[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2018098485A8 - Method for production for press hardened steel with increased toughness - Google Patents

Method for production for press hardened steel with increased toughness Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2018098485A8
WO2018098485A8 PCT/US2017/063490 US2017063490W WO2018098485A8 WO 2018098485 A8 WO2018098485 A8 WO 2018098485A8 US 2017063490 W US2017063490 W US 2017063490W WO 2018098485 A8 WO2018098485 A8 WO 2018098485A8
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
temperature
slab
production
hardened steel
increased toughness
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2017/063490
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2018098485A1 (en
Inventor
John Andrew ROUBIDOUX
Erasmus AMOATENG
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cleveland Cliffs Steel Properties Inc
Original Assignee
AK Steel Properties Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AK Steel Properties Inc filed Critical AK Steel Properties Inc
Publication of WO2018098485A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018098485A1/en
Publication of WO2018098485A8 publication Critical patent/WO2018098485A8/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/02—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling heavy work, e.g. ingots, slabs, blooms, or billets, in which the cross-sectional form is unimportant ; Rolling combined with forging or pressing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0294—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips involving a localised treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/02—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling heavy work, e.g. ingots, slabs, blooms, or billets, in which the cross-sectional form is unimportant ; Rolling combined with forging or pressing
    • B21B2001/028—Slabs

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

A method for processing a press hardenable steel includes first heating a slab of the press hardenable steel. The slab is heated to a re-heat furnace temperature of approximately 2300 °F. The slab is subjected to rolling into a steel sheet having a predetermined thickness. The temperature of the slab during rolling corresponds to a rolling temperature that is greater than or equal to 1600 °F.The steel sheet is coiled. The temperature of the steel sheet during coiling corresponds to a coiling temperature of approximately 1050 °F.
PCT/US2017/063490 2016-11-28 2017-11-28 Method for production for press hardened steel with increased toughness Ceased WO2018098485A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201662426788P 2016-11-28 2016-11-28
US62/426,788 2016-11-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018098485A1 WO2018098485A1 (en) 2018-05-31
WO2018098485A8 true WO2018098485A8 (en) 2018-06-28

Family

ID=60813975

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2017/063490 Ceased WO2018098485A1 (en) 2016-11-28 2017-11-28 Method for production for press hardened steel with increased toughness

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20180147614A1 (en)
TW (1) TW201829806A (en)
WO (1) WO2018098485A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111519103B (en) * 2020-06-05 2021-09-03 东风商用车有限公司 Preparation method of high-strength saddle shell
CN112011716A (en) * 2020-08-06 2020-12-01 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 A kind of preparation method of rare earth cerium microalloying to produce H40 steel
WO2022050501A1 (en) * 2020-09-01 2022-03-10 현대제철 주식회사 Material for hot stamping and method for manufacturing same
WO2022050500A1 (en) 2020-09-01 2022-03-10 현대제철 주식회사 Material for hot stamping, and method for manufacturing same
MX2023002518A (en) * 2020-09-01 2023-03-13 Hyundai Steel Co Hot stamping material and production method therefor.
CN117568569A (en) * 2022-08-08 2024-02-20 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 Method for preparing high performance stamped hardened steel components

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MX2010010386A (en) * 2008-03-26 2010-10-15 Nippon Steel Corp Hot rolled steel sheet possessing excellent fatigue properties and stretch-flange ability and process for producing the hot rolled steel sheet.
EP2631306B1 (en) * 2010-10-22 2019-12-11 Nippon Steel Corporation Process for producing hot stamped body and hot stamped body
US9353424B2 (en) * 2013-03-14 2016-05-31 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation High strength steel sheet excellent in delayed fracture resistance and low temperature toughness, and high strength member manufactured using the same
WO2014171062A1 (en) * 2013-04-15 2014-10-23 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 High-strength hot-rolled steel sheet and method for manufacturing same
ES2662381T3 (en) * 2013-09-18 2018-04-06 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation Hot stamped part and its manufacturing method
JP6143355B2 (en) * 2013-10-22 2017-06-07 株式会社神戸製鋼所 Hot-rolled steel sheet with excellent drawability and surface hardness after carburizing heat treatment
WO2016016676A1 (en) * 2014-07-30 2016-02-04 ArcelorMittal Investigación y Desarrollo, S.L. Process for manufacturing steel sheets, for press hardening, and parts obtained by means of this process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TW201829806A (en) 2018-08-16
WO2018098485A1 (en) 2018-05-31
US20180147614A1 (en) 2018-05-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2018098485A8 (en) Method for production for press hardened steel with increased toughness
ZA202002309B (en) Cold rolled heat treated steel sheet and a method of manufacturing thereof
ZA202002313B (en) Cold rolled and heat treated steel sheet and a method of manufacturing thereof
IN2015DN00613A (en)
EP3336212A4 (en) Material for high-strength steel sheet, hot rolled material for high-strength steel sheet, material annealed after hot rolling and for high-strength steel sheet, high-strength steel sheet, high-strength hot-dip plated steel sheet, high-strength electroplated steel sheet, and manufacturing method for same
ZA202002385B (en) Cold rolled and heat treated steel sheet and a method of manufacturing thereof
WO2015029653A8 (en) Method of manufacturing hot press formed part, and hot press formed part
ZA202103425B (en) Cold rolled and annealed steel sheet, method of production thereof and use of such steel to produce vehicle parts
MX387989B (en) HIGH STRENGTH STEEL SHEET AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME.
PL3720981T3 (en) Cold rolled and annealed steel sheet and method of manufacturing the same
MX2019007946A (en) Hot stamp molded body and method for producing same.
ZA202002387B (en) Cold rolled and annealed steel sheet and method of manufacturing the same
ZA202101976B (en) Cold rolled and heat-treated steel sheet and method of manufacturing the same
WO2015163016A8 (en) Method for manufacturing hot press forming part and hot press forming part
MX387686B (en) METHOD FOR HEATING STEEL SHEETS AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD
ZA202203670B (en) Hot rolled and heat-treated steel sheet and method of manufacturing the same
WO2016084378A8 (en) Method for manufacturing grain-oriented electrical steel sheet
BR112017004145A2 (en) Cold Rolled Steel Sheet, Cold Rolled Steel Sheet Fabrication Method, Automobile Member, and Cold Rolled Steel Sheet Fabrication Plant
WO2016014424A3 (en) System and method for producing a hardened and tempered structural member
EP3412789A4 (en) THIN STEEL SHEET AND PLATED STEEL SHEET, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING HOT ROLLED STEEL SHEET, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING COLD LAMINATED STEEL SHEET, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THERMALLY TREATED STEEL SHEET, PROCESS METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THIN STEEL SHEET AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING PLATED STEEL SHEET
MX2015011022A (en) Production method for grain-oriented electrical steel sheets.
ZA202204892B (en) Heat treated cold rolled steel sheet and a method of manufacturing thereof
HUE064787T2 (en) Cold rolled and heat treated steel sheet, method of production thereof and use of such steel to produce vehicle parts
EP3418418A4 (en) THIN STEEL SHEET, PLATED STEEL SHEET, METHOD FOR PRODUCING HOT ROLLED STEEL SHEET, METHOD FOR PRODUCING COLD LAMINATED STEEL SHEET, METHOD FOR PRODUCING THIN STEEL SHEET, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING PLATED STEEL SHEET
ZA202203407B (en) High toughness hot rolled and annealed steel sheet and method of manufacturing the same

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 17822094

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 17822094

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1