WO2018142491A1 - 水素吸蔵カートリッジ - Google Patents
水素吸蔵カートリッジ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018142491A1 WO2018142491A1 PCT/JP2017/003483 JP2017003483W WO2018142491A1 WO 2018142491 A1 WO2018142491 A1 WO 2018142491A1 JP 2017003483 W JP2017003483 W JP 2017003483W WO 2018142491 A1 WO2018142491 A1 WO 2018142491A1
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- hydrogen storage
- hydrogen
- cartridge
- storage cartridge
- partition plate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
- C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0084—Solid storage mediums characterised by their shape, e.g. pellets, sintered shaped bodies, sheets, porous compacts, spongy metals, hollow particles, solids with cavities, layered solids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
- C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0031—Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
- C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0031—Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0036—Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof only containing iron and titanium; Treatment thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
- C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0031—Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0047—Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof containing a rare earth metal; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0057—Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof containing a rare earth metal; Treatment thereof also containing nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/007—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt with a light metal (alkali metal Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; earth alkali metal Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al Ga, Ge, Ti) or B, Si, Zr, Hf, Sc, Y, lanthanides, actinides, as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
- F17C11/005—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0636—Metals
- F17C2203/0648—Alloys or compositions of metals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hydrogen storage cartridge used for storing hydrogen recovered from biomass pyrolysis gas, and more specifically, by connecting to a device using hydrogen and releasing the stored hydrogen,
- the present invention relates to a hydrogen storage cartridge used as a hydrogen supply source.
- lithium ion batteries are used as power sources for electric vehicles, drones, and portable information terminals. And in order to improve the travel distance of an electric vehicle, the flight distance of a drone, and the extension of the battery life of a portable terminal device, the performance enhancement of a lithium ion battery is promoted.
- a power supply device in which a fuel cell and a hydrogen storage container (for example, a cartridge) are integrated has been developed and is being marketed.
- a hydrogen storage container using a hydrogen storage alloy, a carbon / porous material, an inorganic complex material, an organic chemical hydride, or the like has been studied.
- an integrated device of a fuel cell and a hydrogen storage container, and a hydrogen cartridge as a hydrogen storage container have been attracting attention in various industrial fields, and the demand is expected to increase greatly. ing.
- a hydrogen storage technology and transport technology in addition to a method using a cartridge equipped with a hydrogen storage alloy, a method of filling and storing and transporting a high-pressure gas cylinder, and hydrogenating an organic solvent such as naphthalene or toluene, for example, It has been proposed to transport hydrogen as tetralin if naphthalene, as methylcyclohexane if toluene, and use hydrogen by chemically separating it into naphthalene and hydrogen, or toluene and hydrogen, respectively. ing.
- a hydrogen supply cartridge for supplying hydrogen to a fuel cell or the like, in which a hydrogen storage alloy is filled in the cartridge and hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage alloy.
- a first chamber that contains a liquid substance that participates in a hydrogen generation reaction, a hydrogen exhaust port, a solid substance that participates in a hydrogen generation reaction, and a reaction between the solid substance and the liquid substance.
- a fuel cartridge for a fuel cell comprising a second chamber, a hydrogen storage alloy disposed in the second chamber, and a liquid transport medium for transporting a liquid material from the first chamber to the second chamber is known. (Patent Document 1).
- hydrogen generating materials such as metal hydrogen complex compounds, metals, enzymes, microorganisms, catalysts, etc., hydrogen storage alloys that store and store the generated hydrogen
- hydrogen generating materials solid materials
- Liquid substance for generating hydrogen by reacting with hydrogen for example, water, inorganic acid, organic acid, alcohol, etc. are put in one cartridge and hydrogen generating substance (solid substance) and liquid substance are reacted to react with hydrogen Is generated, and the hydrogen is supplied to a small fuel cell to generate power, for example, to supply power to a portable electronic device.
- hydrogen is obtained from the hydrogen generating material in the cartridge, and the hydrogen storage alloy temporarily stores excess hydrogen obtained from the hydrogen generating material, thereby releasing hydrogen.
- the purpose is to reduce loss. Hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage alloy is not the main hydrogen supply source. Further, in this apparatus, it is not easy to regenerate the apparatus after the hydrogen supply is completed, that is, to refill the hydrogen generating substance (solid substance) and the liquid substance. Further, it is not easy to reduce the size and weight of the apparatus, and therefore, the versatility is poor.
- a hydrogen supply cartridge that can be connected to an apparatus that uses hydrogen, a storage container that can store a hydrogen generating substance that generates hydrogen by a reaction, and an excess of the generated hydrogen are removed to dissipate to the outside.
- a hydrogen supply cartridge is known that has a hydrogen removal device for prevention (Patent Document 2). More specifically, metals such as aluminum, silicon, zinc and magnesium, alloys mainly composed of these metal elements, metal hydrides and the like are used as hydrogen generating substances, and these are reacted with water to generate hydrogen and generated.
- the object of the present invention is to reduce the hydrogen loss without discharging surplus hydrogen by storing surplus hydrogen in the hydrogen storage alloy.
- Hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage alloy is not the main hydrogen supply source. Also in this apparatus, considerable work is required for regeneration of the apparatus after completion of hydrogen supply, that is, refilling of the hydrogen generating substance and water, and it is not easy to reduce the size and weight. It is scarce.
- a hydrogen storage / release device including a pressure vessel formed of a material selected from the group consisting of iron-based metal, aluminum-based metal, titanium-based metal, polyimide resin, fluororesin, polycarbonate resin, pressure-resistant glass, carbon fiber, and ceramic
- the outer diameter of the pressure vessel is smaller than the inner diameter of the pressure vessel, the outer peripheral wall portion and the bottom wall portion are formed of a porous material, and a cartridge capable of containing a hydrogen storage material therein, and the cartridge,
- the bottom wall portion of the pressure vessel is positioned with a space from the bottom surface of the pressure vessel, and the outer peripheral wall portion is held in the pressure vessel so as to be spaced from the inner surface of the pressure vessel.
- the holding means a gas passage connected to the pressure vessel, a valve provided in the gas passage, and the gas passage allow the pressure resistance.
- a hydrogen storage / release device comprising a hydrogen gas supply source connected to the inside of the vessel, wherein the cartridge has an annular cross section, and the inner peripheral wall portion of the cartridge is formed of a porous material (Patent Document) 3).
- the invention preferably includes a pressure vessel made of stainless steel, and preferably includes a cartridge containing carbon nanotubes therein. Then, in order to remove impurities previously attached to the surface of the carbon nanotube, it is heated at a temperature of 800 to 1000 ° C.
- Japanese Patent No. 4261918 JP 2009-2221072 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-228099 Japanese Patent No. 4246456 Japanese Patent No. 5463050
- the present invention provides a hydrogen storage cartridge that is not only small and lightweight, but also capable of storing and releasing hydrogen at low pressure and room temperature.
- a hydrogen storage cartridge that is not only small and lightweight, but also capable of storing and releasing hydrogen at low pressure and room temperature.
- the present invention provides a hydrogen storage cartridge capable of effectively avoiding the hydrogen storage unevenness of the hydrogen storage alloy.
- the present inventors have made various studies on how to reduce the size and weight of the cartridge filled with hydrogen and facilitate refilling of hydrogen. .
- the pure titanium is selected as the material constituting the cartridge and a hydrogen storage alloy is used, and the following predetermined materials are used as the hydrogen storage alloy, the cartridge itself can be made extremely light and small.
- the cartridge not only can hydrogen be charged and released at low pressure and normal temperature, but also the cartridge can be easily refilled after use, so that the cartridge can be reused. I found.
- a cartridge filled with a hydrogen storage alloy is reduced in size and weight, and the cartridge is built in a device using hydrogen, for example, a portable information terminal device such as a smartphone, an electric vehicle, a drone, etc.
- a portable information terminal device such as a smartphone, an electric vehicle, a drone, etc.
- the cartridge When the cartridge is used by repeating recharging, storing, releasing, that is, recharging with hydrogen, the cartridge itself receives the heat absorption and heat dissipation action of the hydrogen storage alloy as the hydrogen is released and stored. Heating and cooling are repeated. Thereby, the hydrogen storage alloy is pulverized to cause volume expansion.
- the cartridge itself is repeatedly expanded and contracted, and the filled hydrogen storage alloy undergoes volume expansion, which causes deformation, particularly non-uniform deformation, in the cartridge itself, Occasionally, this can lead to destruction during use of devices using hydrogen, such as personal digital assistants. Therefore, the cartridge effectively absorbs the expansion and contraction of the cartridge itself depending on the temperature change accompanying the release and storage of hydrogen, and the volume expansion of the hydrogen storage alloy, so that the deformation of the cartridge itself, in particular, non-uniformity. Must be avoided.
- a partition plate is provided inside the cartridge, thereby providing a plurality of chambers, and by making the partition plate a predetermined size, the cartridge itself
- the present inventors have found that it is possible to prevent the above-mentioned deformation, particularly uneven deformation, and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention (1) A hydrogen storage cartridge used for storing hydrogen recovered from biomass pyrolysis gas, wherein the material of the hydrogen storage cartridge is pure titanium, and the hydrogen storage cartridge is disposed in the internal space.
- the hydrogen storage cartridge includes one or more selected from the group consisting of lanthanum misch metal / nickel, titanium / iron and calcium / nickel based hydrogen storage alloys.
- the hydrogen storage alloy is LmNi 4.73 Mn 0.12 Al 0.15 (lanthanum misch metal / nickel 4.73 series), TiFe 0.9 Mn 0.1 (titanium / iron 0.9 series) Fe 0.94 Ti 0.96 Zr 0.04 Nb 0.04 (titanium / iron 0.94 system), CaNi 5 (calcium / nickel system) and Lm-Ni system alloy (3) (lanthanum misch metal / nickel)
- the hydrogen storage cartridge according to (1) which is at least one selected from the group consisting of: (3) The hydrogen storage cartridge according to (1) or (2), wherein the hydrogen storage alloy contains 90% or more of particles having a particle size of 0.1 to 3.0 mm in its particle size distribution, (4) The hydrogen storage cartridge according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the shape of the internal space of the hydrogen storage cartridge is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped.
- the internal space of the hydrogen storage cartridge includes a plurality of chambers for storing the hydrogen storage alloy, which are partitioned by a partition plate.
- a hydrogen storage cartridge according to claim 1 (6) The hydrogen storage cartridge according to (5), wherein the plurality of chambers is provided with 2 to 10 chambers, (7) The hydrogen storage cartridge according to (5), wherein the plurality of chambers is provided with 2 to 7 chambers, (8) The hydrogen storage cartridge according to (5), wherein the plurality of chambers are provided with 2 to 5 chambers, (9) The hydrogen storage cartridge according to (5), wherein the plurality of chambers are provided with 3 to 5 chambers, (10)
- the dimension in the longitudinal direction of the partition plate is 70 to 80% of the total length of the internal space of the hydrogen storage cartridge in the same direction as the longitudinal direction of the partition plate.
- the dimension in the hand direction is the same as the total length of the internal space of the hydrogen storage cartridge in the same direction as the short direction of the partition plate, according to any one of the above (5) to (9).
- Hydrogen storage cartridge, (11) The longitudinal dimension of the partition plate is 73 to 77% of the total length of the internal space of the hydrogen storage cartridge in the same direction as the longitudinal direction of the partition plate.
- the dimension in the hand direction is the same as the total length of the internal space of the hydrogen storage cartridge in the same direction as the short direction of the partition plate, according to any one of the above (5) to (9).
- Hydrogen storage cartridge, (12) The hydrogen according to any one of (5) to (11), wherein the partition plate has a substantially flat plate shape and is substantially perpendicular to each surface of the internal space of the hydrogen storage cartridge.
- Occlusion cartridge (13) The hydrogen storage cartridge according to any one of (1) to (12), wherein the hydrogen storage pressure in the hydrogen storage cartridge is 0.15 to 0.6 MPa, (14) The hydrogen storage cartridge according to any one of (1) to (13), wherein the hydrogen storage temperature in the hydrogen storage cartridge is ⁇ 80 to 30 ° C. (15) The hydrogen storage cartridge according to any one of (1) to (14), wherein the hydrogen release temperature in the hydrogen storage cartridge is 0 to 100 ° C. (16) The hydrogen storage cartridge according to any one of (1) to (15) above for a portable information terminal device, an electric vehicle, or a drone.
- the hydrogen storage cartridge of the present invention is not only small and lightweight, but also can store and release hydrogen at low pressure and room temperature, so it is easy to carry, handle and safe.
- the cartridge itself can be used repeatedly over a long period of time, and the device may be destroyed when used repeatedly in a device using hydrogen. There is nothing. Further, since there is no hydrogen storage unevenness, a constant performance can always be exhibited during use.
- FIG. 1 is an external view of an embodiment of the hydrogen storage cartridge of the present invention.
- 2 is a front view, a II sectional view, and a II-II sectional view of the hydrogen storage cartridge shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from the hydrogen inlet / outlet side.
- the material of the hydrogen storage cartridge of the present invention is pure titanium, preferably two kinds of pure titanium. Thereby, deformation and distortion of the cartridge itself due to heat generation and heat absorption during hydrogen storage and release can be reduced. Further, the hydrogen storage cartridge of the present invention has an internal space therein, and the internal space includes, as a hydrogen storage alloy, a lanthanum misch metal / nickel system, a titanium / iron system, and a calcium / nickel system hydrogen storage alloy.
- the hydrogen storage pressure is preferably 0.15 to 0.6 MPa, more preferably 0.3 to 0.4 MPa.
- the hydrogen storage temperature is preferably ⁇ 80 to 30 ° C.
- the hydrogen release temperature is preferably 0 to 100 ° C. It is more preferable that both the hydrogen storage and the hydrogen release are performed at an environmental temperature, for example, normal temperature (25 ° C.).
- the hydrogen storage alloy since the hydrogen storage alloy generates heat at the time of hydrogen storage, it can be carried out in the above temperature range while cooling with water or an ice bath.
- the hydrogen storage alloy absorbs heat when hydrogen is released, it can be carried out in the above temperature range while heating with a hot water bath, preferably a hot water bath of 80 to 90 ° C.
- the hydrogen storage temperature and the hydrogen release temperature depend on the hydrogen storage rate and the hydrogen release rate from the hydrogen storage alloy, the hydrogen storage rate and the hydrogen release rate are adjusted as appropriate.
- the hydrogen storage temperature and the hydrogen release temperature can be controlled to appropriate temperatures.
- the hydrogen storage cartridge for example, when storing hydrogen in a hydrogen storage alloy in a batch at a factory or the like, the hydrogen storage cartridge itself can be cooled while increasing the hydrogen storage rate.
- the hydrogen release rate is low, that is, the hydrogen release temperature, that is, the hydrogen storage cartridge and the smartphone itself.
- the particle size at the initial filling of the hydrogen storage alloy is preferably 1 mm or less in terms of the maximum particle size.
- the hydrogen storage alloy is pulverized by repeated storage and release of hydrogen.
- FIG. 1 is an external view of an embodiment of the hydrogen storage cartridge of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a front view of the hydrogen storage cartridge shown in FIG. It is a figure and its II-II sectional drawing.
- the hydrogen storage cartridge (A) of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 has two hydrogen inlets / outlets (a, b). Hydrogen is supplied from the hydrogen inlet / outlet (a, b), and hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage alloy filled in the hydrogen storage cartridge (A).
- hydrogen is usually supplied from one hydrogen inlet / outlet, for example, the inlet / outlet (a), and the other hydrogen inlet / outlet, for example, the inlet / outlet (b) is closed. Yes.
- the hydrogen storage pressure and temperature are maintained, and hydrogen is supplied into the cartridge (A).
- the hydrogen supply rate is determined depending on the internal space volume of the hydrogen storage cartridge (A), the amount of the hydrogen storage alloy, etc., preferably 0.1 to 3 liters / minute, more preferably 0.5 to 1 liter. / Min.
- the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage alloy in this way is connected for use in a device using hydrogen, for example, a portable information terminal device, an electric vehicle, a drone, etc., and is maintained at the above hydrogen release pressure and temperature. It is released depending on the amount of hydrogen used in the apparatus using hydrogen.
- the hydrogen is usually released from a hydrogen inlet / outlet different from the inlet / outlet to which hydrogen is supplied, for example, the inlet / outlet (b). Of course, it is not limited to this.
- both the external shape and the internal space (1) are preferably substantially rectangular parallelepiped.
- the external shape can be variously changed depending on the shape of the apparatus using hydrogen to which the hydrogen storage cartridge (A) is attached.
- the internal space (1) of the hydrogen storage cartridge (A) is partitioned by a partition plate (2) and includes a plurality of chambers (3) for storing hydrogen storage alloys.
- the plurality of chambers (3) are preferably 2 to 10 chambers, more preferably 2 to 7 chambers, still more preferably 2 to 5 chambers, and even more preferably in the internal space (1) of the hydrogen storage cartridge (A). There are 3-5 rooms.
- the hydrogen storage alloy can store and release hydrogen.
- the hydrogen storage alloy is displaced in the internal space (1) of the hydrogen storage cartridge (A) when it is pulverized and volume-expanded by repetition, and hydrogen storage unevenness occurs when hydrogen is charged again. It is more likely to occur. Further, if the hydrogen storage alloy is shifted, the volume of the hydrogen storage alloy at that portion tends to cause deformation or distortion in a part of the hydrogen storage cartridge (A), and thus a device using hydrogen, For example, when the cartridge is connected to a portable information terminal device or the like, the device may be deformed or destroyed.
- the hydrogen storage alloy can exist in a dispersed manner in the plurality of chambers (3), and Since it can move freely between the chambers (3), it is possible to prevent the water storage alloy from being displaced. As a result, the influence of expansion of the hydrogen storage alloy can be effectively absorbed, and deformation and distortion of the hydrogen storage cartridge (A) can be prevented. Moreover, hydrogen storage unevenness of the hydrogen storage alloy can also be prevented.
- the number of the chambers (3) for storing the hydrogen storage alloy exceeds the above upper limit, not only the manufacturing cost of the hydrogen storage cartridge (A) increases, but also in some cases, the displacement of the hydrogen storage alloy can be prevented.
- the filling amount of the hydrogen storage alloy is preferably 70 to 95% by volume, more preferably 80 to 90% by volume of the entire internal space of the hydrogen storage cartridge (A). If the filling amount of the hydrogen storage alloy is too large, it may not be possible to prevent the deviation due to expansion of the hydrogen storage alloy.
- the hydrogen storage alloy is preferably present in an evenly dispersed manner in the plurality of chambers (3), and is usually preferably 70 to 95% by volume of the internal space of each chamber (3), more preferably Present at 80-90% by volume.
- the length (1) in the longitudinal direction of the partition plate (2) is preferably the total length of the dimension (L) in the same direction as the length of the partition plate (2) in the internal space (1) of the hydrogen storage cartridge (A). 70 to 80%, more preferably 73 to 77%.
- the dimension (l) in the longitudinal direction of the partition plate (2) exceeds the above upper limit, the granular or powdered hydrogen storage alloy is separated into the internal space (1) between the partition plate (2) and the hydrogen storage cartridge (A). It may not be possible to pass through the gap between the inner surface (1) and the hydrogen storage alloy in the internal space (1).
- the partition plate (2) cannot sufficiently achieve its role, and similarly, it may be impossible to prevent the hydrogen storage alloy from being displaced.
- the dimension (m) in the short direction of the partition plate (2) is the same as the dimension (M) in the same direction as the short direction of the partition plate (2) in the internal space (1) of the hydrogen storage cartridge (A). It is the same as the full length. Thereby, the short direction of the partition plate (2), that is, the thickness direction of the internal space (1) of the hydrogen storage cartridge (A) is completely blocked to form each chamber.
- the shape of the partition plate (2) is preferably substantially flat, and the partition plate (2) is substantially perpendicular to each surface of the internal space (1) of the hydrogen storage cartridge (A). Is preferred.
- the partition plates (2) are preferably substantially parallel to each other, and are arranged so that the dimensions (volumes) of the internal spaces (1) are substantially equal to each other. It is preferable that
- the hydrogen storage cartridge of the present invention is used for storing hydrogen recovered from biomass pyrolysis gas.
- the biomass is not particularly limited as long as it is described in Patent Document 4, for example, waste materials generated from palm trees (empty fruit bunches: EFB, EFB fiber, palm kernel shell) ), coconut shells, palm husks, waste wood from Jatropha tree, unused waste wood from forest, sawmill waste from lumber mill, waste paper, rice straw, rice husk, food residue from food factory Algae, sewage sludge, organic sludge and the like.
- the hydrogen recovered from the biomass pyrolysis gas includes hydrogen recovered from the pyrolysis gas obtained by pyrolyzing the biomass and a gas obtained by further reforming the pyrolysis gas. Examples include recovered hydrogen.
- biomass such as organic waste is heated at 500 to 600 ° C. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere
- the generated pyrolysis gas is mixed with steam at 900 to 1,000 ° C.
- the resulting reformed gas is A method of purifying and recovering hydrogen (Patent Document 4), heating organic waste at 400 to 700 ° C. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and mixing the generated pyrolysis gas with steam at 700 to 1,000 ° C.
- Patent Document 4 A method of purifying and recovering hydrogen
- the reforming of the reformed gas is maintained at 400 to 700 ° C.
- Completion An organic system characterized in that it is carried out by passing through a layer containing one or more substances selected from the group, and then the refined reformed gas is passed through the shift reaction catalyst layer at 200 to 500 ° C. Examples thereof include a waste gasification method (Patent Document 5). Furthermore, a method for separating and purifying hydrogen from the gas thus obtained is also known. In addition to the above, for example, a method for separating hydrogen using PSA or the like is known.
- the hydrogen storage cartridge of the present invention is a cartridge for supplying hydrogen that can be connected to a device using hydrogen, and discharges hydrogen stored in a hydrogen storage alloy filled in the cartridge to use a device that uses hydrogen, such as a smartphone. It can be used as a power source for portable information terminal devices such as the above, or a power source for electric vehicles and drones. In addition, a small fuel cell or an electric capacitor can be installed in the space inside the hydrogen storage cartridge and used as a small battery.
- Example 1 A hydrogen storage cartridge (A) made of pure titanium (2 types) having the shape and dimensions shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 was produced.
- the hydrogen storage cartridge (A) has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape for both the outer shape and the internal space (1).
- the dimensions of the cartridge (A) are 41.80 mm in length, 61.60 mm in width, and thickness.
- the length was 7.60 mm, which was approximately the same size as a general smartphone lithium ion battery.
- the dimensions of the internal space (1) of the cartridge (A) are 36 mm in length, 60 mm in width, and 6 mm in thickness.
- the horizontal direction of the internal space (1) is three partition plates (2 ), And four chambers (3) for storing the hydrogen storage alloy were provided.
- Each of the partition plates (2) was substantially flat and was substantially perpendicular to each surface of the internal space (1) of the hydrogen storage cartridge (A).
- the dimension (l) in the longitudinal direction of each partition plate (2) is 27 mm, and the inner space (1) of the cartridge is the same as the longitudinal direction of the partition plate (2) (the longitudinal direction of the inner space (1)). ) was 36 mm in total length (L).
- the longitudinal dimension (l) of the partition plate (2) is the same as the longitudinal direction of the partition plate (2) in the internal space (1) of the cartridge (the longitudinal direction of the internal space (1)). It was 75% of the total length (L) of the dimension.
- the dimension (m) in the short direction of the partition plate (2) is 6 mm, and the inner space (1) of the cartridge is in the same direction as the short direction of the partition plate (2) (the thickness of the inner space (1)).
- the total length (M) was 6 mm.
- the width (n) of the partition plate (2) was 2.2 mm in the vicinity of the center of the partition plate (2), and had a shape that slightly expanded toward both ends.
- the internal volume of each chamber (3) for storing the hydrogen storage alloy was almost the same, and the total of the four chambers was about 8 cc.
- the total weight of the hydrogen storage cartridge (A) was about 38 grams. This was about 30% of the weight (about 133 grams) of a stainless steel (SUS304) hydrogen storage cartridge having the same shape and dimensions.
- the hydrogen storage cartridge (A) was immersed in ice water, and the temperature of the entire cartridge (hydrogen storage temperature) was maintained at about 0 ° C. Separately, a commercially available hydrogen cylinder (internal volume 7 m 3 , pressure 15 MPa, purity 99.9%) was prepared. Next, hydrogen is supplied from the cylinder to the hydrogen storage cartridge (A) at a constant hydrogen supply pressure of 0.4 MPa and a hydrogen supply rate of about 1 liter / minute, so that the hydrogen storage alloy stores the hydrogen. It was. At this time, as the pressure in the hydrogen storage cartridge (A) increased, the hydrogen supply rate gradually decreased from about 1 liter / min at the start in the second half of the hydrogen storage operation. The pressure in the hydrogen storage cartridge (A) (hydrogen storage pressure) increased from approximately atmospheric pressure at the start of hydrogen storage to about 0.4 MPa at the end of hydrogen storage.
- the hydrogen occlusion cartridge (A) was left in a room with an air temperature of about 25 ° C., and the temperature of the entire cartridge (A) was kept at about 25 ° C.
- hydrogen was released from the hydrogen storage cartridge (A) at a rate of about 1 liter / minute in the chamber.
- the hydrogen release rate gradually decreased from about 1 liter / min at the start in the second half of the hydrogen release operation.
- the pressure in the hydrogen storage cartridge (A) decreased from about 0.4 MPa at the start of hydrogen release to almost atmospheric pressure at the end of hydrogen release.
- the temperature in the hydrogen storage cartridge (A) (hydrogen release temperature) gradually decreased from about 25 ° C. at the start of hydrogen release as hydrogen was released. At the end of the hydrogen release, the temperature was such that it felt cold when the cartridge was touched by hand.
- the hydrogen storage amount and the hydrogen release amount to the hydrogen storage cartridge (A) are almost the same even when the hydrogen storage and hydrogen release operations are repeated three times. I found out. Further, even after three repetitions, no deformation of the hydrogen storage cartridge (A) itself was observed.
- the hydrogen storage cartridge (A) of the present invention is capable of storing a large amount of hydrogen even though it is small and light, and can also store and release hydrogen by repeated storage and release. The performance of the cartridge was not impaired, and in addition, the cartridge itself was not deformed.
- the hydrogen storage cartridge of the present invention is not only easy to carry, easy to handle, and safe, but also can be used repeatedly over a long period of time. Since there is no risk of destroying the device when it is used, and it can be expected to always exhibit a certain performance during use, it will be built into a very small device such as a portable information terminal device such as a smartphone in the future. In addition, it is expected to be used in a built-in manner in electric vehicles and drones.
- a Hydrogen storage cartridge of the present invention a Hydrogen inlet / outlet b Hydrogen inlet / outlet L Dimensions of the internal space of the hydrogen storage cartridge in the same direction as the longitudinal direction of the partition plate l Dimensions in the longitudinal direction of the partition plate M Partition of the internal space of the hydrogen storage cartridge Dimension m in the same direction as the short side of the plate m Dimension in the short direction of the partition plate n Width of the partition plate 1 Internal space of the hydrogen storage cartridge 2 Partition plate 3 Chamber for storing the hydrogen storage alloy
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Abstract
Description
(1)バイオマス熱分解ガスから回収された水素の吸蔵に使用される水素吸蔵カートリッジであって、該水素吸蔵カートリッジの材質が、純チタンであり、かつ、該水素吸蔵カートリッジが、その内部空間に、水素吸蔵合金として、ランタンミッシュメタル・ニッケル系、チタン・鉄系及びカルシウム・ニッケル系水素吸蔵合金より成る群から選ばれる一つ以上を含む、水素吸蔵カートリッジである。
(2)上記水素吸蔵合金が、 LmNi4.73Mn0.12Al0.15(ランタンミッシュメタル・ニッケル4.73系)、TiFe0.9Mn0.1(チタン・鉄0.9系)、Fe0.94Ti0.96Zr0.04Nb0.04(チタン・鉄0.94系)、CaNi5(カルシウム・ニッケル系)及びLm‐Ni系合金(3)(ランタンミッシュメタル・ニッケル系)より成る群から選ばれる一つ以上である、上記(1)記載の水素吸蔵カートリッジ、
(3)上記水素吸蔵合金が、その粒度分布において0.1~3.0mmの粒径の粒子を90%以上含有する、上記(1)又は(2)記載の水素吸蔵カートリッジ、
(4)上記水素吸蔵カートリッジの内部空間の形状が、略直方体である、上記(1)~(3)のいずれか一つに記載の水素吸蔵カートリッジ、
(5)上記水素吸蔵カートリッジの内部空間が、その中に、仕切板により区切られた、上記水素吸蔵合金を収容する複数の室を備えている、上記(1)~(4)のいずれか一つに記載の水素吸蔵カートリッジ、
(6)上記複数の室が、2~10室備えられている、上記(5)記載の水素吸蔵カートリッジ、
(7)上記複数の室が、2~7室備えられている、上記(5)記載の水素吸蔵カートリッジ、
(8)上記複数の室が、2~5室備えられている、上記(5)記載の水素吸蔵カートリッジ、
(9)上記複数の室が、3~5室備えられている、上記(5)記載の水素吸蔵カートリッジ、
(10)上記仕切板の長手方向の寸法が、上記水素吸蔵カートリッジの内部空間の、該仕切板の長手方向と同方向の寸法の全長の70~80%であり、かつ、上記仕切板の短手方向の寸法が、該水素吸蔵カートリッジの内部空間の、該仕切板の短手方向と同方向の寸法の全長と同一である、上記(5)~(9)のいずれか一つに記載の水素吸蔵カートリッジ、
(11)上記仕切板の長手方向の寸法が、上記水素吸蔵カートリッジの内部空間の、該仕切板の長手方向と同方向の寸法の全長の73~77%であり、かつ、上記仕切板の短手方向の寸法が、該水素吸蔵カートリッジの内部空間の、該仕切板の短手方向と同方向の寸法の全長と同一である、上記(5)~(9)のいずれか一つに記載の水素吸蔵カートリッジ、
(12)上記仕切板が、略平板状であって、上記水素吸蔵カートリッジの内部空間の各面に対して略垂直である、上記(5)~(11)のいずれか一つに記載の水素吸蔵カートリッジ、
(13)上記水素吸蔵カートリッジにおける水素吸蔵圧力が、0.15~0.6MPaである、上記(1)~(12)のいずれか一つに記載の水素吸蔵カートリッジ、
(14)上記水素吸蔵カートリッジにおける水素吸蔵温度が、-80~30℃である、上記(1)~(13)のいずれか一つに記載の水素吸蔵カートリッジ、
(15)上記水素吸蔵カートリッジにおける水素放出温度が、0~100℃である、上記(1)~(14)のいずれか一つに記載の水素吸蔵カートリッジ、
(16)携帯情報端末機器、電気自動車又はドローン用の、上記(1)~(15)のいずれか一つに記載の水素吸蔵カートリッジ
を挙げることができる。
図1及び2に示した形状及び寸法を有する純チタン(2種)製の水素吸蔵カートリッジ(A)を作製した。図2に示した通り、水素吸蔵カートリッジ(A)の形状は、外形及び内部空間(1)共に略直方体であり、該カートリッジ(A)の寸法は、縦41.80mm、横61.60mm、厚さ7.60mmであり、一般的なスマートフォンのリチウムイオン電池と略同一の寸法のものであった。また、該カートリッジ(A)の内部空間(1)の寸法は、縦36mm、横60mm、厚さ6mmであり、該内部空間(1)の横方向は、略平行な3枚の仕切板(2)により略均等に区切られており、水素吸蔵合金を収容する4個の室(3)が備えられていた。仕切板(2)はいずれも略平板状であり、水素吸蔵カートリッジ(A)の内部空間(1)の各面に対して略垂直であった。各仕切板(2)の長手方向の寸法(l)は27mmであり、また、カートリッジの内部空間(1)の、仕切板(2)の長手方向と同方向(内部空間(1)の縦方向)の寸法の全長(L)は36mmであった。このように、仕切板(2)の長手方向の寸法(l)は、カートリッジの内部空間(1)の、仕切板(2)の長手方向と同方向(内部空間(1)の縦方向)の寸法の全長(L)の75%であった。一方、仕切板(2)の短手方向の寸法(m)は6mmであり、カートリッジの内部空間(1)の、仕切板(2)の短手方向と同方向(内部空間(1)の厚さ方向)の寸法の全長(M)6mmと同一であった。仕切板(2)の幅(n)は、いずれも、その中央付近が2.2mmであり、両端に向かって多少広がっている形状のものであった。また、水素吸蔵合金を収納する各室(3)の内容積はほぼ同一であり、4室の合計で約8ccであった。該水素吸蔵カートリッジ(A)の総重量は約38グラムであった。これは、同一の形状及び寸法を有するステンレス鋼(SUS304)製の水素吸蔵カートリッジの重量(約133グラム)の約30%であった。
a 水素出入口
b 水素出入口
L 水素吸蔵カートリッジの内部空間の、仕切板の長手方向と同方向の寸法
l 仕切板の長手方向の寸法
M 水素吸蔵カートリッジの内部空間の、仕切板の短手方向と同方向の寸法
m 仕切板の短手方向の寸法
n 仕切板の幅
1 水素吸蔵カートリッジの内部空間
2 仕切板
3 水素吸蔵合金を収容する室
Claims (5)
- バイオマス熱分解ガスから回収された水素の吸蔵に使用される水素吸蔵カートリッジであって、該水素吸蔵カートリッジの材質が、純チタンであり、かつ、該水素吸蔵カートリッジが、その内部空間に、水素吸蔵合金として、ランタンミッシュメタル・ニッケル系、チタン・鉄系及びカルシウム・ニッケル系水素吸蔵合金より成る群から選ばれる一つ以上を含む、水素吸蔵カートリッジ。
- 上記水素吸蔵カートリッジの内部空間の形状が、略直方体であり、かつ、該内部空間が、その中に、仕切板により区切られた、上記水素吸蔵合金を収容する複数の室を備え、かつ、上記仕切板の長手方向の寸法が、該内部空間の、該仕切板の長手方向と同方向の寸法の全長の70~80%であり、該仕切板の短手方向の寸法が、該内部空間の、該仕切板の短手方向と同方向の寸法の全長と同一である、請求項1記載の水素吸蔵カートリッジ。
- 上記水素吸蔵カートリッジの内部空間の形状が、略直方体であり、かつ、該内部空間が、その中に、仕切板により区切られた、上記水素吸蔵合金を収容する複数の室を備え、かつ、上記仕切板の長手方向の寸法が、該内部空間の、該仕切板の長手方向と同方向の寸法の全長の70~80%であり、該仕切板の短手方向の寸法が、該内部空間の、該仕切板の短手方向と同方向の寸法の全長と同一であり、かつ、該仕切板が、略平板状であって、該内部空間の各面に対して略垂直である、請求項1記載の水素吸蔵カートリッジ。
- 上記複数の室が2~10室である、請求項2又は3記載の水素吸蔵カートリッジ。
- 上記水素吸蔵合金が、LmNi4.73Mn0.12Al0.15(ランタンミッシュメタル・ニッケル4.73系)、TiFe0.9Mn0.1(チタン・鉄0.9系)、Fe0.94Ti0.96Zr0.04Nb0.04(チタン・鉄0.94系)、CaNi5(カルシウム・ニッケル系)及びLm‐Ni系合金(3)(ランタンミッシュメタル・ニッケル系)より成る群から選ばれる一つ以上である、請求項1~4のいずれか一つに記載の水素吸蔵カートリッジ。
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17895189.3A EP3578870A4 (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2017-01-31 | HYDROGEN STORAGE CARTRIDGE |
| US16/482,052 US20200002163A1 (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2017-01-31 | Hydrogen occlusion cartridge |
| PCT/JP2017/003483 WO2018142491A1 (ja) | 2017-01-31 | 2017-01-31 | 水素吸蔵カートリッジ |
| AU2017396579A AU2017396579A1 (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2017-01-31 | Hydrogen Occlusion Cartridge |
| JP2018565127A JP6871578B2 (ja) | 2017-01-31 | 2017-01-31 | 水素吸蔵カートリッジ |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2017/003483 WO2018142491A1 (ja) | 2017-01-31 | 2017-01-31 | 水素吸蔵カートリッジ |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2018142491A1 true WO2018142491A1 (ja) | 2018-08-09 |
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ID=63040310
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2017/003483 Ceased WO2018142491A1 (ja) | 2017-01-31 | 2017-01-31 | 水素吸蔵カートリッジ |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20200002163A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP3578870A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6871578B2 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2017396579A1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2018142491A1 (ja) |
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| JP2022191019A (ja) * | 2021-06-15 | 2022-12-27 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 発熱装置 |
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| WO2020122097A1 (ja) * | 2018-12-11 | 2020-06-18 | 株式会社クリーンプラネット | 熱利用システムおよび発熱装置 |
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2017
- 2017-01-31 WO PCT/JP2017/003483 patent/WO2018142491A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2017-01-31 JP JP2018565127A patent/JP6871578B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2017-01-31 EP EP17895189.3A patent/EP3578870A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-01-31 US US16/482,052 patent/US20200002163A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-01-31 AU AU2017396579A patent/AU2017396579A1/en not_active Abandoned
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| JP2022191019A (ja) * | 2021-06-15 | 2022-12-27 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 発熱装置 |
| JP7746699B2 (ja) | 2021-06-15 | 2025-10-01 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 発熱装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3578870A4 (en) | 2020-11-04 |
| EP3578870A1 (en) | 2019-12-11 |
| JP6871578B2 (ja) | 2021-05-12 |
| JPWO2018142491A1 (ja) | 2019-12-19 |
| US20200002163A1 (en) | 2020-01-02 |
| AU2017396579A1 (en) | 2019-08-22 |
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