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WO2018067030A1 - Élément à transparence variable et revêtement à transparence variable - Google Patents

Élément à transparence variable et revêtement à transparence variable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018067030A1
WO2018067030A1 PCT/RU2017/000147 RU2017000147W WO2018067030A1 WO 2018067030 A1 WO2018067030 A1 WO 2018067030A1 RU 2017000147 W RU2017000147 W RU 2017000147W WO 2018067030 A1 WO2018067030 A1 WO 2018067030A1
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Prior art keywords
working substance
sheets
element according
clause
base
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Ceased
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PCT/RU2017/000147
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Сергей Анатольевич ДАВЫДЕНКО
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Individual
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection

Definitions

  • the claimed technical solutions relate to optical technology and are intended for the manufacture of translucent structures.
  • a known group of tinted products (patent for invention RU2538205, IPC B32B 33/00 (2006.01), G02F 1/00 (2006.01), POPs 17/00 (2006.01), 2015, patent for invention RU2569517, B29C 65/54 (2006.01), B32B 27/18 (2006.01), B32B 17/10 (2006.01), 2015), each of which contains transparent polymer sheets sealed along the contour.
  • Working fluid is introduced into the space between the sheets.
  • the painted working fluid is introduced and removed through the valve using a pump. Between the sheets to maintain the distance between them are sections (points) of the elastic polymer.
  • the technical problem is to eliminate the need for pumping a working fluid.
  • the technical result provided by the claimed element and coating with varying transparency is to simplify the design while providing a restored change in transparency with changing temperature.
  • Another additional technical result provided by the claimed coating with variable transparency is the absence the need to dismantle the existing transparent coating when it is converted into a coating with variable transparency. That is, when installing the inventive coating with varying transparency, the old coating is not dismantled.
  • the essence of the claimed element with varying transparency is that it contains a base made of optically transmissive material, in which a sealed cavity filled with a working substance is made.
  • the working substance is made in the form of a liquid or gel. It differs in that the base material is chemically resistant to the working substance.
  • the working substance is made with the possibility of a reversible change in transparency with a change in its temperature.
  • the working substance has a viscosity of at least 5 MPa * s.
  • the base can be made in the form of a sheet with many sealed cavities filled with a working substance.
  • the base can be performed in the form of a gel in which the sealed cavities are evenly distributed. In this case, it is advisable to place the base between two rigid reinforcing sheets of optically transmissive material.
  • the base may be a capsule filled with a working substance. Many of these capsules can be placed in a binder made of optically transmissive material.
  • the binder, the base and the working substance are made of a material with close values of the refractive index.
  • the base is preferably two superimposed sheets, at least part of the space between which is sealed and forms an airtight cavity.
  • supports that are chemically resistant to the working substance can be arranged in an orderly and uniform manner.
  • On the surface of one of the sheets it is advisable to perform the sides in the form of a lattice, the upper parts of which are connected to another sheet.
  • the lattice cells form a sealed cavity that is filled with a working substance.
  • the flanges made on one sheet can enter grooves made on the surface of another sheet, while the height of the flanges is greater than the depth of the grooves.
  • the sheets can be pressed against each other and curved recesses are made on the surface of one of them.
  • the set of recesses is a sealed cavity.
  • the material of the sheet with recesses and the working substance have close values of the refractive index.
  • the recesses can be placed close to each other or at a certain distance, in the area of which the sheet with recesses is hermetically connected to the adjacent sheet. In the latter case, additional recesses are made on the opposite side of the recessed sheet, which are offset from the recesses on the other side. Additional recesses are filled with a working substance, and the surface of the sheet with additional recesses is pressed against a third sheet made of optically transmissive material chemically resistant to the working substance.
  • surfactants can be added to the composition of the liquid.
  • Sheets can be made in the form of hard strips.
  • One of the sheets may be mounted on a flexible substrate of optically transmissive material.
  • the substrate may be connected to a decorative strip located parallel to the long side of the sheets of the element. If the sheets are equipped with heaters, then the control system of these heaters is preferably placed in a decorative strip.
  • Sheets can be connected to a decorative level from a short end.
  • the bar is equipped with a fastener that allows you to fix the element vertically with the possibility of rotation around an axis parallel to the long side of the sheets.
  • one of the sheets may be provided with an optically transmissive adhesive layer or coated with an anti-abrasive composition.
  • the barrier sealing the space between the sheets can be painted.
  • the working substance may contain additives with high absorption in the near infrared range.
  • a colored film can be glued onto the substrate from the outside.
  • a nichrome heating wire may extend on the surface or in the bulk of the substrate.
  • Optically transparent heat-conducting conductors of indium tin oxide can be deposited on the surface of the sealed cavity, or a film with such conductors can be glued on the surface of the sealed cavity.
  • the working substance is expediently performed on the basis of isopropyl acrylamide), or
  • methyl acrylamide methyl acrylamide
  • poly (G ⁇ 1-pyrrolidinacrylamide) or hydrogel from methyl cellulose, or poloxamer 407, or poloxamer 188, or carbopol
  • the essence of the claimed coating with variable transparency is that it contains elements made in the form of sheets with variable transparency.
  • Each element contains a base made of optically transmissive material, in which a sealed cavity is filled with a working substance made in the form of a liquid or gel.
  • the base material is chemically resistant to the working substance.
  • the working substance is made with the possibility of a reversible change in transparency with a change in its temperature.
  • the working substance has a viscosity of at least 5 MPa * s.
  • the base is preferably two superimposed sheets, at least part of the space between which is sealed and forms an airtight cavity.
  • supports that are chemically resistant to the working substance can be arranged in an orderly and uniform manner.
  • On the surface of one of the sheets it is advisable to perform the sides in the form of a lattice, the upper parts of which are connected to another sheet.
  • the lattice cells form a sealed cavity that is filled with a working substance.
  • Elements can be in the form of rectangles from 200x200 mm in size to 5 350x350 mm or in rectangular strips from 50 to 250 mm wide. In this case, the elements are placed end-to-end. On the one hand, along the perimeter or part of it, the elements are provided with an adhesive strip, and on the other hand, the joints of the elements are closed with a decor made in the form of a self-adhesive film.
  • the adhesive strip and self-adhesive film can be made in dark color.
  • Elements can be hexagonal and end-to-end.
  • the elements are connected by double-sided adhesive tape, and on the other hand, the joints of the elements are closed by a decor made in the form of a painted self-adhesive tape.
  • Double-sided adhesive tape and self-adhesive tape can be made in black.
  • Elements can have a rectangular shape and be placed in the cells of the supporting grid of the I-beam profile.
  • the I-beam profile along the entire length or in part can be provided with double-sided adhesive tape.
  • the profile may be metallic.
  • the barrier sealing the space between the sheets can be made of
  • the working substance and / or base may be painted.
  • the working substance may contain additives with high absorption in the near infrared range.
  • Optically transparent heat-conducting conductors of indium tin oxide can be deposited on the surface of the sealed cavity or on
  • the surface of the sealed cavity can be glued film with such conductors.
  • the working substance is expediently performed on the basis of poly (1CH-isopropylacrylamide), or
  • methyl acrylamide methyl acrylamide
  • poly (1M-pyrrolidinacrylamide) or hydrogel from methyl cellulose, or poloxamer 407, or poloxamer 188, or carbopol 940, or chitosan, or polyethylene glycol.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an element with varying transparency
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of an element according to example 1
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram of an element according to example 2
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram of an element according to example 3
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram of the element of example 4
  • FIG. 6 7 is a diagram of the element of example 5
  • FIG. 8 9 is a diagram of the element of example 6,
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram of an element according to example 7, in FIG. 11 is a diagram of the element of example 8,
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram of the element of example 9, in FIG. 13 is a diagram of the element of example 10
  • FIG. 14, 15 is a diagram of the element of example 11, in FIG.
  • Element with varying transparency contains the base (1) (Fig. 1).
  • a sealed cavity (3) is filled in it, filled with a working substance (4) with temperature-controlled transparency.
  • the base (1) is made of a material that is optically transmissive at least in part of the spectrum, for example:
  • the working substance (4) is a liquid or gel.
  • the working substance (4) is configured to reversibly change transparency when its temperature changes.
  • the working substance (4) can be performed on the basis of the following polymers having a reversible phase transition:
  • a solution of alpha-cyclodextrin and 4-methylpyridine in water in molar ratios of 1: 30-100: 6 can be used.
  • Other combinations of cyclodextrins and pyridines are possible.
  • a working fluid it is possible to use a solution of iodine and starch in water.
  • the working substance (4) may be a mixture of diphenylamine with beta-cyclodextrin and lithium chloride in ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylformamide. Depending on the concentration of diphenylamine and beta-cyclodextrin, this substance is a liquid or gel.
  • the working gel (4) may be a heat-sensitive hydrogel in the form of a mixture of beta-cyclodextrin, ⁇ -isopropylacrylamide and ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylacrylamide.
  • the working gel (4) can be a supramolecularly structured hydrogel in the form of a mixture in the aqueous medium of two components:
  • the working substance should have a viscosity of at least 5 MPa * s.
  • the practical elimination of undesirable consequences associated with the distraction of the observer by the transition process of changing the transparency of the claimed element occurs.
  • the viscosity of the working substance is not less than 25 MPa * s.
  • the required viscosity is ensured by adding a thickener to the working fluid or working gel.
  • a thickener for example, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carbopol, hydroethyl cellulose can be used.
  • the base (1) is made of a material chemically resistant to the working substance (4).
  • the base (1) can be made of rigid or elastic material.
  • the base (1) can be made of glass, polypropylene, polyamide or low density polyethylene.
  • the base and the working substance should be performed with close values of the refractive index.
  • Example 1 The base (1) is made in the form of a sheet, two faces of which (the sides of the sheet) have a large area, and the remaining faces have a much smaller area (the ends of the sheet) (Fig. 2). In this case, the preferred path for the propagation of optical radiation lies between the sides of the sheet.
  • the cavities (3) are positioned evenly within a certain layer of the base (1).
  • the cavities (3) are made not communicating with each other.
  • the base (1) is made in the form of a sheet (Fig. 3) and is a gel. In the thickness of the sheet a lot of uniformly distributed sealed cavities (3) filled with a working substance (4).
  • the base (1) is placed on a rigid transparent reinforcing sheet or between two rigid transparent reinforcing sheets (16).
  • the base (1) is a thin-walled capsule in which the working fluid or working gel (4) is placed. These capsules are evenly distributed in the volume of the sheet filled with a binder (5) (Fig. 4).
  • the binder (5), the base (1) and the working substance (4) are made of a material with close values of the refractive index. However, with this embodiment of the element with varying transparency, the binder (5) may not be chemically resistant to the working substance (4).
  • Example 4 The base consists of two sheets superimposed on each other (6), at least part of the space between which is sealed and forms a sealed cavity (3) (Fig. 5). This sealed cavity has a barrier (7) laid between the sheets (6) to form a contour. In the sealed cavity (3) the working substance (4) is placed. If the sheets (6) are sealed around the perimeter, then the working substance (4) occupies the entire volume of space between the sheets. The tight contour may not coincide with the perimeter of the sheets and can be made in the form of inscriptions or drawings. Then the working substance is located within these sealed circuits.
  • the following is performed. Previously, in one of the sheets in the area of the sealed cavity, one or more technological holes are made. On another sheet, a barrier (7) is formed and the resulting container is filled with working fluid. Then impose a sheet with technological holes on this container over the barrier. By pressing the sheets together, excess fluid is removed through the process holes. Then these openings are sealed. It is advisable to perform technological holes near the barriers.
  • Example 5 Similar to example 4. In order to maintain a structurally predetermined distance between the sheets (6) in the space between them, supports (8) are arranged in an orderly and even manner (Fig. 6, 7). Supports (8) can be made of rigid or elastic material. Supports (8) must be chemically resistant to the working substance (4). The use of supports makes it possible to use sheets of smaller thickness.
  • Supports can be made integral with one of the sheets.
  • another sheet may be provided with holes for inserting supports of the first sheet into these holes.
  • the composition of the working fluid may include toxic substances, substances with a pungent odor, for example, pyridine.
  • a protective grill (9) made of hard or elastic material connected to the surface of both sheets (6), for example, by a joint (Fig. 8, 9).
  • the working fluid (4) is placed inside the sealed cells formed by the sheets (6) and the lattice (9).
  • the lattice bands (9) are made thin to reduce the residual transparency of the entire product. The thickness of the lattice strips is much less than the linear size of the lattice cell.
  • Lattice (9) may be opaque. In this case, the transparency of the element is initially reduced. However, since the strips or rods of the grating are made thin, such a decrease in transparency is negligible.
  • this embodiment of the inventive element allows cutting of the element without the use of equipment to fill the space between the sheets with a working fluid and its sealing.
  • the implementation of the element with the above-mentioned lattice (9) allows you to maintain a structurally predetermined distance between the sheets, which makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the sheets.
  • Example 7 Similar to example 6.
  • the lattice (9) is made integral with one of the sheets (6) (Fig. 10) and represents the sides on the surface of the sheet (6) in the form of a lattice. The extreme sides serve as barriers (7).
  • Example 8 As in example 7, the lattice (9) is made integral with the first sheet (6).
  • the depth of the grooves (10) is less than the thickness of the grating (9) by the thickness of the layer of the working fluid (4).
  • Example 9 Similar to example 4.
  • the sheets (6) are pressed against each other.
  • Recesses (11) are made on the surface of one of the sheets (Fig. 12).
  • the recesses (11) are made so that their length and width are of the same order as their depth.
  • the working substance (4) occupies only the volume of the recesses (11).
  • To reduce the residual transparency of the recesses (11) it is advisable to place close to each other on the surface of the sheet (6). Due to the fact that the recesses are made curved, the material of the sheets with recesses should have a refractive index close to the value of the refractive index of the working substance.
  • Example 10 Similar to example 9.
  • the sheet (6) leaves intact smooth areas (12) in the form of a lattice (Fig. 13).
  • the sheet (6) with recesses is connected to the surface of another sheet, for example, by a weld.
  • the lattice strips are made thin to reduce the residual transparency of the entire product.
  • this embodiment of the inventive element allows cutting of the element without the use of equipment to fill the space between the sheets with a working substance and its sealing.
  • the recesses (11) have a cylindrical shape or the shape of spherical segments and are located at a certain distance from each other on the sheet (6) (Fig. 14).
  • the surface of the sheet (6) between the recesses (11) performs the function of the lattice of the product according to example 10.
  • each recess (11) is isolated from the others.
  • the increased distance between the recesses (11) increases the residual transparency of the entire claimed element, which is eliminated as follows.
  • additional recesses (13) are made, but they are made with an offset (Fig. 15).
  • the center of the additional recesses (13) is located opposite the center of the surface area between the recesses (11) on the other side of the sheet (6).
  • additional recesses (13) overlap areas without recesses on the other side of this sheet (6).
  • the surface of the sheet (6) with additional recesses (13) is pressed against the third sheet (14), the additional recesses are filled with a working substance (4), and surface sections outside the additional recesses (13) are connected to the surface of the third sheet (14) by a joint.
  • Example 12 The sheets (6) of the element according to example 4 are made in the form of rigid strips 2 cm wide. Having fixed such elements in a row on a flexible transparent substrate (15), it is possible to manufacture a flexible product with variable transparency (Fig. 16).
  • the substrate (15) may be a sheet in size of the entire flexible product, and may be made in the form of several strips, for example, a transparent adhesive tape (Fig. 17).
  • the substrate (15) is connected to a decorative strip (17) located parallel to the elements, made in the form of a bar.
  • the strap (17) contains fasteners and is intended for fastening a flexible product with varying transparency on something, for example, on window glass.
  • a heater control system can be placed inside the strip (17).
  • the barriers (7) are painted (Fig. 16).
  • Example 13 As in example 12, the sheets of the element are made in the form of rigid strips with a width of 2 cm. Such elements are paired in a chain to form a flexible product with variable transparency (Fig. 18).
  • Example 14 As in example 12, the sheets of the element are made in the form of rigid strips 2 cm wide. On the outside, one of the sheets is provided with a transparent adhesive layer, covered with a transport protective film. This embodiment of the element allows you to stick the finished product on any surface at the request of the user.
  • the transport protective film preserves the adhesive layer during transportation, storage and sale in the store.
  • Example 15 As in example 12, the sheets of the element are made in the form of rigid strips 2 cm wide. In order to increase the wear resistance, the outer side of one of the sheets is coated with an anti-abrasive compound.
  • Example 16 As in example 12, the sheets (6) of the element are made in the form of rigid strips with a width of 2 cm (Fig. 19). From the short end side, the sheets (6) are connected to a decorative strip (17) equipped with a fastener that allows several elements to be fixed vertically in a row with the possibility of their simultaneous rotation around an axis parallel to the long side of the sheets. Thus, it is possible to manufacture vertical blinds from elements with varying transparency.
  • Example 17 To increase the ability to absorb heat by the element, the working substance (4) and / or the base (1) is made colored.
  • Example 17.1 To increase the absorption capacity of the working substance in the near infrared range, additives, for example, graphene oxides, water-soluble organic substances containing hydroxyl (OH-) groups or imino groups (NH-), were introduced into its composition.
  • additives for example, graphene oxides, water-soluble organic substances containing hydroxyl (OH-) groups or imino groups (NH-)
  • Example 18 In order to increase the ability of heat absorption by an element, a colored film (not shown) is glued on the outside of the base (1).
  • Example 19 In order to reduce the freezing point, the working substance (4) additionally contains ethyl alcohol.
  • Example 20 Similar to example 4.
  • the base is made in the form of polymer sheets.
  • surfactants have been added to the latter.
  • Example 21 To regulate the temperature of the working fluid of the inventive element is equipped with an electric heater.
  • a nichrome heating wire (not shown) passes on the surface or in the bulk of the base (1).
  • the wire can pass through the cavity with the working substance (4).
  • the conductors of the heater can be made so that they form a protective grill (9) described in example 6 (Fig. 8, 9).
  • Example 22 To regulate the temperature of the working substance on the outer surface of the base (1) or on the surface of the sealed cavity (3) deposited optically transparent conductors of indium tin oxide (not shown). Passing electric current through the conductors allows you to change the temperature of the working substance (4) and, therefore, change the transparency of the element regardless of external conditions.
  • Example 23 Similar to example 22, but instead of directly applying heat-conducting conductors to the surface of the substrate or the sealed cavity, a transparent film with such conductors is glued to the substrate (1) or to the surface of the sealed cavity (3).
  • Example 24 Similar to example 22 or 23. In this case, the control circuit for heating the working substance with indium-tin oxide conductors provides for periodic operation.
  • the working substance is transparent, and with it the entire element is transparent.
  • the working substance To translate the element into an opaque state, the working substance must be heated above a certain temperature Ti, the exact value of which depends on the specific choice of the working substance. For such heating, the control circuit passes electric current through said conductors. Upon reaching a predetermined temperature greater than Ti, heating stops.
  • the element Under the influence of the environment, the element, and with it the working substance, is cooled. When a certain temperature Td is reached, the working substance becomes sufficiently transparent.
  • control circuit includes heating to a temperature greater than Ti. And so the process repeats.
  • polymer hydrogels with a complex polymer molecule are used as a working substance.
  • a working substance can be a polymer hydrogel of grafted copolymers of hyaluronic acid with chitosan and isopropylacrylamide) (at a polymer concentration of 10%).
  • grafted chitosan copolymers are possible.
  • an element with a changing transparency is transparent in the interesting part of the spectrum.
  • transparency is provided for different temperatures, for example:
  • the working substance (4) When the temperature changes, the working substance (4), and with it the whole element, become opaque. Moreover, depending on the composition of the working substance 30, the opacity appears with a decrease or increase in temperature.
  • the working fluid in the form of a solution of alpha-cyclodextrin and 4-methylpyridine in water becomes milky white when heated to 45-75 degrees Celsius.
  • the exact transition temperature depends on the proportions of the components, in particular on alpha cyclodextrin content. The transition temperature decreases as the concentration of alpha-cyclodextrin increases.
  • the working fluid becomes sol-gel. If you continue heating to 95 degrees or cool the element below 45 degrees, the mixture becomes transparent again.
  • a working gel in the form of a mixture of beta-cyclodextrin, ⁇ -isopropylacrylamide and ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylacrylamide becomes dull at a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius.
  • the change in the temperature of the working substance occurs under the influence of external conditions or under the control of a control system that supplies power to the heating elements mounted in the element. Due to the fact that both the working fluid and the working gel have a high heat capacity, a change in transparency occurs gradually. In such conditions, it is advisable to supply power to the heating elements in a pulsed manner.
  • the claimed coating with varying transparency is made up of the above-described elements (100) with varying transparency, made in the form of sheets (Fig. 20). Elements (100) are placed next to each other, covering a certain surface with a mosaic in one layer. Between the elements (100), gaps can be made. Joints of elements are closed by decor (101).
  • the surface may be imaginary, or it may be a flat or curved sheet of transparent material, for example, window or display glass, an interior partition, a dome and walls of a greenhouse.
  • Example 1 A coating with a changing transparency is a few placed butt joints (100) with a changing transparency in the shape of rectangles ranging in size from 200x200 mm to 350x350 mm (Fig. 21) or horizontal stripes with a width of 50 to 250 mm.
  • each element (100) is equipped with an adhesive strip (102), with which it is fixed on a bearing surface (103), for example, on a double-glazed window.
  • the joints of the elements (100) are closed by the decor (101), made in the form of a painted self-adhesive film.
  • Example 2 A coating with a changing transparency is a few hexagonal elements (100) placed by a mosaic with a changing transparency with a side of 220 mm (Fig. 22).
  • each element (100) is fixed on the supporting surface (103) using double-sided adhesive tape (102).
  • the joints of the elements (100) are closed by the decor (101), made in the form of a painted self-adhesive tape.
  • an adhesive tape and a black self-adhesive tape are used.
  • Example 3 A coating with a changing transparency is a few placed butt-end rectangular elements (100) with a changing transparency of 200x300 mm in size (Fig. 23).
  • Elements (100) are placed in the cells of the supporting grid from the I-beam profile, which is also a decor (101).
  • a profile of a material with a high absorption coefficient and high thermal conductivity (for example, metal) is used.
  • Example 4 Similar to example 3. In order to fix on an existing coating, the profile (101) is fixed on one side along the entire length or on its part on the supporting surface (103) using double-sided adhesive tape (102) (Fig. 24).
  • any transparent coating at the place of installation of the coating with varying transparency for example, a double-glazed window on a window
  • it can not be dismantled, but used as a supporting structure for mounting coating elements with varying transparency.
  • Elements with varying transparency are mounted on the prepared supporting structure.
  • the elements are either inserted into the supporting structure, or fastened to it with glue or adhesive tape.
  • the coating is ready to use.
  • the temperature of the elements changes, they change the transparency. In this case, heating and cooling of the elements occurs due to:
  • the claimed technical solutions are implemented using industrially produced devices and materials, can be manufactured at an industrial enterprise and will be widely used in the field of translucent structures.
  • Element and coating with variable transparency can be used for the manufacture of display windows and partitions, transforming into multimedia screens.
  • the implementation of the rear wall of the window showing the street from the claimed element or coating allows you to either focus the attention of passers-by on the samples in the window (for example, clothing, cars), or show the interior of the trading room.
  • the claimed element or coating can also be fixed at several points on the rear wall of the display case.
  • the element or coating can be used for internal and external privacy control installations (e.g. meeting rooms, intensive care medical rooms, bathrooms, showers).
  • the element or coating can be used as a temporary projection screen.
  • An element or coating can be used as a replacement for electrochromic glass in architecture:

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)

Abstract

Les solutions techniques concernent les équipements optiques et visent à fabriquer des structures transparentes à la lumière possédant une transparence variable. L'invention permet de simplifier la structure tout en assurant une variation réversible de transparence lors d'un changement de température. L'invention permet de recouvrir des surfaces de taille importante. Lors du montage il n'est pas nécessaire de démonter le revêtement précédent, qui peut s'utiliser en tant que structure porteuse. L'élément à transparence variable comprend une base réalisée à partir d'un matériau optiquement transparent dans lequel on a réalisé une cavité étanche remplie d'une substance de travail sous la forme d'un liquide ou d'un gel. Le matériau de la base est chimiquement stable par rapport à la substance active. La substance de travail est réalisée de manière à permettre une variation réversible de la transparence lors de la variation de sa température. La couverture à transparence variable comprend des éléments susmentionnés réalisés sous la forme de feuilles à transparence variable. Les éléments sont disposés les uns à côté des autres.
PCT/RU2017/000147 2016-10-09 2017-03-17 Élément à transparence variable et revêtement à transparence variable Ceased WO2018067030A1 (fr)

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JPS62220932A (ja) * 1986-03-20 1987-09-29 Hitachi Maxell Ltd エレクトロクロミツク表示素子
US4808009A (en) * 1986-06-05 1989-02-28 Rosemount, Inc. Integrated semiconductor resistance temperature sensor and resistive heater
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CN116446770B (zh) * 2023-04-10 2025-11-14 天津大学 一种热响应液体智能窗及其制备方法

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