WO2018002865A1

WO2018002865A1 - Wall with cages and connectors of composite pultruded fiber rods bounto block coating insulating panels to a core

Info

Publication number: WO2018002865A1
Application number: PCT/IB2017/053905
Authority: WO
Inventors: Mauro Pastore
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2016-06-30
Filing date: 2017-06-29
Publication date: 2018-01-04
Anticipated expiration: 2018-12-30
Also published as: ITUA20164792A1

Abstract

Wall comprising one or more pillars (2) and at least one core or curtain wall comprising one or more insulating panels (3) and/or a pre-existing wall, wherein the core or curtain wall is held and supported within at least one cage composed of pultruded bars (4) made of composite material placed on the opposite faces of the core or curtain wall and connected one another by connectors (1) made of composite material, the connectors (1) being composed of rods provided with two or more holes (10) for the passage and for holding the bars (4).

Description

WALL WITH CAGES AND CONNECTORS OF COMPOSITE PULTRUDED FIBER RODS BOUNTO BLOCK COATING INSULATING PANELS TO A CORE

The present invention relates to a wall comprising one or more pillars and at least one core or curtain wall comprising one or more insulating panels and/or a pre-existing wall to be strengthened.

It is known that bars made of glass or carbon fibers for building industry have a high strength to weight ratio, are corrosion-resistant, do not transfer heat as iron, are nonmagnetic.

The object of the present invention is to provide composite connectors in the form of rods equipped with holes having desired strength and position, in order to bind together bars made of glass or carbon fibers or grids of bars placed inside and outside the walls, with the formation of cages intended to hold and strengthen heavy components of walls to be renovated with bricks, stones, concrete or light components such as insulating panels. The object of the patent is to provide connectors made of glass fibers that can form grids of bars to lock external insulating panels on walls and to prevent them from getting detached over the years.

In the building industry there is the need for connectors to bind bars parallel or orthogonal one another and to form stirrups replacing those made of iron, to hold bars made of glass or carbon fibers to build pillars and walls made of concrete and to form cages with the shape of cubes or parallelepipeds or others, with a precise dimension of 1 -2 millimeters, with well calculated and desired strength. Cages are useful to hold blocks of insulating panels in a single layer or in more layers and to form curtain walls that can be bound to load-bearing beams and pillars thus guaranteeing the curtain walls a higher seismic strength and even an external thermal insulation.

On the market FRP grids (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) are already available that can be laid inside and outside the walls but are not connected one another to form high strength cages on continuous facades. The external grid is separated from the inner one and each one is independent from the other one and is simply fastened to the wall by glues that fasten L- bent rods having no holes. Products defined as connectors or fasteners are already available on the market: these are composed of bundles of carbon or glass fibers running parallel inside a close gauze holding the threads to form a 3-8 mm diameter bar: in order to use them 7-10 cm of the gauze is cut while releasing the threads that spread as a flake on the surface and threads are glued. Even such device cannot bind grids of bars, cannot form cages.

Such technical drawback is solved according to the invention with a wall as described hereinbefore, where the core or curtain wall is held and supported within at least one cage composed of pultruded bars made of composite material placed on the opposite faces of the core or wall and connected one another by connectors made of composite material, the connectors being composed of rods provided with two or more holes for the passage and for holding the bars, the distance between such holes is accurate with a tolerance lower than 4 mm.

The present invention allows a double reinforced plastering to be provided, one outside the wall, the other one inside it. The two plasters, with mortar of the desired strength, have a thickness, about 30 mm, necessary to cover the bars. The bars are bound with one another by connectors provided with 2 or more holes of the desired strength and of the desired length to pass through the thickness of old or new walls. The distance between the holes is accurate and variable to match the different thicknesses of old walls, or it is accurate and constant if new walls are to be made. According to an improvement the pillars are provided with holes for the passage and for holding the bars or with elements fastened to the pillars having holes for the passage and for holding the bars.

In one embodiment the holes provided in the connectors are placed at such a distance from one another ranging from 200 mm to 1000 mm.

In one embodiment there is provided a plurality of said cages composed of bars and connectors, which cages are continuous, bound to each other and bound or rigidly fastened to said pillars or to other load- bearing structures of the buildings, since such pillars or such structures are provided with holes with a diameter of 3 to 50 mm to receive and retain the bars, or with elements fastened or fastenable to the pillars or to structures, which elements have holes with a diameter of 3 to 50 mm for the passage and for retaining the bars (4), which cages have the dimensions of the walls to be strengthened or of pillars or walls to be built, or of insulating panels to be held to form the walls.

According to a further embodiment the ultimate tensile strength is as required by the plan and therefore within a range from 3 to 300 KN, while the elastic modulus for high seismic areas is 100-300 GPa, the bars and/or connectors comprising carbon fibers and/or normal and/or basaltic glass fibers.

In the new wall the strength and length of the connectors are always as resulting from the plan and have to be accurately +/- 3 mm to contain thicknesses of desired insulation, according to climate conditions.

In the case of a new wall the connectors provided with holes hold the glass fiber bars with a diameter required by the plan, which bars penetrate in the load-bearing structures and bind to them both the curtain walls and plasters.

Therefore in the new wall the curtain walls composed of insulating panels and plasters, are bound to the load-bearing structure and thus perimetral curtain walls and plasters do not collapse. Therefore the new wall can be built anywhere but also can be specific for seismic areas since the load-bearing structures have been appropriately designed and moreover they can rest on the ground both on standard foundations and by inserting seismic isolators to reduce risks in highly seismic areas.

In the case of renovation and strengthening of old walls while contemporaneously increasing thermal insulation by adding external insulation panels on the external face of the wall, according to one embodiment, said renovation is obtained by drilling through holes in the outside main wall, inserting in the holes the connectors with three holes, where such connectors have a length at least equal to the thickness of the wall and plus the thickness of the insulating panel, where such connectors with three holes have a first hole on the inner surface of the wall, a second wall on the external surface of the wall, which two holes are intended to receive two bars with diameter of 6-16 mm, preferably 10 mm in order to enclose the wall structure, while the third hole that protrudes outside receives a third row of bars with a diameter of 6-14 mm, preferably 8 mm, that have to enclose the external insulation, where such connector with three holes has a length enough to contain the thickness of the wall and of the insulating panels added as external insulation on the outer face, to bind the triple grid of bars inside and outside the wall forming said cages, in a number necessary to handle the whole wall.

In one embodiment each component of the cage has a ultimate tensile strength ranging from 25 to 100 KN, depending on thicknesses and weights of the wall to be renovated.

According to a further embodiment, said cage is installed for the renovation of old walls with connectors with two 4-30 mm diameter holes, with ultimate tensile strength ranging from 3 to 100 KN, where said connectors have a length equal to the thickness of the wall, penetrate through the wall to be renovated, have on the outer and inner surface of the wall the two holes through which bars are inserted with the desired length, the bars being covered by plaster.

The old wall therefore has to be drilled in locations as resulting from the renovation plan. The connectors with two or three holes are inserted through the holes. Pultruded bars are passed through the holes such that they are adherent to or close to the wall surface. Before plastering, therefore the two reinforcements will be made composed of the pultruded bars of glass fibers with the desired diameter and the required length, bound by connectors with two holes, with the desired strength and dimension, of the accurate length according to dimensions or thickness of the old wall, with the peculiarity that the length of the connectors changes as the thickness of the walls changes and that the accuracy in the distance between the two holes, one contained in the inner plaster and the other one in the external plaster is better than 3 mm, tolerance in distances being +/- 3 mm.

Moreover in the old wall, if insulation has to be improved, connectors with three holes are also provided, the first two holes containing the pressures of the old wall, the third hole of the connector protruding by the desired amount e.g. 12-18 cm to contain a layer of thermoacustical insulation. Plaster is applied always above bars and holes of the connectors to cover all.

According to a further embodiment, the wall is a new wall and wherein the core or curtain wall is composed of insulating panels, with a thickness of 40-400 mm, preferably 220 mm, to form curtain walls between beams and pillars of load-bearing structures, where cages form a cube or a parallelepiped and have at least two bars on the same side of the cube or parallelepiped, penetrating into holes drilled in beams and pillars in the amount defined by the building plan, to structurally bind cages to beams and pillars, preventing the curtain walls from being easily detached and from falling down in case of earthquakes thus obtaining also outside main walls with a thermal insulation stable over the years, of U=0.100-0.280, preferably 11=0.120 where all the panels also the external insulation panels are fastened in a stable and resistant manner to the structure.

According to a further embodiment, pillars are made of concrete and are composed of pultruded bars made of carbon or glass fibers held by stirrups made of composite material which stirrups are equipped with holes with a diameter of 4 to 40 mm, or curves like open circular holes, with a diameter from 4 to 40 mm, such to make it easy to insert and lock bars to form long walls and wide surfaces, where the bars are locked by glues or by iron wires within the open circular curve that has a dimension correspondingly to the diameter of the bar.

The invention further relates to a wall comprising a structural core or a curtain wall and an external insulation, which wall comprises one or more connectors composed of rods made of rigid reinforced plastic material or composite material, with a ultimate tensile strength of 1 to 100 KN, preferably 30 KN, intended to fasten the external insulation, the external insulation being composed of one or more insulating panels laid on the surface of the wall or structural core, which external insulation has a thickness of 30-300 mm, preferably 120 mm, where the connectors have a length of 50-500 mm, preferably 200 mm, and a diameter of 5-20 mm, preferably 9 mm, and are equipped with one or two holes, with a diameter of 3-30 mm and placed only at one end of the rod, where such rod is placed in a suitable cavity obtained in the structural core or curtain wall such that the hole or two holes of the rod are placed outside the external edge of the panel, the rod being fastened in the cavity by resin or glue, there being provided bars with diameter of 3-16 mm, preferably 8 mm, made of composite material comprising carbon or glass fibers or others, that pass in the holes of the connectors that protrude above the external insulation, the external insulation and bars being covered by a 10-30 thickness plaster.

The invention further relates to a method for producing a connector composed of a rod of composite material provided with one or more holes for the passage and for holding bars, which method provides the following steps:

a) threads of fiber from glass, E, S, glass, from basalt or carbon are joined and pre-wetted with epoxy or vinyl ester resins or other resins for composites till forming ropes with diameter of 3-30 mm, preferably 10 mm; b) ropes are wound about pins in the number of 2-30, in the desired number, with a diameter of 4-40 mm, which pins are fastened on steel plates at desired distances from one another;

c) after resins solidify about the pins, ropes are removed which therefore have 4-40 mm diameter holes with the dimension resulting from the plan and in the position resulting from the plan with a maximum error of 1 -3 mm, which dimension of the holes is intended to receive or connect bars of glass or carbon fibers with a diameter ranging from 3 to 30 mm, with error or +/- 1 mm, and ultimate tensile strength depending on the type of selected fiber ranging from 30 to 300 KN, elastic modulus ranging from 4 to 300 Gpa depending on the type of fiber used.

According to one embodiment, the fibers are wound on pins placed at variable distance depending on use or on the thickness of walls and said position of the pins is accurate at least to the millimeter.

In a preferred embodiment of the method there is provided a metal plate where metal pins are provided movable in predetermined positions such to create connectors with holes with a position accurate at least to the millimeter.

In a preferred embodiment, the holes can be formed in predetermined positions with a fixed pitch of 10 mm or 5 mm from each other.

These and other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be more clear from the following description of some embodiments shown in the annexed drawings in which: Figures 1 , 2 and 3 are different views of a diagram for the use of the connectors in a new outside main wall;

Figure 4 is a further embodiment of the wall;

Figures 5, 6, 7 are views in details of the wall of figures 1 , 2 and 3; Figures 8, 9, 10, 1 1 and 12 are different embodiments of the connectors;

Figures 13, 14 and 15 are the stirrups; figure 16 is the framework of a pillar;

Figures 17 and 18 are embodiments of connectors connecting the bars;

Figure 19 is one embodiment of an element having holes for the passage of and for holding bars.

The following possibilities of use are provided:

1 - If the wall is in optimal conditions and external insulating panels are only desired to be secured, the connectors of fig. 8 or 9 with one or two holes 10 respectively are used. Their length is 80 mm to which the thickness of the insulating panel has to be added ranging from 50 to 180 mm. See example 1.

2 - If wall conditions are still good, it has to be also partially insulated in a better manner, proceed as in the example 1 or 2.

3 - If on the contrary the wall is damaged and the wall has to be strongly strengthened and contemporaneously also the insulating panel has to be added, the connector 1 will be of the type in fig.1 1 with three holes 10, where distance between the holes will result from the building plan. Two of the three holes shall be flush with the damaged wall, that is the structural core, and bars with a diameter selected by the planner on the basis of wall thickness and condition will pass through the two holes: insulating panels are glued on the wall and fiber bars will pass through the third hole that protrudes slightly above the panel and in this case a diameter of 8 mm is enough. The number of bars and diameters will be selected by the planner also depending on seismic activity of the area.

4 - For the construction of new walls the type of load-bearing structure is defined and selected, concrete or steel. After defining the structure proceed as described in example 3 and in the new wall diagram of figures 1 , 2 and 3.

5 - Another use of connectors made of composite material is to form pillars of various shapes, circular, square, ellipse shapes or other ones, see figures 13, 14, 15 and 16, or to form walls fig.16 or stirrups 5 for pillars, figs. 14 and 15.

7 - Another use are the rod-free connectors, figs. 17 and 18 to form grids with a strength calculated on the basis of diameters of connectors or grids, to join fiber or steel bars crossing each other, orthogonal or inclined by 45 degrees as latticework, fig.18. The connectors shown in figure 17 or 18 can be used instead of the holes provided in the connectors, for example to form connectors with three holes to be passed into old walls such as described above. In this case, instead of the holes created by the method of the present invention, the connector is a simple pultruded bar, on which the connectors are secured in predetermined positions such as shown in figure 17, which are held in place by glues or resins, preferably epoxy resins, to receive the bars.

Grids or cages can be formed, with a strength resulting from the plan, such to firmly hold decaying and heavy walls or light walls of panels.

Insulating panels 3 both inside and outside the building are plastered.

Bars 4 and connectors 1 with multiple holes are used also to reinforce by fiber bars prefabricated panels to form continuous facades for large industrial and business surfaces.

Example N.1 - external insulation of a pre-existing wall

With reference to the possibility of use n.1 , 1000 x 1200 x 120 mm panels made of glass wool were glued on the external surface in the following manner:

after gluing the first panel along the edge of 1000 mm the other panels are drawn near such that the edges are well in contact with one another to avoid thermal bridges. Once the row of panels has covered part or all the fagade on each panel of 1 meter in width and 120 cm in height three holes are drilled each meter to obtain a hole every 33 cm along the edges, 1 hole is drilled with a length of 12 cm corresponding to the thickness of the insulating panel plus 8 cm to penetrate in the wall: the connector of the type of figure 8 or 9 with length of 200 mm is fitted therein; resin is placed therein enough to lock it. Advantageously the connector can be provided with one or more radial reliefs in the insertion area, such to exert a higher grip in the wall once the resin is inserted. Before the resin or glue get set the connector is pushed in the hole such that the 1 or 2 holes of the connector protrude by 1 -3 mm outside the external surface of the insulating panel. In the holes of the connectors the bars of glass fibers with a diameter of 8 mm are fitted and above it mortar plaster is applied with a thickness of 20-30 mm.

Example n.2 - old wall to be renovated, restored, equipped with insulating panels.

A wall with a thickness of 380 mm is desired to be strengthened and insulating panels are desired to be added made of glass fibers with a width of 1000, height of 1200, 120 mm of thickness. All the wall has to be drilled by through holes to accommodate rods with three hole; the diameters, the strength of the holes and their position is decided by the planner, depending on the condition of the wall to be renovated. Also the distance between the holes drilled in old walls is calculated by the planner. In this case with a wall with a thickness of 380 mm holes are drilled at a distance of 1000 mm from each other such to embed insulating panels with width of 1000; connectors with a length of 500 mm are selected, with three holes, one hole at the beginning of the connector and such hole is intended to remain on the inner surface of the wall, a second hole at 380 mm from the first hole, intended to remain on the external surface of the wall to be strengthened, a third hole at 500 mm from the first internal one since the wall of 380 mm plus 120 mm of insulation for a total amount of 500 mm has to be contained. In the holes at the external and internal surface of the wall to be strengthened bars made of glass fibers are fitted, with a diameter of 10 mm long as much as the bay. Once such operation ends the insulating panels with a width of 1000 mm are glued such that the insulating panels are brought near the connectors protruding from the wall. In the third row of holes of the connectors, on the surface of the insulating panels, bars with a diameter of 8 mm long as much as the bay are passed through to form an external grid covering also the insulating panels. On the inner and external surface of the wall a grid is added and plaster is applied.

Example N.3 - new wall, shown in figures 1 , 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7.

A 3x3 sample wall bay was built, to check handling and time necessary to build the wall. The bay made of iron with two HEA pillars 2 with parallel flanges of 160 mm and a IPE beam 330 were purchased. Panels 3 made of glass fibers were purchased with a size of 100x120x16 of thickness and other panels with a size of 100x120x10 of thickness to build a wall of panels with a thickness of 26 cm. In the flange of the two pillars 2, in the portion in the inner part of the house, a 13-16 mm hole 20 was drilled every 300 mm from ground, up to the height of 3 meters. Holes with a diameter of 13 mm were drilled for ten bars with a diameter of 10 mm. In each hole of the inner part of the wall a bar was inserted paying attention in firstly inserting four connectors with two holes for each bar, such to make the cage for the three insulating panels. In a preferred embodiment the holes have to be suitably at least 3 mm larger than the bar and therefore holes have to be drilled while considering the bar selected by the planner. For example if bars with a diameter of 12 mm are used, the hole is at least 15 mm such that the bar is not too much loose in the hole. If bars with a diameter of 14 mm are also used then the hole has a diameter of 17 mm. As an alternative or in combination to the holes drilled in the pillars it is possible to provide elements fastened or fastenable to pillars, both made of concrete or metal, which elements are provided with 13-16 mm holes. One embodiment of such elements is shown in figure 19, wherein a plate 21 is fastened to a pillar 2 by means of screws 22. The plate is provided with holes 23 for the passage of bars and it is fastened to the pillar such to have holes in the planned position for holding bars. Fiber panels were erected and while erecting four connectors with two holes that are maintained horizontal with little glue among the inner matching walls of the panels. At the end of erection there will be four connectors protruding forwards. In each hole with diameter of 1 1 mm, protruding outside the external wall, a bar with a diameter of 8 is inserted, in total ten bars of 8 mm. Therefore at the end of operations each insulating panel is inside a cage having behind three bars of 10 mm passing in the pillars, three bars of 8 mm passing ahead, and three side connectors with two holes one of which is fastened in the bar of 10 mm entering the pillar and a hole protrudes outside the wall that will serve for holding the bars of 8 mm that are in front of the wall.

The circled part A in figure 3 corresponds to what shown in figure 5, wherein the holes 20 drilled in the pillar 2 and passed through by the bar 4 are clearly visible. As an alternative to the 13-16 mm holes 20 directly drilled on the pillars 2 it is possible to provide elements 21 provided with corresponding holes and fastenable to the pillars 2, such as shown in figure 19.

The circled part B in figure 3 corresponds to what shown in figure 6, wherein a connector 1 passing through the insulating panels 3 is visible in details such to have the holes 10 on opposite faces of the wall, which holes 10 hold the bars 4 running horizontally along the opposite faces of the wall.

The circled part C in figure 1 corresponds to what shown in figure 7, wherein the contact line 30 between adjacent panels 3 is visible. At such line the connector is placed protruding by an extent enough to make the hole 10 accessible for the passage of the bar 4.

Inner and outer surfaces of the walls are plastered with thicknesses of 30 mm. In this example a simple wall without a hollow space was selected. In order to make hollow spaces connectors with 4 holes are necessary (fig.12).

In the embodiment of figure 4, there are provided further holes in the connectors 1 , which further holes are placed in a direction perpendicular to the holes shown for example in figure 5, such that additional bars 4 are held placed perpendicularly to the first bars, that is placed vertically in the example of the figure. Such arrangement guarantees a high strength to shear forces exerted on the wall. As an alternative or in combination, the positioning of jambs of window or door casings guarantees a similar strength.

Example 4 - wall for industrial shed

For industrial and commercial sheds the solution of a wall without hollow space with an insulating panel with a thickness as required by the purchaser is selected. In the vertical pillars on inner flanges, every 30 cm from the ground, a series of holes with a diameter of 13 mm is drilled. As regards the rest proceed as in example 3.

Results

1 - Connectors with two holes used for strengthening old walls produced with vinyl ester resin and E-glass fibers rowing Owens Corning 2400 tex, have proved with official tests the following ultimate tensile strength:

Model 6-9: 26500 N;

Mod. 9-15: 33000 N;

Mod. 7-13: 39000 N.

As regards standard supply connectors strength ranges from 20.000 to 35.000 N. As regards connectors with carbon fibers it ranges from 35 to 2- Strength typical of plaster and curtain wall is improved by the number of bars passing through the plaster. Bars have a ultimate tensile strength, for diameter of 8 mm, of 60 KN, for a diameter of 10 mm it is 90 KN.

3 - The new wall has a value of U = 0.120 with a thickness of 26 cm of the insulating panels made of glass wool or 20 cm made of foamed polyurethane, and two plasters of 3+3 cm. The weight of curtain wall, not including structures and platers, is 30 Kg per square meter. Bars are held by the two pillars by connectors-fasteners that support at least 30 KN. As regards plaster an increase in the number of bars or a reduction of the size of meshes improves the seismic strength. The diagram of the new possible wall is in fig.4.1.

The speed in erecting insulating panels within cages of bars is about 6 hours for a wall of 6 meters. Therefore the cost of the outside main wall is in the order of 1 10€ per square meter, excluding window or door casings and foundations.

Claims

1 . Wall comprising one or more pillars (2) and at least one core or curtain wall comprising one or more insulating panels (3) and/or a pre- existing wall,

characterized in that

the core or curtain wall is held and supported within at least one cage composed of pultruded bars (4) made of composite material placed on the opposite faces of the core or curtain wall and connected one another by connectors (1 ) made of composite material, the connectors (1 ) being composed of rods provided with two or more holes (10) for the passage and for holding the bars (4), the distance between such holes (10) is accurate with a tolerance lower than 4 mm.

2. Wall according to claim 1 , wherein the pillars (2) are provided with holes for the passage and for holding the bars (4) or with elements (21 ) having holes for the passage and for holding the bars (4).

3. Wall according to claim 2, wherein said holes (10) provided in the connectors are placed at such a distance from one another ranging from 200 mm to 1000 mm.

4. Wall according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein there are provided a plurality of said cages composed of the bars (4) and connectors (1 ), which cages are continuous, bound to each other and bound or rigidly fastened to said pillars (2) or to other load-bearing structures of the buildings, since such pillars (2) or such structures are provided with holes with a diameter of 3 to 50 mm to receive and retain the bars (4), or with elements (21 ) fastened or fastenable to the pillars or to structures, which elements (21 ) have holes with a diameter of 3 to 50 mm for the passage and for retaining the bars (4), which cages have the dimensions of the walls to be strengthened or of pillars or walls to be built, or of insulating panels (3) to be held to form the walls.

5. Wall according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the ultimate tensile strength is as required by the plan and therefore within a range from 3 to 300 KN, while the elastic modulus for high seismic areas is 100-300 GPa, the bars (4) and/or connectors (1 ) comprising carbon fibers and/or normal and/or basaltic glass fibers.

6. Wall according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said cage is installed for renovation and strengthening of old walls while contemporaneously increasing thermal insulation by adding external insulating panels on the external face of the wall, renovation obtained by drilling through holes in the outside main wall, inserting in the holes the connectors (1 ) with three holes (10), where such connectors (1 ) have a length at least equal to the thickness of the wall and plus the thickness of the insulating panel, where such connectors (1 ) with three holes have a first hole (10) on the inner surface of the wall, a second wall (10) on the external surface of the wall, which two holes (10) are intended to receive two bars (4) to enclose the wall structure, while the third hole (10) that protrudes outside receives a third row of bars (4) that enclose the external insulation, where such connector (1 ) with three holes has a length enough to contain the thickness of the wall and of the insulating panels added as external insulation on the outer face, to bind the triple grid of bars inside and outside the wall forming said cages, in a number necessary to handle the whole wall.

7. Wall according to claim 6, wherein each component of the cage has a ultimate tensile strength ranging from 25 to 100 KN, depending on thicknesses and weights of the wall to be renovated.

8. Wall according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said cage is installed for the renovation of old walls with connectors with two 4-30 mm diameter holes, with ultimate tensile strength ranging from 3 to 100 KN, where said connectors (1 ) have a length equal to the thickness of the wall, penetrate through the wall to be renovated, have on the outer and inner surface of the wall the two holes (10) through which bars (4) are inserted with the desired length, the bars (4) being covered by plaster.

9. Wall according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the wall is a new wall and wherein the core or curtain wall is composed of insulating panels (3), with a thickness of 40-400 mm, preferably 220 mm, to form curtain walls between beams and pillars (2) of load-bearing structures, where cages form a cube or a parallelepiped and have at least two bars (4) on the same side of the cube or parallelepiped, which bars (4) penetrate into holes drilled in beams and pillars (2) in the amount defined by the building plan, to structurally bind cages to beams and pillars (2), preventing the curtain walls from being easily detached and from falling down in case of earthquakes thus obtaining also outside main walls with a thermal insulation stable over the years, of U=0.100-0.280, preferably 11=0.120 where all the panels also the external insulation panels are fastened in a stable and resistant manner to the structure.

10. Wall according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein pillars are made of concrete and are composed of pultruded bars made of carbon or glass fibers held by stirrups (5) made of composite material, which stirrups (5) are equipped with holes with a diameter of 4 to 40 mm, or curves like open circular holes, with a diameter from 4 to 40 mm, such to make it easy to insert and lock bars (4) to form long walls and wide surfaces, where the bars are locked by glues or by iron wires within the open circular curve that has a dimension correspondingly to the diameter of the bar.

1 1 . Wall comprising a structural core or curtain wall and an external insulation,

characterized in that

it comprises one or more connectors (1 ) composed of rods made of rigid reinforced plastic material or composite material, with a ultimate tensile strength of 1 to 100 KN, preferably 30 KN, intended to fasten the external insulation, the external insulation being composed of one or more insulating panels laid on the surface of the structural core or curtain wall, which external insulation has a thickness of 30-300 mm, preferably 120 mm, where the connectors have a length of 50-500 mm, preferably 200 mm, and a diameter of 5-20 mm, preferably 9 mm, and are equipped with one or two holes, with a diameter of 3-30 mm and placed only at one end of the rod, where such rod is placed in a suitable cavity obtained in the structural core or curtain wall such that the hole or two holes of the rod are placed outside the external edge of the panel, the rod being fastened in the cavity by resin or glue, there being provided bars with diameter of 3-16 mm, preferably 8 mm, made of composite material comprising carbon or glass fibers or others, that pass in the holes of the connectors that protrude above the external insulation, the external insulation and bars being covered by a 10- 30 thickness plaster.

12. Method for producing a connector (1 ) composed of a rod of composite material provided with one or more holes for the passage and for holding bars,

characterized in that

it provides the following steps:

13. Method according to claim 12, wherein the fibers are wound on pins placed at variable distance depending on use or on the thickness of walls and said position of the pins is accurate at least to the millimeter.