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WO2018043302A1 - Oxyde composite de lithium et nickel, et procédé de fabrication de celui-ci - Google Patents

Oxyde composite de lithium et nickel, et procédé de fabrication de celui-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018043302A1
WO2018043302A1 PCT/JP2017/030417 JP2017030417W WO2018043302A1 WO 2018043302 A1 WO2018043302 A1 WO 2018043302A1 JP 2017030417 W JP2017030417 W JP 2017030417W WO 2018043302 A1 WO2018043302 A1 WO 2018043302A1
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Prior art keywords
lithium
composite oxide
nickel
nickel composite
positive electrode
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
田渕　光春
理樹 片岡
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
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Priority to JP2018537210A priority Critical patent/JP7043076B2/ja
Publication of WO2018043302A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018043302A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lithium nickel composite oxide and a method for producing the same.
  • the lithium-containing composite oxide is used as a positive electrode active material for lithium ion secondary batteries.
  • Lithium ion secondary batteries are not only used for power supplies for mobile phones and laptop computers, but are also expected to be used for medium and large power supplies such as in-vehicle and power load leveling systems. Has been made.
  • lithium nickelate is expected as a 4V class positive electrode material having a high specific capacity (200 mAh / g).
  • a high voltage upper limit voltage: 4.3 V
  • the cycle characteristics are remarkably deteriorated.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional state of the art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a lithium-containing composite oxide having a high capacity and in which deterioration of cycle characteristics is remarkably suppressed.
  • the present inventors have surprisingly found that a lithium nickel-based composite oxide having a specific composition has a high capacity and remarkable deterioration in cycle characteristics. It was found to be suppressed.
  • the inventors of the present invention have completed the present invention by repeating further research based on such knowledge.
  • Item 1 General formula (1): Li x NiO 2 + ⁇ (1) [Wherein x represents 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.3, and ⁇ represents ⁇ 0.20 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.20. ] A lithium nickel composite oxide represented by: Including crystal phases of hexagonal layered rock salt structure, A lithium nickel-based composite oxide having a lattice constant c of 14.130 to ⁇ 14.190. Item 2. Item 2. The lithium nickel composite oxide according to Item 1, wherein the lattice volume is 100.00 3 or more and less than 100.50 3 . Item 3. Item 3. Item 3. The lithium nickel composite oxide according to Item 1 or 2, comprising only a crystal phase having a hexagonal layered rock salt structure.
  • Item 4 The method for producing a lithium nickel composite oxide according to any one of Items 1 to 3, A first step of mixing a lithium compound with nickel hydroxide and / or a water-soluble nickel salt in an aqueous solvent; and a second step of firing the mixture obtained by the first step in an oxidizing atmosphere. ,Production method. Item 5. Item 5. The method according to Item 4, wherein the first step is a step of adding nickel hydroxide and / or a water-soluble nickel salt to an aqueous solution containing a lithium compound. Item 6. Item 6. The method according to Item 4 or 5, wherein the firing temperature in the second step is 600 ° C or higher and 690 ° C or lower. Item 7. A positive electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery, comprising the lithium nickel composite oxide according to any one of Items 1 to 3. Item 8. The lithium ion secondary battery containing the positive electrode material for lithium ion secondary batteries of the said claim
  • the lithium nickel-based composite oxide of the present invention as a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery, it is possible to provide a lithium ion secondary battery having a high capacity and exhibiting high cycle stability. Become.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an X-ray diffraction pattern of a sample obtained in Example 1.
  • FIG. It is a figure which shows the result of the charging / discharging test (negative electrode: lithium metal) of the sample obtained in Example 1. It is a figure which shows the result of the charging / discharging test (negative electrode: graphite) of the sample obtained in Example 1. It is a figure which shows the result of the charging / discharging test (negative electrode: lithium metal) of the sample obtained in Example 1. It is a figure which shows the X-ray-diffraction pattern of the sample obtained by the comparative example 1. It is a figure which shows the result of the charging / discharging test (negative electrode: lithium metal) of the sample obtained by the comparative example 1. It is a figure which shows the result of the charging / discharging test (negative electrode: graphite) of the sample obtained by the comparative example 1.
  • Lithium nickel composite oxide The present invention includes lithium nickel composite oxide.
  • the lithium nickel composite oxide of the present invention has the general formula (1): Li x NiO 2 + ⁇ (1) [Wherein x represents 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.4, and ⁇ represents ⁇ 0.20 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.20. ] It is a compound represented by these.
  • x corresponds to the molar ratio of Li to Ni (Li / Ni).
  • x is less than 0.8, the capacity is reduced, and when x exceeds 1.4, the crystal structure changes to a monoclinic LiNiO 2 —Li 2 NiO 3 based solid solution having poor battery characteristics.
  • 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.4 is preferable, and 0.9 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.3 is more preferable.
  • ⁇ corresponds to the non-stoichiometry of the oxygen amount.
  • ⁇ is ⁇ 0.20 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.20, preferably ⁇ 0.15 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.15, more preferably ⁇ 0.10 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.10.
  • lithium nickel composite oxide represented by the general formula (1) examples include Li 1.1 NiO 2 and Li 1.16 NiO 2 .
  • the lithium nickel composite oxide of the present invention has a space group:
  • the crystal phase of the hexagonal layered rock salt structure belonging to The lithium nickel-based composite oxide of the present invention only needs to contain a crystal phase of the above hexagonal layered rock salt structure, and a mixture containing a crystal phase of another rock salt structure (for example, a cubic rock salt structure). It may be a phase.
  • a mixed phase the ratio of the crystal phase of the hexagonal layered rock salt structure is 50 to 90% by weight based on the whole mixed phase (100% by weight) from the viewpoint of capacity, cycle characteristics, manufacturing process, etc. preferable.
  • the lithium nickel composite oxide of the present invention may be composed of only the crystal phase of the above hexagonal layered rock salt structure.
  • the lithium nickel composite oxide of the present invention is based on the total amount of elements present in the Ni layer (3b site) as a reference (100%).
  • the occupation ratio is preferably 99.9% or less, particularly preferably 80.0 to 99.0%.
  • the lattice constant a is preferably 2.800 to 2.870, more preferably 2.830 to 2.865, and particularly preferably 2.840 to 2.860.
  • the lattice constant a is in this range, a positive electrode active material having excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained.
  • the lattice constant c is 14.130 to 14.190, preferably 14.131 to 14.180. More preferably, it is not less than 14.132 and not more than 14.160, more preferably not less than 14.133 and not more than 14.150, and particularly preferably not less than 14.135 and not more than 14.140.
  • the lithium nickel composite oxide of the present invention preferably has a value (c / a) obtained by dividing the lattice constant c by the lattice constant a (c / a) from 4.940 to 4.960 from the viewpoints of capacity, cycle characteristics, production process and the like. It is more preferably 4.942 or more and 4.950 or less.
  • the lattice volume is 100.00A 3 or more 100.50 ⁇ less than 3 are preferred, 100.01A 3 or more 100.40A 3 or less , still more preferably 100.02A 3 or more 100.30A 3 or less, more preferably 100.03A 3 or more 100.20A 3 or less, 100.04A 3 or more 100.10A 3 or less is particularly preferred.
  • the crystal structure, the Ni ion occupancy in the Ni layer, the lattice constants a and c, and the lattice volume are all CuK ⁇ as a radiation source, and the measurement range of the diffraction angle 2 ⁇ is 10 ° to 125 °. Powder X-ray diffraction measurement is performed, and determination or calculation is performed by performing Rietveld analysis based on the measurement result.
  • the present invention further includes a method for producing the lithium nickel composite oxide described above.
  • the method for producing a lithium nickel composite oxide of the present invention includes a step of mixing a lithium compound with nickel hydroxide and / or a water-soluble nickel salt in an aqueous solvent (described as “first step” in the present specification). And a step of firing the mixture in an oxidizing atmosphere (may be referred to as “second step” in this specification).
  • the lithium compound used in the first step is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include lithium hydroxide (including hydrate), lithium carbonate, lithium acetate (including hydrate), and lithium nitrate. Moreover, it is preferable to add the lithium compound used in the first step so as to be 1.5 times or more and 2.5 times or less with respect to the number of moles of charged nickel.
  • nickel hydroxide can be used as the nickel hydroxide used in the first step. Moreover, you may use what is obtained by neutralizing water-soluble nickel salt with an alkali as needed. In this case, nickel hydroxide obtained by neutralizing a water-soluble nickel salt with an alkali in advance can be used in the first step, or the water-soluble nickel salt is charged into an aqueous solvent and alkali in the system. Nickel hydroxide can also be obtained by neutralizing with. Examples of the water-soluble nickel salt include nitrates, chlorides, sulfates, acetates, and hydrates thereof. Moreover, water-soluble nickel salt may be used individually by 1 type, and 2 or more types may be mixed and used for it.
  • the alkali used for neutralizing the water-soluble nickel salt is not particularly limited, and for example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, ammonia and the like can be used.
  • the concentration of the alkali may be a concentration that can maintain pH 11 or more during the neutralization step in which the water-soluble nickel salt is dropped into the alkali.
  • the temperature during the neutralization step is preferably -10 ° C or higher and 50 ° C or lower. By reducing the neutralization temperature, the nucleation rate of nickel hydroxide is increased, and finer and more reactive nickel hydroxide can be obtained.
  • an antifreeze such as ethanol may be added to the alkaline aqueous solution.
  • lithium hydroxide when making it react at low temperature, it is preferable to use lithium hydroxide as an alkali. There is no need to remove other alkali ions as lithium hydroxide impurities, and the remaining lithium hydroxide can be used as the above-described lithium compound.
  • finish of dripping as needed in order to mature
  • the specific method of the first step is not particularly limited, but nickel hydroxide is added to the aqueous solution containing the lithium compound from the viewpoint of easy availability of the lithium nickel composite oxide of the present invention and the ease of the manufacturing process. And / or it is preferable to set it as the process of adding water-soluble nickel salt.
  • the aqueous solution containing the lithium compound used in the first step is preferably alkaline.
  • the alkali source is not particularly limited, and for example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, ammonia and the like can be used. Further, lithium hydroxide is preferable because it acts not only as an alkali source but also as a lithium compound.
  • the manufacturing method of the lithium nickel type complex oxide of the present invention includes a step of drying the mixture, if necessary, before the second step described later after the first step.
  • the drying method is not particularly limited and can be performed according to a conventional method. For example, a method of transferring the mixture obtained in the first step to a container such as a petri dish and putting it in a drier kept at 50 ° C. or more and drying for several hours can be mentioned.
  • the dry powder of the mixture obtained at the 1st process can be prepared.
  • the mixture obtained in the first step is baked in an oxidizing atmosphere.
  • the oxidizing atmosphere is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an atmospheric atmosphere and an oxygen stream. If the firing temperature exceeds 690 ° C, the cycle characteristics may be deteriorated, so the temperature is 690 ° C or less, preferably 600 ° C or more and 690 ° C or less, more preferably 620 ° C or more and 680 ° C or less. Further, the firing time is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, about 1 hour to 30 hours. In addition, it is preferable to perform this baking only once instead of performing multiple times from the viewpoint of further improving cycle characteristics without excessive baking.
  • the method for producing a lithium nickel composite oxide of the present invention preferably includes a step of cooling the fired product obtained in the second step.
  • the method for cooling the fired product is not particularly limited, and can be performed according to a conventional method. For example, a method of leaving the fired product in a furnace to near room temperature can be used.
  • the obtained fired product is pulverized, washed, filtered, and dried. It is preferable to include at least one step.
  • the specific method of these steps is not particularly limited, and can be performed according to a conventional method.
  • Positive electrode material for lithium ion secondary battery and lithium ion secondary battery can be used as a positive electrode material for lithium ion secondary battery. Furthermore, by combining with the positive electrode material for lithium ion secondary battery, negative electrode, electrolyte (including solid electrolyte), and separator, the lithium ion secondary battery having high capacity and excellent cycle characteristics (non-aqueous lithium ion secondary battery) And an all-solid-state lithium ion secondary battery).
  • the negative electrode is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include metallic lithium, graphite, Si—SiO negative electrode, and LTO negative electrode.
  • the electrolyte is not particularly limited, and is an organic electrolytic solution in which LiPF 6 is used as a supporting salt and dissolved in various solvents such as ethyl carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC), Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 , Li 2.
  • solvents such as ethyl carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC), Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 , Li 2.
  • examples thereof include inorganic sulfide-based solid electrolytes such as S—GeS 2 —P 2 S 5 and Li 2 S—SiS 2 —Li 3 PO 4, and polymer polymers having lithium ion conductivity.
  • the separator is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyethylene and polypropylene.
  • Example 1 Sample Preparation 20.98 g (0.50 mol) of lithium hydroxide monohydrate was added to 200 ml of distilled water and completely dissolved. To the lithium hydroxide solution, 23.18 g (0.25 mol) of nickel hydroxide was added and dispersed by stirring. The obtained mixture was transferred to a petri-tetrafluoroethylene petri dish, and the petri dish was placed in a drier kept at 100 ° C. and dried for 3 hours. The obtained dry powder was pulverized and mixed, heated to 650 ° C. over 1 hour in an oxygen stream in an electric furnace, fired for 20 hours, and then cooled to near room temperature in the furnace to obtain a fired product. . The obtained fired product was pulverized, washed with distilled water, filtered, and dried at 100 ° C. to obtain a product.
  • FIG. 1 shows an actual measurement (+) and a calculated (solid line) X-ray diffraction pattern of the product obtained above. Further, by Rietveld analysis, the obtained product is a hexagonal LiNiO 2 single phase having a layered rock salt structure, a lattice constant a is 2.85856 (7) 7, and a lattice constant c is 14.1383 (3 ) ⁇ , lattice volume is 100.051 (4) ⁇ 3 , c / a value is 4.946, Ni ion occupancy in Ni layer is 90.4 (2)%, Ni ion occupancy in Li layer is It was found to be 1.27 (7)%.
  • the product obtained above, ketjen black, and polytetrafluoroethylene were mixed at a weight ratio of 84: 8: 8, and the charge capacity was set to 40 mAh after the stage charge method (starting from 40 mAh / g charge and discharging.
  • the battery is then activated by charging to 4.6 V and then discharged to 2.0 V), and then charged for 20 cycles at 2.0 to 4.6 V. Discharged.
  • the results are shown in FIG.
  • the initial discharge capacity reached 222 mAh / g, and the discharge capacity after 20 cycles was maintained at 89%. From this, it was found that even when the amount of the active material in the positive electrode material was increased to 84%, good charge / discharge characteristics were exhibited.
  • the temperature is again raised to 700 ° C. in an oxygen stream over 1 hour in an electric furnace, fired for 20 hours, and then cooled to near room temperature in the furnace to obtain a fired product. It was.
  • the obtained fired product was pulverized, washed with distilled water, filtered, and dried at 100 ° C. to obtain a product.
  • FIG. 5 shows an actual measurement (+) and calculation (solid line) X-ray diffraction pattern of the product obtained above. Further, by Rietveld analysis, the obtained product is a hexagonal LiNiO 2 single phase having a layered rock salt structure, the lattice constant a is 2.87589 (3) ⁇ , and the lattice constant c is 14.19150 (13 ), Lattice volume is 100.6489 (18) 3 , c / a value is 4.935, Ni ion occupancy in Ni layer is 100%, Ni ion occupancy in Li layer is 0.56 (5 )%.
  • Example 1 was compared with the sample of Comparative Example 1 in both cases where the negative electrode was metallic lithium and graphite, the initial charge / discharge capacity, the initial average discharge voltage, and the initial discharge.
  • the energy density is somewhat inferior, it is a level that can be sufficiently used as a positive electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery, the initial charge / discharge efficiency is comparable, and the discharge capacity after 50 cycles and the discharge capacity maintenance rate after 50 cycles are excellent. I found out.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un oxyde composite de lithium et nickel qui est représenté par la formule générale (1) ＬｉｘＮｉＯ２＋δ （１） ［Dans la formule, x est tel que ０,８≦ｘ≦１,３, et δ est tel que －０,２０≦δ≦０,２０. ］, qui contient une phase cristalline de structure de type sel gemme stratifiée à cristaux hexagonaux, et qui présente un paramètre de réseau supérieur ou égal à 14,130Å et inférieur à 14,190. Cet oxyde composite de lithium et nickel possède une grande capacité, et permet d'inhiber de manière considérable une dégradation des caractéristiques de cycle.
PCT/JP2017/030417 2016-08-30 2017-08-24 Oxyde composite de lithium et nickel, et procédé de fabrication de celui-ci Ceased WO2018043302A1 (fr)

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Cited By (1)

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CN110931738A (zh) * 2019-11-20 2020-03-27 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 一种复相高压正极材料及其制备方法

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CN110931738B (zh) * 2019-11-20 2021-08-03 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 一种复相高压正极材料及其制备方法

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