WO2018070689A1 - 무선 통신 시스템에서의 반영형 서비스 퀄리티 적용 방법 및 이를 위한 장치 - Google Patents
무선 통신 시스템에서의 반영형 서비스 퀄리티 적용 방법 및 이를 위한 장치 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018070689A1 WO2018070689A1 PCT/KR2017/010476 KR2017010476W WO2018070689A1 WO 2018070689 A1 WO2018070689 A1 WO 2018070689A1 KR 2017010476 W KR2017010476 W KR 2017010476W WO 2018070689 A1 WO2018070689 A1 WO 2018070689A1
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- qos
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/0268—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control using specific QoS parameters for wireless networks, e.g. QoS class identifier [QCI] or guaranteed bit rate [GBR]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/06—Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing, discarding information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
- H04W28/24—Negotiating SLA [Service Level Agreement]; Negotiating QoS [Quality of Service]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a reflection service quality application / support method and an apparatus for performing the same.
- Mobile communication systems have been developed to provide voice services while ensuring user activity.
- the mobile communication system has expanded not only voice but also data service, and the explosive increase in traffic causes shortage of resources and users require faster services. Therefore, a more advanced mobile communication system is required. .
- An object of the present invention is to propose an efficient reflective QoS procedure.
- an object of the present invention is to propose a timer operation for counting the effective time of the reflective QoS application in order to efficiently operate the reflective QoS procedure.
- An aspect of the present invention is a method of performing a reflective quality of service (QoS) of a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: receiving a downlink packet from a network;
- the downlink packet may be a packet indicated to apply the reflective QoS.
- Deriving a QoS rule based on the downlink packet Applying the QoS marking of the downlink packet to an uplink packet using the QoS rule and transmitting the uplink packet to the network; Restarting the timer when the downlink packet is received before expiration of the timer associated with the QoS rule; It may include.
- the method of performing reflective QoS may further include: deleting the QoS rule when the timer expires; It may further include.
- the method of performing reflective QoS may include starting the timer when the downlink packet is received after the timer expires; It may further include.
- the value of the timer may be determined in advance in a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment procedure of the UE.
- PDU protocol data unit
- the network is an access network (AN)
- the AN is a reflective QoS indication indicating the application of reflective QoS of the downlink packet through an encapsulation header on an N3 reference point from the user plane function and the It may be a network node that receives a QoS marking.
- the QoS marking may correspond to an identifier of a QoS flow of the downlink packet.
- the QoS rule may be used to determine a mapping relationship between the uplink packet and the QoS flow.
- the QoS rule may include a priority value used to determine a packet filter derived from the downlink packet, a QoS marking of the downlink packet, and an evaluation order of the uplink packet.
- the packet filter may be derived from a header of the downlink packet.
- the transmitting of the uplink packet to the network by applying the QoS marking of the downlink packet to the uplink packet using the QoS rule may include evaluating a plurality of uplink packets in order of the priority value to the QoS rule. Filtering an uplink packet matching the included packet filter; And applying the QoS marking included in the QoS rule to the filtered uplink packet and transmitting it to the network. It may include.
- the deriving of the QoS rule based on the downlink packet may include: checking whether the QoS rule associated with the downlink packet exists; And if the QoS rule associated with the downlink packet does not exist, deriving the QoS rule based on the downlink packet and starting the timer; It may include.
- the QoS rule derived according to the reflective QoS application may have a lower priority than an explicitly signaled QoS rule.
- the application of the reflective QoS may be deactivated through the user plane or the control plane.
- a user equipment for performing a reflective quality of service (QoS) in a wireless communication system
- the communication module for transmitting and receiving signals
- a processor controlling the communication module.
- the processor receives a downlink packet from a network, wherein the downlink packet is a packet indicated to apply the reflective QoS, derives a QoS rule based on the downlink packet, and generates the QoS rule.
- the timer may be restarted.
- the processor may delete the QoS rule when the timer expires.
- the QoS rule may include a priority value used to determine a packet filter derived from the downlink packet, a QoS marking of the downlink packet, and an evaluation order of the uplink packet.
- FIG. 1 is a view briefly illustrating an EPS (Evolved Packet System) to which the present invention can be applied.
- EPS Evolved Packet System
- E-UTRAN evolved universal terrestrial radio access network
- FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of an E-UTRAN and an EPC in a wireless communication system to which the present invention can be applied.
- FIG. 4 shows a structure of a radio interface protocol between a terminal and an E-UTRAN in a wireless communication system to which the present invention can be applied.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram exemplarily illustrating a structure of a physical channel in a wireless communication system to which the present invention can be applied.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a 5G system architecture using a reference point representation.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a 5G system architecture using a service-based representation.
- FIG. 8 illustrates an NG-RAN architecture to which the present invention may be applied.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a radio protocol stack to which the present invention can be applied.
- FIG. 10 illustrates an RM state model to which the present invention may be applied.
- FIG. 11 illustrates a CM state model to which the present invention can be applied.
- FIG. 12 illustrates classification and user plane marking, mapping of QoS flows to AN resources, for QoS flows in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a 5G system architecture to which the present invention may be applied.
- FIG. 14 illustrates a QoS flow mapping scheme for uplink traffic of a UE that can be applied to the present invention.
- 15 is a flowchart illustrating a method of determining whether to use reflective QoS and a method of indicating a reflective QoS in a process of setting up a PDU session according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 16 is a flowchart illustrating a reflective QoS indication method according to Method 1 of the present invention.
- 17 is a flowchart illustrating a reflective QoS indication method according to the method 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating a method for recovering when reflective QoS related information is lost while applying Method 2.
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating a reflective QoS procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 illustrates a block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 illustrates a block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a base station has a meaning as a terminal node of a network that directly communicates with a terminal.
- the specific operation described as performed by the base station in this document may be performed by an upper node of the base station in some cases. That is, it is obvious that various operations performed for communication with a terminal in a network composed of a plurality of network nodes including a base station may be performed by the base station or other network nodes other than the base station.
- a 'base station (BS)' may be replaced by terms such as a fixed station, a Node B, an evolved-NodeB (eNB), a base transceiver system (BTS), an access point (AP), and the like. .
- a 'terminal' may be fixed or mobile, and may include a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), a subscriber station (SS), and an AMS ( Advanced Mobile Station (WT), Wireless Terminal (WT), Machine-Type Communication (MTC) Device, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) Device, Device-to-Device (D2D) Device, etc.
- UE user equipment
- MS mobile station
- UT user terminal
- MSS mobile subscriber station
- SS subscriber station
- AMS Advanced Mobile Station
- WT Wireless Terminal
- MTC Machine-Type Communication
- M2M Machine-to-Machine
- D2D Device-to-Device
- downlink means communication from a base station to a terminal
- uplink means communication from a terminal to a base station.
- a transmitter may be part of a base station, and a receiver may be part of a terminal.
- a transmitter may be part of a terminal and a receiver may be part of a base station.
- CDMA code division multiple access
- FDMA frequency division multiple access
- TDMA time division multiple access
- OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
- SC-FDMA single carrier frequency division multiple access
- GSM global system for mobile communications
- GPRS general packet radio service
- EDGE enhanced data rates for GSM evolution
- OFDMA may be implemented in a wireless technology such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, evolved UTRA (E-UTRA).
- UTRA is part of a universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS).
- 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) is a part of evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA, and employs OFDMA in downlink and SC-FDMA in uplink.
- LTE-A (advanced) is the evolution of 3GPP LTE.
- Embodiments of the present invention may be supported by standard documents disclosed in at least one of the wireless access systems IEEE 802, 3GPP and 3GPP2. That is, steps or parts which are not described to clearly reveal the technical spirit of the present invention among the embodiments of the present invention may be supported by the above documents. In addition, all terms disclosed in the present document can be described by the above standard document.
- UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
- GSM Global System for Mobile Communication
- Evolved Packet System A network system consisting of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), which is a packet switched core network based on Internet Protocol (IP), and an access network such as LTE and UTRAN.
- EPC Evolved Packet Core
- IP Internet Protocol
- UMTS is an evolutionary network.
- NodeB base station of UMTS network. It is installed outdoors and its coverage is macro cell size.
- eNodeB base station of EPS network. It is installed outdoors and its coverage is macro cell size.
- a terminal may be referred to in terms of terminal, mobile equipment (ME), mobile station (MS), and the like.
- the terminal may be a portable device such as a laptop, a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a multimedia device, or the like, or may be a non-portable device such as a personal computer (PC) or a vehicle-mounted device.
- the term "terminal” or “terminal” in the MTC related content may refer to an MTC terminal.
- IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem
- IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity
- Machine Type Communication Communication performed by a machine without human intervention. It may also be referred to as M2M (Machine to Machine) communication.
- MTC terminal MTC UE or MTC device or MTC device: a terminal (eg, vending machine, etc.) having a function of communicating via a mobile communication network (for example, communicating with an MTC server via a PLMN) and performing an MTC function; Meter reading, etc.).
- MTC UE or MTC device or MTC device a terminal having a function of communicating via a mobile communication network (for example, communicating with an MTC server via a PLMN) and performing an MTC function; Meter reading, etc.).
- MTC server A server on a network that manages an MTC terminal. It may exist inside or outside the mobile communication network. It may have an interface that an MTC user can access. In addition, the MTC server may provide MTC related services to other servers (Services Capability Server (SCS)), or the MTC server may be an MTC application server.
- SCS Services Capability Server
- MTC mobile broadband
- services e.g., remote meter reading, volume movement tracking, weather sensors, etc.
- (MTC) application server a server on a network where (MTC) applications run
- MTC feature A function of a network to support an MTC application.
- MTC monitoring is a feature for preparing for loss of equipment in an MTC application such as a remote meter reading
- low mobility is a feature for an MTC application for an MTC terminal such as a vending machine.
- the MTC user uses a service provided by the MTC server.
- MTC subscriber An entity having a connection relationship with a network operator and providing a service to one or more MTC terminals.
- MTC group A group of MTC terminals that share at least one MTC feature and belongs to an MTC subscriber.
- SCS Services Capability Server
- MTC-IWF MTC InterWorking Function
- HPLMN Home PLMN
- SCS provides the capability for use by one or more MTC applications.
- External Identifier An identifier used by an external entity (e.g., an SCS or application server) of a 3GPP network to point to (or identify) an MTC terminal (or a subscriber to which the MTC terminal belongs). Globally unique.
- the external identifier is composed of a domain identifier and a local identifier as follows.
- Domain Identifier An identifier for identifying a domain in a control term of a mobile communication network operator.
- One provider may use a domain identifier for each service to provide access to different services.
- Local Identifier An identifier used to infer or obtain an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI). Local identifiers must be unique within the application domain and are managed by the mobile telecommunications network operator.
- IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity
- RAN Radio Access Network: a unit including a Node B, a Radio Network Controller (RNC), and an eNodeB controlling the Node B in a 3GPP network. It exists at the terminal end and provides connection to the core network.
- RNC Radio Network Controller
- HLR Home Location Register
- HSS Home Subscriber Server
- RANAP RAN Application Part: between the RAN and the node in charge of controlling the core network (ie, Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Serving General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Supporting Node) / MSC (Mobile Switching Center) Interface.
- MME Mobility Management Entity
- GPRS General Packet Radio Service
- MSC Mobile Switching Center
- PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
- Non-Access Stratum A functional layer for transmitting and receiving signaling and traffic messages between a terminal and a core network in a UMTS and EPS protocol stack. The main function is to support the mobility of the terminal and to support the session management procedure for establishing and maintaining an IP connection between the terminal and the PDN GW.
- SEF Service Capability Exposure Function
- FIG. 1 is a diagram briefly illustrating an EPS (Evolved Packet System) to which the present invention may be applied.
- EPS Evolved Packet System
- the network structure diagram of FIG. 1 briefly reconstructs a structure of an EPS (Evolved Packet System) including an Evolved Packet Core (EPC).
- EPS Evolved Packet System
- EPC Evolved Packet Core
- EPC Evolved Packet Core
- SAE System Architecture Evolution
- SAE is a research project to determine network structure supporting mobility between various kinds of networks.
- SAE aims to provide an optimized packet-based system, for example, supporting various radio access technologies on an IP basis and providing improved data transfer capability.
- the EPC is a core network of an IP mobile communication system for a 3GPP LTE system and may support packet-based real-time and non-real-time services.
- a conventional mobile communication system i.e., a second generation or third generation mobile communication system
- the core network is divided into two distinct sub-domains of circuit-switched (CS) for voice and packet-switched (PS) for data.
- CS circuit-switched
- PS packet-switched
- the function has been implemented.
- the sub-domains of CS and PS have been unified into one IP domain.
- the EPC may include various components, and in FIG. 1, some of them correspond to a Serving Gateway (SGW) (or S-GW), PDN GW (Packet Data Network Gateway) (or PGW or P-GW), A mobility management entity (MME), a Serving General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Supporting Node (SGSN), and an enhanced Packet Data Gateway (ePDG) are shown.
- SGW Serving Gateway
- PDN GW Packet Data Network Gateway
- MME mobility management entity
- GPRS General Packet Radio Service
- SGSN Serving General Packet Radio Service
- ePDG enhanced Packet Data Gateway
- the SGW acts as a boundary point between the radio access network (RAN) and the core network, and is an element that functions to maintain a data path between the eNodeB and the PDN GW.
- the SGW serves as a local mobility anchor point. That is, packets may be routed through the SGW for mobility in the E-UTRAN (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (Evolved-UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network defined in 3GPP Release-8 or later).
- E-UTRAN Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (Evolved-UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network defined in 3GPP Release-8 or later.
- SGW also provides mobility with other 3GPP networks (RANs defined before 3GPP Release-8, such as UTRAN or GERAN (Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) / Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution (EDGE) Radio Access Network). It can also function as an anchor point.
- GSM Global System for Mobile Communication
- EDGE Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution
- the PDN GW corresponds to the termination point of the data interface towards the packet data network.
- the PDN GW may support policy enforcement features, packet filtering, charging support, and the like.
- untrusted networks such as 3GPP networks and non-3GPP networks (e.g., Interworking Wireless Local Area Networks (I-WLANs), trusted divisions such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) networks or Wimax). It can serve as an anchor point for mobility management with the network.
- I-WLANs Interworking Wireless Local Area Networks
- CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
- FIG. 1 shows that the SGW and the PDN GW are configured as separate gateways, two gateways may be implemented according to a single gateway configuration option.
- the MME is an element that performs signaling and control functions for supporting access to a network connection, allocation of network resources, tracking, paging, roaming, handover, and the like.
- the MME controls the control plane functions related to subscriber and session management.
- the MME manages a number of eNodeBs and performs signaling for the selection of a conventional gateway for handover to other 2G / 3G networks.
- the MME also performs functions such as security procedures, terminal-to-network session handling, and idle terminal location management.
- SGSN handles all packet data, such as user's mobility management and authentication to other 3GPP networks (eg GPRS networks).
- 3GPP networks eg GPRS networks.
- the ePDG acts as a secure node for untrusted non-3GPP networks (eg, I-WLAN, WiFi hotspots, etc.).
- untrusted non-3GPP networks eg, I-WLAN, WiFi hotspots, etc.
- a terminal having IP capability includes an IP service network provided by an operator (ie, an operator) via various elements in the EPC, based on 3GPP access as well as non-3GPP access.
- an operator ie, an operator
- 3GPP access based on 3GPP access as well as non-3GPP access.
- IMS IMS
- FIG. 1 illustrates various reference points (eg, S1-U, S1-MME, etc.).
- a conceptual link defining two functions existing in different functional entities of E-UTRAN and EPC is defined as a reference point.
- Table 1 below summarizes the reference points shown in FIG. 1.
- various reference points may exist according to the network structure.
- S2a and S2b correspond to non-3GPP interfaces.
- S2a is a reference point that provides the user plane with relevant control and mobility resources between trusted non-3GPP access and PDN GW.
- S2b is a reference point that provides the user plane with relevant control and mobility support between the ePDG and the PDN GW.
- E-UTRAN evolved universal terrestrial radio access network
- the E-UTRAN system is an evolution from the existing UTRAN system and may be, for example, a 3GPP LTE / LTE-A system.
- Communication networks are widely deployed to provide various communication services, such as voice (eg, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)) over IMS and packet data.
- voice eg, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
- VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol
- an E-UMTS network includes an E-UTRAN, an EPC, and one or more UEs.
- the E-UTRAN consists of eNBs providing a control plane and a user plane protocol to the UE, and the eNBs are connected through an X2 interface.
- X2 user plane interface (X2-U) is defined between eNBs.
- the X2-U interface provides non-guaranteed delivery of user plane protocol data units (PDUs).
- An X2 control plane interface (X2-CP) is defined between two neighboring eNBs.
- X2-CP performs functions such as context transfer between eNBs, control of user plane tunnel between source eNB and target eNB, delivery of handover related messages, and uplink load management.
- the eNB is connected to the terminal through a wireless interface and is connected to an evolved packet core (EPC) through the S1 interface.
- EPC evolved packet core
- the S1 user plane interface (S1-U) is defined between the eNB and the serving gateway (S-GW).
- the S1 control plane interface (S1-MME) is defined between the eNB and the mobility management entity (MME).
- the S1 interface performs an evolved packet system (EPS) bearer service management function, a non-access stratum (NAS) signaling transport function, network sharing, and MME load balancing function.
- EPS evolved packet system
- NAS non-access stratum
- the S1 interface supports a many-to-many-relation between eNB and MME / S-GW.
- MME provides NAS signaling security, access stratum (AS) security control, inter-CN inter-CN signaling to support mobility between 3GPP access networks, and performing and controlling paging retransmission.
- EWS Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System
- CMAS Commercial Mobile Alert System
- FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of an E-UTRAN and an EPC in a wireless communication system to which the present invention can be applied.
- an eNB may select a gateway (eg, MME), route to the gateway during radio resource control (RRC) activation, scheduling of a broadcast channel (BCH), and the like. Dynamic resource allocation to the UE in transmission, uplink and downlink, and may perform the function of mobility control connection in the LTE_ACTIVE state.
- the gateway is responsible for paging initiation, LTE_IDLE state management, ciphering of the user plane, System Architecture Evolution (SAE) bearer control, and NAS signaling encryption. It can perform the functions of ciphering and integrity protection.
- FIG. 4 shows a structure of a radio interface protocol between a terminal and an E-UTRAN in a wireless communication system to which the present invention can be applied.
- FIG. 4 (a) shows the radio protocol structure for the control plane and FIG. 4 (b) shows the radio protocol structure for the user plane.
- the layers of the air interface protocol between the terminal and the E-UTRAN are based on the lower three layers of the open system interconnection (OSI) standard model known in the art of communication systems. It may be divided into a first layer L1, a second layer L2, and a third layer L3.
- the air interface protocol between the UE and the E-UTRAN consists of a physical layer, a data link layer, and a network layer horizontally, and vertically stacks a protocol stack for transmitting data information. (protocol stack) It is divided into a user plane and a control plane, which is a protocol stack for transmitting control signals.
- the control plane refers to a path through which control messages used by the terminal and the network to manage a call are transmitted.
- the user plane refers to a path through which data generated at an application layer, for example, voice data or Internet packet data, is transmitted.
- an application layer for example, voice data or Internet packet data
- a physical layer which is a first layer (L1), provides an information transfer service to a higher layer by using a physical channel.
- the physical layer is connected to a medium access control (MAC) layer located at a higher level through a transport channel, and data is transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel.
- Transport channels are classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the air interface.
- data is transmitted between different physical layers through a physical channel between a physical layer of a transmitter and a physical layer of a receiver.
- the physical layer is modulated by an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme and utilizes time and frequency as radio resources.
- OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
- a physical downlink control channel is a resource allocation of a paging channel (PCH) and a downlink shared channel (DL-SCH) and uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) to the UE.
- PCH paging channel
- DL-SCH downlink shared channel
- UL-SCH uplink shared channel
- the PDCCH may carry an UL grant that informs the UE of resource allocation of uplink transmission.
- PDFICH physical control format indicator channel informs the UE of the number of OFDM symbols used for PDCCHs and is transmitted every subframe.
- a physical HARQ indicator channel (PHICH) carries a HARQ acknowledgment (ACK) / non-acknowledge (NACK) signal in response to uplink transmission.
- the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) carries uplink control information such as HARQ ACK / NACK, downlink request and channel quality indicator (CQI) for downlink transmission.
- a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) carries a UL-SCH.
- the MAC layer of the second layer provides a service to a radio link control (RLC) layer, which is a higher layer, through a logical channel.
- RLC radio link control
- the MAC layer multiplexes / demultiplexes into a transport block provided as a physical channel on a transport channel of a MAC service data unit (SDU) belonging to the logical channel and mapping between the logical channel and the transport channel.
- SDU MAC service data unit
- the RLC layer of the second layer supports reliable data transmission. Functions of the RLC layer include concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs.
- the RLC layer In order to guarantee the various quality of service (QoS) required by the radio bearer (RB), the RLC layer has a transparent mode (TM), an unacknowledged mode (UM) and an acknowledgment mode (AM). There are three modes of operation: acknowledge mode.
- AM RLC provides error correction through an automatic repeat request (ARQ). Meanwhile, when the MAC layer performs an RLC function, the RLC layer may be included as a functional block of the MAC layer.
- the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer of the second layer (L2) performs user data transmission, header compression, and ciphering functions in the user plane.
- Header compression is relatively large and large in order to allow efficient transmission of Internet protocol (IP) packets, such as IPv4 (internet protocol version 4) or IPv6 (internet protocol version 6), over a small bandwidth wireless interface. It means the function to reduce the IP packet header size that contains unnecessary control information.
- IP Internet protocol
- IPv4 Internet protocol version 4
- IPv6 Internet protocol version 6
- a radio resource control (RRC) layer located at the lowest part of the third layer L3 is defined only in the control plane.
- the RRC layer serves to control radio resources between the terminal and the network.
- the UE and the network exchange RRC messages with each other through the RRC layer.
- the RRC layer controls the logical channel, transport channel and physical channel with respect to configuration, re-configuration and release of radio bearers.
- the radio bearer means a logical path provided by the second layer (L2) for data transmission between the terminal and the network.
- Establishing a radio bearer means defining characteristics of a radio protocol layer and a channel to provide a specific service, and setting each specific parameter and operation method.
- the radio bearer may be further divided into two signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and data radio bearers (DRBs).
- SRB is used as a path for transmitting RRC messages in the control plane
- DRB is used as a path for transmitting user data in the user plane.
- a non-access stratum (NAS) layer located above the RRC layer performs functions such as session management and mobility management.
- NAS non-access stratum
- One cell constituting the base station is set to one of the bandwidth, such as 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20Mhz to provide a downlink or uplink transmission service to multiple terminals.
- Different cells may be configured to provide different bandwidths.
- a downlink transport channel for transmitting data from a network to a terminal includes a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information, a PCH for transmitting a paging message, and a DL-SCH for transmitting user traffic or control messages.
- BCH broadcast channel
- PCH for transmitting a paging message
- DL-SCH for transmitting user traffic or control messages.
- Traffic or control messages of the downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through the DL-SCH or may be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH).
- an uplink transport channel for transmitting data from a terminal to a network includes a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting an initial control message, and an UL-SCH (uplink shared) for transmitting user traffic or a control message. channel).
- RACH random access channel
- UL-SCH uplink shared
- the logical channel is on top of the transport channel and is mapped to the transport channel.
- the logical channel may be divided into a control channel for transmitting control region information and a traffic channel for delivering user region information.
- the control channel includes a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a dedicated control channel (DCCH), multicast And a control channel (MCCH: multicast control channel).
- Traffic channels include a dedicated traffic channel (DTCH) and a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).
- PCCH is a downlink channel that carries paging information and is used when the network does not know the cell to which the UE belongs.
- CCCH is used by a UE that does not have an RRC connection with the network.
- the DCCH is a point-to-point bi-directional channel used by a terminal having an RRC connection for transferring dedicated control information between the UE and the network.
- DTCH is a point-to-point channel dedicated to one terminal for transmitting user information that may exist in uplink and downlink.
- MTCH is a point-to-multipoint downlink channel for carrying traffic data from the network to the UE.
- the DCCH may be mapped to the UL-SCH
- the DTCH may be mapped to the UL-SCH
- the CCCH may be mapped to the UL-SCH.
- the BCCH may be mapped with the BCH or DL-SCH
- the PCCH may be mapped with the PCH
- the DCCH may be mapped with the DL-SCH.
- the DTCH may be mapped with the DL-SCH
- the MCCH may be mapped with the MCH
- the MTCH may be mapped with the MCH.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram exemplarily illustrating a structure of a physical channel in a wireless communication system to which the present invention can be applied.
- a physical channel transmits signaling and data through a radio resource including one or more subcarriers in a frequency domain and one or more symbols in a time domain.
- One subframe having a length of 1.0 ms is composed of a plurality of symbols.
- the specific symbol (s) of the subframe eg, the first symbol of the subframe
- the PDCCH carries information about dynamically allocated resources (eg, a resource block, a modulation and coding scheme (MCS), etc.).
- MCS modulation and coding scheme
- NG-RAN New Generation Radio Access Network
- RAN New Generation Radio Access Network
- next generation radio access network may be defined as follows.
- Evolved Packet System A network system consisting of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), which is a packet switched core network based on Internet Protocol (IP), and an access network such as LTE and UTRAN.
- EPC Evolved Packet Core
- IP Internet Protocol
- UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
- eNodeB base station of EPS network. It is installed outdoors and its coverage is macro cell size.
- IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity
- PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
- 5G system 5G system: A system consisting of a 5G access network (AN), a 5G core network, and a user equipment (UE)
- AN 5G access network
- 5G core network 5G core network
- UE user equipment
- 5G Access Network 5G Access Network
- AN New Generation Radio Access Network
- NG-RAN New Generation Radio Access Network
- 3GPP AN An access network consisting of a non-5G Access Network.
- New Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) (or RAN): A radio access network that has a common feature of being connected to 5GC and supports one or more of the following options:
- 5G Core Network A core network connected to a 5G access network.
- NF Network Function
- NF service A function exposed by the NF through a service-based interface and consumed by other authorized NF (s).
- Network Slice Logical network providing specific network capability (s) and network feature (s).
- Network Slice instance A set of NF instance (s) and required resource (s) (e.g. compute, storage and networking resources) forming a network slice to be deployed.
- Protocol Data Unit (PDU) Connectivity Service PDU: A service that provides for the exchange of PDU (s) between a UE and a data network.
- PDU Session An association between a UE providing a PDU connection service and a data network.
- the association type may be Internet Protocol (IP), Ethernet, or unstructured.
- Non-Access Stratum A functional layer for exchanging signaling and traffic messages between a terminal and a core network in an EPS and 5GS protocol stack. The main function is to support the mobility of the terminal and to support the session management procedure.
- the 5G system is an advanced technology from the 4th generation LTE mobile communication technology, and is a new radio access technology (RAT) and long-term LTE (Lvolution) through the evolution or clean-state structure of the existing mobile communication network structure.
- Term Evolution (Extended LTE) technology supports extended LTE (eLTE), non-3GPP (eg WLAN) access, and the like.
- the 5G system is defined as service-based, and the interaction between network functions (NF) in the architecture for the 5G system can be expressed in two ways as follows.
- NF network functions
- FIG. 6 Reference point representation: NF services in NFs described by a point-to-point reference point (eg N11) between two NFs (eg AMF and SMF) Represents the interoperability between them.
- Service-Based Representation (FIG. 7): Network functions (eg AMF) in the Control Plane (CP) allow other authorized network functions to access their services. This expression also includes a point-to-point reference point if necessary.
- AMF Network functions
- CP Control Plane
- FIG. 6 illustrates a 5G system architecture using a reference point representation.
- the 5G system architecture may include various components (ie, network function (NF)), and in this drawing, some of them correspond to an authentication server function (AUSF).
- Function Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Policy Control Function (PCF), Application Function (AF) ), Unified Data Management (UDM), Data Network (DN), User Plane Function (UPF), (Wireless) Access Network ((R) AN: (Radio) Access Network )
- AUSF authentication server function
- AMF Access and Mobility Management Function
- SMF Session Management Function
- PCF Policy Control Function
- AF Application Function
- UDM Unified Data Management
- DN Data Network
- UPF User Plane Function
- Wired Wired Access Network
- Each NF supports the following functions.
- AUSF stores data for authentication of the UE.
- AMF provides a function for UE-level access and mobility management and can be connected to one AMF basically per UE.
- AMF includes CN inter-node signaling for mobility between 3GPP access networks, termination of Radio Access Network (RAN) CP interface (ie, N2 interface), termination of NAS signaling (N1), NAS signaling security (NAS ciphering and integrity protection), AS security control, registration management (registration area management), connection management, idle mode UE reachability (control of paging retransmission and Mobility management controls (subscription and policy), intra-system mobility and inter-system mobility support, network slicing support, SMF selection, Lawful Intercept (AMF events and LI systems) Interface), providing delivery of session management (SM) messages between the UE and the SMF, transparent proxy for routing SM messages, access Access Authentication, access authorization including roaming authorization checks, delivery of SMS messages between the UE and SMSF, Security Anchor Function (SEA) and / or Security Context Management (SCM) ), And so on.
- RAN Radio Access Network
- N1 termination of NAS signaling
- NAS ciphering and integrity protection NAS signaling and integrity protection
- AMF Access Management Function
- the DN means, for example, an operator service, an Internet connection, or a third party service.
- the DN transmits a downlink protocol data unit (PDU) to the UPF or receives a PDU transmitted from the UE from the UPF.
- PDU downlink protocol data unit
- PCF receives the packet flow information from the application server and provides the function to determine the policy of mobility management, session management, etc.
- PCF supports a unified policy framework for controlling network behavior, providing policy rules for CP function (s) (eg, AMF, SMF, etc.) to enforce policy rules, and user data store (UDR).
- policy rules for CP function (s) (eg, AMF, SMF, etc.) to enforce policy rules, and user data store (UDR).
- UDR user data store
- the SMF provides a session management function, and when the UE has a plurality of sessions, the SMF can be managed by different SMFs for each session.
- the SMF is responsible for session management (eg, establishing, modifying, and tearing down sessions, including maintaining tunnels between UPF and AN nodes), assigning and managing UE IP addresses (optionally including authentication), and selecting UP functionality. And control, setting traffic steering to route traffic to the appropriate destination in the UPF, terminating the interface towards policy control functions, enforcing the control portion of policy and QoS, and lawful intercept ( For SM events and interfaces to the LI system), termination of the SM portion of NAS messages, downlink data notification, initiator of AN specific SM information (delivered to the AN via N2 via AMF), It supports functions such as determining the SSC mode of the session and roaming functions.
- session management eg, establishing, modifying, and tearing down sessions, including maintaining tunnels between UPF and AN nodes
- assigning and managing UE IP addresses optionally including authentication
- selecting UP functionality e.g., setting traffic steering to route traffic to the appropriate destination in the UPF, terminating the interface towards policy
- Some or all functions of an SMF may be supported within a single instance of one SMF.
- UDM stores user subscription data, policy data, etc.
- the UDM includes two parts: an application front end (FE) and a user data repository (UDR).
- FE application front end
- UDR user data repository
- the FE includes a UDM FE responsible for location management, subscription management, credential processing, and the PCF responsible for policy control.
- the UDR stores the data required for the functions provided by the UDM-FE and the policy profile required by the PCF.
- Data stored in the UDR includes user subscription data and policy data, including subscription identifiers, security credentials, access and mobility related subscription data, and session related subscription data.
- UDM-FE accesses subscription information stored in the UDR and supports features such as Authentication Credential Processing, User Identification Handling, Access Authentication, Registration / Mobility Management, Subscription Management, and SMS Management. do.
- the UPF delivers the downlink PDU received from the DN to the UE via the (R) AN and the uplink PDU received from the UE via the (R) AN to the DN.
- the UPF includes anchor points for intra / inter RAT mobility, external PDU session points of the interconnect to the Data Network, packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection and User plane part of policy rule enforcement, lawful intercept, traffic usage reporting, uplink classifier and multi-homed PDU sessions to support routing of traffic flow to data network.
- Branching point to support, QoS handling for user plane eg packet filtering, gating, uplink / downlink rate enforcement
- uplink traffic verification service data flow (SDF) : SDF mapping between service data flow and QoS flow)
- uplink and downlink transport level packet marking downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification Functions such as triggering function are supported.
- Some or all of the functions of the UPF may be supported within a single instance of one UPF.
- AF interacts with the 3GPP core network to provide services (e.g. application impact on traffic routing, access to Network Capability Exposure, and interaction with policy frameworks for policy control). It works.
- -(R) AN is a new radio that supports both evolved E-UTRA (e-UTRA) and New Radio (NR) (e.g. gNB), an evolution of the 4G radio access technology. Collectively, the access network.
- e-UTRA evolved E-UTRA
- NR New Radio
- the gNB is capable of dynamic resource allocation to the UE in radio resource management functions (ie, radio bearer control, radio admission control, connection mobility control, uplink / downlink). Dynamic allocation of resources (i.e., scheduling), IP (Internet Protocol) header compression, encryption and integrity protection of user data streams, and routing from the information provided to the UE to the AMF is not determined.
- radio resource management functions ie, radio bearer control, radio admission control, connection mobility control, uplink / downlink.
- Dynamic allocation of resources i.e., scheduling
- IP (Internet Protocol) header compression i.e., IP (Internet Protocol) header compression
- encryption and integrity protection of user data streams i.e., encryption and integrity protection of user data streams
- AMF AMF upon attachment of the UE
- routing user plane data to the UPF s
- routing control plane information to the AMF
- connection setup and teardown scheduling and transmission of paging messages
- AMF system Scheduling and transmission of broadcast information
- measurement and measurement reporting settings for mobility and scheduling and Transport level packet marking on the uplink
- session management support for network slicing, QoS flow management and mapping to data radio bearers, support for UEs in inactive mode
- NAS It supports message distribution, NAS node selection, radio access network sharing, dual connectivity, and tight interworking between NR and E-UTRA.
- the UE means user equipment.
- the user device may be referred to in terms of terminal, mobile equipment (ME), mobile station (MS), and the like.
- the user device may be a portable device such as a laptop, a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a multimedia device, or the like, or may be a non-portable device such as a personal computer (PC) or a vehicle-mounted device.
- a portable device such as a laptop, a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a multimedia device, or the like
- PC personal computer
- Unstructured Data Storage Network Function (UDSF), Structured Data Storage Network Function (SDSF), Network Exposure Function (NEF) ) And an NF Repository Function (NRF) are not shown, but all NFs shown in this figure may interoperate with UDSF, NEF, and NRF as needed.
- UDSF Unstructured Data Storage Network Function
- SDSF Structured Data Storage Network Function
- NEF Network Exposure Function
- NRF NF Repository Function
- NEF is provided by 3GPP network functions, for example, for 3rd party, internal exposure / re-exposure, application function, edge computing It provides a means to securely expose services and capabilities.
- the NEF receives information (based on the exposed capability (s) of the other network function (s)) from the other network function (s).
- the NEF may store the received information as structured data using a standardized interface to the data storage network function. The stored information is re-exposed to other network function (s) and application function (s) by the NEF and may be used for other purposes such as analysis.
- NRF supports service discovery. Receives an NF discovery request from an NF instance and provides the NF instance with information about the found NF instance. It also maintains the available NF instances and the services they support.
- -SDSF is an optional feature to support the ability to store and retrieve information as structured data by any NEF.
- -UDSF is an optional feature to support the ability to store and retrieve information as unstructured data by any NF.
- the UE may simultaneously access two (ie, local and central) data networks using multiple PDU sessions.
- two SMFs may be selected for different PDU sessions.
- each SMF may have the ability to control both the local UPF and the centralized UPF in the PDU session.
- the UE may simultaneously access two (ie local and central) data networks provided within a single PDU session.
- a conceptual link connecting NFs in a 5G system is defined as a reference point.
- the following illustrates reference points included in the 5G system architecture represented in this figure.
- N1 reference point between UE and AMF
- N2 reference point between (R) AN and AMF
- N3 reference point between (R) AN and UPF
- N6 reference point between UPF and data network
- N24 reference point between PCF in visited network and PCF in home network
- N8 reference point between UDM and AMF
- N10 reference point between UDM and SMF
- N11 reference point between AMF and SMF
- N12 reference point between AMF and AUSF
- N13 reference point between UDM and Authentication Server function (AUSF)
- N15 reference point between PCF and AMF in non-roaming scenario, reference point between PCF and AMF in visited network in roaming scenario
- N16 reference point between two SMFs (in a roaming scenario, a reference point between an SMF in a visited network and an SMF in a home network)
- N18 reference point between any NF and UDSF
- N19 reference point between NEF and SDSF
- FIG. 7 illustrates a 5G system architecture using a service-based representation.
- the service-based interface illustrated in this figure represents a set of services provided / exposed by a given NF. Service-based interfaces are used within the control plane. The following illustrates a service-based interface included in the 5G system architecture represented as this figure.
- Nnef service-based interface exposed by NEF
- Npcf service-based interface exposed by PCF
- Nnrf service-based interface exposed by NRF
- Nausf service-based interface exposed by AUSF
- An NF service is a type of ability exposed by a NF (ie, an NF service provider) to another NF (ie, an NF service consumer) via a service-based interface.
- the NF may expose one or more NF service (s). The following criteria apply to defining an NF service:
- NF services are derived from an information flow to describe end-to-end functionality.
- Control plane NF_B i.e., NF service provider
- NF_B is responsible for providing a specific NF service (performation of action and / or providing information) from another control plane Request to provide).
- NF_B responds with NF service results based on the information provided by NF_A in the request.
- the NF_B may in turn consume NF services from other NF (s).
- NF NF
- the request-response mechanism communication is performed one-to-one between two NFs (ie, consumer and supplier).
- Control plane NF_A subscribes to the NF service provided by another control plane NF_B (ie, NF service provider). Multiple control plane NF (s) may subscribe to the same control plane NF service. NF_B notifies the NF (s) of interest subscribed to this NF service of the results of this NF service.
- the subscription request from the consumer may include a notification request for notification triggered through periodic updates or certain events (eg, change in requested information, reaching a certain threshold, etc.). This mechanism also includes the case where the NF (s) (eg NF_B) implicitly subscribed to a particular notification without an explicit subscription request (eg, due to a successful registration procedure).
- FIG. 8 illustrates an NG-RAN architecture to which the present invention may be applied.
- NG-RAN New Generation Radio Access Network
- gNB NR NodeB
- eNodeB eNodeB
- gNB gNB
- eNB eNB
- the gNB (s) and eNB (s) are also connected to the 5GC using the NG interface, and more specifically to the AMF using the NG-C interface (ie, N2 reference point), which is the control plane interface between the NG-RAN and 5GC. It is connected to the UPF using the NG-U interface (ie, N3 reference point), which is a user plane interface between NG-RAN and 5GC.
- NG-C interface ie, N2 reference point
- N3 reference point a user plane interface between NG-RAN and 5GC.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a radio protocol stack to which the present invention can be applied.
- FIG. 9 (a) illustrates the air interface user plane protocol stack between the UE and gNB
- FIG. 9 (b) illustrates the air interface control plane protocol stack between the UE and gNB.
- the control plane means a path through which control messages used by the UE and the network to manage a call are transmitted.
- the user plane refers to a path through which data generated at an application layer, for example, voice data or Internet packet data, is transmitted.
- the user plane protocol stack may be divided into a first layer (Layer 1) (ie, a physical layer (PHY) layer) and a second layer (Layer 2).
- Layer 1 ie, a physical layer (PHY) layer
- Layer 2 a second layer
- the control plane protocol stack includes a first layer (ie, PHY layer), a second layer, and a third layer (ie, radio resource control radio resource control (RRC) layer). It may be divided into a non-access stratum (NAS) layer.
- a first layer ie, PHY layer
- a second layer ie, a third layer
- RRC radio resource control radio resource control
- NAS non-access stratum
- the second layer includes a medium access control (MAC) sublayer, a radio link control (RLC) sublayer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDC) sublayer, a service data adaptation protocol ( SDAP: Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) sublayer (in case of user plane).
- MAC medium access control
- RLC radio link control
- PDC packet data convergence protocol
- SDAP Service Data Adaptation Protocol
- Radio bearers are classified into two groups: a data radio bearer (DRB) for user plane data and a signaling radio bearer (SRB) for control plane data.
- DRB data radio bearer
- SRB signaling radio bearer
- the first layer provides an information transfer service to a higher layer by using a physical channel.
- the physical layer is connected to a MAC sublayer located at a higher level through a transport channel, and data is transmitted between the MAC sublayer and the PHY layer through the transport channel.
- Transport channels are classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the air interface.
- data is transmitted between different physical layers through a physical channel between a PHY layer of a transmitter and a PHY layer of a receiver.
- the MAC sublayer includes a mapping between logical channels and transport channels; Multiplexing / demultiplexing of MAC Service Data Units (SDUs) belonging to one or different logical channels to / from a transport block (TB) delivered to / from the PHY layer via the transport channel; Reporting scheduling information; Error correction through hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ); Priority handling between UEs using dynamic scheduling; Priority handling between logical channels of one UE using logical channel priority; Padding is performed.
- SDUs Service Data Units
- TB transport block
- HARQ hybrid automatic repeat request
- Each logical channel type defines what type of information is conveyed.
- Logical channels are classified into two groups: Control Channel and Traffic Channel.
- control channel is used to convey only control plane information and is as follows.
- BCCH Broadcast Control Channel
- PCCH Paging Control Channel
- CCCH Common Control Channel
- DCCH Dedicated Control Channel
- the traffic channel is used to use only user plane information:
- DTCH Dedicated Traffic Channel
- connection between a logical channel and a transport channel is as follows.
- BCCH may be mapped to BCH.
- BCCH may be mapped to the DL-SCH.
- PCCH may be mapped to PCH.
- CCCH may be mapped to the DL-SCH.
- DCCH may be mapped to DL-SCH.
- DTCH may be mapped to the DL-SCH.
- CCCH may be mapped to UL-SCH.
- DCCH may be mapped to UL-SCH.
- DTCH may be mapped to UL-SCH.
- the RLC sublayer supports three transmission modes: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledgment mode (AM).
- TM transparent mode
- UM unacknowledged mode
- AM acknowledgment mode
- the RLC configuration may be applied for each logical channel.
- TM or AM mode is used for SRB, while UM or AM mode is used for DRB.
- the RLC sublayer is passed in upper layer PDU; Sequence numbering independent of PDCP; Error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ); Segmentation and re-segmentation; Reassembly of SDUs; RLC SDU discard; RLC re-establishment is performed.
- Sequence numbering independent of PDCP Error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ); Segmentation and re-segmentation; Reassembly of SDUs; RLC SDU discard; RLC re-establishment is performed.
- PDCP sublayer for user plane includes sequence numbering; Header compression and decompression (only for Robust Header Compression (RoHC)); User data delivery; Reordering and duplicate detection (if delivery to a layer higher than PDCP is required); PDCP PDU routing (for split bearer); Retransmission of PDCP SDUs; Ciphering and deciphering; Discarding PDCP SDUs; PDCP re-establishment and data recovery for RLC AM; Perform replication of PDCP PDUs.
- Header compression and decompression only for Robust Header Compression (RoHC)
- User data delivery Reordering and duplicate detection (if delivery to a layer higher than PDCP is required)
- PDCP PDU routing for split bearer
- Retransmission of PDCP SDUs Ciphering and deciphering
- Discarding PDCP SDUs PDCP re-establishment and data recovery for RLC AM
- Perform replication of PDCP PDUs
- the PDCP sublayer for the control plane additionally includes sequence numbering; Ciphering, decryption, and integrity protection; Control plane data transfer; Replication detection; Perform replication of PDCP PDUs.
- Replication in PDCP involves sending the same PDCP PDU (s) twice. One is delivered to the original RLC entity, the second to an additional RLC entity. At this time, the original PDCP PDU and the corresponding copy are not transmitted in the same transport block.
- Two different logical channels may belong to the same MAC entity (for CA) or may belong to different MAC entities (for DC). In the former case, logical channel mapping restrictions are used to ensure that the original PDCP PDU and its copy are not transmitted in the same transport block.
- the SDAP sublayer performs i) mapping between QoS flows and data radio bearers, ii) QoS flow identifier (ID) marking in downlink and uplink packets.
- a single protocol entity of SDAP is configured for each individual PDU session.
- two SDAP entities may be configured in the case of dual connectivity (DC).
- DC dual connectivity
- the RRC sublayer is a broadcast of system information related to an access stratum (AS) and a non-access stratum (NAS); Paging initiated by 5GC or NG-RAN; Establishing, maintaining, and releasing RRC connections between the UE and the NG-RAN (in addition, modifying and releasing carrier aggregation), and additionally, dual connectivity between the E-UTRAN and the NR or within the NR.
- AS access stratum
- NAS non-access stratum
- Security functions including key management; Establishment, establishment, maintenance, and release of SRB (s) and DRB (s); Handover and context transfer; Control of UE cell selection and disaster recovery and cell selection / reselection; Mobility functionality including inter-RAT mobility; QoS management functions, UE measurement reporting and report control; Detection of radio link failures and recovery from radio link failures; NAS message delivery from NAS to UE and NAS message delivery from UE to NAS are performed.
- 5G system introduces network slicing technology that provides network resources and network functions as independent slices according to each service.
- each slice can provide network function, isolation of network resources, and independent management. Therefore, by selecting and combining network functions of the 5G system according to services, users, etc., it is possible to provide independent and more flexible services for each service and user.
- a network slice refers to a network that logically integrates an access network and a core network.
- the network slice may include one or more of the following:
- Non-3GPP InterWorking Function (N3IWF) to non-3GPP access network
- Supported functions and network function optimizations may be different for each network slice.
- Multiple network slice instances can provide the same functionality to groups of different UEs.
- One UE may be simultaneously connected to one or more network slice instances via 5G-AN.
- One UE may be serviced simultaneously by up to eight network slices.
- the AMF instance serving the UE may belong to each network slice instance serving the UE. That is, this AMF instance can be common to the network slice instances serving the UE.
- the CN portion of the network slice instance (s) serving the UE is selected by the CN.
- One PDU session belongs to only one network slice instance specific to each PLMN. Different network slice instances do not share a single PDU session.
- One PDU session belongs to one specific network slice instance per PLMN. Different slices may have slice-specific PDU sessions using the same DNN, but different network slice instances do not share one PDU session.
- S-NSSAI Single Network Slice Selection Assistance Information identifies a network slice.
- Each S-NSSAI is supplementary information used by the network to select a particular network slice instance.
- NSSAI is a set of S-NSSAI (s).
- S-NSSAI includes:
- SST Slice / Service type
- SD is optional information that complements the SST (s) for selecting a network slice instance from a plurality of potential network slice instances that comply with all of the indicated SSTs.
- the UE may be configured to configure NSSAI (Configured NSSAI) by the home PLMN (HPLMN) for each PLMN.
- Configured NSSAI is PLMN-specific, and HPLMN indicates the PLMN (s) to which each Configured NSSAI applies.
- the RAN uses the NSSAI to select an initial network slice to carry the message.
- the UE provides a requested NSSAI (NSSAI) to the network.
- NSSAI NSSAI
- the UE in the predetermined PLMN uses only S-NSSAIs belonging to the configured NSSAI of the PLMN.
- the RAN may select a default network slice.
- the subscription data includes the S-NSSAI (s) of the network slice (s) to which the UE is subscribed.
- One or more S-NSSAI (s) may be marked as a default S-NSSAI. If S-NSSAI is marked as a base, the network can serve the UE with the associated network slice, even if the UE does not send any S-NSSAI to the network within the Registration request.
- the CN informs the (R) AN by providing the entire allowed NSSAI (including one or more S-NSSAIs).
- the UE may obtain an Allowed NSSAI for this PLMN from the AMF.
- Allowed NSSAI takes precedence over Configured NSSAI for this PLMN.
- the UE uses only the S-NSSAI (s) in the Allowed NSSAI corresponding to the network slice for the procedure related to network slice selection in the serving PLMN.
- the UE For each PLMN, the UE stores the Configured NSSAI and Allowed NSSAI (if present). When the UE receives the Allowed NSSAI for the PLMN, it overrides the previously stored Allowed NSSAI for this PLMN.
- the network may change the network slice instance already selected according to local policy, mobility of the UE, change of subscription information, and the like. That is, the set of network slices of the UE can be changed at any time while the UE is registered with the network. In addition, the change of the set of network slices of the UE may be initiated by the UE under the network or under certain conditions.
- the network may change the set of allowed network slice (s) to which the UE is registered.
- the network may make this change during the registration procedure, or may inform the UE of a change in the supported network slice (s) using a procedure that may trigger the registration procedure.
- the network may provide the UE with a new Allowed NSSAI and Tracking Area list.
- the UE includes a new NSSAI and transmits the signaling according to the mobility management procedure to cause reselection of the slice instance.
- the AMF that supports it may change.
- the core network releases the PDU session for the S-NSSAI corresponding to the network slice that is no longer available through the PDU session release procedure.
- the UE uses the UE policy to determine whether existing traffic can be routed through a PDU session belonging to another slice.
- the UE For changing the set of S-NSSAI (s) used, the UE initiates a registration procedure.
- PCF provides a Network Slice Selection Policy (NSSP) to the UE.
- NSSP is used by the UE to associate the UE with the S-NSSAI and to determine the PDU session to which traffic will be routed.
- the network slice selection policy is provided for each application of the UE, and includes a rule for mapping S-NSSAI for each UE application.
- AMF selects SMF for PDU session management by using subscriber information, local operator policy, etc. together with SM-NSSAI and DNN information delivered by UE.
- the CN When a PDU session for a particular slice instance is established, the CN provides the (R) AN with the S-NSSAI corresponding to the slice instance to which this PDU session belongs, so that the RAN can access the specific functionality of the slice instance.
- PDU Packet Data Management Service
- DNN Data Network Name
- API Access Point Name
- Each PDU session supports a single PDU session type. That is, it supports the exchange of a single type of PDU requested by the UE in establishing a PDU session.
- the following PDU session types are defined. IP version 4 (IPv4: IP version4), IP version 6 (IPv6: IP version6), Ethernet, unstructured.
- IPv4 IP version 4
- IP version 6 IP version 6
- Ethernet unstructured.
- the types of PDUs exchanged between the UE and the DN are completely transparent in the 5G system.
- the PDU session is established (on UE request), modified (on UE and 5GC request), and released (on UE and 5GC request) using NAS SM signaling exchanged over N1 between the UE and SMF.
- 5GC may trigger a specific application in the UE.
- the UE receives the trigger message, the UE forwards the message to the identified application, and the identified application can establish a PDU session with a specific DNN.
- the SMF checks whether the UE request conforms to user subscription information. To this end, the SMF obtains SMF level subscription data from the UDM. This data may indicate the type of PDU session allowed per DNN:
- a UE registered with multiple accesses selects an access to establish a PDU session.
- the UE may request to move a PDU session between 3GPP and non-3GPP access.
- the decision to move a PDU session between 3GPP and non-3GPP access is made per PDU session. That is, the UE may have a PDU session using 3GPP access while another PDU session uses non-3GPP access.
- the UE provides a PDU Session Id (PDU Session Id).
- PDU Session Id PDU Session Id
- the UE may also provide PDU session type, slicing information, DNN, service and session continuity (SSC) mode.
- SSC session continuity
- the UE may establish multiple PDU sessions simultaneously with the same DN or with different DNs, via 3GPP access and / or via non-3GPP access.
- the UE may establish multiple PDU sessions with the same DN serviced by different UPF end N6.
- UEs having multiple established PDU sessions may be serviced by different SMFs.
- User plane paths of different PDU sessions (with the same or different DNNs) belonging to the same UE may be completely separated between the UPF and the AN interfacing with the DN.
- the 5G system architecture supports session and service continuity (SCC), which can meet various continuity requirements of different applications / services in the UE.
- 5G systems support different SSC modes.
- SSC mode associated with the PDU session anchor does not change while the PDU session is established.
- the network For PDU sessions to which SSC mode 1 is applied, the network maintains the continuity service provided to the UE. For PDU sessions of IP type, the IP address is maintained.
- the network may release the continuity service delivered to the UE and may also release the corresponding PDU session.
- the network may release the IP address (s) that were assigned to the UE.
- SSC mode 3 the change to the user plane is known to the UE, but the network ensures that the UE does not lose connectivity. To allow better service continuity, a connection is established through a new PDU session anchor point before the previous connection is terminated. For PDU sessions of IP type, the IP address is not maintained during anchor relocation.
- the SSC mode selection policy is used to determine the type of SSC mode associated with the application (or group of applications) of the UE.
- the operator may preset the SSC mode selection policy to the UE.
- This policy includes one or more SSC mode selection policy rules that the UE can use to determine the type of SSC mode associated with the application (or group of applications).
- this policy may include a default SSC mode selection policy rule that may be applied to all applications of the UE.
- the SMF chooses whether to accept the requested SSC mode or to modify the requested SSC mode based on subscription information and / or local settings. If the UE does not provide an SSC mode when requesting a new PDU session, the SMF selects a default SSC mode for the data network listed in the subscription information or applies a local configuration for selecting the SSC mode.
- the SMF informs the UE of the SSC mode selected for the PDU session.
- RM Registration Management
- the UE / user needs to register with the network to receive the service requiring registration. Once registered, the UE, if applicable, periodically maintains reachable (periodic registration update), or on the move (mobility registration update), or updates its capabilities or renegotiates protocol parameters. You can update your registration in the network to do so.
- the initial registration procedure includes the execution of a network access control function (ie user authentication and access authentication based on a subscription profile in the UDM).
- a network access control function ie user authentication and access authentication based on a subscription profile in the UDM.
- FIG. 10 illustrates an RM state model to which the present invention may be applied.
- FIG. 10 (a) shows the RM state model in the UE
- FIG. 10 (b) shows the RM state model in the AMF.
- two RM states are used in the UE and the AMF to reflect the registration state of the UE in the selected PLMN.
- the UE In the RM DEREGISTERED state, the UE is not registered with the network.
- the UE context in AMF does not maintain valid location or routing information for the UE and therefore the UE is not reachable by the AMF.
- some UE context may still be stored in the UE and AMF.
- the UE In the RM DEREGISTERED state, if the UE needs to receive a service requiring registration, the UE attempts to register with the selected PLMN using the initial registration procedure. Or, upon receiving a Registration Reject upon initial registration, the UE remains in the RM DEREGISTERED state. On the other hand, when receiving a Registration Accept, the UE enters the RM-REGISTERED state.
- the AMF approves the initial registration of the UE by sending a Registration Accept to the UE and enters the RM-REGISTERED state. Or, when applicable, rejects the initial registration of the UE by sending a Registration Reject to the UE.
- the UE In the RM REGISTERED state, the UE is registered with the network. In the RM-REGISTERED state, the UE may receive a service requiring registration in the network.
- the UE In the RM-REGISTERED state, if the Tracking Area Identity (TAI) of the current serving cell is not in the list of TAIs received by the UE from the network, the UE maintains registration and allows the AMF to page the UE. Performs a mobility registration update procedure. Or, to inform the network that the UE is still active, the UE performs a periodic Registration Update procedure triggered by the expiration of the periodic update timer. Or, to update its capability information or renegotiate network and protocol parameters, the UE performs a Registration Update procedure. Or, when the UE no longer needs to register with the PLMN, the UE performs a deregistration procedure and enters the RM-DEREGISTERED state.
- TAI Tracking Area Identity
- the UE may decide to deregister from the network at any time. Or, the UE enters the RM-DEREGISTERED state when receiving a Registration Reject message, a Deregistration message, or when performing a local deregistraion procedure without initiating any signaling.
- the AMF performs a deregistration procedure and enters the RM-DEREGISTERED state.
- the AMF may decide to deregister the UE at any time. Or, after the implicit deregistration timer expires, the AMF performs an implicit deregistration at any time.
- AMF enters the RM-DEREGISTERED state after implicit deregistration. Alternatively, local deregistraion is performed for the UE negotiated to perform deregistration at the end of the communication.
- AMF enters the RM-DEREGISTERED state after local deregistraion. Or, when applicable, the AMF approves or rejects a Registration Update from the UE. When the AMF rejects a Registration Update from the UE, the AMF may reject the UE registration.
- Registration area management includes the ability to assign and reassign a registration area to the UE.
- the registration area is managed by access type (ie, 3GPP access or non-3GPP access).
- the AMF allocates a set of tracking area (TA) in the TAI list to the UE.
- TA tracking area
- the AMF can consider various information (eg, mobility patterns and allowed / non-allowed areas, etc.).
- An AMF having a whole PLMN (all PLMN) as a serving area may allocate the entire PLMN as a registration area to a UE in MICO mode.
- the 5G system supports the assignment of TAI lists containing different 5G-RAT (s) in a single TAI list.
- the registration area for non-3GPP access corresponds to a unique reserved TAI value (ie, dedicated to non-3GPP access).
- TAI a unique TA for non-3GPP access to 5GC, which is referred to as N3GPP TAI.
- the AMF When generating a TAI list, the AMF includes only the TAI (s) applicable to the access to which the TAI list is sent.
- Connection Management is used to establish and release a signaling connection between the UE and the AMF.
- the CM includes the function of establishing and releasing a signaling connection between the UE and the AMF over N1.
- This signaling connection is used to enable NAS signaling exchange between the UE and the core network.
- This signaling connection includes both an AN signaling connection for the UE between the UE and the AN and an N2 connection for the UE between the AN and AMF.
- FIG. 11 illustrates a CM state model to which the present invention can be applied.
- FIG. 11A illustrates a CM state transition in a UE
- FIG. 11B illustrates a CM state transition in an AMF.
- CM-IDLE CM-CONNECTED
- CM-CONNECTED two CM states are used, CM-IDLE and CM-CONNECTED, to reflect the NAS signaling connection of the UE with the AMF.
- the UE in the CM-IDLE state is in the RM-REGISTERED state and does not have an established NAS signaling connection with the AMF over N1.
- the UE performs cell selection, cell reselection and PLMN selection.
- the UE responds to paging (if received) by performing a service request procedure, unless in MICO mode.
- a service request procedure is performed.
- the UE enters a CM-CONNECTED state.
- the transmission of the initial NAS message (Registration Request, Service Request, or Deregistration Request) initiates a transition from the CM-IDLE state to the CM-CONNECTED state.
- CM-IDLE state if the UE is not in MICO mode, when the AMF has signaling or mobile-terminated data to be sent to the UE, by sending a paging request to the UE, Perform a network triggered service request procedure triggered by. Each time an N2 connection is established between the AN and the AMF for that UE, the AMF enters the CM-CONNECTED state.
- the UE in CM-CONNECTED state has a NAS signaling connection with AMF through N1.
- the UE In the CM-CONNECTED state, whenever the AN signaling connection is released, the UE enters the CM-IDLE state.
- the AMF In the CM-CONNECTED state, whenever the N2 signaling connection and the N3 connection for the UE are released, the AMF enters the CM-IDLE state.
- the AMF may decide to release the NAS signaling connection of the UE.
- the CM state in the UE is changed to CM-IDLE.
- the CM state for the UE in AMF is changed to CM-IDLE.
- the AMF may keep the UE in CM-CONNECTED state until the UE de-registers from the core network.
- the UE in the CM-CONNECTED state may be in an RRC inactive state.
- the UE reachability is managed by the RAN using assistance information from the core network.
- UE paging is managed by the RAN.
- the RRC Inactive state is applied to the NG-RAN (ie, to NR and E-UTRA connected to the 5G CN).
- the AMF Based on the network configuration, the AMF provides assistance information to the NG-RAN in order to assist the NG-RAN in determining whether to switch the UE to the RRC Inactive state.
- the RRC Inactive assistance information includes a UE specific DRX (Discontinuous Reception) value for RAN paging during the RRC Inactive state, and a registration area provided to the UE.
- UE specific DRX Discontinuous Reception
- CN assistance information is provided to the serving NG RAN node during N2 activation (ie, during registration, service request, path switch).
- the state of the N2 and N3 reference points is not changed by the UE entering the CM-CONNECTED state involving RRC Inactive.
- the UE in the RRC Inactive state knows the RAN notification area.
- the UE When the UE is in a CM-CONNECTED state with RRC Inactive, the UE is in an uplink data pending, a mobile initiated signaling procedure (ie, periodic registration update), a response to RAN paging, or the UE is in a RAN
- the RRC connection may be resumed due to a notification to the network that the notification area is out of the notification area.
- the UE AS context is recovered from the old NG RAN node and the procedure is triggered towards the CN.
- the UE When the UE is in CM-CONNECTED state with RRC Inactive, the UE performs cell selection with GERAN / UTRAN / EPS and follows the idle mode procedure.
- the UE in the CM-CONNECTED state with RRC Inactive enters the CM-IDLE mode and follows the relevant NAS procedure in the following cases.
- NAS signaling connection management includes the ability to establish and release NAS signaling connections.
- the NAS signaling connection establishment function is provided by the UE and the AMF to establish a NAS signaling connection of the UE in CM-IDLE state.
- the UE When a UE in CM-IDLE state needs to send a NAS message, the UE initiates a service request or registration procedure to establish a signaling connection to the AMF.
- the AMF can maintain the NAS signaling connection until the UE de-registers from the network.
- the procedure of the release of the NAS signaling connection is initiated by the 5G (R) AN node or AMF.
- the UE determines that the NAS signaling connection is released. If the AMF detects that the N2 context has been released, the AMF determines that the NAS signaling connection has been released.
- Mobility restriction limits service access or mobility control of the UE in the 5G system. Mobility restriction functionality is provided by the UE, RAN and core network.
- Mobility restrictions apply only to 3GPP access, not to non-3GPP access.
- mobility restriction is performed by the UE based on the information received from the core network.
- mobility mobility is performed by the RAN and the core network.
- the core network In the CM-CONNECTED state, the core network provides the RAN with a Handover Restriction List for mobility restriction.
- Mobility restrictions include RAT restrictions, Forbidden areas, and service area restrictions as follows:
- RAT Restriction is defined as 3GPP RAT (s) in which UE's access is not allowed. The UE in the restricted RAT is not allowed to initiate any communication with the network based on the subscription information.
- Prohibited Area Within the Prohibited Area under the given RAT, the UE is not allowed the UE to initiate any communication with the network based on the subscription information.
- Service Area Restriction Defines the area where the UE may or may not initiate communication with the network as follows:
- Allowed area Within the allowed area under the given RAT, the UE is allowed to initiate communication with the network if allowed by the subscription information.
- Non-allowed area Within the non-allowed area under a given RAT, the UE is limited in service area based on subscription information. The UE and the network are not allowed to initiate session management signaling (both CM-IDLE and CM-CONNECTED states) for acquiring a service request or user service. The RM procedure of the UE is the same as in the allowed area. The UE in the disallowed area responds with a service request to paging of the core network.
- session management signaling both CM-IDLE and CM-CONNECTED states
- the core network determines the service area limitation based on the UE subscription information.
- the allowed zones can be fine-tuned by the PCF (eg, based on UE location, Permanent Equipment Identifier (PEI), network policy, etc.).
- Service area limitations may change due to, for example, subscription information, location, PEI and / or policy changes.
- the service area restriction may be updated during the registration procedure.
- the UE proceeds according to the following priorities:
- the evaluation of the RAT restriction takes precedence over the evaluation of any other mobility restriction
- the UE may indicate a preference of the MICO mode during initial registration or registration update.
- the AMF determines whether the MICO mode is allowed to the UE based on the Local setting, preference indicated by the UE, UE subscription information and network policy, or a combination thereof, and informs the UE during the registration procedure.
- the UE and the core network re-initiate or exit the MICO mode in the next registration signaling. If the MICO mode is not explicitly indicated within the registration procedure and the registration procedure is successfully completed, the UE and AMF do not use the MICO mode. That is, the UE operates as a general UE, and the network also treats the UE as a general UE.
- the AMF allocates a registration area to the UE during the registration procedure. If the AMF instructs the UE in the MICO mode, the registration area is not limited to the paging area size. If the AMF serving area is the entire PLMN, then the AMF may provide the UE with an "All PLMN" registration area. In this case, re-registration with the same PLMN due to mobility does not apply. If mobility restrictions apply to the UE in MICO mode, the AMF assigns the allowed / unallowed areas to the UE.
- the AMF If the AMF instructs the UE in the MICO mode, the AMF assumes that it is always unreachable while the UE is in CM-IDLE state. AMF rejects any request for downlink data delivery for the UE in MICO mode and CM-IDLE state. AMF also delays downlink transport, such as SMS, location services, etc. over the NAS.
- the UE in the MICO mode is accessible for mobile terminated data or signaling only when the UE is in CM-CONNECTED mode.
- the AMF may provide a Pending Data indication to the RAN node so that the UE in MICO mode can immediately deliver mobile terminated data and / or signaling when switching to CM-CONNECTED mode.
- the RAN node receives this indication, the RAN node considers this information when determining user inactivity.
- the UE in MICO mode does not need to listen to the paging during the CM-IDLE state.
- the UE may abort any AS procedure within the CM-IDLE state until the UE in MICO mode initiates the transition from CM-IDLE to CM-CONNECTED mode for one of the following reasons:
- QoS Quality of Service
- QoS is a technology for smoothly delivering various services (mail, data transmission, voice, video) to users according to their characteristics.
- the 5G QoS model supports framework-based QoS flows.
- the 5G QoS model supports both QoS flows that require Guaranteed Flow Bit Rate (GFBR) and QoS flows that do not require GFBR.
- GFBR Guaranteed Flow Bit Rate
- QoS flow is the finest granularity for QoS differentiation in a PDU session.
- QoS Flow Identifiers are used to identify QoS flows within 5G systems.
- QFI is unique within a PDU session.
- User plane traffic with the same QFI in the PDU session receives the same traffic forwarding process (eg, scheduling, admission threshold, etc.).
- QFI is carried in an encapsulation header on N3 (and N9).
- QFI can be applied to PDUs of different payload types (ie, IP packets, unstructured packets, Ethernet frames).
- QoS may mean “QoS flow”
- QoS may be interpreted to mean “QoS flow.”
- QoS flows may be controlled by the SMF upon PDU session establishment or QoS flow establishment / modification.
- SDF classification and QoS related information eg, Session-Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate (AMBR)
- AMBR Session-Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate
- the QoS flow may be 'guaranteed bit rate' or 'non-guaranteed bit rate' (GBR) depending on the QoS profile.
- the QoS profile of the QoS flow contains the following QoS parameters:
- QoS parameters may include:
- 5G QoS Indicator 5G QoS Indicator: 5QI specifies 5G QoS characteristics (i.e., control QoS forwarding handling access node-specific parameters for QoS flow, e.g. scheduling weight, admission threshold, queue management threshold, Scalar to refer to link layer protocol configuration, etc.).
- 5G QoS characteristics i.e., control QoS forwarding handling access node-specific parameters for QoS flow, e.g. scheduling weight, admission threshold, queue management threshold, Scalar to refer to link layer protocol configuration, etc.
- ARP Allocation and Retention Priority: ARP includes priority levels, pre-emption capabilities and preemption vulnerabilities. The priority level defines the relative importance of the resource request. This is used to determine if a new QoS flow can be accepted or denied if the resource is limited, and also to determine whether an existing QoS flow preempts the resource while the resource is limited.
- QoS parameters may further include:
- MFBR Maximum Flow Bit Rate
- the QoS parameters may further include: Reflective QoS Attribute (RQA).
- RQA Reflective QoS Attribute
- the 5QI value is used as the QFI of the QoS flow.
- the basic ARP is transmitted to the RAN when a PDU session is established, and a UP (User Plane) of the PDU session is activated whenever the NG-RAN is used;
- the assigned QFI is used.
- the 5QI value can be standardized, preset or unstandardized.
- the QoS profile and QFI of the QoS flow can be provided to (R) AN through N2 at the time of PDU session establishment or QoS flow establishment / change, and UP (User Plane) of PDU session is activated whenever NG-RAN is used. .
- the UE may perform marking and classification of UL user plane traffic (ie, association of UL traffic to QoS flows) based on QoS rules. These rules may be explicitly provided to the UE (when establishing a PDU session or QoS flow), preset in the UE, or implicitly derived by the UE by applying reflective QoS.
- QoS rules may include unique QoS rule identifiers within the PDU session, QFIs of associated QoS flows, one or more packet filters, and precedence values.
- the QoS rule may include QoS parameters associated with the UE. There may be one or more QoS rules associated with the same QoS flow (ie, having the same QFI).
- the default QoS rule may be the only QoS rule of a PDU session that may not include a packet filter (in this case, the highest priority value (ie, the lowest priority) should be used). If the basic QoS rule does not include a packet filter, the basic QoS rule defines the processing of packets that do not match other QoS rules in the PDU session.
- the SMF performs binding between SDFs for QoS flows according to QoS and service requirements of the SDF.
- the SMF allocates QFI for the new QoS flow and derives QoS parameters of the new QoS flow from the information provided by the PCF. If applicable, the SMF may provide the QFI with the QoS profile to the (R) AN.
- SMF classifies, bandwidths, and marks user plane traffic using SDF priority, QoS-related information, and corresponding packet marking information (ie, QFI, Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) values, and optionally reflective QoS indications for UPF). Together with the SDF template (ie, a set of packet filters associated with the SDF received from the PCF).
- DSCP Differentiated Services Code Point
- the SMF assigns unique QoS rule identifiers within the PDU session that added the QFI of the QoS flow, sets packet filter (s) for the UL portion of the SDF template, and prioritizes QoS rule for SDF priority. Setting the rank creates the QoS rule (s) for the PDU session.
- QoS rules are provided to the UE to enable classification and marking of UL user plane traffic.
- FIG. 12 illustrates classification and user plane marking, mapping of QoS flows to AN resources, for QoS flows in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- the SMF allocates a QFI for every QoS flow.
- the SMF then derives QoS parameters from the information provided by the PCF.
- the SMF provides the (R) AN with the QFI along with a QoS profile that contains the QoS parameters of the QoS flow. And, when a PDU session or QoS flow is established, the QoS parameters of the QoS flow are provided to the (R) AN as a QoS profile via N2.
- the user plane is activated whenever NG-RAN is used.
- QoS parameters may be preset in the (R) AN for non-GBR QoS flows.
- the SMF UPF together with the SDF preferences and corresponding QFIs, the SDF template (that is, a set of packet filters associated with the SDF received from the PCF).
- the SDF template that is, a set of packet filters associated with the SDF received from the PCF.
- Downlink incoming data packets are classified based on the SDF template according to the SDF preference (without additional N4 signaling initiation).
- the CN classifies user plane traffic belonging to the QoS flow through N3 (and N9) user plane marking using QFI.
- the AN binds the QoS flow to the AN resource (ie DRB for 3GPP RAN). At this time, the relationship between the QoS flow and the AN resource is not limited to 1: 1. It is up to the AN to set up the AN resources needed to map the QoS flow to the DRB so that the UE can receive QFI (and reflective QoS may be applied).
- the UPF may discard the DL data packet.
- UPF maps user plane traffic to QoS flows based on the SDF template.
- UPF performs session-AMBR enforcement and PDU counting to support charging.
- UPF can transmit PDUs of PDU session in a single tunnel between 5GC and (A) AN, and UPF can include QFI in the encapsulation header.
- the UPF performs transport level packet marking on the downlink (eg, sets a DiffServ code in an outer IP header). Transport level packet marking is based on ARP of 5QI and associated QoS flows.
- -(R) AN considers the N3 tunnel associated with the downlink packet and maps PDUs from the QoS flow to access-specific resources based on QFI and associated 5G QoS characteristics and parameters.
- the UE may create a new derived QoS rule (or may be referred to as a 'UE derived QoS rule').
- the packet filter in the Derived QoS rule may be derived from a DL packet (ie, a header of the DL packet), and the QFI of the derived QoS rule may be set according to the QFI of the DL packet.
- the SMF assigns a QoS rule identifier, adds a QFI of the QoS flow, sets the packet filter (s) in the uplink portion of the SDF template, and sets the QoS rule precedence in the SDF precedence, thereby creating a QoS rule for the PDU session.
- Generate the The SMF can provide the QoS rules to the UE so that the UE can perform classification and marking.
- QoS rules include a QoS rule identifier, a QFI of a QoS flow, one or more packet filters, and a precedence value.
- the same QFI (ie, same QoS flow) and one or more QoS rules may be associated.
- the basic QoS rule is the QoS rule of the PDU session that does not include a packet filter (in this case, the highest precedence value (ie, the lowest priority) is used). If the base QoS rule does not include a packet filter, the base QoS rule defines the processing of packets that do not match any other QoS rule in the PDU session.
- the UE performs classification and marking of uplink user plane traffic. That is, the uplink traffic is associated with the QoS flow based on the QoS rule.
- This rule may be explicitly signaled via N1 (when establishing a PDU session or establishing a QoS flow), or may be preset in the UE, or implicitly derived by the UE from the reflected QoS.
- the UE determines the QoS rules based on the priority value of the QoS rules (ie, in order of increasing precedence value) until a matching QoS rule (i.e. packet filter matches UL packet) is found. Evaluate the UL packet for a packet filter of. The UE binds the UL packet to the QoS flow using QFI in the corresponding matching QoS rule. The UE binds the QoS flow to the AN resource.
- the UE may discard the UL data packet.
- the UE may use the stored QoS rules to determine the mapping between UL user plane traffic and QoS flow.
- the UE may mark the UL PDU as a QFI of a QoS rule including a matching packet filter and transmit the UL PDU using the corresponding access specific resource for the QoS flow based on the mapping provided by the RAN.
- (R) AN transmits PDU over N3 tunnel for UPF.
- (R) AN includes the QFI in the encapsulation header of the UL PDU and selects the N3 tunnel.
- transport level packet marking may be based on ARP of 5QI and associated QoS flow.
- the UPF confirms whether the QFIs of UL PDUs are aligned with QoS rules provided to the UE or implicitly derived by the UE (eg in the case of reflective QoS).
- UPF performs session-AMBF enforcement and counts packets for charging.
- UL and DL session-AMBR should be implemented in the UPF supporting the UL classifier function.
- DL session-AMBR must be implemented separately in all UPFs terminating the N6 interface (ie, do not require interaction between UPFs).
- UL and DL session-AMBR are applied to the UPF supporting the branch point function.
- DL session-AMBR must be implemented separately in all UPFs terminating the N6 interface (ie, do not require interaction between UPFs).
- R shall enforce maximum bit rate (UE-AMBR) restriction in UL and DL for each non-GBR QoS flow.
- UE-AMBR maximum bit rate restriction
- the UE should perform the PDU session based UL rate restriction for non-GBR traffic using the session-AMBR.
- Rate limit enforcement per PDU session applies to flows that do not require a guaranteed flow bit rate.
- the MBR per SDF is mandatory for GBR QoS flows but optional for non-GBR QoS flows. MBR is implemented in the UPF.
- QoS control for unstructured PDUs is performed at the PDU session level.
- the SMF provides QF to the UPF and the UE to be applied to any packet of the PDU session.
- Reflective QoS refers to a method in which a terminal reflects a downlink QoS flow to determine an uplink QoS flow corresponding to the downlink.
- Reflective QoS may be achieved by generating derived QoS rules based on downlink traffic received at the UE.
- Reflective QoS and non-reflective QoS must be applicable at the same time.
- the UL packet can obtain the same QoS marking as the reflected DL packet.
- the UE For UEs that support the Reflective QoS feature, if the reflective QoS feature is controlled by 5GC for some traffic flows, then the UE will generate a derived QoS rule for the uplink traffic based on the received downlink traffic. Can be. Furthermore, the UE can use the derived QoS rule to determine the mapping between uplink traffic and QoS flow. Therefore, according to Reflective QoS, even though the UE does not separately receive a QoS rule for determining an uplink QoS flow from the network, the UE generates a QoS rule by itself based on the downlink QoS flow and corresponds to the uplink corresponding to the downlink. Determine the QoS flow (i.e., determine the mapping between uplink traffic and QoS flow).
- the derived QoS rule of the UE may include the following parameters:
- the (UL) packet filter may be derived based on the received DL packet, and may be used to filter / divide the UL packet / traffic to which the derived QoS rule is applied.
- the UE may apply (UL) packet filter to filter / divide the UL packet / traffic to which the derived QoS rule is applied and perform QoS marking using QFI on the filtered / divided UL packet.
- the priority value for all derived QoS rules may be set to a standardized value.
- the priority value for the derived QoS rule within the scope of the control plane activation may be set to a value signaled through the control plane.
- the UPF may reflect reflective QoS (QQ) on the encapsulation header (which may be referred to as the 'NG3 (encapsulation) header') via the N3 reference point along with the QFI to activate the reflective QoS. Indication) may be included.
- QQ reflective QoS
- Reflective QoS can be activated through the user plane and the control plane.
- the 5GC may determine whether to activate the reflective QoS through the control plane or the user plane based on the connection type and policy.
- the SMF may include (or send to UPF) QoS rules that include an indication to activate reflective QoS to reflect the user plane.
- the UPF may include the RQI in the encapsulation header of the N3 reference point. Reflective QoS activation through the user plane may be used to avoid out-of-band signaling (eg, signaling through a non-3GPP access network).
- the SMF may include the RQI in the QoS rules for sending to the UE via the N1 interface.
- the UE may generate a UE derived QoS rule.
- 5GC can also support the deactivation of reflective QoS.
- Reflective QoS support through the RAN under the control of the network The network determines the QoS to apply to the DL traffic, and the UE reflects the DL QoS to the associated UL traffic.
- the UE receives a DL packet that should apply reflective QoS, the UE creates a new implicit QoS rule.
- Such an implicit QoS rule may be referred to herein as a 'derived QoS rule'.
- the packet filter of the implicit QoS rule is derived from the header of the DL packet.
- the reflective QoS indication may or may not be signaled via C (control) -plane or inband. Priority may be higher or lower than QoS rules in which implicit rules (derived via Reflective QoS) are explicitly signaled.
- the method of indicating reflective QoS includes: i) a method of explicitly transmitting signaling, ii) an inband method of transmitting data indicating the indication of reflective QoS, and iii) a terminal without any signaling / marking. There is a way to detect this directly.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a 5G system architecture to which the present invention may be applied.
- 6 is a diagram illustrating FIG. 6 more briefly, and the description of FIG. 6 may be equally applied.
- a 5G system architecture may include various components (ie, a network function (NF)), and in this figure, some of them correspond to an application function (AF).
- NF network function
- AF application function
- DN Data Network
- UPF User Plane Function
- CPF Control Plane Function
- R Radio Access Network
- UE User Equipment
- a conceptual link connecting NFs in a 5G system is defined as a reference point.
- the following illustrates reference points included in the 5G system architecture represented in this figure.
- NG1 reference point between UE and CPF
- NG5 reference point between CPF and AF
- NG6 reference point between UPF and DN
- FIG. 14 illustrates a QoS flow mapping scheme for uplink traffic of a UE that can be applied to the present invention.
- the UE routes uplink packets to different QoS flows based on packet filters assigned to QoS rules.
- the UE first evaluates the uplink packet filter for matching among the QoS rules with the lowest evaluation priority index, and if no match is found, the packet filter in the QoS rule in increasing order of the evaluation priority index. Proceed with the evaluation. This procedure must be executed until a match is found or until a packet filter in all QoS rules is evaluated. If a match is found, the uplink data packet is sent through a QoS flow determined by the matching QoS rules. If no match is found, the uplink data packet must be sent over a QoS flow with no uplink packet filter assigned. If at least one uplink packet filter is assigned to all QoS rules, the UE should discard the uplink data packet.
- 5G does not create a bearer for QoS separately, and the UP function performs QoS marking (an operation of marking / marking QFI) on the NG3 header according to a rule transmitted from the CP function.
- QoS marking an operation of marking / marking QFI
- the terminal In the case of reflective QoS, when the UP function instructs the terminal to use reflective QoS, the terminal generates an uplink (packet) filter based on the downlink data packet (or traffic), and generates the uplink (packet).
- Uplink QoS Uplink QoS
- rules for marking uplink data packets (or traffic) with the same QoS markings as downlink data packets (or traffic) may be created using a filter. In this way, the CP function can support the uplink QoS of the terminal without directly instructing the terminal about the uplink.
- the CP function can support the uplink QoS of the UE simply by instructing to apply the reflective QoS without directly giving QoS rules to the temporarily generated data.
- the UE when using such a reflective QoS, there is a problem that the UE must create and store a derived QoS rule to support the reflective QoS.
- the number of (derived) QoS rules that a terminal must manage / store increases, the number of (derived) QoS rules that the terminal needs to check until the terminal applies the basic QoS rules increases, resulting in an increase in overhead and data processing speed of the terminal. A decrease occurs.
- the network node provides a signaling for the reflective QoS to the terminal while providing a reflective QoS usage timer value, thereby discarding the QoS rule generated by the terminal for the reflective QoS when the timer expires. Suggest ways to (discard) / delete. There are three methods for indicating the reflective QoS as will be described later. Among the methods 1 and 2, this timer concept is applicable.
- Reflective QoS may be indicated to the terminal through C-plane signaling (method 1), through inband signaling (method 2), and through a non-signaling scheme (method 3).
- Method 1 is a method in which a network node instructs Reflective QoS through C-plane signaling. That is, the CP function instructs the UE to directly use / set QoS (or QoS flow) equally between downlink (flow) and its corresponding uplink (flow) through control signaling (i.e., control QoS is controlled signaling).
- control QoS is controlled signaling
- Method 1 has a disadvantage in that a CP function does not need to directly transmit uplink filter information and QoS information (for example, QFI information) to the terminal, but the signaling message is small in size, but separate (control) signaling occurs. .
- Method 2 is a method in which a network node indicates reflective QoS through inband signaling.
- the network node may transmit an indicator indicating whether to apply reflective QoS with QoS marking to the NG3 (encapsulation) header or the radio header while transmitting data.
- the method 2 has the advantage of indicating / applying reflective QoS without additional (control) signaling, but has the disadvantage that additional information must be included in the NG3 (encapsulation) header or the radio header. Therefore, if data loss occurs due to congestion in the process of transmitting data to the terminal, the network node may also lose the indication of the reflective QoS.
- the network node does not transmit any signaling related to the reflective QoS, and the UE determines that there is no QoS information (eg, information on the QoS flow, QFI) for the uplink flow mapped to the downlink.
- Reflective QoS can be applied.
- there is no signaling overhead but there is no room for basic QoS (rules) to be applied to the uplink.
- the default QoS (rules) is applied.
- the reflective QoS is applied instead of the default QoS (rules).
- the CP function may determine how to indicate reflective QoS.
- the CP function includes information on reflective QoS capability information (eg, user plane activation capability, control plane activation capability, user plane deactivation capability, control plane deactivation capability), operator policy, and PDU session that the UE transmits. Based on the information (for example, APN / DNN, PDU type, etc.), subscription information, etc., whether to use the reflective QoS, and if so, the reflective QoS activation indication method and / or deactivation indication method may be determined.
- the CP function may determine a user plane activation / deactivation scheme (that is, a reflective QoS activation / deactivation indication scheme through the user plane) as a reflective QoS activation / deactivation method.
- the CP function may indicate to the UE whether the determined reflective QoS is used, the reflective QoS activation method and / or the reflective QoS deactivation method.
- the UE may determine whether to use / activate the reflective QoS based on the reflective QoS related information received from the CP function.
- Reflective QoS related information from the CP function may be transmitted to the terminal through a PDU session grant message, in which case the terminal may determine whether to use the reflective QoS based on the received PDU session grant message. It will be described later in detail with reference to Figure 15.
- the UE can apply reflective QoS to the (uplink) flow indicated by the signaling only when there is explicit signaling from the CP function.
- the UE monitors the header of the downlink data packet and reflects the QoS for a specific / instructed (IP / QoS / uplink) flow only when the corresponding QoS is indicated in the header. Can be applied.
- the UE reflects the QoS for uplink flows / data / traffic mapped to the received downlink flows / data / traffic regardless of whether or not the reflective QoS (indication) is indicated in the header of the downlink data packet. Can be applied.
- the UE If the UE decides not to use the reflective QoS, the UE does not need to monitor the header of the downlink data to determine whether to apply or use the reflective QoS. Can be determined.
- whether to use the control plane or the user plane may be determined by the subscriber information or the capability of the terminal. For example, in order to use the user plane activation method as the reflective QoS activation method, it is necessary to continuously monitor packets in the AS layer of the terminal to check whether there is a reflective QoS indication. Since this operation may be a burden on a simple terminal such as the Internet of Things (IoT) or a terminal that needs to operate at low power, the user plane activation method may not be determined as the reflective QoS activation method for the corresponding terminal.
- IoT Internet of Things
- the reflective QoS deactivation method may be determined differently / independently from the reflective QoS activation method. For example, reflective QoS has been activated through the user plane, but may be deactivated through the control plane.
- the terminal In order to support the deactivation scheme through the user plane, the terminal may be instructed to use the user plane deactivation scheme from the network, and then operate the timer if there is a reflective QoS instruction in the data (or in the data packet). Therefore, in the user plane deactivation scheme, the network node must explicitly transmit the reflective QoS indication to the terminal so that the terminal can operate the timer. If the reflective QoS is activated through the control plane, the terminal may not set a timer. In this case, the terminal may not perform the reflective QoS deactivation method through the user plane.
- the PDU session setup procedure for creating a PDU session may be referred to herein as a PDU session establishment procedure.
- the terminal may transmit a PDU session setup request message to the CP function.
- the PDU session setup request message may include reflective QoS capability information regarding whether the UE can perform reflective QoS.
- the CP function can check the context information of the terminal from the subscription data.
- the CP function may determine whether to use the reflective QoS and how to indicate the reflective QoS to the terminal.
- the CP function and the UP function may set up a user plane, and the reflective QoS indication method determined by the CP function in step 3 may be shared with the UP function.
- the CP function may transmit a PDU session setup complete message to the terminal as a response to the PDU session setup request message.
- the PDU session setup complete message may include information on a reflective QoS indication method.
- the network node (for example, the CP function) checks the context of the terminal in step 2, and then, reflects QoS capability information received from the terminal in step 1, session information, and / or subscription information of the terminal. Determine whether to use reflective QoS and how to indicate reflective QoS when using it.
- the CP function may inform the UP function whether to use reflective QoS for the PDU session and how to use the reflective QoS.
- the CP function may inform whether to use reflective QoS and / or reflective QoS indication.
- Method 1 Indicating reflective QoS directly to the UE through signaling
- 16 is a flowchart illustrating a reflective QoS indication method according to Method 1 of the present invention.
- the description of the above-described method 1 may be applied in the same or similar manner, and redundant descriptions are omitted.
- the UE may set up a PDU session and transmit and receive data with the network node (s) based on QoS rules received in the PDU session setup process (see FIG. 15).
- the UP function may notify the CP function that a new flow has been discovered / discovered and may request QoS for it.
- the CP function lowers the QoS (to the CP function, UE and / or AN) for the IP flow, while the UP function lowers both the DL QoS rule and the UL QoS rule for the IP flow (and / or). Only the DL QoS rule is given down to the UP function, and the UL QoS rule can give the indication of the use of Reflective QoS and UP) by viewing the reflective QoS indication and directly generating / deriving based on the DL QoS rule.
- the DL QoS rule may correspond to a rule used to filter DL data packets (or flows) to mark / apply a specific QoS and to perform QoS marking
- the UL QoS rule may be a UL to mark / apply a specific QoS. It may correspond to a rule used to filter data packets (or flows) and perform QoS marking.
- the CP function may additionally transmit a timer value regarding the time for which the reflective QoS is valid to the UP function, and the UP function may use the DL and / or UL QoS rules only until the timer expires.
- the UP function may immediately start the timer when the timer is received.
- the CP function may indicate IP flow information and timer information to which reflective QoS is to be applied through control signaling (eg, NAS signaling or AS signaling) to the UE and / or AN.
- control signaling eg, NAS signaling or AS signaling
- the UE and / or AN receiving this may immediately start a timer.
- the UP function applies QoS based on a rule (e.g., DL QoS rule and / or UL QoS rule) created through reflective QoS during the time that the reflective QoS is applied to a specific QoS flow indicated by CP function Or QoS marking).
- a rule e.g., DL QoS rule and / or UL QoS rule
- the UE receives an uplink data packet that is mapped to the downlink data packet / flow when receiving it with RQI marked (or indicated by the reflective QoS) in the downlink data packet / flow when Reflective QoS is applied.
- a derived QoS rule (based on downlink data packet / flow) for / flow (or 'uplink packet / flow') can be generated.
- the UE starts a timer related to the derived QoS rule.
- the UE applies the derived QoS rule generated by the reflective QoS rule to the uplink data packet / flows to filter / separate targets to perform QoS marking, and to filter / split uplink data packet / flows.
- QoS marking can be performed before transmission.
- the QFI used for the QoS marking for the uplink data packet / flow may be included in the derived QoS rule and may be the same as the QFI marked for the QoS for the downlink data packet / flow.
- the UE and the UP function may delete the derived QoS rule.
- Signaling for the reflective QoS as in step 3 may be transmitted / received through the flow detection process of the previous two steps.
- the UE and / or the UP function may operate based on the reflective QoS rule according to the present embodiment.
- the CP function can prevent rules (eg, DL QoS rules, UL QoS rules, and / or derived QoS rules) from being deleted / expired by issuing rules / instructions for reflective QoS again before the timer expires.
- rules eg, DL QoS rules, UL QoS rules, and / or derived QoS rules
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating a reflective QoS indication method according to the method 2 of the present invention.
- the flowchart and method 2 of FIG. 16 described above with reference to the flowchart may be applied in the same or similar manner, and redundant descriptions are omitted.
- the UE may set up a PDU session and transmit and receive data with the network node (s) based on QoS rules received in the PDU session setup process (see FIG. 15).
- the UP function may notify the CP function that a new flow has been discovered / discovered and may request QoS for it.
- the CP function is the UP function and the AN for the corresponding IP flow, QoS information (eg, indication of using Reflective QoS, QoS (or DL / UL QoS rule), IP flow information to which reflective QoS is applied, and / or timer information). ) Can be lowered.
- QoS information eg, indication of using Reflective QoS, QoS (or DL / UL QoS rule), IP flow information to which reflective QoS is applied, and / or timer information.
- the UP function may send downlink data, QoS marking (eg QFI), reflective QoS indication (eg RQI) and / or timer to the UE.
- QoS marking eg QFI
- reflective QoS indication eg RQI
- timer e.g., timer
- the UP function applies QoS to uplink data based on a rule (eg, DL QoS rule and / or UL QoS rule) created / received through reflective QoS during the time that the reflective QoS is applied to the corresponding IP flow. (Or QoS marking).
- the UP function can start the timer with the timer transmission.
- the difference between Method 1 and Method 1 is that the CP function does not directly transmit QoS information to the UE, but transmits QoS information only to the UP function and the AN. Instead, while the UP function transmits downlink data to the UE, the NG3 header may send not only QoS marking but also a marking / indication (ie, RQI) and a timer indicating the application of Reflective QoS.
- the CP function does not directly transmit QoS information to the UE, but transmits QoS information only to the UP function and the AN.
- the NG3 header may send not only QoS marking but also a marking / indication (ie, RQI) and a timer indicating the application of Reflective QoS.
- downlink data and QoS related information may be expressed as being transmitted through 'downlink data packet / flow'. This 'downlink data packet / flow' may be abbreviated as 'downlink packet'.
- the UE may create and use / apply derived QoS rules based on downlink data packets / flows.
- the UE may generate a packet filter included in the derived QoS rule based on the downlink data packet / flow, and by using the generated packet filter (for example, by comparing the packet filters with other derived QoS rules).
- the UE applies derived QoS rules for uplink data packets / flows to filter / separate targets for performing QoS marking, and performs QoS marking for filtered / split uplink data packets / flows.
- the QFI used for the QoS marking for the uplink data packet / flow may be included in the derived QoS rule and may be the same as the QFI marked for the QoS for the downlink data packet / flow.
- both the UE and the UP function may delete the rules that have been created or stored (eg, DL QoS rules, UL QoS rules, and / or derived QoS rules).
- Signaling for the reflective QoS as in step 3 may be transmitted / received through the flow detection process of the previous two steps.
- the UE and / or UP function may operate based on the reflective QoS according to the present embodiment.
- the UP function may be limited to transmitting a timer and a reflective QoS indication in the NG3 header only when transmitting the first downlink data (to which the reflective QoS is applied). Therefore, even if the UP function does not give a reflective QoS indication for subsequent generated / transmitted downlink data, the UE may continue to consider reflective QoS applied (for incoming downlink packets) if the timer expires. have.
- the UP function may reset and start a new timer based on the reflective QoS indication. In this way, the UP function can increase the time that reflective QoS is used / applied.
- Method 2 there may be a method of including a reflective QoS indication every time the UP function transmits downlink data in step 4 without using a timer. That is, whenever a reflective QoS indication is received, the UE may generate a reflective QoS rule (in this embodiment, a derived QoS rule) to perform QoS marking on uplink data. In this case, if the downlink data indicating the reflective QoS indication is not received for a predetermined time, the timer expires, and the UE may delete / remove the rule.
- a reflective QoS rule in this embodiment, a derived QoS rule
- the header size increases when the timer value is large.
- the reflective QoS can be applied without additional (control) signaling. There is.
- the number of bits for the timer value can be determined by defining candidate timers to be used in the process of creating a PDU session and sending an index for a specific timer selected from candidate timers. Can be reduced.
- the problem that the header size increases as the timer value increases can be solved. Table 2 below illustrates timer values for reflective QoS exchanged during a PDU session (setup).
- the timer information to be used for the reflective QoS may be negotiated in advance to apply the reflective QoS without signaling / exchanging additional timer information.
- the timer information is not transmitted separately, but a different value may not be used for each rule (eg, derived QoS rule).
- the method used in the method 1/2 may be used.
- the UE uses the timer value determined / negotiated in the process of creating a PDU session, and when timer information for reflective QoS is transmitted together, the UE The timer value indicated by the received timer information may be used.
- Reflective QoS can be controlled on a packet-by-packet basis using the RQI in the encapsulation header of the N3 reference point along with the QFI and reflective QoS timer (RQ timer) values.
- the reflective QoS timer value may be signaled to the UE at the time of establishing a PDU session or set as a default value.
- (R) AN When an RQI is received by (R) AN in a DL packet on an N3 reference point, (R) AN indicates to the UE that the packet is subject to QFI and that DL packet subject to reflective QoS (i.e., reflective QoS is applied). Packet).
- the UE If there is no derived QoS rule with a packet filter corresponding to the DL packet (i.e., the same derived QoS rule is not already stored), the UE has a new derived QoS with a packet filter corresponding to the DL packet. You can create a rule and start a timer (set to an RQ timer value) for the newly created derived QoS rule.
- the UE may restart the timer associated with the previously stored derived QoS rule.
- the UE may delete the derived QoS rule corresponding thereto.
- Reflective QoS to which the above timer is applied may be controlled as follows by a user plane or a control plane according to an embodiment.
- Reflective QoS can be controlled by the user plane on a packet-by-packet basis by using RQI in the encapsulation header on the N3 reference point with QFI and reflective QoS timers (RQ timers).
- the RQ timer corresponds to the timer described above and may be signaled to the UE or set to a default value when establishing a PDU session.
- the SMF may include an indication in the corresponding SDF information provided to the UPF via the N4 interface.
- the UPF may set the RQI bit in the encapsulation header on the N3 reference point.
- the UE may generate a UE derived QoS rule (ie, a 'derived QoS rule') and set the timer to an RQ timer value. If a UE derived QoS rule with the same packet filter already exists, the UE can restart the timer corresponding to the UE derived QoS rule.
- Reflective QoS activation through the user plane may be used to avoid out-of-band signaling (eg, signaling through a non-3GPP access network).
- the reflective QoS may be controlled by the control plane on a per-QoS flow basis.
- the UE may be provided with a reflective QoS timer (RQ timer) specified for the QoS flow.
- the SMF may include the RQA in the QoS flow parameters sent to the UE via the N1 interface.
- the UE may generate a UE derived QoS rule and start a timer set to the RQ timer value. If a UE derived QoS rule with the same packet filter already exists, the UE can restart the timer corresponding to the UE derived QoS rule.
- the UE may delete / remove the UE derived QoS rule.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating a method for recovering when reflective QoS related information is lost while applying Method 2.
- FIG. 17 The description of the flowchart of FIG. 17 may be applied in the same or similar manner with respect to the flowchart, and overlapping description will be omitted. In particular, since steps 1 to 3 of the flowchart are the same as steps 1 to 3 of FIG. 17, redundant descriptions are omitted.
- the UP function transmits data by including a reflective QoS indication and a timer in the NG3 header, but data may be lost due to data congestion in the AN. Thereafter, the UP function determines that reflective QoS related information (eg, QoS marking (eg, QFI), reflective QoS indication (eg, RQI), and / or timer) has all been successfully delivered. You can transfer data except for relevant information.
- reflective QoS related information eg, QoS marking (eg, QFI), reflective QoS indication (eg, RQI), and / or timer
- the UE may not receive an indication for reflective QoS and thus may not be able to generate / apply derived QoS rules. Instead, the UE may perform basic QoS marking (applied basic QoS rules) on the uplink data mapped with the received downlink data.
- the UP function may detect the QoS marking of uplink data transmitted from the UE and recognize that it does not match the reflective QoS (ie, QoS marking) that it has.
- the UP function may inform this to the CP function, and the CP function may instruct that the UP function to instruct reflective QoS to the UE again after recognizing that the QoS has been instructed to the UE according to the QoS rules that it has.
- the UP function may transmit reflective QoS related information along with the downlink data when downlink data generated again mapped to the reflective QoS (that is, the reflective QoS is applied) is generated according to the command of the CP function.
- the UP function may transmit the remaining time of the timer started at the time of transmitting the timer to the UE, or may restart the timer by resetting it to a timer received from the CP and transmitting it to the UE.
- the terminal may receive the reflective QoS related information, create a reflective QoS rule (ie, derived QoS rule), and apply the same to transmit (QoS marked) uplink data.
- a reflective QoS rule ie, derived QoS rule
- the network may issue (indicate) explicit QoS rules to the terminal through control plane signaling (or instruct) or reflect (refer to) reflective QoS rules (or reflective QoS related information).
- packet marking may be reset or omitted, and down. If there is no downlink packet that can be transmitted, this operation cannot be performed. Even in this case, the network may delete / remove the reflective QoS rule (or derived QoS rule) via control plane signaling.
- the network may supplement through control plane signaling (eg, method 1) when inband signaling is not used.
- control plane signaling eg, method 1
- the network may selectively apply the inband signaling scheme or the control plane signaling scheme depending on the situation (complementarily).
- the new wireless communication system (eg 5G) supports reflective QoS over the RAN under network control.
- the network determines the QoS to apply to the DL traffic, and the UE can reflect the DL QoS to the associated UL traffic.
- the UE may generate a new implicit QoS rule (or derived QoS rule) based on the DL packet.
- the packet filter of the implicit QoS rule may be derived from the header of the DL packet.
- Reflective QoS indication may be signaled via the C-plane (ie, control signaling) (method 1), signaled via inband (method 2), or not signaled at all (method 3).
- control signaling it may increase signaling without conforming to the purpose / principle of reflective QoS that signaling should be minimized.
- Inband signaling is a good solution for reflective QoS because it does not introduce new signaling.
- the presence of the downlink flow means that the reflective QoS is used for all uplink flows corresponding to the downlink flow.
- uplink QoS and downlink QoS may always be the same unless explicit QoS rules are provided.
- both an inband signaling scheme and a non-signaling scheme may be used.
- the signaling method may be determined by the network during the PDU session establishment / setup procedure. For example, if the UE is attached via 3GPP access, the network may use inband signaling for reflective QoS. If the UE is attached via non-3GPP access, the network may not use any signaling for reflective QoS.
- a new wireless communication system supports reflective QoS over RAN under network control.
- the network determines the QoS to apply to the DL traffic, and the UE can reflect the DL QoS to the associated UL traffic.
- the UE may generate a new implicit QoS rule (eg, derived QoS rule) based on the DL packet.
- the packet filter of the implicit QoS rule may be derived from the header of the DL packet.
- Reflective QoS indication may or may not be signaled via inband depending on the indication of the network.
- the indication method may be determined by the network during the PDU session establishment / setup procedure.
- U-plane marking for QoS can be carried in the encapsulation header on NG3 (without changing e2e packet header).
- Basic QoS rules and pre-authorized QoS rules may be provided to the UE at PDU session establishment / setup.
- QoS rules may be provided to the RAN upon PDU session establishment / setup using NG2 signaling (eg, depending on access capability).
- QoS flow over C-plane-specific QoS signaling may be required for GBR SDF.
- QoS-related NG2 signaling (other than PDU session establishment / setup) corresponding to approved QoS rules for initialization, modification or termination of SDF without GBR requirements shall be minimized.
- QoS-related NG1 signaling (other than PDU session establishment / setup) corresponding to approved QoS rules for the initialization, modification or termination of SDF without GBR requirements shall be minimized.
- CN_UP is a trusted execution point in the network and can handle all traffic of the PDU session.
- AN may enforce rate restriction in UL per UE.
- the QoS flow may be the best granularity for QoS processing in the NG system.
- (R) AN may bind QoS flows to access-specific resources based on corresponding QoS characteristics provided via NG3 marking and NG2 signaling. Packet filters are not used for binding between access-specific resources and QoS flows in (R) AN.
- the UE may be based on information and / or (derived) QoS rules (explicitly signaled or implicitly derived by reflective QoS) for binding between access-specific resources and uplink packets explicitly provided by the access network.
- QoS rules explicitly signaled or implicitly derived by reflective QoS
- uplink packets can be bound with access-specific resources.
- Some user plane markings may be scalar values with standardized QoS features.
- Some user plane marking may be scalar values indicating dynamic QoS parameters signaled via NG2.
- Dynamic QoS parameters may include:
- the validity period of the derived QoS rule generated through the reflective QoS indication needs to be defined. If the Derived QoS rule is valid while the PDU session is valid (or during the lifetime of the PDU session), there are too many derived QoS rules in the UE, which can be a burden on the UE. Therefore, the following two methods can be proposed to remove unnecessary derived QoS rules.
- the timer value may be determined during the PDU session setup / establishment process.
- derived QoS through the reflective QoS indication may have a validity timer determined during the PDU session setup / establishment procedure.
- the network cannot apply the signaled QoS rule to the same flow until the timer of the derived QoS rule expires. However, this is undesirable because the network must be able to update the QoS rules at any time.
- the signaled QoS rule has the highest priority, and the basic QoS rule has the lowest priority. That is, the derived QoS rule through the reflective QoS indication has a lower priority than the signaled QoS rule, but may have a higher priority when compared with the basic QoS rule.
- the new wireless communication system (eg 5G) supports reflective QoS over the RAN under network control.
- the network determines the QoS to apply to the DL traffic, and the UE can reflect the DL QoS to the associated UL traffic.
- the UE may generate a new derived QoS rule based on the DL packet.
- the packet filter of the derived QoS rule may be derived from a DL packet (ie, a header of the DL packet).
- the UL packet can be QoS processed the same as the reflected DL packet (ie, have the same QFI, or are QoS marked).
- Inband signaling may be used for reflective QoS indication.
- the derived QoS rules via the reflective QoS indication may have a validity timer determined during the PDU session setup procedure.
- the signaled QoS rule may have the highest priority.
- Derived QoS rules through reflective QoS indications have a lower priority than signaled QoS rules, but may have a higher priority than basic QoS rules.
- Reflective QoS can be used for non-GBR service data flows.
- U-plane marking for QoS can be carried in the encapsulation header on NG3 (without changing e2e packet header).
- Basic QoS rules and pre-authorized QoS rules may be provided to the UE at PDU session establishment / setup.
- Approved QoS rules correspond to all QoS rules provided at PDU session establishment / setup and are different from the basic QoS rules.
- the NAS-level QoS profile of the QoS rules provided in the PDU session setup for the UE should also be provided to the RAN using NG2 signaling in establishing the PDU session.
- QoS rules may be provided to the NG AN upon PDU session establishment / setup using NG2 signaling based on non-3GPP access (eg, depending on access performance).
- QoS rules may include NAS-level QoS profiles (type A or B), packet filters and / or priority values.
- Signaled QoS rules may be provided via NG1 signaling to UEs connected via the NG RAN based on 3GPP access. In this case, it may be assumed that a UE accessing a NextGen CN through non-3GPP access uses 3GPP NAS signals.
- GBR SDF can be supported in NextGen system, and GRB SDF may require QoS flow-specific QoS signaling through C-plane.
- QoS-related NG2 signaling (other than PDU session establishment / setup) corresponding to approved QoS rules for initialization, modification or termination of SDF without GBR requirements shall be minimized.
- QoS-related NG1 signaling (other than PDU session establishment / setup) corresponding to approved QoS rules for the initialization, modification or termination of SDF without GBR requirements shall be minimized.
- the maximum bit rate limit of UL and Service Data Flow (SDF) per DL should be performed in CN_UP, which corresponds to a reliable performance point in the network.
- Rate limit enforcement per PDU session may be applied to flows that do not require a guaranteed flow bit rate.
- the maximum bit rate (MBR) limit of UL and DL per PDU session may be applied to CN_UP.
- MBR maximum bit rate
- the PDU session MBR may be applied to each UPF terminating the NG6 interface. This can be done for each UPF.
- AMBR by DN name may not be supported.
- the AN shall enforce the maximum bit rate limit per UE in UL and DL for flows that do not require a guaranteed flow bit rate.
- the QoS flow may be the best granularity for QoS processing in the NG system.
- User plane traffic with the same NG3 marking value in the PUD session corresponds to the QoS flow.
- (R) AN may bind QoS flows to access-specific resources based on corresponding QoS features provided through NG3 marking and NG2 signaling in consideration of NG3 tunnels associated with downlink packets. Packet filters are not used to bind QoS flows with access-specific resources in (R) AN.
- the RAN may determine the NG3 QoS marking and select the NG3 tunnel based on the information received from the access stratum.
- the UE matches uplink packets with QoS rules and matches uplink packets with QoS rules (either A- or B-) of the QoS rules (either explicitly signaled or implicitly derived through reflective QoS). Type).
- the AS may also direct a NAS-level QoS profile (via corresponding QoS marking) to the higher layer instance.
- a packet filter including DSCP marking in the QoS rules provided by CN_CP may be used for binding with a particular QoS marking.
- the RAN determines that there is a flexible mapping (eg other than one-to-one) between the NAS-level QoS profile and the AS-level QoS, this mapping is transparent to the higher layers and does not affect the NG3 marking. .
- the access stratum is assumed to comply with the QoS characteristics associated with the NAS-level QoS profile.
- Some user plane QoS marking is a scalar value with standardized QoS characteristics (called an A-type QoS profile).
- Some user plane QoS marking is a scalar value indicating dynamic QoS parameters signaled via NG2 (called a B-type QoS profile).
- the QoS marking value indicates the type (A- or B-type) of the associated QoS profile.
- QoS parameters may include:
- Parameters c, d and e apply to 11. and 12. Parameters a, b and f apply only to 12.
- the QoS framework does not assume the necessity of NG3 tunnels per QoS flow.
- the UE may send UL traffic without any additional NG1 signaling.
- UE-triggered QoS establishment for guaranteed bit rate QoS flows is based on explicit UE-requested QoS over NG1.
- the first solution is to use implicit deactivation without any signaling or pre-configuration (ie, leave it as the implementation of the UE and 5G-CN).
- the deactivation process does not need to be standardized separately.
- the 5G CN and the UE need to have the same QoS rules.
- implicit deactivation cannot be used because it does not guarantee synchronized QoS rules between the 5G CN and the UE.
- the second solution is to use explicit signaling to deactivate derived QoS rules. If reflective QoS is activated via control plane signaling, this solution may be used. However, when reflective QoS is enabled through user plane marking, this solution is inappropriate because avoiding out-of-band signaling is a key point of user plane activity.
- the third solution is similar to that supported by EPS.
- EPS the UE reflective QoS procedure may be deleted as follows (TS 24.139).
- the UE may generate a table when managing transmission and reception of the corresponding packet, and manage the updated time stamp.
- the length of time an entry is maintained depends on the UE implementation.
- the network may start a timer with a predetermined value determined during PDU session establishment.
- the UE may also start (or restart / reset) the same timer upon receiving the reflective QoS indication.
- the timer expires, the derived QoS rule may be deactivated.
- the UPF may start a preset deactivation timer during PDU session establishment. Each time the UPF indicates reflective QoS, the UPF may reset the timer. When receiving the Reflective QoS indication, the UE may also start the deactivation timer and reset the timer whenever receiving the reflective QoS indication. Derived QoS rules are deactivated when the timer expires.
- the 5GC supports reflective QoS deactivation. Reflective QoS can be disabled through the user and control planes. The 5GC may determine whether to deactivate the reflective QoS function via the control plane or the user plane based on the policy and access type.
- the SMF may inform the UE of the deactivation timer value.
- the SMF may be set to start an inactivity timer when the UPF indicates reflective QoS.
- the UE may also start the deactivation timer whenever receiving a reflective QoS indication.
- the UPF may reset the (corresponding) timer each time the RQI is included in the encapsulation header on the N3 reference point.
- the UE may reset the (corresponding) timer each time it receives a reflective QoS indication.
- the SMF may send a QoS rule with a user plane reflective QoS deactivation indication to the UPF.
- the UPF may stop indicating the RQI in the encapsulation header when there is a downlink packet corresponding to the reflective QoS.
- the UE does not reset the associated deactivation timer when it receives a packet without RQI.
- the UE and the UPF may remove the derived QoS rule when the deactivation timer expires.
- the SMF explicitly sends a deactivation request (eg, sends an updated QoS rule or sends a reflective QoS rule removal command) to the UE and UPF. Can transmit If the SMF has updated the QoS rules, the UE and UPF may remove the derived QoS rules generated by the updated QoS rules.
- a deactivation request eg, sends an updated QoS rule or sends a reflective QoS rule removal command
- FIGS. 15 to 18 are flowchart illustrating a reflective QoS procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the above descriptions with respect to FIGS. 15 to 18 may be applied in the same or similar manner, and redundant descriptions are omitted.
- the UE may receive a downlink packet from the network (S1910).
- the downlink packet at this time may correspond to a packet indicated to apply the reflective QoS.
- the downlink packet may correspond to a packet instructed to apply reflective QoS by the reflective QoS indicator.
- the network may correspond to an AN receiving the QoS marking and the reflective QoS indication indicating the application of the reflective QoS of the downlink packet through an encapsulation header on the N3 reference point from the user plane function.
- the UE may derive a QoS rule based on the downlink packet (S1920). More specifically, the UE may check whether the QoS rule associated with the downlink packet exists, and if the QoS rule associated with the downlink packet does not exist, derive the QoS rule based on the downlink packet, You can start If there is an existing QoS rule associated with the downlink packet, steps S1930 and S1940 may be performed.
- the UE may transmit to the network by applying the QoS marking of the downlink packet to the uplink packet using the QoS rule (newly created or existing) (S1930).
- the UE may filter the uplink packet matching the packet filter included in the QoS rule by evaluating the plurality of uplink packets in order of priority value.
- the UE may apply the QoS marking included in the QoS rule to the filtered uplink packet and transmit the same to the network.
- applying the QoS marking may mean marking the QFI (or binding with a specific QoS flow), and the QoS marking may correspond to the identifier of the QoS flow of the downlink packet (or QoS rule).
- the UE may restart the timer (S1940). If the downlink packet is received after the timer expires, the UE may newly start the corresponding timer. If the timer expires, the UE may delete the derived QoS rule. The value of the timer may be determined in advance in the PDU session establishment procedure of the UE.
- QoS rules may be used to determine the mapping relationship between uplink packets and QoS flows.
- the QoS rule may include a packet filter derived from a downlink packet (particularly, a header of the downlink packet), a QoS value of the downlink packet, and a priority value used to determine an evaluation order of the uplink packet.
- QoS rules derived according to such reflective QoS performance may have a lower priority than explicitly signaled QoS rules.
- the application of such reflective QoS can be deactivated through the user plane or the control plane.
- FIG. 20 illustrates a block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a wireless communication system includes a network node 2010 and a plurality of terminals (UEs) 2020.
- the apparatus shown in this figure may be implemented to perform at least one of the network / terminal functions described above, or may be implemented to integrate one or more functions.
- the network node 2010 includes a processor 2011, a memory 2012, and a communication module 2013.
- the processor 2011 implements at least one function, process, method, and / or function, process, and / or method proposed in this document.
- the processor 2011 may store a module, a program, and the like for implementing the functions, processes, and / or methods proposed herein, and may be executed by the processor 2011.
- Layers of the wired / wireless interface protocol may be implemented by the processor 2011.
- the processor 2011 may be implemented so that the matters described in various embodiments proposed in this document may be independently applied or two or more embodiments may be simultaneously applied.
- the memory 2012 is connected to the processor 2011 and stores various information for driving the processor 2011.
- the memory 2012 may be inside or outside the processor 2011 and may be connected to the processor 2011 by various well-known means.
- the communication module 2013 is connected to the processor 2011 and transmits and / or receives a wired / wireless signal.
- network nodes 2010 include base stations, MME, HSS, SGW, PGW, SCEF, SCS / AS, AUSF, AMF, PCF, SMF, UDM, UPF, AF, (R) AN, UE, NEF, NRF, UDSF and / or SDSF and the like may be present.
- the communication module 2013 may include a radio frequency unit (RF) unit for transmitting / receiving a radio signal. Can be.
- the network node 2010 may have a single antenna or multiple antennas.
- the terminal 2020 includes a processor 2021, a memory 2022, and a communication module (or RF unit) 2023.
- the processor 2021 implements at least one function, process, method, and / or function, process, and / or method proposed in this document.
- the processor 2021 may store a module, a program, and the like for implementing the functions, processes, and / or methods proposed in this document, and may be executed by the processor 2021.
- Layers of the wired / wireless interface protocol may be implemented by the processor 2021.
- the processor 2021 may be implemented so that the matters described in various embodiments proposed in this document may be independently applied or two or more embodiments may be simultaneously applied.
- the memory 2022 is connected to the processor 2021 and stores various information for driving the processor 2021.
- the memory 2022 may be inside or outside the processor 2021 and may be connected to the processor 2021 by various well-known means.
- the communication module 2023 is connected to the processor 2021 and transmits and / or receives a wired / wireless signal.
- the memories 2012 and 2022 may be inside or outside the processors 2011 and 2021, and may be connected to the processors 2011 and 2021 by various well-known means.
- the network node 2010 (when the base station) and / or the terminal 2020 may have a single antenna or multiple antennas.
- FIG. 21 illustrates a block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating the terminal of FIG. 20 in more detail.
- a terminal may include a processor (or a digital signal processor (DSP) 2110, an RF module (or RF unit) 2135, and a power management module 2105). ), Antenna 2140, battery 2155, display 2115, keypad 2120, memory 2130, SIM card Subscriber Identification Module card) 2125 (this configuration is optional), a speaker 2145, and a microphone 2150.
- the terminal may also include a single antenna or multiple antennas. Can be.
- the processor 2110 implements the functions, processes, and / or methods proposed in FIGS. 1 to 20.
- the layer of the air interface protocol may be implemented by the processor 2110.
- the memory 2130 is connected to the processor 2110 and stores information related to the operation of the processor 2110.
- the memory 2130 may be inside or outside the processor 2110 and may be connected to the processor 2110 by various well-known means.
- the user enters command information such as a telephone number, for example, by pressing (or touching) a button on the keypad 2120 or by voice activation using the microphone 2150.
- the processor 2110 receives the command information, processes the telephone number, and performs a proper function. Operational data may be extracted from the SIM card 2125 or the memory 2130. In addition, the processor 2110 may display command information or driving information on the display 2115 for the user to recognize and for convenience.
- the RF module 2135 is connected to the processor 2110 to transmit and / or receive an RF signal.
- the processor 2110 passes command information to the RF module 2135 to transmit, for example, a radio signal constituting voice communication data to initiate communication.
- the RF module 2135 consists of a receiver and a transmitter for receiving and transmitting a radio signal.
- the antenna 2140 functions to transmit and receive radio signals.
- the RF module 2135 may forward the signal and convert the signal to baseband for processing by the processor 2110.
- the processed signal may be converted into audible or readable information output through the speaker 2145.
- each component or feature is to be considered optional unless stated otherwise.
- Each component or feature may be embodied in a form that is not combined with other components or features. It is also possible to combine some of the components and / or features to form an embodiment of the invention.
- the order of the operations described in the embodiments of the present invention may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment. It is obvious that the claims may be combined to form an embodiment by combining claims that do not have an explicit citation relationship in the claims or as new claims by post-application correction.
- Embodiments according to the present invention may be implemented by various means, for example, hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.
- an embodiment of the present invention may include one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), FPGAs ( field programmable gate arrays), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, and the like.
- ASICs application specific integrated circuits
- DSPs digital signal processors
- DSPDs digital signal processing devices
- PLDs programmable logic devices
- FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
- processors controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, and the like.
- an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented in the form of a module, procedure, function, etc. that performs the functions or operations described above.
- the software code may be stored in memory and driven by the processor.
- the memory may be located inside or outside the processor, and may exchange data with the processor by various known means.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
- 무선 통신 시스템에서 UE(User Equipment)의 반영형(reflective) QoS(Quality of Service) 수행 방법에 있어서,네트워크로부터 하향링크 패킷을 수신하는 단계; 로서, 상기 하향링크 패킷은 상기 reflective QoS의 적용이 지시된 패킷임,상기 하향링크 패킷을 기초로 QoS 규칙을 도출하는 단계;상기 QoS 규칙을 이용하여 상향링크 패킷에 상기 하향링크 패킷의 QoS 마킹을 적용하여 상기 네트워크로 전송하는 단계; 및상기 QoS 규칙과 연계된 타이머 만료 전 상기 하향링크 패킷을 수신한 경우, 상기 타이머를 재시작하는 단계; 를 포함하는, reflective QoS 수행 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 타이머가 만료된 경우, 상기 QoS 규칙을 삭제하는 단계; 를 더 포함하는, reflective QoS 수행 방법.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,상기 타이머 만료 후 상기 하향링크 패킷을 수신한 경우, 상기 타이머를 시작하는 단계; 를 더 포함하는, reflective QoS 수행 방법.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,상기 타이머의 값은 상기 UE의 PDU(protocol data unit) 세션 확립(establish) 절차에서 사전에 결정되는, reflective QoS 수행 방법.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,상기 네트워크가 AN(Access Network)인 경우,상기 AN은 사용자 평면 기능으로부터 N3 참조 포인트 상의 캡슐화(encapsulation) 헤더를 통해 상기 하향링크 패킷의 reflective QoS 적용을 지시하는 reflective QoS 지시(indication) 및 상기 QoS 마킹을 수신하는 네트워크 노드인, reflective QoS 수행 방법.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,상기 QoS 마킹은 상기 하향링크 패킷의 QoS 플로우의 식별자에 해당하는, reflective QoS 수행 방법.
- 제 6 항에 있어서,상기 QoS 규칙은, 상기 상향링크 패킷과 상기 QoS 플로우 사이의 매핑 관계 결정에 사용되는, reflective QoS 수행 방법.
- 제 7 항에 있어서,상기 QoS 규칙은, 상기 하향링크 패킷으로부터 도출된 패킷 필터, 상기 하향링크 패킷의 QoS 마킹 및 상기 상향링크 패킷의 평가(evaluate) 순서를 결정하기 위해 사용되는 우선 순위 값을 포함하는, reflective QoS 수행 방법.
- 제 8 항에 있어서,상기 패킷 필터는 상기 하향링크 패킷의 헤더로부터 도출되는, reflective QoS 수행 방법.
- 제 8 항에 있어서,상기 QoS 규칙을 이용하여 상기 상향링크 패킷에 상기 하향링크 패킷의 QoS 마킹을 적용하여 상기 네트워크로 전송하는 단계는,복수의 상향링크 패킷들을 상기 우선 순위 값의 순서로 평가하여 상기 QoS 규칙에 포함된 패킷 필터와 매칭되는 상향링크 패킷을 필터링하는 단계; 및상기 필터링된 상향링크 패킷에 상기 QoS 규칙에 포함되어 있는 상기 QoS 마킹을 적용하여 상기 네트워크로 전송하는 단계; 를 포함하는, reflective QoS 수행 방법.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,상기 하향링크 패킷을 기초로 상기 QoS 규칙을 도출하는 단계는,상기 하향링크 패킷과 연관된 상기 QoS 규칙이 기존재하는지 확인하는 단계; 및상기 하향링크 패킷과 연관된 상기 QoS 규칙이 기존재하지 않는 경우, 상기 하향링크 패킷을 기초로 상기 QoS 규칙을 도출하고, 상기 타이머를 시작하는 단계; 를 포함하는, reflective QoS 수행 방법.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,상기 reflective QoS 적용에 따라 도출된 상기 QoS 규칙은 명시적으로 시그널링된 QoS 규칙보다 낮은 우선 순위를 갖는, reflective QoS 수행 방법.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,상기 reflective QoS의 적용은 사용자 평면 또는 제어 평면을 통해 비활성화되는, reflective QoS 수행 방법.
- 무선 통신 시스템에서 반영형(reflective) QoS(Quality of Service)를 수행하는 UE(User Equipment)에 있어서,신호를 송수신하기 위한 통신 모듈(communication module); 및상기 통신 모듈을 제어하는 프로세서; 를 포함하고,상기 프로세서는,네트워크로부터 하향링크 패킷을 수신하되, 상기 하향링크 패킷은 상기 reflective QoS의 적용이 지시된 패킷임,상기 하향링크 패킷을 기초로 QoS 규칙을 도출하고,상기 QoS 규칙을 이용하여 상향링크 패킷에 상기 하향링크 패킷의 QoS 마킹을 적용하여 상기 네트워크로 전송하고,상기 QoS 규칙과 연계된 타이머 만료 전 상기 하향링크 패킷을 수신한 경우, 상기 타이머를 재시작하는, UE.
- 제 14 항에 있어서,상기 프로세서는, 상기 타이머가 만료된 경우 상기 QoS 규칙을 삭제하는, UE.
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| SG11201903123XA SG11201903123XA (en) | 2016-10-11 | 2017-09-22 | Method for applying reflective quality of service in wireless communication system, and device therefor |
| CN201780069279.0A CN109923891B (zh) | 2016-10-11 | 2017-09-22 | 在无线通信系统中应用反映型服务质量的方法及其设备 |
| EP17860266.0A EP3528532B1 (en) | 2016-10-11 | 2017-09-22 | Method for applying reflective quality of service in wireless communication system, and device therefor |
| KR1020197011282A KR102047058B1 (ko) | 2016-10-11 | 2017-09-22 | 무선 통신 시스템에서의 반영형 서비스 퀼리티 적용 방법 및 이를 위한 장치 |
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| JP7099536B2 (ja) | 2018-09-28 | 2022-07-12 | 日本電気株式会社 | コアネットワーク装置、通信端末、コアネットワーク装置の方法、プログラム、及び通信端末の方法 |
| JP7484970B2 (ja) | 2018-09-28 | 2024-05-16 | 日本電気株式会社 | コアネットワーク装置、通信端末、コアネットワーク装置の方法、プログラム、及び通信端末の方法 |
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| JP2020156084A (ja) * | 2019-03-19 | 2020-09-24 | ノキア テクノロジーズ オーユー | Urllc触覚フィードバック使用例に応じた対応付けられた無線ベアラ間の動的なqos対応付け |
| US12101661B2 (en) | 2020-08-11 | 2024-09-24 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for relay operation in wireless communication system |
| EP4197223A4 (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2024-02-21 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RELAY OPERATION IN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM |
| WO2022035212A1 (en) | 2020-08-11 | 2022-02-17 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for relay operation in wireless communication system |
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|---|---|
| US20200275302A1 (en) | 2020-08-27 |
| EP3528532B1 (en) | 2021-10-27 |
| KR20190051051A (ko) | 2019-05-14 |
| JP6894504B2 (ja) | 2021-06-30 |
| US11218904B2 (en) | 2022-01-04 |
| US20210014721A1 (en) | 2021-01-14 |
| AU2017341625A1 (en) | 2019-05-02 |
| EP3528532A1 (en) | 2019-08-21 |
| JP2019532582A (ja) | 2019-11-07 |
| KR102047058B1 (ko) | 2019-11-20 |
| AU2017341625B2 (en) | 2020-12-24 |
| CN109923891B (zh) | 2022-05-31 |
| CN109923891A (zh) | 2019-06-21 |
| SG11201903123XA (en) | 2019-05-30 |
| US10834626B2 (en) | 2020-11-10 |
| EP3528532A4 (en) | 2020-04-15 |
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