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WO2018035585A1 - Moteur thermique à cycle différentiel comprenant quatre processus isobares et quatre processus adiabatiques, et procédé de commande pour le cycle thermodynamique du moteur thermique - Google Patents

Moteur thermique à cycle différentiel comprenant quatre processus isobares et quatre processus adiabatiques, et procédé de commande pour le cycle thermodynamique du moteur thermique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018035585A1
WO2018035585A1 PCT/BR2017/000091 BR2017000091W WO2018035585A1 WO 2018035585 A1 WO2018035585 A1 WO 2018035585A1 BR 2017000091 W BR2017000091 W BR 2017000091W WO 2018035585 A1 WO2018035585 A1 WO 2018035585A1
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Prior art keywords
cycle
thermodynamic
processes
adiabatic
subsystem
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Portuguese (pt)
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Marno Iockheck
LUIS Mauro MOURA
Saulo Finco
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ASSOCIACAO PARANAENSE DE CULTURA - APC
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ASSOCIACAO PARANAENSE DE CULTURA - APC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/045—Controlling
    • F02G1/047—Controlling by varying the heating or cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/053—Component parts or details
    • F02G1/055—Heaters or coolers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a thermal motor and its eight-process thermodynamic cycle, more specifically a thermal machine characterized by two interconnected thermodynamic subsystems, each operating a four-process but interdependent thermodynamic cycle. If, forming a complex cycle of eight processes, operates with gas, the circuit of this binary system is closed in differential configuration, based on the concept of hybrid thermodynamic system or can also be called binary thermodynamic system, this system performs a thermodynamic cycle composed of eight processes so that it executes at any moment of the cycle, two simultaneous and interdependent complementary processes, four of which are "isobaric" and four "adiabatic" processes with variable mass transfer, which may be null or partial.
  • thermodynamics defines three concepts of thermodynamic systems, the open thermodynamic system, the closed thermodynamic system and the isolated thermodynamic system. These three concepts of thermodynamic systems were conceptualized in the nineteenth century in the early days of the creation of the laws of thermodynamics and underlie all known motor cycles to date.
  • thermodynamic system is defined as a system in which neither matter nor energy passes through it. Therefore, this concept of thermodynamic system does not offer properties that allow the development of motors.
  • the open thermodynamic system is defined as a system where energy and matter can enter and leave this system.
  • Examples of an open thermodynamic system are the Atkinson cycle Otto-cycle internal combustion engines, Sabieshe-cycle Maski-cycle Otto-cycle internal combustion engine, Rankine-cycle exhausted Brayton-cycle internal combustion engines from steam to the environment.
  • the matter that enters these systems are fuels and oxygen or working fluid or working gas.
  • the energy that enters these systems is heat.
  • the matter that comes out of these systems is the combustion or working fluid exhaust, gases, waste, the energy that comes out of these systems is the mechanical working energy and part of the heat dissipated.
  • the closed thermodynamic system is defined as a thermodynamic system in which only energy can enter and leave this system.
  • Examples of closed thermodynamic systems are external combustion engines such as the Stiring cycle, Ericsson cycle, Rankine cycle with closed circuit working fluid, Brayton heat cycle or external combustion, Carnot cycle.
  • the energy that enters this system is heat.
  • the energy that comes out of this system is the mechanical working energy and part of the heat dissipated, but no matter comes out of these systems, as they occur in the open system.
  • thermodynamic cycles composed of a series of sequential and independent processes, and a single process occurs at a time until the cycle is completed, as can be seen from the pressure / volume graph in figure 2. So are the Otto, Aikinson, Diesel, Sabaihe, Brayton, Rankine, Stiriing, Ericsson cycle engines and Carnot's ideal theoretical cycle.
  • Equation (a) (U) represents the internal energy in “Joule”, (r?) Represents the number of mol, (R) represents the universal constant of perfect gases, (7) represents the gas temperature. in “Kelvin” and (y) represents the adiabatic coefficient of expansion,
  • the current state of the art comprises a series of motors of Internal combustion and external combustion, most of these engines require a second auxiliary engine to take them from, to operation.
  • Internal combustion engines require compression, mixing fuel with oxygen and a spark or pressure combustion, so a normally electric auxiliary starter motor is used.
  • External combustion engines such as the Stirling or Ericsson cycle in turn also require high power auxiliary engines, as they must overcome the resting state under pressure to start operating.
  • One exception is the Rankine cycle engine, which can start via the camshaft to provide the steam pressure to the motive power elements.
  • the current state of the art comprises a number of engines, most of them dependent on very specific and special conditions to operate, for example internal combustion engines, each requiring its own specific fuel, fine fuel control, oxygen and combustion time and in some cases require specific conditions including pressure, fuel flexibility is quite limited.
  • internal combustion engines each requiring its own specific fuel, fine fuel control, oxygen and combustion time and in some cases require specific conditions including pressure, fuel flexibility is quite limited.
  • the most flexible engine is the Rankine, external combustion engine, the Stirling or Ericsson, also external combustion, these are more flexible in their source.
  • the current state of the art comprises a series of engine cycles, most of which require combustion, that is, the burning of some type of fuel, and therefore the need for oxygen.
  • the current state of the art comprises a series of cycle engines, most of which require high operating temperatures, especially internal combustion engines, usually operating with working gas at temperatures above 1500 ° C.
  • External combustion engines or engines operating from external heat sources such as Rankine and Stirling cycle, are typically designed to operate at working gas temperatures between 400 ° C and 800 ° C.
  • Rankine and Stirling cycle are typically designed to operate at working gas temperatures between 400 ° C and 800 ° C.
  • motors based on open and closed systems they often require high temperatures to operate, all of them have their efficiencies limited to Carnot's theorem, that is, their maximum efficiencies depend exclusively on temperatures as defined by equation (b),
  • the current state of the art based on open and closed systems, comprises basically six motor cycles and some versions thereof: Atkinson cycle Eight cycle, Sabathe cycle Otto cycle Diesel cycle similar Brayton cycle, Rankine cycle, Stiding cycle, Ericsson cycle and Carnot cycle diesel, ideal theoretical reference for open and closed engine based engines.
  • Atkinson cycle Eight cycle Sabathe cycle Otto cycle Diesel cycle similar Brayton cycle
  • Rankine cycle Stiding cycle
  • Ericsson cycle Ericsson cycle
  • Carnot cycle diesel ideal theoretical reference for open and closed engine based engines.
  • the latest developments in the current state of the art have been presented through innovations by joining more than one old cycle into combined cycles, ie: new engine systems composed of a Brayton cycle machine operating on fossil fuels, gas or oil. and a heat-dependent Rankine cycle machine rejected by the Brayton cycle machine.
  • combining a diesel engine with a Rankine cycle engine or an Otto cycle engine also joining it with a Rankine cycle engine.
  • Carnot's ideal motor figure 3, while considered the ideal motor, most perfect to date, it is in theory and within open and closed system concepts considering all ideal parameters, for example. This is the reference to date for all existing engine concepts.
  • the Carnot Engine is not found in practical use because the actual materials do not possess the properties required to make the Carnot Engine a reality, the physical dimensions for the Carnot Cycle. If it were to be performed as in theory, it would be unfeasible in a practical case, so it is an ideal Engine in open and closed system concepts, but in the theoretical concept.
  • thermodynamic cycle formed by two isothermal processes of two adiabatic processes
  • the concept of hybrid or binary thermodynamic system provides the basis for the development of a new motor family In each case, each engine will have its own characteristics according to the processes and phases that make up their respective thermodynamic cycles, such as the Otto engine and the diesel engine, both internal combustion engines, are engines based on the open thermodynamic system, but are distinct engines.
  • the Otto engine cycle consists basically of an adiabatic compression process, an isocoric combustion process, an adiabatic expansion process and an isocoric exhaust process and the diesel engine cycle. It consists of an adiabatic compression process, an isobaric combustion process, an adiabatic expansion process and an Isocoric exhaustion process, so they differ in only one of the processes that form their cycles, sufficient to give each one properties and specific and different uses.
  • the aim of the invention is to eliminate some of the existing problems and minimize other problems, but the major objective was to develop new motor cycles based on a new thermodynamic system concept so that the efficiency of the motors would not be more dependent. temperatures only and whose energy sources could be diversified and which would allow the design of engines for environments even without air (oxygen).
  • the characteristic hybrid or binary system concept that underlies this invention eliminates the dependence of efficiency exclusively on temperature, the efficiency of any thermal machine depends on its potentials and their potential differentials, while open and closed systems generate potentials where the mass of the gas is constant and for this reason they cancel out in the equations, hybrid or binary systems the mass is not necessarily constant, so no they cancel out and their efficiencies depend on the potentials from which the driving force originates, that is, the pressures.
  • the hybrid system concept provides dependent potentials proportional to the product of the working gas mass by temperature.
  • the mass is variable, its efficiency becomes a non-temperature-dependent but mass-dependent function and for a differential cycle motor composed of four isobaric processes, four adiabatic processes. , with mass transfer between its subsystems during adiabatic processes, the efficiency is demonstrated as presented in equation (c) and figure 4.
  • ( ⁇ ) is the yield
  • (T1) is the initial temperature of the high temperature isobaric process
  • (72) is the final temperature of the isobaric process of alia temperature, this temperature tends to equalize with the hot source temperature (Tq)
  • (73) is the starting temperature of the low temperature isobaric process
  • (74) is the final temperature of the low temperature isobaric process, this temperature tends to equalize with the cold source temperature (77)
  • all temperatures in "Kelvin” (n1) is the number of moles of subsystem 1, indicated by region 21 of Figure 4
  • (n2) is the number of moles of subsystem 2, indicated by region 23 of Figure 4. 4
  • thermodynamic cycles Otto, Atkinson, Diesel, Sabathe. Brayton, Stirling, Ericsson, Rankine, and the Carnot cycle perform a single process at a time sequentially, as shown in Figure 2, referenced to the mechanical cycle of the driving force elements, their control being a direct function of the power supply's power.
  • the hybrid or binary differential cycles perform two processes at a time, Figure 5, enabling the control of the thermodynamic cycle separate from the mechanical cycle, the cycle can be modulated and thus the mechanical cycle becomes a consequence of the thermodynamic cycle. and not the other way around.
  • Differential cycle motors are characterized by having two subsystems forming a hybrid or binary system, represented by (21 and 23) of Figure 4, each subsystem executes a cycle referenced to the other subsystem in order to always execute two simultaneous processes. and interdependent. Otherwise, considering a hybrid or binary system with properties of both open and closed systems simultaneously, it is said that the system performs a compound thermodynamic cycle, Figure 5, that is, always executes two simultaneous processes (26 and 27). Figure 5, interdependent, including mass transfer. Therefore they are completely different motors and cycles from motors and cycles based on open or closed systems. Figure 6 shows the relationship between the hybrid or binary system and the differential thermodynamic cycle.
  • thermodynamic system The concept of hybrid thermodynamic system is new. It is characterized by a binary system, formed by two interdependent subsystems and between them there is exchange of matter and energy and both supply out of their limits, energy in the form of work and part of the energy in the form of heat dissipated. This thermodynamic system was created in the 21st century and offers new possibilities for the development of thermal motors.
  • the present invention brings important developments for the conversion of thermal energy to mechanical either for use in power generation or other use as mechanical force for movement and traction.
  • Some of the main advantages that can be seen are: the total flexibility as to the energy source (heat), the independence of the atmosphere, does not need atmosphere for a differential cycle motor to operate, the flexibility regarding the temperatures, the motor of Differential cycle can be designed to operate over a very wide temperature range, well above most motors based on open and closed systems, including a differential cycle motor can be designed to operate at both temperatures below zero degrees Celsius, It is sufficient that the design conditions promote the expansion and contraction of the working gas and it is sufficient that the materials chosen for its construction have the properties to perform their operational functions at design temperatures.
  • the differential-cycle engine based on the hybrid or binary system concept may be constructed from materials and techniques similar to conventional and Stirling-cycle engines, as it is a closed-loop gas engine considering the system. complete, this is.
  • the complete system is formed by two integrated thermodynamic subsystems, 31 and 37, forming a binary or hybrid thermodynamic system, each subsystem formed by a chamber 33 and 35 containing working gas and each of these are formed by three sub-chambers.
  • Suitable materials for this technology should be noted, which are similar in this respect to Stirling cycle engine design technologies.
  • the working gas depends on the project, its application and the parameters used, the gas may be various, each will provide specific characteristics, as the gases may be suggested: helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, dry air, neon, among others.
  • Conversion chambers items that characterize the hybrid or binary system, may be constructed of various materials, depending on design temperatures, working gas used, pressures involved, environment and operating conditions. These cameras each have. Three sub-chambers and these should be designed keeping in mind the requirement of thermal insulation between themselves to minimize the direct flow of energy from hot to cold areas, this condition is important for overall system efficiency.
  • These chambers have internal elements that move working gas between hot, cold and insulated sub-chambers, these elements can be of various geometric shapes, depending on the requirement and design parameters, could for example be disc-shaped, cylindrical or otherwise working gas movement in a controlled manner between the sub chambers.
  • the mass transfer element 34 interconnects the two chambers 33 and 35, this element is responsible for the transfer of part of the working gas mass between the chambers that occurs at a specific time during the acliabatic processes.
  • This element may be designed in various ways depending on the requirements of the project, may operate by simple pressure difference, ie valve-shaped, or may operate in a forced manner, for example turbine, piston-shaped or in another geometric shape allowing it to perform the mass transfer of part of the working gas.
  • the driving force element, 38 is responsible for performing mechanical work and making it available for use.
  • This driving force element operates by the working gas forces of the engine, this element may be designed in various ways depending on the design requirements, it may for example be turbine shaped, cylinder piston shaped, connecting rods, crankshafts, in the form of a diaphragm or otherwise permitting work to be performed from gas forces during thermodynamic conversions.
  • Figure 1 represents the concept of open thermodynamic system and the concept of closed thermodynamic system
  • Figure 2 represents the characteristic of all thermodynamic cycles based on open and closed systems
  • Figure 3 shows the original idea of Carnot's thermal machine, conceptualized in 1824 by Nicolas Sadi Carnot;
  • Figure 4 represents the concept of hybrid or binary thermodynamic system
  • Figure 5 represents the characteristic of differential thermodynamic cycles based on hybrid or binary system:
  • Figure 6 shows the hybrid or binary thermodynamic system and a differential thermodynamic cycle and the detail of the two simultaneously occurring thermodynamic processes
  • Figure 7 shows the mechanical model consisting of the two thermodynamic subsystems that form a thermal motor under the concept of hybrid or binary system
  • Figure 8 shows one of the subsystems, group 31, performing the high temperature isobaric process of the thermodynamic cycle and the second subsystem, group 37, performing the low temperature isobaric process of the thermodynamic cycle;
  • Figure 9 shows one of the subsystems, group 31, performing the adiabatic thermodynamic cycle expansion process and the second subsystem, group 37, performing the adiabatic thermodynamic cycle compression process;
  • Figure 10 shows in turn the first subsystem group 31 performing its low temperature isobaric process of the thermodynamic cycle and the second subsystem group 37 performing the high temperature isobaric process of the thermodynamic cycle;
  • Figure 11 shows the first subsystem, group 31, performing the adiabatic thermodynamic cycle compression process and the second subsystem, group 37, performing the adiabatic thermodynamic cycle expansion process;
  • Figure 12 shows the ideal differential thermodynamic cycle composed of two high temperature isobaric processes, two low temperature isobaric processes two adriatic expansion processes, two adiabatic compression;
  • Figure 13 shows an example of motor application for an electricity generating plant using geothermal energy as its primary source
  • Figure 14 shows an example of motor application for an electricity generating plant having thermosound energy as its primary source
  • Figure 15 shows an example of differential cycle engine application for a combined system design, forming a combined cycle with an open system internal combustion engine.
  • the differential cycle motor consisting of two high temperature isobaric processes, two low temperature isobaric processes, two adiabatic expansion processes, two adiabatic compression processes is based on a hybrid thermodynamic system, or can also be termed a hybrid system.
  • binary thermodynamic by having two interdependent thermodynamic subsystems which each perform an interacting thermodynamic cycle, which can exchange heat, work and mass as shown in figure 4.
  • the hybrid system is shown or binary, consisting of two subsystems indicated by 21 and 23.
  • thermodynamic cycle differentiates, in this case detailing the processes that when in one of the subsystems, at time (t1) the cycle operates with mass (ml), number mol (n1) and temperature (Tq), at the same time, simultaneously, in the other subsystem, the cycle operates with mass (m2), number of mol (n2), temperature (Tf).
  • mass mass
  • m2 number of mol
  • Tf temperature
  • Figure 7 shows the engine model based on the hybrid system. or binary, containing two subsystems indicated by 31 and 37. Each subsystem has its thermomechanical conversion chamber, 33 and 35, a driving force element, 38. Connecting between the subsystems for mass transfer processes, there is an element of mass transfer 34.
  • Figures 8, 9, 10 and 11 show how the eight processes, four isobaric and four mass transfer adiabatic, occur mechanically.
  • subsystem 31 exposes the working gas to the hot source at the temperature (Tq) indicated at 39, and that subsystem performs the high temperature isobaric process and simultaneously the subsystem indicated by 37 exposes the working gas to the cold source.
  • Tq temperature
  • Tf temperature
  • this subsystem executes the low temperature isobaric process.
  • the gas is exposed to a thermally insulated region, indicated by 32, the gas, initially close to the hot temperature (Tq), expands into the conversion chamber, turning the gas heat into kinetic energy into an adiabatic process tending to At cold temperature (Tf), the internal energy of the gas becomes mechanical energy.
  • Tq hot temperature
  • Tf At cold temperature
  • part of the working gas of subsystem 31 with higher pressure is transferred to subsystem 37 at lower pressure through the mass transfer element indicated in 34, thus the adiabatic process of subsystem 31 was concurrently enhanced, while subsystem 37 receives part of the working gas mass of subsystem 31, and an adiabatic compression process also occurs simultaneously, bringing the gas from the near-cold (Tf) temperature to a warmer temperature, at the end of this process the high isobaric process begins.
  • Figure 12 shows the ideal eight-process full engine differential cycle based on the concept of hybrid or binary thermodynamic system, where two simultaneous engine processes always occur, exemplified by indications 64 and 65, until the cycle is formed. of eight processes.
  • sequence (1 -2-3-4-1) shows the processes of one of the engine cycle subsystems, the sequence (abcda), all interdependent.
  • the curve indicated by 63 shows the processes (abc) of one of the subsystems, process (a ⁇ b) is high temperature isobaric where energy enters the system shown in 67, occurs simultaneously with the low temperature isobaric process (3-4) whereby the unused energy shown in 68 of the curve indicated by 82 of the other subsystem occurs.
  • Process (bc) is adiabatic of expansion, occurs simultaneously with process (4-1), also adiabatic, but of compression, in process (bc) occurs the heat transfer (energy) of the engine gas to the shaft, transforming If in kinetic energy, simultaneously in process (4-1) occurs the transfer of kinetic energy to the engine gas received from the shaft, also in an adiabatic process, while simultaneously during the adiabatic processes of the motor cycle, the transfer of mass, leaving (nl - n2) mol of gas in the adiabatic expansion process (bc) to the other subsystem during the adiabatic compression process (4-1). Processes (2-3) ⁇ (d-a) are identical to processes (b-c) and (4-1).
  • Process (c-d) is low temperature isobaric and occurs simultaneously with process (1-2), high temperature isobaric.
  • the (da) process is adiabatic with mass increment and occurs simultaneously with the adiabatic expansion process (2-3) with mass reduction, thus ending the thermodynamic cycle with eight engine processes, always two simultaneous, the The sum of the working gas mass of the two subsystems forming the engine is always constant.
  • isobaric engine cycle processes (1-2), (ab), (3-4) and (cd) are performed with gas confined to a geometry characterized by a thermal inertia where the gas has a rate of change of temperature such that it tends to equalize with hot or cold elements only at the fin! of these processes, making the pressure relatively stable, that is, isobaric.
  • This geometry shall be characterized by a depth not too small for the penetration of heat into the gas, or a gas displacement between the hot and cold elements not too fast to produce a rate of change in temperature throughout the isobaric process. that the pressure has a constant behavior.
  • the engine cycle adiabatic processes (2-3) and (bc) are carried out with the gas in a thermally insulated region of the engine, and in this process the working gas will expand by transferring the gas energy to the engine mechanical elements.
  • storing energy in the form of kinetic energy and in adiabatic engine cycle compression processes (4-1) and (da) are also performed with gas in a thermally isolated region, and in this process the mechanical elements of the compression engine , transfer the kinetic energy back to the engine gas, raising its temperature, completing the process.
  • Table 1 shows process by process that form the cycle differentiates! of eight heat engine processes shown step by step, with four isobaric processes, four adiabatic processes and mass transfer steps.
  • This differential cycle of an engine consisting of two subsystems based on the concept of hybrid or torque system, whose pressure and volume curve is shown in figure 12, has eight processes, two high temperature isobaric processes of energy input into the system, shown by 67, curves (1-2) and (ab) are represented by expressions (d) and (e), two low temperature isobaric processes of disposal of unused energy, shown by 88, curves (3-4) ) and (cd) represented by the expressions (! and (g), the internal gas energy at point (2) of process (1-2) is represented by the expression (h), the internal gas energy at point (b) ) of process (ab) is represented by expression (i), the energy transferred with the gas mass from point (2) of process (1-2) is represented by expression (j).
  • the energy transferred with the gas mass from point (b) of process (ab) is represented by expression (k)
  • adiabatic expansion process (2-3) is represented by expression (i)
  • process of adiabatic expansion (bc) is represented by the expression (m)
  • the internal energy in gas at point (3) is the resultant energy of point (2) after mass transfer and adiabatic expansion represented by the expression (n)
  • the internal energy in gas at point (c) is that resulting from the energy of point (b) after mass transfer and adiabatic expansion, represented by the expression (o)
  • the internal energy of gas at point (4) of the process (3-4) is represented by expression (p)
  • the internal energy of gas at point (d) of process (cd) is represented by expression (q)
  • the internal energy in gas at point (1) is that resulting from energy of point (4) after the introduction of mass and adiabatic compression, represented by the expression (r)
  • the internal energy n The gas at point (a) is that resulting from the energy of point (d) after
  • Hybrid or torque based differential cycle motors operate on heat, do not require combustion, although they can be used, do not require fuel combustion, although they can be used, so they can operate in environments with or without atmosphere.
  • the thermodynamic cycle does not require physical phase change of the working gas.
  • differential cycle motors can be designed to operate over a wide temperature range, higher than most existing open or closed system based motor cycles. Differential cycle motors are fully flexible in terms of their energy source (heat).
  • Figure 13 shows an application for the use of the differential cycle motor for power generation from geothermal sources.
  • Figure 13 shows a ground heat transfer system 76 for a manifold 74, formed basically by a pump 77 that injects a fluid, usually water, through the duct 73.
  • the collor 74 in the manifold 74 is transferred to the cycle motor.
  • differential 71 which discards part of the energy to the outside through the heat exchanger 75 and converts another part of the energy into work by operating a generator 72 which produces electricity.
  • Figure 14 shows another useful application for the differential cycle motor for producing heat from the sun's heat.
  • the sun's rays are collected through the concentrator 83, the energy (smaller) is transferred to the element 84 which directs the heat to the differential cycle motor 81, which converts part of the energy into useful work to operate an electricity generator. , part of the energy is discharged to the external environment through the exchanger 85.
  • Figure 15 shows another useful application for the differential cycle engine to improve the efficiency of internal combustion engines by forming combined cycles with them.
  • the heat rejected by the exhaust, 96, of the internal combustion engines, indicated by 92, fuel-fed, 97, Brayton cycle, Diesel cycle, Sabathe cycle, Otto cycle, Atkinson cycle, is channeled to the input of energy (heat). of the differential cycle engine 91 via a heat exchanger 93 promoting a heat flow 91 1 of the internal combustion engine 92 towards the differential cycle engine 91 and this converts part of this energy into useful mechanical force, 913 which may be integrated with the mechanical force of the internal combustion engine, 912 generating a single mechanical force, 98, or directed to produce electrical energy.
  • Discarding energy not converted by the differential cycle engine goes to the external environment indicated by 910. This application allows you to recover some of the energy that internal combustion engine cycles cannot use to perform useful work and thus improve the efficiency it generates. ! of the system.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un moteur thermique et son cycle thermodynamique à huit processus, et plus particulièrement une machine thermique caractérisée par deux sous-systèmes thermodynamiques interconnectés, qui mettent chacun en oeuvre un cycle thermodynamique à quatre processus, mais qui sont interdépendants, formant un cycle complexe à huit processus, avec fonctionnement par gaz, le circuit de ce système binaire étant fermé en configuration différentielle, sur la base du concept de système thermodynamique hybride, l'appellation système thermodynamique binaire étant également possible, ledit système réalisant un cycle thermodynamique constitué de huit processus de manière à exécuter, à tout moment du cycle, deux processus simultanés et interdépendants, complémentaires, quatre processus étant "isobares" et quatre processus "adiabatiques" avec transfert de masse variable, laquelle peut être nulle ou partielle.
PCT/BR2017/000091 2016-08-26 2017-08-11 Moteur thermique à cycle différentiel comprenant quatre processus isobares et quatre processus adiabatiques, et procédé de commande pour le cycle thermodynamique du moteur thermique Ceased WO2018035585A1 (fr)

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BRBR102016019857-7 2016-08-26
BR102016019857-7A BR102016019857B1 (pt) 2016-08-26 2016-08-26 Motor térmico de ciclo diferencial composto por quatro processos isobáricos, quatro processos adiabáticos e processo de controle para o ciclo termodinâmico do motor térmico

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WO2020026215A1 (fr) * 2018-08-03 2020-02-06 Saulo Finco Moteur à combustion interne intégré formé par une unité principale à cycle otto et une unité secondaire à pistons, et procédé de commande pour le cycle thermodynamique du moteur

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JPS5732038A (en) * 1980-08-04 1982-02-20 Mitsuo Okamoto Gas system external combustion engine
WO2002095192A1 (fr) * 2001-05-24 2002-11-28 Samuil Naumovich Dunaevsky Procede de transformation quasi complete de chaleur en travail et dispositif de mise en oeuvre correspondant
GB2396887A (en) * 2003-01-06 2004-07-07 Thomas Tsoi Hei Ma Extended cycle reciprocating Stirling engine
JP2005002976A (ja) * 2003-06-11 2005-01-06 Koji Kanamaru 熱気式外燃機関
US8590302B2 (en) * 2010-03-26 2013-11-26 Viking Heat Engines As Thermodynamic cycle and heat engine
JP2013238149A (ja) * 2012-05-14 2013-11-28 Toyota Motor Corp スターリングエンジン
FR2998356A1 (fr) * 2012-11-22 2014-05-23 Olivier Journeaux Groupe de conversion pour centrale electrique solaire thermique et centrale electrique solaire thermique comprenant au moins un tel groupe de conversion
KR20160069454A (ko) * 2014-12-05 2016-06-16 선박안전기술공단 스털링 엔진의 디스플레이서 피스톤 구조

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4133172A (en) * 1977-08-03 1979-01-09 General Motors Corporation Modified Ericsson cycle engine
JPS5732038A (en) * 1980-08-04 1982-02-20 Mitsuo Okamoto Gas system external combustion engine
WO2002095192A1 (fr) * 2001-05-24 2002-11-28 Samuil Naumovich Dunaevsky Procede de transformation quasi complete de chaleur en travail et dispositif de mise en oeuvre correspondant
GB2396887A (en) * 2003-01-06 2004-07-07 Thomas Tsoi Hei Ma Extended cycle reciprocating Stirling engine
JP2005002976A (ja) * 2003-06-11 2005-01-06 Koji Kanamaru 熱気式外燃機関
US8590302B2 (en) * 2010-03-26 2013-11-26 Viking Heat Engines As Thermodynamic cycle and heat engine
JP2013238149A (ja) * 2012-05-14 2013-11-28 Toyota Motor Corp スターリングエンジン
FR2998356A1 (fr) * 2012-11-22 2014-05-23 Olivier Journeaux Groupe de conversion pour centrale electrique solaire thermique et centrale electrique solaire thermique comprenant au moins un tel groupe de conversion
KR20160069454A (ko) * 2014-12-05 2016-06-16 선박안전기술공단 스털링 엔진의 디스플레이서 피스톤 구조

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020026215A1 (fr) * 2018-08-03 2020-02-06 Saulo Finco Moteur à combustion interne intégré formé par une unité principale à cycle otto et une unité secondaire à pistons, et procédé de commande pour le cycle thermodynamique du moteur

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