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WO2018059341A1 - 一种熔融沉积成型的金属三维打印机及其打印方法 - Google Patents

一种熔融沉积成型的金属三维打印机及其打印方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018059341A1
WO2018059341A1 PCT/CN2017/103094 CN2017103094W WO2018059341A1 WO 2018059341 A1 WO2018059341 A1 WO 2018059341A1 CN 2017103094 W CN2017103094 W CN 2017103094W WO 2018059341 A1 WO2018059341 A1 WO 2018059341A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
molding material
metal
molding
assembly
print head
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2017/103094
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
苏健强
宋道权
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Print Rite Unicorn Image Products Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Print Rite Unicorn Image Products Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2018059341A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018059341A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/003Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/115Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00Processes of additive manufacturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of metal three-dimensional printing, and more particularly to a fused deposition metal three-dimensional printer and a printing method thereof.
  • the invention is based on the application date of September 30, 2016, and the application number is CN
  • a 3D printer also known as a three-dimensional printer, is a machine that utilizes rapid prototyping technology. Based on a digital model file, a three-dimensional entity is constructed by layer-by-layer printing using a molding material. Before printing, it needs to be modeled by computer modeling software, and then the partitioned 3D model is “partitioned” into a layer-by-layer section, that is, a slice, to guide the 3D printer to print layer by layer.
  • 3D printers have been widely used in the product manufacturing industry. The 3D printer works in the same way as traditional printers. It consists of control components, mechanical components, print heads, consumables (ie molding materials) and media. The printing principle is basically similar. .
  • FDM fused deposition molding
  • SLM laser sintering
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide a printing method of a metal three-dimensional printer which realizes rapid three-dimensional printing of a plurality of metal materials by a fused deposition molding method.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a printing method of a metal three-dimensional printer that realizes three-dimensional printing of a rapid metal material by a fused deposition molding method.
  • a third object of the present invention is to provide a rapid deposition of a plurality of metal materials by means of a fused deposition molding method. Dimensional printing of metal 3D printers.
  • the present invention provides a printing method of a fused deposition molded metal three-dimensional printer comprising a print head assembly, a molding base, a moving assembly and a consumable supply assembly, and a moving assembly for Moving the printhead assembly, the consumable supply assembly is configured to drive the first molding material and the second molding material into the printhead assembly, at least one of the first molding material and the second molding material comprises a metal material and an adhesive, and the printing method
  • the method includes: the printhead assembly extruding the first molding material and/or the second molding material on the molding seat.
  • the present invention provides a printing method of a fused deposition molded metal three-dimensional printer comprising a print head assembly, a molding base, a moving assembly and a consumable supply assembly, and a moving assembly for Moving the print head assembly, the consumable supply assembly is configured to drive the first molding material and the second molding material into the printhead assembly, the first molding material comprises a metal material and a binder, and the second molding material is a support material, the first molding The melting point of the material is higher than the melting point of the second molding material; the printing method comprises: a printing step of the supporting portion, the printing head assembly extruding the second molding material on the molding seat; the printing step of the physical part, the printing head assembly is extruded on the second molding material The first molding material is produced.
  • the present invention provides a fused deposition molded metal three-dimensional printer including a print head assembly, a molding base, a moving assembly, and a consumable supply assembly, moving The assembly is for moving the printhead assembly, the consumable supply assembly for driving the first molding material and the second molding material to be delivered into the printhead assembly, at least one of the first molding material and the second molding material including the metal material and the binder
  • the printhead assembly is for extruding the first molding material and/or the second molding material on the molding base.
  • the metal printer further includes a guiding device connected between the consumable supply assembly and the printhead assembly, the guiding device is provided with a first input end, a second input end and an output end, the first molding material input To the first input end, the second molding material is input to the second input end, the output end is connected to the print head assembly, and the first input end and the output end are connected to each other with a first channel, between the second input end and the output end
  • the communication setting has a second channel.
  • the printhead assembly includes a first printhead for extruding a first molding material and a second printhead for extruding a second molding material.
  • the first molding material includes a first metal material and a first binder
  • the second molding material includes a second metal material and a second binder
  • the first metal material is a zinc-based alloy
  • the second metal material is an aluminum based alloy or a stainless steel alloy.
  • the first molding material comprises a first metal material and a first binder
  • the second molding material is a support material
  • the first metal material is a zinc-based alloy
  • the support material is a resin or a polylactic acid.
  • the fused deposition molded metal three-dimensional printer and the printing method thereof respectively, print a molding material having different metal materials through a consumable supply component and a print head assembly, and simultaneously adopt the principle of extrusion imaging of a print head, using FDM
  • the three-dimensional printing method of forming method has high molding efficiency and low cost, and can then realize three-dimensional model printing of multi-metal materials, which can form a three-dimensional model with new metal properties.
  • two or more metal materials having similar melting points of the molding material are used for three-dimensional metal printing, and after high-temperature sintering, two or more metals are fused to each other, and metal properties can be formed. For a good metal 3D model.
  • the temperature is high.
  • the second molding material is sintered and solidified, and the first molding material is still uncured or still in a powder state due to low temperature, so it is relatively easy to clean and remove the first molding material.
  • the printing of the support portion can be formed by the support material, which is simple, efficient, and low in cost, and the molding material having the metal material is extruded on the support portion, and the three-dimensional printing is performed by the FDM molding method, and the molding efficiency is high and low. .
  • the molding material having different metal materials is respectively printed by the consumable supply component and the print head assembly, and the principle of extrusion imaging of the printing head is adopted, and the three-dimensional printing is performed by the FDM molding method, and the molding efficiency is high and the cost is low. It is then possible to implement a three-dimensional model printing of a multi-metal material that is capable of forming a three-dimensional model with new metal properties.
  • the structure is simple and the control is convenient.
  • the melting points of the zinc-based alloy and the aluminum-based alloy are close to each other, and the two metal materials are fused to form a three-dimensional metal model with good metal properties, and the melting point of the zinc-based alloy is smaller than the melting point of the stainless steel alloy, so the stainless steel alloy can It is printed as a support part and can be easily removed after sintering.
  • the support material is used as the support portion for printing. After the high temperature sintering, the support material will be vaporized and discharged, and the workload of cleaning and removing excess parts is reduced, thereby achieving a more comprehensive metal three-dimensional printing function.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural view of a first embodiment of a metal three-dimensional printer of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the connection of the wire intermediate wheel, the consumable supply assembly and the guiding device of the first embodiment of the metal three-dimensional printer of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the principle of a first embodiment of a printing method of a metal three-dimensional printer of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a structural view of a guiding device in a second embodiment of the metal three-dimensional printer of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the principle of a second embodiment of the printing method of the metal three-dimensional printer of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped yarn of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a structural view of a screw extruder and a molding extruder head of an embodiment of a method for producing a three-dimensionally shaped yarn according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of the filamentous material of the three-dimensional shaped filament embodiment in a linear state and a curved state.
  • 9 is a graph in which the components of the seventh to eleventh embodiments are three-dimensionally formed.
  • 11 is a graph of experimental data of an eleventh embodiment.
  • a three-dimensional printer 1 includes a housing 11 that encloses a cavity for three-dimensional imaging in which an X-axis moving motor 121, a Y-axis moving motor 122, and a Z-axis movement are mounted.
  • the motor (not shown), the X-axis moving motor 121, the Y-axis moving motor 122, and the Z-axis moving motor constitute the moving assembly of this embodiment, the Z-axis moving motor is mounted at the bottom of the cavity, and the screw is connected to the Z-axis moving motor
  • a guide rod is further mounted on the bottom wall of the cavity, and a Z-axis moving bracket 131 is mounted on the guide rod, and a forming seat 1 32 is disposed on the Z-axis moving bracket 131, and the Z-axis moving bracket 131 is meshed with the screw thread. Therefore, when the Z-axis moving motor works, it will drive the screw to rotate, which in turn causes the forming seat 132 to move in the Z-axis direction under the driving of the
  • the Y-axis moving motor 122 is mounted on the side wall of the cavity, and a guide rod is fixedly disposed on the side wall, and a Y-axis moving bracket is disposed on the guiding rod, and the Y-axis moving motor is connected to the Y-axis moving bracket through the belt
  • the Y-axis moving bracket will be slid along the guide rod by the belt, that is, the Y-axis moving bracket is moved in the Y-axis direction under the driving of the Y-axis moving motor 122.
  • An X-axis moving motor 121 and two guiding rods are mounted on the Y-axis moving bracket, and two guiding rods are respectively disposed on both sides of the X-axis moving motor 121, and the printing head assembly 14 is disposed on the two guiding rods. , consumable supply assembly and guiding device 2.
  • the X-axis moving motor 121 is rotated, the print head assembly 14 is slid along the guide bar by the belt, i.e., the print head assembly 14 is moved in the X-axis direction by the X-axis moving motor 121.
  • the X-axis moving motor 121, the Y-axis moving motor 122, and the Z-axis moving motor constitute the moving motor assembly of this embodiment.
  • the housing 11 is provided with a wire wheel 161 and a wire wheel 162 on the back side of the cavity.
  • the wire wheel 161 is wound with a filament-shaped molding material 151
  • the wire wheel 162 is wound with a filament.
  • the molding material 152 in the present embodiment, the molding material 151 and the molding material 152 each include a metal material and a binder, and the melting point of the molding material 151 is lower than the boiling point of the molding material 152, so that the molding material 151 and the molding material 152 The melting point is close to each other.
  • the metal materials contained therein can be fused to each other without a gold
  • the material is heated to the boiling point and then vaporized, or a metal material is not in a molten state, and the other metal material is still in a solid state, resulting in the inability of the metal material to fuse.
  • the consumable supply assembly, the guiding device 2, and the printhead assembly 14 are each mounted on two guide bars on the X-axis and integrally move along a plane formed by the X-axis guide and the Y-axis guide.
  • the consumable supply unit includes a motor 171 and a motor 172. Since the motor 171 and the motor 172 have the same structure, the motor 171 will be described below as an example.
  • the motor 171 includes a driving wheel 181 and a driven wheel 191.
  • the driven wheel 191 between the driving wheels 181 is clamped with a filament-shaped molding material 151. When the driving wheel 181 is rotated counterclockwise, the filament-shaped molding material 151 can be self-contained.
  • the filament-shaped molding material 151 can be moved from bottom to top.
  • the wire-shaped molding material 152 can be transported up or down on the reverse rotation of the driving wheel of the motor 172 or the boring pin. After the filament supply material 151 and the filament-shaped molding material 152 are driven by the consumable supply unit, the filament-shaped molding material 151 and the filament-shaped molding material 152 can be input to the guiding device 2.
  • the guiding device 2 is coupled between the consumable supply assembly and the printhead assembly 14, the guiding device 2 comprising a housing 21, the input end 23 and the input being provided at the upper end of the housing 21
  • the end 24 is provided with an output end 215 at a lower end portion of the housing 21.
  • a passage 2 is provided in communication between the input end 23 and the output end 215.
  • a passage 214 is disposed between the input end 23 and the output end 215.
  • the passage 213 and the passage 214 are both the first housing 21 and
  • the second casing 22 is surrounded by circular grooves respectively provided in the middle portion.
  • the passage 213 and the passage 214 are disposed in communication with each other at their respective lower ends such that the passage 213 and the passage 214 are distributed in a Y-shaped tree shape.
  • Position detecting means (not shown) are respectively disposed at positions near the upper end of the passage 213 and the passage 214, and the position detecting means may employ a commonly used position detector such as laser detection, and the position detecting means can detect the position of the molding material. The result of the position detection is fed back to the 3D printer.
  • the printhead assembly 14 includes a nozzle 142 and a heater 141.
  • the heater 141 is sleeved outside the nozzle 142.
  • the heater 14 1 heats the molding material in the nozzle 142 and heats the molding material to a molten state. At 150-200 degrees Celsius, it is capable of heating the binder to a molten state.
  • the input of the printhead assembly is placed in communication with the output 215.
  • the first embodiment of the above-described metal three-dimensional printer is applied, that is, the molding material 151 and the molding material 152 each include a metal material and a binder, and the melting point of the molding material 151 is lower than the boiling point of the molding material 152, and the molding material 151 and molding The melting point of material 152 is similar.
  • the steps of the printhead assembly 14 extruding the molding material 151 and the molding material 152 on the molding base include:
  • the consumable supply assembly drives the molding material 151 into the guiding device and drives it, and drives it into the printing head assembly 14, and then heats, and then the printing head assembly 14 extrudes a molding material 151 on the molding seat.
  • the print head assembly 14 extrudes a layer of molding material 152 on the molding material 151. Then, different layers are used to print three-dimensional models with different metal materials.
  • the two metal materials are fused to each other, and the mixing may be first performed in the print head.
  • the molding material 151 and the molding material 152 are mixed in the print head assembly to form a mixed molding material, and the print head is collectively Extrusion then forms a mixed metal three-dimensional print.
  • the molding material can be switched and printed according to the actual model design, that is, a layer of the model is formed by molding material 151 and The molding material 152 is printed.
  • the preferred metal material is that the metal material of the molding material 151 is a zinc-based alloy, and the melting point of the zinc-based alloy is 450-480 degrees Celsius, and the metal of the molding material 152 The material is an aluminum-based alloy, and the melting temperature of the zinc-based alloy is 580-650 degrees Celsius.
  • the printhead assembly 14 prints a molding material on the molding base and causes it to be in a three-dimensional model.
  • both the molding material 151 and the molding material 152 include a metal material and a binder, and the melting point of the molding material 151 is higher than that.
  • the preferred metal material is that the metal material of the molding material 152 is a zinc-based alloy, the melting point of the zinc-based alloy is 450-480 degrees Celsius, the metal material of the molding material 151 is a stainless steel alloy, and the melting temperature of the stainless steel alloy is 1200-1300 degrees Celsius.
  • the steps of the printhead assembly 14 extruding the molding material 151 and the molding material 152 on the molding base include:
  • the material supply assembly drives the molding material 151 into the guiding device and drives it, and drives it into the printing head assembly 14, and then heats, and then the printing head assembly 14 extrudes the molding material 151 on the molding seat, and uses the molding material 151 as a supporting portion.
  • the printing of the molding material 152 is supported.
  • the printing of the physical part is performed, and after the molding seat is lowered by the preset distance, the printing head assembly 14 extrudes the molding material 152 on the molding material 151, and then performs the cooperative printing of the supporting portion and the physical portion.
  • the printing After the printing is completed, it is taken out from the molding base, and high-temperature sintering is performed. Since the solid portion is the molding material 152, it is heated to the melting temperature of the molding material 152, and the molding material 151 is still uncured or still at a low temperature. In the powder state, it is relatively easy to clean and remove the molding material 151.
  • the molding materials of the above embodiments all contain a metal material.
  • the molding material 15 1 includes a metal material and a binder
  • the metal material may be a zinc-based alloy
  • the molding material 152 is a supporting material.
  • the material may be ABS resin or PLA polylactic acid, and the melting point of the molding material 151 is higher than the melting point of the molding material 152.
  • the steps of the printhead assembly 14 extruding the molding material 151 and the molding material 152 on the molding base include:
  • the print head assembly 14 extrudes the molding material 152 on the molding base, and uses the molding material 152 as a supporting portion to support the printing of the molding material 151.
  • the extrusion molding material 151 is formed on the 152, and then the matching printing of the support portion and the physical portion is realized.
  • the first molding material includes the first metal material and the first binder, and the second molding material.
  • Non-metallic materials such as ceramic inks, can be used for color imaging, or permanent magnet materials, ceramic powders or rare earth powders can be used to improve metal properties.
  • Metallic three-dimensional printer second embodiment metallic three-dimensional printer second embodiment:
  • FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of the guiding device 3 from the input port toward the output port.
  • the bow guide device 3 is provided with five input ports 31 at the upper end, and the guiding device 3 is provided with an output port 32 at the lower end portion, wherein the four input ports 31 are distributed on the outer side, and the other input port 31 is disposed in the middle, each of which A passage 33 is provided in communication between the input port 31 and the output port 32.
  • the plurality of passages 33 are disposed in communication with each other at their respective lower ends, so that the passages 33 are distributed in a three-dimensional tree shape in the guiding device 3, and then pass through
  • the consumable supply assembly is provided with a plurality of motors, each of which conveys the molding material into the guiding device, and the purpose of the present invention is also achieved by the guiding device 3.
  • the print head assembly of the present embodiment can perform multi-material three-dimensional imaging by using a multi-print design.
  • the print head assembly includes a print head 41 and a second print head 42, and the print head 41 is used for extruding.
  • the molding material 151, the print head 42 is used for the extrusion molding material 152, in the embodiment, the consumable supply component can directly input the molding material into the printing head, and the printing method embodiment can be applied to realize the invention. the goal of.
  • the molding material with different metal materials is separately printed by the consumable supply component and the print head assembly, and the principle of extrusion imaging of the printing head is adopted, and the three-dimensional printing is performed by the FDM molding method, and the molding efficiency is high. Low, in turn, enables three-dimensional model printing of multi-metal materials that can form three-dimensional models with new metal properties.
  • the molding material in the above embodiment can be formed into a three-dimensional forming wire in the present embodiment by wire drawing.
  • the following examples specifically describe how the three-dimensional forming wire is produced and distributed in this case.
  • the three-dimensional forming wire comprises a metal material, a binder, a dispersing agent, a flexibility enhancer and a stabilizer, wherein the metal material accounts for 80% to 93% of the total weight of the three-dimensional forming wire. %; the binder accounts for 1% to 10% of the total weight of the three-dimensional shaped silk; the dispersant accounts for 0.1% to 5% of the total weight of the three-dimensional shaped silk; the flexibility enhancer accounts for the total of the three-dimensional shaped silk The weight percentage is 0.1 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 to 5 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ; the stabilizer accounts for 0.1% to 1% by weight of the total weight of the three-dimensional shaped filament.
  • the metal material is Fe/Ni metal material (iron-nickel alloy), Wc/Co/Cu metal material (tungsten carbide/cobalt/copper alloy), YBa 2 Cu 3 0 7 metal material (yttrium copper oxide) SiC metal material (carbonization) Silicon), Si 3 N 4 metal material (silicon nitride), Si/Al metal material (silicon aluminum alloy), Al 2 0 3 /Tic metal material (alumina/titanium carbide composite), iron metal material, cobalt metal Materials, molybdenum metal materials, chrome metal materials, base metal materials, nickel metal materials, manganese metal materials, tungsten metal materials, copper metal materials, aluminum metal materials.
  • Fe/Ni metal material iron-nickel alloy
  • Wc/Co/Cu metal material tungsten carbide/cobalt/copper alloy
  • YBa 2 Cu 3 0 7 metal material yttrium copper oxide) SiC metal material (carbonization) Silicon
  • Si 3 N 4 metal material silicon nitride
  • the binder is paraffin-based adhesive, beeswax, stearic acid, carnauba wax, ethylene-ethyl acrylate, styrene acrylonitrile (SAN) resin, acrylonitrile - styrene - butadiene copolymer (ABS) resin, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene glycol diacrylate, dipropylene glycol, acrylic acid ester, 2-pyrrolidone, polybutylene terephthalate, ethyl Cellulose, acetate, hydroxypropylcellulose, low nitrogen nitrocellulose, ethylene-butene cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, nylon.
  • SAN styrene acrylonitrile
  • ABS acrylonitrile - styrene - butadiene copolymer
  • PBT polybutylene terephthalate
  • PBT poly
  • the dispersing agent is at least one of the following: polyamide (PA), polyoxymethylene (POM)
  • the stabilizer is a zinc oxide-based heat stabilizer.
  • the flexibility enhancer is a mixture of dioctyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate, and the weight percentage of dioctyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate is 0.1: 1 to 10: 1.
  • the metal material occupies a weight percentage of 85% to 90%; the binder occupies 4% to 9% by weight; the dispersant occupies 0.5% to 3% by weight; the flexibility enhancer The percentage by weight is 0.5% to 3%; the percentage by weight of the stabilizer is 0.5% to 0.8%.
  • the method of manufacturing the three-dimensional shaped wire of the present embodiment includes the following steps.
  • the preparation step S1 is performed to obtain 80 parts of an iron-nickel alloy (Fe/Ni) metal material, 10 parts of a paraffin-based binder, 0.5 part of a polyamide dispersant, and 0.5 parts of flexibility enhancement. And 0.5 part of zinc oxide heat stabilizer.
  • the flexibility enhancer is a mixture of dioctyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate, and the weight percentage of dioctyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate is 1:1.
  • the drawing step S3 is performed, and the extruded material is drawn by a wire drawing machine to obtain a filamentous material.
  • the filamentous material 35 may be in the form of a straight line, and is subjected to bending deformation by an external force, and at the same time, the filamentous material 35 does not break after the bending deformation.
  • a cooling step is further included after the drawing step, and the filamentous material is cooled to room temperature in the cooling step.
  • the wire material after drawing is 1.75 mm ⁇ 0.05 mm in diameter.
  • the winding step S4 is performed, and since the filamentous material 35 can be bent and deformed, the filamentous material 35 can be curled on the filament tray.
  • the three-dimensional printer of this embodiment includes a printing platform, a print head, and a three-dimensional forming wire.
  • the print head is movable in a three-dimensional direction with respect to the printing platform, and the three-dimensional forming wire is wound around the wire tray of the FDM three-dimensional printer.
  • the molding method of the three-dimensional printer of this embodiment includes a preliminary molding step and a sintering step, and the three-dimensionally shaped filament is a three-dimensionally formed filament of the present embodiment.
  • the print head melts the three-dimensional shaped wire and forms a preliminary solidified object on the printing platform layer by layer, and the melting temperature of the three-dimensional shaped wire in the print head is 180. C to 350. C.
  • the preliminary solidified object obtained above is placed in a vacuum environment and sintered at a high temperature of 1200 ° C to form a three-dimensional object, and the density of the formed object is 7.70.
  • the specific process of the sintering step can be referred to the process of the existing metal powder sintering process.
  • the method of manufacturing the three-dimensional shaped wire of the present embodiment includes the following steps.
  • the preparation step is performed: obtaining 85 parts of iron-nickel alloy (Fe/Ni) metal material, 10 parts of beeswax bonding ij, 0.3 parts of polyoxymethylene dispersant, 0.7 parts of flexibility enhancer and 0.2 parts of zinc oxide heat stabilizer.
  • the flexibility enhancer is a mixture of dioctyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate, and the weight percentage of dioctyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate is 0.3:1.
  • the extruded material is drawn by a wire drawing machine to obtain a filamentous material, in a preferred In the way of implementation.
  • a cooling step is also included after the drawing step, and the filamentous material is cooled to room temperature in the cooling step.
  • the winding step is performed to crimp the filamentous material onto the filament tray.
  • the three-dimensional printer of this embodiment includes a printing platform, a print head, and a three-dimensional forming wire.
  • the print head is movable in a three-dimensional direction with respect to the printing platform, and the three-dimensional forming wire is wound around the wire tray of the FDM three-dimensional printer.
  • the molding method of the three-dimensional printer of this embodiment includes a preliminary molding step and a sintering step, and the three-dimensionally shaped filament is a three-dimensionally formed filament of the present embodiment.
  • the print head melts the three-dimensional shaped wire and forms a preliminary solidified object on the printing platform layer by layer, and the melting temperature of the three-dimensional shaped wire in the print head is 200. C to 300. C.
  • the preliminary solidified object obtained above is placed in a vacuum environment and sintered at a high temperature of 1200 ° C to form a three-dimensional object, and the density of the formed object is 7.74.
  • the specific process of the sintering step can be referred to the process of the existing metal powder sintering process.
  • the preparation step 90 parts of iron-nickel alloy (Fe/Ni) metal powder material, 10 parts of beeswax binder, 0.4 parts of polyoxymethylene dispersant, 0.6 parts of flexibility enhancer, and 0.3 parts of zinc oxide heat are obtained. stabilizer.
  • the flexibility enhancer is a mixture of dioctyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate, and the weight percentage of dioctyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate is 0.5:1.
  • the preparation step 80 parts of iron-nickel alloy (Fe/Ni) metal powder material, 10 parts of ethylene ethyl acrylate binder, 0.3 parts of polypropylene dispersant, 0.7 parts of flexibility enhancer, and 0.2 parts were obtained.
  • Zinc oxide is thermally stable and 1J.
  • the flexibility enhancer is a mixture of dioctyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate, and the weight percentage of dioctyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate is 0.3:1.
  • the density of the formed object is 7.75.
  • the preparation step obtaining 85 parts of iron-nickel alloy (Fe/Ni) metal material, 10 parts of stearic acid bonding Qi ij, 0.3 parts of polyoxymethylene dispersant, 0.7 parts of flexibility enhancer and 0.4 parts of zinc oxide heat stabilizer.
  • the flexibility enhancer is a mixture of dioctyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate, and the weight percentage of dioctyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate is 0.8:1.
  • the density of the formed object is 7.74.
  • the preparation step obtaining 85 parts of iron-nickel alloy (Fe/Ni) metal material, 10 parts of stearic acid bonded ij, 0.3 parts of polyethylene dispersant, 0.7 parts of flexibility enhancer, and 0.5 parts of oxidation Zinc heat stabilizer.
  • the flexibility enhancer is a mixture of dioctyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate, and the weight percentage of dioctyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate is 1.2:1.
  • the density of the formed object is 7.80.
  • the partial parameter data of the seventh to ninth embodiments of the three-dimensional shaped filament is as shown in FIG.
  • the preparation step obtaining 93 parts of iron-nickel alloy (Fe/Ni) metal material, 6 parts of stearic acid binder, 0.5 part of silicone powder lubricant, 0.5 part of flexibility enhancer, and 0.5 part of oxidation Zinc heat stabilizer.
  • the flexibility enhancer is 3. TPE (Thermoplastic Elastomer) material, for example, 3. Styrene elastomer. Since the TPE material is a thermoplastic elastomer material, the use of a TPE material as a flexibility increasing agent can improve the flexibility of the three-dimensional shaped wire.
  • the density of the object after molding in this embodiment was 7.70.
  • the preparation step obtaining 93 parts of iron-nickel alloy (Fe/Ni) metal material, 6 parts of stearic acid binder, 0.5 part of silicone powder lubricant, 0.5 part of flexibility enhancer, and 0.5 part of oxidation Zinc heat stabilizer.
  • the flexibility enhancer is a 45° TPE material, for example, a 45° styrene elastomer.
  • the density of the object after molding in this example was 7.78.
  • TPE materials of different degrees are used, wherein the TPE material of 3° is relatively soft, and the TPE material of 45° is harder than the TPE material of 3°.
  • Fig. 9 shows partial parameters of the tenth embodiment and the eleventh embodiment.
  • the bending strength of the three-dimensional shaped wire is greater than 6.9 MPa, thereby realizing the bending deformation of the metal-based three-dimensional forming wire without breaking.
  • sample sampling was performed on the three-dimensional forming wire obtained in the eleventh embodiment, and the samples were tested in accordance with the standard ASTM D790-07.
  • the shape of the sample is: 127.00 mm (mm) long, 12.70 mm (mm) wide, and 3.20 mm (mm) thick.
  • the speed of the sample test was linear speed: 10.0 mm / min (mm / mi n). The test results of the sample are shown in Figure 11.
  • the bending strength of the three-dimensional shaped wire is more than 36 MPa, thereby realizing the bending deformation of the metal-based three-dimensional forming wire without breaking.
  • the three-dimensional shaped filament of the present invention does not comprise a heat stabilizer and is still capable of accomplishing the object of the invention, that is, in the absence of a heat stabilizer, a three-dimensional shaped filament
  • the bending strength can be achieved and coiled onto the wire tray.
  • the component of the three-dimensional shaped filament further includes a magnetic material such as triiron tetroxide.
  • a magnetic material such as triiron tetroxide.
  • the magnetic material powder It is added and mixed together with other raw materials such as a binder.
  • the components of the three-dimensional shaped filament may also include a colorant or dye such that the filaments have different colors.
  • the flexibility enhancer is, for example, a plasticizer
  • the plasticizer is, for example, a compound of a phthalate (or a phthalate)
  • the phthalate plasticizer includes: Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP or DnOP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di-octyl phthalate ( DC P), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP), etc.
  • DEHP Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
  • DNOP or DnOP di-n-octyl phthalate
  • BBP butyl benzyl phthalate
  • DC P di-octyl phthalate
  • DCHP dicyclohexyl phthalate
  • the density between the metal material and the binder is far apart, it is difficult to form a uniform mixing effect, and the addition of the dispersing agent in the component can play a good role in the uniform mixing of the raw materials.
  • the metal material powder and the binder of the present invention form a silk material, since the silk material has a large brittleness, it is likely to be broken at the time of bending, and a flexibility enhancer such as a plasticizer is added to the composition. The flexibility or bending strength is improved, and the above characterization results can be explained.
  • the molecular weight of the polymer molecule is a wide range, which causes the melting temperature of the three-dimensional forming wire to appear.
  • a wide range of fluctuations such as melting temperatures in the range of 200 ° C to 230 ° C, and the addition of a heat stabilizer, can limit the melting temperature of the three-dimensional forming wire to a small range, such as 200 ° C Between 2 05 °C.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, such as a bending strength greater than 6.9 MPa.
  • a design having a bending strength of more than 6.5 MPa is also within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
  • the three-dimensional forming wire provided by the present invention contains a large amount of a substrate such as metal or glass, and the metal is used as a substrate, the three-dimensional forming wire of the present invention can be used for a three-dimensional printing process of metal. Moreover, since the flexibility enhancer is added to the yarn, the yarn has good bending strength, the bending of the yarn can be realized, and the yarn can be bent into a disk shape, which is advantageous for the procedure of the yarn.
  • the invention makes the metal material into a flexible metal wire material, and can form a three-dimensional object at a temperature generally set by the FDM three-dimensional printer, thereby greatly improving the forming efficiency of the metal three-dimensional object.
  • This filamentary material allows the bending of the wire-like material, and the bending moment does not break, which is a breakthrough in the application of the FDM three-dimensional printer.
  • the printing of the three-dimensional object by using the silk material of the invention can manufacture the object of the metal material, and the filament material of the invention is applied by using the FDM three-dimensional printer after the molding process of the metal three-dimensional object of the traditional process. Molding, molding efficiency is significantly improved, and the cost is low, which in turn enables three-dimensional model printing of multi-metal materials, which can form a three-dimensional model with new metal properties.

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Abstract

一种熔融沉积成型的金属三维打印机(1),包括打印头组件(14)、成型座(132)、移动组件和耗材供给组件,耗材供给组件用于驱动第一成型材料(151)和第二成型材料(152)输送到打印头组件中,第一成型材料和第二成型材料中的至少一个包括金属材料和粘结剂,打印头组件用于在成型座上挤出第一成型材料和/或第二成型材料。以及该金属三维打印机执行的打印方法。通过耗材供给组件和打印头组件利用FDM的成型方式分别打印具有不同金属材料的成型材料,其成型效率高成本低,能够实现多金属材料的三维模型打印。

Description

说明书 发明名称:一种熔融沉积成型的金属三维打印机及其打印方法 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及金属三维打印领域, 尤其涉及一种熔融沉积成型的金属三维打印机 及其打印方法。 本发明是基于申请日为 2016年 9月 30日、 申请号为 CN
201610877106.9的中国发明专利申请, 上述发明的内容引入本文作为参考。
背景技术
[0002] 3D打印机又称三维打印机, 是一种利用快速成型技术的机器, 以数字模型文件 为基础, 采用成型材料, 通过逐层打印的方式来构造三维的实体。 在打印前, 需要利用计算机建模软件建模, 再将建成的三维模型 "分区 "成逐层的截面, 即切 片, 从而指导 3D打印机逐层打印。 3D打印机在产品制造业获得了广泛的应用, 3 D打印机的工作原理和传统打印机基本相同, 由控制组件、 机械组件、 打印头、 耗材 (即成型材料) 和介质等组成, 打印原理也基本类似。
[0003] 现有的一种常用打印方式是熔融沉积成型 (FDM), 其是通过在水平移动的打印 头挤出加热熔融后的成型材料, 并在成型座逐层叠堆形成三维模型。 另外一种 打印方式是激光烧结 (SLM), 其利用粉末激光烧结成型, 基本原理是用粉末铺设 一层后用激光烧结, 然后再用粉末铺设一层, 再激光烧结一次, 循环打印出三 维立体实物。
[0004] 然而上述两种打印方法都存在一定的局限性, 如需要大功率的激光头或者高温 熔化, 才能够实现金属打印, 这就需要三维打印设备非常专业的保护, 而且能 源消耗较多, 成本非常高。
技术问题
[0005] 针对上述的背景技术, 本发明的第一目的是提供一种采用熔融沉积成型方式实 现快速多种金属材料三维打印成型的金属三维打印机的打印方法。
[0006] 本发明的第二目的是提供一种采用熔融沉积成型方式实现快速金属材料三维打 印成型的金属三维打印机的打印方法。
[0007] 本发明的第三目的是提供一种采用熔融沉积成型方式实现快速多种金属材料三 维打印成型的金属三维打印机。
[0008] 技术解决手段
[0009] 为了实现本发明的第一目的, 本发明提供一种熔融沉积成型的金属三维打印机 的打印方法, 金属三维打印机包括打印头组件、 成型座、 移动组件和耗材供给 组件, 移动组件用于移动打印头组件, 耗材供给组件用于驱动第一成型材料和 第二成型材料输送到打印头组件中, 第一成型材料和第二成型材料中的至少一 个包括金属材料和粘结剂, 打印方法包括: 打印头组件在成型座上挤出第一成 型材料和 /或第二成型材料。
[0010] 更进一步的方案是, 第一成型材料的熔点低于第二成型材料的沸点; 打印头组 件在成型座上挤出第一成型材料和 /或第二成型材料的步骤包括: 打印头组件在 成型座上挤出第一成型材料; 打印头组件在第一成型材料上挤出第二成像材。
[0011] 更进一步的方案是, 第一成型材料的熔点低于第二成型材料的沸点; 打印头组 件在成型座上挤出第一成型材料和 /或第二成型材料的步骤包括: 第一成型材料 和第二成型材料在打印头组件内混合后形成混合成型材料; 打印头组件在成型 座上挤出成型材料。
[0012] 更进一步的方案是, 第一成型材料的熔点高于第二成型材料的熔点; 打印头组 件在成型座上挤出第一成型材料和 /或第二成型材料的步骤包括: 支撑部位打印 步骤, 打印头组件在成型座上挤出第一成型材料; 实体部位打印步骤, 打印头 组件在第一成型材料上挤出第二成型材料。
[0013] 为了实现本发明的第二目的, 本发明提供一种熔融沉积成型的金属三维打印机 的打印方法, 金属三维打印机包括打印头组件、 成型座、 移动组件和耗材供给 组件, 移动组件用于移动打印头组件, 耗材供给组件用于驱动第一成型材料和 第二成型材料输送到打印头组件中, 第一成型材料包括金属材料和粘结剂, 第 二成型材料为支撑材料, 第一成型材料的熔点高于第二成型材料的熔点;打印方 法包括: 支撑部位打印步骤, 打印头组件在成型座上挤出第二成型材料; 实体 部位打印步骤, 打印头组件在第二成型材料上挤出第一成型材料。
[0014] 为了实现本发明的第三目的, 本发明提供一种熔融沉积成型的金属三维打印机 , 金属三维打印机包括打印头组件、 成型座、 移动组件和耗材供给组件, 移动 组件用于移动打印头组件, 耗材供给组件用于驱动第一成型材料和第二成型材 料输送到打印头组件中, 第一成型材料和第二成型材料中的至少一个包括金属 材料和粘结剂, 打印头组件用于在成型座上挤出第一成型材料和 /或第二成型材 料。
[0015] 更进一步的方案是, 金属打印机还包括连接在耗材供给组件和打印头组件之间 的引导装置, 引导装置设置有第一输入端、 第二输入端和输出端, 第一成型材 料输入至第一输入端, 第二成型材料输入至第二输入端, 输出端与打印头组件 连接, 第一输入端和输出端之间连通设置有第一通道, 第二输入端和输出端之 间连通设置有第二通道。
[0016] 更进一步的方案是, 打印头组件包括第一打印头和第二打印头, 第一打印头用 于挤出第一成型材料, 第二打印头用于挤出第二成型材料。
[0017] 更进一步的方案是, 第一成型材料包括第一金属材料和第一粘结剂, 第二成型 材料包括第二金属材料和第二粘结剂, 第一金属材料为锌基合金, 第二金属材 料为铝基合金或不锈钢合金。
[0018] 更进一步的方案是, 第一成型材料包括第一金属材料和第一粘结剂, 第二成型 材料为支撑材料, 第一金属材料为锌基合金, 支撑材料为树脂或聚乳酸。
问题的解决方案
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0019] 本发明的熔融沉积成型的金属三维打印机及其打印方法, 通过耗材供给组件和 打印头组件分别打印具有不同金属材料的成型材料, 同吋采用打印头挤出成像 的原理, 利用 FDM的成型方式进行三维打印, 其成型效率高成本低, 继而能够 实现多金属材料的三维模型打印,其能够形成具有新金属性能的三维模型。
[0020] 并且, 通过上述两种打印方式, 使得成型材料熔点相接近的两种或多种金属材 料实现金属三维打印, 在高温烧结后, 两种或多种金属相互融合, 能够形成金 属性能更为良好的金属三维模型。
[0021] 再者, 通过将第一成型材料作为支撑部位进行打印, 而第二成型材料作为实体 部分进行打印, 由于第一成型材料的熔点高于第二成型材料的熔点, 故在高温 烧结吋, 第二成型材料烧结固化, 而第一成型材料由于温度低还处于未固化或 还处于粉末状态, 所以清理和去除第一成型材料是较为容易的。
[0022] 以及, 支撑部位的打印可以通过支撑材料来成型, 其简单高效成本低, 在支撑 部位上挤出具有金属材料的成型材料, 利用 FDM的成型方式进行三维打印, 其 成型效率高成本低。
[0023] 而且, 通过耗材供给组件和打印头组件分别打印具有不同金属材料的成型材料 , 同吋采用打印头挤出成像的原理, 利用 FDM的成型方式进行三维打印, 其成 型效率高成本低, 继而能够实现多金属材料的三维模型打印,其能够形成具有新 金属性能的三维模型。
[0024] 并且, 通过引导装置的设置或多打印头的设置, 继而实现多种成型材料的挤出
, 其结构简单, 控制方便。
[0025] 以及, 锌基合金和铝基合金的熔点相接近, 其两金属材料融合打印后能够形成 金属性能良好的金属三维模型, 而锌基合金的熔点小于不锈钢合金的熔点, 故 不锈钢合金可以作为支撑部位进行打印, 烧结后可简易去除。
[0026] 再者, 利用支撑材料作为支撑部位打印, 在高温烧结后, 支撑材料将会气化排 出, 清洁和清除多余部位工作量减少, 继而实现更全面的金属三维打印功能。 对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0027] 图 1是本发明金属三维打印机第一实施例的结构图。
[0028] 图 2是本发明金属三维打印机第一实施例线中材轮、 耗材供给组件和引导装置 的连接示意图。
[0029] 图 3是是本发明金属三维打印机的打印方法第一实施例的原理示意图。
[0030] 图 4是本发明金属三维打印机第二实施例中引导装置的结构图。
[0031] 图 5是是本发明金属三维打印机的打印方法第二实施例的原理示意图。
[0032] 图 6是本发明三维成型丝料的制造方法实施例的流程图。
[0033] 图 7是本发明三维成型丝料的制造方法实施例的螺杆挤出机和成型挤出机头的 结构图。
[0034] 图 8是三维成型丝料实施例的丝状材料处于直线状态和弯曲状态吋的示意图。 [0035] 图 9是三维成型第七至第十一实施例部分组分的图表。
[0036] 图 10是第一至第六实施例实验数据的图表。
[0037] 图 11是第十一实施例实验数据的图表。
[0038] 以下结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
具体实施方式
[0039] 金属三维打印机第一实施例:
[0040] 参照图 1, 三维打印机 1包括壳体 11, 壳体 11围成用于三维成像的空腔, 在该空 腔内安装有 X轴移动电机 121、 Y轴移动电机 122和 Z轴移动电机 (未标示), X轴移 动电机 121、 Y轴移动电机 122和 Z轴移动电机构成本实施例的移动组件, Z轴移动 电机安装在空腔的底部, 在 Z轴移动电机上连接有螺杆, 在空腔的底壁还安装有 导杆, 在导杆上安装有 Z轴移动支架 131, 在该 Z轴移动支架 131上设置有成型座 1 32, 由于 Z轴移动支架 131与螺杆螺纹啮合, 所以当 Z轴移动电机工作吋, 将带动 螺杆旋转, 继而使得成型座 132在 Z轴移动电机的驱动下在 Z轴方向上移动。
[0041] Y轴移动电机 122安装在空腔的侧壁上, 在侧壁上固定设置有导杆, 在导杆上设 置有 Y轴移动支架, Y轴移动电机通过皮带与 Y轴移动支架连接, 当 Y轴移动电机 122转动吋, 将通过皮带带动 Y轴移动支架沿着导杆滑动, 即 Y轴移动支架在 Y轴 移动电机 122的驱动下在 Y轴方向上移动。
[0042] 在 Y轴移动支架上安装有 X轴移动电机 121和两根导杆, 两根导杆分别设置在 X 轴移动电机 121的两侧, 在两根导杆上设置有打印头组件 14、 耗材供给组件和引 导装置 2。 当 X轴移动电机 121转动吋, 将通过皮带带动打印头组件 14沿着导杆滑 动, 即打印头组件 14在 X轴移动电机 121的驱动下在 X轴方向上移动。 X轴移动电 机 121、 Y轴移动电机 122和 Z轴移动电机组成了本实施例的移动电机组件。
[0043] 参照图 2, 壳体 11在空腔的背侧上设置有线材轮 161和线材轮 162, 线材轮 161上 卷绕有丝状的成型材料 151, 线材轮 162上卷绕有丝状的成型材料 152, 在本实施 例中, 成型材料 151和成型材料 152均包括金属材料和粘结剂, 且成型材料 151的 熔点低于成型材料 152的沸点, 这样使得成型材料 151和成型材料 152的熔点相接 近, 在加热至熔融状态下, 其内含的金属材料能够相互融合, 不会发生一种金 属材料加热至沸点继而气化, 或不会发生一种金属材料处于熔融状态另外一种 金属材料仍然处于固态, 导致金属材料无法融合。
[0044] 耗材供给组件、 引导装置 2和打印头组件 14均安装在 X轴上的两根导杆上并一体 地沿该 X轴导杆和 Y轴导杆所形成的平面上移动。 耗材供给组件包括电机 171和电 机 172, 由于电机 171和电机 172结构相同, 所以下面以电机 171为例进行说明。 电机 171包括驱动轮 181和从动轮 191, 驱动轮 181之间从动轮 191夹持有丝状的成 型材料 151, 当驱动轮 181逆吋针转动吋, 可将丝状的成型材料 151自上而下地移 动, 当驱动轮 182顺吋针旋转吋, 可将丝状的成型材料 151自下而上地移动。 同 理, 在电机 172的驱动轮的逆吋针或顺吋针旋转吋, 可将丝状的成型材料 152往 上或往下地输送。 经过耗材供给组件驱动丝状的成型材料 151和丝状的成型材料 152后, 可将丝状的成型材料 151和丝状的成型材料 152输入到引导装置 2。
[0045] 参照图 3并结合图 2, 引导装置 2连接在耗材供给组件和打印头组件 14之间的, 引导装置 2包括壳体 21, 在壳体 21的上端部设置有输入端 23和输入端 24, 在壳体 21的下端部设置有输出端 215。 在输入端 23和输出端 215之间连通地幵设有通道 2 13, 在输入端 23和输出端 215之间连通地幵设有通道 214, 通道 213和通道 214均 为第一壳体 21和第二壳体 22在中部分别幵设的圆槽所围成。 通道 213和通道 214 在其各自的下端部相互连通地设置, 使得通道 213和通道 214呈 Y型树杈状地分布 。 在通道 213和通道 214靠近上端部的位置上分别安装有位置检测装置 (未表示), 位置检测装置可采用激光检测等常用的位置检测器, 通过位置检测装置可对成 型材料的位置进行检测, 并将位置检测的结果反馈至三维打印机中。
[0046] 打印头组件 14包括喷嘴 142和加热器 141, 加热器 141套在喷嘴 142外, 加热器 14 1可对喷嘴 142内的成型材料进行加热并使成型材料加热至熔融状态, 具体温度 大致在 150-200摄氏度, 其能够将粘结剂加热至熔融状态。 打印头组件的输入端 与输出端 215连通设置。
[0047] 金属三维打印机的打印方法第一实施例:
[0048] 应用上述金属三维打印机第一实施例, 即成型材料 151和成型材料 152均包括金 属材料和粘结剂, 且成型材料 151的熔点低于成型材料 152的沸点, 以及成型材 料 151和成型材料 152的熔点相接近。 [0049] 打印头组件 14在成型座上挤出成型材料 151和成型材料 152的步骤包括:
[0050] 首先, 耗材供给组件驱动成型材料 151进入至引导装置并驱动, 并驱动至打印 头组件 14中, 继而加热, 然后打印头组件 14在成型座上挤出一层成型材料 151,
[0051] 随后, 成型座下降预设距离后, 打印头组件 14在成型材料 151上挤出一层成型 材料 152。 继而实现不同层采用不同金属材料进行三维模型打印。
[0052] 打印完毕后, 从成型座取出, 将进行高温烧结, 两种金属材料相互熔融混合, 形成具有新的金属性能的金属三维模型。
[0053] 将两种金属材料相互融合打印, 还可以先在打印头内进行混合, 具体为, 成型 材料 151和成型材料 152在打印头组件内混合后形成混合成型材料, 在一并从打 印头挤出继而形成混合金属三维打印。
[0054] 金属三维打印机的打印方法第二实施例:
[0055] 在打印方法第一实施例的应用基础上, 参照图 3, 在打印一层模型吋, 可以根 据实际模型设计随吋切换打印的成型材料, 即一层模型同吋采用成型材料 151和 成型材料 152进行打印。
[0056] 上述打印方法第一实施例和第二实施例, 其优选的金属材料为, 成型材料 151 的金属材料为锌基合金, 锌基合金的熔点在 450-480摄氏度, 成型材料 152的金属 材料为铝基合金, 锌基合金的熔点温度在 580-650摄氏度。
[0057] 金属三维打印机的打印方法第三实施例:
[0058] 又或者只采用一种成型材料, 即打印头组件 14在成型座上打印一种成型材料并 使其成三维模型。
[0059] 金属三维打印机的打印方法第四实施例:
[0060] 应用上述金属三维打印机第一实施例, 并对成型材料的性质做出调整, 具体为 , 成型材料 151和成型材料 152均包括金属材料和粘结剂, 且成型材料 151的熔点 高于成型材料 152的沸点。 其优选的金属材料为, 成型材料 152的金属材料为锌 基合金, 锌基合金的熔点在 450-480摄氏度, 成型材料 151的金属材料为不锈钢合 金, 不锈钢合金的熔点温度在 1200-1300摄氏度。
[0061] 打印头组件 14在成型座上挤出成型材料 151和成型材料 152的步骤包括:
[0062] 在需要打印一些需要支撑结构的三维模型吋, 首先先进行支撑部位的打印, 耗 材供给组件驱动成型材料 151进入至引导装置并驱动, 并驱动至打印头组件 14中 , 继而加热, 然后打印头组件 14在成型座上挤出成型材料 151, 将成型材料 151 作为支撑部位, 来支撑成型材料 152的打印。
[0063] 随后执行实体部位的打印, 成型座下降预设距离后, 打印头组件 14在成型材料 151上挤出成型材料 152, 继而实现支撑部位和实体部位的配合打印。
[0064] 打印完毕后, 从成型座取出, 将进行高温烧结, 由于实体部位是成型材料 152 , 故加热至成型材料 152熔融温度即可, 而成型材料 151由于温度低还处于未固 化或还处于粉末状态, 所以清理和去除成型材料 151是较为容易的。
[0065] 金属三维打印机的打印方法第五实施例:
[0066] 上述实施例的成型材料均含有金属材料, 本实施例采用的方案是, 成型材料 15 1包括金属材料和粘结剂, 金属材料可采用锌基合金, 成型材料 152为支撑材料 , 支撑材料可采用 ABS树脂或 PLA聚乳酸, 成型材料 151的熔点高于所述成型材 料 152的熔点。
[0067] 打印头组件 14在成型座上挤出成型材料 151和成型材料 152的步骤包括:
[0068] 在需要打印一些需要支撑结构的三维模型吋, 首先先进行支撑部位的打印, 耗 材供给组件驱动成型材料 152进入至引导装置并驱动, 并驱动至打印头组件 14中
, 继而加热, 然后打印头组件 14在成型座上挤出成型材料 152, 将成型材料 152 作为支撑部位, 来支撑成型材料 151的打印。
[0069] 随后执行实体部位的打印, 成型座下降预设距离后, 打印头组件 14在成型材料
152上挤出成型材料 151, 继而实现支撑部位和实体部位的配合打印。
[0070] 打印完毕后, 从成型座取出, 将进行高温烧结, 由于实体部位是成型材料 151
, 故需加热至成型材料 151熔融温度, 而为 ABS树脂或 PLA聚乳酸的支撑材料将 会气化排出, 所以清理和去除成型材料 152是较为容易的。
[0071] 金属三维打印机的打印方法第六实施例:
[0072] 除了不同金属材料的混合打印外, 还可以采用金属材料与非金属材料之间的混 合打印, 具体为, 第一成型材料包括第一金属材料和第一粘结剂, 第二成型材 料采用非金属材料, 如可采用陶瓷墨水, 其用于色彩的成像, 或者可采用永磁 材料、 陶瓷粉末或稀土粉末等, 用于改良金属特性。 [0073] 金属三维打印机第二实施例:
[0074] 参照图 4, 图 4是引导装置 3从输入端口朝向输出端口视角下的结构图。 弓 I导装 置 3在上端部设置有五个输入端口 31, 引导装置 3在下端部设置有输出端口 32, 其中四个输入端口 31分布在靠外侧, 另外一个输入端口 31设置在中部, 每一个 输入端口 31和输出端口 32之间连通地幵设有通道 33, 多个通道 33在其各自的下 端部相互连通地设置, 使得通道 33呈立体树杈状地分布在引导装置 3中, 再通过 耗材供给组件设置多个电机, 多个电机分别输送成型材料进入引导装置中, 利 用引导装置 3是同样可实现本发明的目的。
[0075] 金属三维打印机第三实施例:
[0076] 参照图 5, 本实施例的打印头组件可采用多打印设计方案进行多材料三维成像 , 具体为, 打印头组件包括打印头 41和第二打印头 42, 打印头 41用于挤出所述 成型材料 151, 打印头 42用于挤出成型材料 152, 在本实施例中可采用耗材供给 组件直接将成型材料输入至打印头中, 并应用上述打印方法实施例, 便可实现 本发明的目的。
[0077] 由上可见, 通过耗材供给组件和打印头组件分别打印具有不同金属材料的成型 材料, 同吋采用打印头挤出成像的原理, 利用 FDM的成型方式进行三维打印, 其成型效率高成本低, 继而能够实现多金属材料的三维模型打印,其能够形成具 有新金属性能的三维模型。
[0078] 三维成型丝料的制造方法实施例和三维成型丝料实施例:
[0079] 上述实施例中的成型材料通过丝状拉伸制作便可形成本实施例中的三维成型丝 料, 以下实施例具体讲述本案三维成型丝料是如何制作而成和成分配比。
[0080] 本发明提供的三维成型丝料包括有金属材料、 粘结剂、 分散剂、 柔韧性增强剂 以及稳定剂, 其中, 金属材料占三维成型丝料的总重量的百分比是 80%至 93%; 粘结剂占三维成型丝料的总重量百分比是 1%至 10%; 分散剂占三维成型丝料的 总重量百分比是 0.1%至 5%; 柔韧性增强剂占三维成型丝料的总重量百分比是 0.1 <¾至5<¾; 稳定剂占三维成型丝料的总重量百分比是 0.1%至 1%。
[0081] 优选地, 金属材料为 Fe/Ni金属材料 (铁镍合金) 、 Wc/Co/Cu金属材料 (碳化 钨 /钴 /铜合金) 、 YBa 2Cu 30 7金属材料 (钇钡铜氧化物) 、 SiC金属材料 (碳化 硅) 、 Si 3N 4金属材料 (氮化硅) 、 Si/Al金属材料 (硅铝合金) 、 Al 20 3/Tic金 属材料 (氧化铝 /碳化钛复合材料) 、 铁金属材料、 钴金属材料、 钼金属材料、 铬金属材料、 铌金属材料、 镍金属材料、 锰金属材料、 钨金属材料、 铜金属材 料、 铝金属材料。
[0082] 优选地, 粘结剂为石蜡基粘结剂、 蜂蜡、 硬脂酸、 巴西棕榈蜡、 乙烯丙烯酸乙 酯、 苯乙烯丙烯腈 (SAN) 树脂、 丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物 (ABS) 树脂、 聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯 (PBT) 、 聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、 二丙二醇甲谜醋酸酯、 2-吡咯烷酮、 聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、 乙基纤维素、 醋酸纤维、 羟丙基纤维素、 低氮硝化纤维素、 乙烯-丁烯纤维素、 聚乙烯缩丁醛、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、 聚苯乙烯、 尼龙。
[0083] 优选地, 分散剂为以下物质中的至少一种: 聚酰胺 (PA) 、 聚甲醛 (POM)
、 聚丙烯 (PP) 、 聚乙烯 (PE) 、 乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物 (EVA) 、 聚丙烯酸酯 (PEA) 。 稳定剂为氧化锌类热稳定剂。
[0084] 优选地, 柔韧性增强剂为邻苯二甲酸二辛脂和邻苯二甲酸二丁脂的混合物, 邻 苯二甲酸二辛脂和邻苯二甲酸二丁脂的重量百分比为 0.1 : 1至 10: 1。
[0085] 优选地, 金属材料占据的重量百分比是 85%至 90%; 粘结剂占据的重量百分比 是 4%至 9%; 分散剂占据的重量百分比是 0.5%至 3%; 柔韧性增强剂占据的重量 百分比是 0.5%至 3%; 稳定剂占据的重量百分比是 0.5%至 0.8%。
[0086] 第一实施例:
[0087] 本实施例的三维成型丝料的制造方法包括下面的步骤。
[0088] 如图 3所示, 首先, 执行准备步骤 Sl, 取得 80份铁镍合金 (Fe/Ni) 金属材料、 10份石蜡基粘结剂、 0.5份聚酰胺分散剂、 0.5份柔韧性增强剂和 0.5份氧化锌热稳 定剂。 其中, 柔韧性增强剂为邻苯二甲酸二辛脂和邻苯二甲酸二丁脂的混合物 , 且邻苯二甲酸二辛脂和邻苯二甲酸二丁脂的重量百分比为 1 : 1。
[0089] 然后, 执行挤出步骤 S2, 把上述金属材料、 粘结剂、 分散剂、 柔韧性增强剂 和稳定剂通过螺杆挤出机, 并且经过成型挤出机头在 100°C至 250°C下挤出得到挤 出材料。 如图 4所示, 各组份原料经加料口 30加入到螺杆挤出机 31内, 螺杆 32持 续搅动各组份原料以达到混合均匀的目的, 然后经过成型挤出机头 33挤出得到 挤出材料 34。
[0090] 接着, 执行拉丝步骤 S3, 挤出材料利用拉丝机拉丝得到丝状材料。 如图 5所 示, 是丝状材料 35可以是直线形式, 并且在外力作用发生弯曲变形, 同吋, 在 弯曲变形后这种丝状材料 35不会发生断裂。 在优选的实施方式中, 在拉丝步骤 后还包括冷却步骤, 在冷却步骤中把丝状材料冷却至室温。 拉丝后的丝状材料 的直径为 1.75毫米 ±0.05毫米。
[0091] 最后, 执行卷丝步骤 S4, 由于这种丝状材料 35可以弯曲变形, 因此可以把丝状 材料 35卷曲在丝料盘上。
[0092] 本实施例的三维打印机包括打印平台、 打印头和三维成型丝料, 打印头可相对 于打印平台在三维方向上移动, 三维成型丝料缠绕在 FDM三维打印机的丝料盘 上。 本实施例的三维打印机的具体结构特征和工作原理请参见背景技术部分。 本实施例的三维打印机的成型方法包括初步成型步骤和烧结步骤, 三维成型丝 料采用本实施例的三维成型丝料。
[0093] 在初步成型步骤中, 打印头把三维成型丝料熔融后逐层成型在打印平台上形成 初步固化物体, 且三维成型丝料在打印头内的熔融温度为 180。C至 350。C。
[0094] 在烧结步骤中, 把上述得到的初步固化物体放置在真空环境下、 1200°C高温环 境下烧结固化, 最终完成三维物体的成型, 成型后的物体的密度值为 7.70。 烧结 步骤的具体工艺可参见现有的金属粉末烧结工艺的过程。
[0095] 第二实施例:
[0096] 本实施例的三维成型丝料的制造方法包括下面的步骤。
[0097] 首先, 执行准备步骤: 取得 85份铁镍合金 (Fe/Ni) 金属材料、 10份蜂蜡粘结 齐 ij、 0.3份聚甲醛分散剂、 0.7份柔韧性增强剂和 0.2份氧化锌热稳定剂。 其中, 柔 韧性增强剂为邻苯二甲酸二辛脂和邻苯二甲酸二丁脂的混合物, 且邻苯二甲酸 二辛脂和邻苯二甲酸二丁脂的重量百分比为 0.3: 1。
[0098] 然后, 执行挤出步骤, 把上述金属材料、 粘结剂、 分散剂、 柔韧性增强剂和 稳定剂通过螺杆挤出机, 并且经过成型挤出机头在 160°C至 190°C下挤出得到挤出 材料。
[0099] 接着, 执行拉丝步骤, 挤出材料利用拉丝机拉丝得到丝状材料, 在优选的实 施方式中。 在拉丝步骤后还包括冷却步骤, 在冷却步骤中把丝状材料冷却至室 温。
[0100] 最后, 执行卷丝步骤, 把丝状材料卷曲在丝料盘上。
[0101] 本实施例的三维打印机包括打印平台、 打印头和三维成型丝料, 打印头可相对 于打印平台在三维方向上移动, 三维成型丝料缠绕在 FDM三维打印机的丝料盘 上。 本实施例的三维打印机的具体结构特征和工作原理请参见背景技术部分。 本实施例的三维打印机的成型方法包括初步成型步骤和烧结步骤, 三维成型丝 料采用本实施例的三维成型丝料。
[0102] 在初步成型步骤中, 打印头把三维成型丝料熔融后逐层成型在打印平台上形成 初步固化物体, 且三维成型丝料在打印头内的熔融温度为 200。C至 300。C。
[0103] 在烧结步骤中, 把上述得到的初步固化物体放置在真空环境下、 1200°C高温环 境下烧结固化, 最终完成三维物体的成型, 成型后的物体的密度值为 7.74。 烧结 步骤的具体工艺可参见现有的金属粉末烧结工艺的过程。
[0104] 第三实施例:
[0105] 在执行准备步骤中, 取得 90份铁镍合金 (Fe/Ni) 金属粉末材料、 10份蜂蜡粘 结剂、 0.4份聚甲醛分散剂、 0.6份柔韧性增强剂和 0.3份氧化锌热稳定剂。 其中, 柔韧性增强剂为邻苯二甲酸二辛脂和邻苯二甲酸二丁脂的混合物, 且邻苯二甲 酸二辛脂和邻苯二甲酸二丁脂的重量百分比为 0.5: 1。 成型后的物体的密度值为
7.82。
[0106] 其它步骤与上述第二实施例相同, 不再赘述。
[0107] 第四实施例:
[0108] 在执行准备步骤中, 取得 80份铁镍合金 (Fe/Ni) 金属粉末材料、 10份乙烯丙 烯酸乙酯粘结剂、 0.3份聚丙烯分散剂、 0.7份柔韧性增强剂和 0.2份氧化锌热稳定 齐 1J。 其中, 柔韧性增强剂为邻苯二甲酸二辛脂和邻苯二甲酸二丁脂的混合物, 且邻苯二甲酸二辛脂和邻苯二甲酸二丁脂的重量百分比为 0.3: 1。 成型后的物体 的密度值为 7.75。
[0109] 第五实施例:
[0110] 在执行准备步骤中: 取得 85份铁镍合金 (Fe/Ni) 金属材料、 10份硬脂酸粘结 齐 ij、 0.3份聚甲醛分散剂、 0.7份柔韧性增强剂和 0.4份氧化锌热稳定剂。 其中, 柔 韧性增强剂为邻苯二甲酸二辛脂和邻苯二甲酸二丁脂的混合物, 且邻苯二甲酸 二辛脂和邻苯二甲酸二丁脂的重量百分比为 0.8: 1。 成型后的物体的密度值为 7. 74。
[0111] 第六实施例:
[0112] 在执行准备步骤中: 取得 85份铁镍合金 (Fe/Ni) 金属材料、 10份硬脂酸粘结 齐 ij、 0.3份聚乙烯分散剂、 0.7份柔韧性增强剂和 0.5份氧化锌热稳定剂。 其中, 柔 韧性增强剂为邻苯二甲酸二辛脂和邻苯二甲酸二丁脂的混合物, 且邻苯二甲酸 二辛脂和邻苯二甲酸二丁脂的重量百分比为 1.2: 1。 成型后的物体的密度值为 7. 80。
[0113] 三维成型丝料的第七实施例至第九实施例的部分参数数据如图 9所示。
[0114] 第七实施例至第九实施例的未述及的其它步骤和参数与第一实施例相同, 不再 赘述。
[0115] 第十实施例:
[0116] 在执行准备步骤中: 取得 93份铁镍合金 (Fe/Ni) 金属材料、 6份硬脂酸粘结剂 、 0.5份硅酮粉润滑剂、 0.5份柔韧性增强剂和 0.5份氧化锌热稳定剂。 其中, 柔韧 性增强剂为 3。的 TPE (Thermoplastic Elastomer) 材料, 例如, 3。的苯乙烯类弹性 体。 由于 TPE材料是一种热塑性弹性体材料, 使用 TPE材料作为柔韧性增加剂, 可以提高三维成型丝料的柔韧性。 本实施例成型后的物体的密度值为 7.70。
[0117] 第十一实施例:
[0118] 在执行准备步骤中: 取得 93份铁镍合金 (Fe/Ni) 金属材料、 6份硬脂酸粘结剂 、 0.5份硅酮粉润滑剂、 0.5份柔韧性增强剂和 0.5份氧化锌热稳定剂。 其中, 柔韧 性增强剂为 45°的 TPE材料, 例如, 45°的苯乙烯类弹性体。 本实施例成型后的物 体的密度值为 7.78。
[0119] 第十实施例与第十一实施例中, 采用不同度数的 TPE材料, 其中, 3°的 TPE材 料较为柔软, 45°的 TPE材料比 3°的 TPE材料硬度大。 图 9示出了第十实施例与第 十一实施例的部分参数。
[0120] 对上述第一实施例至第六实施例得到的三维成型丝料进行样本采样, 对这些样 本按照标准 GB/T9341-2008进行测试。 样本的形状为: 长 80.00毫米 (mm), 宽 10 .00毫米 (mm),厚 4.11毫米 (mm)。 样本测试的速度采用线速度: 10.0毫米 /分钟 (mm/min)。 样本测试的跨度为 66毫米 (mm) 。 样本的测试结果如图 10所示。
[0121] 从图 10可见, 在上述实验条件下, 三维成型丝料的弯曲强度大于 6.9MPa, 从而 实现了金属基三维成型丝料的弯曲变形且不会折断。
[0122] 另外, 对第十一实施例等到的三维成型丝料进行样本采样, 对这些样本按照标 准 ASTM D790-07进行测试。 样本的形状为: 长 127.00毫米 (mm), 宽 12.70毫米 (mm),厚 3.20毫米 (mm)。 样本测试的速度采用线速度: 10.0毫米 /分钟 (mm/mi n)。 样本的测试结果如图 11所示。
[0123] 从图 11可见, 在上述实验条件下, 三维成型丝料的弯曲强度大于 36MPa, 从而 实现了金属基三维成型丝料的弯曲变形且不会折断。
[0124] 在其它的实施方式中, 本发明的三维成型丝料不包含热稳定剂, 并且依然能够 完成本发明的发明目的, 也就是在不包含热稳定剂的情况下, 三维成型丝料的 弯曲强度能够达到要求, 盘绕在丝料盘上。
[0125] 在其它的实施方式中, 三维成型丝料的组份还包括磁性材料如四氧化三铁, 在 上述三维成型丝料的制造方法中, 在准备步骤和挤出步骤中, 磁性材料粉末与 其它原料如粘结剂等一起加入混合。 三维成型丝料的组份还可以包括着色剂或 者染料, 以使得丝料具有不同的颜色。 柔韧性增强剂例如是增塑剂, 增塑剂例 如为邻苯二甲酸酯类 (或邻苯二甲酸盐类亦称酞酸酯) 的化合物, 邻苯二甲酸 酯类塑化剂包括: 邻苯二甲酸二 (2-乙基己) 酯 (DEHP) 、 邻苯二甲酸二正辛 酯 (DNOP或 DnOP) 、 邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯 (BBP) 、 邻苯二甲酸二仲辛酯 (DC P) 、 邻苯二甲酸二环己酯 (DCHP) 等。 本发明进一步对三维成型丝料的组份 中的物料所起的作用或机理进行了阐述, 但是这种作用机理不对本发明的保护 范围起到限制作用。 由于金属材料与粘结剂之间的密度相差较远, 因此很难形 成均匀的混合效果, 而在组份中增加分散剂之后就可以对原料的均匀混合起到 很好的作用。 本发明的金属材料粉末和粘结剂形成丝料后, 由于这种丝料的脆 性较大, 在弯曲的吋候容易发生折断, 而在组份中增加了柔韧性增强剂如增塑 剂之后, 其柔韧性或者弯曲强度得到了提升, 上述表征结果可以说明。 对于本 发明的三维成型丝料, 当其粘结剂、 增塑剂、 分散剂采用聚合物材料吋, 由于 聚合物分子的分子量是一个较宽的范围, 这就会造成三维成型丝料的熔融温度 出现较大范围的波动, 例如熔融温度范围在 200°C至 230°C内, 而增加了热稳定剂 后, 可以使得三维成型丝料的熔融温度限定在一个较小的范围内, 例如 200°C至 2 05°C之间。
[0126] 最后需要说明的是, 本发明不限于上述的实施方式, 诸如弯曲强度大于 6.9MPa
,弯曲强度大于 6.5MPa的设计等也在本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。
[0127] 工业应用性
[0128] 由于本发明提供的三维成型丝料中含有较多的金属、 玻璃等基材, 以金属作为 基材为例, 本发明的三维成型丝料可以用于金属的三维打印工艺。 并且, 由于 在丝料中添加了柔韧性增强剂, 使得丝料具有良好的弯曲强度, 能够实现丝料 的弯曲并且可以将丝料弯曲成盘状, 有利于丝料的程序。
[0129] 本发明把金属材料制作为可弯曲的金属丝状材料, 同吋能够在 FDM三维打印机 通常设定的温度下形成三维物体, 极大地提升金属三维物体的成型效率。 这种 丝状材料实现了金属丝状材料的弯曲, 弯曲的吋候不会折断, 其在 FDM三维打 印机上的应用实现了突破。
[0130] 采用本发明的丝料进行三维物体的打印, 可以制造金属材质的物体, 与传统工 艺的金属三维物体的成型过程相比, 应用本发明提供的丝状材料后, 采用 FDM 三维打印机进行成型, 成型效率得到显著提升, 且成本低, 继而能够实现多金 属材料的三维模型打印,其能够形成具有新金属性能的三维模型。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种熔融沉积成型的金属三维打印机的打印方法, 其特征在于, 所述 金属三维打印机包括打印头组件、 成型座、 移动组件和耗材供给组件 , 所述移动组件用于移动所述打印头组件, 所述耗材供给组件用于驱 动第一成型材料和第二成型材料输送到所述打印头组件中, 所述第一 成型材料和所述第二成型材料中的至少一个包括金属材料和粘结剂; 所述打印方法包括: 所述打印头组件在所述成型座上挤出所述第一成 型材料和 /或所述第二成型材料。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的打印方法, 其特征在于:
所述第一成型材料的熔点低于所述第二成型材料的沸点;
所述打印头组件在所述成型座上挤出所述第一成型材料和 /或所述第 二成型材料的步骤包括:
所述打印头组件在所述成型座上挤出所述第一成型材料;
所述打印头组件在所述第一成型材料上挤出所述第二成型材料。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 1所述的打印方法, 其特征在于:
所述第一成型材料的熔点低于所述第二成型材料的沸点;
所述打印头组件在所述成型座上挤出所述第一成型材料和 /或所述第 二成型材料的步骤包括:
所述第一成型材料和所述第二成型材料在所述打印头组件内混合后形 成混合成型材料;
所述打印头组件在所述成型座上挤出所述成型材料。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 1所述的打印方法, 其特征在于:
所述第一成型材料的熔点高于所述第二成型材料的熔点;
所述打印头组件在所述成型座上挤出所述第一成型材料和 /或所述第 二成型材料的步骤包括:
支撑部位打印步骤, 所述打印头组件在所述成型座上挤出所述第一成 型材料;
实体部位打印步骤, 所述打印头组件在所述第一成型材料上挤出所述 第二成型材料。
[权利要求 5] —种熔融沉积成型的金属三维打印机的打印方法, 其特征在于, 所述 金属三维打印机包括打印头组件、 成型座、 移动组件和耗材供给组件 , 所述移动组件用于移动所述打印头组件, 所述耗材供给组件用于驱 动第一成型材料和第二成型材料输送到所述打印头组件中, 所述第一 成型材料包括金属材料和粘结剂, 所述第二成型材料为支撑材料, 所 述第一成型材料的熔点高于所述第二成型材料的熔点;
所述打印方法包括:
支撑部位打印步骤, 所述打印头组件在所述成型座上挤出所述第二成 型材料;
实体部位打印步骤, 所述打印头组件在所述第二成型材料上挤出所述 第一成型材料。
[权利要求 6] —种熔融沉积成型的金属三维打印机, 其特征在于:
所述金属三维打印机包括打印头组件、 成型座、 移动组件和耗材供给 组件, 所述移动组件用于移动所述打印头组件, 所述耗材供给组件用 于驱动第一成型材料和第二成型材料输送到所述打印头组件中, 所述 第一成型材料和所述第二成型材料中的至少一个包括金属材料和粘结 剂, 所述打印头组件用于在所述成型座上挤出所述第一成型材料和 / 或所述第二成型材料。
[权利要求 7] 根据权利要求 6所述的金属三维打印机, 其特征在于:
所述金属打印机还包括连接在所述耗材供给组件和所述打印头组件之 间的引导装置, 所述引导装置设置有第一输入端、 第二输入端和输出 端, 所述第一成型材料输入至所述第一输入端, 所述第二成型材料输 入至所述第二输入端, 所述输出端与所述打印头组件连接, 所述第一 输入端和所述输出端之间连通设置有第一通道, 所述第二输入端和所 述输出端之间连通设置有第二通道。
[权利要求 8] 根据权利要求 6所述的金属三维打印机, 其特征在于:
所述打印头组件包括第一打印头和第二打印头, 所述第一打印头用于 挤出所述第一成型材料, 所述第二打印头用于挤出所述第二成型材料
[权利要求 9] 根据权利要求 6至 8任一项所述的金属三维打印机, 其特征在于: 所述第一成型材料包括第一金属材料和第一粘结剂, 所述第二成型材 料包括第二金属材料和第二粘结剂, 所述第一金属材料为锌基合金, 所述第二金属材料为铝基合金或不锈钢合金。
[权利要求 10] 根据权利要求 6至 8任一项所述的金属三维打印机, 其特征在于: 所述第一成型材料包括第一金属材料和第一粘结剂, 所述第二成型材 料为支撑材料, 所述第一金属材料为锌基合金, 所述支撑材料为树脂 或聚乳酸。
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