WO2018016004A1 - Rail traveling structure and machine tool equipped with same - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided are: a rail traveling structure with which it is possible to enhance straight running stability while in motion and vibration-damping capability while at rest; and a machine tool equipped with the rail traveling structure. The rail traveling structure is configured such that a traveling platform (4) equipped with wheels (27, 28) is moved along rails (25) as the wheels (27, 28) roll over the rails (25), and is brought to a halt at a prescribed position on the rails (25), wherein the rails (25) are configured such that a travel portion (31) on which the wheels (27, 28) roll over is formed in a shape different from that of a halt portion (33) at which the wheels (27, 28) come to a halt.

Description

Rail traveling structure and machine tool equipped with the rail traveling structure

The present invention relates to a rail traveling structure in which a traveling table moves when a wheel rolls on a laid rail, and a machine tool including the rail traveling structure.

Machine tools that can move the machine main body have a rail traveling structure in which a rail is laid on the base and a traveling platform on which the machine main body is mounted moves. Patent Document 1 below discloses a rail traveling structure in a work machine. A lathe, which is one of the working machines, has a lathe module that performs cutting work mounted on a base in a movable manner, and is entirely covered with a machine body cover. The lathe module is configured on a movable bed having four wheels on the front, rear, left, and right, and two rails disposed on the base at predetermined intervals are laid on the base. The two rails have different cross-sectional shapes, and the wheel shapes are also different on the left and right according to the rails. Specifically, one of the two rails has a chevron cross section, and the other has a rectangular cross section. Therefore, as for the wheel rolling on the rail, a V-shaped groove is formed on one of the left and right wheels, and a rectangular groove is formed on the other wheel.

International Publication No. WO2016 / 064410

In the conventional example, a gap exists between the wheel having the rectangular groove and the rail in the rectangular groove of the wheel. Therefore, even if there is a displacement in the width direction between the wheel and the rail, the displacement is allowed by the gap. On the other hand, in the wheel having a V-shaped groove and the rail corresponding thereto, positional deviation in the width direction is limited because the slopes on both sides are in contact with each other. Therefore, when the lathe module is moved on the base, excellent straightness is obtained by the action of the V-groove wheel side that restrains the width direction. On the other hand, in order to perform machining, a movable lathe module requires wheels to stop on the rail, and is required to have not only straightness during movement but also vibration damping in a stopped state.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a rail traveling structure with improved straightness during movement and vibration suppression in a stopped state, and a machine tool provided with the rail traveling structure, in order to solve such problems. .

In the rail-type traveling structure according to one aspect of the present invention, when a wheel rolls on the rail, the traveling platform including the wheel is moved along the rail, and the traveling platform is stopped at a predetermined position of the rail. The shape of the rail is different between a moving part where the wheel rolls and a stop part where the wheel stops.

In a machine tool according to another aspect of the present invention, a rail is laid on a base, a machining module is mounted on a traveling platform having wheels that roll on the rail, and the machining platform is moved to move the machining platform. The module can be moved and stopped at the work position, and the shape of the rail is different between a moving part where the wheel rolls and a stopping part where the wheel stops.

According to the present invention, since the rail for moving the traveling platform is constituted by the moving part and the stopping part, the straightness at the time of movement and the vibration damping characteristic at the time of stopping can be improved by the shape of each part. become.

It is the perspective view which showed the internal structure about one Embodiment of the machine tool. It is the perspective view which showed the rail and wheel which comprise the rail running structure of embodiment. It is sectional drawing which showed the rail for a movement and a movable bed. It is sectional drawing which showed the rail for a stop, and a movable bed. It is the partially expanded sectional view which showed the rail for a movement, and the 1st wheel. It is the partially expanded sectional view which showed the rail for a movement, and the 2nd wheel.

Next, an embodiment of a rail traveling structure and a machine tool having the rail traveling structure according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the present embodiment, a machining center will be described as an example of a machine tool. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a structure inside a main body of a machining center. This machining center 1 is arranged together with other machine tools such as a lathe to form a part of the processing machine line, and is configured compactly with other machine tools. In the processing machine line, workpieces are transferred in order by an autoloader, and predetermined processing is executed in each machine tool.

The machining center 1 is a vertical type, and a machining module 2 that is a machine body is covered with a machine body cover (not shown), and a machining chamber for a sealed workpiece is formed inside the cover. The processing module 2 is movable on the base 3 in the front-rear direction, and is assembled on a movable bed 4 having wheels. In the present embodiment, the machine body longitudinal direction of the machining center 1 is the Y-axis direction, the machine body width direction is the X-axis direction, and the machine body vertical direction is the Z-axis direction. The machining center 1 and the processing module 2 shown in FIG.

The machining module 2 is provided with a spindle head 5 for holding a tool at the front. The spindle head 5 includes a spindle chuck 11 to which a tool such as a drill or an end mill is detachably attached, and a spindle motor 12 that rotates the tool held by the spindle chuck 11 is provided. The rotation axis of the spindle head 5 that rotates the tool is in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction). Under the spindle head 5, a work table 15 fixed to the rotating body 13 projects to the front side of the machine body, and a clamp mechanism for holding the work is provided on the upper surface of the work table 15.

The work table 15 is attached to a gantry 16 on the movable bed 4, and the spindle head 5 is attached to be movable in three axial directions by a machining drive unit configured on the gantry 16. A tool magazine 6 storing a plurality of tools is provided between the gantry 16 and the machining drive unit, that is, between the work table 15 and the spindle head 5. In the tool magazine 6, a plurality of tools are accommodated inside a box-shaped magazine body, and a tool table is sent out as the door is opened and closed, so that the tool can be exchanged with the spindle chuck 11. . Further, a control device 7 for driving and controlling the spindle motor 12 and the drive motor of the rotating body 13 is mounted on the machining module 2 behind the movable bed 4.

The machining drive unit of the spindle head 5 moves the tool held by the spindle head 5 in the Z-axis direction, the X-axis drive mechanism for moving in the X-axis direction, and the Y-axis direction. A Y-axis drive mechanism is provided. In particular, the machining module 2 is designed so that the driving mechanisms in the three axial directions are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the machine body, and the width of the machine body is reduced. Specifically, in the Y-axis drive mechanism, the Y-axis slider 21 is mounted on the tool magazine 6 so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction, and in the X-axis drive mechanism, the X-axis slider 22 is placed in the X-axis with respect to the Y-axis slider 21. It is mounted movably in the direction. Further, in the Z-axis drive mechanism, a Z-axis slider 23 is mounted so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction with respect to the X-axis slider, and the spindle head 5 is mounted on the Z-axis slider 23.

Each of the Y-axis slider 21, the X-axis slider 22, and the Z-axis slider 23 is slidably fitted with a guide rail and a guide block, and is slidably assembled in each direction. In each drive mechanism, a nut fixed to each slider is screwed onto a screw shaft connected to the rotation shaft of the servo motor. Therefore, the rotation is converted into a linear motion by the drive control of each servo motor, and the Y-axis slider 21, the X-axis slider 22, and the Z-axis slider 23 move by a predetermined amount in each direction. Thereby, position control with respect to the workpiece | work on the work table 15 is performed with respect to the tool hold | maintained at the spindle head 5. FIG.

By the way, the processing machine line composed of a plurality of machine tools including the machining center 1 has a very compact design as a whole because the machine tools are arranged close to each other in the width direction. In order to achieve the compactness of the machining center 1 as well, the Y-axis slider 21, the X-axis slider 22, and the Z-axis slider 23 are arranged so as to overlap with each other in the Y-axis direction. It is getting smaller. The compact machining center 1 is mounted so that its machining module 2 is adjacent to the machining module of another machine tool on one base 3.

On the base 2, two sets of two rails 25 corresponding to the width of the processing module 2 or the processing module of another machine tool are laid. Accordingly, another processing module is mounted on the base 2 in proximity to the processing module 2. Then, the processing module 2 is configured so that the left first wheel 27 and the right second wheel 28 provided on the movable bed 4 roll on the two rails 25, thereby moving back and forth along the rails 25. It can be moved. Therefore, even if the machining center 1 is arranged close to the adjacent machine tool on the base 3, for example, the machining module 2 covered by the machine body cover is pulled out to the rear side of the base 3, and maintenance and Exchanges can be made.

The machining center 1 incorporates a rail traveling structure including two rails 25 and first and second wheels 27 and 28 of the movable bed 4. In this rail traveling structure, as shown in FIG. 1, the first and second wheels 27 and 28 stop on the rail 25, and the machining module 2 is positioned at a fixed position on the base 2 for machining. During maintenance or the like, the processing module 2 can be moved in the front-rear direction from the stop position. And the rail running structure of this embodiment has taken into consideration the case where the processing module 2 moves on the rail 25 and the case where it is arranged at the processing position. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the rail 25 constituting the rail traveling structure and the first wheel 27 mounted thereon.

The rail 25 includes a moving rail 31 on which the first wheels 27 roll and a stopping rail 33 on which the first wheels 27 stop arranged on the same straight line, thereby forming a single rail. FIG. 1 shows a mounted state at the time of processing when the processing module 2 is stopped on the movable bed 4. The illustrated rail 25 is a rail for stopping at the place where the first wheel 27 of the movable bed 4 is placed. There are 33, and the other portions are the rails 31 for movement. Although the rail 25 for the first wheel 27 is shown here, the rail 25 for the second wheel 28 is also composed of a moving rail 31 and a stopping rail 33.

The processing module 2 in the stopped state shown in FIG. 1 is required to have a damping property against vibrations generated during processing so as not to reduce the processing accuracy of the machining center 1. On the other hand, when moving on the base 2, straightness is required so that the processing module 2 which is a heavy object can be easily moved on the rail 25. The rail traveling structure of the present embodiment has a configuration corresponding to the request with respect to the rail 25 and the first and second wheels 27 and 28.

3 and 4 are cross-sectional views perpendicular to the Y-axis direction showing the rail 25 and the movable bed 4. In particular, in FIG. 3, the first and second wheels 27 and 28 are on the moving rail 31. FIG. 4 shows the case where the first and second wheels 27 and 28 are on the stopping rail 33. FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged sectional view showing the moving rail 31 and the first wheel 27, and FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged sectional view showing the moving rail 31 and the second wheel 28.

As shown in FIG. 5, the moving rail 31 constituting the rail 25 has a trapezoidal cross section when viewed in the longitudinal direction of the portion protruding upward, and spreads at the left and right sides of the upper surface portion 311 which is a plane. An inclined surface portion 312 is formed. And the 1st wheel 27 is formed with the V-shaped groove | channel 271 in which the angle was matched with the slope part 312 of both right-and-left both sides. Therefore, the first wheel 27 that rolls on the moving rail 31 is applied so that the slope of the V-shaped groove 271 is sandwiched between the slope portions 312 of the moving rail 31 from both the left and right sides. A load is applied. Accordingly, the moving rail 31 on the first wheel 27 side functions as a reference rail for restraining the displacement of the first wheel 27 in the left-right width direction and obtaining straightness.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6, the second wheel 28 has a rectangular groove 281 having a surface in contact with the upper surface portion 311 formed in a circumferential shape. The second wheel 28 rolling on the moving rail 31 is provided with a gap 285 between the inner surface of the rectangular groove 281 and the moving rail 31, and relative displacement in the left-right width direction is allowed. Therefore, the movable bed 4 that moves on the base 3 can be straightly moved by the first wheel 27 that rolls on one moving rail 31, and the second wheel 28 that rolls on the other moving rail 31. Assembling errors and dimensional tolerances in the width direction are absorbed. The moving rail 31 on the second wheel 28 side functions as a support rail that supports the movement of the movable bed 4, whereas the moving rail 31 on the first wheel 27 side is the reference rail.

By the way, the circumferential surfaces of the first wheel 27 and the second wheel 28 are formed with V-shaped grooves 271 or rectangular grooves 281 and tapered surfaces 272 and 282 which are inclined so that the diameter on the outer surface side is smaller than the inner surface side. Is formed. Specifically, the circumferential surfaces of the first wheel 27 and the second wheel 28 are tapered so that the diameter decreases from the inner side to the outer side of the movable bed 4 in the vehicle body width direction. A V-shaped groove 271 or a rectangular groove 281 is formed in an intermediate portion in the axial direction of the surface.

The tapered surfaces 272 and 282 have a shape corresponding to the stop rail 33. That is, the stop rail 33 is formed with a tapered surface 331 having the same angle as the tapered surfaces 272 and 282 of the first wheel 27 and the second wheel 28 as shown in FIG. The two rails 25 are formed symmetrically, and the tapered surfaces 331 located on the left and right are inclined so as to be lowered toward the middle direction of the two rails 25, that is, toward the inside of the movable bed 4. The tapered surfaces 331 and 282 of the first wheel 27 and the second wheel 28 are applied to the tapered surface 331 of the stopping rail 33.

Therefore, when the first wheel 27 and the second wheel 28 are positioned on the stop rail 33, the reaction force of the load on the movable bed 4 is transferred from the stop rail 33 to the first wheel 27 and the second wheel 28. In contrast, the movable bed 4 acts toward the inner side in the vehicle body width direction. That is, the movable bed 4 is disposed so as to be supported from both the left and right sides via the first wheel 27 and the second wheel 28. Therefore, in this embodiment, the load applied downward acts as a force that restrains the first wheel 27 and the second wheel 28 from the left and right sides, and the vibration damping performance of the processing module 2 on the movable bed 4 is enhanced. ing.

Therefore, in order to further improve the vibration damping performance, the base 3 is provided with a device for applying a load downward to the movable bed 4. Although a detailed description of the apparatus is omitted, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the movable bed 4 is formed with a funnel-shaped slot portion 41 penetrating in the front-rear direction and protruding from the base 3. A retracting rod 42 is inserted. In particular, the pulling rod 42 has an inverted triangular hooking portion 421 formed at the top thereof inserted into the slot portion 41. When the retracting rod 42 is pulled down by a rod retracting device (not shown), a downward load is applied to the movable bed 4 via the hooking portion 421 hooked on the reduced diameter portion of the slot portion 41. It comes to work.

Therefore, in this embodiment, since the rail 25 for moving the movable bed 4 is constituted by the moving rail 31 and the stopping rail 33, it is possible to improve both the straightness at the time of moving and the vibration damping performance at the time of stopping. it can. Since the first wheel 27 and the second wheel 28 have portions corresponding to both the moving rail 31 and the stopping rail 33 formed on the circumferential surface, the moving rail 31 and the stopping rail 33 are provided. The 1st wheel 27 and the 2nd wheel 28 can be rolled smoothly on one rail 25 consisting of. In addition, when the first wheel 27 and the second wheel 28 roll the pair of left and right rails 25, the first wheel 27 and the second wheel 28 exhibit different functions on the left and right sides. Since the trapezoidal shape is provided, the pair of left and right rails 25 can be made the same.

As mentioned above, although one Embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to these, A various change is possible in the range which does not deviate from the meaning.
For example, in the embodiment, the first wheel 27 is attached to the left side of the movable bed 4 and the second wheel 28 is attached to the right side. However, the attachment positions of the first wheel 27 and the second wheel 28 are reversed left and right. It may be.
In the above-described embodiment, the rail traveling structure incorporated in the machining center 1 has been described. However, the rail traveling structure may be used other than a machine tool.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Machining center 2 ... Processing module 4 ... Movable bed 25 ... Rail 27 ... 1st wheel 28 ... 2nd wheel 31 ... Rail for movement 33 ... Rail for stop 271 ... V-shaped groove 281 ... Rectangular groove 272, 282 ... Tapered surface 311 ... Upper surface part 312 ... Slope part 331 ... Tapered surface

Claims (8)

In the rail-type traveling structure in which the wheel rolls on the rail, the traveling platform provided with the wheel is moved along the rail, and the traveling platform is stopped at a predetermined position of the rail.
The rail-type traveling structure is characterized in that the rail has a different shape between a moving part where the wheel rolls and a stop part where the wheel stops. The wheel has a first portion corresponding to the shape of the moving portion of the rail and a second portion corresponding to the shape of the stopping portion of the rail, which are distinguished from each other in the axle direction on the circumferential surface thereof. The rail-type traveling structure according to claim 1. 3. The rail-type traveling structure according to claim 2, wherein the rail has a projecting shape in cross section of a moving portion of the rail and a tapered shape in which a shape of a stopping portion of the rail is inclined inward. The wheel has a tapered surface that forms the second portion inclined so that the diameter on the outer surface side is smaller than the inner surface side with respect to the circumferential surface, and a concave section in the axially intermediate portion of the tapered surface The rail-type traveling structure according to claim 2, wherein a groove surface that forms the first portion is formed. The rail is a trapezoidal rail in which the cross-sectional shape of the moving part has slopes on the left and right,
The wheel is disposed on one of the left and right sides of the platform, and is disposed on the other of the left and right sides of the platform with a first wheel having a V-shaped groove corresponding to the left and right slope portions of the trapezoidal rail, and the trapezoidal rail. 5. The rail-type traveling structure according to claim 3, wherein the rail-type traveling structure is a second wheel provided with a rectangular groove that hits the upper surface portion of the vehicle. The rail-type traveling structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the rail is configured by separating the moving portion and the stopping portion. A rail is laid on the base, and a processing module is mounted on a traveling platform having wheels that roll on the rail. By moving the traveling platform, the processing module is moved and stopped at the working position. In machine tools that enable
The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein a shape of the rail is different between a moving part where the wheel rolls and a stop part where the wheel stops. The wheel of the traveling platform is formed on the circumferential surface thereof with a first portion corresponding to the shape of the moving portion of the rail and a second portion corresponding to the shape of the stopping portion of the rail distinguished in the axle direction. The machine tool according to claim 7, wherein the machine tool is a machine tool.

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