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WO2017219569A1 - 局部弯曲导流的光纤法珀式流量测试装置与测试方法 - Google Patents

局部弯曲导流的光纤法珀式流量测试装置与测试方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017219569A1
WO2017219569A1 PCT/CN2016/103523 CN2016103523W WO2017219569A1 WO 2017219569 A1 WO2017219569 A1 WO 2017219569A1 CN 2016103523 W CN2016103523 W CN 2016103523W WO 2017219569 A1 WO2017219569 A1 WO 2017219569A1
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Prior art keywords
low
voltage end
pressure sensor
fiber optic
fabry
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PCT/CN2016/103523
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘铁根
江俊峰
杨会甲
刘琨
王双
张伟航
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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Priority to US15/559,429 priority Critical patent/US10508938B2/en
Publication of WO2017219569A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017219569A1/zh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
    • G01F1/661—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters using light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
    • G01F1/36—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
    • G01F1/38—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction the pressure or differential pressure being measured by means of a movable element, e.g. diaphragm, piston, Bourdon tube or flexible capsule
    • G01F1/383—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction the pressure or differential pressure being measured by means of a movable element, e.g. diaphragm, piston, Bourdon tube or flexible capsule with electrical or electro-mechanical indication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
    • G01F1/36—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
    • G01F1/38—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction the pressure or differential pressure being measured by means of a movable element, e.g. diaphragm, piston, Bourdon tube or flexible capsule

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and method, and more particularly to a fiber optic Fabry flow test apparatus and method for localized curved diversion.
  • flow testing is widely used.
  • Flow test methods are mainly concentrated on conventional methods such as turbine type, vortex type, venturi pressure type, and electromagnetic type.
  • optical fiber sensing technology With the development of optical fiber sensing technology and the diversification of flow testing environment, in order to achieve flow detection under the harsh environment of anti-magnetic, explosion-proof, high temperature and high pressure, combined with optical fiber sensing test method, it has good anti-magnetic explosion-proof and anti-interference ability. More research on flow detection methods based on fiber sensing technology.
  • Zhang Wentao et al. announced a flowmeter based on fiber optic force measurement (Chinese invention patent application 201210464779.3), through the flow guiding structure, the fluid in the main pipeline is diverted into the test branch pipe according to a certain flow rate ratio, and the force measuring diaphragm device is passed through the branch pipe. Passed to the fiber sensing structure to achieve flow testing.
  • Li Tianshi et al. announced an oilfield downhole fiber optic flow sensor (Chinese invention patent application 201310174087.X), which is packaged with a high-pressure resistant stainless steel diaphragm, and the flow rate is detected by testing the pressure-induced optical path difference.
  • Hua Xia et al. have published a fiber optic sensing system (Patent No.: US2011/0170823 AI) for use in harsh environments.
  • the fiber optic sensor structure consists of periodic or quasi-periodic microcrystals or silica tetrahedra and An outer cladding structure that is adapted to fiber bare fibers.
  • Mikko J et al. announced a fiber optic system for flow detection (Patent No.: US2014/0260588 AI) with a sensor device at the tip end of the drill pipe and a dual fiber grating for small flow testing.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and to provide a fiber-optic Fabry flow test apparatus and method for partially bending and guiding a flow, which simplifies the optical fiber flow test device in the feature that the sensing structure does not penetrate into the pipeline.
  • the structural design based on the fiber Fabry-Perot pressure sensor and the absolute phase difference synchronous demodulation, solves the cross-sensitive problem of temperature-pressure flow test and improves the flow test accuracy.
  • the partially curved flow guiding fiber optic Fabry flow test device of the present invention is composed of a device body, and the device body comprises an inlet flange, a test tube and an outlet flange which are connected from left to right in sequence, and the test tube is left and right
  • the end is set to a straight type, and the middle part is set to an arc shape.
  • the upper and lower sides of the arc-shaped tube wall of the test tube are respectively provided with a high-voltage end fiber optic pressure which is internally connected with the test tube and is provided with a transmission light.
  • Sensor and low-voltage fiber optic Fabry-Perot pressure sensor ;
  • the high-voltage end fiber optic Fabry-Perot pressure sensor is connected with a first circulator, the first circulator is connected with a first light source and a first optical signal demodulation system, and the first optical signal demodulation system is connected with a first line a CCD camera, the low-voltage end fiber optic pressure sensor is connected to a second circulator, the second circulator is connected to a second light source and a second optical signal demodulation system, and the second optical signal demodulation system is connected a second line array CCD camera, the output end of the first line array CCD camera and the output end of the second line array CCD camera are connected to an input end of the signal conditioning acquisition circuit, and the output end of the signal conditioning acquisition circuit is connected to the data Processing unit.
  • the high-voltage end fiber optic pressure sensor and the low-voltage end fiber optic pressure sensor are fixedly connected to the test tube through an auxiliary connecting device, and the auxiliary connecting device is arranged as a hollow cylinder, and the auxiliary connecting device includes the outer and the inner The fixed structure, the sealing structure and the sealing packing layer are provided.
  • the high-voltage end fiber optic pressure sensor and the low-voltage end fiber optic pressure sensor are all packaged by laser welding technology, and both use a single crystal silicon wafer and a corroded glass sheet to form a Fabry cavity.
  • the bending angle of the arc-shaped pipe section in the middle of the test tube is set to 30° to 360°, and the bending diameter ratio is set to 1.1 to 2.5.
  • the lengths of the straight pipe segments at both ends of the test tube are set to be 5 to 10 times the diameter of the pipe to be tested.
  • the object of the present invention can also be achieved by the following technical solutions.
  • a method for testing a fiber-optic Fabry flow test device with locally curved diversion includes the following steps:
  • the high-voltage end fiber optic pressure sensor and the low-voltage end fiber optic pressure sensor respectively sense a high pressure signal and a low pressure signal of a circular arc section in the middle of the test tube, and the high pressure signal and the low pressure signal directly act on the high pressure
  • the end fiber optic pressure sensor diaphragm and the low pressure end fiber optic pressure sensor diaphragm cause the length of the Faber cavity to change, and the high pressure information and low pressure information are implicit in their respective In the optical path difference of the reflected light signal;
  • the reflected light signal of the high voltage end is input to the first optical signal demodulation system through the first circulator, and the reflected light signal of the low voltage end is input to the second optical signal demodulation system through the second circulator, the first optical The signal demodulation system and the second optical signal demodulation system demodulate the reflected optical signals respectively containing different optical path difference information into spatial low-coherence interference patterns;
  • the first line CCD camera receives a spatial low coherence interference pattern from the first optical signal demodulation system and converts it into a high voltage end electrical signal, the second linear array CCD camera receiving the second optical signal The spatial low-coherence interference pattern of the demodulation system is converted into a low-voltage end electrical signal;
  • the high-voltage end electric signal and the low-voltage end electric signal are all sent to the data processing unit through the signal conditioning acquisition circuit, firstly determining the high-low voltage end absolute phase difference ⁇ s , and then according to the formula Find the absolute pressure difference ⁇ P at the high and low pressure end, where E is the elastic modulus of the diaphragm material, D is the diaphragm diameter, l is the diaphragm thickness, v is the Poisson's ratio, k s is the s point wave number; Swirling theory Calculate the fluid flow rate Q in the pipe to be tested, where ⁇ is the correction factor, R is the radius of curvature of the arc-shaped pipe section in the middle of the test tube, A is the inner diameter of the arc-shaped pipe section in the middle of the test tube, and ⁇ is the fluid density.
  • the middle portion of the test tube is arranged in a circular arc shape, and a high-voltage end fiber optic Fabry-Perot pressure sensor and a low-voltage end fiber optic Fabry-Perot pressure sensor connected to the test tube are respectively disposed above and below the arc-shaped tube wall. Inside the test tube, the disturbing effect on the flow field in the test tube is eliminated;
  • the high-voltage end fiber optic Fabry-Perot pressure sensor and the low-voltage end fiber optic Fabry-Perot pressure sensor adopt a laser welding package technology and a differential pressure asymmetric dual sensor arrangement structure, which effectively reduces the test error caused by temperature cross sensitivity in a high temperature environment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the overall sealing and fixing structure of the high-voltage end fiber Fabry-Perot pressure sensor
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the overall sealing and fixing structure of the low-voltage end fiber optic Fabry-Perot pressure sensor.
  • the partially curved flow guided fiber optic Fabry flow test device of the present invention is composed of a device body including an inlet flange 1 and a test tube 2 which are sequentially connected from left to right. And the outlet flange 3, the inlet flange 1 and the outlet flange 3 are connected to the pipeline to be tested, the left and right ends of the test tube 2 are arranged in a straight line shape, and the middle portion is arranged in a circular arc shape, the test
  • the length of the straight pipe section at both ends of the pipe 2 is set to be 5 to 10 times the diameter of the pipe to be tested, and the bending angle of the arc segment of the middle of the test pipe 2 is set to 30° to 360°, preferably 90°, and the arc
  • the ratio of the centerline radius of the tubular section to the inner diameter of the test tube 2 is referred to as the ratio of the bend to the diameter, and the ratio of the bend diameter is set to be 1.1 to 2.5, preferably 1.44.
  • the upper and lower sides of the arc tube wall of the test tube 2 are respectively provided with a high-voltage end fiber optic pressure sensor 4 and a low-voltage end fiber optic pressure sensor 5 which are internally connected with the test tube 2 and are provided with light transmission.
  • the end faces of the high-voltage end fiber Fabry-Perot pressure sensor 4 and the low-voltage end fiber Fabry-Perot pressure sensor 5 are all close to the inner wall of the arc-shaped pipe section but are not penetrated into the arc-shaped pipe section.
  • the transmission fiber form is not limited to a form of multimode fiber, and includes a large core fiber, a single mode fiber, etc., and the transmission light is used to realize transmission of an optical signal, including incident light and outgoing light, and the transmission
  • the optical fiber is fixedly connected with the fiber Fabry-Perot pressure sensor, and the connection between the fiber Fabry-Perot pressure sensor and the light source and the signal processing system is realized through the connection flange.
  • the high-voltage end fiber optic pressure sensor 4 and the low-voltage end fiber optic pressure sensor 5 are all packaged by laser welding technology, and the whole has no traditional rubber seal, which avoids high temperature deformation during rubber sealing, and both use single crystal silicon wafers and A glass piece that is etched with micropits forms a Faber cavity.
  • the single crystal silicon wafer forms a pressure sensing diaphragm, and the high temperature resistant glass sheet has a pit depth to form a Fabry cavity with an initial length of 100 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m.
  • the high-voltage end fiber optic pressure sensor 4 and the low-voltage end fiber optic pressure sensor 5 are both set to have a diameter of 1 mm to 10 mm and a length of 5 mm to 40 mm.
  • the high-voltage end fiber optic pressure sensor, 4 and the low-voltage end fiber optic pressure sensor 5 are fixedly connected to the test tube 2 through an auxiliary connecting device, the auxiliary connecting device is arranged as a hollow cylinder, and the auxiliary connecting device comprises a hollow fixing structure 6 and a sealing structure 7 disposed in order from the outside, wherein the sealing structure 7 is provided with a high-voltage end fiber Faber pressure sensor 4 or a low-voltage end fiber Fabry pressure sensor 5, and the high-voltage end fiber method
  • a high temperature resistant sealing packing layer 8 is disposed between the pressure sensor 4 and the sealing structure 7, and an O-ring and a gasket can be used to strengthen the sealing.
  • a sealing packing layer 8 is disposed between the low-voltage end fiber optic pressure sensor 5 and the sealing structure 7.
  • the sealing structure 7 is made of a high-strength stainless steel material and is connected to the fixing structure 6 by a screw thread, and the bottom end can be provided with a finite end.
  • the stage, the high-voltage end fiber optic Fabry-Perot pressure sensor 4 and the low-voltage end fiber Opal pressure sensor 5 are placed close to the inner wall of the test tube 2 without being penetrated into the interior thereof.
  • the high-voltage end fiber optic pressure sensor 4 is connected to a first circulator 11 to which the first light source 9 and the first optical signal demodulation system 13 are connected, and the first optical signal demodulation system 13 is connected.
  • There is a first linear array CCD camera 15 the low-voltage end fiber optic pressure sensor 5 is connected with a second circulator 12, and the second circulator 12 is connected with a second light source 10 and a second optical signal demodulation system 14,
  • the second optical signal demodulation system 14 is connected to the second linear CCD camera 16, and the output of the first linear CCD camera 15 and the output of the second linear CCD camera 16 are both input to the signal conditioning acquisition circuit 17.
  • the terminals are connected, and the output of the signal conditioning acquisition circuit 17 is connected to the data processing unit 18.
  • the first light source 9 and the second light source 10 each use a broadband light source.
  • the first optical signal demodulation system 13 and the second optical signal demodulation system 14 each include an optical cylindrical collimating mirror, an optical polarizer, an optical wedge, an analyzer, and a demodulation signal output interface which are sequentially disposed along the optical path. Wait.
  • the optical cylindrical collimating mirror realizes calibration of the reflected signal of the fiber Fabry-Perot sensor, and inputs it into the optical polarizer as perpendicular as possible;
  • the optical polarizer completes the optical signal of ordinary light O light and extraordinary light E light Separating, realizing polarized light extraction;
  • the wedge implements an equal thickness interference function of the optical signal, and completing equivalent conversion of the spatial low-coherence interference signal;
  • the analyzer performs superposition of interference signals to obtain a maximum interference intensity signal;
  • the signal output interface is an output interface of the optical debit signal, and is in sealing contact with the linear array CCD camera to avoid external interference input of natural light.
  • the signal conditioning acquisition circuit 17 realizes the acquisition and extraction of the multi-channel CCD electrical signal, and the acquisition signal is transmitted to the subsequent data processing unit 18, and the model includes but is not limited to the embedded multi-channel high-frequency data acquisition device and the NIUSB series data acquisition card (such as 6210, 6341, 6361, etc.).
  • the method for testing the above-mentioned partially curved diversion fiber optic Fabry flow test device comprises the following steps:
  • the fiber-optic Fabry flow test device of the partially curved diversion is connected to the pipeline to be tested, and the first light source 9 and the second light source 10 are turned on, and the emitted light enters the first circulator 11 and the second circulator 12 respectively.
  • the fiber Fabry-Perot pressure sensor 4 Faber cavity and low-voltage end fiber Fabry-Perot pressure sensor 5 Faiper cavity.
  • the pressure of the test tube 2 changes due to the fluid centrifugal motion, respectively forming a high pressure concentration zone and a low
  • the pressure concentration zone produces a pressure difference that is related to the flow rate.
  • the high-voltage end fiber optic pressure sensor 4 and the low-voltage end fiber optic pressure sensor 5 respectively sense the high pressure signal and the low pressure signal of the arc segment of the middle portion of the test tube 2, and the high pressure signal and the low pressure signal directly act respectively.
  • the high-voltage end fiber optic pressure sensor 4 diaphragm and the low-voltage end fiber optic pressure sensor 5 diaphragm resulting in a change in the length of the Fabry cavity, resulting in a shift in the reflected light, so that the optical path difference constantly changes, and finally Both high pressure information and low pressure information are implicit in the optical path difference of the respective reflected light signal changes.
  • the reflected light signal of the high voltage end is input to the first optical signal demodulation system 13 through the first circulator 11
  • the reflected light signal of the low voltage end is input to the second optical signal demodulation system 14 through the second circulator 12 .
  • the first optical signal demodulation system 13 and the second optical signal demodulation system 14 demodulate the reflected optical signals containing different optical path difference information into spatial low-coherence interference patterns, respectively.
  • the first line CCD camera 15 receives a spatial low coherence interference pattern from the first optical signal demodulation system 13 and converts it into a high voltage end electrical signal, the second linear array CCD camera 16 receiving the second optical signal The spatial low coherence interference pattern of the demodulation system 14 is converted to a low voltage side electrical signal.
  • the high voltage end electrical signal and the low voltage end electrical signal are both sent to the data processing unit 18 (embedded system or PC industrial computer) through the signal conditioning acquisition circuit 17, to complete signal processing and display.
  • the data processing unit 18 embedded system or PC industrial computer
  • the relative phase of a certain wave number point s is required.
  • the interference level m is required.
  • P(s) is the frequency domain value after the low coherence interference signal fft transform
  • m is the interference order obtained after the fft transform
  • arctan ⁇ Im(P(s))/Re(P(s)) ⁇ is defined as Relative phase of point s
  • m h is the interference level of the high voltage end
  • m l is the interference level of the low voltage end.
  • the value of the relative phase of the s-point of the high and low voltage terminals is approximately 0 when the value of the center frequency (the first-order frequency at which the energy is maximum after the DC component is removed) after the fft transformation.
  • E is the film material characteristic elastic modulus
  • D is the diaphragm diameter
  • l is the diaphragm thickness
  • v is the Poisson's ratio
  • k s is the s point wave number.
  • Q is the fluid flow rate
  • ⁇ is the correction factor
  • R is the radius of curvature of the arc-shaped tube section in the middle of the test tube
  • A is the inner diameter of the arc-shaped tube section in the middle of the test tube
  • ⁇ is the fluid density.
  • the flow rate of the fluid in the pipe under test can be calculated. Because the high and low pressure end test pressure points are on the same circumferential section, combined with the equipotentiality of the local fluid temperature field distribution of the pipeline, it is known that the temperature distribution fields of the two points are approximately the same, then the temperature of the fiber Fabric cavity is slightly changed due to temperature changes. The same on the low-voltage end, so that the absolute phase of the reflected light contains the same amount of temperature strain components, then the differential processing method for the absolute phase of the high-low voltage end test can be used to further eliminate the temperature cross-sensitivity in the isothermal field and finally increase the flow rate. Test accuracy.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)

Abstract

一种局部弯曲导流的光纤法珀式流量测试装置，包括入口法兰（1）、测试管（2）和出口法兰（3），高压端光纤法珀压力传感器（4）连第一环形器（11），第一环形器（11）连第一光源（9）和第一光学信号解调系统（13），第一光学信号解调系统（13）连第一线阵CCD相机（15），低压端光纤法珀压力传感器（5）连第二环形器（12），第二环形器（12）连第二光源（10）和第二光学信号解调系统（14），第二光学信号解调系统（14）连第二线阵CCD相机（16），第一线阵CCD相机（15）和第二线阵CCD相机（16）连信号调理采集电路（17），信号调理采集电路（17）连数据处理单元（18）。方法：高压力信号和低压力信号导致法珀腔长度变化，高压端电信号和低压端电信号送到数据处理单元，计算流体流量。本装置解决了温度对压力式流量测试的交叉敏感问题，提高了流量测试精度。

Description

局部弯曲导流的光纤法珀式流量测试装置与测试方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种装置和方法，更具体的说，是涉及一种局部弯曲导流的光纤法珀式流量测试装置与方法。
背景技术
当前工业生产中，流量测试场合广泛。流量测试方法主要集中在涡轮式、涡街式、文丘里管压力式、电磁式等常规方法上。随着光纤传感技术的发展，以及流量测试环境的多样化，为了实现防磁、防爆、高温高压等恶劣环境下的流量检测，结合光纤传感测试法有良好的防磁防爆抗干扰能力，目前有较多基于光纤传感技术的流量检测方法研究。
张文涛等人公布了一种基于光纤测力的流量计(中国发明专利申请201210464779.3)，通过导流结构将主管道内流体按照一定流速比例导流到测试支管内，在支管内通过测力膜片装置传递给光纤传感结构实现流量测试。李天诗等人公布了一种油田井下光纤流量传感器(中国发明专利申请201310174087.X)，采用耐高压的不锈钢膜片封装而成，通过测试压力致光程差实现流量检测。
Hua Xia等人公布了一种适用于恶劣环境下的光纤传感系统(专利号：US2011/0170823 AI)，光纤传感器结构由具有周期性或准周期性的微晶体或二氧化硅四面体以及一个适应于光纤裸纤的外包层结构组成。Mikko J等人公布了一款流量检测用光纤系统(专利号：US2014/0260588 AI)，传感器装置于钻杆头端，采用双光纤光栅实现小流量测试。
虽然光纤光栅传感技术可实现流量测试，但因其温度敏感性强，所以会受到温度交叉影响；因此，如何解决高温高压环境下现有光纤流量检测技术中存在的流量测试受到温度交叉敏感影响等问题，已经成为当前光纤流量检测技术的重点研究方向。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术中的不足，提供一种局部弯曲导流的光纤法珀式流量测试装置与方法，在传感结构不探入管道内的特点，简化了光纤流量测试装置的结构设计，同时基于光纤法珀压力传感器与绝对相位差同步解调解决了温度对压力式流量测试的交叉敏感问题，提高了流量测试精度。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的。
本发明的局部弯曲导流的光纤法珀式流量测试装置，由装置本体构成，所述装置本体包括由左至右依次连接的入口法兰、测试管和出口法兰，所述测试管左右两端设置为直线型，中部设置为圆弧型，所述测试管中部圆弧型管壁上下两侧沿对称轴线分别设置有与测试管相连通的内部设置有传输光线的高压端光纤法珀压力传感器和低压端光纤法珀压力传感器；
所述高压端光纤法珀压力传感器连接有第一环形器，所述第一环形器连接有第一光源和第一光学信号解调系统，所述第一光学信号解调系统连接有第一线阵CCD相机，所述低压端光纤法珀压力传感器连接有第二环形器，所述第二环形器连接有第二光源和第二光学信号解调系统，所述第二光学信号解调系统连接有第二线阵CCD相机，所述第一线阵CCD相机的输出端和第二线阵CCD相机的输出端均与信号调理采集电路的输入端相连接，所述信号调理采集电路的输出端连接数据处理单元。
所述高压端光纤法珀压力传感器和低压端光纤法珀压力传感器均通过辅助连接装置与测试管固定连接，所述辅助连接装置设置为中空圆柱体，所述辅助连接装置包括由外而内依次设置的固接结构、密封结构和密封填料层。
所述高压端光纤法珀压力传感器和低压端光纤法珀压力传感器均采用激光熔接技术进行封装，均采用单晶硅片和腐蚀有坑的玻璃片形成法珀腔。
所述测试管中部圆弧型管段的弯曲角度设置为30°～360°，弯径比设置为1.1～2.5。
所述测试管两端直线型管段的长度均设置为被测管道直径的5～10倍。
本发明的目的还可通过以下技术方案实现。
一种局部弯曲导流的光纤法珀式流量测试装置的测试方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将所述局部弯曲导流的光纤法珀式流量测试装置与被测管道连接，打开第一光源和第二光源，流体流过测试管中部圆弧型管段时，在圆弧型管段的外侧和内侧形成高压力集中区和低压力集中区；
(2)所述高压端光纤法珀压力传感器和低压端光纤法珀压力传感器分别感应测试管中部圆弧型管段的高压力信号和低压力信号，高压力信号和低压力信号分别直接作用于高压端光纤法珀压力传感器膜片和低压端光纤法珀压力传感器膜片，导致其法珀腔长度均发生变化，高压力信息和低压力信息均隐含在各自的 反射光信号变化的光程差中；
(3)所述高压端的反射光信号通过第一环形器输入到第一光学信号解调系统，所述低压端的反射光信号通过第二环形器输入到第二光学信号解调系统，第一光学信号解调系统和第二光学信号解调系统将分别含有不同光程差信息的反射光信号解调为空间低相干干涉图样；
(4)所述第一线阵CCD相机接收来自第一光学信号解调系统的空间低相干干涉图样，并将其转化为高压端电信号，所述第二线阵CCD相机接收来自第二光学信号解调系统的空间低相干干涉图样，并将其转化为低压端电信号；
(5)所述高压端电信号和低压端电信号均通过信号调理采集电路输送到数据处理单元，首先求出高低压端绝对相位差Δαs，然后根据公式
Figure PCTCN2016103523-appb-000001
求出高低压端绝对压力差ΔP，其中，E为膜片材料特性弹性模量，D为膜片直径，l为膜片厚度，v为泊松比，ks为s点波数；最后根据强制旋流理论
Figure PCTCN2016103523-appb-000002
计算得到被测管道内的流体流量Q，其中，β为修正系数，R为测试管中部圆弧型管段的曲率半径，A为测试管中部圆弧型管段的内径，ρ为流体密度。
与现有技术相比，本发明的技术方案所带来的有益效果是：
(1)本发明中，测试管中部设置为圆弧型，在圆弧型管壁上下分别设置有与测试管相连通的高压端光纤法珀压力传感器和低压端光纤法珀压力传感器，不探入测试管内部，消除了对测试管内流场的扰动性影响；
(2)本发明中，高压端光纤法珀压力传感器和低压端光纤法珀压力传感器采用激光熔接封装技术和差压非对称双传感器布置结构，有效降低了高温环境下温度交叉敏感导致的测试误差；
(3)本发明中，由于采用高低压端绝对相位差的差求解管道内流体的流量，从算法上避免了温度压力的交叉敏感，提高了管道内流体流量的测试精度。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图；
图2是高压端光纤法珀压力传感器整体密封固接结构截面图；
图3是低压端光纤法珀压力传感器整体密封固接结构截面图。
附图标记:1入口法兰；2测试管；3出口法兰；4高压端光纤法珀压力传感器；5低压端光纤法珀压力传感器；6固接结构；7密封结构；8密封填料层；9第一光源；10第二光源；11第一环形器；12第二环形器；13第一光学信号解调系统；14第二光学信号解调系统；15第一线阵CCD相机；16第二线阵CCD相机；17信号调理采集电路；18数据处理单元。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的描述。
如图1和图3所示，本发明的局部弯曲导流的光纤法珀式流量测试装置，由装置本体构成，所述装置本体包括由左至右依次连接的入口法兰1、测试管2和出口法兰3，所述入口法兰1和出口法兰3用于与被测管道相连接，所述测试管2左右两端均设置为直线型，中部设置为圆弧型，所述测试管2两端直线型管段的长度均设置为被测管道直径的5～10倍，所述测试管2中部圆弧型管段的弯曲角度设置为30°～360°，优选为90°，圆弧型管段中心线半径与测试管2内径之比称之为弯径比，所述弯径比设置为1.1～2.5，优选为1.44。所述测试管2中部圆弧型管壁上下两侧沿对称轴线分别设置有与测试管2相连通的内部设置有传输光线的高压端光纤法珀压力传感器4和低压端光纤法珀压力传感器5，所述高压端光纤法珀压力传感器4和低压端光纤法珀压力传感器5的端面均贴近圆弧型管段的内壁但不探入圆弧型管段内。所述传输光纤形式并不局限于多模光纤一种形式，还包括大芯径光纤、单模光纤等，所述传输光线用于实现光学信号的传输，包括入射光和出射光，所述传输光纤与光纤法珀压力传感器固定连接一体，并通过连接法兰实现光纤法珀压力传感器与光源及信号处理系统的连接。
所述高压端光纤法珀压力传感器4和低压端光纤法珀压力传感器5均采用激光熔接技术进行封装，整体无传统胶封，避免了胶封时的高温形变，且均采用单晶硅片和腐蚀有微坑的玻璃片形成法珀腔。单晶硅片形成压力感应膜片，抗高温玻璃片微坑深度形成法珀腔体的初始长度为100μm～300μm。高压端光纤法珀压力传感器4和低压端光纤法珀压力传感器5直径均设置为1mm～10mm，长度均设置为5mm～40mm。
所述高压端光纤法珀压力传感,4和低压端光纤法珀压力传感器5均通过辅助连接装置与测试管2固定连接，所述辅助连接装置设置为中空圆柱体，所述辅助连接装置包括由外而内依次设置的中空的固接结构6和密封结构7，所述密封结构7内设置有高压端光纤法珀压力传感器4或低压端光纤法珀压力传感器5，所述高压端光纤法珀压力传感器4与密封结构7之间设置有耐高温的密封填料层8，还可采用O形圈和垫片加强密封。所述低压端光纤法珀压力传感器5与密封结构7之间设置有密封填料层8，所述密封结构7采用高强度不锈钢材料，通过螺纹方式与固接结构6连接，底部可设置有限位端台，控制高压端光纤法珀压力传感器4和低压端光纤法珀压力传感器5在贴近测试管2内壁的同时不探入其内部。
所述高压端光纤法珀压力传感器4连接有第一环形器11，所述第一环形器11连接有第一光源9和第一光学信号解调系统13，第一光学信号解调系统13连接有第一线阵CCD相机15，所述低压端光纤法珀压力传感器5连接有第二环形器12，所述第二环形器12连接有第二光源10和第二光学信号解调系统14，所述第二光学信号解调系统14连接有第二线阵CCD相机16，所述第一线阵CCD相机15的输出端和第二线阵CCD相机16的输出端均与信号调理采集电路17的输入端相连接，所述信号调理采集电路17的输出端连接数据处理单元18。所述第一光源9和第二光源10均采用宽带光源。所述第一光学信号解调系统13和第二光学信号解调系统14均包括沿光路依次设置的光学柱面准直镜、光学起偏器、光楔、检偏器和解调信号输出接口等。所述光学柱面准直镜实现光纤法珀传感器反射信号的校准，使其尽量垂直输入到光学起偏器中；所述光学起偏器完成光学信号寻常光O光和非寻常光E光的分离，实现偏振光提取；所述光楔实现光学信号的等厚干涉功能，完成空间低相干干涉信号的等效转换；所述检偏器实现干涉信号叠加，获取最大干涉强度信号；所述解调信号输出接口为光学借条信号的输出接口，与所述线阵CCD相机密封接触，避免外界自然光的干扰输入。所述信号调理采集电路17实现多通道CCD电信号的采集提取，以及采集信号传输给后续数据处理单元18，型号包括但不局限于嵌入式多通道高频数据采集设备、NIUSB系列数据采集卡(如6210、6341、6361等)。
上述局部弯曲导流的光纤法珀式流量测试装置的测试方法，包括以下步骤：
首先，将所述局部弯曲导流的光纤法珀式流量测试装置与被测管道连接，打开第一光源9和第二光源10，发射光分别进入第一环形器11和第二环形器12后入射到高压端光纤法珀压力传感器4法珀腔和低压端光纤法珀压力传感器5法珀腔内。当流体以一定流速流过测试管2，通过中部圆弧型管段时在1/2弯角外侧和内侧壁面，因流体离心运动测试管2承受的压力发生变化，分别形成高压力集中区和低压力集中区，产生与流速有一定关系的压力差。
然后，所述高压端光纤法珀压力传感器4和低压端光纤法珀压力传感器5分别感应测试管2中部圆弧型管段的高压力信号和低压力信号，高压力信号和低压力信号分别直接作用于高压端光纤法珀压力传感器4膜片和低压端光纤法珀压力传感器5膜片，导致其法珀腔长度均发生变化，从而导致反射光发生偏移使得光程差不断发生变化，最终使高压力信息和低压力信息均隐含在各自的反射光信号变化的光程差中。
其次，所述高压端的反射光信号通过第一环形器11输入到第一光学信号解调系统13，所述低压端的反射光信号通过第二环形器12输入到第二光学信号解调系统14，第一光学信号解调系统13和第二光学信号解调系统14分别将含有不同光程差信息的反射光信号解调为空间低相干干涉图样。
所述第一线阵CCD相机15接收来自第一光学信号解调系统13的空间低相干干涉图样，并将其转化为高压端电信号，所述第二线阵CCD相机16接收来自第二光学信号解调系统14的空间低相干干涉图样，并将其转化为低压端电信号。
所述高压端电信号和低压端电信号均通过信号调理采集电路17输送到数据处理单元18(嵌入式系统或PC工业电脑)，完成信号处理与显示等。
首先，结合空间低相干干涉理论求高低压端绝对相位，需要求得某波数点s的相对相位
Figure PCTCN2016103523-appb-000003
及干涉级次m。
s点的绝对相位计算表达式：
Figure PCTCN2016103523-appb-000004
其中，P(s)为低相干干涉信号fft变换后的频域值，m为fft变换后求解所得干涉级次；arctan{Im(P(s))/Re(P(s))}定义为s点的相对相位
Figure PCTCN2016103523-appb-000005
高压端绝对相位：
Figure PCTCN2016103523-appb-000006
低压端绝对相位：
Figure PCTCN2016103523-appb-000007
其中，
Figure PCTCN2016103523-appb-000008
为高压端相对相位，
Figure PCTCN2016103523-appb-000009
为低压端相对相位，mh为高压端干涉级次，ml为低压端干涉级次。高低压端s点相对相位的值取fft变换后中心频率(去直流分量后能量最大处一阶频率)值对应的相位值近似为0。
因此，得到简化后的高低压端绝对相位差计算表达式：
Figure PCTCN2016103523-appb-000010
根据绝对压力差和绝对相位差之间存在的关系：
Figure PCTCN2016103523-appb-000011
式中，E为膜片材料特性弹性模量，D为膜片直径，l为膜片厚度，v为泊松比，ks为s点波数。
依据流体力学中的强制旋流理，可推导出流体流量和高低压端绝对相位差的关系：
Figure PCTCN2016103523-appb-000012
式中，Q为流体流量，β为修正系数，R为测试管中部圆弧型管段的曲率半径，A为测试管中部圆弧型管段的内径，ρ为流体密度。
如此，可计算求解被测管道内流体的流量。因高、低压端测试压力点在同一圆周截面上，结合管道局部流体温度场分布等势性，知两点温度分布场近似相同，则此时因温度变化导致光纤法珀腔长微变在高低压端上相同，从而使得反射光绝对相位内含有等量温度应变成分，那么采用先对高低压端测试所得绝对相位进行差值处理方法，可更进一步消除等温场下温度交叉敏感，最终提高流量测试精度。
尽管上面结合附图对本发明的功能及工作过程进行了描述，但本发明并不局 限于上述的具体功能和工作过程，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可以做出很多形式，这些均属于本发明的保护之内。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种局部弯曲导流的光纤法珀式流量测试装置，由装置本体构成，其特征在于，所述装置本体包括由左至右依次连接的入口法兰、测试管和出口法兰，所述测试管左右两端设置为直线型，中部设置为圆弧型，所述测试管中部圆弧型管壁上下两侧沿对称轴线分别设置有与测试管相连通的内部设置有传输光线的高压端光纤法珀压力传感器和低压端光纤法珀压力传感器；
    所述高压端光纤法珀压力传感器连接有第一环形器，所述第一环形器连接有第一光源和第一光学信号解调系统，所述第一光学信号解调系统连接有第一线阵CCD相机，所述低压端光纤法珀压力传感器连接有第二环形器，所述第二环形器连接有第二光源和第二光学信号解调系统，所述第二光学信号解调系统连接有第二线阵CCD相机，所述第一线阵CCD相机的输出端和第二线阵CCD相机的输出端均与信号调理采集电路的输入端相连接，所述信号调理采集电路的输出端连接数据处理单元。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的局部弯曲导流的光纤法珀式流量测试装置，其特征在于，所述高压端光纤法珀压力传感器和低压端光纤法珀压力传感器均通过辅助连接装置与测试管固定连接，所述辅助连接装置设置为中空圆柱体，所述辅助连接装置包括由外而内依次设置的固接结构、密封结构和密封填料层。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的局部弯曲导流的光纤法珀式流量测试装置，其特征在于，所述压端光纤法珀压力传感器和低压端光纤法珀压力传感器均采用激光熔接技术进行封装，均采用单晶硅片和腐蚀有坑的玻璃片形成法珀腔。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的局部弯曲导流的光纤法珀式流量测试装置，其特征在于，所述测试管中部圆弧型管段的弯曲角度设置为30°～360°，弯径比设置为1.1～2.5。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的局部弯曲导流的光纤法珀式流量测试装置，其特征在于，所述测试管两端直线型管段的长度均设置为被测管道直径的5～10倍。
  6. 一种权利要求1至4任意一项所述的局部弯曲导流的光纤法珀式流量测试装置的测试方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    (1)将所述局部弯曲导流的光纤法珀式流量测试装置与被测管道连接，打开第一光源和第二光源，流体流过测试管中部圆弧型管段时，在圆弧型管段的外侧和内侧形成高压力集中区和低压力集中区；
    (2)所述高压端光纤法珀压力传感器和低压端光纤法珀压力传感器分别感应测试管中部圆弧型管段的高压力信号和低压力信号，高压力信号和低压力信号分别直接作用于高压端光纤法珀压力传感器膜片和低压端光纤法珀压力传感器膜片，导致其法珀腔长度均发生变化，高压力信息和低压力信息均隐含在各自的反射光信号变化的光程差中；
    (3)所述高压端的反射光信号通过第一环形器输入到第一光学信号解调系统，所述低压端的反射光信号通过第二环形器输入到第二光学信号解调系统，第一光学信号解调系统和第二光学信号解调系统将分别含有不同光程差信息的反射光信号解调为空间低相干干涉图样；
    (4)所述第一线阵CCD相机接收来自第一光学信号解调系统的空间低相干干涉图样，并将其转化为高压端电信号，所述第二线阵CCD相机接收来自第二光学信号解调系统的空间低相干干涉图样，并将其转化为低压端电信号；
    (5)所述高压端电信号和低压端电信号均通过信号调理采集电路输送到数据处理单元，首先求出高低压端绝对相位差Δαs，然后根据公式
    Figure PCTCN2016103523-appb-100001
    求出高低压端绝对压力差ΔP，其中，E为膜片材料特性弹性模量，D为膜片直径，l为膜片厚度，v为泊松比，ks为s点波数；最后根据强制旋流理论
    Figure PCTCN2016103523-appb-100002
    计算得到被测管道内的流体流量Q，其中，β为修正系数，R为测试管中部圆弧型管段的曲率半径，A为测试管中部圆弧型管段的内径，ρ为流体密度。
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