WO2017131054A1 - 高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板、高強度部材及び高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法 - Google Patents
高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板、高強度部材及び高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-strength galvanized steel sheet, a high-strength member, and a method for producing a high-strength galvanized steel sheet suitable for automobile parts.
- steel sheets used for automobile parts are required to have high strength.
- increasing the strength of a steel sheet generally causes a decrease in workability, and therefore development of a steel sheet that is excellent in both strength and workability is required.
- high-strength steel sheets having a tensile strength (hereinafter referred to as TS) exceeding 1180 MPa are often subjected to bending-based processing such as rocker parts, and are required to have excellent bendability.
- TS tensile strength
- a steel plate used for manufacturing such a part is required to have high rust prevention properties.
- it is also important that the steel sheet used for production of parts has excellent impact resistance.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique related to a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having excellent bendability.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technique related to a hot dip galvanized steel sheet having excellent impact resistance.
- Patent Document 1 does not consider impact resistance, particularly impact resistance after processing, and there is room for improvement.
- the technique described in Patent Document 2 does not consider the impact resistance after processing.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, and its purpose is to provide a high-strength galvanized steel sheet that can improve impact resistance after processing, a method for producing the same, and a high-strength member obtained using the steel sheet. Is to provide.
- the present inventors have conducted extensive research, and as a result, in the plated steel sheet, the impact resistance after processing the parts is not necessarily dependent on the steel sheet characteristics but strongly influenced by the plating state. I found out. Based on this knowledge, by adjusting to a specific component composition, adjusting to a specific steel structure, and adjusting the density of the gap that divides the total thickness of the plated layer in the plate thickness section perpendicular to the rolling direction of the galvanized layer The present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved and have completed the present invention. More specifically, the present invention provides the following.
- the component composition further includes, by mass, Cr: 0.005 to 2.0%, Mo: 0.005 to 2.0%, V: 0.005 to 2.0%, Ni: 0 0.005 to 2.0%, Cu: 0.005 to 2.0%, Nb: 0.005 to 0.20%, Ti: 0.005 to 0.20%, B: 0.0001 to 0.0050 %, Ca: 0.0001 to 0.0050%, REM: 0.0001 to 0.0050%, Sb: 0.0010 to 0.10%, Sn: 0.0010 to 0.50%
- the number density of carbides having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m or more is 10 5 pieces / mm 2 or less [1] or [2]
- [5] A bent portion formed by bending the high-strength galvanized steel sheet according to any one of [1] to [4], and at the position of 50 ⁇ m in the plate thickness direction from the surface in the bent portion.
- the Vickers hardness HV measured by the following measurement method is 350 or more, and the density of gaps dividing the total thickness of the galvanized layer in the plate thickness section perpendicular to the rolling direction is 50 pieces / mm or more in the bending portion.
- a sample is cut out from the central part of the width of the ridgeline of the bent part, and a Vickers hardness test is performed on a plate thickness section perpendicular to the ridgeline at a load of 50 gf and a score of 5 points at a position of 50 ⁇ m from the steel plate surface in the plate thickness direction. Then, the average of three points excluding the maximum value and the minimum value is obtained.
- a hot-rolled sheet or cold-rolled sheet having the component composition described in [1] or [2] is heated at a temperature of 750 ° C. or higher after the heating temperature, and a region of 550 to 700 ° C. is 3 ° C./s. Cooling at the above average cooling rate, galvanizing the annealing step in which the residence time in the temperature range of 750 ° C. or higher in the heating and cooling is 30 seconds or more, and the annealed plate after the annealing step, as necessary Further, in the temperature range of Ms to Ms-200 ° C. during cooling after the galvanizing step, bending and unbending are performed at a bending radius of 500 to 1000 mm in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction.
- a method of producing a high-strength galvanized steel sheet characterized by comprising a bending / bending return step in which processing is performed at least once and cooling to 50 ° C. or less.
- a temper rolling process for performing temper rolling and after the temper rolling, bending and unbending processes are performed at a bending radius of 500 mm or less in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction.
- the high-strength galvanized steel sheet of the present invention has a steel sheet and a galvanized layer formed on the steel sheet. First, the steel plate will be described, and then the galvanized layer will be described.
- the steel sheet has a specific component composition and a specific steel structure.
- a steel plate is demonstrated in order of a component composition and steel structure.
- the component composition of the steel sheet in the high-strength galvanized steel sheet of the present invention is mass%, C: 0.05 to 0.30%, Si: 3.0% or less, Mn: 1.5 to 4.0%, P : 0.100% or less, S: 0.02% or less, Al: 1.0% or less, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities.
- the above component composition is further in terms of mass%: Cr: 0.005 to 2.0%, Mo: 0.005 to 2.0%, V: 0.005 to 2.0%, Ni: 0.00. 005 to 2.0%, Cu: 0.005 to 2.0%, Nb: 0.005 to 0.20%, Ti: 0.005 to 0.20%, B: 0.0001 to 0.0050% , Ca: 0.0001 to 0.0050%, REM: 0.0001 to 0.0050%, Sb: 0.0010 to 0.10%, Sn: 0.0010 to 0.50% May be included.
- % Representing the content of a component means “% by mass”.
- C 0.05 to 0.30%
- C is an element effective for increasing TS by generating martensite and bainite containing carbide.
- TS 1180 MPa or more, or Vickers hardness HV: 350 or more at a position of 50 ⁇ m in the thickness direction from the surface in the bent portion cannot be achieved.
- the C content exceeds 0.30%, the martensite is cured, the bending property is significantly deteriorated, and the impact resistance is deteriorated. Therefore, the C content is 0.05 to 0.30%.
- the preferable C content for the lower limit is 0.06 or more. More preferably, it is 0.07 or more.
- the preferable C content for the upper limit is 0.25% or less. More preferably, it is 0.20% or less.
- Si 3.0% or less (excluding 0%) Si is an element effective for increasing TS by solid solution strengthening of steel. If the Si content exceeds 3.0%, the impact resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the Si content is 3.0% or less, preferably 2.5% or less, more preferably 2.0% or less.
- the lower limit value of Si is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.01% or more.
- Mn 1.5 to 4.0% Mn is an element effective in increasing TS by generating martensite and bainite containing carbide. If the Mn content is less than 1.5%, such an effect cannot be obtained sufficiently. Further, if the Mn content is less than 1.5%, ferrite or bainite not containing carbide is generated which is not preferable in the present invention, and TS: 1180 MPa or more or Vickers at a position of 50 ⁇ m from the surface to the plate thickness direction in the bent portion. Hardness HV: 350 or more cannot be achieved. On the other hand, if the Mn content exceeds 4.0%, the impact resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the Mn content is 1.5 to 4.0% or less. A preferable Mn content for the lower limit is 2.0% or more. A preferable Mn content for the upper limit is 3.5% or less.
- P 0.100% or less (excluding 0%) Since the impact resistance deteriorates, it is desirable to reduce the amount of P as much as possible. In the present invention, the P content is acceptable up to 0.100%.
- the lower limit is not particularly defined, but if it is less than 0.001%, the production efficiency is lowered, so 0.001% or more is preferable.
- S 0.02% or less (excluding 0%) Since S deteriorates impact resistance, the amount is preferably reduced as much as possible. In the present invention, the S content is acceptable up to 0.02%.
- the lower limit is not particularly specified, but if it is less than 0.0005%, the production efficiency is lowered, so 0.0005% or more is preferable.
- Al acts as a deoxidizer and is preferably added in the deoxidation step.
- the Al content is preferably 0.01% or more.
- TS is 1180 MPa or more or Vickers hardness HV at a position of 50 ⁇ m from the surface to the plate thickness direction in the bent portion HV: 350
- the Al content is allowed up to 1.0%. Preferably it is 0.50% or less.
- the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities, but if necessary, Cr: 0.005 to 2.0%, Mo: 0.005 to 2.0%, V: 0.005 to 2.0%, Ni: 0.005-2.0%, Cu: 0.005-2.0%, Nb: 0.005-0.20%, Ti: 0.005-0.20%, B: 0.0001-0. 0050%, Ca: 0.0001 to 0.0050%, REM: 0.0001 to 0.0050%, Sb: 0.0010 to 0.10%, Sn: 0.0010 to 0.50% 1 It may contain seeds or more.
- Cr, Ni and Cu are effective elements that contribute to high strength by generating martensite and bainite containing carbide.
- the content is preferably within the above range.
- the preferable range of each content of Cr, Ni, and Cu is 0.05% or more.
- the preferable range of each content of Cr, Ni, and Cu is 0.7% or less.
- Mo, V, Nb, and Ti are elements that form carbides and are effective in increasing the strength by precipitation strengthening.
- the content is preferably within the above range. If the respective contents of Mo, V, Nb, and Ti exceed the upper limit, the carbides become coarse and the impact resistance of the present invention cannot be obtained.
- the preferable range of each content of Mo, V, Nb, and Ti is 0.01% or more.
- the preferable range of each content of Nb and Ti is 0.05% or less.
- the preferable range of each content of Mo and V is 0.5% or less.
- B is an effective element that improves the hardenability of the steel sheet, generates martensite and bainite containing carbides, and contributes to high strength.
- the B content is preferably 0.0001% or more.
- the content of B exceeds 0.0050%, inclusions increase and bendability deteriorates.
- preferable B content is 0.0005% or more.
- a preferable B content for the upper limit is 0.0040% or less.
- Ca and REM are effective elements for improving impact resistance by controlling the form of inclusions.
- the content is preferably within the above range.
- the content of Ca and REM exceeds the upper limit, the amount of inclusions increases and the bendability deteriorates.
- the preferable range of the content of Ca and REM is 0.0005% or more.
- the preferable range of content of Ca and REM is 0.0040% or less.
- Sn and Sb are effective elements for suppressing denitrification, deboronation, etc., and suppressing the strength reduction of steel.
- the content is preferably within the above range. If the contents of Sn and Sb exceed the upper limits, the impact resistance deteriorates. About a minimum, the preferable range of content of Sn and Sb is 0.010% or more. About the upper limit, the preferable range of content of Sn and Sb is 0.10% or less.
- inevitable impurity elements such as Zr, Mg, La and Ce may be included up to 0.002% in total. Further, N may be contained in an amount of 0.008% or less as an inevitable impurity.
- bainite having no ferrite and carbide has a total area ratio of 0 to 55%
- bainite having martensite and carbide has a total area ratio of 45 to 100%
- residual austenite has an area ratio of 0 to Consists of 5%.
- Total area ratio of bainite without ferrite and carbide 0-55% Ferrite and bainite having no carbide can be appropriately contained in order to increase the ductility of the steel sheet. However, when the total area ratio exceeds 55%, desired strength cannot be obtained. Therefore, the total area ratio of bainite having no ferrite and carbide is 0 to 55%, preferably 0 to 50%.
- the bainite without carbides is corroded with 3% nital after polishing the plate thickness cross section parallel to the rolling direction, and the 1/4 position from the surface to the plate thickness direction is 1500 times magnification with SEM (scanning electron microscope). This refers to the case where carbides cannot be confirmed in the obtained image data. As shown in FIG.
- the carbide is a portion having a characteristic of white dots or lines.
- examples of the carbide include iron-based carbides such as cementite, Ti-based carbides, Nb-based carbides, and the like.
- adopts the value measured by the method as described in an Example.
- Total area ratio of bainite with martensite and carbide 45-100% Martensite and bainite containing carbide are structures necessary for obtaining the TS of the present invention and impact resistance. Such an effect can be obtained by setting the total area ratio to 45% or more. Therefore, the total area ratio of bainite having martensite and carbide is 45 to 100%.
- the bainite containing carbide is a 3% nital corroded after polishing a plate thickness section parallel to the rolling direction, and a 1/4 position from the surface to the plate thickness direction with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at a magnification of 1500 times. This refers to the case where carbides can be confirmed in the image data obtained by photographing.
- Area ratio of retained austenite 0 to 5%
- the area ratio is allowed up to 5%. If it exceeds 5%, the impact resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the retained austenite is 0 to 5%, preferably 0 to 3%.
- pearlite is mentioned as a phase other than the above, and an area ratio of up to 10% is acceptable.
- Particle size is the number density of the above carbides 0.5 ⁇ m is 10 5 / mm 2 or less
- the number density of carbides is preferably 10 5 pieces / mm 2 or less. Satisfying this can further improve the impact resistance.
- the lower limit is preferably 0.05 ⁇ 10 5 pieces / mm 2 or more.
- the particle size means the equivalent diameter of a circle when the area of carbide is converted to a circle of the same area.
- Density in the plate width direction of the gap that divides the total thickness of the galvanized layer in the plate thickness section in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction of the galvanized layer from the surface of the plated layer toward the plate thickness direction (sometimes called "gap density") ) Is 10 pieces / mm or more.
- the density of the gap that divides the total thickness of the plating layer in the thickness cross section perpendicular to the rolling direction of the galvanized layer is 10 pieces / mm or more. Further, when the gap density exceeds 100 / mm, the powdering property is impaired, and therefore the gap density is preferably 100 / mm or less.
- Gap that divides the total thickness of the plating layer means a gap in which both ends of the gap reach both ends in the thickness direction of the galvanized layer. The measurement of the gap density is as described in the examples.
- the galvanized layer means a layer formed by a known plating method.
- the galvanized layer includes an alloyed galvanized layer formed by alloying.
- the composition of the galvanizing is preferably 0.05 to 0.25% of Al and the balance of zinc and inevitable impurities.
- the high strength member of the present invention has a bent portion formed by bending the high strength galvanized steel sheet of the present invention.
- the bending process is, for example, a process performed under conditions where R (bending radius) / t (plate thickness) is 1 to 5, bending angle is 60 to 90 °, and bending temperature is 100 ° C. or less.
- R means R inside a bending process part.
- the Vickers hardness HV at a position of 50 ⁇ m in the plate thickness direction from the surface in the bent portion is 350 or more. If the Vickers hardness HV is less than 350, the high strength of the present invention cannot be achieved.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but if it exceeds 600, there is a risk of delayed fracture, so 600 or less is preferable.
- the bending radius of the bent portion is not particularly specified, but is preferably 20 mm or less.
- the bending method is not particularly limited. Tensile bending or multiple bending may be performed. In addition, the value obtained by the method as described in an Example is employ
- the density of gaps dividing the total thickness of the galvanized layer in the plate thickness section perpendicular to the rolling direction is 50 pieces / mm or more. Impact resistance is improved by setting the gap density to 50 pieces / mm or more.
- the stress concentration in the steel plate at the tip of the gap is alleviated. If it is less than 50 / mm, such an effect cannot be obtained. In addition, if it exceeds 500 pieces / mm, the powdering property may be deteriorated, so the gap density is preferably 500 pieces / mm or less.
- the “gap that divides the entire thickness of the plating layer” means a gap in which both ends of the gap reach both ends in the thickness direction of the galvanized layer, as described above.
- the method for producing a high-strength galvanized steel sheet according to the present invention includes an annealing step, a galvanizing step, and a bending and bending back step.
- the annealing step is to heat at a temperature of 750 ° C. or higher after the heating temperature, cool the region of 550 to 700 ° C. at an average cooling rate of 3 ° C./s or more, and in the heating and cooling, the temperature range of 750 ° C. or higher. It refers to a process whose residence time is 30 seconds or more.
- the manufacturing method of the said hot rolled sheet or cold rolled sheet is not specifically limited.
- the slab used for manufacture of a hot rolled sheet or a cold rolled sheet by a continuous casting method.
- the slab can also be produced by an ingot-making method or a thin slab casting method.
- To hot-roll the slab the slab may be cooled to room temperature and then re-heated for hot rolling, or the slab may be charged in a heating furnace without being cooled to room temperature. Can also be done.
- an energy saving process in which hot rolling is performed immediately after performing a slight heat retention can also be applied. When heating the slab, it is preferable to heat to 1100 ° C.
- the heating temperature of the slab is preferably 1300 ° C. or lower.
- the slab heating temperature is the temperature of the slab surface.
- finish rolling may increase anisotropy and reduce workability after cold rolling and annealing, it is preferably performed at a finishing temperature equal to or higher than the Ar 3 transformation point.
- lubrication rolling with a friction coefficient of 0.10 to 0.25 in all passes or a part of the finishing rolling.
- the steel sheet wound up after hot rolling is subjected to heat treatment and cold rolling as necessary after removing the scale by pickling or the like.
- Heating temperature 750 ° C. or more
- the annealing temperature is set to 750 ° C. or higher.
- the upper limit is not particularly defined, 950 ° C. or lower is preferable from the viewpoint of operability.
- the H 2 O concentration in the furnace atmosphere in the temperature range of 750 to 900 ° C. is preferably 500 to 5000 ppm.
- the amount of carbon in the vicinity of the surface is reduced, and the number density of carbides having a particle size of 0.5 ⁇ m or more in a region within 10 ⁇ m in the thickness direction from the steel sheet surface can be reduced to 10 5 / mm 2 or less.
- the impact property can be further improved.
- Average cooling rate in the region of 550 to 700 ° C . 3 ° C./s or more If the average cooling rate in the region of 550 to 700 ° C. is less than 3 ° C./s, the bainite containing no ferrite or carbide exceeds 55% in a large area ratio. The desired steel structure cannot be obtained. Therefore, the average cooling rate in the region of 550 to 700 ° C. is set to 3 ° C./s or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly specified, but is preferably 500 ° C./s or less from the viewpoint of operability.
- reheating may be performed with a residence time in the temperature range of Ms to 600 ° C. and Ms to 600 ° C. for 1 to 100 seconds.
- the residence time 30 seconds or longer
- austenite generation is insufficient, and a desired steel structure is obtained in the steel sheet. It becomes impossible. Therefore, the annealing holding time is 30 seconds or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly specified, but 1000 seconds or less is preferable from the viewpoint of operability.
- the temperature and time conditions until plating application are not specifically defined, since it is necessary to contain austenite after galvanization or alloying, the temperature until application of plating is preferably 350 ° C. or higher.
- the galvanizing process is a process in which galvanizing is performed on the annealed plate after the annealing process, and further alloying treatment is performed as necessary.
- Fe 0 to 20.0%
- Al 0.001% to 1.0%
- the method for the plating treatment is not particularly limited, and a general method such as hot dip galvanization or electrogalvanization may be employed, and the conditions may be set as appropriate. Moreover, you may perform the alloying process heated after hot dip galvanization.
- the heating temperature for the alloying treatment is not particularly limited, but is preferably 460 to 600 ° C.
- the bending and bending back process is a single bending and bending process at a bending radius of 500 to 1000 mm in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction in the temperature range of Ms to Ms-200 ° C during cooling after the galvanizing process. This is a step of performing the above cooling to 50 ° C. or lower.
- the galvanized layer During cooling after galvanization or galvanization alloying, the galvanized layer has a gap that penetrates the entire thickness of the galvanized layer (to divide the total thickness of the galvanized layer in order to reduce residual stress due to the difference in expansion coefficient with the steel sheet. Gap).
- the galvanized layer changes. Furthermore, the formation of gaps in the galvanized layer also changes by controlling the tension applied to the surface by bending.
- the gap density can be adjusted to a desired range.
- the bending angle is preferably in the range of 60 to 180 °. If any of the temperature range, the bending radius, and the number of bending processes is out of the specified range, a desired gap density cannot be obtained, and bendability and impact resistance deteriorate. In addition, it is necessary to perform bending bending return processing over the whole board, and it is preferable that bending bending return processing is performed over the whole board with a roll at the time of conveyance of a steel plate.
- the Ms point is a temperature at which martensitic transformation starts and is determined by a formaster.
- Cooling to 50 ° C or below is necessary for the subsequent oil coating.
- the cooling rate in the cooling is not particularly limited, but the average cooling rate is usually 1 to 100 ° C./s.
- temper rolling is performed after the cooling, and that bending and unbending are performed three or more times at a bending radius of 500 mm or less in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction.
- the gap density can be further increased, and bendability and impact resistance can be further improved.
- the area ratio of ferrite, martensite, and bainite is the ratio of the area of each structure to the observation area. These area ratios are obtained by cutting a sample from the steel sheet after annealing and parallel to the rolling direction. After polishing the surface, it was corroded with 3% nital, and a 1/4 position in the thickness direction from the surface was photographed with SEM (scanning electron microscope) at a magnification of 1500 times, respectively, and three images were taken from the obtained image data, Media Cybernetics, Inc.
- the area ratio of each tissue is obtained using Image-Pro manufactured by the company, and the average area ratio of the visual field is defined as the area ratio of each tissue.
- ferrite is black
- martensite and residual austenite is white or light gray
- bainite is black or dark gray containing oriented carbide and / or island martensite (because grain boundaries between bainite can be confirmed)
- a bainite containing no carbide can be distinguished from a bainite containing carbide.
- Island-like martensite is distinguished as white or light gray in the image data as shown in FIG.
- the area ratio of bainite is the area ratio of the black or dark gray portion excluding the white or light gray portion in the bainite.
- the area ratio of martensite was determined by subtracting the area ratio of residual austenite described later (the volume ratio is regarded as the area ratio) from the area ratio of the white or light gray structure.
- the martensite may be autotempered martensite containing carbide or tempered martensite. It should be noted that martensite containing carbide is different from bainite because the carbide orientation is not uniform. Island-like martensite is also martensite having any of the above characteristics. In the present invention, a white portion that is not dotted or linear is distinguished as the martensite or retained austenite. Moreover, although it may not contain in this invention, perlite can be distinguished as a black and white layered structure.
- the volume ratio of retained austenite is obtained by grinding an annealed steel sheet to 1 ⁇ 4 of the plate thickness and further polishing 0.1 mm by chemical polishing, using Mo Ka line with an X-ray diffractometer, and fcc iron (The integrated reflection intensity of the (200) plane, (220) plane, (311) plane of austenite) and the (200) plane, (211) plane, and (220) plane of bcc iron (ferrite) was measured. The volume ratio was obtained from the intensity ratio of the integrated reflection intensity from each surface of fcc iron to the integrated reflection intensity from each surface.
- V (F + B1) means the total area ratio of bainite not containing ferrite and carbide
- V (M + B2) means the total area ratio of bainite containing martensite and carbide
- V ( ⁇ ) means the area ratio of retained austenite, other: the area ratio of phases other than the above.
- gap density For the thickness cross section in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction of the galvanized layer, 30 field images were photographed at 3000 times near the surface layer by SEM, and the number of gaps that divide the total plating thickness existing in the field of view was determined. The gap density was determined by dividing by 10 to 10 or more mm. An example of the photographed image is shown in FIG.
- Microstructure observation (surface carbide density) In the region within 10 ⁇ m in the plate thickness center side in the plate thickness direction from the steel plate surface (interface between the plate and the plating layer) in the plate thickness section in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction of the galvanized layer, the grain size is 0. (Carbide number density of 5 ⁇ m or more) First, the carbide observation of 5 fields of view is performed by SEM at 1500 times, and the number of particles having a particle diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m or more is confirmed in the field of view. It was determined by dividing by the total area of the region within 10 ⁇ m in the thickness direction.
- Tensile test JIS No. 5 tensile test piece (JIS Z 2201) was sampled from the annealed plate in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction, and a tensile test in accordance with the provisions of JIS Z 2241 with a strain rate of 10 ⁇ 3 / s was performed. TS was determined. In the present invention, 1180 MPa or more was accepted.
- Bendability A strip-shaped test piece having a width of 30 mm and a length of 100 mm with the direction parallel to the rolling direction as the bending test axis direction was collected from the annealed plate and subjected to a bending test. Stroke speed is 10 mm / s, indentation load is 10 ton, pressing holding time is 5 seconds, 90 ° V bending test is performed, and the ridgeline part of the bending apex is observed with a 10 times magnifier, and cracks of 0.5 mm or more are observed. The minimum bending radius that disappeared was determined, and R / t obtained by dividing the minimum bending radius by the plate thickness was 2.5 or less.
- Post-bending properties Bending is performed in the same manner as the bendability evaluation under the conditions of a bending angle of 90 °, a temperature of 45 ° C, and a bending radius of 5mm, and a sample is cut out from the center of the width of the bending ridgeline and perpendicular to the bending ridgeline.
- a 30-field image of the vicinity of the bending apex was taken with a SEM at 3000 magnifications, and the gap density was obtained by dividing the number of gaps dividing the total plating thickness existing in the field of view by the steel sheet surface line length of the entire field of view. , 50 / mm or more was regarded as acceptable.
- a Vickers hardness test is performed at a position of 50 ⁇ m in the plate thickness direction from the surface of the steel plate under the conditions of a load of 50 gf and a score of 5 points, and an average of three points excluding the maximum value and the minimum value is obtained.
- the Vickers hardness HV (bending portion HV) at a position of 50 ⁇ m in the thickness direction from the surface in the bending portion was set as 350 or more.
- the comparative example which is out of the scope of the present invention does not have a desired strength, does not have a bendability, or does not have a post-processing impact resistance.
- the present invention it is possible to obtain a high-strength steel plate having a TS of 1180 MPa or more and having excellent impact resistance and a high-strength galvanized steel plate having excellent bendability and post-processing impact resistance.
- the high-strength member and the high-strength steel plate of the present invention are used for automobile parts, it can greatly contribute to the improvement of automobile collision safety and fuel consumption.
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Abstract
Description
(測定方法)
曲げ加工部の稜線の幅中央部よりサンプルを切り出し、稜線と直角な板厚断面について、鋼板表面から板厚方向に50μmの位置で、荷重50gf、点数5点の条件でビッカース硬さ試験を行い、最大値と最小値を除いた3点の平均を求める。
本発明の高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板は、鋼板と当該鋼板上に形成された亜鉛めっき層とを有する。先ず、鋼板について説明し、続いて亜鉛めっき層について説明する。
Cは、マルテンサイトや、炭化物を含むベイナイトを生成させてTSを上昇させるのに有効な元素である。C含有量が0.05%未満ではこのような効果が十分得られず、TS:1180MPa以上または曲げ加工部において表面から板厚方向に50μmの位置におけるビッカース硬さHV:350以上が達成できない。一方、C含有量が0.30%を超えるとマルテンサイトが硬化して曲げ性の劣化が顕著になり、また耐衝撃性が劣化する。したがって、C含有量は0.05~0.30%とする。下限について好ましいC含有量は0.06以上である。より好ましくは0.07以上である。上限について好ましいC含有量は0.25%以下である。より好ましくは0.20%以下である。
Siは、鋼を固溶強化してTSを上昇させるのに有効な元素である。Si含有量が3.0%を超えると、耐衝撃性が劣化する。したがって、Si含有量は3.0%以下、好ましくは2.5%以下、より好ましくは2.0%以下とする。Siの下限値は特に限定されないが、通常は、0.01%以上である。
Mnは、マルテンサイトや、炭化物を含むベイナイトを生成させてTSを上昇させるのに有効な元素である。Mn含有量が1.5%未満ではこうした効果が十分得られない。また、Mn含有量が1.5%未満では本発明に好ましくないフェライトや、炭化物を含まないベイナイトが生成して、TS:1180MPa以上または曲げ加工部において表面から板厚方向に50μmの位置におけるビッカース硬さHV:350以上が達成できない。一方、Mn含有量が4.0%を超えると耐衝撃性が劣化する。したがって、Mn含有量は1.5~4.0%以下である。下限について好ましいMn含有量は2.0%以上である。上限について好ましいMn含有量は3.5%以下である。
Pは、耐衝撃性が劣化するため、その量は極力低減することが望ましい。本発明ではP含有量が0.100%まで許容できる。下限は特に規定しないが、0.001%未満では生産能率の低下を招くため、0.001%以上が好ましい。
Sは、耐衝撃性を劣化させるため、その量は極力低減することが好ましい。本発明ではS含有量が0.02%まで許容できる。下限は特に規定しないが、0.0005%未満では生産能率の低下を招くため、0.0005%以上が好ましい。
Alは、脱酸剤として作用し、脱酸工程で添加することが好ましい。脱酸剤として用いる観点からは、Al含有量は0.01%以上が好ましい。多量にAlを含有すると本発明に好ましくないフェライトや炭化物を含まないベイナイトが多量に生成して、TSが1180MPa以上または曲げ加工部において表面から板厚方向に50μmの位置におけるビッカース硬さHV:350以上と耐衝撃性を両立できない。本発明ではAl含有量が1.0%まで許容される。好ましくは0.50%以下とする。
フェライトと、炭化物を有しないベイナイトとは、鋼板の延性を高めるため、適宜含有できるがその面積率の合計が55%を超えると、所望の強度が得られなくなる。したがって、フェライトと炭化物を有しないベイナイトの面積率の合計は0~55%、好ましくは0~50%とする。炭化物を有しないベイナイトとは、圧延方向に平行な板厚断面を研磨後、3%ナイタールで腐食し、表面から板厚方向に1/4位置をSEM(走査型電子顕微鏡)で1500倍の倍率で撮影し、得られた画像データにおいて、炭化物を確認できない場合を指す。図1に示す通り、画像データにおいて、炭化物は白色の点状あるいは線状という特徴を有する部分である。ここで、炭化物とはセメンタイトなどの鉄系の炭化物、Ti系の炭化物、Nb系の炭化物等が例示できる。なお、上記面積率は実施例に記載の方法で測定した値を採用する。
マルテンサイトと、炭化物を有するベイナイトとは、本発明のTSと耐衝撃性を得るのに必要な組織である。このような効果は、該面積率の合計を45%以上とすることで得られる。したがって、マルテンサイトと炭化物を有するベイナイトの面積率の合計は45~100%とする。炭化物を有するベイナイトとは、圧延方向に平行な板厚断面を研磨後、3%ナイタールで腐食し、表面から板厚方向に1/4位置をSEM(走査型電子顕微鏡)で1500倍の倍率で撮影し、得られた画像データにおいて、炭化物を確認できる場合を指す。なお、上記面積率は実施例に記載の方法で測定した値を採用する。
本発明において、残留オーステナイトを含むことは好ましくないが、面積率で5%まで許容される。5%を超えると耐衝撃性が劣化する。したがって、残留オーステナイトは0~5%、好ましくは0~3%とする。なお、上記面積率は実施例に記載の方法で測定した値を採用する。
また、本発明では、鋼板表面から板厚方向に10μmの領域において、粒径が0.5μm以上の炭化物の個数密度を105個/mm2以下とすることが好ましい。これを満たすことで耐衝撃性をさらに高めることができる。下限については、0.05×105個/mm2以上が好ましい。ここで粒径とは炭化物の面積を同面積の円に換算したときの円の相当径を意味する。また、粒径の確認方法や個数密度の測定方法は実施例に記載の通りである。
本発明の高強度部材は、上記本発明の高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板を曲げ加工してなる曲げ加工部を有する。曲げ加工とは例えば、R(曲げ半径)/t(板厚)が1~5、曲げ角度が60~90°、曲げる際の温度が100℃以下の条件で行う加工である。なお、Rは曲げ加工部の内側のRを意味する。
本発明の高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法は、焼鈍工程と、亜鉛めっき工程と、曲げ曲げ戻し工程と、を有する。
焼鈍温度が750℃未満ではオーステナイトの生成が不十分となる。焼鈍により生成したオーステナイトはベイナイト変態やマルテンサイト変態により最終組織におけるマルテンサイトあるいはベイナイト(炭化物を有するもの有さないものの両方を含む)となるため、オーステナイトの生成が不十分になると、上記鋼板において所望の鋼組織が得られなくなる。したがって、焼鈍温度は750℃以上とする。上限は特に規定しないが操業性等の観点からは950℃以下が好ましい。
また、上記焼鈍において750~900℃の温度域における炉内雰囲気のH2O濃度を500~5000ppmとすることが好ましい。これにより、表面近傍の炭素量が低減し、鋼板表面から板厚方向に10μm以内の領域における粒径0.5μm以上の炭化物個数密度を105個/mm2以下とすることが可能となり、耐衝撃性をさらに向上させることができる。
550~700℃の領域の平均冷却速度が3℃/s未満ではフェライトや炭化物を含まないベイナイトが面積率で55%を超えて多量に生成して、所望の鋼組織が得られない。したがって、550~700℃の領域の平均冷却速度は3℃/s以上とする。上限は特に規定しないが、操業性等の観点からは500℃/s以下が好ましい。
上記加熱および冷却において750℃以上の温度域の滞留時間(焼鈍保持時間)が30秒未満では、オーステナイトの生成が不十分となって、上記鋼板において所望の鋼組織が得られなくなる。したがって、焼鈍保持時間は30秒以上とする。上限は特に規定しないが、操業性等の観点からは1000秒以下が好ましい。
フェライト、マルテンサイト、ベイナイトの面積率とは、観察面積に占める各組織の面積の割合のことであり、これらの面積率は、焼鈍後の鋼板よりサンプルを切り出し、圧延方向に平行な板厚断面を研磨後、3%ナイタールで腐食し、表面から板厚方向に1/4位置をSEM(走査型電子顕微鏡)で1500倍の倍率でそれぞれ3視野撮影し、得られた画像データからMedia Cybernetics社製のImage-Proを用いて各組織の面積率を求め、視野の平均面積率を各組織の面積率とする。画像データにおいて、フェライトは黒、マルテンサイトおよび残留オーステナイトは白または明灰色、ベイナイトは方位の揃った炭化物または島状マルテンサイトあるいはその両方を含む黒または暗灰色(ベイナイト間の粒界を確認できるため炭化物を含まないベイナイトと炭化物を含むベイナイトとを区別できる。なお、島状マルテンサイトとは図1に示す通り、画像データにおいて白色または明灰色の部分である。)として区別される。なお、本発明においてベイナイトの面積率は上記ベイナイト中の白または明灰色の部分を除いた黒または暗灰色の部分の面積率である。マルテンサイトの面積率は該白または明灰色組織の面積率から後述する残留オーステナイトの面積率(体積率を面積率とみなす)を差し引くことで求めた。なお、本発明において、マルテンサイトは炭化物を含むオートテンパードマルテンサイトや焼戻しマルテンサイトであっても構わない。なお炭化物を含むマルテンサイトは、炭化物方位は揃っておらずベイナイトとは異なる。島状マルテンサイトも上記のいずれかの特徴を持つマルテンサイトである。また、本発明において点状または線状でない白色部は上記マルテンサイトあるいは残留オーステナイトとして区別した。また、本発明では含有しない場合もあるが、パーライトは黒色と白色の層状組織として区別できる。
亜鉛めっき層の圧延方向と垂直な方向の板厚断面について、SEMにより表層付近を3000倍で30視野像撮影し、視野に存在するめっき全厚を分断する間隙数を視野全体の鋼板表面線長で除すことで間隙密度を求め、10個/mm以上を合格とした。なお、撮影された画像の一例を図2に示した。
表層炭化物密度(亜鉛めっき層の圧延方向と垂直な方向の板厚断面における鋼板表面(鋼板とめっき層との界面)から板厚方向に板厚中央側10μm以内の領域において、粒径が0.5μm以上の炭化物個数密度)は、先ず、SEMで1500倍で5視野の炭化物観察を行い、該視野において粒径が0.5μm以上の粒子数を確認し、その数を観察視野の鋼板表面から板厚方向に10μm以内の領域の総面積で除することで求めた。
焼鈍板より圧延方向に対して直角方向にJIS5号引張試験片(JIS Z 2201)を採取し、歪速度が10-3/sとするJIS Z 2241の規定に準拠した引張試験を行い、TSを求めた。なお、本発明では1180MPa以上を合格とした。
上記と同様の引張試験において、1%のひずみ量まで引張加工を施した後、該試験片の中央部より平行部の幅5mm、長さ7mmの試験片を用い、歪速度2000/sで引張試験を行ったときの歪量5%までの吸収エネルギーAE1で評価した(鉄と鋼、83(1997)、P.748)。吸収エネルギーは応力-真歪曲線を歪量0~5%の範囲で積分することにより求めた。該吸収エネルギーAE1と上記引張試験でのTSとの比(AE1/TS)が0.050以上を合格とした。なお、この評価で加工後の耐衝撃性に優れると評価できる。
焼鈍板より圧延方向に対して平行方向を曲げ試験軸方向とする、幅が30mm、長さが100mmの短冊形の試験片を採取し、曲げ試験を行った。ストローク速度が10mm/s、押込み荷重が10ton、押付け保持時間5秒、90°V曲げ試験を行い、曲げ頂点の稜線部を10倍の拡大鏡で観察し、0.5mm以上の亀裂が認められなくなる最小曲げ半径を求め、この最小曲げ半径を板厚で除したR/tが2.5以下を合格とした。
曲げ性評価と同様の方法で、曲げ角度90°、温度45℃、曲げ半径が5mmの条件で曲げ加工を行い、曲げ稜線部の幅中央部よりサンプルを切り出し、曲げ稜線と直角な板厚断面について、SEMにより曲げ頂点付近を3000倍で30視野像撮影し、視野に存在するめっき全厚を分断する間隙数を視野全体の鋼板表面線長で除すことで間隙密度を求め、50個/mm以上を合格とした。また、該板厚断面について、鋼板表面から板厚方向に50μmの位置で、荷重50gf、点数5点の条件でビッカース硬さ試験を行い、最大値と最小値を除いた3点の平均を求め、これを曲げ加工部における表面から板厚方向に50μmの位置におけるビッカース硬さHV(曲げ部 HV)とし、350以上を合格とした。
Claims (8)
- 質量%で、
C:0.05~0.30%、
Si:3.0%以下、
Mn:1.5~4.0%、
P:0.100%以下、
S:0.02%以下、
Al:1.0%以下を含み、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成と、
フェライトと炭化物を有さないベイナイトを面積率の合計で0~55%、マルテンサイトと炭化物を有するベイナイトを面積率の合計で45~100%、残留オーステナイトを面積率で0~5%からなる鋼組織と、を有する鋼板と、
該鋼板上に形成された亜鉛めっき層と、を備え、
前記亜鉛めっき層の圧延方向と垂直な板厚断面における亜鉛めっき層全厚を分断する間隙の密度が10個/mm以上であることを特徴とする高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板。 - 前記成分組成は、さらに、質量%で、
Cr:0.005~2.0%、
Mo:0.005~2.0%、
V:0.005~2.0%、
Ni:0.005~2.0%、
Cu:0.005~2.0%、
Nb:0.005~0.20%、
Ti:0.005~0.20%、
B:0.0001~0.0050%、
Ca:0.0001~0.0050%、
REM:0.0001~0.0050%、
Sb:0.0010~0.10%、
Sn:0.0010~0.50%から選ばれる1種以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板。 - 鋼板表面から板厚方向に10μm以内の領域において、円相当径が0.5μm以上の炭化物個数密度が105個/mm2以下であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板。
- 前記亜鉛めっき層は、合金化亜鉛めっき層であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板を曲げ加工してなる曲げ加工部を有し、
前記曲げ加工部において表面から板厚方向に50μmの位置における、下記測定方法で測定したビッカース硬さHVが350以上であり、
前記曲げ加工部において、圧延方向と垂直な板厚断面における亜鉛めっき層全厚を分断する間隙の密度が50個/mm以上であることを特徴とする高強度部材。
(測定方法)
曲げ加工部の稜線の幅中央部よりサンプルを切り出し、稜線と直角な板厚断面について、鋼板表面から板厚方向に50μmの位置で、荷重50gf、点数5点の条件でビッカース硬さ試験を行い、最大値と最小値を除いた3点の平均を求める。 - 請求項1または2に記載の成分組成を有する熱延板又は冷延板を、加熱温後が750℃以上の条件で加熱し、550~700℃の領域を3℃/s以上の平均冷却速度で冷却し、前記加熱および冷却において750℃以上の温度域の滞留時間が30秒以上である焼鈍工程と、
前記焼鈍工程後の焼鈍板に亜鉛めっきを施し、必要に応じてさらに合金化処理を施す亜鉛めっき工程と、
前記亜鉛めっき工程後の冷却中のMs~Ms-200℃の温度域において、圧延方向に対して垂直方向に、曲げ半径500~1000mmで曲げおよび曲げ戻し加工をそれぞれ1回以上行い、50℃以下まで冷却する曲げ曲げ戻し工程と、を有することを特徴とする高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。 - さらに、前記曲げ曲げ戻し工程後に、調質圧延を施す調質圧延工程と、
前記調質圧延後に、圧延方向に対して直角方向に、曲げ半径500mm以下で曲げおよび曲げ戻し加工をそれぞれ3回以上行う第二曲げ曲げ戻し工程とを有することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。 - 前記焼鈍工程において、750~900℃の温度域における炉内雰囲気のH2O濃度が500~5000ppmであることを特徴とする請求項6または7に記載の高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2017131054A1 (ja) | 2018-02-01 |
| US11447852B2 (en) | 2022-09-20 |
| EP3409806A4 (en) | 2019-02-20 |
| US20190040511A1 (en) | 2019-02-07 |
| EP3409806B1 (en) | 2021-03-10 |
| EP3409806A1 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
| CN108603264A (zh) | 2018-09-28 |
| MX2018009236A (es) | 2018-09-03 |
| CN108603264B (zh) | 2020-10-30 |
| JP6274360B2 (ja) | 2018-02-07 |
| KR102148739B1 (ko) | 2020-08-27 |
| KR20180095699A (ko) | 2018-08-27 |
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