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WO2018148460A1 - Flux d'eau modulé pour refroidissement adiabatique par passage unique - Google Patents

Flux d'eau modulé pour refroidissement adiabatique par passage unique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018148460A1
WO2018148460A1 PCT/US2018/017491 US2018017491W WO2018148460A1 WO 2018148460 A1 WO2018148460 A1 WO 2018148460A1 US 2018017491 W US2018017491 W US 2018017491W WO 2018148460 A1 WO2018148460 A1 WO 2018148460A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
adiabatic
pads
air
amount
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2018/017491
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Davey J. Vadder
Tom Byrne
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Evapco Inc
Original Assignee
Evapco Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Evapco Inc filed Critical Evapco Inc
Publication of WO2018148460A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018148460A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0035—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using evaporation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/0233—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with air flow channels
    • F28D1/024—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with air flow channels with an air driving element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B11/00—Controlling arrangements with features specially adapted for condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B5/00—Condensers employing a combination of the methods covered by main groups F28B1/00 and F28B3/00; Other condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D7/00—Devices using evaporation effects without recovery of the vapour

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to air cooled heat exchanges with adiabatic pads. DESCRIPTION OF THE BACKGROUND
  • Air-cooled heat exchangers remove heat from a working fluid by transferring that heat to the air.
  • Air-cooled heat exchangers typically consist of tubes connected to fins. The working fluid is sent through the inside of the tubes and the heat is conducted to the outside of the tubes and the fins. Air passing over the fins and tubes removes this heat; one or more fans are generally used to move the air.
  • the working fluid can be a liquid, a gas, a condensing refrigerant, or any other fluid that needs to have heat removed.
  • the tubes are typically constructed of copper, aluminum, or stainless steel but other metals and non-metals have been used. Fins are typically made from copper or aluminum but other thermally conductive materials have been used.
  • the temperature of the working fluid must be greater than the temperature of the air. The greater the temperature difference between the air and the working fluid the less is needed to remove the heat; hence the less fan horsepower is needed to move the air.
  • a known way to lower the ambient air temperature is by adiabatic cooling.
  • adiabatic cooling an amount of water is either sprayed in the air or over some open- mesh panels. The water evaporates and cools the air with the air dry-bulb temperature approaching the wet-bulb temperature.
  • the adiabatically-cooled air will have a higher humidity level and a lower dry-bulb temperature than the untreated air.
  • a lower dry-bulb temperature will allow cooling at a lower airflow or cooling the working fluid to a lower temperature both of which are desirable effects.
  • the water used for adiabatic cooling can either be once-through or recirculated.
  • an amount of water is sprayed into the air or on the panels.
  • the excess water that is not evaporated is sent to drain.
  • the excess water is mixed with fresh water and reused for evaporation.
  • the recirculating water must be periodically dumped and is prone to biological contamination and scale formation.
  • the recirculation equipment is costly and requires regular maintenance.
  • the amount of water sprayed is usually calculated to cool the air for "1% design-day” conditions.
  • Design-day conditions are the maximum temperature and humidity of the incoming air that the equipment will be able to meet performance specification (i.e., usually framed in terms of heat exchange capacity per size of heat exchanger). One percent refers to the fact that this condition will exist for only 1% of the time; 99% of the time it will be cooler than these conditions.
  • These "1% design day” conditions represent the maximum amount of water that will be evaporated. When using a panel system additional water will sometimes be used to flush out the salt that builds up on the panels as water evaporates from them.
  • the present invention is a method and system for conserving water in a dry (non-evaporative) adiabatic air cooled cooler-type heat exchanger.
  • dry and non-evaporative refer to a system in which the heat exchange coil is not intentionally wetted using a water distribution system aimed or otherwise directed at the coil and in which the only water used in the system is to pre-cool the air that is drawn over the coil.
  • this invention uses a simple feed-back system.
  • excess water needs to pass over the panels to flush away salts formed due to water evaporation.
  • the amount of water required for proper functioning of the panels is equal to the amount that will be evaporated plus a sufficient quantity to flush the pads. If insufficient water is being fed, the flush water exit flow rate from the panels will be too low; if excess water is being fed to the panels, the flush water exit flow rate from the panels will be too high.
  • the amount of flush water exiting from the panels can be measured by placing a simple flow sensor on the discharge from the panels. By adjusting the water input to the panels such that the proper amount of water is measured in the discharge flow meter from the panels, the ideal water input will be maintained for all conditions.
  • a low-flow, low pressure differential flow-meter may be located in the discharge from collection trays located underneath the water-saturated panels.
  • the quantity of flow may be fed to a controller (either a separate controller or one located in the modulating valve or flow meter).
  • the controller would operate a logic such as an on/off control or, preferable, a PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) controller.
  • a PID controller would allow small changes in the discharge flow rate to result in small changes in the valve open position.
  • Other logical systems could also be used.
  • the principle of the invention may also be used with a direct nozzle system (water is sprayed into the air as it approaches the tubes and the water evaporates from the air directly, instead of from pads, thus cooling the approaching air).
  • a direct nozzle system no excess water is needed to flush pads, and any water not evaporated from the air is wasted.
  • a sensor similar to rain-sensors used in automotive windshield wipers may be used, either with or without a collection tray placed below the nozzle sprays. If due to ambient condition all of the droplets from the spray are not evaporated, the excess moisture will be detected by the sensor and the valve supplying water to the nozzle can be partially closed to reduce the amount of spray water.
  • a panel system designed to operate with no excess water would also use this type of sensor.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of two padless V-type air cooled heat exchangers of the type that might be used in connection with the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a close up perspective view of the opposite ends of the two padless V-type air cooled heat exchangers shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a representation of the operation of a padless V-type air cooled heat exchanger of the type shown in Figures 1 and 2.
  • Figure 4 shows a perspective view of two V-type air cooled heat exchangers on which adiabatic pads have been mounted for pre-cooling the incoming air.
  • Figure 5 shows a close-up side cutaway view of one of the V-type air cooled heat exchangers shown in Figure 3.
  • Figure 6 is a representation of the operation of the V-type air cooled heat exchanger with adiabatic pre-cooling shown in Figures 4 and 5.
  • Figure 7a is a perspective view sketch of an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 7b is a more formal representation of the sketch of Figure 7a.
  • Figure 8a is a perspective view sketch of another embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 8b is a more formal representation of the sketch of Figure 8a.
  • FIGs. 1 and 2 An example of a V-shaped cooler is shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
  • a frame supports two coil bundles each comprising a plurality of horizontally arranged finned tubes in a V- shaped configuration. At one end of each tube bundle, the tubes are connected at an inlet end to an inlet header and to an outlet header. At an opposite end of each bundle, each horizontal tube is connected to an adjacent horizontal tube via a return bend.
  • a hot process fluid enters the inlet header via an inlet header connection and is then distributed to the tubes from the inlet header. Cooled fluid exits the tubes via an outlet header and returned to the process/system that headed the fluid.
  • the frame supports a plurality of fans at the top of the cooler and draws ambient air into the unit past the tubes and the fins and out the top of the unit.
  • Hot process fluid shown in red
  • the hot process fluid enters the inlet header via the inlet header connection. From the inlet header, the hot process fluid travels transversely across the heat exchanger, generally parallel to the horizontal. Heat from the process fluid dissipates through the coil tubes surface and out to the fins (not shown). Ambient air is drawn over the coil surface by the fans located at the top of the unit. Heat from the process fluid transfers to the air and discharged to the atmosphere. Cool process fluid, shown in blue, exits the unit through the outlet headers.
  • FIG. 4 An example of a V-shaped cooler with adiabatic pre-cooling pads is shown in Figs. 4 and 5.
  • a frame supports two coil bundles each comprising a plurality of horizontally arranged finned tubes in a V-shaped configuration. At one end of each tube bundle, the tubes are connected at an inlet end to an inlet header and to an outlet header. At an opposite end of each bundle, each horizontal tube is connected to an adjacent horizontal tube via a return bend.
  • a hot process fluid enters the inlet header via an inlet header connection and is then distributed to the tubes from the inlet header. Cooled fluid exits the tubes via an outlet header and returned to the process/system that headed the fluid.
  • Adiabatic pads are mounted along and spanning both sides of the unit left-to-right and top-to-bottom.
  • a water distribution system drips water onto the top of the pads to saturate them. Water that is not evaporated from the pads is collected at the bottom of the unit and either send to drain or recirculated back to the top of the unit and returned to the pads.
  • the frame supports a plurality of fans at the top of the cooler and draws ambient air into the unit through the saturated pads, past the tubes and the fins and out the top of the unit.
  • the hot process fluid travels transversely across the heat exchanger, generally parallel to the horizontal. Heat from the process fluid dissipates through the coil tubes surface and out to the fins (not shown).
  • the adiabatic system involves fully wetting a fibrous pad located in front of the coil. Ambient air is drawn through the adiabatic pre-cooling pad by the fans located on top of the unit. The air is humidified as it passes through the adiabatic pad, decreasing the dry bulb temperature within a few degrees of the wet bulb temperature. This new air temperature is referred to as the depressed dry bulb. This pre-cooled air is then drawn through the tube and fin surface, offering a substantial increase in heat rejection capability. Heat from the process fluid transfers to the air and discharged to the atmosphere.
  • Cool process fluid shown in blue, exits the unit through the outlet headers.
  • the water used to wet the adiabatic pads and which is not evaporated is collected at the bottom of the unit and recirculated to a water distribution system at the top of the pad.
  • the water used to wet the adiabatic pads and which is not evaporated is collected and sent to a drain.
  • FIGS 7a and 7b illustrate an embodiment of the invention in which the water usage of an air-cooled heat-exchanger with adiabatic panels may be controlled with a modulating valve and a flow sensor.
  • the present invention shown in Figures 7a and 7b is intended to be used in connection with any type of air-cooled heat exchanger with adiabatic pads, and particularly the type shown in Figures 4-5.
  • the panels are wetted by a drip pipe; water flow is controlled by a modulated valve.
  • the modulated valve opens to a pre-set position and holds that flow for sufficient time for the pads to be fully saturated. After that period the valve will be modulated based on the flow of discharge water as measured by the flow sensor. While a single sensor for both adiabatic panels is shown in the figures, an alternate embodiment may have each set of the panels operating off separate modulating valves and sensors.
  • Figures 8a and 8b illustrate an embodiment of the invention in which the water usage of a padless air-cooled heat-exchanger using a misting system (no adiabatic pads present) may be controlled with modulating valves and rain sensors.
  • Fans and other structural components are omitted for clarity, but the present invention shown in Figures 8a and 8b is intended to be used in connection with any type of air-cooled heat exchanger with adiabatic pads, and particularly the type shown in Figures 1-3.
  • spray nozzles spray a fine mist of water into the airstream.
  • the modulating valves open to a pre-set position and water is sprayed into the airstream.
  • a rain sensor is located in this area.
  • An alternative location for the sensor would be directly in the air stream such as on the fins or in the air discharge.
  • the sensor is connected to a controller which uses a logic sequence to adjust the spray so little to no excess water is used.
  • separate sensors and nozzles may be used to control each side of the spray system.
  • various different connections of the spray system may be employed which are well within the ability of the ordinary practitioner to design and implement.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un refroidisseur adiabatique à sec de type à passage unique comprenant un système de distribution d'eau, un capteur d'eaux usées et un dispositif de commande, où la quantité d'eaux usées, s'il y a, est détectée, et la quantité d'eau injectée dans un trajet d'écoulement d'air adjacent aux bobines dudit refroidisseur est ajustée de façon que la quantité d'eau détectée soit aussi proche de zéro que possible, ou, dans le cas où des tampons adiabatiques qui nécessitent un rinçage sont utilisés, de façon que seule la quantité d'eau nécessaire à éliminer le sel et autres minéraux par rinçage desdits tampons soit détectée.
PCT/US2018/017491 2017-02-08 2018-02-08 Flux d'eau modulé pour refroidissement adiabatique par passage unique Ceased WO2018148460A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201762456351P 2017-02-08 2017-02-08
US62/456,351 2017-02-08
US15/892,332 US20180231264A1 (en) 2017-02-08 2018-02-08 Modulated water flow for once-through adiabatic cooling
US15/892,332 2018-02-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018148460A1 true WO2018148460A1 (fr) 2018-08-16

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PCT/US2018/017491 Ceased WO2018148460A1 (fr) 2017-02-08 2018-02-08 Flux d'eau modulé pour refroidissement adiabatique par passage unique

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US (1) US20180231264A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018148460A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT201900018287A1 (it) 2019-10-09 2021-04-09 Aquatech S R L Apparato e Metodo di Scambio Termico
US12287120B2 (en) 2023-07-05 2025-04-29 Modine Manufacturing Company Adiabatic cooling system

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT201800011172A1 (it) * 2018-12-17 2020-06-17 Lu Ve Spa Procedimento di raffreddamento di tipo perfezionato e dispositivo per la realizzazione del detto procedimento.
CA3170165A1 (fr) * 2020-02-19 2021-08-26 Evapco, Inc. Echangeur de chaleur a double pile en v
US20220120478A1 (en) * 2020-10-21 2022-04-21 Heatcraft Refrigeration Products Llc Adiabatic condenser with split cooling pads
DK4050296T3 (da) * 2021-02-26 2023-04-24 Ovh Varmevekslersystem med et gitterpanel
KR20240124980A (ko) * 2021-12-17 2024-08-19 에밥코 인코포레이티드 공랭식 응축기 및 냉각기 단열 예냉 시스템용 비-전기기계식, 펌프리스 액체 재순환 시스템
US11920823B2 (en) 2022-01-26 2024-03-05 Hog Slat, Inc. Automated evaporative system flush
LV15791A (lv) 2022-05-02 2023-11-20 STRELITS-STRĒLE Jānis Adiabātiska priekšdzesēšanas sistēma V-tipa gaisa dzeses siltummainim
WO2025194173A1 (fr) * 2024-03-15 2025-09-18 Evapco, Inc. Système de refroidissement adiabatique multimode avec fonction de déluge

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US8584739B2 (en) * 2009-11-04 2013-11-19 United Metal Products, Inc. Adiabatic cooling unit
US20140374327A1 (en) * 2011-12-15 2014-12-25 The Water Initiative, Llc Method and apparatus for point of use water filtration
US20160066479A1 (en) * 2009-07-09 2016-03-03 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, Lp Cooling apparatus
US20160252313A1 (en) * 2013-10-22 2016-09-01 Güntner Gmbh & Co. Kg Actuating unit for a heat exchanger, heat exchanger, and a method for controlling a heat exchanger

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5492602A (en) * 1993-09-10 1996-02-20 Emerson Electric Co. Water purifier having a multi-level boiler tray
US20160066479A1 (en) * 2009-07-09 2016-03-03 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, Lp Cooling apparatus
US8584739B2 (en) * 2009-11-04 2013-11-19 United Metal Products, Inc. Adiabatic cooling unit
US20140374327A1 (en) * 2011-12-15 2014-12-25 The Water Initiative, Llc Method and apparatus for point of use water filtration
US20160252313A1 (en) * 2013-10-22 2016-09-01 Güntner Gmbh & Co. Kg Actuating unit for a heat exchanger, heat exchanger, and a method for controlling a heat exchanger

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT201900018287A1 (it) 2019-10-09 2021-04-09 Aquatech S R L Apparato e Metodo di Scambio Termico
EP3805684A1 (fr) 2019-10-09 2021-04-14 Aquatech S.r.l. Dispositif d'echange de chaleur et procédé
US12287120B2 (en) 2023-07-05 2025-04-29 Modine Manufacturing Company Adiabatic cooling system

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