WO2018147331A1 - 繊維強化樹脂シート - Google Patents
繊維強化樹脂シート Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018147331A1 WO2018147331A1 PCT/JP2018/004229 JP2018004229W WO2018147331A1 WO 2018147331 A1 WO2018147331 A1 WO 2018147331A1 JP 2018004229 W JP2018004229 W JP 2018004229W WO 2018147331 A1 WO2018147331 A1 WO 2018147331A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fiber
- prepreg
- reinforced resin
- resin sheet
- chopped
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/0405—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres
- C08J5/042—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres with carbon fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/003—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C43/34—Feeding the material to the mould or the compression means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/28—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer impregnated with or embedded in a plastic substance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/241—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres
- C08J5/243—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres using carbon fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fiber reinforced resin sheet that can be subjected to press molding. More specifically, it is excellent in the uniformity of the basis weight as a molding material capable of dense filling in the mold, and the volume content of the reinforcing fiber can be increased, so that a molded product having excellent mechanical properties can be obtained.
- the present invention relates to a fiber-reinforced resin sheet that can be suitably used for automobile structural materials, aircraft members, sports equipment, and the like.
- thermosetting resin included in discontinuous reinforcing fibers
- SMC Sheet Molding Compound
- the SMC is heated on a heater or mold, the resin component constituting the prepreg is melted, and then compressed in a mold that is temperature-controlled to a temperature capable of inducing the curing reaction of the thermosetting resin.
- the press molding which gives is mentioned as a main molding method.
- the technical problem with this type of material is how to improve the mechanical properties of the molded product while satisfying the conformability to the shape of the material, and many technical studies have been made so far.
- a reinforcing fiber yarn is cut into a predetermined length and dispersed into a flat shape to form a reinforcing fiber base material, and then the reinforcing fiber base material is melted and impregnated with a softened resin. There is.
- This is called a melt impregnation method and is known as a method that can cope with mass production at low cost.
- Patent Document 1 a method of limiting the number of reinforcing fiber single yarns contained in a bundle of reinforcing fibers has been proposed (Patent Document 1).
- the bundle of reinforcing fibers is narrow, the bundle of reinforcing fibers is densely arranged inside the reinforcing fiber base, so that a high fiber content in SMC is achieved, and the mechanical properties of the molded product are enhanced.
- the reinforcing fiber bundles are densely arranged in the reinforcing fiber base, so the resin It becomes difficult to guide to the inside of the glass, and an unimpregnated portion is likely to be generated.
- This unimpregnated portion remains as a void in the molded product even after the compression molding of SMC, and there is a problem that the quality of the molded product is lowered.
- the prepreg pieces are there is also known a method for obtaining a sheeted SMC by binding (Patent Documents 2 and 3).
- the mechanical properties as SMC are controlled by adjusting the content of the reinforcing fiber of the prepreg as a precursor.
- the prepreg has a high fiber content, it is easy to impregnate the resin into the fiber bundle because the plurality of reinforcing fiber yarns arranged at the time of manufacturing the prepreg have a uniform basis weight. . From this feature, by reducing the resin non-impregnation in the fiber bundle, the void amount in the molded product is reduced, which is effective for strengthening the molded product.
- the prepreg cut pieces may be bound together or the cut pieces may remain folded. Some are stabilized. If the SMC is obtained by spraying the cut pieces in such a state, the local weight per unit area is likely to vary. This means that the thickness of the SMC sheet varies from part to part, and it becomes difficult to give a uniform surface pressure distribution to the material in the mold in the production of the SMC molded product. As a result, the problem is that the appearance of the surface is impaired at a location where the applied pressure is insufficient, or that the inside of the molded product is not pressed and the strength of the molded product is reduced.
- an object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problem, and even when the content of reinforcing fibers is high, the resin is well impregnated into the fiber bundle, and the dense inside the mold
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fiber-reinforced resin sheet that can easily obtain a molded product from which voids have been removed because it is excellent in the uniformity of the basis weight as a molding material that can be filled.
- the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problem, and chopped prepreg obtained by cutting a prepreg impregnated in a reinforcing fiber with a thermosetting resin having a curing degree of 3% or more and less than 50% is spread in a plane, and It is a fiber reinforced resin sheet obtained by thermally bonding the chopped prepregs.
- the reinforcing fibers are oriented in a single fiber orientation direction in the chopped prepreg.
- the fiber reinforced resin sheet has transition sections in which the number of reinforcing fibers continuously increases from both ends in the fiber orientation direction toward the center in the fiber orientation direction.
- the chopped prepreg has a shape obtained by cutting the prepreg at an angle of 2 to 30 ° with respect to the fiber orientation direction.
- the reinforcing fibers contained in the chopped prepreg have a number average fiber length of 5 mm or more and less than 100 mm.
- the chopped prepreg is randomly arranged in one plane.
- the ratio (W / t) of the maximum width (W) to the maximum thickness (t) of the chopped prepreg is in the range of 20 to 400.
- the fiber reinforced resin sheet of the present invention has a tensile strength of 0.1 MPa or more.
- the surface layer of the fiber reinforced resin sheet of the present invention further includes a resin layer having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m or more and less than 1000 ⁇ m.
- the resin layer includes a thermosetting resin impregnated in the chopped prepreg.
- the fiber-reinforced resin sheet of the present invention has an average basis weight of less than 1000 g / m 2 or more 4000 g / m 2.
- the minimum value of the basis weight is 40% or more and less than 100% of the average basis weight.
- the prepreg is cured from a sheet-like prepreg and the remaining end material or prepreg resin is cut out from the shape of the target molded product to satisfy quality standards. There is no recycled material.
- the resin is well impregnated into the fiber bundle, and the basis weight is uniform as a molding material that enables dense filling into the mold. Therefore, it is possible to provide a fiber-reinforced resin sheet that can easily produce a molded product from which voids have been removed.
- the present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the fiber-reinforced resin sheet of the present invention is obtained by cutting a prepreg in which a reinforcing fiber is impregnated with a thermosetting resin having a curing degree of 3% or more and less than 50%. It is a fiber reinforced resin sheet in which chopped prepregs are dispersed in a planar shape and the chopped prepregs are thermally bonded together.
- a molding material obtained by spraying a reinforcing fiber yarn impregnated with a thermosetting resin into a sheet is generally called SMC (Sheet Molding Compound), and a sheet-like molding material that is well impregnated with resin is obtained. Therefore, it is suitable for obtaining a molded product with few voids.
- SMC Sheet Molding Compound
- the SMC obtained by spreading a prepreg into a sheet is a three-dimensional assembly in which the prepreg is folded or adhered due to the adhesiveness of the resin component of the prepreg in the spreading step.
- This aggregate gives variations in the thickness of the SMC for each part, it is difficult to give a uniform surface pressure distribution to the material in the mold in the production of a molded product by SMC. This is a factor that impairs the surface appearance at a location where the applied pressure is insufficient, and can also cause a reduction in strength of the molded product without being pressure-bonded inside the molded product.
- the prepreg has flexibility due to the properties of the uncured thermosetting resin.
- the reinforced resin sheet of the present invention has a flat chopped prepreg obtained by cutting a prepreg in which a curable fiber is impregnated with a thermosetting resin having a curing degree of 3% or more and less than 50%. It is a fiber reinforced resin sheet that is dispersed in the shape of a chopped prepreg and thermally bonded together.
- the degree of cure of the thermosetting resin When the degree of cure of the thermosetting resin is within this range, the binding property of the chopped prepreg is reduced, and the frequency at which the chopped prepregs form an aggregate in the step of spreading the chopped prepreg into a sheet shape. Minimized.
- the thermosetting resin becomes harder than the uncured state.
- the chopped prepreg in this state exhibits moderate rigidity, and the frequency of forming folds in a single chopped prepreg is suppressed. By eliminating a chopped prepreg having a fold that is inferior in reinforcement efficiency, the mechanical properties of the molded product can be effectively enhanced.
- the number of chopped prepregs having folds measured per 1 m 2 of the outermost surface of the sheet is preferably less than 200, more preferably less than 100, and even more preferably 50. Less than The number of folded portions can be measured by looking at the surface of the fiber reinforced resin sheet and counting the number of chopped prepregs having the folded portions.
- the chopped prepreg of the present invention can be obtained by cutting the prepreg.
- the prepreg is a sheet-like material in which a reinforcing fiber is impregnated with a thermosetting resin.
- a method of heat treating the prepreg can be used.
- the method of heating in the oven adjusted to desired temperature with respect to a prepreg can utilize preferably.
- This method can be used effectively not only for a single sheet-like prepreg but also for a prepreg wound around a support tube into a roll shape.
- the method of heating the prepreg roll can be exemplified as a method particularly excellent in productivity because the amount of prepreg that can be processed per hour can be increased.
- a method of heating with infrared rays using an infrared heater or the like can be easily applied to a traveling prepreg. That is, it can be easily incorporated into the prepreg manufacturing process, and can be preferably used from the viewpoint of economy.
- heat treatment by dielectric heating can be suitably selected. According to this, since the heat generation of the conductive fiber due to electromagnetic induction can be used for heat treatment, a uniform heat distribution can be given even to a prepreg that is increased in thickness by being laminated or rolled up.
- the degree of adjustment of the degree of curing is preferably high.
- the chopped prepreg is adjusted to a desired degree of cure, and the degree of cure measured for each chopped prepreg is within a predetermined range, in the chopped prepreg spraying step This is important from the viewpoint of improving the passage. That is, the coefficient of variation of the degree of cure measured for each chopped prepreg is preferably less than 30%, more preferably less than 20%, and even more preferably less than 10%.
- the lower limit of the coefficient of variation is not particularly limited, but generally 0.5% or more can be exemplified.
- the degree of cure of the chopped prepreg is as follows: Qp (J / g) is the heating value of the prepreg immediately after production, and Qc (J / g) is the residual heating value of the heat-treated chopped prepreg. -Qc) / Qp ⁇ 100.
- Qp (J / g) is the heating value of the prepreg immediately after production
- Qc (J / g) is the residual heating value of the heat-treated chopped prepreg. -Qc) / Qp ⁇ 100.
- the heat treatment temperature of the prepreg is preferably less than 100 ° C, more preferably less than 80 ° C, and even more preferably less than 60 ° C. If processing temperature is 100 degreeC or more, the thermosetting resin contained in a prepreg may exhibit a steep hardening reaction.
- the local part of the prepreg has a high degree of cure, and it becomes difficult to suppress the desired degree of cure variation.
- the minimum of heat processing temperature It is preferable when setting it as 30 degreeC or more to shorten processing time.
- the volume content of the reinforcing fiber is high.
- the volume content of the reinforcing fiber in the chopped prepreg is preferably 40% or more, more preferably 50% or more, and further preferably 55% or more.
- chopped prepreg can use prepreg as a precursor.
- a melt impregnation method in which a drawn reinforcing fiber is widened and a molten resin is guided into the reinforcing fiber bundle can be preferably used for the reinforcing fiber bundle formed into a sheet shape. This method allows impregnation of resin to the reinforcing fiber bundle having a constant thickness by applying pressure, so that impregnation unevenness is extremely small, and good resin impregnation is achieved even when the fiber volume content is high. Easy to do.
- the preferred characteristics of good impregnation are maintained even in the fiber reinforced resin sheet of the present invention, and by extension, the voids of the molded product by the fiber reinforced resin sheet are reduced. Also works effectively.
- As an upper limit of the volume content of the reinforcing fiber about 7% can be exemplified as the case where the reinforcing fiber in the prepreg is filled close to the closest density.
- the chopped prepreg of the fiber reinforced resin sheet of the present invention is preferably formed by completely impregnating the reinforcing fiber with a thermosetting resin.
- the degree of impregnation can be measured as follows. 10 g of chopped prepreg is taken, and the contained reinforcing fibers are separated with tweezers. If it is difficult to separate into reinforcing fiber single yarns, they may be separated into fiber bundles containing 10 to 30 reinforcing fibers. Next, the side of the reinforcing fiber single yarn or bundle is magnified with a microscope to check for the presence of resin. If the resin adheres in 70% or more of the side area, it is determined that the impregnation is complete.
- thermosetting resin examples include epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins, vinyl ester resins, phenol resins, epoxy acrylate resins, urethane acrylate resins, phenoxy resins, alkyd resins, and urethanes. Resins, maleimide resins, cyanate resins and the like can be exemplified.
- the configuration using an epoxy resin can be preferably selected because the fiber-reinforced resin sheet of the present invention exhibits high mechanical properties and the degree of curing by heat treatment is easy to adjust.
- the fiber reinforced resin sheet of the present invention is characterized in that the chopped prepregs constituting the fiber reinforced resin sheet are thermally bonded.
- the fiber-reinforced resin sheet of the present invention can be cut into a shape, and can be used by appropriately laminating to help follow the predetermined shape. By including this feature, the material can be easily handled in the molding process, and the quality of the manufactured member can be increased.
- Examples of the method for thermally bonding chopped prepregs contained in the fiber reinforced resin sheet include a method of heating the chopped prepregs after being spread in a flat shape.
- the adhesiveness of the thermosetting resin is induced by applying heat to the chopped prepreg that has lost its adhesiveness at room temperature (23 ° C.) because it has been adjusted to a predetermined degree of cure. It can be fixed by the components of the thermosetting resin.
- the degree of binding may be appropriately adjusted by applying pressure in addition to heating.
- the maximum stress is preferably 0.1 MPa or more, more preferably 0.2 MPa or more, and further preferably 0.5 MPa or more.
- limiting in the upper limit of the maximum stress generally 10 MPa can be illustrated.
- the chopped prepreg is not detached from the sheet when the fiber reinforced resin sheet is cut or handled during conveyance.
- the minimum basis weight measured for each part of the fiber reinforced resin sheet of the present invention is 40% or more and less than 100% of the average basis weight, more preferably 80% or more and less than 100%, still more preferably 90% or more and 100. %.
- the fiber-reinforced resin sheet of the present invention can maintain a small variation in the basis weight even when the basis weight of the sheet is increased so that it can be used for a thick member.
- an average basis weight of the fiber-reinforced resin sheet of the present invention is less than 1000 g / m 2 or more 4000 g / m 2, more preferably 1500 g / m 2 or more 3500 g / m less than 2 , more preferably less than 2000 g / m 2 or more 3300 g / m 2.
- the minimum value of the basis weight measured at an arbitrary position in the fiber reinforced resin sheet is 40% or more and less than 100% of the average basis weight. If the minimum value of the basis weight is within this range, it means that the variation in the basis weight of the fiber reinforced resin sheet is small, and since the material filling in the molding die of the fiber reinforced resin sheet becomes dense, it is included in the molded product. The void ratio can be effectively reduced.
- the chopped prepreg used in the present invention can be obtained by cutting various types of prepreg into predetermined dimensions.
- the type of prepreg used is not particularly limited as long as it is a sheet, and a prepreg composed of continuous reinforcing fibers and a prepreg composed of discontinuous reinforcing fibers can be used.
- the prepreg composed of continuous reinforcing fibers include, for example, a prepreg in which reinforcing fibers are aligned in one direction (unidirectional prepreg), a prepreg having a woven structure in which reinforcing fibers are knitted (woven fabric prepreg), and Non Crimp Fabric.
- a prepreg obtained by impregnating (NCF) with a resin is exemplified.
- Sheet Molding Compound (SMC) in which a resin is contained in a chopped reinforcing fiber bundle, a single bundle of reinforcing fibers or reinforcing fibers are dispersed in the resin.
- Molding Compound (BMC) can be used.
- a prepreg composed of continuous reinforcing fibers as a precursor because it is easy to increase the fiber content and can give excellent mechanical properties to the fiber-reinforced resin sheet of the present invention. .
- the fiber orientation direction of the reinforced fiber contained in the chopped prepreg is preferably unidirectional.
- the ratio of the reinforcing fiber contained in the chopped prepreg to the resin component greatly affects the mechanical properties of the fiber-reinforced resin sheet.
- an embodiment in which the reinforcing fibers are oriented in one direction capable of giving a dense filling of reinforcing fibers is effective for enhancing the mechanical properties of the fiber-reinforced resin sheet.
- a unidirectional prepreg can be preferably used as the precursor prepreg.
- the fiber reinforced resin sheet of the present invention can have an aspect in which the mechanical properties of the molded product are enhanced by providing a preferable chopped prepreg shape.
- a transition section S in which the number of reinforcing fibers continuously increases from both ends 12 in the fiber direction 11 of the chopped prepreg 1 in the fiber reinforced resin sheet toward the center C.
- the central portion C of the chopped prepreg has a transition section S in which the number of reinforcing fibers is large and the number of reinforcing fibers continuously decreases in the fiber direction 11 toward both ends 12.
- the end portion 12 in the fiber direction 11 of the chopped prepreg in the present invention refers to a point, a plurality of points, or a line farthest in the fiber direction 11 in the chopped prepreg 1. Specifically, it refers to an end portion of the reinforcing fiber 10 or a combination thereof.
- the center portion C in the fiber direction of the chopped prepreg in the present invention refers to a section having the maximum width (the maximum number of reinforcing fibers) in the width direction in the chopped prepreg. That is, in the chopped prepreg 1, the portion other than the central portion C having the maximum width in the width direction corresponds to the transition section S in which the number of reinforcing fibers continuously increases.
- FIG. 3 shows several examples of the shape of the chopped prepreg 1 having a transition section.
- the load of the chopped prepreg 1, which is the largest at the center portion C of the chopped prepreg 1, is directed toward the end portion 12 of the chopped prepreg 1. Since it is gradually released from the end 12 of the continuously existing reinforcing fiber 10 to the surroundings, stress concentration hardly occurs and the strength of the reinforcing fiber can be easily reflected in the strength of the molded product.
- the term “continuous” means that there is an increase or decrease in the number of reinforcing fibers in at least two or more locations within the transition section S, and that the two or more locations (locations where increase or decrease in the number of reinforcing fibers are determined) are divided at the same location.
- the total cross-sectional area of the reinforcing fiber 10 is 0.008 mm 2 or less. From the standpoint that stress concentration is less likely to occur when the number of reinforcing fibers increases or decreases more smoothly, the total cross-sectional area of the reinforcing fibers 10 that are divided at the same location is preferably 0.0022 mm 2 or less.
- the amount of change in the total cross-sectional area of the reinforcing fiber 10 in the transition section S is 0.05 mm 2 or less per mm, so that stress concentration can be effectively suppressed. Preferably, it is 0.04 mm 2 or less per 1 mm, more preferably 0.025 mm 2 or less.
- the total cross-sectional area of the reinforcing fibers is the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the respective reinforcing fibers in the fiber width direction.
- the chopped prepreg 1 having the above-described transition section S is configured to continuously decrease after the number of reinforcing fibers continuously increases and reaches a constant value, or continuously without increasing the number of reinforcing fibers continuously and taking a constant value. Either of the configurations that are reduced to the above are taken. Among them, the chopped prepreg 1 is scanned in the fiber direction 11 from the end portion 12 of the chopped prepreg 1 to the other end portion, and the cross-sectional area of the end portion of the reinforcing fiber contained in 1 mm in the fiber direction is measured.
- the sum of the cross-sectional areas is preferably 0.05 mm 2 or less.
- the cross-sectional area of the reinforcing fiber 10 included in the chopped prepreg 1 varies within ⁇ 10%, the number of end portions 12 of the reinforcing fiber included per 1 mm is measured, and the cross-sectional area of the representative reinforcing fiber 10 is The multiplied value shall be used.
- the maximum width of the chopped prepreg 1 is less than 3 mm, the amount of change in the entire width of the chopped prepreg 1 is measured, and a value proportionally converted to the amount of change per 1 mm is used.
- the amount of decrease in the number of reinforcing fiber single yarns is 1400 or less every time 1 mm moves in the fiber direction 11 because stress concentration can be effectively prevented. More preferably, 1000 or less per 1 mm is preferable, and 600 or less per 1 mm is preferable in order to further improve the strength.
- the maximum width W of the chopped prepreg 1 is less than 3 mm, the amount of change in the entire width W of the chopped prepreg 1 is measured, and a value proportionally converted to the amount of change per 1 mm is used.
- the number of reinforcing fibers 10 that are divided at the same location as the two or more locations is 200.
- the number should be no more than 50, more preferably 50 or less.
- the end portion 12 of the chopped prepreg 1 is provided obliquely with respect to the fiber direction 11.
- a form in which the end 12 of the chopped prepreg 1 has a linear form at an angle of 2 to 30 ° with the fiber direction is more preferable.
- the chopped prepreg 1 can be obtained, for example, by pulling out a continuous unidirectional prepreg and cutting it linearly at an angle of 2 to 30 ° with the fiber direction 11.
- the end portion 12 of the chopped prepreg 1 has a smaller angle with respect to the fiber direction 11 and can have a higher strength when formed into a molded product.
- the chopped prepreg 1 itself is easy to handle.
- an angle of 2 ° or more is preferable because the smaller the angle between the fiber direction 11 and the cutting blade, the less stable it is.
- the end portion 12 of the chopped prepreg 1 has an angle of 3 to 25 ° with the fiber direction 11, and further preferably 5 to 20 ° in view of the high strength as a molded product and processability.
- a method of inserting a prepreg into a rotary cutter such as a guillotine cutter or a roving cutter and cutting it into a desired shape can be shown.
- the mechanical properties of the molded product by the fiber reinforced resin sheet can be enhanced, while the chopped prepreg becomes bulky, so that the handling process of the chopped prepreg is inferior in the sheet manufacturing process.
- an upper limit can be imposed on the length of the reinforcing fiber.
- the number average fiber length of the reinforcing fibers contained in the chopped prepreg is preferably 5 mm or more and less than 100 mm, more preferably 10 mm or more and less than 60 mm, and still more preferably 20 mm or more and less than 50 mm.
- the measurement of the number average fiber length can be carried out by measuring the length of the reinforcing fiber extracted by standing in an electric furnace with a chopped prepreg at 450 ° in an air environment for 1 hour and burning the resin component. 400 extracted reinforcing fibers are taken out at random, the length is continued in increments of 1/10 mm, and the average value is taken as the number average fiber length.
- chopped prepregs are randomly arranged in a plane.
- a molding material that is isotropic and easy to design can be obtained. If uneven distribution or orientation unevenness of chopped prepreg exists, problems such as deterioration of mechanical properties, increase in dispersion, warpage in thin molded products, generation of sink marks, etc. occur, so chopped prepregs are randomly and uniformly arranged in the plane direction. It is important that
- the ratio (W / t) of the maximum width W (mm) and the maximum thickness t (mm) of the chopped prepreg is in the range of 20 to 400.
- the ratio (W / t) is referred to as a flattening ratio. The larger the flattening ratio, the flatter the chopped prepreg, and the strength improvement effect can be expected.
- W is the largest width in the chopped prepreg when scanned in the fiber direction 11.
- t (mm) is the largest thickness in the chopped prepreg when scanned in the fiber direction 11.
- Reinforcing fibers constituting the chopped prepreg include organic fibers such as aramid fibers, polyethylene fibers, polyparaphenylene benzoxador (PBO) fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers, silicon carbide fibers, alumina fibers, tyrano fibers, basalt fibers, Examples thereof include inorganic fibers such as ceramic fibers, metal fibers such as stainless fibers and steel fibers, and other reinforcing fibers using boron fibers, natural fibers, modified natural fibers and the like as fibers.
- carbon fiber is particularly lightweight among these reinforcing fibers, and has particularly excellent properties in specific strength and specific modulus, and is also excellent in heat resistance and chemical resistance. It is suitable for members such as automobile panels that are desired to be made.
- the tensile modulus of carbon fiber is preferably at least 200 GPa from the viewpoint of compatibility with impact resistance, tensile strength and compressive strength. More preferably, it is in the range of 200 to 600 GPa, more preferably in the range of 250 to 450 GPa.
- a composite material having mechanical properties such as high rigidity, high tensile strength, and high compressive strength can be obtained. Therefore, a carbon fiber having a tensile strength of 4.0 GPa or more is preferably used.
- the tensile elongation is also an important factor, and the carbon fiber is preferably a high elongation with a tensile elongation of 1.5% or more. Accordingly, carbon fibers having the characteristics that the tensile modulus is at least 200 GPa, the tensile strength is at least 4.0 GPa, and the tensile elongation is at least 1.5% are most suitable.
- Carbon fibers include “Torayca (registered trademark)” T800G-24K, “Torayca (registered trademark)” T800S-24K, “Torayca (registered trademark)” T810G-24K, and “Torayca (registered trademark)” T700G- 24K, “Torayca (registered trademark)” T300-3K, and “Torayca (registered trademark)” T700S-12K (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.).
- the fiber reinforced resin sheet of the present invention preferably has a resin layer having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m or more and less than 1000 ⁇ m on the surface layer, more preferably 200 ⁇ m or more and less than 500 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 250 ⁇ m or more and less than 400 ⁇ m.
- a resin layer as a component which assists binding
- the resin component bridges between the chopped prepregs, thereby preventing detachment of the chopped prepregs from the fiber reinforced resin sheet, and giving the fiber reinforced resin sheet suppleness, thereby improving the sheet handling property.
- the resin layer can be used for the purpose of adjusting the tackiness of the fiber-reinforced resin sheet.
- the tackiness is appropriate, when the fiber reinforced resin is laminated, the sheets can be fixed between the laminations, so that the handling of the laminate can be facilitated.
- thermoplastic resin particles may be blended.
- polyamide is most preferable.
- nylon 12 nylon 6, nylon 11, nylon 66, nylon 6/12 copolymer, and an epoxy compound described in Example 1 of JP-A-01-104624 are semi-IPN.
- Nylon (semi-IPN nylon) having a (polymer interpenetrating network structure) can be exemplified as one that gives particularly good adhesive strength with a thermosetting resin.
- Carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carbon particles, and metal powder can be blended from the viewpoint of enhancing the conductivity of the molded article using the fiber reinforced resin sheet of the present invention.
- a similar effect can be obtained by embedding a metal mesh made of copper or aluminum in the resin layer.
- the resin layer preferably includes the same component as the thermosetting resin contained in the chopped prepreg. You may add a coupling agent in the range which does not prevent the effect of this invention.
- the prepreg used in the fiber-reinforced resin sheet of the present invention is preferably a prepreg end material or a recycled material.
- the fiber-reinforced resin sheet of the present invention can be manufactured by using such a prepreg end material.
- the prepreg resin may be cured and may not satisfy the quality standard. Such prepregs are usually not used and often more than discarded.
- the strong fiber resin sheet of the present invention can reuse such a prepreg as a recycled material.
- the fiber-reinforced resin sheet of the present invention can reduce the environmental load and exhibit particularly excellent economic efficiency.
- the form and type of end material or recycled material are not particularly limited.
- a slit tape or fiber bundle cut to adjust the prepreg width examples include tow prepregs containing resin and processed products using these as precursors.
- ⁇ Method for measuring the basis weight of fiber reinforced resin sheet> A 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm region was cut out from the fiber reinforced resin sheet, and its weight was measured. The measurement was repeated 50 times for a randomly selected region, and the average value of the weight was obtained. The basis weight (g / cm 2 ) was calculated by converting this per unit area.
- the average width Wm (mm) of the chopped prepreg in the fiber reinforced resin sheet is measured as follows.
- the fiber reinforced resin sheet was heated in an electric furnace adjusted to 450 ° C. for 1 hour to decompose the matrix resin, and the remaining reinforcing fiber bundle was taken out with tweezers.
- the three ends of the both ends and the middle point were measured with a caliper with an accuracy of 1/10 mm with respect to the fiber direction of one reinforcing fiber bundle. This operation was carried out for ten reinforcing fiber bundles, and the average value was defined as the average width Wm (mm) of the chopped prepreg.
- Measurement of the average thickness tm (mm) of the chopped prepreg in the molding material is carried out with respect to the chopped prepreg whose average width Wm (mm) is measured. Measurement was performed with a caliper with an accuracy of 1/100 mm, and an average value ta (mm) was obtained. Assuming that the resin is uniformly distributed in the chopped prepreg, the average thickness tm (mm) of the chopped prepreg is a fiber volume content Vf (no unit) of 0 to 1.0 of the chopped prepreg, and tm It calculated
- required as (mm) ta / Vf.
- Example 1 In a kneading apparatus, 20 parts by mass of “Sumiepoxy (registered trademark)” ELM434 (tetraglycidyldiaminodiphenylmethane, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.), 80 parts by mass of “EPON (registered trademark)” 825 (bisphenol A type epoxy resin, Momentive) After kneading Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd., 21 parts by mass of “Sumika Excel (registered trademark)” PES5003P (polyethersulfone, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., weight average molecular weight: 47000) was dissolved and kneaded at 160 ° C.
- “Sumiepoxy (registered trademark)” ELM434 tetraglycidyldiaminodiphenylmethane, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.
- EPON registered trademark 825
- the epoxy resin composition was cooled to 80 ° C. and kneaded with 69 parts by mass of 4,4′-DDS (4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone, manufactured by Wakayama Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd.)
- a product (A) was prepared.
- the obtained epoxy resin composition was apply
- carbon fiber “Torayca (registered trademark)” T800S-24K-10E (24,000 fibers, tensile strength 5.9 GPa, tensile elastic modulus 290 GPa, tensile, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc. arranged in one direction in a sheet shape Carbon fiber with an elongation of 2.0%, total fineness of 1.03 g / m, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.), two resin films are stacked from both sides of the carbon fiber, and the resin is impregnated with carbon fiber by heating and pressing.
- a unidirectional prepreg having a carbon fiber basis weight of 190 g / m 2 , a fiber volume impregnation ratio of 55%, and a width of 27 mm was obtained.
- the obtained unidirectional prepreg was wrapped around a paper tube having an outer diameter of 20 cm, and was allowed to stand for 30 hours in a hot air dryer adjusted to 60 ° C., thereby adjusting the degree of cure of the epoxy contained in the prepreg. .
- the degree of cure measured for the unidirectional prepreg with adjusted degree of cure was 15%.
- the unidirectional prepreg with adjusted degree of cure is cut with a rotary cutter in which cutting blades are installed at an angle of 90 ° at intervals of 25 mm in the circumferential direction, so that the end is straight at an angle of 90 ° with the fiber direction.
- a chopped prepreg having a fiber length of 25 mm having a shape was produced.
- a chopped prepreg base material having a width of 30 cm and a length of 2 m was obtained by moving the support at a speed of 30 cm / min while spraying the chopped prepreg.
- the chopped prepreg base material is inserted into a double belt press, the temperature is 120 ° C., the surface pressure applied to the sheet is 0.1 MPa, and after passing through the heating section, the surface pressure is maintained in the cooling section at a temperature of 20 ° C.
- a fiber reinforced resin sheet having a width of 30 cm and a length of 2 m was continuously produced.
- the average basis weight of the fiber reinforced resin sheet was 712 g / m 2 , and the coefficient of variation was 16%.
- the average width Wm of the chopped prepreg in the fiber reinforced resin sheet was 30.1 mm, the average thickness tm was 0.13 mm, and the ratio (Wm / tm) was 231.
- the maximum stress was 0.5 MPa.
- the fiber reinforced resin sheet (A) is cut out to 270 ⁇ 270 mm, and after 5 sheets are stacked, the fiber reinforced resin sheet (A) is placed at a substantially central portion on a flat plate mold having a 300 ⁇ 300 mm cavity, and then heated by a heating press molding machine at 3 MPa. Under the pressure, it was cured under the conditions of 180 ° C. ⁇ 2 hours to obtain a 300 ⁇ 300 mm flat plate-shaped molded product.
- the chopped prepreg is not detached from the fiber reinforced resin sheet in the process of cutting out and laminating the fiber reinforced resin sheet and transporting the laminate to the mold, and it is easy to charge the measured input into the mold Met.
- the fiber reinforced resin sheet it was confirmed that the chopped prepregs are well bound to each other, so that the handleability is excellent.
- the entire mold was filled with the material, and no defects such as chips were found in the molded product.
- the surface of the molded product had a uniform gloss, and the exposed portion of the reinforcing fiber due to the lack of resin was not observed, giving a good overview.
- the void ratio was 0.3%, and it was confirmed that an extremely low void ratio was achieved in comparison with Comparative Example 4. Furthermore, as a result of conducting a tensile test, the tensile strength was 280 MPa, and a remarkable effect of improving by 30% or more in comparison with Comparative Example 4 was recognized.
- the fiber reinforced resin sheet of the present invention is less likely to form an aggregate of chopped prepregs or folds in the chopped prepregs during the manufacturing process because of the characteristic that chopped prepregs whose curing degree is appropriately adjusted are dispersed. This feature reduces the basis weight variation of the fiber reinforced resin sheet, and as a result, the molding material in the mold is uniformly pressed, leading to a decrease in the void ratio and, consequently, an improvement in strength. it was thought.
- Example 2 A fiber-reinforced resin sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that, in obtaining a unidirectional prepreg having an adjusted degree of curing, the unidirectional prepreg was left standing in a hot air dryer adjusted to 80 ° C. for 20 hours. The degree of cure of the obtained unidirectional prepreg with the adjusted degree of cure was 36%. A fiber-reinforced resin sheet was produced from the unidirectional prepreg thus adjusted in degree of curing in the same manner as in Example 1, and then a flat molded product was molded.
- the average basis weight of the fiber reinforced resin sheet was 691 g / m 2 and the coefficient of variation was 18%.
- the average width Wm of the chopped prepreg in the fiber reinforced resin sheet was 28.5 mm, the average thickness tm was 0.12 mm, and the ratio (Wm / tm) was 238.
- the maximum stress was 0.3 MPa.
- the chopped prepreg in the fiber reinforced resin sheet is well bound in the process of cutting and laminating the fiber reinforced resin sheet and transporting the laminate to the mold, and the chopped prepreg is detached from the sheet. It was confirmed that the handleability was excellent without separation. It was confirmed that the void ratio inside the molded product showed a low value of 0.8% and the molded product exhibited a high strength of 250 MPa.
- Example 3 In obtaining the chopped prepreg, a fiber reinforced resin sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the chopped prepreg was cut with a rotary cutter in which cutting blades were installed at an interval of 25 mm in the circumferential direction and at an angle of 10 °.
- the obtained chopped prepreg has a linear shape with an end portion having an angle of 20 ° with the fiber orientation direction of the chopped prepreg, and the number average of reinforcing fibers although there is a variation of about 3% within the chopped prepreg.
- the fiber length was 25 mm.
- a fiber-reinforced resin sheet was produced from the chopped prepreg thus obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, and then a flat molded product was molded.
- the average basis weight of the fiber reinforced resin sheet was 669 g / m 2 , and the coefficient of variation was 25%.
- the average width Wm of the chopped prepreg in the fiber reinforced resin sheet was 29.8 mm, the average thickness tm was 0.11 mm, and the ratio (Wm / tm) was 271.
- the maximum stress was 0.8 MPa.
- the chopped prepreg in the fiber reinforced resin sheet is well bound in the process of cutting and stacking the fiber reinforced resin sheet and transporting the laminate to the mold, and the chopped prepreg is detached from the sheet. It was confirmed that the handleability was excellent without separation.
- the void ratio inside the molded product was a low value of 0.5%.
- the tensile strength of the molded product was 350 MPa, and it was confirmed that extremely high strength was exhibited. It was considered that by cutting the end portion of the chopped prepreg obliquely with respect to the fiber direction, the stress concentration at the end portion was reduced and the strength was increased.
- Example 4 The epoxy resin composition (A) prepared in Example 1 was added to 28 parts by mass of “Grillamide (registered trademark)” TR-55 particles (“Grillamide (registered trademark)”-TR55 as an average particle diameter of 13 ⁇ m).
- the epoxy resin composition (B) was obtained by adding and kneading.
- the epoxy resin composition (B) was applied onto release paper using a knife coater to prepare a resin film (B) having a basis weight of 10 g / cm 3.
- the release paper of the film was peeled off to produce a fiber reinforced resin sheet (B).
- the average fabric weight and coefficient of variation in the fiber reinforced resin sheet, the average width Wm, average thickness tm and ratio (Wm / tm) of the chopped prepreg in the fiber reinforced resin sheet are the same as those in Example 1, and the fiber reinforced resin sheet ( The maximum stress by the tensile test of B) was 0.8 MPa.
- Chopped prepreg is not detached from the sheet in the process of cutting out and stacking from the fiber reinforced resin sheet, and transporting the laminate to the mold, and it is easy to charge the measured input into the mold
- the chopped prepregs were well bound to each other, so that it was confirmed that the handleability was excellent.
- the surface of the sheet has adhesiveness, and the sheet position can be easily fixed in the lamination of the sheets.
- the void ratio inside the molded product was a low value of 0.8%. It was confirmed that the molded article exhibited a high tensile strength of 320 MPa. In this molded product, thermoplastic particles having a high deformability are interposed between fiber reinforced resin sheets. For this reason, a crack inside the material generated under a tensile load is difficult to propagate between the layers. It is considered that the strength increased due to this.
- Example 1 A fiber reinforced resin sheet and a molded product were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the step of preparing the degree of cure was omitted and a chopped prepreg base material was obtained using a unidirectional prepreg having a degree of cure of 0%. .
- the average basis weight of the fiber reinforced resin sheet was 737 g / m 2 , and the coefficient of variation was as large as 36%. This is due to the above-described aggregate of prepregs and those having a folded portion in a single chopped prepreg, and it was determined that the manufactured fiber-reinforced resin sheet was inferior in the basis weight uniformity.
- a flat molded product was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
- both the site where the mold surface was transferred and the gloss part was present on the surface of the molded product and the site where the fiber was exposed without contact with the mold were observed.
- the void ratio of the molded product is 4.0%, and the tensile strength is 184 MPa.
- the fiber-reinforced resin sheet in this configuration has a large variation in basis weight. For this reason, it is difficult to give a uniform pressure distribution in the mold to the molding material, and the above-mentioned defects on the surface and inside of the molded product occur.
- Example 2 The chopped prepreg base material of Example 1 was evaluated. Cut out 270 x 270 mm from the base material and tried to laminate the base material, but the chopped prepregs in the base material were not bound together, so the shape of the base material collapsed and to obtain a laminated base material Therefore, it was confirmed that the handleability as a sheet was inferior.
- the cavity in the mold could not be completely filled, and a defect occurred in a part thereof.
- the maximum thickness portion of the molded flat plate was 3.3 mm, and the minimum thickness portion was 2.2 mm, and the thickness unevenness was large.
- the chopped prepreg was sprayed into the mold, it was difficult to give the chopped prepreg to each part in the mold so as to obtain a uniform basis weight, and it was judged that such a defect was caused. In this configuration, since a molded product having a uniform thickness was not obtained, the tensile strength of the molded product was not measured.
- Example 3 A fiber-reinforced resin sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that, in obtaining a unidirectional prepreg having an adjusted degree of curing, the unidirectional prepreg was left to stand for 60 hours in a hot air dryer adjusted to 120 ° C. The degree of cure measured for the resulting unidirectional prepreg with an adjusted degree of cure was 65%. The unidirectional prepreg with the adjusted degree of cure thus obtained was tried to produce a fiber reinforced resin sheet in the same manner as in Example 1, but the epoxy resin contained in the prepreg was heated by heating in the heating section of a double belt press. Adhesiveness was not induced and chopped prepregs were not bound to each other.
- the sheet was formed in the same manner as described above, but no binding was developed and the degree of cure measured in a unidirectional prepreg was 65%.
- the fiber reinforced resin sheet in which the chopped prepregs were bound together could not be obtained.
- Example 4 The carbon fiber of Example 1 is pulled out and cut by a rotary cutter in which cutting blades are installed at an angle of 90 ° with an interval of 25 mm in the circumferential direction, so that the end is linear at an angle of 90 ° with the fiber direction.
- a chopped carbon fiber bundle having a fiber length of 25 mm and having the following shape was prepared.
- Example 1 The resin film of Example 1 was arrange
- a flat molded product was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the depth of the molded product surface is 0.3 to 0.00 mm in addition to the portion having the glossy portion transferred from the mold surface and the portion where the fiber is exposed without contacting the mold. A plurality of pits of 5 mm were seen, and the surface quality was inferior.
- an unimpregnated portion of the resin was present inside the fiber bundle.
- the void ratio including the unimpregnated portion was 4.7%.
- the tensile strength measured on the molded product was 180 MPa.
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Abstract
Description
強化繊維糸条に熱硬化性樹脂を含ませた含浸体を散布してシート化した成形材料は、一般にSMC(Sheet Molding Compound)と呼ばれ、樹脂が良く含浸されたシート状の成形材料を得るのが容易であることから、空隙の少ない成形品を得るのに適している。
繊維強化樹脂シートからなる成形品を厚さ方向に切断し、その切断面を研磨して観察試料とした。観察は光学顕微鏡を用いて倍率を200倍として行った。成形品内部のボイドは黒色にて撮像されるので、成形品の健全な部位と判別することができる。ここで、観察した成形品の面積をSa(mm2)、ボイドの面積をSb(mm2)とおけば、ボイド率Vは、V(%)=Sb/Sa×100である。観察は無作為に選ばれた成形品断面の1mm×1mmの領域について、計5回実施し、その平均値をもってボイド率とした。
繊維強化樹脂シートから5cm×5cmの領域を切り出し、その重量を測定した。無作為に選ばれた領域に対して50回測定を繰り返し、重量の平均値を求めた。これを単位面積当たりに換算することで目付け量(g/cm2)を算出した。
繊維強化樹脂シートより、チョップドプリプレグを5mg採取し、示差走査熱量分析(DSC)を用いて、10℃/分の昇温速度で30℃から350℃まで昇温測定し、発熱カーブを取得し、その発熱ピークを積分することにより、総発熱量Qc(J/g)を算出した。同様の手順で、チョップドプリプレグの前駆体であるプリプレグについても総発熱量Qp(J/g)を測定した。繊維強化樹脂シート中のチョップドプリプレグの硬化度硬化度(%)=(Qp-Qc)/Qp×100として求められる。
繊維強化樹脂シート中のチョップドプリプレグの平均幅Wm(mm)の測定は次のように行う。繊維強化樹脂シートを、450℃に温調された電気炉中で1時間加熱することにより、マトリックス樹脂を分解させ、残った強化繊維束をピンセットで取り出した。次いで、無作為に選んだ10個の強化繊維束について、1つの強化繊維束の繊維方向に対し、両端部と中点部の3箇所をノギスにて1/10mmの精度で測定した。本操作を10個の強化繊維束について実施し、その平均値をもってチョップドプリプレグの平均幅Wm(mm)とした。成形材料中のチョップドプリプレグの平均厚みtm(mm)の測定は、平均幅Wm(mm)を測定したチョップドプリプレグについて、1つのチョップドプリプレグの繊維方向に対して両端部と中点部の3箇所をノギスにて1/100mmの精度で測定し、その平均値ta(mm)を求めた。チョップドプリプレグにおいて樹脂が一様に分布しているものと考え、チョップドプリプレグの平均厚みtm(mm)は、チョップドプリプレグの0~1.0である繊維体積含有率Vf(単位無し)を用い、tm(mm)=ta/Vfとして求めた。
各実施例および比較例で得られたシート状の成形材料より、長さ250±1mm、幅25±0.2mmの引張強度試験片を切り出した。JIS K-7073(1998)に規定する試験方法に従い、標点間距離を150mmとし、クロスヘッド速度2.0mm/分、室温条件にて引張強度を測定した。なお、本実施例においては、試験機としてインストロン(登録商標)万能試験機4208型を用いた。測定した試験片の数はn=5とし、平均値を引張強度とした。成形平板の引張特性も、同様の手順にて測定した。
混練装置で、20質量部の“スミエポキシ(登録商標)”ELM434(テトラグリシジルジアミノジフェニルメタン、住友化学(株)製)、80質量部の“EPON(登録商標)”825(ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂、Momentive Specialty Chemicals(株)製)を混練した後、21質量部の“スミカエクセル(登録商標)”PES5003P(ポリエーテルスルホン、住友化学工業(株)製、重量平均分子量:47000)を160℃で溶解混練した後、エポキシ樹脂組成物を80℃に降温して69質量部の4,4’-DDS(4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルスルホン、和歌山精化工業(株)製)を混練し、エポキシ樹脂組成物(A)を作製した。
硬化度が調整された一方向プリプレグを、周方向に25mm間隔、90°の角度で切断刃が設置されているロータリー式カッターで切断することにより、端部が繊維方向と90°の角度で直線状の形態を有した繊維長25mmのチョップドプリプレグを作製した。
硬化度が調整された一方向プリプレグを得るに当たり、80℃に温調された熱風乾燥機中にて20時間静置したこと以外、実施例1と同様にして繊維強化樹脂シートを作製した。得られた硬化度が調整された一方向プリプレグの硬化度は36%であった。こうして得られた硬化度が調整された一方向プリプレグを、実施例1と同様にして繊維強化樹脂シートを作製した後、平板状の成形品を成形した。
チョップドプリプレグを得るに当たり、周方向に25mm間隔、10°の角度で切断刃が設置されているロータリー式カッターで切断したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして繊維強化樹脂シートを作製した。得られたチョップドプリプレグは、その端部がチョップドプリプレグの繊維配向方向と20°の角度で直線状の形態を有しており、チョップドプリプレグ内で3%程度のばらつきはあるものの強化繊維の数平均繊維長は25mmであった。こうして得られたチョップドプリプレグを、実施例1と同様にして繊維強化樹脂シートを作製した後、平板状の成形品を成形した。
実施例1にて調製したエポキシ樹脂組成物(A)に、28質量部の“グリルアミド(登録商標)”TR-55粒子(“グリルアミド(登録商標)”-TR55を原料として作製した平均粒子径13μmの粒子)を添加し、混練することでエポキシ樹脂組成物(B)を得た。エポキシ樹脂組成物(B)を、ナイフコーターを用いて離型紙上に塗布して、目付け量が10g/cm3である樹脂フィルム(B)を作製した。
硬化度を調製する工程を省き、硬化度が0%である一方向プリプレグを用いてチョップドプリプレグ基材を得たこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして繊維強化樹脂シートと成形品を作製した。
実施例1のチョップドプリプレグ基材について評価を行った。基材から270×270mmを切り出し、基材の積層を試みたが、基材内のチョップドプリプレグ同士は結着されていないため、基材の形が崩れてしまい、積層された基材を得るに至らず、シートとしてのハンドリング性が劣ることが確認された。
硬化度が調整された一方向プリプレグを得るに当たり、120℃に温調された熱風乾燥機中にて60時間静置したこと以外、実施例1と同様にして繊維強化樹脂シートを作製した。得られた硬化度が調整された一方向プリプレグに測定された硬化度は65%であった。こうして得られた硬化度が調整された一方向プリプレグを、実施例1と同様にして繊維強化樹脂シートの作製を試みたが、ダブルベルトプレスの加熱区間での加熱によってプリプレグに含まれるエポキシ樹脂の粘着性が誘起されず、チョップドプリプレグ同士が結着されなかった。加熱区間における設定温度を130℃まで上昇させたことを以外は上記と同様にしてシート化を試みるも、やはり結着は発現しておらず、一方向プリプレグに測定した硬化度が65%の構成においては、チョップドプリプレグ同士が結着された繊維強化樹脂シートを得ることはできなかった。
実施例1の炭素繊維を引き出して、周方向に25mm間隔、90°の角度で切断刃が設置されているロータリー式カッターで切断することにより、端部が繊維方向と90°の角度で直線状の形態を有した繊維長25mmのチョップド炭素繊維束を作製した。
10:強化繊維(単糸)
11:繊維方向
12:チョップドプリプレグの端部
L:繊維長
S:チョップドプリプレグの遷移区間
C:チョップドプリプレグの中央部
W:チョップドプリプレグの幅
t:チョップドプリプレグの厚み
Claims (13)
- 硬化度3%以上50%未満の熱硬化性樹脂が強化繊維に含浸されたプリプレグを裁断したチョップドプリプレグを平面状に散布し、かつ前記チョップドプリプレグ同士を熱結着させてなる繊維強化樹脂シート。
- 前記強化繊維が前記チョップドプリプレグにおいて単一の繊維配向方向に配向されている、請求項1に記載の繊維強化樹脂シート。
- 前記繊維配向方向の両端部から該繊維配向方向の中央部に向かって連続的に強化繊維の本数が増加する遷移区間を有する、請求項2に記載の繊維強化樹脂シート。
- 前記チョップドプリプレグが、前記プリプレグを前記繊維配向方向に対し2~30°の角度で裁断した形状を有する、請求項2または3に記載の繊維強化樹脂シート。
- 前記チョップドプリプレグに含まれる強化繊維が5mm以上100mm未満の数平均繊維長を有する、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の繊維強化樹脂シート。
- 前記チョップドプリプレグが一平面内にランダムに配置されている、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の繊維強化樹脂シート。
- 前記チョップドプリプレグの最大幅(W)の最大厚み(t)に対する比率(W/t)が20~400の範囲内である、請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の繊維強化樹脂シート。
- 0.1MPa以上の引張強度を有する、請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の繊維強化樹脂シート。
- 繊維強化樹脂シートの表層に厚さ100μm以上1000μm未満の樹脂層をさらに有する、請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の繊維強化樹脂シート。
- 前記樹脂層が、前記チョップドプリプレグに含浸された熱硬化性樹脂を含む、請求項9に記載の繊維強化樹脂シート。
- 1000g/m2以上4000g/m2未満の平均目付け量を有する、請求項1から10のいずれかに記載の繊維強化樹脂シート。
- 目付け量の最小値が平均目付け量の40%以上100%未満である、請求項1から11のいずれかに記載の繊維強化樹脂シート。
- 前記プリプレグが、シート状のプリプレグから、目的とする成形品の形状が切り出されて残る端材もしくはプリプレグの樹脂に硬化を生じて品質基準を満たさないリサイクル材である、請求項1から12のいずれかに記載の繊維強化樹脂シート。
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| ES18750782T ES2912781T3 (es) | 2017-02-09 | 2018-02-07 | Lámina de resina reforzada con fibras |
| US16/484,263 US20190389185A1 (en) | 2017-02-09 | 2018-02-07 | Fiber reinforced resin sheet |
| CA3051074A CA3051074A1 (en) | 2017-02-09 | 2018-02-07 | Fiber reinforced resin sheet |
| KR1020197022090A KR20190107681A (ko) | 2017-02-09 | 2018-02-07 | 섬유 강화 수지 시트 |
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| CN201880010256.7A CN110267785B (zh) | 2017-02-09 | 2018-02-07 | 纤维增强树脂片材 |
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| EP (1) | EP3581353B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP7047755B2 (ja) |
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| EP3421207A4 (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2019-05-15 | Toray Industries, Inc. | DISCONTINUOUS FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE |
| EP3421208A4 (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2019-06-26 | Toray Industries, Inc. | DISCONTINUOUS FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE |
| JP2023048312A (ja) * | 2021-09-28 | 2023-04-07 | フクビ化学工業株式会社 | 繊維強化樹脂成形体及びその製造方法 |
| JP2023144389A (ja) * | 2022-03-28 | 2023-10-11 | 三井化学株式会社 | ランダムシートの製造方法およびランダムシート |
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| EP3572201B1 (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2022-04-20 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Method for manufacturing fiber-reinforced plastic |
| CN111086234A (zh) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-05-01 | 北京汽车集团有限公司 | 热塑性复合材料和复合材料部件及其制造方法 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2018218866A1 (en) | 2019-08-22 |
| JPWO2018147331A1 (ja) | 2019-12-12 |
| CA3051074A1 (en) | 2018-08-16 |
| EP3581353A1 (en) | 2019-12-18 |
| EP3581353B1 (en) | 2022-04-06 |
| KR20190107681A (ko) | 2019-09-20 |
| CN110267785B (zh) | 2022-02-01 |
| RU2019128055A (ru) | 2021-03-09 |
| JP7047755B2 (ja) | 2022-04-05 |
| CN110267785A (zh) | 2019-09-20 |
| US20190389185A1 (en) | 2019-12-26 |
| ES2912781T3 (es) | 2022-05-27 |
| BR112019014360A2 (pt) | 2020-02-27 |
| EP3581353A4 (en) | 2021-01-06 |
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