or hotel below the residential floors.
  • the core could then be reserved for the development and supply of upper floors. This is advantageous insofar as the total number of floors that can be easily served, even at peak times when the waiting time is still tolerated, will depend on the density of the persons accommodated on the floors.
  • NLA 10 to 12 m 2 net
  • NLA 100 m 2 net apartment in western countries
  • clear room heights of 2.7 m - 3 m are used in the floors plus typical in the living area 40 cm to 60 cm for the static-constructive ceiling packages including floor construction. This results in overall heights of typically over 60 m, preferably at least 100 m, particularly preferably 150 m and in particular more preferably up to 240 m height of the skyscraper.
  • the room heights it should be noted that the larger storey heights increase the number of steps, which leads to an extension of the stairs and thus to an undesirable broadening of the core.
  • the core must have a sufficiently high fire resistance and needs for this a certain wall thickness. At the above heights of more than 100 m, this wall thickness is greater, for static reasons, than it would have to be to achieve a sufficient fire resistance of F 120 or F 180.
  • the described core can be designed so that the wall thickness remains acceptable regardless of the static requirements at the said heights and the area efficiency does not decrease significantly. This is especially true for a slenderness of at least 10, especially at least 15, and most preferably at least 17.
  • the preferred skyscrapers to be constructed with the proposed core are thus very slim. Slimming refers here to the ratio of the smaller core width (including walls) to the total height of the core. From a slenderness of over 12, especially from a slenderness of 15, the use of an outrigger is preferred.
  • the high area efficiency means that it can be built economically, even if the extension of high-rise floors from edge to edge of the façade through the core is no more than 32 m; preferably it will not be more than 28 m, more preferably not more than 27.5 m and in a particularly preferred variant it will be between 23 m and 26 m. This ensures particularly desireable rooms, which are illuminated deep into the room by daylight, without these rooms having to be too high. It should be noted that the core would be suitable for office buildings due to the elevator capacity then usually lower skyscrapers, where larger room depths such as 10 m-12 m are common. Due to the core, which is slightly rectangular through the shafts, an aspect ratio of 1.05 to 1.15 is particularly preferred and area-efficient with approximately the same lease span on all sides.
  • the core is not only suitable for such buildings, but that possibly even elongated buildings can be built with centrally arranged, efficient core and possibly parallel to this provided disc-like reinforcements with outriggers.
  • the torsional stress at the same material thickness is smaller in square cross-sections than in non-square rectangles, as can be seen from the Bredtian thrust formula
  • the reinforcement is significantly simplified if the outer core walls, which are mainly bear, are kept straight in the ground plan, and the formwork technique is also simplified, especially when climbing, with only two stages Safety concept can, as mentioned, the anterooms omitted, which will not only the area efficiency, but a correspondingly rectangular core will result.
  • a square or at least approximately square core is therefore preferred in particular for twisted high-rise buildings.
  • the core in particular for a three-stage security concept, is considered approximately square, if neither of the sides is longer than the next shorter side by more than 20%, preferably not more than 15% deviation, in particular preferably not more than 10% deviation consist. It will be appreciated that deviations from a square or nearly square or rectangular shape are already deviated by varying the corridor width. Even with square or almost square cores, however, a corridor width can be left that is typically perceived by users as pleasant already, for example in a range of 1.30 m to 1.80 m, and thus exceed the safety requirements of 1.20 m.
  • core sizes of less than 110 m 2 are preferred, more preferably less than 95 m 2 and especially less than 79.5 m 2 corresponding to 8.9 mx 8.9 m, preferably sizes between 8.6 mx 8.6 m correspondingly 74 m 2 or not more than 76 m 2 corresponding to 8.8 mx 8.8 m; taking into account that the core can not be exactly square even with smaller elevators and escape doors of less than 1.20 m in the light, only preferred values of 72 m 2 core size, 8.7 mx 8.3 m, preferably 8.4 mx 7.0, result m corresponding to 76 m 2 . How these dimensions can be achieved results from the mass chains discussed below.
  • the additional wall thickness will typically be greater than the wall thickness required for fire resistance to achieve a fire resistance of at least F 120, more preferably greater than the wall thickness required for fire resistance to achieve fire resistance of F 180 and / or or larger than the minimum thickness of firewalls. This can be realized well even for houses over 130 m high.
  • the wall thickness typically need not exceed 100% of the thickness required to achieve a fire resistance.
  • thicknesses of the core outer walls of more than 25 cm are recommended. It may be possible to provide an assembly according to the present invention with a reinforcement of less than 1, preferably of 0.6% (ie 0.6: 0.15% minimum reinforcement per side and direction).
  • skyscraper as in the most preferred, but not necessarily always, in particular not always provided in combination dimensions of, for example 52 floors, 170 m height and a core size of 8.4 mx 7.9 m at a span between 23 - 27.5 m, compared to buildings with comparable leaflets but other cores, area efficiency can be obtained that is several percent greater. Compared to seven other similar objects, the area efficiency is 15 - 25% higher. It is to be estimated that this directly affects the revenue that can be achieved with a building, or the costs per square meter of rentable space or office space that can be leased.
  • ventilation shafts in particular compressed air shafts, are provided for the forced ventilation in the staircases.
  • the staircases are accessible from the anterooms near the core wall, while the vestibules themselves can be accessed through doors from the corridor, which are closer to the core center than the doors to the staircases from the vestibule.
  • This ie with the arranged in corners ventilation ducts, in turn is achieved that less of the large ventilation openings through the core wall are required, which in turn leads to the advantages already described in terms of static and building construction.
  • the Arrangement according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to avoid such large breakthroughs falling close to the sensitive door. Preference is given to overflow openings from the stairwell in order to supply the anterooms.
  • a double door leads to the elevator svorraum.
  • Such a double door opens an advantageously generous spatial impression.
  • a door half in particular those closer to the fire brigade, automatically locked in case of fire, so that according to certain standards prescribed distances between escape door and fire service lift door can be realized.
  • the building services shafts and the third elevator or possibly fourth elevator not only lie outside the core, but also within the perimeter, in which the core cross-section including wall thicknesses is inscribed.
  • the lifts piggybacking on the core are particularly large, for instance because an increased transport capacity is to be created for office use, this does not necessarily have to be adhered to, although even the basic rules disclosed there are complied with
  • even with a third elevator this is at least largely possible despite its typical minimum internal shaft mass of 2.00 x 2.00 m plus wall thicknesses
  • This applies in particular to exactly square cores as well as to generally square cores, as defined above with respect to the deviations from exactly square shape or cores with the advantageous dimensions as stated HaustechnikJcht e or - lines include in particular a shaft for the corridor ventilation and a forced air shaft for the forced air supply of the fire brigade elevator.
  • the typically provided for compressed air shaft for the forced air supply of the fire brigade hoistway may be provided on the core outer wall opposite the fire brigade elevator, so that the inflow of compressed air into the fire brigade s Kunststoffschacht is readily ensured. From the firefighter elevator shaft can the common elevator vestibule be flowed through an overflow. It is preferred that all compressed air and domestic service wells are located outside the core so that the length of the corridor remains small. In addition, it is preferred if mechanical and electrical shafts are accessible and accessible from public areas, in particular from corridors.
  • the mechanics and electrical shafts are arranged directly on the core outer wall.
  • the electric shaft requires less space than the lines for cold and hot water, gray water, waste water from Baikononen etc. as well as ventilation, etc. comprehensive mechanics.
  • the ventilation and also the heating are arranged decentrally. This means that the particularly large vertical ventilation ducts in the ducts can be omitted or significantly reduced. It can be seen that through such shafts of the corridor is extended outside the core, which is why the facade side parallel to the corridor, preferably also extended accordingly. Preferably, this facade side is formed about 10% longer than the shorter side. Especially where the house is not twisted, there are advantages in the design of the apartments.
  • the mechanics-electric shafts accessible, wherein preferably one of both can be entered from the corridor and the other can be reached by the first one.
  • a walk-through MEP combination shaft is not known, in particular not with a separation as required by a door.
  • the MEP shaft is typical, preferably as well as a corridor ventilation shaft, lying on that core half, on which also the stairwell with its staircase antechambers lies. This is due to the fact that in a preferred variant the core is not divided in the middle of the corridor and the staircase in the core with its anterooms occupies more space than the elevators with vestibule.
  • the correspondingly smaller wall surfaces on the elevator side can then be used for other lines such as wastewater collection pipes, rainwater drainage, which are led out of the apartments on the core outer wall down and usually not walk-a.
  • Arranging the various building services shafts outside the core not only reduces the number of required core breakthroughs but also ensures easier re-planability during later stages of planning. This, in turn, makes it unnecessary to provide more space than is absolutely necessary for the shafts from the very outset, as is regularly the case there, where the building services shafts are to be led overall or largely at their core. Such rescheduling of the Kerns in later stages are particularly undesirable because of the static consequences and the complex geometries to follow from the fire safety regulations. Not only the total area of the building services shafts can remain small, but with arrangement outside of the core also the reduction of the shaft size over the height becomes more flexible and area-efficient possible. Likewise, later enlargements of domestic engineering shafts may be simplified.
  • the invention is to be seen as particularly advantageous for the skilled person if he sees that a nuclear redesign will remain unnecessary despite the small size.
  • the planning is also simplified insofar as at least partial decoupling of the individual planner committees is simplified.
  • the problems of cooperation which otherwise arise between specialist planners, architects, investors and marketing experts, which are common on the market, can also be minimized by resorting to the core of the invention.
  • the arrangement of the building services shafts, in particular at least some or all of the mentioned building engineering shafts, on the outside of the core is therefore also advantageous because the design of a high-rise is simplified, late planning changes are allowed without problems and nevertheless the area consumption for the core and or for the Shafts themselves can be kept low.
  • the domestic engineering shafts lie within the circumference around the core, or are largely within the perimeter of the core, so with not more than about 15% of the required for said building engineering shafts area, in particular not more than 10, preferably not more than 5, Particularly preferably not more than 3% of the area for the specified building engineering shafts lie outside the perimeter, the layout floor plan is simplified, even where the building has torsion in itself.
  • floors are easily accessible even if the usual use of a core circulating corridor and / or on L- or U-shaped developments up to or around the core corners around completely or predominantly omitted.
  • the skyscraper will have at least 30 floors, preferably over 40 floors, but typically even more, namely at least 50 floors.
  • the perceived living comfort depends, among other things, on the fact that the waiting times for the elevator do not become too great even at peak times.
  • the size of 3 elevators is limited by more than 40 floors compared to the optimal average waiting time of ⁇ 25 seconds according to CIBSE.
  • a further upper limit can also result for the height from the statics.
  • the H / 500 peak deformation which results essentially under wind loads, can have a critical effect here.
  • the peak deformation limit is set for building heights above preferably 220m, more preferably already provided from building heights above 190 m two outrigger; at building heights above 130 m, at least one outrigger is recommended, particularly preferably this is already provided from 100m. From which height exactly an outrigger must be provided, can depend on it, whether by special facade constructions and skyscraper forms by wind rather load-reducing Turbulence occur or by corresponding building dimensions larger wind loads are to be expected.
  • the smaller core now enables the construction of smaller floor areas and thus smaller lease spans when demanding the same area efficiency. Because with small lease spans of preferably 7.00m to 8.50m smaller room heights of less than 3.00m are possible, without the rooms appearing dark, so the small core reduces the height of the building ergo, which in turn reduces the price of the building.
  • the achievable ve- locity (end) speed and the height of the storey and thus the distance to be covered by the lift are no longer the sole determinants of expected waiting times.
  • the simulated waiting times increase to a level that is often no longer acceptable, for example, over 1 minute waiting time. It is therefore particularly preferred when elevators are used in the core at 5 m / s, with even elevators up to 7 m / s being easily usable, and the particularly fast elevators being able to be fully deployed especially at zoning and high altitudes.
  • Twinlifts and / or biplane lifts be beneficial.
  • two independently controlled cabins are arranged in the same shaft, in double-decker lifts two directly stacked lift cabins are provided, which are always moved together and can be accessed from directly superimposed floors.
  • Each Twinlift or each double-decker elevator can be understood as an elevator in the sense of the invention, unless explicitly stated otherwise.
  • An elevator, a twin lift or a double-decker lift can be counted as an elevator. It is reserved, however, to claim protection only in so far as each of the elevators referred to either a single lift or a twin lift or a double-decker lift is understood.
  • the benefits of each lift such as ease of control, reduced costs and reduced waiting times, are obvious.
  • exterior lifts d. H. elevators not opening into the core or its corridor, but running on or near a building exterior edge
  • exterior lifts can be provided separately, in particular exclusively for the typically more solvent inhabitants of the (more expensive) upper floors. That especially an outside elevator will only start a limited number of floors due to the expense for a floor exit or for the required according to the requirement of shafts, or for reasons of simple construction only load and / or waste need transport, it should be mentioned.
  • a construction crane can be arranged, which simplifies its otherwise complex anchoring to the building.
  • a further preferred embodiment results if, as often desired architecturally, the outer contour is profiled by a slightly inclined or - more preferably - vertical notch, in particular such that the profiling notches only in the preferably circumferential Bal- kone, rather than in the static deflection-sensitive Edge areas in the facade area.
  • an external elevator which is guided in or on the profiling or notching, the optical effect of this notch still increase.
  • the specified floor numbers as they are preferred for residential buildings and at typical clear room heights, minimum of 2.50 m and preferably from 2.7 m - 3 m (measured from the top edge of the floor to the bottom edge of the concrete structure), as in residential construction for upscale Claims are popular, results in a height of at least 100 m, preferably 150 m for a high-rise according to the invention. In particular, the height may be at least 160 m or even preferably at least 170 m.
  • the core wall thickness of the load-bearing walls can also be kept low.
  • the achievable spans will typically be under 32 m. This is especially true where high-quality living space is desired cost. Even more preferred is a span of not more than 28 m, in particular not more than 27 m. It can be seen that spans, above all between 23 m and 26 m, can lead to particularly attractive living spaces that can still be provided inexpensively.
  • the core will be generally quadrangular, namely, in the case of a three-stage security concept, preferably exactly one quadrangular core will be present which, in particular, is as square as possible, ie in which no more than 15% deviation of the edge lengths will occur from one another.
  • the angles preferably correspond to +/- 10, preferably +/- 5%, exactly right angles.
  • the core inner wall length is preferably not more than 8.9 m corresponding to a base area of not more than 80 m 2 . It is even preferable to keep the core dimension at 8.40 mx 7.90 m to 8.70 mx 8.30 m clear core dimensions. Larger dimensions are not functional for common Usage unit dimensions meaningful, significantly smaller dimensions than specified are structurally possibly problematic feasible. However, an inner surface area of less than 110 m 2 and further less than 95 m 2 is already preferred. This is readily sufficient to provide forced ventilation for the escape staircases and their vestibules and two elevators with a corridor between the staircase and the elevators. An only two-stage safety concept reduces the short side (eg 7.90 m again by about 1.40 m corresponding to 1.20 m vestibule width plus 20 cm wall thickness.
  • the shortest possible inner inner wall length in the longitudinal direction of the corridor is preferably achieved if the longest of the three following mass chains is optimized to the extent that it approximately reaches the second longest chain and, ideally, also corresponds to the longest 3rd mass chain.
  • the mass chains run (1) longitudinally through the scissor staircase, (2) parallel to it through vestibules and core elevators and optionally (3) through the stairwell vestibules.
  • the core width of about 8.40 m also enough, because so easily a fire brigade elevator with a shaft depth of 2.7 m in the light, a 20cm thick wall, 3.10 m vestibule, another 20 cm thick wall and another shaft with a depth of 2.20 m can be provided in the light.
  • the resulting 3.10m antechamber width are sufficient for compliance with the standards. This is enough at 8.40m all three critical mass chains. It is now also clear how changes will affect and where, depending on usage and culture and technology tolerances can be planned or exploited.
  • the forced ventilation ducts for the staircases are arranged surface efficient in the corner of the nucleus, because then the - typically by compressed air feed - forced ventilation takes place from the duct to the staircase only by comparatively thin walls and not the core wall itself must be performed , This improves the statics and lowers the construction costs.
  • the elevator svorraum is separated by a double door or sliding door from the corridor, in which the fire brigade closer door half is provided with a control that locks in case of fire and thus can not be opened.
  • the minimum distance provided in various regulations between the fire service lift door and Corridor also ensured a visually appealing, wide passage in the corridor.
  • the building services shafts and the third and fourth elevator are located within a circumference around the core, wherein the core, as stated above, may be generally square or exactly square, but need not necessarily be. This makes it possible to guarantee a sensible use of the floor even where the high-rise building is to be constructed as a twisted high-rise building.
  • “meaningful floor space use” are meant layouts, with which for sale and use particularly valuable (adjoining the facade) outside rooms predominantly a minimum room depth starting from facade of at least 4 m and preferably of over 4.50m have Rather, more than 70%, in particular more than 80% and particularly preferably at least 90% of these near-facade spaces are preferably referred to as the minimum depth of 4 m, preferably 4.5 m exhibit.
  • the specified minimum depth not only facilitates the installation of large, especially rectangular furniture such as beds, sofas, etc., especially for living room and bedroom, but it is also overheating avoided, which are expected in less deep rooms and the desired room high open glass facades otherwise in summer , As mentioned, such room-high open glass facades are made very easy by the Outriggersystemen.
  • the corridor ventilation shaft is arranged on a core outer wall, on the inside of a stairway anteroom or the staircase is located, and if the mechanical power supply is arranged on the other, adjacent to the stairwell vestibule and stairwell outer core wall so that he also accessible from the uniaxial corridor.
  • the mechanics or electrical shafts are accessible, it is advantageous to arrange them one behind the other so that one can pass through the one manhole to the other, and to arrange a separation between the shafts as required, fireproof. It is possible and preferable to fire the electrical cables of the rear shaft through the preferably vertically open (first) mechanical shaft and not through foreign residential units.
  • the use of a passable first shaft to reach the second shortens the required corridor distance from which the MEP devices are to be achieved, which in turn leads to more visually appealing designs, even if the corridor width is chosen to be so large that problem-free wheelchair passage respectively the use of stretchers is readily possible.
  • the standard width for wheelchair access is around 1.50 m.
  • the fire brigade air duct can be arranged on the outside of the fire brigade close to the shaft.
  • the sound-emitting rainwater and / or sewage pipes can be laid around the core and preferably directly adjacent to one another, which makes the drainage of the individual residential units, especially due to the low shaft wall surfaces, inexpensive overall.
  • individual of the said building engineering shafts can slightly exceed the perimeter around the core, but that typically no more than 15% of the area of all building engineering shafts lie outside the perimeter, preferably not more than 5% to 10 %, wherein it is particularly preferred if none of the building engineering shafts with more than 20%, in particular not more than 10% of its surface protrudes beyond the perimeter, at least as far as a plurality of lifts "piggyback" close to the core, in particular with in the elevator vestibule provided therein leading doors are provided.
  • the close to the core arranged Haustechnikschacht vom are particularly preferred where the skyscraper has a twist, ie floor-level floor space are offset by, for example, the core axis against each other by an angle between 0.5 ° to about 5 °.
  • An angle greater than 3 ° results in the use of supports to a considerable space consumption within the apartments, a too small torsion is visually hardly noticeable.
  • the higher the torsion angle the greater the load on the core.
  • the torsion of the corner supports already starts at 1.2 ° and, for 50 floors, 80% of the torsional stress in the core base. This must be taken into account if necessary. But it is reasonable that where possibly lower skyscrapers are desired, the torsion, so that it is easily recognizable, may be larger.
  • large-scale housing units are considered those in which to provide typically large furniture, such as double beds, sofa groups, large wardrobes, single beds and long dining tables. The differences are rooms in residential units, which allow typical small-scale furniture such as guest toilets, storage rooms, pantries and wardrobes.
  • this includes kitchens, if the use of continuous work surfaces is considered at least partially unnecessary and / or continuous kitchen cupboard lines from standard cabinets are not considered mandatory. It is, provided that this proposed that in a twisted high-rise building with the proposed core those room units that require a large-scale furniture, are arranged close to the facade and the walls separating the room units are guided vertically away from the facade.
  • the walls may preferably over 3 m, more preferably over 3.5 m, typically over 4 m to max. 5 to 7 m inside, so that large spaces with vertical walls are created near the façade. It goes without saying that it would be possible to deviate from an exactly right angle of the room walls to the facade, if this is desired architecturally, but this is not mandatory.
  • corridors can then be connected and the small-area rooms such as cloakrooms, guest toilets, store and pantry rooms, etc. can be connected to the core. shut down. This ensures good usability of the overall floor plan without necessitating a development corridor on the residential floors around the core.
  • the floor surfaces are evidently non-circular, preferably at least generally square, but corners chamfered or rounded, and that the outer contour of the floor space including any balconies and the like may be generally quadrangular but may have incisions, protuberances and the like at each edge, preferably with an area in relation to the total area of the floor of less than 10%, preferably and 5%, more preferably less than 3%, in particular not more than one incision or one protuberance per edge , which allows architecturally more interesting designs, without negatively affecting the overall facade shape and / or outer contour.
  • the floor area will therefore be generally rectangular with an angle of 90 ° +/- 10 °, in particular often generally square, preferably for cores with a particularly narrow square shape cores one edge can be about 10% longer than it is the next long Edge is. It should be noted, however, that deviations are possible and, for example, in many cases a deviation of 10% or more than 10% between the long edge and the next long edge is possible and preferred. It is possible to provide a skyscraper of the invention with outside of the glazing extending Baikon and a disturbance of the quadrangular contour only in the balcony areas.
  • the floors are immovable against each other, but are preferably against each other from floor to floor in the same direction and preferably rotated with the same pitch about a vertical axis, in particular at an angle below 5 °, in particular at an angle less than 2.5 °, in particular an angle between 1 ° and 2 °, preferably between 1.1 ° - 1.3 ° (in each case based on 360 ° full circle).
  • the supports will preferably be inside the apartments, which in a preferred variant will result in a skyscraper with floor surfaces rotated against one another about a core axis and supports therebetween, the columns forming at least two groups, the supports of the columns first group are arranged from floor to floor in a first rotation around the core axis and the supports of the second group are arranged from floor to floor in a first counter-rotating direction about the core axis, preferably such that the supports are each about the core axis wind around and preferred, but not mandatory, also the supports of the second group squirm.
  • a winch is also assumed, if within a storey height the support per se is straight and is perpendicular to the ceiling and / or floor, but preferably a turn following reinforcement by each of the corresponding supports runs.
  • the supports of the first group will lie on a first circle and the supports of the second group on a second circle, wherein the first and second circle have different diameters.
  • the larger circle will correspond to that in which the sense of rotation of the supports corresponds to that of the direction of the floor, ie the outer supports will follow the rotation of the floor, while the inner supports will be twisted in opposite directions.
  • the outer pillars will run close to the corners within the building, so that they follow the outer circle with the corners, but each offset a small distance inwards, while preferably the pillars of the second group on an inner circle to the same from floor to floor or in general remain the same floor contour. It is also possible and preferred that the average
  • Cross-sectional area of the outer columns is greater than the average cross-sectional area of the inner columns and more columns will be located on the inner circle with a smaller diameter. It is particularly preferred if there is at least one floor in which the supports of the inner circle lie on the intersection of the core wall edges with the inner circle of the floor surface, while the outer supports, that is, lying on the larger circle supports in extension of the corners of the core seen from the core center. Thus, in a preferred variant, four outer supports and eight inner supports are provided.
  • the arrangement of the column groups for twisted towers around the core axis offers particular advantages, but it is not mandatory that the twisted high-rise is twisted around the very core axis, although this offers advantages and it is generally preferred the core axis and the torsion axis have at most a slight offset from one another. Also, the axes about which the supports of the first and second group are each rotated, have a slight offset from each other and / or the core axis, even if they additionally rotate together at a generally identical angle from floor to floor on.
  • the angle does not have to be absolutely exactly identical for all supports of a group, but small variations are possible, but which for example from support to support of a group will typically be less than 10% of the angle, preferably less than 5% of the angle. be mentioned. This, too, may possibly still be understood (in a broad sense to that extent) as a common rotation. It should be mentioned that with still good improvement of the statics by rotation angle change and varying lateral offset, where appropriate, the layout on certain floors can be significantly improved.
  • a skyscraper with floor surfaces which are rotated against each other about an axis, and supports therebetween, wherein the supports comprise two groups, the supports of the first group from floor to floor in a first rotational sense against each other are arranged offset around the axis, wherein the mutually offset supports still have a sufficient for the load transfer overlap, and wherein the supports of the second group are arranged from floor to floor in a first counter-rotating sense of rotation against each other about the axis, said mutually offset supports of the second group also have an overlap.
  • Such a skyscraper can be realized particularly well with the compact core of the present invention, but this would not be mandatory.
  • At least one level is a diagonal of one of the inner supports or one of the not completely outboard supports to the core wall out. If a diagonal, in particular over several floors, such as for example 3 floors, is led from the inner support to the core of each of the inner supports, this stiffens the building quite massively even under dynamic wind loads, without the need for particularly thick outrigger walls. are necessary.
  • due to the geometric form of wind-blown buildings wind loads are typically even less pronounced than in non-twisted buildings. Outrigger are thus also and especially in conventional, not twisted high-rise buildings required.
  • the outriggers also provide for non-twisted skyscrapers also for a significant reduction of induced by wind loads in the core and for a reduction of deformations of the spire and accelerations occurring there.
  • Outrigger are known per se, but not as a single diagonal and especially not more than two floors. Due to the construction proposed here, initially one of the elaborate lower or upper girths of an otherwise required outrigger truss is eliminated. It turns out that, surprisingly, even with the small core described as preferred, the outrigger diagonal and its remaining strap can remain unexpectedly narrow. The same applies to the core walls in the floor area of the diagonal. This, in turn, saves considerable construction costs and deadlines. Instead of the usual 1 m to 1.5 m truss widths are now sufficient by 0.5 m. This is not only advantageous for the simplification of the construction preparation, but also allows undisturbed elevation guidance close to the core outside the core of guided elevators with smaller surface losses to the core. For thick outrigger walls, shafts of the elevators outside the core have to move slightly away from the core, creating corresponding loss surfaces across all floors.
  • the Outrigger arrangement needs only with a thickness of only about 45 cm over three floors diagonally down to the core down. It should be noted that per se shorter diagonals, for example, could be implemented over only two floors, but at least in the high-rise here exemplified by the "outrigger" walls should be up to about 1 m thick Walls, however, remain thin with only 45cm.It is regarded as particularly advantageous in high-rise buildings, which are provided in the face of expected wind loads or the like with "outriggers" and are twisted and in which several columns groups with at least two mutually rotating, ie opposite direction are provided around the building winding props to withdraw a diagonal construction over more than two floors, preferably not more than five floors, in particular three floors to the core.
  • a preferred variant with a square core, square base floors, a span of 27.5 m and eight inner columns allow for diagonals extending over three floors to provide an extremely small and slender core with a reinforcement above the outrigger and over many floors below it 0.6% minimum reinforcement as core wall surface reinforcement, in the case of core perimeter wall thicknesses, which are otherwise practically indispensable in high-rise building construction. This is extremely low for skyscrapers with twisted geometry.
  • the achievable tower peak deflections are at a size of "height / 850" and thus well below the value "height / 500", which must be maintained according to international standards at least.
  • a slightly larger width can be provided.
  • ground floor dimensions of, for example, 60 mx 30 m, whereby, in view of the required
  • the larger elevator capacities and the larger elevator antechambers necessarily to be provided for this purpose a corridor widening and / or an elevator antechamber extension may be advantageous. That for such large floor areas (with, for example, 140 people per floor), for example, up to six elevators, which are also operated in particular zoned using biplanes, Twinlifts and Skylobbys, are advantageous, may be mentioned.
  • the diagonal at the preferred dimensions of, for example, 150 m dwelling height, internal core dimension of 8.6 mx 8.6 m to 8.7 mx 8.7 m and diagonal stiffening over three floors in walls of thickness not exceeding 45 cm , wherein the diagonal then extends over three floors of the support down to the core and from the core to the upper point of a stiffening, additional reinforcement or upper chord is performed.
  • a stiffening, additional reinforcement or a top flange will be performed on the core to the upper diagonal point, but which can be included within a typical floor thickness, so that even with very tall, slender buildings, the additional space requirement is at most low.
  • skyscrapers are constructed which preferably have a slenderness of at least 10, especially 15, more preferably at least 17, most preferably at least 18 (slenderness is defined herein as the ratio of height of the entire core to minimum core diameter).
  • slenderness is defined herein as the ratio of height of the entire core to minimum core diameter.
  • Such skyscrapers can be well developed with the described small core, with up to e.g. three elevators with entrances to the core can be used, without having to accept disadvantages of living comfort and / or economically by renting or selling usable living space on a larger scale.
  • Such skyscrapers will preferably have between 30 and 60 floors.
  • outriggers used and proposed for these (or other buildings) are statically sensible above 30% of the typical building height for typical high-rise buildings between 40 and 60 storeys and common storey heights between 2.7 m and 3 m clear room height and associated floor heights Floors, preferably provided above 40% of all floors.
  • floors preferably provided above 40% of all floors.
  • In the preferred core dimensions of less than 80m 2 to about 100m 2 outrigger in high-rise buildings are typically useful in over 35 to 40 floors, as they also limit the stresses on the core foot in particular.
  • Outriggers are typically provided so that supports of the interior of the two groups are connected horizontally to the core, with reinforcement preferably parallel to the core walls and preferably whole or At the same time, the strut engages the strut diagonally downwards near the corner of the core.
  • the reinforcement which runs as parallel as possible to the core walls, particularly preferably meets the core wall near the core corner in the middle. So that this arrangement is at the correct height and the horizontal connection can be performed as desired parallel to the core walls of the core corners to the struts, the initial orientation of the floor surface to the core and the respective floor rotation angle is chosen accordingly so that in the desired height of z B. the 26th floor and / or half Height the stiffening comes to rest.
  • outrigger in conjunction with inclined supports also cause an increase in the torsional stiffness in the Outriggerebene and consequently at the same time a reduction of the torsional stresses in the core below the Outriggerebene.
  • This torsional stiffness increases with inclination of the supports or with their offset.
  • the overall system below the outriggers level is thus statically indeterminate in terms of torsion.
  • a corresponding stiffening in the form of a diagonal which is led away from a support to the core at the bottom at a lower level.
  • one diagonal of each pillar of the inner group is guided to a deeper area on the core wall. It is typical and preferred if the diagonal is guided over three floors from the support down to the core.
  • a corresponding anchoring will be provided for the diagonal.
  • reinforcement is performed horizontally from the core to the upper diagonal engagement point on the strut. This may be the case as additional reinforcement within the floor slab or biased to limit the tower tip deflection.
  • the thicknesses must not exceed 45 cm.
  • the diagonal is guided so that it starts on a floor, where the supports of the inner group lie as exactly as possible an extension of the core wall edges.
  • the diagonal struts are then correspondingly also to the corners of the core brought so that run away from each corner of the core two diagonal struts upwards, particularly preferably of running in the core ring collar, which serve to distribute strut forces of the framework
  • the inclusion of lateral loads is particularly favored.
  • the high-rise building according to the invention can be designed more easily, in particular in an electronically-automatically supported manner.
  • protection is also claimed to iteratively execute the design of a skyscraper subject to plan changes during the planning phase, such that a skyscraper is planned with a square core, a plurality of floors accessible via a plurality of elevators and two separate, preferably separately forced staircases are, the high-rise is designed with structural design, required building services and supply lines that are guided in the shafts in the floors, first a first version of an electronic plan is generated with a core on one core inside the staircases are arranged nested with each other , preferably with forced ventilation shafts in the core, and on the opposite side of the core elevators are provided with passage into the interior of the interior, between elevators and staircases, a corridor leading from the interior of the core is provided, wherein in the first electronic plan Fl For example, at least half, preferably even three quarters - in any case a significant part outside the core but close to the core - of the first version of the first electronic plan, and at least those relating to the outer core of the core, are reserved Data is protected in
  • the protection of the outer core mass means that at most slight structural changes are necessary with regard to the reinforcement, but the core itself no longer needs to be changed in size. This leads to the fact that the individual specialist planners are not forced to claim large areas already at core design in order to enable later changes. This helps to make the core small.
  • FIG. 1 shows a twisted high-rise building according to the present invention with a notch incising the circumferential balconies
  • Figure 2a is a floor area in the lower part of the building, which is developed by 3 elevators in the core;
  • Figure 2b shows a floor area of the building in the upper area, which is so high that it is only accessible from two elevators, the floors are twisted so far that the core walls run parallel to the facade surfaces and parallel to the floor edges;
  • Figure 2c is a floor above the highest, still served by the third elevator floor, in which the floor surface is rotated relative to Figure 2B, by an angle which is reached only after several floors; the floor of Fig. 2c, wherein additionally a circle around the core is shown in dashed lines, to show that various relevant for the supply of the building elements are arranged close to the core in this radius;
  • FIG. 18 is a plan view of a floor of a rectangular building with a core according to the invention.
  • Figure 19 is a more detailed drawing for a core with two additionally arranged outside the core, opening into the elevator vestibule lifts;
  • Figure 20 is a ground floor plan view of a core of Figure 19 using
  • Figure 21 shows a lateral offset of elevator doors relative to the elevator car center
  • Fig. 22 is a floor plan view of a twisted high-rise building employing a core according to the present invention but with balconies arranged on only two sides and the building interior covered by the facade forming a general rectangle with uneven sides;
  • FIG. 23 shows a further floor plan of a twisted high-rise building which uses a core according to the invention, but only on two sides are balconies arranged, and the building inner surface covered by the facade forms a general rectangle with uneven sides, but the length differences of the sides of the rectangle of the facade inner surface rectangle encompassed by the facade are more pronounced than in the plan of FIG. 22.
  • Figure 1 shows a twisted high-rise building as a special architectural form which, as will be explained, has a generally quadrangular core and a plurality of floors.
  • one floor can be reached via here up to three elevators 2a, 2b, 2c and via two separate staircases 3a, 3b, to each of which a forced ventilation system 3al or 3b1 is assigned and each have separate vestibules 3a2, 3b2, each with separate forced ventilation 3a3, 3b3.
  • a forced ventilation system 3al or 3b1 is assigned and each have separate vestibules 3a2, 3b2, each with separate forced ventilation 3a3, 3b3.
  • an elevator 2 a, 2 b including the fire brigade elevator 2 b is arranged on the two corners 5 a 1, a 2 bordering on a first core inner side 5 a of the core 5, and on the opposite inner side of 5 b of the core 5 are the two staircases 3 a , 3b provided as spatially and fire protection technically completely separate interleaved scissor staircases, with their associated staircase pre-3a2, 3b2 separated by these associated forced ventilation shafts 3a3, 3b3 and wherein a corridor 6 between the staircase antechambers 3a2, 3b2 on the one hand and on the other hand the elevators 2a, 2b is guided. This corridor is depressurized via shaft 9c.
  • FIG. 2a six residential units without a core circulating around the core 5 can be opened up to here from the uniaxial corridor.
  • four supports 4a 1, 4a2, 4a3 and 4a4 are provided in the individual housing units, which are arranged near the facades in the interior enclosed by the facade surface 7 at the corners and indeed in the illustrated floor in FIG Extension of the center 5z of the core 5, while a second group supports 4b 1-4b8 in this floor in extension of the core walls 5a (core outer walls connecting the lifts), 5b (staircase core outer wall) and 5c (core outer wall adjacent to the firing elevator shaft rear) and 5d (core outer wall adjacent to the shaft rear of the second elevator).
  • the corners of the core 5 are referred to in the counterclockwise direction, beginning in the corner of the edges 5a / 5d as 5a 1, 5a2, 5a3 and 5a4.
  • a large A is readjusted, i. this part is called 5dA.
  • the part of the wall on the opposite side of the stairwell is called 5dT.
  • the wall 5c in Figs. 5cA and 5cT is referred to the firefighter elevator side part.
  • Diagram struts 7al, 7a2, 7a3, 7a4, 7a5, 7a6, 7a7 and 7a8, which lead from the supports 4b 1 - 4b8 as part of an outtrigger construction to the core walls, as part of a via several floors extending Outtrigger construction, the details of which are in the parallel application mentioned here as well as to the arrangement of the supports (one near the corners and thus close to the outer circle of the floor space and the other near the inner circle in the floor surfaces) and to their winding in the opposite direction in two groups around the skyscraper to achieve greater stability.
  • FIG. 2c and 2d, and 2a also show that in the housing units exemplified large spatial units can be formed by that From the facade to the inside walls are first led away vertically and then closer to the core on the one hand corridors, and preferably parallel to the facade are provided, and otherwise close to the core small room units such as guest toilets, storage rooms, pantries and rooms that no regular Require cross-section, because they are intended for use with small-area furniture or are equipped with small facilities such as shower baths, toilets, etc.
  • an inner wall is also considered if, for example, as shown in Fig. 10a, 10b, 10c or 10d, smaller sprawling adjoining rooms, such as for a façade near Haustechnik- equipment room includes.
  • the floor surfaces have balconies, as they are exemplified for the four residential units of Figure 2b as 8a, 8b, 8c and 8d.
  • the edges of the floor surfaces are not rectilinear, as shown at 8dl and 8b, respectively, but have an inwardly leading corner as notch K to give a more architecturally pleasing view in the rotated skyscraper of Figure 1.
  • the point k is in the plan over all floors in the same place, i. its position relative to the core is vertically unchanged across all floors.
  • the notch can be used as a near-core location of a construction crane with short anchor struts to the crane shaft, may be mentioned.
  • Such shaft anchors are shorter by about 7m than outside the notch K.
  • the building services shafts provided on the outer walls 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d of the core are also not critical for the use and planning. These lie, as shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b, at least substantially within one about the center 5z, i.
  • the core 5 of the skyscraper 1 shown in Figure 1 is described below with reference to Figure 4 in its expression for the lower levels of a particularly high-rise building and thus with attached to the core third elevator 9.
  • fire protection requirements, static requirements, safety requirements and so on are specified and / or insofar reference is made to dimensions, it should be noted that these are correspondingly stated may vary from country to country, with consequences for wall thicknesses, reinforcement and the like and / or because other distances from exits to anterooms etc. are required. Nevertheless, it will be clear that the skilled person will nonetheless easily be able to adapt corresponding information, as given by way of example with regard to the German model high-rise guideline, which easily facilitates the basic nature of the core proposed here. In particular, it will be appreciated that the core can be easily adapted if stairwell forecourt forced ventilation is not required and / or stairwell vestibules are considered to be expendable altogether.
  • the core 5 is provided with the two staircases 3a, 3b, which are interleaved, but the staircases are completely separated from each other.
  • the fire resistance of the walls, floors, etc. provided between the stairwells is designed so that the stairwells withstand at least 2 hours of fire.
  • the stairs run parallel to the wall 5b with 1.20m sufficiently wide pedestals 3a5, 3b5, which also allow a larger group of people to flee from higher floors without mutual disabilities.
  • In the outer corners 5a3, 5a4 compressed air supply shafts are here with 1 m 2 large outflow openings in the staircases.
  • One of the staircases is supplied from the shaft 9a, the other stairway 3b from the shaft 9b.
  • outlet openings are provided on the shaft walls facing the stairway. It is injected so high a pressure in the shafts that in case of fire, smoke from one floor can not even from the corridor on the vestibule into the stairwell, if both doors of the vestibule are open at the same time, and that sufficient for the required number of people with air supply useful breathing air is ensured.
  • overpressure air flows at a speed of 2 m / sec from the stairwell into the corridor.
  • NEN also for this door results then an air flow from the stairwell in the stairwell.
  • the staircase antechambers 3a2, 3b2 can be separated from one another by two forced ventilation shafts 3a3, 3b3.
  • the recoverable for forced ventilation of the stairwell vestibules air volume is not readily sufficient for accurate control, in turn keller music, roof side and / or in the middle of the building a compressed air feed into the forced ventilation ducts 3a3 and 3b3 done.
  • FIG. 5 now shows that in such an arrangement, the distance from the center of the stairwell door to the intermediate door, ie from 3a7 to 3a6 or from 3b7 to 3b6, has a considerable length. This is required in terms of fire protection, in order to prevent one and the same person of good will, but technically low expertise in the event of fire, both doors for subsequent stay simultaneously, which could endanger the smoke removal of the escape routes. According to the pattern high-rise guideline, this distance should be 3 m; the Swiss regulations require only 2.30 m, while the USA and GB completely do without the vestibules.
  • staircase vestibules are to be force-ventilated from separate shafts, the approximately 0.5 2 large openings that are led out of the antechamber bleeding channels into the staircase antechambers are advantageously arranged within the core, so that core wall openings are not required on each floor and no horizontal ducts on each floor. This allows a structurally simple design without having to run through the thick core outer walls in addition possibly static critical manner.
  • the staircase forced ventilation ducts or shafts 9a, 9b are also guided within the core and provided with openings to the staircase and thus only within the core.
  • the corridor ventilation shaft is provided in the present example, which allows venting of the over-pressure air fed in via the staircase and / or the staircase antechambers. This can be smashed out any smoky air from the antechambers of the stairwells or the vestibule of the fire brigade and pushed back into a corridor ventilation shaft or even in the fire.
  • a compressed air supply s shaft is provided for supplying compressed air into the fire shaft and, via this, in the elevator vestibules.
  • the arrangement of the corridor ventilation duct 9c would not have to be on the same side as the compressed air supply s 9d for the fire brigade 2b, but instead the corridor vent could be arranged on the side 5dT, it is preferred corridor vent s shaft andorderaufzug- compressed air supply shaft on the same core wall outside, so 5c, to install.
  • the walls of the fire brigade air supply duct 9 d and the corridor ventilation duct 9 c are formed in the wall thickness REI90 required for the required fire safety and can be bricked.
  • the walls of the core are fire walls and for static reasons 60cm to 80cm thick.
  • the two Treppenvorraumten 3a7 and 3b7 lead to the corridor and are located closer to the center, so that they are again in the closed state parallel to the walls 5b and 5a and open against the shaft wall of the forced ventilation ducts 3a3, 3b3 strike.
  • the corridor extends uniaxially through the core walls 5c and 5d, the corridor need not extend far beyond the core, but only on one side, namely the corridor ventilation / firefighters ventilation side so far that in addition to the width of the ventilation s shafts 9c / 9d still a flat entrance door 10A or 10T can be accommodated.
  • the width is only slightly larger than required for a residential entrance door.
  • the corridor has a length outside the core of only 1.80 m at 50 cm clear depth for the pressure relief shaft and 20 cm for the thickness of its wall.
  • the corridor At the other end of the corridor are in the illustrated embodiment, but what, as is apparent from the above, is not mandatory, also three apartment entrance doors 11A, 1 IE, 1 IT provided. If the door does not have 1 IT, the corridor can be reduced by about 1,50m to point U.
  • the entrance door 11 A is located directly next to the core outer wall 5dA.
  • the corner 5al thus belongs to the corresponding residential unit, but although the elevator 2a drives along this corner, the thicker core wall at the same time ensures good soundproofing.
  • the room entrance door 1 IT is not immediately adjacent to the portion 5dT of the core, but is separated therefrom by a MEP tray assembly 9e, 9f.
  • a MEP tray assembly 9e, 9f In the duct 9e, electric wires such as power, antenna cables, data, telecommunication and so forth are routed.
  • the shaft 9f In the shaft 9f are lines for hot water, cold water, gray water, rainwater from Baikon and roof, sprinklers and so on.
  • conditioned room air is generated decentrally and therefore does not require a vertical supply line.
  • FIG. 6 in the elevator svorraum 12c, from the section shown all three elevators are accessible, see. It can be seen that the third elevator 2c is arranged closer to the first elevator 2a than to the fire brigade elevator 2b. The reason for this, in turn, is to increase the distances from the firefighter access door to other entrances. This is useful if a national standard stipulates that these distances should be kept to a certain minimum. The distances indicated in Fig. 6, but not required to be complied with by all national or regional building standards, do not result in corresponding restrictions in other countries. Where the corresponding restriction is uncritical or different or dispensed with, there are further possibilities. These will be described with reference to further figures.
  • the elevator antechamber 12c is flowed over the compressed air shaft 9d and the shaft of the fire brigade elevator 2b via suitable passage openings.
  • the compressed air thus supplied can also flow out via the corridor ventilation and the associated shaft 9c in the event of a possibly open door 12a.
  • the supply of dwelling units with electricity and water, conditioned air, etc. takes place from outside the core, so that the number of core breaks and other disturbances of the core is reduced; the core must have openings only for the air supply of the fire shaft every few floors, as well as for the corridor passages and for the MEP supply of the core interior and the opposite floor side. But there are at most six breakthroughs in the high thrust loaded Lintel Beams required and these are also regularly limited to 100mm. Thus, regardless of the compact form, a particularly favorable, easily changed core shape design is proposed during planning. The examination of the necessary dimensions shows that the core can be realized as a square core on a base area of approximately 8.7 mx 8.7 m.
  • the stability of the core is, even by the low disturbances, so high that at the given high-rise heights of z. B. 170 m and additional load-bearing columns with little effort
  • Outrigger- wall thicknesses for the core of only 45 cm at least low reinforcement are necessary. Although this is more than necessary for the fire resistance of 3 hours, but given the buildings in the said height and preferred spans of z. B. 24 mx 24 m given loads very low.
  • the accordingly achievable area efficiency is high.
  • the building efficiency is, as already stated, among others, characterized by the number of available elevators and the comfort requirements, in particular with regard to waiting times during load peaks depending on comfort expectations in the upper tower area.
  • the firefighter's hoist can be chosen with a capacity between 1.0 t - 2 t and can be provided for speeds between 4 - 7 m / s. Typical are about 1.5 t and 5 m / sec.
  • the manhole dimensions are typically around 2.5 mx 3 m, or 2.0 mx 2.70 m, for inner wall thicknesses typically around 25 cm, the thickness of which must be at least partially resisted by the fire resistance of 90-120 minutes , is determined.
  • the described 3 elevators reach their comfort limits with an average of 2.3 persons per apartment and 4 apartments per floor with 52 seconds average waiting time and an HC5 of 8% in the prevailing morning rush hour (85 % outgoing traffic, 2 to 3 apartments per floor in the upper third, 4 apartments in the middle third and 6 apartments in the lower third).
  • the described arrangement uses optimal nesting, and in particular the arrangement of parts of the building services on the outside core optimally available core area, although both in the elevator lobby, as to pass through the corridor as well as in terms of corridor length results in a visually appealing design and the area efficiency is particularly high.
  • MEP shafts do not have to have openings through the solid core walls to supply the individual floors, there is both dimensional optimization, which does not have to take any account of static repercussions on the main supporting core, and easy re-planability even in late planning phases allows.
  • the decentralized ventilation concept described is particularly advantageous insofar as it is necessary to work with only one mechanic shaft and at the same time the breakthroughs in the door lintels can be limited to 100 mm. This leads to door lintels without push-bearing massive steel components and without thickening the width compared to the already thin walls. However, since the essential elements of the building services are accessible from the corridor, the maintenance is particularly simplified and thus the maintenance cheaper. To reach the core only from the apartments through inspection openings are still some of the sewers and / or rainwater pipes form.
  • notch will typically be generally perpendicular and thus also fixed relative to the core.
  • elevators along the notch, either lower floors, e.g. for office use, to be developed and / or express lifts, for instance to premium apartments on the top floors.
  • the elevators may possibly even be arranged within a shaft, which in turn runs along the notch; but guiding in shafts is not mandatory.
  • the core shown has the advantage that on its basis adjustments can be made quickly and easily not only during later phases of a building design, but also once designed buildings can be modified with little effort to build in other countries. It can be responded to local variations of safety regulations particularly well.
  • Fig. 11 shows that in a country such as Switzerland, where the lock-like staircase vestibule may be made shorter than in Germany, the space won, for example, can be used to pass a portion of the MEP supply lines through the core, as exemplified for electrical lines and for depressurizing the corridor (center).
  • Fig. 12a shows such a modification for Anglo-Saxon countries in which the escape staircases need not have antechambers.
  • the core can be trained together with smaller; In order to achieve greater stability in the lower part of higher buildings, if required according to a selected building height, the wall thickness of the core outer walls could be increased.
  • FIG. 12b shows a reduced core with a third elevator opening into the core.
  • This third elevator night is, what can be realized problem-free, formed in the shaft cross-section so that it carries static.
  • the inner walls for the other two elevator shafts are also formed in in-situ concrete. These core inner walls are here in extension of the shaft walls of the third elevator shaft.
  • FIG. 13a shows a detail of a core, as shown in cross-section in FIG. 2b by way of example.
  • a larger fire brigade elevator and a small passenger elevator with a common vestibule which is separated by a double door from the corridor, provided on a core side.
  • FIG. 13b shows a corresponding core, wherein "piggyback" is arranged at the core with a third elevator in the same elevator vestibule, which does not otherwise have to serve the entire height of the high-rise.
  • Figure 13c shows a comparable detail of a core on which "piggyback" two elevators are provided, both having passages to the elevator lobby provided for the firefighter elevator and the core elevator for both elevator doors are typically reinforced at the elevator doors each by a reinforced, rigid crashes between and / or arranged parallel to the passage reinforcements to avoid excessive weakening of the core at the Lintel-beams of the openings.
  • the rigid support D should be> 80 cm wide and preferably> 1 m.
  • Figure 13d shows the arrangement of three elevators side by side, which open together from a core outside in the same antechamber. The individual passages are separated from each other, the intermediate rigid support D and the falls are heavily reinforced. In order to make room for these three juxtaposed and opening into the vestibule lifts, previously provided in the interior of the core, still the still inner core arranged firefighter elevator opposite smaller elevator is also moved to the outside of the core.
  • FIG. 13f provides an even larger waiting room with an arrangement that is expanded by two elevators compared to FIG. 13e. This is particularly advantageous in office buildings, where particularly large flows of people can be expected. It should be noted that with such a large number of elevators, a destination code is particularly advantageous.
  • one or more elevators - in FIG. 13f two - elevators are now arranged on the staircase side corridor side.
  • an arrangement according to FIGS. 13 a to 1 d can also be chosen in any combination as a basis.
  • the space of the vestibule can be further enlarged by the space of the two staircase antechambers, since no staircase anterooms are needed on the ground floor smoke-free escape routes, and thus exist on the ground floor other ways of stair access design.
  • Figure 14a shows how four residential units can be developed on a corridor side and it will be appreciated that given the core dimensions given, the corresponding associated, especially near-core, apartments will still be of sufficient size, particularly where shown between the two Doors on a corridor side provided wall is not performed in direct continuation straight on the facade.
  • Fig. 14b shows how on a corridor end with the least additional space required also four apartments can be developed with a substantially straight-line corridor.
  • Fig. 14c shows, as in the four-elevation variant of Fig. 13c, above the area in which the fourth elevator (ie the second "piggyback" on the core outer wall guided elevator ends), a short corridor opening two apartments or units of use can be arranged with pressure relief E It is possible to protect this short corridor with a door against the elevator svorraum, which may be necessary for fire protection reasons.
  • This reinforcement by the third elevator shaft and the associated (inner) walls is advantageous.
  • torsional moments of direct load are critical in a high-rise building, on the other hand, the forces caused by wind on the building must be taken into account.
  • the moments of torsional momentum increase linearly downwards, ie to the base of the building, while the forces increase quadratically due to wind downwards.
  • the respective absolute values of the forces also increase in each case depending on the tower height.
  • stiffening vorraumcast cores advantageous and preferred stiffening measure massive walls for the third elevator shaft, possibly in conjunction with continuation of the guided perpendicular to the core outer wall walls of the third elevator shaft to the inside by reinforced in-situ concrete walls of the other two shafts - even with slightly larger cores, the staircase trees have, is possible, should be mentioned.
  • the additional costs due to the additional stiffening are also low, because on the one hand, the additional material costs are low and on the other hand, only a little time is additionally required to concretise the stiffening structures.
  • At least a third elevator is provided for at least a part of the floors, whereby at least three elevators preferably lead into the same vestibule on certain floors and this third elevator has a shaft which adjoins one Core outer wall borders, which is broken for the elevator access.
  • At least part of the height in particular to at least a quarter of the height of the building, at least the shaft walls are concreted, particularly preferably in continuation of the then likewise preferably concreted elevator door side shaft walls of the other two elevator shafts, so as one
  • stiffening and / or reinforcement of the building which is particularly preferred for buildings with heights over 110m, especially over 120m, and even greater benefits when the buildings are over 140m high, especially when the buildings are twisted.
  • the skyscraper is a residential skyscraper, preferably a residential skyscraper with a uniaxial corridor for the main development of e.g. up to eight, preferring only up to six apartments on a variety of floors in extension of the, between the stairwell area and the elevators run, straight corridor.
  • a multiplicity of building services lines and / or shafts may be provided outside the core, which are preferably parallel to and along an outer core wall, more preferably at least substantially, preferably at least 75%, of the cross-sectional area. more preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90% of their
  • Cross-sectional area within a circumference around the entire core cross-section, preferably within the circumference around a core having a generally square cross-section, preferably the HaustechnikJchte comprise at least one and preferably all of vent bay for the smoke venting of the corridor, convenientlyaufzug- air shaft, sewers, mechanics shaft and electric shaft, and / or wherein the core outer wall side a shaft arrangement for mechanical and electrical supply of the floors is provided, the mechanics shaft is opened from the beyond the core outer wall extending corridor and the electric shaft through the vertically open, preferably passable mechanics shaft accessible via a stage is.
  • bypass corridor-free floors can be developed, in particular at least 10, preferably 25, in particular preferably at least 30 floors, which are free from a corridor free of the core, whereby preferred Housing units are provided in a bypass corridor-free floor, which have a plurality of separate room units, some of which are provided for the installation of furniture with a minimum size of 2 x 1 m, preferably at least 2 x 2 m, and smaller utility areas are provided in in which no furniture of said size is required, in particular guest toilets, storage rooms, pantry and cloakrooms, and wherein the housing units are led to the facade, the room units provided for large furniture close to the façade with generally vertically away from the facade walls, preferably with walls, the with a length of at least 3 m, preferably at least 3.5 m, preferably 4 m, max.
  • a twisted high-rise building in particular when it is built with the third or fourth elevator shaft reinforced at least to about 25% of its height, may preferably have supports for relieving the core within the apartments, and in particular - as when using the other one Kerns with Treppenhausvor cons also - the use in a twisted high-rise building is then particularly preferred if it has at least two groups of opposing columns, as described in the applicant's co-pending application. This parallel application is fully incorporated for disclosure purposes.
  • Fig. 15 a is shown by way of example a reinforcement for a core wall, in a 175 m high twisted - and otherwise with opposing supports as disclosed in the not yet disclosed, pending application of the present inventor - dwelling house, near the corners and near the passage, the reinforcement rods are covered with brackets. Parallel to the corridor breakthrough, a zone of intensive reinforcement with 28 mm steel bars near the breakthrough and a little further 12 mm minimum reinforcement are planned. These run along the passage forming columns. It should be noted that primarily the thrust may be more static critical. Also reinforced is the passage lintel (Lintel-B eam), as shown in Fig. 15b can be seen.
  • Fig. 15c shows that the reinforcement in the fall can be arranged so that between groups of, for example, four rods with diameters of 12mm at a distance of 50mm, which serve for reinforcement, respectively
  • FIG. 16 shows how an outrigger is provided approximately centrally in a skyscraper with 51 floors can.
  • the bending reinforcement is determined by the offset of wind or torsional thrust and increases linearly with the size of the passage opening, as well as with the tower height, which act in the tower base the greater forces, the higher the tower.
  • the composite of the ceiling (deck) increases the load capacity.
  • the thrust-bearing capacity of the Lintel beam which was cut down by domestic engineering breakthroughs per se, is.
  • the supporting residual area still available for the shear capacity is marked hatched (Q-Sch).
  • an outrigger is arranged at a medium height, the latter extending diagonally inwards toward the core from supports arranged further out in the building.
  • the Outrigger can e.g. from supports of the inner group to the core.
  • the preferred outrigger only travels down to the core, in particular to a corner of the core, with one diagonal per support;
  • the diagonal runs in each case in a core wall plane.
  • an upper-belt reinforcement in the floor slab leads to the core.
  • the reinforcement of the diagonal preferably runs in the plane in which the core wall is located.
  • a corresponding anchor bar A-Balk is shown in FIG. 17 in the plane of the core wall.
  • passages 17Dul- 17Du4 remain free on the floors next to the diagonals, which may even allow the use of the floor space even to living space or office space.
  • the initial orientation of the floor area to the core and the rotation of the supports of the inner group relative to the core are chosen that at the desired height of the outriggers, the columns, from which the diagonals are to be guided onto the core, lie as exactly as possible in extension of the walls of the core, so that also arranged in the corresponding floor ceiling reinforcement from the core corners to the columns in extension of the core walls which increases the stability with otherwise identical design compared to other orientations.
  • the Outrigger arrangement needs to be guided diagonally down to the core with a thickness of only about 45 cm over three floors. It should be noted that per se shorter diagonals, for example, could be implemented over only two floors, but at least in the high-rise here exemplified by the "outrigger" walls should be up to about 1 m thick Walls, however, remain thin with only 45cm.It is regarded as particularly advantageous in high-rise buildings, which are provided in the face of expected wind loads or the like with "outriggers" and possibly even twisted and in which possibly even more columns groups with at least two rotating against each other, ie are provided in opposite directions around the building winding props to withdraw a diagonal construction over more than two floors, preferably not more than five floors, especially three floors to the core.
  • the preferred variant with a square core, square base floors, a span of up to 27.5 m and eight inner columns allow for diagonals extending over three floors to provide an extremely small and slender core with a reinforcement, which above the Outrigger and over many floors also below the same 0.6% minimum reinforcement as the core wall surface reinforcement must not exceed in the case of core wall thicknesses, which are otherwise virtually inferior in high-rise construction.
  • These unusually low degrees of reinforcement are shown in FIG. 16. This is extremely low especially for skyscrapers with twisted and / or slender and / or compact geometry.
  • the building shown in FIG. 18 may have, for example, a 55m x 25m footprint, which may be considered as a reasonable maximum for residential buildings or 60m x 35m footprint for office buildings, preferably providing stabilizing panes preferably parallel to the core such that the Corridors lead vertically through them and on which also outrigger diagonals are guided.
  • Elongated buildings can be made highly efficient by exploiting the principles described here for the core. Efficiencies of 87% for NLA / GLA (net leasable area / large leasable area) for office buildings with a floor area of 60m X 35m or 86% for residential buildings with floor areas of 55m X 25m can be realized.
  • FIG. 20 shows a ground floor plan for the building, of which a higher floor with four elevators is shown in FIG. 19 (but in FIG.
  • the elevator counterweights would be arranged differently if access to the "piggyback lifts" It can be seen that such an arrangement, especially on the ground floor, allows different directions for access to and exit from the elevators, ie persons waiting for elevators from the persons exiting the elevators through more than one door in the elevator It should be noted that, although the arrows are drawn, which can take the streams of people, but that the corresponding wall openings, etc. are not shown for reasons of clarity.However, it can be seen that the elevator vestibule thus formed is much more spacious.
  • Figure 21 shows, moreover, that the doors of the outside arranged along the core wall elevators need not be provided with centrally arranged to the cabin doors, but preferably the axes Kab and t are offset as shown in order to achieve the widest possible dimension St of the rigid center strut , For two elevator doors and the middle support, often no more than 3m will be available.
  • desired elevator treads of> 90cm
  • the offset between the axes Kab and t shown is advantageous because it allows the statically desired flexural rigidity of the support to be more easily achieved by virtue of its width of over 80 cm and better around or over 100 cm width.
  • the length V-total without the rigid support would represent a very weak Lintel beam, which is why usually also an additional reinforcement is provided here, typically up to the constructive still installable maximum reinforcement.
  • FIGS. 22 and 23 show floor plans of twisted high-rise buildings with a core designed according to the invention, but the facades do not comprise an exact square, but a rectangular shape deviating therefrom. It is understood that the illustrated floor above the Ground floor is arranged and shows the development of the floor space of a straight, running through the core corridor from. It will be appreciated that the useful area shown will be divided by suitable partitions in different housing units, which in turn must be accessible via separate entrance doors.
  • a floor plan of a twisted high-rise building is shown in Fig. 22, wherein according to floor plan an area within the facade of 25m x 30m is included and only along the two 30m long facade sides balconies are arranged. In these balconies, as shown, a notch which emphasizes the building torsion can be provided.
  • the outer corner supports in the plan view of Fig. 22 are offset from floor to floor in the same sense of rotation as the building floor, while the inner columns forming a second group oppose for the reasons mentioned in the copending application This rotation will run, which will also lead to an arrangement generally on an ellipse at desired facade Fadedaher arrangement of these supports.
  • a close to the facade arrangement of the supports and thus an ellipse instead of a circular shape of the inner supports ensures that the critical deformations of the facade line remain as low as possible.
  • the facade is particularly sensitive to movement.
  • the plan view shown in Figure 23 corresponds to that of Figure 22 largely, but it will be slightly larger spans realized at the same balcony widths.
  • the usability of the floor surfaces is improved insofar as the total area is divisible into a larger number of for residential purposes as sufficiently large and sensibly cut units.
  • the distances between the façade and the inner walls, which are particularly far away from it, remain so short that a slightly reduced incidence of light compared with smaller-sized buildings remains easily acceptable.
  • the larger number of dwellings made possible by the two floor plan variants of FIGS. 22 and 23 is self-explanatory, even in relatively unfavorably rotated floors (as shown) with preferably short corridors out of a compact core exemplary arrangement of possible entrance doors shows.
  • the arrangement of the doors illustrates that the plan requires only an area-efficient linear corridor that does not have to run around the core to access a variety of residential units. While retaining the many advantages of the core, another variant with fewer balconies is thus possible, in which, with only a slightly longer corridor, significantly more residential units can be developed, which makes it possible to offer smaller housing units.
  • a rather square floor plan as shown in other embodiments has on 24mx24m ground plan advantage, however, if only 6 to 7 apartments per floor to be realized, so rather apartments with around 83m3 average size.
  • the storey heights will be from about 2.8m, but a storey height preferably over 3m, more preferably between 3.2 m and max. 3.4 m. This is ideal in terms of the number of stages, the necessary length of the elevator vestibules, etc., especially in residential buildings, to adapt the corresponding mass chains to each other.
  • the skyscraper offers special advantages from a height of about 60 m, because typically from this height a second independent escape escape escalator is required, and that it is further preferred if the skyscraper from 100 m 130 m, because then further benefits are obtained by the combination with the Outrigger, the thin walls or the given possibilities for elevator sanitation. Preference will also skyscrapers below 240 m, more preferably below 200 m.
  • a skyscraper having at least one generally quadrangular core and a plurality of floors containing up to three elevators with entrance to the core including a firefighter elevator and two separate separately ventilated staircases with separate, preferably separate Ventilation ventilated anterooms are accessible, it being provided that at two, adjacent to a first inner side inside corners inside the core each one elevator including the fire brigade elevator is arranged along the opposite inner side of the staircases are nested together, their associated vestibules suftmontungs by their compulsion Manholes are separated, with staircase vestibules and preferably also Forced ventilation shafts are also in the core, and that between staircase anterooms and elevators a corridor is provided, which leads from the core to the floors.
  • a skyscraper as disclosed above disclosed or disclosed as advantageous, advantageously being further provided that it is a residential skyscraper, preferably a residential skyscraper with a uniaxial hallway of up to six major openings Apartments on a variety of floors in extension of the, between the staircase-anterooms and the elevators led, straight corridor.
  • a skyscraper as disclosed above disclosed or disclosed as advantageous, wherein it is advantageously provided that a third elevator is arranged outside the core, preferably with one in the antechamber for the im Inner inner guided fire-brigade lift and inside the second inner elevator guided second door, particularly preferably offset laterally away from the fire brigade door, and / or with a lying below the attic height, preferably with above the maximum height of the third elevator from the elevator lobby via an additional auxiliary corridor developed housing units , wherein in at least one floor at least one, preferably at least two housing units are opened from the auxiliary corridor and this auxiliary corridor is substantially rectilinear.
  • a skyscraper as disclosed above as disclosed or disclosed as advantageous, wherein it is advantageously or further advantageously provided that the multiplicity of floors is at least 35, particularly preferably at least 45, more preferably not more than 55, more preferably not more than 60 has tapped over the core floors, preferably at least 40 floors with a clear room height between 2.55 m and 3.1 m, and / or wherein the high-rise building has a total height of at least 100 m, preferably at least 150 m , particularly preferably at least 160 m, and preferably not more than 200 m up to the upper edge of the highest living floor cover and / or has a slenderness of at least 10, in particular at least 15, preferably at least 17, in particular at least 18, and / or wherein in a plurality from floors above 25 m above ground, the (minimal) extent of an outer surface through the K center on the opposite outer surface not more than 28 m, preferably not more than 27.5 m, more preferably
  • a skyscraper as disclosed above as disclosed or disclosed as advantageous, wherein it is advantageously provided further that the ventilation ducts provided for the staircases are arranged in core inner corners, wherein preferably the staircases close by Core wall from the antechambers into the stairwell leading doors are accessible and preferably the antechambers are guided by the core center along the corridor and enterable by doors, which lie next to the shaft for the arranged between the anterooms forecourt compulsion ventilation.
  • a skyscraper as disclosed above disclosed or disclosed as advantageous, wherein advantageous or further advantageous provided that the two inner side provided, arranged with facing doors facing a common vestibule is assigned and Preferably, between this and the corridor, a double door is arranged, of which the fire brigade closer, preferably automatically locked in case of fire.
  • a skyscraper as disclosed above as disclosed or disclosed, wherein it is advantageously provided that a plurality of building services lines and / or shafts are provided outside the core, which are preferred are guided parallel to and along a core outer wall are particularly preferably at least substantially, preferably at least 75% of the cross-sectional area, more preferably at least 80, more preferably at least 90% of its cross-sectional area within a radius around the entire core cross-section, preferably within the circumference around a core are arranged with generally square cross-section, wherein preferably the building services shafts comprise at least one and preferably all of ventilation duct for the smoke venting of the corridor, fire-fighters duct, sewers, mechanics shaft and electric shaft.
  • a high-rise as disclosed above disclosed as disclosed or disclosed as advantageous is advantageously provided or further advantageous that the core outer wall side a shaft arrangement for mechanical and electrical supply of the floors is provided, the mechanics shaft from above The core outer wall extending out corridor is opened from and the electric shaft through the vertically open, preferably passable mechanics shaft on a stage is entered.
  • a twisted high-rise as disclosed above as disclosed is formed with a generally quadrangular, preferably square core and a plurality of bypass corridor-free floors , in particular at least 10, preferably 25, in particular preferably at least 30, of a corridor free of the core corridor.
  • a skyscraper as disclosed in the preceding paragraph as disclosed or disclosed as advantageous, wherein it is further advantageously provided that in a corridor-free floor residential units are provided, which have a plurality of separate room units, of which Some are intended for the installation of furniture with a minimum size of 2 x 1 m, preferably at least 2 x 2 m, and wherein smaller utility areas are provided, in which no furniture of said size are needed, especially guest toilets, storage rooms, pantry and cloakrooms and wherein the housing units are led to the facade, wherein the room units provided for large furniture are close to the façade with walls generally perpendicularly away from the façade, preferably with walls having a length of at least 3 m, preferably at least 3.5 m, preferably 4 m, max. 5 m away from the facade, and where near the corridors and the large-scale furniture requiring room units are arranged.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne une tour comportant au moins une partie centrale en général rectangulaire et une pluralité d'étages qui peuvent être atteints par une pluralité d'ascenseurs et par deux cages d'escalier de préférence séparées à ventilation forcée. Les cages d'escalier sont imbriquées l'une dans l'autre sur le côté intérieur de la partie centrale, les ascenseurs sont agencés sur le côté opposé de la partie centrale et présentent des passages vers l'intérieur de la partie centrale, et un couloir de sortie hors de la partie centrale est ménagé entre les ascenseurs et les cages d'escalier.
PCT/EP2018/053938 2017-02-16 2018-02-16 Tour munie d'une partie centrale Ceased WO2018149994A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017202543.3A DE102017202543A1 (de) 2017-02-16 2017-02-16 Hochhaus mit Kern
DE102017202543.3 2017-02-16
DE102017202544.1 2017-02-16
DE102017202544.1A DE102017202544A1 (de) 2017-02-16 2017-02-16 Tordiertes Hochhaus mit Stützen
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US4098039A (en) 1976-02-02 1978-07-04 Sutelan Franklin S Multi-level building with prefabricated triangular cantilever units
JP2002097806A (ja) 2000-09-26 2002-04-05 Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd 高層集合住宅及び加圧防排煙方法
JP2003184331A (ja) 2001-12-20 2003-07-03 Ohbayashi Corp 中高層集合住宅の建物構造
DE202005015902U1 (de) 2005-10-07 2005-12-22 Hochtief Construction Ag Hochhaus mit Außenhülle, innerem Kern und Nutzbereich
WO2009097415A1 (fr) 2008-01-29 2009-08-06 Arup Procédé et système pour le gauchissement d'une structure de bâtiment
EP3098366A1 (fr) * 2015-05-25 2016-11-30 Xinjiang Tiandi Group Construction de jardin forestière urbain, groupe de bâtiment et procédé pour agencer des plates-formes d'élagage de suspension sur une structure multicouche

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FR2228907A1 (fr) * 1973-05-09 1974-12-06 Milh Alfred
US4098039A (en) 1976-02-02 1978-07-04 Sutelan Franklin S Multi-level building with prefabricated triangular cantilever units
JP2002097806A (ja) 2000-09-26 2002-04-05 Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd 高層集合住宅及び加圧防排煙方法
JP2003184331A (ja) 2001-12-20 2003-07-03 Ohbayashi Corp 中高層集合住宅の建物構造
DE202005015902U1 (de) 2005-10-07 2005-12-22 Hochtief Construction Ag Hochhaus mit Außenhülle, innerem Kern und Nutzbereich
WO2009097415A1 (fr) 2008-01-29 2009-08-06 Arup Procédé et système pour le gauchissement d'une structure de bâtiment
EP3098366A1 (fr) * 2015-05-25 2016-11-30 Xinjiang Tiandi Group Construction de jardin forestière urbain, groupe de bâtiment et procédé pour agencer des plates-formes d'élagage de suspension sur une structure multicouche

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102474827B1 (ko) * 2021-09-30 2022-12-06 디엘이앤씨 주식회사 트위스트 구조 건축물

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