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WO2018057083A1 - Procédés et dispositif de régulation de la température dans des unités de réfrigération utilisant de multiples lectures ciblées - Google Patents

Procédés et dispositif de régulation de la température dans des unités de réfrigération utilisant de multiples lectures ciblées Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018057083A1
WO2018057083A1 PCT/US2017/039196 US2017039196W WO2018057083A1 WO 2018057083 A1 WO2018057083 A1 WO 2018057083A1 US 2017039196 W US2017039196 W US 2017039196W WO 2018057083 A1 WO2018057083 A1 WO 2018057083A1
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Prior art keywords
refrigeration
temperature sensors
refrigeration unit
processing device
sensors
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Ceased
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PCT/US2017/039196
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English (en)
Inventor
Arturo N. VILLANUEVA Jr.
Kenneth GLASER
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to US16/335,330 priority Critical patent/US20200018541A1/en
Publication of WO2018057083A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018057083A1/fr
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Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25D29/003—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for movable devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/1927—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using a plurality of sensors
    • G05D23/193—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using a plurality of sensors sensing the temperaure in different places in thermal relationship with one or more spaces
    • G05D23/1931—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using a plurality of sensors sensing the temperaure in different places in thermal relationship with one or more spaces to control the temperature of one space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
    • F25D11/02—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators with cooling compartments at different temperatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
    • F25D17/04—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection
    • F25D17/06—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation
    • F25D17/062—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation in household refrigerators
    • F25D17/065—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation in household refrigerators with compartments at different temperatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids
    • F25B2500/222—Detecting refrigerant leaks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F25B2600/025—Compressor control by controlling speed
    • F25B2600/0251—Compressor control by controlling speed with on-off operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/11—Fan speed control
    • F25B2600/112—Fan speed control of evaporator fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2104—Temperatures of an indoor room or compartment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2400/00—General features of, or devices for refrigerators, cold rooms, ice-boxes, or for cooling or freezing apparatus not covered by any other subclass
    • F25D2400/40—Refrigerating devices characterised by electrical wiring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25D2500/06—Stock management
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor
    • F25D2700/06—Sensors detecting the presence of a product
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor
    • F25D2700/12—Sensors measuring the inside temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor
    • F25D2700/12—Sensors measuring the inside temperature
    • F25D2700/121—Sensors measuring the inside temperature of particular compartments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor
    • F25D2700/12—Sensors measuring the inside temperature
    • F25D2700/122—Sensors measuring the inside temperature of freezer compartments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor
    • F25D2700/16—Sensors measuring the temperature of products
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to refrigeration units, and more particularly, to refrigeration techniques using targeted temperature readings to save on energy and equipment cost.
  • FIG. 5 shows these differences. Air temperature fluctuations 502 are considerably more pronounced than refrigerated item temperature fluctuations 501 due to both the ambient air's freedom to flow and its thermal mass. Conventional refrigeration units can turn on the cooling mechanism more frequency than is necessary to maintain the stored items at a desired temperature. Consequently, there is a need in the industry for methods and systems that address this issue and provide savings in energy usage and prolong the life of refrigeration equipment by various techniques, including reducing or eliminating the unnecessary power cycling of the cooling system.
  • One aspect of the invention is a refrigeration monitoring and regulation system for installation in a refrigeration unit that comprises one or more air temperature sensors for providing air temperature data that are able to be affixed within said refrigeration unit, one or more refrigerated item temperature sensors for providing surface temperature data from refrigerated items, wherein the one or more refrigerated item temperature sensors are able to be affixed within the refrigeration unit, wherein the refrigerated item temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the refrigerated item by infrared (non- contact temperature sensor) , or printed temperature sensor (contact temperature sensor) , wherein one or more electromagnetic or solid-state relays close or open the circuits that provide power to the one or more compressors and/or the one or more evaporator fans that circulate the ambient air, wherein each of the one or more temperature sensors and the one or more relays are connected by wire or wireless electronic connection to a processing device, and wherein the air temperature data and the refrigerated item temperature data are aggregated and analyzed at set or random time intervals within the processing
  • Another aspect of the invention is a refrigeration monitoring and regulation system for installation in a refrigeration unit that comprises one or more air temperature sensors that are able to be affixed within said refrigeration unit for providing air temperature data, one or more simulant temperature sensors that are able to be affixed within said refrigeration unit for providing simulant temperature data, wherein the simulant contains a synthetic or natural material or both simulating refrigerated items to be temperature controlled in the refrigeration unit, wherein the simulant temperature sensors include internal sensors (such as in the form of probes) and surface sensors, and wherein the simulant temperature sensors provide temperature data from the surface of the simulant and internal sensors provide internal temperature data of the simulants, wherein one or more electromagnetic or solid-state relays close or open the circuits that provide power to the one or more compressors and/or the one or more evaporator fans that circulate the ambient air, wherein the one or more temperature sensors and the one or more relays are connected by wire or wireless electronic connection to a processing device, and wherein the air temperature data and the si
  • the processing device is a desktop computer, a portable computer, a rack-mounted computer, an industrial computer, a single-board computer such as a BeagleBoneTM or Raspberry PiTM, or a single-board microcontroller such as an electrician UnoTM.
  • the one or more air temperature sensors and the one or more said simulant temperature sensors are one or more combination air and simulant temperature sensors.
  • the analysis parameters include air temperature within the refrigeration unit, air temperature outside the refrigeration unit, humidity within the refrigeration unit, and/or moisture within the refrigeration unit .
  • the analysis done within the processing device is through simple arithmetic such as calculating a weighted average of the various temperatures, through statistical methods, or through artificially intelligent machine-learning algorithms.
  • the refrigeration monitoring and regulation system further comprises one or more refrigerant leak sensors connected by wire or wireless electronic connection to the processing device.
  • the wireless electronic connection to the relay is by Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11), IEEE 802.15.4, BluetoothTM, BLETM, ZigbeeTM or Z-WaveTM.
  • the simulant contains a synthetic or natural material or both, simulates meat produce, vegetable produce, fruit produce and/or combinations of meat, vegetable and/or fruit produce, alcoholic beverages, non-alcoholic beverages, or pharmaceuticals .
  • the simulant material whether synthetic or natural material or both, has similar specific heat and thermal mass as the refrigerated items at the temperature range for the food the material is simulating.
  • the synthetic or natural material is a wax, balsa wood, or a material that has a specific heat of around 0.8 BTU/lb°F in medium temperature applications .
  • the synthetic or natural material is solid plastic, cork, dry cement, or a material that has a specific hear of around 0.4 BTU/lb° in low temperature applications.
  • Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a refrigeration system whose operation can be improved by using the embodiments described herein.
  • Figure 2 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, including sensors, relays, router, processing device, and gateway.
  • Figure 3 shows a block diagram of a potential placement of sensors in, on, and around the simulant.
  • Figure 4 shows a block diagram of a potential placement of sensors on and around a refrigerated item.
  • Figure 5 shows a typical temperature graph over time showing temperature fluctuations of food or other refrigerated items and ambient air temperature.
  • Temperature sensor refers to the same temperature sensor that obtains temperature readings that are not air temperature readings within the refrigeration unit.
  • Cooling mechanisms refer to among other components of a refrigeration unit, the one or more compressors and/or one or more evaporator fans that assist in maintaining a given desired temperature within the refrigeration unit.
  • refrigerated item or “refrigerated items” as used herein are defined as consumable or non-consumable items which include fresh food, vegetables, meat, dairy products, alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, frozen food items, and consumable and non-consumable pharmaceuticals. Unless otherwise indicated, refrigerated items do not include the simulated item or material that mimics the refrigerated item .
  • Relay or “relays” as used herein refers to electrically operated switches such as those that turn “On” or “Off” the refrigeration system of a refrigeration unit.
  • Standard refers to the item that stands in for refrigerated items and has similar thermal properties to the refrigerated items and may be natural or synthetic or a combination of both.
  • Refrigerateration unit or “refrigeration units” are in use to store and preserve consumable or non-consumable items. Fresh food, vegetables, meat, dairy products, alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, frozen food items, and consumable and non-consumable pharmaceuticals are among typical items refrigerated or stored in a commercial, industrial, or residential refrigeration unit.
  • a refrigeration unit may refer to any enclosure that maintains a certain temperature range for its contents. Typically, refrigeration units can be classified into three categories based on environment temperatures:
  • high temperature refrigeration typically ranges from about 47 to about 60 degrees Fahrenheit and may contain flowers and candy;
  • medium temperature refrigeration typically ranges from 28 to 40 degrees Fahrenheit and may contain fresh foods
  • low temperature refrigeration also referred to as freezers, typically ranges from 20 degrees Fahrenheit and below and may contain frozen meats, frozen vegetables, and ice cream. This invention applies to all classifications of refrigeration.
  • Conventional refrigeration units use ambient temperature sensors to measure the air temperature inside a refrigeration unit and control when the refrigeration unit turns on or off based on that temperature. When ambient temperature readings are above a predetermined set temperature, the refrigeration unit is turned on.
  • the operation of these conventional units is based on the principle that the temperature of a refrigerated item follows the temperature of the ambient or air temperature of the refrigeration unit.
  • These conventional units operate similar to air conditioning systems by attempting to maintain an ambient temperature below a set temperature. This approach is inefficient because the ambient temperature inside a refrigeration unit can fluctuate more than the temperature of the refrigerated items. For example, in residential or commercial refrigeration units, every time the door to the unit is opened and/or closed, the ambient air temperature can fluctuate widely while the refrigerated item actually experiences little or no changes in temperature.
  • a conventional refrigeration unit will often turn on the unit to compensate for a rise in ambient air temperature, when the refrigerated item has not experienced the same rise in temperature. Consequently, a conventional unit can unnecessarily cycle through on and off states causing unnecessary wear and tear on the unit and unnecessary power consumption.
  • the embodiments described herein can utilize temperature sensors to measure the temperature of the refrigerated items and/or simulants that have similar temperature behavior to the refrigerated items. These temperature readings can be used to control the refrigeration function in addition to, or in lieu of, air temperature readings alone.
  • temperature sensors can be affixed to an external surface of or implanted in one or more simulants that mimic the temperature behavior of the refrigerated items.
  • the simulant can contain materials that are synthetic, natural, or a combination of those.
  • temperature sensors can be affixed to an external surface of or be implanted in materials such as plastic, wax, balsa wood, wood, cork, resin, various polymers, dry cement or other materials that mimic the temperature behavior of the refrigerated items.
  • the specific heat of a potential simulated refrigerated material can be used to help choose suitable material and suitable shape for simulating the temperature behavior of refrigerated items.
  • the specific heat (also called specific heat capacity) of an object can be defined as the amount of heat required to change a unit mass (or unit quantity, such as mole) of a substance by one degree in temperature.
  • Different simulated refrigerated items may be selected based on the range of environment temperatures in which the simulated refrigerated items are intended to mimic.
  • Refrigerated items can be separated into three categories based on environment temperatures under which they are refrigerated. Items, such as flower or candy, are refrigerated at relatively high temperatures, ranging from 47 to 60 degrees Fahrenheit. Items, such as fresh food, are refrigerated at relatively medium temperatures, ranging from 28 to 40 degrees Fahrenheit. Items, such as frozen meats, frozen vegetables and dairy, are refrigerated at relatively low temperatures, ranging from 0 to 20 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • a simulated refrigerated item can be chosen to have a similar specific heat in a given temperature range to the items refrigerated in that range.
  • fresh food and wax or balsa wood have a specific heat of about 0.8 BTU/lb°F for storage in relatively medium temperatures, ranging from 28 to 40 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • Wax, balsa wood or other material having specific heat of about 0.8 BTU/lb°F can be used to simulate the temperature behavior of fresh foods stored at relatively medium temperatures.
  • plastic, cork, dry cement or other material with specific heat of about 0.4 BTU/lb°F can be used to simulate the temperature behavior of frozen meats, vegetables and dairy products because the specific heat of these refrigerated items is also about 0.4 BTU/lb°F.
  • Temperature sensors can be utilized to take temperature measurements relevant or useful to optimizing temperature control of the refrigeration unit. Temperature sensors can detect temperatures at set, predetermined or random intervals. For example, a temperature sensor may be configured to take 10-20 readings within a 20-minute interval. In other embodiments, temperature readings may be conducted as a function of time of day, activity level (such as people coming in and out of the refrigeration unit) , and the temperature reading itself, as well as at random.
  • Air temperature sensors may be used to provide air temperature data readings from inside the refrigeration unit.
  • sensors are available commercially and may be purchased from Thermo Sensors Corporation in Garland, Texas, Thermal Devices in Mt . Airy, Maryland, and Thermocouple Technology, LLC in Quakertown, Pennsylvania.
  • the air temperature readings can be used with other sensor readings ⁇ e.g., such as simulated food sensor readings) and analyzed to determine the frequency of power cycling of a refrigeration unit.
  • Air temperature sensors placed outside a refrigeration unit may be used to provide temperature of the environment in which a refrigeration unit is placed. Outside temperature readings can be considered to run the refrigeration unit more efficiently and can be used to fine-tune the timing of the engagement of the relays.
  • various temperature sensors can be utilized to implement the described embodiments.
  • Contact or non-contact temperature sensors may be used to measure the temperature of the refrigerated items and the sensors' readings in combination with user-defined or automatically-defined refrigeration parameters may be analyzed and used to control a refrigeration unit.
  • non-contact temperature sensors examples include thermal imaging cameras and/or infrared temperature sensors. Infrared temperature sensors can be implemented using pyrometers or other similar technology.
  • contact temperature sensors may be used to measure the temperature of the refrigerated items (both consumables and non-consumables) and/or to measure the temperature of items chosen to simulate the refrigerated items, referred to as simulants.
  • Contact temperature sensors may be used to measure both interior temperature of the simulants as well as surface temperatures of refrigerated items such as actual food.
  • Printed circuit technology may be used where actual foodstuffs or pharmaceuticals can be laid upon a rack equipped with such printed circuit technologies.
  • Internal contact temperature sensors may include material, mechanisms, and/or technology to accomplish reading of the temperatures that mimic the internal portions of refrigerated items.
  • Surface temperature sensors may include material, mechanisms and/or technology to accomplish reading of the temperature of the simulant that mimics the thermal behavior of surface portions of refrigerated items.
  • contact temperature sensors examples include: thermocouples, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), thermistors, and/or printed sensors. They can be used to implement the simulant temperature sensors. Persons of ordinary skill in the art can use other contact temperature sensors without departing from the teachings herein .
  • thermocouples examples include: Thermo Sensors Corporation of Garland, Texas; Thermal Devices of Mt . Airy, Maryland; Thermocouple Technology, LLC of Quakertown, Pennsylvania; Siemens Process Instrumentation of Spring House, Pennsylvania and Thermometries Corporation of Northridge, California.
  • Contact or non-contact temperature sensors can be placed in locations where they can more accurately measure the temperature of refrigerated items. Compared to the air surrounding the refrigerated items, the surface temperature of a refrigerated item can provide a more accurate measure of the temperature of that item.
  • contact sensors may be used wherein the sensor junction of a thermocouple sensor, or the surface of a printed temperature sensor, is placed on an exterior surface of a refrigerated item, or that the refrigerated item is laid upon such sensors, and used to take temperature readings from the surface of that item.
  • refrigeration parameters may control the temperature of the refrigeration unit by taking into account surface temperature of the refrigerated items in addition to, or in combination with, the temperature of the environment of the refrigerated items.
  • Contact-based temperature sensors may be placed on an external surface or implanted in an internal portion of a simulant.
  • thermocouple sensors can be adhered to an external surface or implanted within a mass of simulant to provide surface and internal temperatures. It is suggested that multiple internal sensors be used of varying distances from the surface to gather a much better representation of the movement of heat within the simulant. Such detail and fidelity allows for a more accurate control of when the relays are engaged. For example, if there is a rapid warming of the simulant, regardless of the ambient air temperature and the overall temperature of the simulant, the one or more relays that control cooling can be engaged a few seconds earlier to make sure that the refrigerated items and the simulant do not go beyond the temperature threshold.
  • the sensor portion of an RTD, thermistor and/or printed temperature sensor may be placed ⁇ e.g., affixed) on an external surface of a refrigerated item, or may be placed on an external surface of a material chosen to simulate the refrigerated item or can be implanted within a mass of material chosen to simulate the refrigerated items.
  • Non-contact temperature sensors such as infrared temperature sensors can be placed in positions within the refrigeration unit to be able to measure the surface temperatures of refrigerated items and/or simulants chosen to simulate refrigerated items.
  • the simulant sensors need not be static or stationary nor take measurements of only one item or location within the refrigeration unit.
  • robotic pyrometers can be used to take temperature measurements of multiple items or areas within the refrigeration unit and the temperature readings may be used to control the refrigeration unit.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a block diagram of placement of temperature sensors affixed on, within, and around a simulant 310.
  • Internal air temperature sensors 303 and external air temperature sensors 304 may be similar to existing air temperature sensors currently used with conventional refrigeration units.
  • the simulant 310 has affixed to its surface, a surface temperature sensor 301 and interior temperature sensors (probes) 302.
  • the surface temperature sensor may be in the form of contact sensors or non-contact sensors .
  • Figure 4 illustrates a block diagram of placement of temperature sensors affixed to and around a refrigerated item 410.
  • Internal air temperature sensors 403 and external air temperature sensors 404 may be similar to existing air temperature sensors currently used with conventional refrigeration units.
  • the refrigerated item 410 has affixed to its surface, a surface temperature sensor 401 in the form of printed contact temperature sensors or non- contact sensors such as those using infrared technology.
  • a refrigeration unit may include one or more relays to cycle one or more compressors and/or one or more evaporator fans of the refrigeration unit between the on and off states, thereby turning the cooling functionality of the refrigeration unit on or off.
  • the processing device may be used to communicate with the relay and command the relay to turn the power to the one or more compressors and/or the one or more evaporator fans on or off.
  • evaporator fans run continuously, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year.
  • one or more of these evaporator fans are turned on and off in the same manner as the one or more compressors, thereby turning on and off the forced circulation of the air within the refrigeration unit.
  • the relay may also be in connection and/or wired or wireless communication with one or more temperature sensors, a processing device, a router, a display device, a computing device of a user, and/or a cloud provider.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a refrigeration system 100 whose operation can be improved by installing the embodiments described herein.
  • the refrigeration system 100 includes a refrigeration unit 102, an ambient temperature sensor 104, a compressor unit 106 and a relay 108.
  • the ambient temperature sensor 104 is placed inside the refrigeration unit 102, is connected to the relay 108 and communicates the air temperatures within the refrigeration unit 102 to the relay 108.
  • the relay closes an electrical circuit and connects the compressor to electrical power.
  • the compressor turns on and the refrigeration cycle cools the air inside the refrigeration unit 102.
  • the relay 108 When the ambient temperature sensor 104 communicates a temperature at or below the preset temperature, called the "cut out", to the relay 108, the relay 108 opens the electrical circuit providing electrical power to the compressor 106 and turns the compressor off. These operations continue and the air temperature inside the refrigeration unit 102 is maintained at or near the preset temperature.
  • evaporator fans 107 run continuously, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a block diagram of a refrigeration system according to one embodiment of the present invention. Not every component depicted may be necessary to all described embodiments. Some components and modules may be combined and manufactured as a single component. Some components shown may be outfitted or adapted to existing refrigeration systems to improve their refrigeration efficiency and equipment life cycle.
  • the refrigeration system 200 may include a refrigeration unit 202, one or more compressor units 204, one or more evaporator fans 207, and one or more relays 206 whose operations are similar to similarly named components in the refrigeration system 100.
  • the refrigeration system 200 may include internal sensors 208 and external sensors 210 in relation to the refrigeration unit 202.
  • the internal sensors 208 are included inside the refrigeration unit 202 and provide refrigeration related data pertaining to the interior of the refrigeration unit 202.
  • Internal sensors 208 may be one or more of air temperature sensors, one or more refrigerated food temperature sensors, and one or more simulant temperature sensors including contact and non-contact temperature sensors described above, or a combination of two or more of these sensors, as may be envisioned by a person of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the placement of the internal sensors 208 inside the refrigeration unit 202 may depend on the type of sensor and desired functionality. For example, for an interior area near the door of the refrigeration unit 202, where frequent air temperature fluctuations may exist, a surface temperature sensor as described above may be utilized to monitor the surface temperature of refrigerated items or both surface and probe temperature sensors may be utilized to monitor the surface temperature and interior temperatures of a simulant instead of an ambient temperature sensor. As described, non-stationary and/or robotic temperature sensors may also be used.
  • the external sensors 210 may be placed outside the refrigeration unit 202 to provide environment data as they relate to the refrigeration function of the system 200. The external sensors 210 may for example include ambient temperature sensors of the environment in which the refrigeration unit 202 is located, whether inside a building or out in an outdoors environment.
  • the internal and external sensors 208 and 210 may be in wired or wireless communication with a processing device 214.
  • the sensors 208 and 210 may directly communicate with one or more relays 206 to turn the electrical power to the compressor 204 and/or evaporator fan on or off.
  • the sensors 208 and 210 may communicate with the relay 212 via a router 216.
  • the sensors 208 and 210 may be in wired or wireless communication via the router 216 or directly through a peer-to-peer protocol, with the processing device 214, which can receive and analyze data from the sensors 208 and 210 and command the one or more relays 206 to turn the electrical power to the one or more compressors 204 and/or the one or more evaporator fans 207 on or off.
  • wireless technology that may be used include: Wi-Fi (IEEE 805.11), BluetoothTM, Bluetooth Low EnergyTM (BLETM) , IEEE 805.15.4, ZigbeeTM, Z-WaveTM or other wireless technologies.
  • Wired connection may be implemented using Ethernet, 1-wire, or other wired connection technology .
  • the wireless connection may utilize mesh or non-mesh (either peer-to-peer or infrastructure using a router 216) protocols for communication between different components of the system 200.
  • mesh protocol may be used to improve reliability of the wireless connection. Examples of mesh network, which may be used, include Z-waveTM and ZigbeeTM.
  • the router 216 may be connected to the internet and a cloud provider via an internet gateway 218.
  • the user of the refrigeration system 200 may monitor the system and/or set refrigeration parameters via a cloud provider or via the processing device 214.
  • the processing device 214, the router 216 and a display may be manufactured as internal components of the processing device 214.
  • the processing device 214 may provide data from sensors 208 and 210, the relay 206, and analyzed and aggregated data, status, and alerts to an external program such as a building management system or energy management system 215 directly or through the cloud and the internet gateway 218.
  • the processing device 214 may also receive data and commands from the building management system 215 as well as a user accessing the processing device 214 directly or through the cloud and the internet gateway 218.
  • the processing device 214 may include processor, memory, storage, input/output interfaces and other interfaces for communicating with internal and external components.
  • the processing device 214 may include an internal or external display component.
  • the display component may be a touch or non-touch display allowing local interactions with the refrigeration system 200.
  • the processing device 214 may be a dedicated computing device or may incorporate the functionalities of sensors 208, 210, relays 206, as well as the router 216, and internet gateway 218.
  • the processing device 214 may be a desktop computer, a portable computer, a rack-mounted computer, an industrial computer, a single-board computer such as a BeagleBoneTM or Raspberry PiTM, or a single-board microcontroller such as an electrician UnoTM.
  • the input/output interfaces may provide wired or wireless communication with the components of the refrigeration system 200 such as relay 206, router 216, internet gateway 218, sensors 208, 210, the display, the building management system 215, and the user of the system 200.
  • the storage of the processing device 214 may include a refrigeration management program in executable code.
  • the refrigeration management program may be loaded into the memory and executed by the processor of the device 214.
  • the user of the system 200 may interact with the refrigeration management program via a cloud provider, a keyboard, a touch display or other input means to enter refrigeration parameters into the processing device 214.
  • refrigeration parameters may include desired refrigeration temperature, type of refrigerated items, desired internal and/or external temperature of the refrigerated items, intended duration of refrigeration of items, and desired frequency of operation and temperature detection by internal and external sensors 208 and 210.
  • the user may want to specify alarm conditions or set up notifications based on sensor data. For example, a user may specify to receive an alarm if the surface temperature of a refrigerated item rises above a threshold.
  • Other refrigeration parameters may be automatically calculated and stored in the storage by the refrigeration management program. The refrigeration management program may automatically calculate or adjust a desired refrigeration temperature based on input from the user and sensor data from internal and/or external sensors 208 and 210.
  • the user might input the type of a refrigerated item, quantity and desired duration of refrigeration and the refrigeration management program may determine and store in storage the appropriate refrigeration temperature.
  • the user may overwrite the refrigeration management program and directly set the refrigeration temperature for quick and simple operation.
  • Refrigeration parameters may be stored in the storage of the device 214.
  • the processing device 214 may receive sensor data from internal and external sensors 208 and 210 via router 216 or directly via peer-to-peer communication or via I/O interfaces.
  • the refrigeration management program may analyze the sensor data in relation to the user defined or automatically defined refrigeration parameters and determine whether the refrigeration unit should be turned on or off.
  • the processing device 214 may communicate with the relay 206 via router 216 or directly via peer-to-peer communication or via I/O interfaces.
  • the refrigeration management program may signal the one or more relays 206 to turn the power to the one or more compressors 204 and/or the one or more evaporator fans 207 on or off.
  • the processing device 214 may be an internal component of one or more of the internal sensors 208. Such intelligent sensors may directly communicate with the relay 206 without the router 216 via wired or wireless communication. In some embodiments, the processing device 214 may be an internal component of one or more of the relays 206. Such intelligent controls may directly communicate with each other without the router 216 via wired or wireless communication. In other embodiments, the processing device 214 may reside as a virtual machine in the cloud. While some of the described components are depicted outside the refrigeration unit 202, such placement may not be convenient, necessary, or practical. For example, the router 216 need not be a component external to the refrigeration unit 216 in every embodiment. A person of ordinary skill in the art may envision various arrangements of the components shown in FIG. 2 based on specific residential and/or commercial and/or industrial applications without departing from the spirit of the described technology .
  • the embodiments described are not limited to single compressor refrigeration systems.
  • multiple internal sensors 208 and relay controllers may be utilized and networked together via the router 216 and managed by single or multiple instances of the processing device 214.
  • BluetoothTM wireless electrical connection or other wireless connection may be used without using the router 216 or creating a local area network.
  • the refrigeration system 200 may be locally managed as opposed to managed via a cloud provider.
  • remote management of the refrigeration system 200 may be provided via the internet gateway 218 without using a cloud provider .
  • the wireless electrical connections described herein may be implemented by a variety of means and technologies, such as, but not limited to, Wi-Fi (IEEE 805.11), BluetoothTM, Bluetooth Low EnergyTM (BLETM) , IEEE 805.15.4, ZigbeeTM, Z-WaveTM or other wireless technologies.
  • Wi-Fi IEEE 805.11
  • BluetoothTM Bluetooth Low EnergyTM
  • BLETM Bluetooth Low EnergyTM
  • IEEE 805.15.4 ZigbeeTM
  • Z-WaveTM Z-WaveTM or other wireless technologies.
  • Texas Instruments of Dallas, Texas may be contacted to obtain wireless equipment, such as those compliant with IEEE 802.15.4 standard, ZigbeeTM, and BluetoothTM technologies.
  • Digi International, Inc. of Minnetonka, Minnesota may be contacted to obtain wireless equipment, such as those compliant with IEEE 802.15.4 standard, ZigbeeTM, BluetoothTM and BLETM technologies.
  • Sigma Designs, Inc. of Fremont, California may be contacted to obtain wireless equipment compliant with Z-WaveTM technology.
  • Qualcomm of San Diego, California may be contacted to obtain wireless equipment such as Wi-Fi equipment .
  • Refrigeration equipment implemented using the described technology has been tested to perform realizing a 20-40% reduction in energy usage compared to conventional units . Additionally, the equipment life expectancy of a refrigeration unit built according to the described technology or retrofitted with the described technology may be twice that of conventional units .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des systèmes et des techniques de surveillance et de régulation de la réfrigération. On décrit des capteurs de température de l'air, des capteurs de température de sonde, des éléments réfrigérés simulés et des contrôleurs relais pour surveiller et contrôler une unité de réfrigération tout en conservant l'énergie et en prolongeant la durée de vie de l'équipement par comparaison avec des unités de réfrigération classiques.
PCT/US2017/039196 2016-09-23 2017-06-26 Procédés et dispositif de régulation de la température dans des unités de réfrigération utilisant de multiples lectures ciblées Ceased WO2018057083A1 (fr)

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US201662399139P 2016-09-23 2016-09-23
US62/399,139 2016-09-23

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