[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2017182973A1 - Revêtements d'absorption solaire à haute température ayant une protection contre la corrosion, et leurs procédés d'utilisation - Google Patents

Revêtements d'absorption solaire à haute température ayant une protection contre la corrosion, et leurs procédés d'utilisation Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2017182973A1
WO2017182973A1 PCT/IB2017/052262 IB2017052262W WO2017182973A1 WO 2017182973 A1 WO2017182973 A1 WO 2017182973A1 IB 2017052262 W IB2017052262 W IB 2017052262W WO 2017182973 A1 WO2017182973 A1 WO 2017182973A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coating
particles
heat transfer
transfer member
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2017/052262
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mubeen Baidossi
Yaniv BINYAMIN
Anna NIRENBERG
Avraham KNIGSBERG
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BrightSource Industries Israel Ltd
Original Assignee
BrightSource Industries Israel Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BrightSource Industries Israel Ltd filed Critical BrightSource Industries Israel Ltd
Priority to CN201780001241.XA priority Critical patent/CN107532015A/zh
Publication of WO2017182973A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017182973A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/32—Radiation-absorbing paints

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to formulations for coatings, and, more particularly, to solar-radiation-absorbing, heat-resistant, thermally conductive and corrosion- protective coatings for use in components of a solar tower system.
  • Coatings for insolation-receiving surfaces can be especially useful if they have one or more desirable characteristics such as high absorptivity in the solar portion of the electromagnetic spectrum (for example, the AM 1.5 spectrum), low emissivity with respect to blackbody radiation, high resistance to heat (e.g., remaining in solid phase and chemically stable in air over long periods of time, for example 1000 hours, 2000 hours or even more than 2000 hours, at high temperatures, for example more than 550 degrees Celsius, or more than 650 degrees Celsius, or more than 750 degrees Celsius), and good thermal conductivity.
  • high absorptivity in the solar portion of the electromagnetic spectrum for example, the AM 1.5 spectrum
  • low emissivity with respect to blackbody radiation high resistance to heat (e.g., remaining in solid phase and chemically stable in air over long periods of time, for example 1000 hours, 2000 hours or even more than 2000 hours, at high temperatures, for example more than 550 degrees Celsius, or more than 650 degrees Celsius, or more than 750 degrees Celsius), and good thermal conductivity.
  • Additional desirable characteristics can include good adhesion to the metal substrate upon which they are applied, mechanical and environmental durability, and protection of corrosion of both the metal substrate and of the coating itself. Corrosion protection can be achieved by providing a complete coating system that includes a bottom coating layer that protects the substrate against corrosion and a top layer that enhances thermal conductivity, reduces emissivity and increases absorptivity in the solar spectrum. Such a complete coating system can inhibit oxide scaling (high-temperature oxidation) in steel-containing substrates and thereby protect steel-containing substrates and extend their operating lifetimes.
  • a coating system for an insolation-receiving metallic surface can comprise a bottom coating comprising glass particles and a preceramic binder or a precursor thereof, such as for example a preceramic polymer binder which can be a silicon-containing polymer, or a precursor of any of such binders; and a top coating comprising planar particles of a material having thermal conductivity of at least 3 Watts per meter per degree Kelvin, and an inorganic pigment such as an oxide-based pigment or a precursor thereof.
  • a silicon-containing polymer can be, for example, one of a polysilane, a polyborosilane, a polysiloxane, a polysilazane, a polycarbosilane or a polysilmethylene, or any combination thereof.
  • the glass particles can include at least one of glass frits, glass beads, glass flakes and glass powder with glass transition temperatures TG in the range 200°C- 900°C.
  • the bottom coating can include multiple layers, for example at least one primer layer and at least one protective layer which comprises glass particles and a preceramic binder or preceramic polymer binder or silicon-containing polymer or a precursor thereof.
  • the protective layer can include an organic binder where an organic material does not survive the high temperature of curing but the sintering of the glass particles performs a binding function.
  • the top coating can include a first layer comprising overlapping planar particles of a material having thermal conductivity of at least 3 Watts per meter per degree
  • the planar particles can have a melting point greater than 650 degrees Celsius or greater than 750 degrees Celsius, and may be selected from the group consisting of ceramic-containing particles with thermal conductivity of at least 3 Watts per meter per degree Kelvin, and particles containing a metal or metal alloy.
  • the planar particles can form overlapping strata when the coating is applied to a surface. In some embodiments at least 95% of the planar particles are larger than 30 microns in at least one dimension, and in some embodiments at least 50% of the planar particles can be larger than 150 microns in at least one dimension.
  • At least 95% of the planar particles are larger than 30 microns in each of two dimensions, and in some embodiments at least 50% of the planar particles can be larger than 150 microns in each of two dimensions.
  • the smallest dimension of each of at least 95% of the planar particles can be between 0.5 micron and 20 microns, inclusive.
  • the smallest dimension of each of at least 95% of the planar particles can be between 1 micron and 10 microns, inclusive.
  • the thermal conductivity of the top coating can be at least 0.5 Watt per meter per degree Kelvin.
  • the emissivity of the coating system after application and curing on the metallic surface can be less than 70%.
  • a heat transfer member with an insolation-receiving surface can comprise a metallic substrate, a bottom coating that covers at least a portion of the insolation-receiving surface, and a top coating that covers the bottom coating, where the bottom coating includes glass particles and a preceramic binder, and
  • the top coating comprises overlapping strata of planar particles that increase the thermal conductivity and reduce the emissivity of the coating.
  • the top coating can consist of at least two layers, where at least the layer furthest from the bottom coating comprises an oxide-based pigment, and at least the layer closest to the bottom coating comprises overlapping strata of planar particles that increase the thermal conductivity and lower the emissivity of the coating.
  • the overlapping strata can cover at least 90% or at least 95% or at least 99% of the surface area of metallic substrate that is coated with the top coating. In some embodiments, at least 50% or at least 75%) or at least 95% of the planar particles can be larger in at least one dimension than the thickness of a coating layer comprising the particles.
  • At least 50% or at least 75%) or at least 95% of the planar particles can be larger in two dimensions than the thickness of a coating layer comprising the particles.
  • the metallic substrate of the heat transfer member can comprise a metal alloy selected from the group consisting of steels, alloy steels and nickel superalloys.
  • An inner volume of the heat transfer member can comprise a conduit for a fluid.
  • the coated heat transfer member has absorptivity of at least 90% with respect to the AM 1.5 spectrum, and emissivity of less than 80%. In further embodiments, the coated heat transfer member has absorptivity of at least 95% with respect to the AM 1.5 spectrum, and/or emissivity of less than 70%.
  • the heat transfer member can additionally comprise at least one of a selective coating, an anti-fouling coating, an anti-reflective coating, and a coating that provides environmental protection for the top coating.
  • a method for solar heating of a fluid can comprise the steps of directing insolation at a concentration of at least 100 suns onto a surface of a heat transfer member, the heat transfer member comprising a metallic substrate and a coating with an absorptivity of at least 90% with respect to the AM 1.5 spectrum and emissivity of less than 80%, and conveying the fluid through an inner volume of the heat transfer member, where the coating includes at least two layers, wherein at least one layer of the coating comprises glass particles and a preceramic binder, and at least one layer of the coating comprises overlapping strata of planar particles that increase the thermal conductivity and reduce the emissivity of the coating.
  • the coating can comprise a bottom coating and a top coating, where the bottom coating consists of at least one layer and includes glass particles and a preceramic binder, and the top coating includes the at least one layer comprising the overlapping strata of planar particles, and additionally includes an oxide-based pigment.
  • the coated substrate has emissivity of less than 70%.
  • FIG. 1 A is a simplified diagram illustrating an elevation view of a solar thermal system with a single solar tower according to embodiments of the disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. IB is a simplified diagram illustrating an elevation view of a solar thermal system with multiple solar towers according to embodiments of the disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 2A is a simplified diagram illustrating a top view of pipes in a receiver of a solar tower according to embodiments of the disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 2B is a simplified diagram illustrating an isometric view of the receiver pipes of
  • FIG. 2A according to embodiments of the disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 3 is a simplified diagram illustrating an isometric cutaway view of a section of a coated heat transfer member according to embodiments of the disclosed subject matter.
  • FIGS. 4 A, 4B, 4C and 4D are exemplary plan- view and elevation- view illustrations of planar particles according to embodiments of the disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a longitudinal section of a coated heat transfer member according to embodiments of the disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 6 is a plan-view illustration of overlapping planar particles according to
  • FIG. 7 shows exemplary plan-view and elevation-view illustrations of a planar particle with an exemplary angular orientation according to embodiments of the disclosed subject matter.
  • Insolation can be used in a solar thermal system to heat a fluid, for example to generate steam or heat a molten salt or a molten metal or a gas or a supercritical fluid, which may subsequently be used in the production of electricity or in industrial applications.
  • a solar thermal system employing a single solar tower is shown.
  • the system can include a solar tower 100, which has a target 102 that receives reflected insolation 110 from a solar field 104, which at least partially surrounds the solar tower 100.
  • the solar tower 100 can have a height of, for example, at least 25m or at least 100m or at least 200m.
  • the target 102 can be a solar energy receiver system, which can include, for example, an insolation receiving surface of one or more solar receivers configured to transmit heat energy of the insolation to a working fluid or heat transfer fluid flowing therethrough.
  • the target 102 may include one or more separate solar receivers (e.g., an evaporating solar receiver and a superheating solar receiver) arranged at the same or different heights or positions.
  • the solar field 104 can include a plurality of heliostats 106, each of which is configured to direct insolation at the target 102 in the solar tower 100. Heliostats 106 within the solar field adjust their orientation to track the sun 108 as it moves across the sky, thereby continuing to reflect insolation onto one or more aiming points associated with the target 102.
  • the solar field 104 can include, for example, tens of thousands of heliostats deployed in over an area of several square kilometers.
  • FIG. IB shows a "multi-tower" version of a solar thermal system.
  • Each tower can have a respective target, which may include one or more solar receivers.
  • the first solar tower 100 A has a target 102 A thereon and is at least partially surrounded by solar field 104 for receiving reflected insolation therefrom.
  • a second solar tower 100B has a target 102B thereon and is at least partially surrounded by solar field 104 for receiving reflected insolation therefrom.
  • the solar receiver in one of the towers may be configured to produce steam from insolation (i.e., an evaporating solar receiver) while the solar receiver in another one of the towers may be configured to superheat the steam using insolation (i.e., a superheating solar receiver).
  • one or more of the solar towers may have both an evaporating solar receiver and a superheating solar receiver.
  • FIGS. 1A-1B A limited number of components have been illustrated in FIGS. 1A-1B for clarity and discussion. It should be appreciated that actual embodiments of a solar thermal system can include, for example, optical elements, control systems, sensors, pipelines, generators, and/or turbines.
  • a solar receiver can include a plurality of heat transfer members such as pipes 202 with metallic surfaces which serve to transfer heat from concentrated and/or reflected insolation to heat a fluid which can be flowing through an inner volume of a heat transfer member.
  • the receiver in each solar tower can include tens or hundreds or more of such heat transfer members, which can comprise fluid conduits or pipes configured to convey a working fluid or heat transfer fluid at high temperatures and/or pressures.
  • pipes can be configured to convey pressurized water and/or pressurized steam at temperatures in excess of 500°C and pressures in excess of 160 bar, or molten salt mixtures or molten metals at temperatures between 270°C and 600°C at approximately atmospheric pressure.
  • Heat transfer members such as pipes 202 of the receiver portion 200 can be arranged in a single row following a particular geometric configuration, for example, in the shape of a circle, hexagon, or rectangle (as shown in FIG. 2A), or in any other suitable configuration.
  • At least a portion of the exterior surface of each pipe 202 can be arranged to receive insolation reflected by heliostats in the solar field onto the receiver.
  • the solar insolation can heat pipes 202 and thereby heat the fluid therethrough for use in producing electricity or in other applications.
  • pipes 202 or other functionally equivalent heat transfer members are constructed from metal
  • the native surface of the metal may be at least partially reflective to the solar radiation, thereby reducing the efficiency by which energy of the insolation is transferred as heat to the fluid flowing through the pipes 202.
  • the metal pipes 202 can thus be treated or painted or coated to maximize or at least improve the solar absorption of the pipes 202.
  • high- temperature operation of the solar thermal system for example, at temperatures in excess of 550°C or 650°C or 750°C
  • environmental exposure for example, to a desert atmosphere where the solar thermal system is located
  • the bottom coating can include a single protective layer that comprises a preceramic binder.
  • a preceramic binder can be a preceramic polymer binder, or a precursor thereof, such as, for example, a polysilane, a polyborosilane, a polysiloxane, a polysilazane, a polycarbosilane or a polysilmethylene, or any combination thereof.
  • the bottom coating can additionally include glass particles such as, for example, beads, frits or powder as filler.
  • the preceramic binder can include a Sol-gel coating based on one of Titania, Zirconia, and Alumina.
  • the bottom coating can include compositions suitable for use in protective coatings, such as, for example, any of those disclosed in US patent No. 8153199, US patent no. 8247067, or published US patent application 20050279255.
  • the bottom coating can include a suitable commercially available high-temperature protective coating such as, for example, Intertherm® 50, available commercially from AkzoNobel of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; PPG HI-TEMP 1027, available commercially from PPG
  • the glass filler can be, for example, a barium silicate or a sodium silicate or any other glass suitable to serve as filler particles.
  • the bottom coating can include multiple protective layers, or a primer layer under one or more protective layers.
  • a top coating can include (i) a binder such as a metal alkoxide binder or a high-temperature inorganic binder which irreversibly converts to an inorganic binder (such as for example silica or glass) after heating at a high temperature (e.g., at or above 200°C or above 350°C), (ii) an organic solvent system which may include a carrier liquid solvent and a co-solvent and (iii) and an inorganic filler or a metallic filler.
  • a binder such as a metal alkoxide binder or a high-temperature inorganic binder which irreversibly converts to an inorganic binder (such as for example silica or glass) after heating at a high temperature (e.g., at or above 200°C or above 350°C)
  • an organic solvent system which may include a carrier liquid solvent and a co-solvent and (iii) and an inorganic filler or a metallic filler.
  • an inorganic filler can include a ceramic material, e.g., talc, that is coated or otherwise treated with a thermally conductive metal such as, for example, gold, where the coating or treating can provide additional thermal conductivity through or around the crystalline structure of the ceramic material.
  • a ceramic material e.g., talc
  • a thermally conductive metal such as, for example, gold
  • the top coating is to be applied as the only layer in the top coating then it can also include an inorganic black pigment such as an oxide-based coating or a precursor thereof, and if the coating is to be applied as a top layer of a multi-layer system of coatings then it can also include an inorganic black pigment.
  • a suitable binder can be a heat resistant polymeric binder.
  • a suitable binder can include at least one of silicone resins, silicone resin copolymers, silicone-polyester resin, and silicone- epoxy resins.
  • a binder can include a silicone resin selected from a methyl polysiloxane, a phenyl polysiloxane, a medium-hard phenylmethyl silicone resin, a medium- hard high solid phenylmethyl silicone resin, a soft phenylmethyl silicone resin, a dimethyl polysiloxane, a phenyl-methyl polysiloxane, a propyl-phenyl polysiloxane silicone resin or any combinations thereof, or a polydimethylsilazane.
  • a suitable binder can include a frit-based binder, an alumina based binder, a phosphate-based binder, a zirconia-based binder, or a precursor or combination of any of these.
  • a suitable binder can include at least one of the following exemplary binders: in silanes, Poly(phenyl-methylsilane), (commercially available from Gelest, USA); in borosiloxanes, Poly (boro-diphenylsiloxane), PBDS, (commercially available as SSP- 040 from Gelest, USA); in polysilazanes, Poly 1, 1 dimethyl silazane telomer (commercially available as SN-2M01-1 from Gelest USA), or Poly 1, 1-dimethylsilazane cross linked
  • one or more of the following binders can be used: a phenyl- methyl silicone resin in xylene (commercially available as SILIKOPHEN® P 80/X from Evonik Tego Chemie GmbH), a phenyl-methyl silicone resin having >95% solids, 2-propanol, 1- methoxy, acetate (commercially available as SILIKOPHEN® P 80/MPA from Evonik Tego Chemie GmbH), a phenyl-methyl silicone resin (commercially available as SILIKOPHEN® P 40/W or SILIKOPHEN® P 50/X from Evonik Tego Chemie GmbH), a methyl polysiloxane (commercially available as SILRES® KX from Wacker Chemie AG), a phenyl polysiloxane (commercially available as SILRES® 601 from Wacker Chemie AG), a silicone resin containing phenyl groups (commercially available as SILRES 602® from Wacker Chemie AG); a phenyl
  • the top coating includes a polymer-based binder, and the type of polymer as well as the ratio of polymer to other components can affect final coating properties, such as, for example, adhesion, optical properties (e.g., light absorption and reflection), corrosion resistance, and long-term high-temperature durability and thermal shock resistance.
  • Binder concentration within the coating can be within a range of 5% to 80% (wt/wt), or in other embodiments can be within a range between 20% and 70% (wt/wt).
  • the ratio of binder to solids (for example, filler and pigment) can be between 1 : 1 and 3 : 1, and in other embodiments between 1 : 1 and 2: 1, where all ratio on a wt:wt basis.
  • substantially plate-like (or platelet-like or planar) particles of a filler material resistant to high temperatures can improve the resistance of the top coating to corrosion and/or to detrimental effects of high temperatures. This can be visibly noticeable after 500 or 1000 or 2000 hours or more at a temperature above when a coating with planar particles of a high-temperature filler material remains substantially black while a coating without such particles would be less 'black' and more 'gray'.
  • planar particles (which can be substantially planar) of filler material can enhance the thermal conductivity of the coating, and especially if the filler material comprises a metal or a metal alloy or a ceramic material with a thermal conductivity of at least 3 Watts per meter per degree Kelvin.
  • the thermal conductivity of the coating after application and curing on a metallic substrate can be at least 0.5 Watts per meter per degree Kelvin or at least 1.0 Watts per meter per degree Kelvin.
  • planar particles of filler material can reduce the emissivity of the coating after the coating is applied and cured on a metallic substrate that is a part of an insolation-receiving surface.
  • the emissivity of a coating without such particles would be higher than 80% or higher than 90% while the emissivity of a coating with such particles can be less than 80%, or less than 75%, or less than 70%.
  • enhancements to corrosion, abrasion, and hot oxidation resistance, thermal conductivity and high-temperature stability, and reduction of emissivity can be improved by incorporating a filler of planar particles that form overlapping strata of the particles when applied to a metallic substrate. Enough of the material should be provided to ensure that the overlapping strata cover most of the surface of the metallic substrate coated. If the particles are larger than the thickness of a layer of the coating after application and curing, or close to the thickness thereof, then it is more likely that the particles will settle in strata that are roughly parallel to the substrate and not settle on their edges.
  • a metallic or ceramic-containing filler material can strengthen of one or more layers of coating applied to a metallic substrate.
  • this alignment may serve to improve adhesion strength of the coating as a standalone coating or as a primer.
  • the overlap of the platelets can reinforce the coating during drying and/or curing. The platelets may also reduce internal stress due to thermal
  • planar particles can provide a measure of barrier protection, since the platelets align parallel to the article surface and provide low moisture and gas permeability through the strata of platelets.
  • the relatively high aspect ratio of the individual platelets may provide beneficial rheological properties and improve sag resistance.
  • the overlapping strata of planar particles can prevent or slow oxidation of the metallic substrate after coating, drying and/or curing.
  • the filler material i.e., the planar particles
  • concentration in the coating can affect the resulting properties of the coating, such as, but not limited to: emissivity, optical properties, thermal resistance, adhesion, corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance and hot oxidation resistance.
  • the filler material can be at a concentration between about 1% (wt/wt) and about 60% (wt/wt).
  • a top coating can be in the form of a liquid composition like a paint, and can include a solution and/or a colloid and/or a suspension.
  • the top coating can include a carrier liquid, such as an aqueous or organic solvent for ease of application to a surface of an article, for example an insolation-receiving surface of a heat transfer member in a solar receiver.
  • a solvent can serve as a carrier for the various components of the liquid coating.
  • a solvent can dissolve or facilitate the dissolution of a binder in the coating, thereby reducing the viscosity thereof to a suitable level for application.
  • Modes of application can include, but are not limited to, brush, roller, pressure spray, ultrasonic spray, electrostatic spray, and airless spray. After application of the coating, the solvent can evaporate, thus leaving behind the other components of the paint formulation to form the coating on the desired article.
  • a solvent can include, for example, at least one of glycol ethers, aromatic naphtha solvents, and members of the xylene family (e.g., m-xylene, p-xylene, o-xylene, and/or mixtures thereof), butyl acetate, toluene, and combinations thereof.
  • the organic solvent can be at least one of 4-chlorobenzotrifluoride(4-CBTF) propylene glycol mono methyl ether (commercially available as DOWANOLTM PM from Dow Chemical Company), dipropylene glycol mono methyl ether (commercially available as DOWANOLTM DPM from Dow Chemical Company), dipropylene glycol (mono methyl ether acetate) (commercially available as
  • DOWANOLTM DPMA from Dow Chemical Company
  • tripropylene glycol mono methyl ether commercially available as DOWANOLTM TPM from Dow Chemical Company
  • propylene glycol mono n-butyl ether commercially available as DOWANOLTM PnB from Dow Chemical Company
  • dipropylene glycol mono butyl ether commercially available as DOWANOLTM DPnB from Dow Chemical Company
  • tripropylene glycol mono n-butyl ether commercially available as DOWANOLTM TPnB from Dow Chemical Company
  • propylene glycol mono propyl ether commercially available as DOWANOLTM PnP from Dow Chemical Company
  • dipropylene glycol mono propyl ether commercially available as DOWANOLTM DPnP from Dow Chemical Company
  • propylene glycol butyl ether commercially available as DOWANOLTM DPMA from Dow Chemical Company
  • tripropylene glycol mono methyl ether commercially available as DOWANOLTM TPM from Dow Chemical Company
  • DOWANOLTM TPnB-H from Dow Chemical Company
  • propylene glycol mono methyl ether acetate commercially available as DOWANOLTM PMA from Dow Chemical Company
  • diethylene glycol mono butyl ether commercially available as DOWANOLTM DB from Dow Chemical Company
  • other ethylene or propylene glycol ethers xylenes (m-xylene, p-xylene, o- xylene or any mixture thereof), t-butyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, and toluene.
  • Other solvents can also be used according to one or more contemplated embodiments in order to comply with environmental requirements related to volatile organic compounds (VOC).
  • VOC volatile organic compounds
  • a solvent system which includes a solvent and a co-solvent.
  • a co-solvent may be used to disperse an inorganic or metallic filler.
  • the co-solvent may have an undesirably high evaporation rate.
  • a solvent to lower the evaporation rate may be introduced.
  • the solvent may be 4-chlorobenzotrifluoride (4-CBTF) and the co-solvent may be di- propylene glycol methyl ether (DPM) and/or glycol methyl ether acetate (DPMA).
  • the total solvent/co-solvent concentration can be in the range from 0% (wt/wt) to 80% (wt/wt), for example, between 10% (wt/wt) and 45% (wt/wt).
  • a top coating can include at least one of a wetting agent and a dispersing agent. Additionally or alternatively, the coating can include a thickening agent, a de- foaming agent, an anti-foaming agent, an electrostatic spray agent, a spray enhancing agent, an anti-sedimentation agent, a rheological agent, an adhesion promotion agent, and an anti- corrosive agent.
  • the dispersing agents can de-agglomerate the particles in the paint formulation and reduce solid precipitation in the paint formulation.
  • Such dispersing agents can include at least one of, for example, an alkylolammonium salt of a block copolymer with acidic groups (commercially available as DISPERBYK®-180 from BYK Additives), a solution of a carboxylic acid salt of polyamine amides (commercially available as ANTI-TERRA®-204 from BYK Additives), a solution of a copolymer with acidic groups (commercially available as DISPERBYK®-110 from BYK Additives), and a copolymer with acidic groups (commercially available as DISPERBYKD-111 from BYK Additives).
  • an alkylolammonium salt of a block copolymer with acidic groups commercially available as DISPERBYK®-180 from BYK Additives
  • a solution of a carboxylic acid salt of polyamine amides commercially available as ANTI-TERRA®-204 from BYK Additives
  • the wetting agent can reduce surface tension of the paint formulation and thereby improve paint film properties and adhesion to the surface of the article.
  • Such wetting agents can include a poly ether modified poly-dimethyl-siloxane (commercially available as BYK®-333 from BYK Additives).
  • De-foaming agents can include a silicone- free solution of foam destroying polymers (commercially available as BYKD-052, BYKD-054, or BYKD-057 from BYK Additives), a polyacrylate-based surface additive (commercially available as BYK®-392 from BYK Additives), or a silicone-free air release additive (commercially available as BYK®- A 535 from BYK Additives).
  • the thickening and/or anti-sedimentation agent can provide the desired viscosity of the primer paint formulation, for example, based on the method of coating and/or to reduce particle sedimentation.
  • Such thickening and/or anti-sedimentation agents can include a solution of a modified urea (commercially available as BYKD-410 from BYK Additives), BYKD-430 or BYK®-431 from BYK additives, bentonites, and hydrophobic pyrogen silica (commercially available as AEROSIL® R 972 from Evonik Industries).
  • Electrostatic spray agents may increase the conductivity of the paint formulation to assist in spraying.
  • Such spray agents can include a cationic compound additive (commercially available as EFKA® 6780 from BASF Corporation) or a conductivity promoter for coatings (commercially available as LANCOTM STAT L 80 from Lubrizol GmbH).
  • top coating may be applied by itself or in combination with one or more surface treatments or other layers.
  • a metal article may be provided with one or more of a substrate surface treatment (e.g., grit blasting, shot blasting or ball blasting) and a high-temperature heat-resistant solar- absorbing coating (e.g., the instant top coating formulation) as a top coating layer (absorbing layer).
  • a substrate surface treatment e.g., grit blasting, shot blasting or ball blasting
  • a high-temperature heat-resistant solar- absorbing coating e.g., the instant top coating formulation
  • At least one of a selective coating, an anti-reflective coating and an anti-fouling coating can be applied on top of the top coating. Additionally or alternatively, a coating may be applied to the top coating to protect it from environmental effects.
  • a coating system as described herein was shown to be effective in inhibiting a steel-containing substrate from high-temperature oxidation (oxide scaling), and in protecting the substrate and thereby extend its operating lifetimg.
  • One sample was uncoated; a second sample was coated with a single coating comprising planar particles of a material having thermal conductivity of at least 3 Watts per meter per degree Kelvin, and an inorganic pigment; and a third sample was coated with a coating system in accordance with embodiments herein, comprising a bottom coating comprising glass particles and a precursor of a preceramic binder, and a top coating comprising planar particles of a material having thermal conductivity of at least 3 Watts per meter per degree Kelvin, and an inorganic pigment.
  • the first sample rapidly reached a level of oxide scaling to a depth of 60 to 100 microns, followed by descaling
  • the second sample reached a level of oxide scaling to a depth of 60 to 70 microns after 2,000 hours, again followed by descaling (peeling).
  • oxide scaling reached a depth of 20 to 30 microns after 2,000 hours and further reached a depth of 30 to 40 microns after 10,000 hours.
  • a coating system as disclosed herein can be applied to the external surface (or at least a portion thereof) of a heat transfer member or an assembly of heat transfer members such as a pipe assembly comprising one or more pipes.
  • a top coating as used herein can be applied to the external surface of a heat transfer member or assembly of heat transfer members such as a pipe assembly comprising one or more pipes, that have already been coated with a bottom coating as disclosed herein for corrosion protection, which can optionally include one or more primer layers.
  • the top coating can be applied atop the bottom coating after the latter has been cured or alternatively the two coatings, together forming a coating system, can be cured at the same time.
  • the top coating can be provided at a thickness of up to ⁇ or 200 ⁇ after application and curing. Alternatively or additionally, each layer of the top coating can have a dry thickness less than ⁇ .
  • Application of a coating can include (a) applying a layer of the coating over a metallic surface, for example of a heat transfer member, that is coated with a bottom coating, at a time when a binder dispersed in the coating is a metal alkoxide binder or high temperature inorganic binder, and (b) subsequently heating the layer (e.g., at a temperature greater than 200 degrees Celsius or greater than 350 degrees Celsius) to cure the coating layer or layers on the metallic surface, thereby irreversibly converting the metal alkoxide binder or high temperature inorganic binder into an inorganic and/or ceramic binder.
  • the metal article can be a pipe 202 of a receiver 200 in a solar thermal system.
  • one or more of the coatings, and coating systems described herein may be applied to at least a portion of the exterior surface of pipe 202, as illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 3 shows an isometric cutaway view of pipe 202 including an illustrative coating system 350 comprising bottom coating 360 and top coating 370.
  • Bottom coating 360 comprises a primer layer 361 and a protective layer 362.
  • Top coating comprises a thermally conductive layer 371 and a pigment-containing layer 372. None of the layers have been drawn to scale.
  • Pipe 202 has a metal wall 304 separating an interior volume 301 of pipe 202 from the external environment. Water and/or steam or other heat transfer fluid or working fluid, which may be preheated and/or pressurized, flows through the pipe interior volume.
  • An exterior surface side 306 of the metal wall 304 can receive reflected insolation from the field of heliostats, so as to heat the metal wall 304 and thereby the fluid conveyed therethrough.
  • the coatings applied to the exterior surface 306 can improve absorption of solar insolation and/or protect the metal surface and/or reduce emissivity.
  • the exterior surface side 306 of the metal wall 304 can optionally be pre-treated prior to application of any other layers.
  • the surface 306 can be subjected to at least one of grit-blasting, shot blasting and ball blasting.
  • a first primer layer 361 of a bottom coating 360 is provided on the pipe surface 306 and a protective layer 362 of coating is provided atop that.
  • more than one primer layer 361 can be applied, or alternatively no primer layer 361 need be applied.
  • multiple protective layers 362 can be applied, with or without primer layers 361.
  • a first thermally conductive layer 371 of top coating 370 is applied atop the topmost protective layer 362 of bottom coating 360, and it may include a solar-absorptive black pigment, but this may be omitted given the presence of a solar-absorptive black pigment in an outer layer 372.
  • Thermally conductive layer 308 includes overlapping strata of planar particles of a material that enhances the thermal conductivity and reduces the emissivity of the coating, the material of the planar particles typically being a metal or metal alloy or a ceramic with high thermal conductivity. More than one thermally conductive layer 371 can be applied.
  • the outer layer 372 which includes a solar-absorptive black pigment, for example an inorganic pigment such as an oxide-based pigment or a precursor thereof, may optionally include similar arrangements of thermally conductive planar particles.
  • this layer is called the absorptive layer, the use of which term is not intended to limit in any way the physical properties of this top coating layer.
  • a single top coating layer 371 is applied atop the bottom coating 360, and such a single thermally conductive and absorptive layer includes both the overlapping strata of planar particles and a solar-absorptive black pigment.
  • additional coating layers may be provided, with the general rule being that at least the first layer of the top coating includes the overlapping layers of planar particles and that at least the outermost layer of the top coating, notwithstanding any additional optional coatings applied thereupon (e.g., anti-fouling, anti-reflective or selective coatings), includes a solar-absorptive black pigment.
  • each coating layer can be 5 ⁇ or less, or less than 20 ⁇ , 50 ⁇ , or 200 ⁇ .
  • each layer can have a thickness in the range from 5 ⁇ to ⁇ , for example, between 5 ⁇ and 50 ⁇ .
  • each layer Prior to curing, each layer can have a wet film thickness in the range from 5 ⁇ to ⁇ .
  • each layer of the applied paint formulation can have a wet film thickness of about 20-200 ⁇ or about 20-300 ⁇ .
  • FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D are illustrative examples of planar particles 310 of a metallic or ceramic-containing material with thermal conductivity and emissivity properties as disclosed in the various embodiments.
  • Each of the various examples is shown in both plan view and elevation view.
  • planar particles can be substantially planar with some variation, with varying thicknesses and irregular surfaces.
  • any particle can have unformed or open spaces 351.
  • a particle need not have a convex shape, and in fact the illustrated shapes are merely exemplary and the particles can have any shape.
  • Each particle has a first maximum dimension Dl, a second maximum dimension D2, and a third maximum dimension D3.
  • the plan view is a projection of the largest 'face' or facet of each respective illustrated particle with maximum dimensions Dl and D2, and the elevation view is a corresponding project of a smaller 'face' with maximum dimensions Dl and D3.
  • Dl, D2 and D3 can differ from particle to particle.
  • D3 is defined herein as the smallest of Dl, D2 and D3 for each particle. In some embodiments, D3 is between 1 micron and 10 microns, inclusive, for at least 50% of the planar particles. In some
  • D3 is between 0.5 micron and 20 microns, inclusive, for at least 95% of the planar particles.
  • the D3 dimension being thin relative to the other two dimensions, allows the planar particles to 'stack up' when the coating is applied to a substrate and 'lie down' parallel to the substrate.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a cross section along a longitudinal section of a coated pipe wall 304, where planar particles 370 in thermally conductive coating layer 371 are shown settled in overlapping strata that are substantially parallel to the bottom-coated pipe wall 380 and its outer surface 385.
  • Coating layer 371 has a thickness D4 and contains planar particles 310 as filler as well as other components according to any of the embodiments described herein.
  • a second or more thermally conductive coating layer 371 or an absorptive coating layer 372 can be applied, and according to other embodiments additional coating layers can be applied; in any case coating layer 371 will have a thickness D4 and other coating layers such as a second thermally conductive layer 371 or an absorptive coating layer 372 will have another thickness which can be the same as that of the illustrated coating layer 371 or different.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates, in plan view, a plurality of substantially planar particles 310 that have settled into overlapping strata.
  • the shaded areas of particles 310 are projections of the apparent area in plan view, depending on the angular orientation of the respective particles after application (or after application and curing) of the coating on a metallic substrate, and because of variations in angular orientation the shaded areas do not necessarily correspond one-to-one with respective maximum dimensions Dl and D2. In embodiments, there can be residual areas with no
  • the overlapping strata of particles 310 provide coverage of at least 90% or at least 95% or at least 99% of the surface area of bottom-coated metallic substrate 380 that is coated with the coating system 350.
  • At least one of the two larger dimensions Dl or D2 is thicker than coating layer thickness D4.
  • at least one of Dl or D2 is larger than D4 for at least 50% of planar particles 310.
  • at least one of Dl or D2 is larger than D4 for at least 75% of planar particles 310.
  • both Dl are D2 are larger than D4 for at least 50%) of planar particles 310.
  • both Dl and D2 are larger than D4 for at least 75%) of planar particles 310.
  • the thickness D4 of a thermally conductive coating layer 371 or absorptive coating layer 372 is less than or equal to 200 microns or less than or equal to 150 microns, and for at least 50% of the particles 310 at least one of Dl and D2 is greater than 150 microns or greater than 200 microns. In another example, the thickness D4 of a thermally conductive coating layer 371 or absorptive coating layer 372 is less than or equal to 200 microns or less than or equal to 150 microns, and for at least 50% of the particles 310 both Dl and D2 are greater than 150 microns or greater than 200 microns.
  • the thickness D4 of a thermally conductive coating layer 371 or absorptive coating layer 372 is less than or equal to 200 microns or less than or equal to 150 microns, and for at least 50% of the particles 310 both Dl and D2 are greater than 150 microns or greater 200 microns. In yet another example, for at least 95% of the particles 310 at least one of Dl and D2 is great than 30 microns. In still another example, for at least 95% of the particles 310 both Dl and D2 are greater than 30 microns.
  • a projection of the largest 'face' of a substantially planar particle 310 in the x-y plane (the plane parallel to external surface 385 of a bottom-coated substrate 380), in other words the apparent surface area of the plan view of a particle 310 as illustrated in FIG. 7, has an area Al .
  • the projected area Al is substantially equal to the actual area of the largest face of the particle 310 multiplied by the cosine of angle a.
  • the projected area can be calculated for any angular orientation and shape of particle.
  • the sum of Al (the combined projected surface areas of each of the particles particle) for the planar particles 310 in a layer of coating 371 or 372 covering all or part of a coated substrate can be larger than the coated area.
  • a fluid can be heated using insolation.
  • a method for solar heating of a fluid can include directing insolation at high concentration, for example more than 100 suns (100 kilowatts per square meter) or more than 200 suns or more than 600 suns, onto the surface of a heat transfer member 202 in a solar receiver 200.
  • the heat transfer member can comprise a metallic substrate 304 and a bottom coating 360 applied to an external surface 306 of the heat transfer member and a top coating 370 applied thereupon.
  • Top coating 370 can provide high solar absorptivity, for example more than 90% with respect to the AM 1.5 spectrum, and can have emissivity at 20 degrees Celsius, or at a higher temperature, of less than 80% or less than 70%).
  • At least the thermally conductive coating layer 371, and optionally an absorptive coating layer 372, and optionally any optional additional coating layers can comprise overlapping strata of planar particles that increase the thermal conductivity and reduce the emissivity of the coating. However many coating layers there are, at least the outermost one includes an oxide- based pigment that increases solar absorptivity.
  • the method can additionally comprise conveying a fluid through an inner volume 301 of the heat transfer member 202, enabling the transfer of heating of the fluid from enthalpy in the metallic substrate 304 of the heat transfer member 202, the enthalpy having been converted from photonic energy absorbed by at least one of the coating layers.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un revêtement à haute température pour un élément de transport de fluide de récepteurs solaires, qui comprend un revêtement inférieur et un revêtement supérieur. Le revêtement inférieur comprend une couche d'apprêt facultative et une couche de protection contre la corrosion qui comprend un liant précéramique, un liant polymère précéramique, ou un précurseur de ce dernier, et des particules de verre en tant que charge. Le revêtement supérieur comprend des particules planes se chevauchant d'un matériau ayant une conductivité thermique élevée qui contribue également à une émissivité réduite, et un pigment inorganique pour une forte capacité d'absorption d'énergie dans la partie solaire du spectre électromagnétique.
PCT/IB2017/052262 2016-04-21 2017-04-20 Revêtements d'absorption solaire à haute température ayant une protection contre la corrosion, et leurs procédés d'utilisation Ceased WO2017182973A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201780001241.XA CN107532015A (zh) 2016-04-21 2017-04-20 具有防腐保护的高温吸光涂层及其使用方法

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201662325649P 2016-04-21 2016-04-21
US62/325,649 2016-04-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017182973A1 true WO2017182973A1 (fr) 2017-10-26

Family

ID=60116615

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2017/052262 Ceased WO2017182973A1 (fr) 2016-04-21 2017-04-20 Revêtements d'absorption solaire à haute température ayant une protection contre la corrosion, et leurs procédés d'utilisation

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN107532015A (fr)
WO (1) WO2017182973A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3489383A1 (fr) * 2017-11-22 2019-05-29 General Electric Technology GmbH Composants revêtus de systèmes d'énergie solaire
CN112020545A (zh) * 2018-02-26 2020-12-01 欧洲Nof金属涂层公司 用于金属零件的耐腐蚀涂层的修饰涂层组合物、涂覆修饰涂层的湿碰湿法、金属零件的耐腐蚀涂层和经涂覆金属零件

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CZ308476B6 (cs) * 2019-07-07 2020-09-09 First Point a.s. Nátěrová hmota a způsob jejího nanášení
CN112961532B (zh) * 2021-02-08 2022-07-05 米格（浙江）创新科技有限公司 超宽波幅红外线保温隔热涂料
CN115404005B (zh) * 2022-09-01 2024-01-05 北京星驰恒动科技发展有限公司 一种耐高温空间消杂光涂料及其制备方法和应用

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140141236A1 (en) * 2011-04-17 2014-05-22 Brightsource Industries (Israel) Ltd. Solar-radiation-absorbing formulations and related apparatus and methods
US20140193647A1 (en) * 2011-03-24 2014-07-10 Bengurion University Of The Negev Research And Development Authority Coatings for solar applications
US8893711B2 (en) * 2007-10-18 2014-11-25 Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc High temperature solar selective coatings

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8893711B2 (en) * 2007-10-18 2014-11-25 Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc High temperature solar selective coatings
US20140193647A1 (en) * 2011-03-24 2014-07-10 Bengurion University Of The Negev Research And Development Authority Coatings for solar applications
US20140141236A1 (en) * 2011-04-17 2014-05-22 Brightsource Industries (Israel) Ltd. Solar-radiation-absorbing formulations and related apparatus and methods

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Aluminum foil", WIKIPEDIA, LOW EMISSIVITY, 22 February 2016 (2016-02-22), pages 2/4, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_emissivity> [retrieved on 20170718] *
"Aluminum", WIKIPEDIA, LIST OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITIES, 30 March 2016 (2016-03-30), pages 2/11, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_thermal_conductivities> [retrieved on 20170718] *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3489383A1 (fr) * 2017-11-22 2019-05-29 General Electric Technology GmbH Composants revêtus de systèmes d'énergie solaire
CN112020545A (zh) * 2018-02-26 2020-12-01 欧洲Nof金属涂层公司 用于金属零件的耐腐蚀涂层的修饰涂层组合物、涂覆修饰涂层的湿碰湿法、金属零件的耐腐蚀涂层和经涂覆金属零件

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN107532015A (zh) 2018-01-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2017182973A1 (fr) Revêtements d&#39;absorption solaire à haute température ayant une protection contre la corrosion, et leurs procédés d&#39;utilisation
US20140326236A1 (en) High absorptivity, heat resistant coatings and related apparatus and methods
US9574092B2 (en) Solar-radiation-absorbing formulations and related apparatus and methods
Pagliaro et al. Silica-based hybrid coatings
CN107034466B (zh) 腐蚀控制涂层
JP7181056B2 (ja) 腐食制御コーティング
CN115087708A (zh) 选择性施加的梯度涂料组合物
CN101935498A (zh) 一种耐高温有机硅防腐内灌涂料
CN104903412B (zh) 热成形之前涂布钢的多步方法
KR20170016946A (ko) 자외선-저항성 초소수성 코팅 조성물
US20100115950A1 (en) Hydrophobic coating of condensers in the fitted state
ES2985401T3 (es) Composición para recubrir un conductor aéreo
WO2015136531A2 (fr) Films absorbeurs de lumière
US20230323155A1 (en) Multi-functional silizane-based coatings and materials
CN110945089A (zh) 太阳能发电装置中的中央塔接收器的保护涂层及其制造方法
CN113195616A (zh) 可喷涂的有机硅聚合物分散体
WO2016063255A1 (fr) Revêtements à absorption solaire à haute température présentant une conductivité thermique élevée et une faible émissivité, et leurs procédés d&#39;utilisation
AU2006334431B2 (en) Heat resistant coating
JP2011106100A (ja) 被膜積層体
ES3039272T3 (en) Ambient cure high temperature protective coating
CN105312215A (zh) 热水器水箱内胆氟树酯涂层防腐方法
RU2245350C1 (ru) Термозащитная краска
WO2018130615A1 (fr) Procédé d&#39;obtention d&#39;un revêtement dense résistant à l&#39;usure hydrophobe et glaciophobe au moyen d&#39;une technique de pulvérisation de gaz froid
KR20200049013A (ko) 방청 피막
JP2017170399A (ja) 耐熱塗装方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 17785547

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 17785547

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1