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WO2018015112A1 - New methods for obtaining aromatic compounds from furan compounds and ethanol - Google Patents

New methods for obtaining aromatic compounds from furan compounds and ethanol Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018015112A1
WO2018015112A1 PCT/EP2017/065772 EP2017065772W WO2018015112A1 WO 2018015112 A1 WO2018015112 A1 WO 2018015112A1 EP 2017065772 W EP2017065772 W EP 2017065772W WO 2018015112 A1 WO2018015112 A1 WO 2018015112A1
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acid
ethanol
xylene
chosen
catalyst
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Inventor
Sandrine Berard
Christophe Vallee
Sylvie Maury
Damien Delcroix
Marc Jacquin
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C10G3/42Catalytic treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J21/00Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J29/06Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/40Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C1/00Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
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    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C51/00Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
    • C07C51/347Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups
    • C07C51/377Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by splitting-off hydrogen or functional groups; by hydrogenolysis of functional groups
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    • B01J2229/10After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
    • B01J2229/20After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements in the catalyst composition comprising the molecular sieve, but not specially in or on the molecular sieve itself
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J2229/42Addition of matrix or binder particles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J35/00Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/60Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J35/61Surface area
    • B01J35/615100-500 m2/g
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J35/60Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J35/63Pore volume
    • B01J35/633Pore volume less than 0.5 ml/g
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • C07C2523/16Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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    • C07C2529/00Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
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    • C07C2529/06Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • C07C2529/40Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1011Biomass
    • C10G2300/1014Biomass of vegetal origin
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2400/00Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
    • C10G2400/30Aromatics
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
    • Y02P30/20Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock

Definitions

  • Aromatic compounds and more particularly aromatic compounds with at least 8 carbons such as p-xylene and terephthalic acid, are among the main intermediates used in petrochemicals. For example, 95% of p-xylene is converted to terephthalic acid to produce polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a polymer widely used in packaging.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • p-xylene is exclusively produced from petroleum resources, for example via catalytic reforming reactions of heavy naphthas.
  • the p-xylene thus obtained is systematically accompanied by three isomers: ⁇ -xylene, m-xylene, and ethylbenzene.
  • the p-xylene isomer is the most interesting industrially, especially for the production of PET.
  • 5-hydroxymethylfurfural 5-HMF
  • FDCA 2,5-dimethylfuran
  • FDF diformylfuran
  • the 5-HMF or these furan derivatives mentioned above also allow access to various aromatic compounds, such as p-xylene or terephthalic acid (PTA).
  • PTA terephthalic acid
  • the ethylene thus obtained can be used in Diels-Alder reactions.
  • the dehydration reaction of ethanol to ethylene is a balanced reaction and therefore requires substantial recycling of unconverted ethanol and diethyl ether as well as separation of the ethylene formed.
  • the processes developed for the production of ethylene from ethanol are complex and difficult to implement.
  • the Applicant has discovered a new process allowing direct access to aromatic compounds of interest by contacting ethanol and / or diethyl ether with a furan compound in the presence of one or more homogeneous catalysts. or heterogeneous by avoiding a step independent of heavy and expensive dehydration.
  • the present invention also makes it possible to obtain fully biosourced aromatic derivatives in a single step by using reagents derived from biomass.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a new process for the production of aromatic compounds comprising the reaction between a furan compound, ethanol and / or diethyl ether, in the presence of one or more acid catalysts, homogeneous or heterogeneous, in the presence or absence of a solvent, at a temperature of between 0 and 400 ° C. and at a pressure of between 0.1 and 50 MPa.
  • An advantage of the present invention is to perform the dehydration reactions of ethanol and / or diethyl ether to ethylene and Diels-Alder between ethylene and a furan compound in a single step in the same reaction medium allowing obtaining aromatic compounds, without intermediate separation step (s).
  • the conversion of ethylene by the Diels-Alder reaction with the furanic compound makes it possible to shift the equilibrium of the dehydration reaction of ethanol to ethylene and thus to improve the degree of conversion of the dehydration reaction.
  • Another advantage of the process according to the present invention is to give access to aromatic compounds entirely derived from biomass, in the case of the use of ethanol and furan compounds both derived from biomass.
  • Bronsted acid is meant a molecule of the Bronsted acid family carrying at least one acid function.
  • heterogeneous catalyst means a catalyst that is soluble in the reaction medium.
  • heterogeneous catalyst is meant a catalyst insoluble in the reaction medium.
  • biosourced is meant a compound obtained from biomass.
  • FDCA 2,5-furanedicarboxylic acid
  • 5-HMF is meant 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.
  • 2,5-DMF is meant 2,5-dimethylfuran.
  • PET is understood to mean polyethylene terephthalate
  • the feedstock of the process is composed of furan compounds represented by the general formula below:
  • R 1 and R 2 are identical or different, may represent an aldehyde -C (O) H function, a carboxylic acid function -COOH, a -COOR 3 ester function, a hydroxymethyl function -CH 2 OH, an ether function -CH 2 OR 4 or a linear or branched or cyclic alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbons, and
  • R3 and R4 represent a linear or branched or cyclic alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbons.
  • R1 and R2 are methyl groups.
  • R3 and R4 are methyl groups.
  • the furanic compound is biobased.
  • the furanic compound is chosen from 5-HMF, 2,5-DMF, 2,5-furanedicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and dimethyl 2,5-furanedicarboxylate. .
  • ethanol is biobased.
  • the ethanol is derived from the fermentation of first or second generation renewable saccharides such as glucose, xylose, fructose, starch, inulin, hemicellulose or cellulose.
  • the process comprises a step of reaction between the furan compound and ethanol and / or diethyl ether to obtain the corresponding aromatic compound, in the presence of one or more catalysts and in the presence or absence of a solvent. said step operating at a temperature between 0 ⁇ and 400 ⁇ and at a pressure of between 0.1 and 50 MPa.
  • the reaction is carried out in the presence of one or more catalysts.
  • the at least one catalyst is advantageously chosen from homogeneous, inorganic or organic Bronsted acid catalysts, homogeneous Lewis acid catalysts and heterogeneous catalysts.
  • the homogeneous inorganic catalysts, Bronsted acid are chosen from hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
  • the organic homogeneous catalysts, Bronsted acid are selected from methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, acetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid.
  • the inorganic homogeneous catalysts, Bronsted acid are also chosen from heteropolyacids such as phosphomolybdic acid, phosphotungstic acid, silicomolybdic acid and silicotungstic acid.
  • the homogeneous Lewis acid catalysts are chosen from compounds derived from boron, aluminum and metals. transition, rare earths and preferably from the following compounds: AlCl 3 , Al (OTf) 3 , BF 3 , ZnCl 2 , FeCl 3 , HfCl 4 , SnCl 4 , TiCl 4 , Yb (OTf) 3 and Sc (OTf) ) 3 .
  • the homogeneous Lewis acid catalysts are selected from AlCl 3 , Al (OTf) 3 and Sc (OTf) 3 .
  • the heterogeneous catalysts are chosen from among silicon oxides, aluminum oxides, aluminosilicates, zeolites, zeolite or non-zeolite molecular sieves, zirconia oxides, titanium oxides, doped cerium oxides, coals, coals treated with an acid such as phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid.
  • heterogeneous catalysts may or may not also advantageously be prepared by any method of incorporation of heteropolyacids known to those skilled in the art on silicon oxides, aluminum oxides, aluminosilicates, zeolites, zeolite molecular sieves or not, zirconia oxides, titanium oxides, doped cerium oxides, coals, coals treated with an acid such as phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid.
  • the heterogeneous catalysts may or may not be also advantageously doped with metal elements selected from tungsten and tin.
  • the heterogeneous catalyst has a surface area greater than 100 m 2 / g, preferably between 100 and 600 m 2 / g and very preferably between 100 and 500 m 2 / g.
  • the heterogeneous catalysts used alone or in mixtures undergo a prior heat treatment step prior to their use in the process according to the invention.
  • the heat treatment is advantageously carried out at a temperature of between 150 and 700% and preferably between 150 and 600% under oxygen or air atmosphere.
  • the reaction is carried out in the presence or absence of a solvent.
  • the nature of the solvent may affect reaction rate, reagent conversion, product yield, and product separation from the reaction medium.
  • a combination of solvents may also be used.
  • the solvent or the mixture of solvents are chosen from saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons, aliphatic or branched, cyclic or aromatic.
  • the preferred solvent or solvents are advantageously chosen from heptane, hexane, cyclohexane, toluene, ⁇ -xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene.
  • the solvent or the mixture of solvents are chosen from hydrocarbons and very preferably the solvent is heptane.
  • the solvent or solvent mixture may also advantageously be chosen from non-protic oxygenated solvents chosen from linear or cyclic ethers and polyethers, esters, sulphoxides and amides.
  • the preferred solvents are advantageously chosen from diethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide and N-methylpyrrolidone.
  • the chosen solvent is diethyl ether, it can advantageously be obtained by dehydration of biosourced ethanol, in situ or ex situ.
  • the solvent or the mixture of solvents may also advantageously be chosen from protic oxygenated solvents chosen from water, alcohols and carboxylic acids.
  • the preferred solvents are advantageously chosen from water, ethanol, acetic acid and polyethylene glycol.
  • the solvent or the mixture of solvents may also advantageously be chosen from halogenated solvents.
  • the preferred solvents are advantageously chosen from dichloromethane, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. Process of transformation
  • the process for producing aromatic compounds comprises at least the reaction between a furan compound, ethanol and / or diethyl ether, in the presence of one or more acidic, homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts, in the presence or absence of no solvent, at a temperature between 0 and 400 ⁇ and at a pressure between 0.1 and 50 MP a.
  • the process according to the invention thus makes it possible to overcome the limits of the dehydration of ethanol and / or diethyl ether to ethylene. Indeed, when it is desired to dehydrate ethanol and / or diethyl ether to ethylene, the conversion is partial, and it is necessary to separate the products (water and ethylene) of the unconverted reagent or reagents to recycle them to the reactor.
  • said ex-situ, the dehydration of ethanol can be carried out in a step prior to the implementation of the process according to the invention to form a mixture of ethanol, diethyl ether and ethylene. Said mixture can be used without further treatment in the next step of forming the aromatic compounds according to the present invention.
  • ethanol and diethyl ether alone or as a mixture, are dehydrated under the conditions of the present invention, either in the presence of the furan compound, of a catalyst alone or as a mixture and in the presence or absence of a solvent.
  • the aromatic compounds formed can be engaged in an oxidation step.
  • the oxidized aromatic compound obtained at the end of the oxidation step is terephthalic acid or a derivative of terephthalic acid.
  • the furan compound and / or ethanol can be bio-sourced giving access after the Diels-Alder step to biobased aromatic compounds.
  • the unconverted ethanol mixture and / or diethyl ether and / or ethylene are recycled to the reactor.
  • the temperature and pressure of the reaction according to the invention affect the reaction rate, the conversion of the reagents and the product yield.
  • the reaction is carried out at a temperature between 400 and CTC ⁇ , preferably between 100 ⁇ and 300 ⁇ and very preferably between 150 and 300 ⁇ C.
  • the reaction is carried out at a pressure of the reaction medium of between 0.1 and 50 MPa, preferably between 0.1 and 20 MPa and preferably between 0.5 and 10 MPa.
  • Said reaction may advantageously be carried out batchwise or continuously.
  • the reaction time can advantageously vary with the reaction conditions and therefore the rate of conversion of the charge.
  • reaction time is advantageously between 0.1 and 120 hours and preferably 1 and 100 hours.
  • the reaction medium is heated between 1 and 50 hours.
  • the process according to the invention is carried out in the presence of a solvent, the furanic compound is introduced into said process in an amount corresponding to a mass ratio solvent / furan compound between 1 and 1000, preferably between 1 and 500 and more preferably between 5 and 100.
  • the ethanol is introduced into the process according to the invention in an amount corresponding to an ethanol / furan compound mass ratio of between 1 and 200, preferably between 1 and 100, and still preferably between 5 and 50.
  • the catalyst or catalysts are advantageously introduced into the reaction medium in an amount corresponding to a mass ratio of furan compound / catalyst (s) of between 1 and 1000, preferably between 1 and 1000. 500, preferably between 1 and 100, preferably between 1 and 50 and even more preferably between 1 and 25.
  • a mass ratio of furan compound / catalyst of between 1 and 1000, preferably between 1 and 1000.
  • 500 preferably between 1 and 100, preferably between 1 and 50 and even more preferably between 1 and 25.
  • the textural and structural properties of the support and the catalyst described below are determined by the characterization methods known to man of the job.
  • the total pore volume and the porous distribution are determined in the present invention by nitrogen porosimetry as described in the book "Adsorption by powders and porous solids. Principles, methodology and applications "written by F. Rouquérol, J. Rouquérol and K. Sing, Academy Press, 1999.
  • Specific surface area is understood to mean the BET specific surface area (SBET in m 2 / g) determined by nitrogen adsorption in accordance with the ASTM D 3663-78 standard established from the BRUNAUER-EMMETT-TELLER method described in the "The Journal of American Society, 1938, 60, 309.
  • Catalyst A dealuminated zeolite doped with phosphorus and calcium
  • a ZSM-5 zeolite of molar ratio Si / Al 12, in the ammonium form, is shaped by mixing with a silicic binder in the presence of water and with additives making it possible to facilitate the shaping to reach a final mass ratio. 80/20 zeolite / silica.
  • the solid obtained is then dried for 16 h at 140 ° C. and then calcined for 10 h at ⁇ . This solid is then treated hydrothermally under 100% water vapor for 6 hours at ⁇ . At the end of this treatment, the solid is brought into contact with an aqueous solution of H 3 PO 4 (85% by weight) under dry impregnation conditions in order to reach a content of approximately 3% by weight. phosphorus on the final solid.
  • This solid is dried for 10 hours. Then, the solid is put in contact with an aqueous solution of CaCO 3 to introduce by dry impregnation about 1% Ca on the final solid. Then the solid is dried at 110 OC for 16 hours. At the end of this treatment, the solid is hydrothermal treatment at 600 ⁇ for 2 h under 100% water vapor. The final solid contains 2.8% by weight of phosphorus and 0.9% by weight of calcium.
  • the BET surface of the catalyst is 300 m 2 / g.
  • the total pore volume measured by nitrogen adsorption is 0.180 ml / g.
  • the microporous volume measured by nitrogen adsorption is 0.1 ml / g.
  • Catalyst B silica alumina
  • the aluminum hydroxide powder was prepared according to the process described in patent WO 00/01617. This powder is mixed with a silica sol prepared by exchange on decationizing resin, then filtered on resin of porosity 2. The concentrations of silica sol and aluminum hydroxide powder are adjusted so as to obtain a final composition of 70 % Al 2 O 3 and 30% SiO 2 .
  • the shaping is carried out in the presence of 8% of nitric acid relative to the anhydrous product.
  • the kneading is done on a Z-arm kneader.
  • the extrusion is carried out by passing the dough through a die provided with orifices of diameter 1, 4 mm. The extrudates thus obtained are dried at 150 ° C., then calcined at 550 ° C. and then calcined at 700 ° C. in the presence of steam.
  • the BET surface area of the catalyst is 249 m 2 / g.
  • the total pore volume, measured by nitrogen adsorption, is 0.49 ml / g
  • Catalyst C The tungsten zirconia catalyst (Zr0 2 -WO x ) is commercial and contains 10.3% tungsten by weight.
  • the BET surface area of the catalyst is 364 m 2 / g.
  • the total pore volume is measured by nitrogen adsorption of 0.427 ml / g,
  • microporous volume is zero.
  • Catalyst D Zeolite Beta
  • Catalyst D is a commercial Beta zeolite in ammonium form, containing 85 ppm of sodium, with a specific surface area of 637 m 2 / g, an Si / Al 50 ratio and a microporous volume of 0.209 ml / g.
  • the catalyst was calcined at 550 ° C. for 4 hours to obtain the acidic form of the zeolite and then be engaged in the catalytic reactions described in the examples.
  • the tolene pressure is 4.5 MPa and is adjusted to 6.0 MPa with nitrogen, which is maintained for 28 hours.
  • the reaction mixture is cooled to 25 ° C.
  • the g az phase and the liquid phase are analyzed by gas chromatography.
  • the yield of p-xylene is 2%.
  • P-xylene can then be oxidized to terephthalic acid (PTA).
  • Example 4 Production of p-xylene from 2,5-dimethylfuran and ethanol in the presence of catalyst A and catalyst B

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing aromatic compounds, involving reacting a furan compound, ethanol and/or diethyl ether in the presence of one or multiple acid catalysts, which can be homogeneous or heterogeneous, in the presence or absence of a solvent and at a temperature between 0 and 400°C and a pressure between 0.1 and 50 MPa.

Description

NOUVEAUX PROCEDES D'OBTENTION DE COMPOSES AROMATIQUES A PARTIR DE COMPOSES FURANIQUES ET D'ETHANOL  NOVEL METHODS OF OBTAINING AROMATIC COMPOUNDS FROM FURANIC COMPOUNDS AND ETHANOL

DOMAINE TECHNIQUE TECHNICAL AREA

Ces dernières années, la prise de conscience du caractère limité des ressources fossiles comme le pétrole s'est accompagné du développement de nombreuses voies alternatives pour la production des grands intermédiaires de la chimie à partir de réactifs issu de la biomasse.  In recent years, the awareness of the limited nature of fossil resources such as oil has been accompanied by the development of numerous alternative routes for the production of major intermediates in chemistry from reagents derived from biomass.

Les composés aromatiques, et plus particulièrement les composés aromatiques à au moins 8 carbones comme le p-xylène et l'acide téréphtalique, font partie des principaux intermédiaires utilisé en pétrochimie. A titre d'exemple, 95% du p-xylène est transformé en acide téréphtalique servant à produire le polyéthylènetéréphtalate (PET), polymère largement employé dans les emballages. A ce jour, le p-xylène est exclusivement produit à partir de ressources pétrolières, par exemple par l'intermédiaire des réactions de reformage catalytique de naphtas lourds. Le p-xylène ainsi obtenu est systématiquement accompagnée de trois isomères : Γο-xylène, le m-xylène, et l'éthylbenzène. L'isomère p-xylène est le plus intéressant industriellement, notamment pour la production de PET. Afin d'optimiser la production de p-xylène, il est indispensable d'effectuer la séparation des aromatiques C8, ainsi que l'isomérisation des isomères m-xylène, o-xylène et de l'éthylbenzène en p-xylène. Ces étapes de séparation et d'isomérisation engendrent des coûts supplémentaires pour la production de PET à partir de p-xylène fossile. Aromatic compounds, and more particularly aromatic compounds with at least 8 carbons such as p-xylene and terephthalic acid, are among the main intermediates used in petrochemicals. For example, 95% of p-xylene is converted to terephthalic acid to produce polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a polymer widely used in packaging. To date, p-xylene is exclusively produced from petroleum resources, for example via catalytic reforming reactions of heavy naphthas. The p-xylene thus obtained is systematically accompanied by three isomers: Γο-xylene, m-xylene, and ethylbenzene. The p-xylene isomer is the most interesting industrially, especially for the production of PET. In order to optimize the production of p-xylene, it is essential to carry out the separation of the C8 aromatics as well as the isomerization of the m-xylene, o-xylene isomers and of the ethylbenzene to p-xylene. These separation and isomerization steps generate additional costs for PET production from fossil p-xylene.

De plus, la pression actuelle du marché sur la disponibilité des composés aromatiques rend le développement de nouvelles voies de productions alternatives indispensable. Afin de minimiser l'empreinte environnementale des ressources et procédés de transformations, il est également souhaitable que ces voies alternatives puissent impliquer des réactifs issus de ressources renouvelables tel que les composés furaniques ou l'éthanol, obtenus par exemple à partir de la biomasse lignocellulosique et ainsi s'affranchir des ressources fossiles.  In addition, the current market pressure on the availability of aromatic compounds makes the development of new alternative production routes indispensable. In order to minimize the environmental footprint of resources and processes of transformation, it is also desirable that these alternative routes may involve reagents derived from renewable resources such as furan compounds or ethanol, obtained for example from lignocellulosic biomass and to get rid of fossil resources.

ART ANTERIEUR PRIOR ART

Des études récentes décrivent la production de composés furaniques à partir de ressources renouvelables comme les biomasses saccharifères de première ou de deuxième génération. La production de 5-hydroxyméthylfurfural (5-HMF) par déshydrartation de sucres tels que le fructose et le glucose est connue depuis de nombreuses années. Le 5-HMF peut par la suite être réduit en 2,5-diméthylfurane (2,5-DMF), en 2,5-dihydroxyméthylfurane (2,5-DHMF) ou en 2-hydroxyméthyl-5-méthylfurane. Le 5-HMF peut également être oxydé en acide 2,5-furanedicarboxylique (FDCA) ou en diformylfurane (DFF). Recent studies describe the production of furanic compounds from renewable resources such as first- or second-generation saccharifice biomasses. The production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) by dehydrartation of sugars such as fructose and glucose has been known for many years. 5-HMF can subsequently be reduced to 2,5-dimethylfuran (2,5-DMF), 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran (2,5-DHMF) or 2-hydroxymethyl-5-methylfuran. 5-HMF can also be oxidized to 2,5-furanedicarboxylic acid (FDCA) or diformylfuran (FDF).

Le 5-HMF ou ces dérivés furaniques cités ci-dessus permettent également d'accéder à divers composés aromatiques, tel que le p-xylène ou l'acide téréphtalique (PTA).  The 5-HMF or these furan derivatives mentioned above also allow access to various aromatic compounds, such as p-xylene or terephthalic acid (PTA).

De nombreuses méthodes décrivent la réaction de Diels-Alder entre des composés furaniques et l'éthylène pour la synthèse de composés aromatiques. On peut notamment citer, les demandes US2010/0331568, WO2013/040514, qui décrivent l'obtention de p-xylène par la réaction de Diels-Alder entre le 2,5-diméthylfurane avec l'éthylène. Le brevet US 7,385,081 décrit l'obtention de l'acide téréphtalique par la réaction de Diels-Alder entre l'acide 2,5-furanedicarboxylique et l'éthylène. Dans un contexte de diminution des ressources fossiles, il est indispensable de développer des nouvelles méthodes alternatives pour l'obtention de ces composés aromatiques. Numerous methods describe the Diels-Alder reaction between furan compounds and ethylene for the synthesis of aromatic compounds. These include US2010 / 0331568 and WO2013 / 040514, which describe the production of p-xylene by the Diels-Alder reaction between 2,5-dimethylfuran and ethylene. US Pat. No. 7,385,081 describes the production of terephthalic acid by the Diels-Alder reaction between 2,5-furanedicarboxylic acid and ethylene. In a context of diminishing fossil resources, it is essential to develop new alternative methods for obtaining these aromatic compounds.

Il est connu que l'éthylène peut être obtenu par déshydratation de l'éthanol.It is known that ethylene can be obtained by dehydration of ethanol.

Notamment, la demande US2014/0017744 décrit l'utilisation d'éthanol issu de la biomasse, en présence d'un catalyseur de déshydratation à des températures comprises entre 700 et 1000Ό afin de former de l'é thylène issu de la biomasse.In particular, the application US2014 / 0017744 describes the use of ethanol from biomass, in the presence of a dehydration catalyst at temperatures between 700 and 1000 ° to form ethylene from the biomass.

L'éthylène ainsi obtenu peut être utilisé dans des réactions de Diels-Alder. The ethylene thus obtained can be used in Diels-Alder reactions.

La réaction de déshydratation de l'éthanol en éthylène est une réaction équilibrée et nécessite donc des recyclages importants d'éthanol et diéthyléther non convertis ainsi qu'une séparation de l'éthylène formé. Les procédés développés pour la production de l'éthylène à partir de l'éthanol sont complexes et difficiles à mettre en œuvre. On peut notamment citer la demande FR2998568 qui décrit un procédé complexe, multi-étapes de transformation de l'éthanol en éthylène par déshydratation successive et nécessitant une étape de séparation. De manière surprenante, la demanderesse a découvert un nouveau procédé permettant l'accès direct à des composés aromatiques d'intérêts par la mise en contact de l'éthanol et/ou du diéthyléther avec un composé furanique en présence d'un ou plusieurs catalyseurs homogènes ou hétérogènes en s'affranchissant d'une étape indépendante de déshydratation lourde et coûteuse. De plus, la présente invention permet également l'obtention de dérivés aromatiques entièrement biosourcés en une seule étape par l'utilisation de réactifs issus de la biomasse. The dehydration reaction of ethanol to ethylene is a balanced reaction and therefore requires substantial recycling of unconverted ethanol and diethyl ether as well as separation of the ethylene formed. The processes developed for the production of ethylene from ethanol are complex and difficult to implement. We can notably quote the application FR2998568 which describes a complex, multi-step process of transformation of ethanol into ethylene by successive dehydration and requiring a separation step. Surprisingly, the Applicant has discovered a new process allowing direct access to aromatic compounds of interest by contacting ethanol and / or diethyl ether with a furan compound in the presence of one or more homogeneous catalysts. or heterogeneous by avoiding a step independent of heavy and expensive dehydration. In addition, the present invention also makes it possible to obtain fully biosourced aromatic derivatives in a single step by using reagents derived from biomass.

RESUME DE L'INVENTION SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Un objet de la présente invention est donc de fournir un nouveau procédé de production de composés aromatiques comprenant la réaction entre un composé furanique, de l'éthanol et/ou du diéthyléther, en présence d'un ou plusieurs catalyseurs acides, homogènes ou hétérogènes, en présence ou non de solvant, à une température comprise entre 0 et 400Ό et à une pres sion comprise entre 0,1 et 50 MPa. An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a new process for the production of aromatic compounds comprising the reaction between a furan compound, ethanol and / or diethyl ether, in the presence of one or more acid catalysts, homogeneous or heterogeneous, in the presence or absence of a solvent, at a temperature of between 0 and 400 ° C. and at a pressure of between 0.1 and 50 MPa.

Un avantage de la présente invention est de réaliser les réactions de déshydratation de l'éthanol et/ou de diéthyléther en éthylène et de Diels-Alder entre l'éthylène et un composé furanique en une seule et unique étape dans le même milieu réactionnel permettant l'obtention de composés aromatiques, sans étape(s) de séparation(s) intermédiaire(s). En effet, la conversion de l'éthylène par la réaction de Diels-Alder avec le composé furanique permet de déplacer l'équilibre de la réaction de déshydratation de l'éthanol en éthylène et ainsi améliorer le taux de conversion de la réaction de déshydratation.  An advantage of the present invention is to perform the dehydration reactions of ethanol and / or diethyl ether to ethylene and Diels-Alder between ethylene and a furan compound in a single step in the same reaction medium allowing obtaining aromatic compounds, without intermediate separation step (s). In fact, the conversion of ethylene by the Diels-Alder reaction with the furanic compound makes it possible to shift the equilibrium of the dehydration reaction of ethanol to ethylene and thus to improve the degree of conversion of the dehydration reaction.

Un autre avantage du procédé selon la présente invention est de donner accès à des composés aromatiques entièrement issus de la biomasse, dans le cas de l'utilisation d'éthanol et de composés furaniques tous deux issus de la biomasse.  Another advantage of the process according to the present invention is to give access to aromatic compounds entirely derived from biomass, in the case of the use of ethanol and furan compounds both derived from biomass.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTION DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Définition et Abréviations Definition and Abbreviations

Dans l'ensemble de la description les termes ou abréviations ci-après ont le sens suivant.  Throughout the description the terms or abbreviations hereinafter have the following meaning.

On entend par acide de Bronsted une molécule de la famille des acides de Bronsted portant au moins une fonction acide.  By Bronsted acid is meant a molecule of the Bronsted acid family carrying at least one acid function.

On entend par catalyseur homogène un catalyseur soluble dans le milieu réactionnel. On entend par catalyseur hétérogène un catalyseur insoluble dans le milieu réactionnel.  The term "homogeneous catalyst" means a catalyst that is soluble in the reaction medium. By heterogeneous catalyst is meant a catalyst insoluble in the reaction medium.

On entend par biosourcé, un composé obtenu à partir de la biomasse.  By biosourced is meant a compound obtained from biomass.

On entend par FDCA l'acide 2,5-furanedicarboxylique. By FDCA is meant 2,5-furanedicarboxylic acid.

On entend par 5-HMF, le 5-hydroxyméthylfurfural. On entend par 2,5-DMF, le 2,5-diméthylfurane. By 5-HMF is meant 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. By 2,5-DMF is meant 2,5-dimethylfuran.

On entend par PET, le polyéthylènetéréphtalate PET is understood to mean polyethylene terephthalate

Dans le sens de la présente invention, les différents modes de réalisation présentés peuvent être utilisés seul ou en combinaison les uns avec les autres, sans limitation de combinaison. In the sense of the present invention, the various embodiments presented can be used alone or in combination with each other, without limitation of combination.

La charge  Load

Conformément à l'invention, la charge du procédé est composée de composés furaniques représentés par la formule générale ci-dessous :

Figure imgf000005_0001
According to the invention, the feedstock of the process is composed of furan compounds represented by the general formula below:
Figure imgf000005_0001

Où R1 et R2, sont identiques ou différents, peuvent représenter une fonction aldéhyde -C(0)H, une fonction acide carboxylique -COOH, une fonction ester -COOR3, une fonction hydroxyméthyle -CH2OH, une fonction éther -CH2OR4 ou un groupement alkyle linéaire ou branché ou cyclique de 1 à 6 carbones, et Where R 1 and R 2, are identical or different, may represent an aldehyde -C (O) H function, a carboxylic acid function -COOH, a -COOR 3 ester function, a hydroxymethyl function -CH 2 OH, an ether function -CH 2 OR 4 or a linear or branched or cyclic alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbons, and

R3 et R4 représentant un groupement alkyle linéaire ou branché ou cyclique de 1 à 6 carbones.  R3 and R4 represent a linear or branched or cyclic alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbons.

De manière préférée, R1 et R2 sont des groupements méthyle.  Preferably, R1 and R2 are methyl groups.

De manière préférée, R3 et R4 sont des groupements méthyle. Preferably, R3 and R4 are methyl groups.

Dans un mode de réalisation préférée de l'invention, le composé furanique est biosourcé. Dans un mode de réalisation très préférée de l'invention, le composé furanique est choisi parmi le 5-HMF, le 2,5-DMF, l'acide 2,5-furanedicarboxylique (FDCA) et le 2,5-furanedicarboxylate de diméthyle. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the furanic compound is biobased. In a very preferred embodiment of the invention, the furanic compound is chosen from 5-HMF, 2,5-DMF, 2,5-furanedicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and dimethyl 2,5-furanedicarboxylate. .

Dans un mode de réalisation préférée de l'invention, l'éthanol est biosourcé. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, ethanol is biobased.

Dans un mode de réalisation très préférée de l'invention, l'éthanol est issu de la fermentation de saccharides renouvelables de première ou deuxième génération comme le glucose, le xylose, le fructose, l'amidon, l'inuline, l'hémicellulose ou la cellulose. Conformément à l'invention, le procédé comprend une étape de réaction entre le composé furanique et l'éthanol et/ou le diéthyléther pour obtenir le composé aromatique correspondant, en présence d'un ou plusieurs catalyseurs et en présence ou non d'un solvant, ladite étape opérant à une température comprise entre 0Ό et 400^ et à une pression comprise entre 0,1 et 50 MP a. In a very preferred embodiment of the invention, the ethanol is derived from the fermentation of first or second generation renewable saccharides such as glucose, xylose, fructose, starch, inulin, hemicellulose or cellulose. According to the invention, the process comprises a step of reaction between the furan compound and ethanol and / or diethyl ether to obtain the corresponding aromatic compound, in the presence of one or more catalysts and in the presence or absence of a solvent. said step operating at a temperature between 0Ό and 400 ^ and at a pressure of between 0.1 and 50 MPa.

Le schéma général suivant illustre la réaction du procédé selon la présente invention :  The following general scheme illustrates the reaction of the process according to the present invention:

Figure imgf000006_0001
Figure imgf000006_0001

aromatique  aromatic

Les catalyseurs Catalysts

Conformément à l'invention, la réaction est réalisée en présence d'un ou plusieurs catalyseurs. Le ou lesdits catalyseurs sont avantageusement choisis parmi les catalyseurs homogènes, acide de Bronsted, minéraux ou organiques, les catalyseurs homogènes acides de Lewis et les catalyseurs hétérogènes.  According to the invention, the reaction is carried out in the presence of one or more catalysts. The at least one catalyst is advantageously chosen from homogeneous, inorganic or organic Bronsted acid catalysts, homogeneous Lewis acid catalysts and heterogeneous catalysts.

Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, les catalyseurs homogènes minéraux, acide de Bronsted, sont choisis parmi l'acide chlorhydrique, l'acide bromhydrique, l'acide sulfurique, l'acide nitrique. In one embodiment of the invention, the homogeneous inorganic catalysts, Bronsted acid, are chosen from hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid.

Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, les catalyseurs homogènes organiques, acide de Bronsted sont choisis parmi l'acide méthanesulfonique, l'acide trifluorométhanesulfonique, l'acide p-toluènesuflonique, l'acide acétique et l'acide trifluoroacétique. Dans un mode de réalisation préférée de l'invention, les catalyseurs homogènes minéraux, acide de Bronsted, sont également choisis parmi les hétéropolyacides comme l'acide phosphomolybdique, l'acide phosphotungstique, l'acide silicomolybdique et l'acide silicotungstique. In one embodiment of the invention, the organic homogeneous catalysts, Bronsted acid are selected from methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, acetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the inorganic homogeneous catalysts, Bronsted acid, are also chosen from heteropolyacids such as phosphomolybdic acid, phosphotungstic acid, silicomolybdic acid and silicotungstic acid.

Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, les catalyseurs homogènes, acide de Lewis, sont choisis parmi les composés dérivés du bore, de l'aluminium, des métaux de transition, des terres rares et de manière préférée parmi les composés suivants : AICI3, AI(OTf)3, BF3, ZnCI2, FeCI3, HfCI4, SnCI4, TiCI4, Yb(OTf)3 et Sc(OTf)3. In one embodiment of the invention, the homogeneous Lewis acid catalysts are chosen from compounds derived from boron, aluminum and metals. transition, rare earths and preferably from the following compounds: AlCl 3 , Al (OTf) 3 , BF 3 , ZnCl 2 , FeCl 3 , HfCl 4 , SnCl 4 , TiCl 4 , Yb (OTf) 3 and Sc (OTf) ) 3 .

Dans un mode de réalisation préférée de l'invention, les catalyseurs homogènes, acide de Lewis, sont choisi parmi AICI3, AI(OTf)3 et Sc(OTf)3. Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, les catalyseurs hétérogènes sont choisis parmi les oxydes de silicium, les oxydes d'aluminium, les aluminosilicates, les zéolithes, les tamis moléculaires zéolithiques ou non, les oxydes de zircone, les oxydes de titane, les oxydes de cérium dopés, les charbons, les charbons traités par un acide tel que l'acide phosphorique ou l'acide sulfurique. Les catalyseurs hétérogènes peuvent ou non également avantageusement être préparés par toute méthode d'incorporation d'hétéropolyacides connue de l'Homme de l'art sur les oxydes de silicium, les oxydes d'aluminium, les aluminosilicates, les zéolithes, les tamis moléculaires zéolithiques ou non, les oxydes de zircone, les oxydes de titane, les oxydes de cérium dopés, les charbons, les charbons traités par un acide tel que l'acide phosphorique ou l'acide sulfurique. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the homogeneous Lewis acid catalysts are selected from AlCl 3 , Al (OTf) 3 and Sc (OTf) 3 . In one embodiment of the invention, the heterogeneous catalysts are chosen from among silicon oxides, aluminum oxides, aluminosilicates, zeolites, zeolite or non-zeolite molecular sieves, zirconia oxides, titanium oxides, doped cerium oxides, coals, coals treated with an acid such as phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid. The heterogeneous catalysts may or may not also advantageously be prepared by any method of incorporation of heteropolyacids known to those skilled in the art on silicon oxides, aluminum oxides, aluminosilicates, zeolites, zeolite molecular sieves or not, zirconia oxides, titanium oxides, doped cerium oxides, coals, coals treated with an acid such as phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid.

Les catalyseurs hétérogènes peuvent ou non être également avantageusement dopés avec des éléments métalliques choisis parmi le tungstène et l'étain. The heterogeneous catalysts may or may not be also advantageously doped with metal elements selected from tungsten and tin.

Le catalyseur hétérogène possède une surface spécifique supérieure à 100 m2/g, de manière préférée comprise entre 100 et 600 m2/g et de manière très préférée comprise entre 100 et 500 m2/g. The heterogeneous catalyst has a surface area greater than 100 m 2 / g, preferably between 100 and 600 m 2 / g and very preferably between 100 and 500 m 2 / g.

Dans un mode de réalisation préférée de l'invention, les catalyseurs hétérogènes employés seuls ou en mélanges subissent une étape préalable de traitement thermique avant leur utilisation dans le procédé selon l'invention. Le traitement thermique est avantageusement réalisé à une température comprise entre 150 et 700^ et de préférence entre 150 et 600^, sous atm osphère oxygène ou air. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the heterogeneous catalysts used alone or in mixtures undergo a prior heat treatment step prior to their use in the process according to the invention. The heat treatment is advantageously carried out at a temperature of between 150 and 700% and preferably between 150 and 600% under oxygen or air atmosphere.

Les solvants Solvents

Conformément à l'invention la réaction est réalisée en présence ou non d'un solvant. La nature du solvant peut affecter la vitesse de réaction, la conversion des réactifs, le rendement en produit et la séparation du produit du milieu réactionnel. Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, une combinaison de solvants peut également être utilisée. According to the invention the reaction is carried out in the presence or absence of a solvent. The nature of the solvent may affect reaction rate, reagent conversion, product yield, and product separation from the reaction medium. In one embodiment of the invention, a combination of solvents may also be used.

Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le solvant ou le mélange de solvants sont choisis parmi les hydrocarbures saturés ou insaturés, aliphatiques ou branchés, cycliques ou aromatiques. Dans ce cas, le ou les solvants préférés sont avantageusement choisis parmi l'heptane, l'hexane, le cyclohexane, le toluène, Γο-xylène, le m-xylène, le p-xylène.  In one embodiment of the invention, the solvent or the mixture of solvents are chosen from saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons, aliphatic or branched, cyclic or aromatic. In this case, the preferred solvent or solvents are advantageously chosen from heptane, hexane, cyclohexane, toluene, Γο-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene.

Dans un mode de réalisation très préférée de l'invention, le solvant ou le mélange de solvants sont choisis parmi les hydrocarbures et de manière très préférée, le solvant est l'heptane. In a very preferred embodiment of the invention, the solvent or the mixture of solvents are chosen from hydrocarbons and very preferably the solvent is heptane.

Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le solvant ou le mélange de solvants peuvent également avantageusement être choisis parmi les solvants oxygénés non protiques choisis parmi les éthers et polyéthers linéaires ou cycliques, les esters, les sulfoxides, et les amides. Dans ce cas, les solvants préférés sont avantageusement choisis parmi le diéthyléther, le dioxane, le tétrahydrofurane, l'acétate d'éthyle, le diméthylsulfoxide, le diméthylformamide et la /V-méthylpyrrolidone. In one embodiment of the invention, the solvent or solvent mixture may also advantageously be chosen from non-protic oxygenated solvents chosen from linear or cyclic ethers and polyethers, esters, sulphoxides and amides. In this case, the preferred solvents are advantageously chosen from diethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide and N-methylpyrrolidone.

Dans un mode de réalisation préférée de l'invention, le solvant choisi est le diéthyléther, il peut avantageusement être obtenu par déshydratation de l'éthanol biosourcé, in situ ou ex situ. Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le solvant ou le mélange de solvants peuvent également avantageusement être choisi parmi les solvants oxygénés protiques choisis parmi l'eau, les alcools, les acides carboxyliques. Dans ce cas, les solvants préférés sont avantageusement choisis parmi l'eau, l'éthanol, l'acide acétique et le polyéthylèneglycol. Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le solvant ou le mélange de solvants peuvent également avantageusement être choisis parmi les solvants halogénés. Dans ce cas, les solvants préférés sont avantageusement choisis parmi le dichlorométhane, le chloroforme et le tétrachlorure de carbone. Procédé de transformation In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the chosen solvent is diethyl ether, it can advantageously be obtained by dehydration of biosourced ethanol, in situ or ex situ. In one embodiment of the invention, the solvent or the mixture of solvents may also advantageously be chosen from protic oxygenated solvents chosen from water, alcohols and carboxylic acids. In this case, the preferred solvents are advantageously chosen from water, ethanol, acetic acid and polyethylene glycol. In one embodiment of the invention, the solvent or the mixture of solvents may also advantageously be chosen from halogenated solvents. In this case, the preferred solvents are advantageously chosen from dichloromethane, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. Process of transformation

Conformément à l'invention, le procédé de production de composés aromatiques comprend au moins la réaction entre un composé furanique, de l'éthanol et/ou du diéthyléther, en présence d'un ou plusieurs catalyseurs acides, homogènes ou hétérogènes, en présence ou non de solvant, à une température comprise entre 0 et 400^ et à une pression comprise entre 0,1 et 50 MP a.  According to the invention, the process for producing aromatic compounds comprises at least the reaction between a furan compound, ethanol and / or diethyl ether, in the presence of one or more acidic, homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts, in the presence or absence of no solvent, at a temperature between 0 and 400 ^ and at a pressure between 0.1 and 50 MP a.

Le procédé selon l'invention permet donc de s'affranchir des limites de la déshydratation de l'éthanol et/ou du diéthyléther en éthylène. En effet, lorsque l'on souhaite déshydrater de l'éthanol et/ou du diéthyléther en éthylène, la conversion est partielle, et il est nécessaire de séparer les produits (eau et éthylène) du ou des réactifs non convertis afin de les recycler vers le réacteur. The process according to the invention thus makes it possible to overcome the limits of the dehydration of ethanol and / or diethyl ether to ethylene. Indeed, when it is desired to dehydrate ethanol and / or diethyl ether to ethylene, the conversion is partial, and it is necessary to separate the products (water and ethylene) of the unconverted reagent or reagents to recycle them to the reactor.

Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, dit ex-situ, la déshydratation de l'éthanol peut être réalisée dans une étape préalable à la mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'invention pour former un mélange éthanol, diéthyléther et éthylène. Ledit mélange pouvant être utiliser sans traitement supplémentaire dans l'étape suivante de formation des composés aromatiques selon la présente invention. In one embodiment of the invention, said ex-situ, the dehydration of ethanol can be carried out in a step prior to the implementation of the process according to the invention to form a mixture of ethanol, diethyl ether and ethylene. Said mixture can be used without further treatment in the next step of forming the aromatic compounds according to the present invention.

Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, dit in situ, l'éthanol et du diéthyléther, seul ou en mélange sont déshydratés dans les conditions de la présente invention, soit en présence du composé furanique, d'un catalyseur seul ou en mélange, et en présence ou non d'un solvant. In one embodiment of the invention, called in situ, ethanol and diethyl ether, alone or as a mixture, are dehydrated under the conditions of the present invention, either in the presence of the furan compound, of a catalyst alone or as a mixture and in the presence or absence of a solvent.

Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, les composés aromatiques formés peuvent être engagé dans une étape d'oxydation. In one embodiment of the invention, the aromatic compounds formed can be engaged in an oxidation step.

Dans un mode de réalisation préférée de l'invention, le composé aromatique oxydé obtenu à l'issu de l'étape d'oxydation est l'acide térephtalique ou un dérivé de l'acide térephtalique. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the oxidized aromatic compound obtained at the end of the oxidation step is terephthalic acid or a derivative of terephthalic acid.

Dans un mode de réalisation préférée de l'invention, le composé furanique et/ou l'éthanol peuvent être biosourcés donnant accès après l'étape de Diels-Alder à des composés aromatiques biosourcés. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the furan compound and / or ethanol can be bio-sourced giving access after the Diels-Alder step to biobased aromatic compounds.

Suivants les conditions expérimentales retenues (quantités de réactifs, température, pression, temps de contact,...), l'éthanol et/ou le diéthyléther est partiellement converti, i.e. l'éthanol et/ou le diéthyléther non converti est en mélange avec de l'eau et de l'éthylène. En sortie du réacteur, les différents constituants sont séparés par tous les moyens connus de l'homme du métier. L'eau est éliminée du procédé, le produit aromatique de la réaction est récupéré. Following the experimental conditions selected (quantities of reagents, temperature, pressure, contact time, ...), ethanol and / or diethyl ether is partially converted, ie the unconverted ethanol and / or diethyl ether is mixed with water and ethylene. At the outlet of the reactor, the various constituents are separated by all the means known to those skilled in the art. Water is removed from the process, the aromatic product of the reaction is recovered.

Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le mélange éthanol et/ou le diéthyléther et/ou l'éthylène non convertis sont recyclés vers le réacteur. In one embodiment of the invention, the unconverted ethanol mixture and / or diethyl ether and / or ethylene are recycled to the reactor.

Les conditions opératoires Operating conditions

La température et la pression de la réaction selon l'invention affectent la vitesse de réaction, la conversion des réactifs et le rendement en produit. Conformément à l'invention, la réaction est réalisée à une température comprise entre CTC et 400^, de préférence entre 100^ et 300Ό et de manière très préférée entre 150 et 300<C. The temperature and pressure of the reaction according to the invention affect the reaction rate, the conversion of the reagents and the product yield. According to the invention, the reaction is carried out at a temperature between 400 and CTC ^, preferably between 100 ^ and 300Ό and very preferably between 150 and 300 <C.

Conformément à l'invention, la réaction est réalisée à une pression du milieu réactionnel entre 0,1 et 50 MPa, de préférence entre 0,1 et 20 MPa et de manière préférée entre 0,5 et 10 MPa. According to the invention, the reaction is carried out at a pressure of the reaction medium of between 0.1 and 50 MPa, preferably between 0.1 and 20 MPa and preferably between 0.5 and 10 MPa.

Ladite réaction peut avantageusement être réalisée en discontinu ou en continu. Le temps de réaction peut avantageusement varier avec les conditions de réaction et donc la vitesse de conversion de la charge. Said reaction may advantageously be carried out batchwise or continuously. The reaction time can advantageously vary with the reaction conditions and therefore the rate of conversion of the charge.

Dans le cas où la réaction selon l'invention est réalisée en discontinu, le temps de réaction est avantageusement compris entre 0,1 et 120 heures et de préférence 1 et 100 heures. In the case where the reaction according to the invention is carried out batchwise, the reaction time is advantageously between 0.1 and 120 hours and preferably 1 and 100 hours.

De préférence, dans le cas où la réaction selon l'invention est réalisée en discontinu, le milieu réactionnel est chauffé entre 1 et 50 heures. Preferably, in the case where the reaction according to the invention is carried out batchwise, the reaction medium is heated between 1 and 50 hours.

Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le procédé selon l'invention est réalisé en présence d'un solvant, le composé furanique est introduit dans ledit procédé à raison d'une quantité correspondant à un rapport massique solvant/composé furanique compris entre 1 et 1000, de préférence entre 1 et 500 et encore préférentiellement entre 5 et 100. Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'éthanol est introduit dans le procédé selon l'invention à raison d'une quantité correspondant à un rapport massique éthanol/composé furanique compris entre 1 et 200, de préférence entre 1 et 100 et encore préférentiellement entre 5 et 50. In one embodiment of the invention, the process according to the invention is carried out in the presence of a solvent, the furanic compound is introduced into said process in an amount corresponding to a mass ratio solvent / furan compound between 1 and 1000, preferably between 1 and 500 and more preferably between 5 and 100. In one embodiment of the invention, the ethanol is introduced into the process according to the invention in an amount corresponding to an ethanol / furan compound mass ratio of between 1 and 200, preferably between 1 and 100, and still preferably between 5 and 50.

Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le ou les catalyseurs sont avantageusement introduits dans le milieu réactionnel à raison d'une quantité correspondant à un rapport massique composé furanique/catalyseur(s) compris entre 1 et 1000, de préférence entre 1 et 500, de préférence entre 1 et 100, de préférence entre 1 et 50 et encore préférentiellement entre 1 et 25. Les propriétés texturales et structurales du support et du catalyseur décrits ci-après sont déterminées par les méthodes de caractérisation connues de l'Homme du métier. Le volume poreux total et la distribution poreuse sont déterminés dans la présente invention par porosimétrie à l'azote tel que décrit dans l'ouvrage « Adsorption by powders and porous solids. Principles, methodology and applications » écrit par F. Rouquérol, J. Rouquérol et K. Sing, Académie Press, 1999. In one embodiment of the invention, the catalyst or catalysts are advantageously introduced into the reaction medium in an amount corresponding to a mass ratio of furan compound / catalyst (s) of between 1 and 1000, preferably between 1 and 1000. 500, preferably between 1 and 100, preferably between 1 and 50 and even more preferably between 1 and 25. The textural and structural properties of the support and the catalyst described below are determined by the characterization methods known to man of the job. The total pore volume and the porous distribution are determined in the present invention by nitrogen porosimetry as described in the book "Adsorption by powders and porous solids. Principles, methodology and applications "written by F. Rouquérol, J. Rouquérol and K. Sing, Academy Press, 1999.

On entend par surface spécifique, la surface spécifique BET (SBET en m2/g) déterminée par adsorption d'azote conformément à la norme ASTM D 3663-78 établie à partir de la méthode BRUNAUER-EMMETT-TELLER décrite dans le périodique "The Journal of American Society", 1938, 60, 309. Specific surface area is understood to mean the BET specific surface area (SBET in m 2 / g) determined by nitrogen adsorption in accordance with the ASTM D 3663-78 standard established from the BRUNAUER-EMMETT-TELLER method described in the "The Journal of American Society, 1938, 60, 309.

Les exemples ci-dessous illustrent l'invention sans en limiter la portée. The examples below illustrate the invention without limiting its scope.

EXEMPLES EXAMPLES

Exemple 1 : Préparation des catalyseurs  Example 1 Preparation of Catalysts

Catalyseur A : zéolithe désaluminée dopée au phosphore et au calcium Catalyst A: dealuminated zeolite doped with phosphorus and calcium

Une zéolithe ZSM-5 de ratio molaire Si/AI = 12, sous la forme ammonium est mise en forme par mélange avec un liant silicique en présence d'eau et d'additifs permettant de faciliter la mise en forme pour atteindre un rapport massique final de 80/20 en zéolithe/silice. Le solide obtenu est ensuite séché pendant 16 h à 140^ puis calciné pendant 10 h à δδΟΌ. Ce solide est ensuite traitem ent hydrothermal sous 100 % de vapeur d'eau pendant 6h à δδΟΌ. A l'issue de ce tr aitement, le solide est mis en contact avec une solution aqueuse d'H3P04 (85% en poids) en conditions d'imprégnation à sec afin d'atteindre une teneur d'environ 3 % en phosphore sur le solide final. Ce solide est séché 1 10^ pendant 16h . Puis, le solide est mis en contact avec une solution aqueuse de CaC03 pour introduire par imprégnation à sec environ 1 % de Ca sur le solide final. Ensuite, le solide est séché à 1 1 OC pendant 16 h. A l'issue de ce traitement, le solide est traitement hydrothermal à 600Ό pendant 2 h sous 100 % de vapeur d'eau. Le solide final contient 2,8 % en poids de phosphore et 0,9% poids de calcium. A ZSM-5 zeolite of molar ratio Si / Al = 12, in the ammonium form, is shaped by mixing with a silicic binder in the presence of water and with additives making it possible to facilitate the shaping to reach a final mass ratio. 80/20 zeolite / silica. The solid obtained is then dried for 16 h at 140 ° C. and then calcined for 10 h at δδΟΌ. This solid is then treated hydrothermally under 100% water vapor for 6 hours at δδΟΌ. At the end of this treatment, the solid is brought into contact with an aqueous solution of H 3 PO 4 (85% by weight) under dry impregnation conditions in order to reach a content of approximately 3% by weight. phosphorus on the final solid. This solid is dried for 10 hours. Then, the solid is put in contact with an aqueous solution of CaCO 3 to introduce by dry impregnation about 1% Ca on the final solid. Then the solid is dried at 110 OC for 16 hours. At the end of this treatment, the solid is hydrothermal treatment at 600Ό for 2 h under 100% water vapor. The final solid contains 2.8% by weight of phosphorus and 0.9% by weight of calcium.

Les caractéristiques texturales du solide sont les suivantes :  The textural characteristics of the solid are as follows:

La surface BET du catalyseur est de 300 m2/g. The BET surface of the catalyst is 300 m 2 / g.

Le volume poreux total mesuré par adsorption d'azote est de 0,180 ml/g.  The total pore volume measured by nitrogen adsorption is 0.180 ml / g.

Le volume microporeux mesuré par adsorption d'azote est de 0,1 15 ml/g. Catalyseur B : silice alumine The microporous volume measured by nitrogen adsorption is 0.1 ml / g. Catalyst B: silica alumina

La poudre d'hydroxyde d'aluminium a été préparée selon le procédé décrit dans le brevet WO 00/01617. Cette poudre est mélangée à un sol de silice préparé par échange sur résine décationisante, puis filtré sur résine de porosité 2. Les concentrations en sol de silice et en poudre d'hydroxyde d'aluminium sont ajustées de manière à obtenir une composition finale de 70% Al203 et de 30% Si02. La mise en forme est réalisée en présence de 8 % d'acide nitrique par rapport au produit anhydre. Le malaxage se fait sur un malaxeur bras en Z. L'extrusion est réalisée par passage de la pâte au travers d'une filière munie d'orifices de diamètre 1 ,4 mm. Les extrudés ainsi obtenus sont séchés à 150Ό, puis calcinés à 550Ό, puis calcinés à 700Ό en présence de vapeur d'eau. The aluminum hydroxide powder was prepared according to the process described in patent WO 00/01617. This powder is mixed with a silica sol prepared by exchange on decationizing resin, then filtered on resin of porosity 2. The concentrations of silica sol and aluminum hydroxide powder are adjusted so as to obtain a final composition of 70 % Al 2 O 3 and 30% SiO 2 . The shaping is carried out in the presence of 8% of nitric acid relative to the anhydrous product. The kneading is done on a Z-arm kneader. The extrusion is carried out by passing the dough through a die provided with orifices of diameter 1, 4 mm. The extrudates thus obtained are dried at 150 ° C., then calcined at 550 ° C. and then calcined at 700 ° C. in the presence of steam.

Les caractéristiques texturales du solide sont les suivantes :  The textural characteristics of the solid are as follows:

La surface BET du catalyseur est de 249 m2/g. The BET surface area of the catalyst is 249 m 2 / g.

Le volume poreux total, mesuré par adsorption d'azote, est de 0,49 ml/g  The total pore volume, measured by nitrogen adsorption, is 0.49 ml / g

Le volume microporeux du solide est nul. Catalyseur C : le catalyseur zircone tungsté (Zr02-WOx) est commercial et contient 10,3 % de tungstène en poids. The microporous volume of the solid is zero. Catalyst C: The tungsten zirconia catalyst (Zr0 2 -WO x ) is commercial and contains 10.3% tungsten by weight.

Les caractéristiques texturales du solide sont les suivantes :  The textural characteristics of the solid are as follows:

La surface BET du catalyseur est de 364 m2/g. The BET surface area of the catalyst is 364 m 2 / g.

Le volume poreux total est mesuré par adsorption d'azote de 0,427 ml/g,  The total pore volume is measured by nitrogen adsorption of 0.427 ml / g,

Le volume microporeux nul. Catalyseur D : Zéolithe Beta The microporous volume is zero. Catalyst D: Zeolite Beta

Le catalyseur D est une zéolithe commerciale Beta sous forme ammonium, contenant 85ppm de sodium, de surface spécifique 637m2/g, de ratio Si/AI 50 et de volume microporeux 0.209ml/g. Le catalyseur a été calciné à 550*0 pendant 4h pour obtenir la forme acide de la zéolithe pour être ensuite engagé dans les réactions catalytiques décrites dans les exemples. Catalyst D is a commercial Beta zeolite in ammonium form, containing 85 ppm of sodium, with a specific surface area of 637 m 2 / g, an Si / Al 50 ratio and a microporous volume of 0.209 ml / g. The catalyst was calcined at 550 ° C. for 4 hours to obtain the acidic form of the zeolite and then be engaged in the catalytic reactions described in the examples.

Exemple 1 : Production de p-xylène à partir de 2,5-diméthylfurane et d'éthanol en présence du catalyseur A

Figure imgf000013_0001
Example 1 Production of p-xylene from 2,5-dimethylfuran and ethanol in the presence of catalyst A
Figure imgf000013_0001

2,5-DMF éthanol p-xylène  2,5-DMF ethanol p-xylene

2 g de 2,5-DMF, 10 g d'éthanol et 1 g de catalyseur A sont introduits dans 35 ml d'heptane dans un réacteur Parr de 100 ml. Le réacteur est chauffé à 245<C. Lorsque la température est de 245Ό, la pression autogène e st de 4,5 MPa et elle est ajustée à 6,0 MPa avec de l'azote, pression qui est maintenue pendant 28 h. Le mélange réactionnel est refroidi à 25<C. La phase gaz et la phase liquide sont analysées par chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Le rendement en p-xylène est de 2 %. Le p-xylène peut ensuite être oxydé en acide téréphthalique (PTA). 2 g of 2,5-DMF, 10 g of ethanol and 1 g of catalyst A are introduced into 35 ml of heptane in a 100 ml Parr reactor. The reactor was heated to 245 <C. When the temperature is 245Ό, autogenous pressure e st of 4.5 MPa and adjusted to 6.0 MPa with nitrogen, which pressure was maintained for 28 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 <C. The gas-phase and liquid phase were analyzed by gas chromatography. The yield of p-xylene is 2%. P-xylene can then be oxidized to terephthalic acid (PTA).

Exemple 2 : Production de p-xylène à partir de 2,5-diméthylfurane et d'éthanol en présence du catalyseur B

Figure imgf000013_0002
Example 2 Production of p-xylene from 2,5-dimethylfuran and ethanol in the presence of catalyst B
Figure imgf000013_0002

2,5-DMF éthanol p-xylène  2,5-DMF ethanol p-xylene

2 g de 2,5-DMF, 10 g d'éthanol, 1 g de catalyseur B sont introduits dans 35 ml d'heptane dans un réacteur Parr de 100 ml. Le réacteur est chauffé à 245<C. Lorsque la température est de 245Ό, la pression autogène e st de 4,5 MPa et elle est ajustée à 6,0 MPa avec de l'azote, pression qui est maintenue pendant 28 h. Le mélange réactionnel est refroidi à 25<C. La phase gaz et la phase liquide sont analysées par chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Le rendement en p-xylène est de 2 %. Le p-xylène peut ensuite être oxydé en acide téréphthalique (PTA). Exemple 3 : Production de p-xylène à partir de 2,5-diméthylfurane et d'éthanol en présence du catalyseur C

Figure imgf000014_0001
2 g of 2,5-DMF, 10 g of ethanol, 1 g of catalyst B are introduced into 35 ml of heptane in a Parr reactor of 100 ml. The reactor was heated to 245 <C. When the temperature is 245Ό, autogenous pressure e st of 4.5 MPa and adjusted to 6.0 MPa with nitrogen, which pressure was maintained for 28 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 <C. The gas-phase and liquid phase were analyzed by gas chromatography. The yield of p-xylene is 2%. P-xylene can then be oxidized to terephthalic acid (PTA). Example 3 Production of p-xylene from 2,5-dimethylfuran and ethanol in the presence of catalyst C
Figure imgf000014_0001

2,5-DMF éthanol p-xylène  2,5-DMF ethanol p-xylene

2 g de 2,5-DMF, 10 g d'éthanol, 1 g de catalyseur C sont introduits dans 35 ml d'heptane dans un réacteur Parr de 100 ml. Le réacteur est chauffé à 245°C.  2 g of 2,5-DMF, 10 g of ethanol, 1 g of catalyst C are introduced into 35 ml of heptane in a Parr reactor of 100 ml. The reactor is heated to 245 ° C.

Lorsque la température est de 245°C, la pression au togène est de 4,5 MPa et elle est ajustée à 6,0 MPa avec de l'azote, pression qui est maintenue pendant 28 h. Le mélange réactionnel est refroidi à 25°C. La phase g az et la phase liquide sont analysées par chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Le rendement en p-xylène est de 2 %. Le p-xylène peut ensuite être oxydé en acide téréphthalique (PTA).  When the temperature is 245 ° C, the tolene pressure is 4.5 MPa and is adjusted to 6.0 MPa with nitrogen, which is maintained for 28 hours. The reaction mixture is cooled to 25 ° C. The g az phase and the liquid phase are analyzed by gas chromatography. The yield of p-xylene is 2%. P-xylene can then be oxidized to terephthalic acid (PTA).

Exemple 4 : Production de p-xylène à partir de 2,5-diméthylfurane et d'éthanol en présence du catalyseur A et du catalyseur B

Figure imgf000014_0002
Example 4: Production of p-xylene from 2,5-dimethylfuran and ethanol in the presence of catalyst A and catalyst B
Figure imgf000014_0002

2,5-DMF éthanol p-xylène  2,5-DMF ethanol p-xylene

2 g de 2,5-DMF, 10 g d'éthanol, 0,5 g de catalyseur A et 0,5 g de catalyseur B sont introduits dans 35 ml d'heptane dans un réacteur Parr de 100 ml. Le réacteur est chauffé à 245°C. Lorsque la température est de 245° C, la pression autogène est de 4,5 MPa et elle est ajustée à 6,0 MPa avec de l'azote, pression qui est maintenue pendant 28 h. Le mélange réactionnel est refroidi à 25°C. La phase gaz et la phase liquide sont analysées par chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Le rendement en p-xylène est de 3 %. Le p-xylène peut ensuite être oxydé en acide téréphthalique (PTA). Exemple 5 : Production de p-xylène à partir de 2,5-diméthylfurane et d'éthanol en présence du catalyseur B et du catalyseur D

Figure imgf000015_0001
2 g of 2,5-DMF, 10 g of ethanol, 0.5 g of catalyst A and 0.5 g of catalyst B are introduced into 35 ml of heptane in a Parr reactor of 100 ml. The reactor is heated to 245 ° C. When the temperature is 245 ° C, the autogenous pressure is 4.5 MPa and is adjusted to 6.0 MPa with nitrogen, which pressure is maintained for 28 h. The reaction mixture is cooled to 25 ° C. The gas phase and the liquid phase are analyzed by gas chromatography. The yield of p-xylene is 3%. P-xylene can then be oxidized to terephthalic acid (PTA). Example 5 Production of p-xylene from 2,5-dimethylfuran and ethanol in the presence of catalyst B and catalyst D
Figure imgf000015_0001

2,5-DMF éthanol p-xylène  2,5-DMF ethanol p-xylene

2 g de 2,5-DMF, 10 g d'éthanol, 0,5 g de catalyseur B et 1 g de catalyseur D sont introduits dans 35 ml d'heptane dans un réacteur Parr de 100 ml. Le réacteur est chauffé à 245°C. Lorsque la température est de 245° C, la pression autogène est de 4,5 MPa et elle est ajustée à 6,0 MPa avec de l'azote, pression qui est maintenue pendant 28 h. Le mélange réactionnel est refroidi à température ambiante. La phase gaz et la phase liquide sont analysées par chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Le rendement en p-xylène est de 5 %. Le p-xylène peut ensuite être oxydé en acide téréphthalique (PTA).  2 g of 2,5-DMF, 10 g of ethanol, 0.5 g of catalyst B and 1 g of catalyst D are introduced into 35 ml of heptane in a Parr reactor of 100 ml. The reactor is heated to 245 ° C. When the temperature is 245 ° C, the autogenous pressure is 4.5 MPa and is adjusted to 6.0 MPa with nitrogen, which pressure is maintained for 28 h. The reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature. The gas phase and the liquid phase are analyzed by gas chromatography. The yield of p-xylene is 5%. P-xylene can then be oxidized to terephthalic acid (PTA).

Exemple 6 Production d'acide téréphthalique à partir d'acide 2,5-furanedicarboxylique et d'éthanol en présence du catalyseur B et du catalyseur D Example 6 Production of terephthalic acid from 2,5-furanedicarboxylic acid and ethanol in the presence of catalyst B and catalyst D

Figure imgf000015_0002
Figure imgf000015_0002

FDCA éthanol PTA  FDCA Ethanol PTA

2 g de FDCA, 10 g d'éthanol, 0,5 g de catalyseur B et 0,5 g de catalyseur D sont introduits dans 35 ml d'heptane dans un réacteur Parr de 100 ml. Le réacteur est chauffé à 245°C. Lorsque la température est de 245° C, la pression autogène est de 4,5 MPa et elle est ajustée à 6,0 MPa avec de l'azote, pression qui est maintenue pendant 28 h. Le mélange réactionnel est refroidi à 25°C. La phase gaz et la phase liquide sont analysées par chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Le rendement en acide téréphthalique (PTA) est de 2 %. Exemple 7 : Production de 1 ,4-diformylbenzène à partir de diformylfurane et d'éthanol en présence du catalyseur B et du catalyseur D 2 g of FDCA, 10 g of ethanol, 0.5 g of catalyst B and 0.5 g of catalyst D are introduced into 35 ml of heptane in a Parr reactor of 100 ml. The reactor is heated to 245 ° C. When the temperature is 245 ° C, the autogenous pressure is 4.5 MPa and is adjusted to 6.0 MPa with nitrogen, which pressure is maintained for 28 h. The reaction mixture is cooled to 25 ° C. The gas phase and the liquid phase are analyzed by gas chromatography. The yield of terephthalic acid (PTA) is 2%. Example 7 Production of 1,4-diformylbenzene from diformylfuran and ethanol in the presence of catalyst B and catalyst D

Figure imgf000016_0001
Figure imgf000016_0001

ano  ano

2 g de DFF, 10 g d'éthanol, 0,5 g de catalyseur B et 1 g de catalyseur D sont introduits dans 35 ml d'heptane dans un réacteur Parr de 100 ml. Le réacteur est chauffé à 245<C. Lorsque la température est de 245Ό, la près sion autogène est de 4,5 MPa et elle est ajustée à 6,0 MPa avec de l'azote, pression qui est maintenue pendant 28 h. Le mélange réactionnel est refroidi à 25<C. La phas e gaz et la phase liquide sont analysées par chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Le rendement en 1 ,4-diformylbenzène est de 2 %. Le 1 ,4-diformylbenzène peut ensuite être oxydé en acide téréphthalique (PTA). 2 g of DFF, 10 g of ethanol, 0.5 g of catalyst B and 1 g of catalyst D are introduced into 35 ml of heptane in a 100 ml Parr reactor. The reactor was heated to 245 <C. When the temperature is 245Ό, autogenous pres is 4.5 MPa and is adjusted to 6.0 MPa with nitrogen, which pressure was maintained for 28 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 <C. phas e gas and liquid phases are analyzed by gas chromatography. The yield of 1,4-diformylbenzene is 2%. 1,4-Diformylbenzene can then be oxidized to terephthalic acid (PTA).

Exemple 8 : Production de p-xylène à partir de 2,5-diméthylfurane et de diéthyléther en présence du catalyseur B et du catalyseur D Example 8 Production of p-xylene from 2,5-dimethylfuran and diethyl ether in the presence of catalyst B and catalyst D

Figure imgf000016_0002
Figure imgf000016_0002

2,5-DMF diéthyléther p-xylène 7,5 g de 2,5-DMF, 14,5 g de diéthyléther, 1 ,5 g de catalyseur B et 1 ,5 g de catalyseur D sont introduits dans 100 ml d'heptane dans un réacteur Parr de 250 ml. Le réacteur est chauffé à 245<C. Lorsque la température est de 245^, la pression est ajustée à 7 MPa avec de l'azote, pression qui est maintenue pendant 9 h. Le mélange réactionnel est refroidi à 25<C. La phase gaz et la phase liquide sont analysées par chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Le rendement en p-xylène est de 5 %. Le p-xylène peut ensuite être oxydé en acide téréphthalique (PTA). 2.5-DMF diethyl ether p-xylene 7.5 g of 2,5-DMF, 14.5 g of diethyl ether, 1.5 g of catalyst B and 1.5 g of catalyst D are introduced into 100 ml of heptane in a Parr reactor of 250 ml. The reactor was heated to 245 <C. When the temperature is 245 ^, the pressure is adjusted to 7 MPa with nitrogen pressure is maintained for 9 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 <C. The gas-phase and liquid phase were analyzed by gas chromatography. The yield of p-xylene is 5%. P-xylene can then be oxidized to terephthalic acid (PTA).

Claims

REVENDICATIONS 1 . Procédé de production de composés aromatiques comprenant la réaction entre un composé furanique, de l'éthanol et/ou du diéthyléther, en présence d'un ou plusieurs catalyseurs acides, homogènes ou hétérogènes, en présence ou non de solvant, à une température comprise entre 0 et 400°C et à une pression comprise entre 0,1 et 50 MPa. 1. A process for producing aromatic compounds comprising reacting a furan compound, ethanol and / or diethyl ether in the presence of one or more acidic, homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts, in the presence or absence of a solvent, at a temperature between 0 and 400 ° C and at a pressure between 0.1 and 50 MPa. 2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel éthanol est issu de la biomasse. 2. Method according to claim 1, wherein ethanol is derived from biomass. 3. Procédé selon l'une ou quelconques des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'éthanol est préalablement envoyé dans une étape de déshydratation pour produire au moins un mélange de diéthyléther et d'éthylène. A process according to any one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the ethanol is previously sent to a dehydration step to produce at least one mixture of diethyl ether and ethylene. 4. Procédé selon l'une ou quelconques des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le composé furanique est issu de la biomasse. 4. Method according to one or any of the preceding claims, wherein the furanic compound is derived from biomass. 5. Procédé selon l'une ou quelconques des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la température est comprise entre 100Ό et 300Ό et la pression entre 0,1 et 20 MPa. The process according to any one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the temperature is between 100Ό and 300Ό and the pressure is between 0.1 and 20 MPa. 6. Procédé selon l'une ou quelconques des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la température est comprise entre 150 et 300Ό et l a pression entre 0,5 et 10 MPa. 6. A process according to any one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the temperature is between 150 and 300 ° and the pressure is between 0.5 and 10 MPa. 7. Procédé selon l'une ou quelconques des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les composés furaniques sont représentés par la formule générale suivant,
Figure imgf000017_0001
The process according to any one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the furan compounds are represented by the following general formula,
Figure imgf000017_0001
Où Ri et R2, identiques ou différents, peuvent représenter une fonction aldéhyde - C(0)H, une fonction acide carboxylique -COOH, une fonction ester -COOR3, une fonction hydroxyméthyle -CH2OH, une fonction éther -CH2OR4 ou un groupement alkyle linéaire ou branché ou cyclique de 1 à 6 carbones, R3 et R4 représentant un groupement alkyle linéaire ou branché ou cyclique de 1 à 6 carbones. Where R 1 and R 2 , which may be identical or different, may represent an aldehyde-C (O) H function, a carboxylic acid function -COOH, an ester function -COOR 3 , a hydroxymethyl function -CH 2 OH, an ether function -CH 2 OR 4 or a linear or branched or cyclic alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbons, R 3 and R 4 representing a linear or branched or cyclic alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbons.
8. Procédé selon la revendication 7 dans lequel R1 ; R2, R3, et R4 sont des groupements méthyle. The process of claim 7 wherein R 1; R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are methyl groups. Procédé selon l'une ou quelconques des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les catalyseurs sont choisis parmi, A process as claimed in any one or more of the preceding claims wherein the catalysts are selected from - des catalyseurs homogènes minéraux, acide de Bronsted, choisis parmi l'acide chlorhydrique, l'acide bromhydrique, l'acide sulfurique, l'acide nitrique, l'acide phosphomolybdique, l'acide phosphotungstique, l'acide silicomolybdique et l'acide silicotungstique,  homogeneous inorganic catalysts, Bronsted acid, chosen from hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphomolybdic acid, phosphotungstic acid, silicomolybdic acid and acid; silicotungstic, - des catalyseurs homogènes organique, acide de Bronsted, choisis parmi l'acide méthanesulfonique, l'acide trifluorométhanesulfonique, l'acide p-toluènesuflonique, l'acide acétique et l'acide trifluoroacétique,  organic homogeneous catalysts, Bronsted acid, chosen from methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, acetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid, - des catalyseurs homogènes, acide de Lewis, choisis parmi les composés suivants : AICI3, AI(OTf)3, BF3, ZnCI2, FeCI3, HgCI4, SnCI4, TiCI4, Yb(OTf)3 et Sc(OTf)3, homogeneous catalysts, Lewis acid, chosen from the following compounds: AlCl 3 , Al (OTf) 3 , BF 3 , ZnCl 2 , FeCl 3 , HgCl 4 , SnCl 4 , TiCl 4 , Yb (OTf) 3 and Sc (OTf) ) 3 , - des catalyseurs hétérogènes acides, choisis parmi les oxydes de silicium, les oxydes d'aluminium, les aluminosilicates, les zéolithes, les tamis moléculaires zéolithiques ou non, les oxydes de zircone, les oxydes de titane, les oxydes de cérium dopés, les charbons, les charbons traités par un acide, lesdits catalyseurs hétérogènes pouvant être dopés avec des éléments métalliques choisis parmi le tungstène et l'étain.  acidic heterogeneous catalysts chosen from silicon oxides, aluminum oxides, aluminosilicates, zeolites, zeolite or non-zeolite molecular sieves, zirconia oxides, titanium oxides, doped cerium oxides, coals acid-treated coals, said heterogeneous catalysts being dopable with metal elements selected from tungsten and tin. Procédé selon l'une ou quelconques des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la réaction est réalisé en présence d'un solvant ou d'un mélange de solvants, choisi parmi A process as claimed in any one or more of the preceding claims wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of a solvent or a mixture of solvents selected from - les solvants hydrocarbures saturés ou insaturés, aliphatiques ou branchés, cycliques ou aromatiques, de préférence choisis parmi l'heptane, l'hexane, le cyclohexane, le toluène, Γο-xylène, le m-xylène, le p-xylène,  saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or branched, cyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, preferably chosen from heptane, hexane, cyclohexane, toluene, Γ-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, - les solvants oxygénés non protiques choisis parmi les éthers et polyéthers linéaires ou cycliques, les esters, les sulfoxides, les amides, de préférence choisi parmi le diéthyléther, le dioxane, le tétrahydrofurane, l'acétate d'éthyle, le diméthylsulfoxide, le diméthylformamide et la N-méthylpyrrolidone,  the non-protic oxygenated solvents chosen from linear or cyclic ethers and polyethers, esters, sulphoxides and amides, preferably chosen from diethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, dimethylsulfoxide and dimethylformamide; and N-methylpyrrolidone, - les solvants oxygénés protiques choisis parmi l'eau, les alcools et les acides carboxyliques de préférence choisis parmi l'eau, l'éthanol, l'acide acétique et le polyéthylèneglycol  protic oxygenated solvents chosen from water, alcohols and carboxylic acids, preferably chosen from water, ethanol, acetic acid and polyethylene glycol - les solvants halogénés de préférence choisis parmi le dichlorométhane, le chloroforme et le tétrachlorure de carbone. the halogenated solvents preferably chosen from dichloromethane, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. 1 1 . Procédé selon l'une ou quelconques des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la réaction est réalisé en présence d'un solvant ou d'un mélange de solvants, choisi parmi 1 1. A process as claimed in any one or more of the preceding claims wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of a solvent or a mixture of solvents selected from - l'heptane, l'hexane, le cyclohexane, le toluène, Γο-xylène, le m-xylène, le p-xylène,  heptane, hexane, cyclohexane, toluene, Γο-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, - le diéthyléther, le dioxane, le tétrahydrofurane, l'acétate d'éthyle, le diméthylsulfoxide, le diméthylformamide et la N-méthylpyrrolidone,  diethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide and N-methylpyrrolidone, - l'eau, l'éthanol, l'acide acétique et le polyéthylèneglycol.  water, ethanol, acetic acid and polyethylene glycol. 12. Procédé selon l'une ou quelconques des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'éthanol est introduit à un rapport massique éthanol/composé furanique compris entre 1 et 200. 12. Process according to any one or more of the preceding claims, in which the ethanol is introduced at an ethanol / furan compound mass ratio of between 1 and 200. 13. Procédé selon l'une ou quelconques des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le ou les catalyseurs homogènes ou hétérogènes sont introduits à un rapport massique composé furanique/catalyseur(s) compris entre 1 et 1000. 13. Process according to any one or more of the preceding claims, in which the homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst (s) are introduced at a mass ratio of furan compound / catalyst (s) of between 1 and 1000. 14. Procédé selon l'une ou quelconques des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit composé aromatique est envoyé dans une étape d'oxydation. The process of any one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said aromatic compound is sent to an oxidation step.
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