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WO2018093440A1 - Compresseur à vis avec synchronisation de rotor - Google Patents

Compresseur à vis avec synchronisation de rotor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018093440A1
WO2018093440A1 PCT/US2017/049588 US2017049588W WO2018093440A1 WO 2018093440 A1 WO2018093440 A1 WO 2018093440A1 US 2017049588 W US2017049588 W US 2017049588W WO 2018093440 A1 WO2018093440 A1 WO 2018093440A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
motor
compressor
axis
sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2017/049588
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Vishnu M. Sishtla
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carrier Corp
Original Assignee
Carrier Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carrier Corp filed Critical Carrier Corp
Publication of WO2018093440A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018093440A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2/00—Rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C2/08—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C2/12—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type
    • F04C2/14—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons
    • F04C2/16—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped, screw type
    • F04C2/165—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped, screw type having more than two rotary pistons with parallel axes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2240/00—Components
    • F04C2240/40—Electric motor
    • F04C2240/402—Plurality of electronically synchronised motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2240/00—Components
    • F04C2240/80—Other components
    • F04C2240/81—Sensor, e.g. electronic sensor for control or monitoring

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates to screw compressors. More particularly, the disclosure relates to rotor synchronization in screw compressors.
  • a motor drives one rotor.
  • the rotor is enmeshed with other rotors.
  • the motor-driven rotor is a male rotor
  • its lobes are enmeshed with the lobes of one or more female rotors so that cooperation of the enmeshed lobes drives rotation of the female rotors.
  • the lobe engagement may produce wear.
  • One aspect of the disclosure involves a compressor comprising: a housing; a first rotor mounted for rotation about a first axis; a first motor coupled to the first rotor to drive rotation of the first rotor about the first axis; a second rotor mounted for rotation about a second axis and enmeshed with the first rotor; a second motor coupled to the second rotor to drive rotation of the second rotor about the second axis; and means for detecting a phase relationship between the first rotor and the second rotor.
  • the means comprises: a first sensor for measuring an orientation of the first rotor about the first axis; and a second sensor for measuring an orientation of the second rotor about the second axis.
  • the first sensor is an optical sensor; and the second sensor is an optical sensor.
  • the compressor does not have synchronizing gears between the first rotor and second rotor.
  • the first rotor is a male rotor and the second rotor is a female rotor.
  • the first motor is an electric motor and the second motor is an electric motor.
  • the first motor is axially opposite the second motor.
  • the first motor is at a suction end of the compressor and the second motor is at a discharge end of the compressor.
  • the compressor further comprises: a third rotor mounted for rotation about a third axis and enmeshed with the first rotor; and a third motor coupled to the third rotor to drive rotation of the third rotor about the third axis.
  • the means is also means for detecting a phase relationship between the first rotor and the third rotor.
  • the means comprises: a first sensor for measuring an orientation of the first rotor about the first axis; a second sensor for measuring an orientation of the second rotor about the second axis; and a third sensor for measuring an orientation of the third rotor about the third axis.
  • the compressor further comprises a controller configured to: operate the first motor and the second motor to maintain a synchronized phase relationship between the first rotor and the second rotor.
  • the controller is configured to: operate the first motor and the second motor to avoid contact between the first rotor and the second rotor.
  • the compressor further comprises a controller configured to: operate the first motor and the second motor to avoid contact between the first rotor and the second rotor.
  • a method for using the compressor comprises operating the first motor and the second motor to avoid contact between the first rotor and the second rotor.
  • the method further comprises determining a backlash between the first rotor and the second rotor.
  • a compressor comprising: a housing; a first rotor mounted for rotation about a first axis; a first motor coupled to the first rotor to drive rotation of the first rotor about the first axis; a second rotor mounted for rotation about a second axis and enmeshed with the first rotor; a second motor coupled to the second rotor to drive rotation of the second rotor about the second axis; a first sensor for measuring an orientation of the first rotor about the first axis; and a second sensor for measuring an orientation of the second rotor about the second axis.
  • the compressor further comprises a controller configured to operate the first motor and the second motor responsive to input from the first sensor and the second sensor to avoid contact between the first rotor and the second rotor.
  • the compressor further comprises: a third rotor mounted for rotation about a third axis and enmeshed with the first rotor; and a third motor coupled to the third rotor to drive rotation of the third rotor about the third axis.
  • the first motor is axially opposite the second motor.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cutaway view of a first compressor.
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cutaway view of a second compressor.
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cutaway view of a third compressor.
  • FIG. 4 is a longitudinal cutaway view of a fourth compressor.
  • FIG. 1 shows a compressor 20 having a housing assembly 22 defining at least one inlet or suction port 24 and at least one outlet or discharge port 26 with a flowpath therebetween.
  • the compressor includes a plurality of lobed rotors 30, 32A, 32B respectively driven by motors 34, 36A, 36B.
  • the rotor 30 is a male rotor having a male-lobed working portion 40 and shaft portions 42 and 44 protruding from opposite ends of the working portion 40.
  • each of the female rotors 32A, 32B has a working portion 46 enmeshed with the working portion 40 and has shaft portions 48 and 50.
  • the shaft portions are supported by appropriate bearings for rotation of the rotors about respective axes 500, 502A, 502B.
  • Each exemplary motor is an electric motor (e.g., induction, permanent magnet (PM), or switch reluctance) having a rotor and a stator and is independently powered. By independently powering and controlling the motors, minimal to no engagement torque may be transmitted by contact of the rotors with each other. To do this, rotor position sensors 60, 62A, 62B may be provided. These may measure the angular position of each rotor about its axis.
  • electric motor e.g., induction, permanent magnet (PM), or switch reluctance
  • This may be a unique position (i.e., so as to know exactly where a given point on the rotor is in its 360° cycle) or may be a more limited measurement (e.g., due to the symmetry of the rotor having a given number of lobes, one does not need to know the exact position of a given lobe but only the general phase of operation).
  • the sensor input may be utilized such that there is no hard contact between rotors (sealing between rotors will nevertheless likely be accomplished by oil but there will be little or no squeezing of the oil).
  • Exemplary sensors have elements 70 rotating with the rotor (e.g., encoder disks) and fixed elements 72 interacting therewith (e.g., optical or Hall effect sensors).
  • the term "sensor” may identify only the element 72 or the combination of elements 70 and 72.
  • FIG. 1 also shows each exemplary sensor as having a connector 74 on the housing for electrically connecting the sensor to wiring which, in turn, connects to a controller (e.g., a system controller or a dedicated controller of the compressor).
  • a controller e.g., a system controller or a dedicated controller of the compressor.
  • control there may be feedback control.
  • control is envisioned by comparison to a baseline single-motor compressor wherein motor speed is controlled.
  • an exemplary baseline controller may, depending upon conditions, output or utilize a speed parameter. This may be used in simple feedback control of that single motor. In a modified system, this target speed may similarly be used to control the motor 34.
  • control of the motors 36A and 36B may follow one or more of several processes. One process is purely responsive/reactive. For example, based upon the output of the sensor 60 on the one hand and the sensors 62A and 62B on the other hand, the motors 36A and 36B may be controlled to maintain the exact desired phase relationship.
  • the backlash or rotor clearance amount may be quantified in any of several ways.
  • One way is a tangential linear distance at the center of the enmeshed lobes.
  • One example below is in the range of 5 to 20 micrometers.
  • Another way is an angle of backlash about the axis of a rotor. If the rotors are of different sizes, a given backlash will have different angles depending on which one of the rotors is used as the reference. Relative rotor phase within that range of backlash may, similarly, be expressed as a linear dimension or an angle.
  • FIG. 2 shows a compressor 100 otherwise similar to the compressor 20 except that the motors 36 A, 36B are axially opposite the motor 34 rather than at the same end of the compressor. This configuration may offer better accessibility of motors for servicing and repair.
  • FIG. 3 shows a two-rotor compressor 200 with a single female rotor. Both motors are at the same end of the compressor.
  • FIG. 4 shows a two-rotor compressor 300 where the motors are at opposite ends.
  • the compressors may be used in a vapor compression system such as a refrigeration system.
  • An exemplary refrigeration system is a vapor compression system comprising a compressor for driving refrigerant flow along a recirculating refrigerant flowpath.
  • the refrigerant flowpath proceeds downstream from the outlet or discharge port of the compressor through a heat rejection heat exchanger to reject heat such as to an external environment (e.g., via a fan-forced external airflow or via a heat transfer liquid).
  • Refrigerant may then be expanded such as in an expansion device (e.g., electronic expansion valve, thermal expansion valve, orifice, capillary device, or the like) and passed to a heat absorption to absorb heat (e.g., from a fan forced airflow or from a heat transfer liquid). After absorbing heat, refrigerant may return to the suction port or inlet of the compressor.
  • an expansion device e.g., electronic expansion valve, thermal expansion valve, orifice, capillary device, or the like
  • a heat absorption e.g., from a fan forced airflow or from a heat transfer liquid.
  • refrigerant may return to the suction port or inlet of the compressor.
  • FIG. 1 further shows a controller 400.
  • the controller may receive user inputs from an input device (e.g., switches, keyboard, or the like) and sensors (60, 62A, 62B, and other system sensors, not shown, e.g., pressure sensors and temperature sensors at various system locations).
  • the controller may be coupled to the sensors and controllable system components (e.g., valves, the bearings, the compressor motors 34, 36A, 36B, vane actuators, and the like) via control lines (e.g., hardwired or wireless communication paths).
  • the controller may include one or more: processors; memory (e.g., for storing program information for execution by the processor to perform the operational methods and for storing data used or generated by the program(s)); and hardware interface devices (e.g., ports) for interfacing with input/output devices and controllable system components.
  • processors e.g., for storing program information for execution by the processor to perform the operational methods and for storing data used or generated by the program(s)
  • hardware interface devices e.g., ports
  • the compressor may be made using otherwise conventional or yet-developed materials and techniques.
  • Exemplary motors can be induction, permanent magnet, or switch reluctance. Both axial and radial flux can be used.
  • the motors are all of the same general type but may be differently sized.
  • Motor sizes can be tailored to for different torque transmission to avoid rotordynamic issues with overhung motor rotor.
  • typical torque transmission between male and female rotors is 5 to 10%.
  • the male motor may be 5-10% smaller than compared to a single motor driven design. The smaller motor overhang may allow operating the compressor at higher speed.
  • Advantages may include one or more of: reduced wear on rotor lobes; elimination of synchronizing gears; reduced oil use and/or use of less viscous oil and or no oil; reduced heat generation; and improved efficiency.
  • reduced oil use e.g., reduced oil content entering the compressor in the refrigerant flow and/or as separate injections
  • thermal efficiency e.g., via improved heat exchanger performance
  • the backlash amount may be already known from engineering data. Otherwise, this may be determined.
  • specimens of a given compressor model might have backlash in a range of 5 to 20 micrometers.
  • the backlash may be measured electronically after the rotors are assembled. This is done by rotating one of the rotors and holding the other rotor stationary.
  • Sensor output may be used by the controller to determine the amount of backlash and relative phase. With lobe count programmed into the controller, the controller may be able to then determine relative phase as the rotors rotate.
  • the backlash may have range for a given rotor pair (e.g., there may be different backlash when different lobes on a given rotor are interacting with different lobes on the mating rotor). This involves, not merely rotor manufacturing tolerance but housing or other manufacturing tolerance. Thus, possible implementations may include multiple measurements. These might determine an average backlash and may allow the controller to select a phase relationship that compensates for irregularity. For example, if it is desired to have meshing at the middle of the backlash range but one lobe on one rotor is slightly mis-positioned or mis-sized.
  • the speed may be set so that meshing involving said lobe is slightly out of phase with the meshing involving the other lobes (e.g., to one side of that lobe meshing occurs early and to another side meshing occurs late if mis- positioned or meshing occurs late or early to both sides if mis-sized).
  • profile measurements may be taken of each rotor. Based on the rotor profile measurements, analytical methods can be used to determine the backlash range. This can also be measured by mating different combinations of teeth on each rotor on a bench and then averaging or using the worst-case numbers to provide safe operation.
  • the controller itself may operate the motors to determine backlash.
  • the controller may rotate one motor in opposite directions determining from the sensor of the other rotor or from some other means when contact is made. Correlating the contact events with the sensor outputs of both sensors (or more in the case of a three-rotor system) allows the controller to determine the amount of backlash and calibrate the relationship of sensor output to rotor orientation. This is the kind of thing that could be done prior to startup, at startup, once up to speed, and/or periodically during operation.
  • the controller may create a map or equation relating a time difference in rotor position to speed to achieve the desired relationship.
  • the time difference may be a difference between the center of a lobe of one rotor reaching the shared plane of the rotor axes and the center of the next lobe of the other rotor reaching that plane.
  • the controller may wait until an operating speed is reached.
  • the controller may try to maintain the desired phase from start-up.
  • one operational sequence may reflect knowledge that due to pressure, the rotors may be contacting at one end of the range of backlash.
  • the controller may start whichever of the motors would disengage that contact and then start the other motor(s) after a calculated time difference. As the first motor is accelerated, the speed of the second motor may be iteratively controlled to maintain the desired phase relationship.
  • the control routine which may be programmed or otherwise configured into the controller.
  • the routine provides for the desired phase relationship and may be superimposed upon the controller's normal programming/routines (not described, e.g., providing the basic operation of a baseline system to which the foregoing control routine is added).
  • the targeted phase relationship is to keep the lobes exactly out of phase (dead center in the range of backlash). That dead center condition might be a dead-center condition for the average interaction or the worst case interaction.
  • other targets might be at different points in the range of backlash. These might be anywhere from 15% to 95% (or 10% to 90% or 25% to 75%) along the range of such average or worst case backlash.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un compresseur (20, 100, 200, 300) comprenant : un boîtier (22) ; un premier rotor (30) monté pour tourner autour d'un premier axe (500) ; un premier moteur (34) couplé au premier rotor pour entraîner la rotation du premier rotor autour du premier axe ; un second rotor (32A) monté pour tourner autour d'un second axe (502A) et s'engrenant avec le premier rotor ; un second moteur (36A) couplé au second rotor pour entraîner la rotation du second rotor autour du second axe ; et des moyens (60, 62A) pour détecter une relation de phase entre le premier rotor et le second rotor.
PCT/US2017/049588 2016-11-16 2017-08-31 Compresseur à vis avec synchronisation de rotor Ceased WO2018093440A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201662423123P 2016-11-16 2016-11-16
US62/423,123 2016-11-16

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WO2018093440A1 true WO2018093440A1 (fr) 2018-05-24

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PCT/US2017/049588 Ceased WO2018093440A1 (fr) 2016-11-16 2017-08-31 Compresseur à vis avec synchronisation de rotor

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020128830A1 (fr) * 2018-12-18 2020-06-25 Atlas Copco Airpower, Naamloze Vennootschap Machine volumétrique telle qu'un compresseur, un dispositif d'expansion, une pompe ou analogue pour le déplacement d'un milieu et procédé utilisé au moyen de celle-ci
BE1026958B1 (nl) * 2018-12-18 2020-08-11 Atlas Copco Airpower Nv Volumetrische machine zoals een compressor, expander, pomp of dergelijke voor het verplaatsen van een medium en werkwijze daarbij toegepast

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0502459A2 (fr) * 1991-03-04 1992-09-09 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Appareil d'entraînement à arbres multiples et appareil rotatif à fluide
EP0558921A1 (fr) * 1992-01-31 1993-09-08 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Dispositif technique à plusieurs arbres rotatifs synchronisés
US5767635A (en) * 1993-06-04 1998-06-16 Sihi Gmbh & Co. Kg Displacement machine with electronic motor synchronization
US5910001A (en) 1996-07-03 1999-06-08 Hitachi Techno Engineering Co., Ltd. Method for adjusting engaged clearance between rotors of screw compressor and apparatus therefor
EP1059454A1 (fr) * 1999-06-09 2000-12-13 Sterling Fluid Systems (Germany) GmbH Compresseur à piston rotatif avec écoulement axial

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0502459A2 (fr) * 1991-03-04 1992-09-09 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Appareil d'entraînement à arbres multiples et appareil rotatif à fluide
EP0558921A1 (fr) * 1992-01-31 1993-09-08 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Dispositif technique à plusieurs arbres rotatifs synchronisés
US5767635A (en) * 1993-06-04 1998-06-16 Sihi Gmbh & Co. Kg Displacement machine with electronic motor synchronization
US5910001A (en) 1996-07-03 1999-06-08 Hitachi Techno Engineering Co., Ltd. Method for adjusting engaged clearance between rotors of screw compressor and apparatus therefor
EP1059454A1 (fr) * 1999-06-09 2000-12-13 Sterling Fluid Systems (Germany) GmbH Compresseur à piston rotatif avec écoulement axial

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020128830A1 (fr) * 2018-12-18 2020-06-25 Atlas Copco Airpower, Naamloze Vennootschap Machine volumétrique telle qu'un compresseur, un dispositif d'expansion, une pompe ou analogue pour le déplacement d'un milieu et procédé utilisé au moyen de celle-ci
BE1026958B1 (nl) * 2018-12-18 2020-08-11 Atlas Copco Airpower Nv Volumetrische machine zoals een compressor, expander, pomp of dergelijke voor het verplaatsen van een medium en werkwijze daarbij toegepast
US11493043B2 (en) 2018-12-18 2022-11-08 Atlas Copco Airpower, Naamloze Vennootschap Positive displacement machine with kinematic synchronization coupling and with driven moving parts having their own individual drives

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