WO2017174062A1 - Ring - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a divided ring (1) and to a method for producing same. According to the invention, a closed ring (1) is first provided with bores (3) which are used to receive connection means (11). The ring (1) is then divided into segments (5.1, 5.2). The aim of the invention is to reproduce a non-separable ring (1) from the produced segments (5.1, 5.2). This is achieved in that at least one separation plane (7.1) which runs between two end faces (6) of different segments (5.1, 5.2) is cut by a common bore axis (10) at an angle α1 which differs from 90°, and connection means (11) are inserted into the bore (3).

Description

 Name of the invention

ring

Description Technical area

The invention relates to the formation of rings, which are formed from interconnectable segments, and a method for producing such rings.

Rings formed from segments are used in particular where it is necessary, for example, to replace rings that surround waves without disassembling the shaft. For example, if a ship's shaft, which extends between the drive unit and the respective propeller, mounted by means of sliding or rolling bearings, these bearings can only be replaced by bearings with integrally formed bearing rings, if previously either the ship's shaft can be pulled out of the camps or the bearings can be withdrawn from or pushed onto the ship's shaft. As can easily be seen, this type of bearing exchange requires extensive disassembly and assembly work on the conversion parts surrounding the bearings and the shaft. Often, however, it is so that there is not the space available to deduct by axial movements, for example, the bearings of the shaft.

For this reason, in such problematic installation conditions, bearing rings, which belong, for example, to a roller bearing supporting the shaft, have been made up of segments which, strung together in the direction of contact, then form the respective bearing ring. Such a segment tion allows to exchange such bearing rings without major assembly work on the conversion parts, because the segments can be easily removed about a shaft and replaced by new segments. For example, if a bearing ring of a split bearing consists of two segments, each of these segments usually provides a semicircular ring which, when reassembled, results in a bearing ring. As shown in DE31 12303 A1, screws, setscrews and / or even pressing pins can be used to connect the segments, which are guided by the respective segments to be joined. More specifically, this is done so that screws, etc. connecting the two segments intersect a plane of separation that extends between two opposing faces of the various segments at an angle of 90 °. Also, the connection between divided outer bearing rings of rolling or plain bearings can be solved so that the segments forming the bearing rings are unconnected to each other and placed in a split housing for their connection. If the various housing parts are connected to each other after inserting the segments in the split housing, the segments of the bearing ring are clamped in the housing after this connection. The latter is shown, for example, in US 2007/01 16393 A1, whereby here as well, as shown for example in UST102401 H, screws cut the respective separation planes between the two housing halves at an angle of 90 °. Finally, the connection between the segments can also be made so that brackets are provided, which engage in openings of the segments, as shown in JP5089952 U1 for the connection of two segments, which together form a cage for a rolling bearing.

Since it is essential for the operation of a split ring to permanently provide a space shape corresponding to that of an undivided ring, it is necessary that the connecting means connecting the respective segments not change their position during the use of the split rings. For if such changes occur, for example by loosening the screws connecting the segments, the desired (circular) ring shape changes and, for example, leads to premature failure of bearings. Therefore, special measures are taken to prevent a loosening of the connections. This can be solved so that the connecting means are secured by means of adhesives. It is also known to use special locking plates for this purpose, which exclude a change in position of connecting the segments connecting means. All of these measures to secure split rings are cumbersome and increase the complexity of split rings. The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying split rings, which do not require any additional measures to permanently provide a ring shape, but instead ensure that the segments are locked together by introducing connecting means into the bores.

Presentation of the invention

This object is achieved with the features of claim 1. A method for forming a split ring is given in claim 8. Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention can be taken from the dependent claims.

The invention is based on the general knowledge that a self-assurance exists if at least one common bore axis intersecting an associated separation plane adheres to this separation plane at an angle other than 90 °. If only one common bore axis is inclined, this inclination prevents a simple lifting or removal of a segment, even if the other common bore axis of a connection means intersects the associated separation plane at a right angle. If now such a trained ring loaded radially from the inside, the desired, always closed ring shape is still obtained even if a introduced into a hole for connecting the segments connecting means should loosen over time, because for the invention is not essential in that the connecting means are firmly screwed or pressed into the holes, but that the shank of the respective connecting means engages in bore parts of a bore with a common bore axis, which extend in different segments. Therefore, even dowel pins sufficient axial length can accomplish this task in a very simple manner, even if they have been pushed powerless into the corresponding holes.

It should already be pointed out in this connection that a plane of separation is always one at which the planes of two end faces belonging to different segments directly oppose one another. If the two planes provided by the end faces touch, they form a common plane together with the respective separation plane. The processing cost is reduced when a bore extending through a segment which has a common bore axis with a bore extending in another segment is a blind bore.

The interlocking of segments is improved if at least two common bore axes intersecting different planes of separation have a common point of intersection.

The stability of the ring to radial forces acting internally against the ring is increased if at least one separation plane is cut from at least two common bore axes belonging to bores whose mouths directly oppose this separation plane. A further improvement of the cohesion of a ring formed from segments arises when at least two common bore axes, which belong to holes whose mouths on only one separation axes directly opposite each other, have a common point of intersection and / or if the radial distances A1, A2 between the points of intersection SP1, SP2 of common bore axes, which belong to bores whose mouths directly oppose each other on only one separation plane, and which are of different sizes at the center M of the ring, at least on an end face directly opposite a separation plane.

It is advantageous if the inventively embodied ring is a split bearing ring or a split cage of a rolling bearing, because the inventive design ensures despite a segmentation of these rings that highly loaded bearing rings or cages once for a wear-free and frictionless rolling of rolling elements produced ring shape over to maintain a very long time reliably.

Particularly simple is the formation of rings according to the invention, when in a first step, the holes are introduced into a still integrally connected ring and then the subdivision of this ring is made in segments in a subsequent step. This is because it is ensured by the introduction of bores in a closed ring that after dividing the ring, the holes of different segments virtually automatically aligned without much effort, when these segments joined together, for example around a shaft back to a ring become.

Already in this context, it should be noted that the term bore not only the insertion of bare holes is understood, but also includes the introduction of threaded holes. Are introduced into the still closed ring threaded holes and then only the ring segmented according to the invention, wherein separation levels divide a previously introduced threaded hole in two sections, the previous introduction of threaded holes in the ring has the advantage that later screws for connecting the segments can be easily screwed because each thread, which in a piece ends, in the other section continues in the correct position.

The prerequisite for this, however, is that the segmentation of the rings takes place without material removal, for example by breaking the rings.

However, if a preferred breaking of the rings is precluded and separation processes with material removal, such as sawing, milling or erosion are used, it may be advantageous to compensate for this material removal later by replacing at least one intermediate piece between two to form a perfect closed circular shape End faces of two different segments is arranged. Since it is not absolutely necessary for cages to have a closed circular shape, it may be sufficient there to compensate for the material removal via the connecting elements.

Brief description of the figures

1 shows a bearing ring,

2 shows two semicircular segments,

FIG. 3 shows a bearing ring formed from two segments according to FIG. 2, FIG.

4 a roller bearing cage, 5 is a partial view of a roller bearing cage according to FIG. 4 (partially cut),

Fig. 6 further embodiment of a roller bearing cage, and

Fig. 7 partial view of a roller bearing cage according to FIG. 6 in side section.

Ways to carry out the invention

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS.

In Fig. 1, a one-piece ring 1 is shown, which is a bearing ring of a rolling bearing. At 3 and 9 o'clock this ring 1 holes 3 are introduced from the outer peripheral shell 2 ago in the ring 1, without these holes 3 on the inner peripheral shell 4 of the ring 1 emerge. For the sake of completeness, it should be pointed out that in other embodiments, the bores 3 also protrude from the inner peripheral shell 4 of the ring 3 or can pass through them completely between the inner and outer circumferential surfaces 4, 2. Even if the holes 3 are shown smooth-walled, these can, if they are later no pins, but to take screws, be designed as threaded holes. As can clearly be seen in the illustration of FIG. 1, the drilled holes 3 extend toward one another in the direction of 6 o'clock and form a common point of intersection S outside the ring 1 formed.

Fig. 2 shows a ring 1 according to Fig. 1, which is divided by breaking into two semicircular segments 5.1, 5.2. It can clearly be seen from this illustration that in each case a separation plane 7.1, 7.2 runs between two end faces 6 of different segments 5.1, 5.2. Since the separation planes 7.1, 7.2 also run through the bores 3, after the segmentation of the ring 1, each of the two bores 3 according to FIG. through the segment 5.1 extending through hole 8 and in a projecting into the segment 5.2 blind hole 9. The ends of through holes 8 and of blind holes 9, which respectively open in the end faces 6 of the segments 5.1, 5.2, are referred to as mouths 15 in connection with this application.

If the segment 5.1 is lowered in the direction of the arrow P onto the segment 5.2, so that the two end faces 6 of the segment 5.1 come into physical contact with the two end faces 6 of the segment 5.2, conditions are established which are shown in FIG.

This Figure 3 is removable, that after lowering the segment 5.1 on the segment 5.2, the holes 3, composed of the through holes 8 and blind holes 9 together, each having a common bore axis 10 and that each of these two bore axes 10, the associated separation level 7.1 or 7.2 intersects at a different angle of 90 ° α1, a2.

If pins 1 1 indicated above the hole 3 are merely pushed into the bores 3 in the direction of the arrow P2, the two segments 5.1, 5.2 are connected to one another without the radial circular forces F being able to dissolve the formed circular shape. Rather, cause only the outside of the ring 1 at the intersection S intersecting common bore axes 10 and the insertion of the pins 1 1 in the holes 3 a lock of the two segments 5.1, 5.2 in the circular form shown, which is only resolvable when the pins 1 1 either pulled out of the holes 3 or destroyed. In addition, the pins inserted into the bores 3, 8, 9 can be secured against falling out, which is not shown in FIG. 3, however. For the sake of completeness, it should be pointed out that the advantageous effects of the invention can also be achieved if, in an exemplary embodiment which is not particularly illustrated, the common bore axis 10 is the one Separation plane 7.1 intersects at the angle α1 different from 90 ° and the common bore axis 10, the separation plane 7.2 at an angle a2 of 90 °. Even if - as shown in particular in FIG. 3 - in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the common bore axes 10 extend in the plane of the paper, in another embodiment, not shown, they may additionally also have an inclination in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the paper Level have.

In Fig. 4, a cage 12 of a rolling bearing is shown, which is formed by two segments 5.1, 5.2. In contrast to the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 3, two pins 1 1 are provided in FIG. 4 for each separation plane 7.1, 7.2, which penetrate into the two segments 5.1, 5.2. As shown in this connection Fig. 5, the bore 3 are introduced into the annular edge 13.1 of the segment 5.2, penetrate the segment 5.2 as through holes 8 and end in segment 5.1 as blind holes 9. When viewed against the ring edges 13.1, 13.2 of Cage 12 extend the two pins 1 1 of the separation plane 7.1 to each other and to the two pins 1 1 of the separation plane 7.2 in parallel. The self-locking of the two segments 5.1, 5.2 is effected by the fact that each separation plane 7.1, 7.2, the two pins 1 1 and the common, emanating from the ring edges 13.1 bore axes 10 only converge, which by an intersection S 'in Fig. 5 in Segment 5.1 is indicated. Although this is shown in Fig. 4, both intersections S 'need not necessarily in the segment 5.1. Rather, it can just as well be in the segment 5.2 by reversing the conditions only at the separation level 7.2. The different angles α1, α2 shown in FIG. 5, which are different from 90 °, are the same size, but can also be different in size and / or even inclined in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the paper in another exemplary embodiment. The embodiment according to FIGS. 6 and 7 differs from the embodiment according to FIGS. 4 and 5 in that-as in particular FIG. 7 stands out only for the separation point 7.1-the separation planes 7.1, 7.2 each have a separation plane 7.1 or 7.2 belonging common bore axes 10.1, 10.2 and the pins inserted into these holes 3, 8, 9 1 1 cross to effect mutual locking of the segments 5.1, 5.2. As clearly emphasized in this context, FIG. 7, this crossing of the common bore axes 10. 1, 10. 2 is effected by the point of intersection SP 1 of the common bore axis 10. 1 extending in the foreground with the plane of the end face 6 of the segment 5. 1 to the center M of the cage 12 a distance A1 complies that the intersection SP2 of running in the background common bore axis 10.2 with the plane of the end face 6 of the segment 5.1 to the center M of the cage 12 a distance A2 and that the distance A1 is greater than the distance A2. As already explained in connection with FIGS. 4 and 5, the common bore axes 10.1, 10.2 extending in the foreground and / or in the background may also additionally be inclined in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the paper. Finally, it should be noted that the cages according to FIGS. 4 to 6 have not been divided by breaking, but by sawing into segments 5.1, 5.2. This is evident from the fact that between the connected segments 5.1, 5.2 remains a small distance A3, which is due to the material removal by sawing. Nevertheless, in order to arrive at a completely closed annular shape after connecting the two segments 5.1, 5.2, an intermediate piece 14 can be arranged between the two segments 5.1, 5.2, as indicated in FIG. 5 at the separation plane 7.1, which compensates for material removal. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 ring

 2 outer circumferential coat

 3 hole

 4 inner circumferential coat

 5.n segments

 6 face

 7.n separation level

 8 through hole

 9 blind hole

 10 common bore axis

1 1 pen

 12 cage

 13 ring edge

 14 intermediate piece

 15 estuary

Claims

claims ring each having two end faces 6 having segments 5.1, 5.2, which are juxtaposed in the circumferential direction of the ring 1, wherein between the two end faces 6 formed levels of different segments 5.1, 5.2 a separation plane 7.1, 7.2, with provided in the segments 5.1, 5.2 holes 3; 8, 9, of which always two, belonging to different segments 5.1, 5.2 holes 3; 8, 9 have a common, the between the facing end surfaces 6 of these segments 5.1, 5.2 extending separation plane 7.1, 7.2 intersecting bore axis 10, and with links 1 1, which in the common bore axes 10 having holes 3, 8, 9 engage and the in the circumferential direction of the ring, interconnect adjacent segments 5.1, 5.2, characterized, that at least one common bore axis 10 intersecting an associated separation plane 7.1 adheres to an angle α 1 different from 90 ° to this separation plane 7.1. Ring according to claim 1 characterized, in that at least two common bore axes 10, which intersect different separation planes 7.1, 7.2, have a common point of intersection S. Ring according to claim 1 or 2 characterized, that at least one separation plane is cut 7.1 of at least two common bore axes 10, the holes to 3; 8, 9 belong, the mouths 15 of this separation level 7.1 are directly opposite, and that all points of intersection SP1, SP2 from the common bore axes 10, to the holes 3; 8, 9 belong, the mouths 15 at only one separation level 7.1 directly opposite each other, comply with the planes of the respective end faces 6 to the center M of the ring 1 a radial distance A1, A2. Ring according to claim 3 characterized, that at least two common bore axes 10, the bores 3; 8. 9 belong whose mouths 15 at only one separation level 7.1 directly opposite each other, have a common intersection S 'have. Ring according to claim 3 or 4 characterized, the radial distances A1, A2 between the points of intersection SP1, SP2 and the center M are at least at an end face 6, which is directly opposite a separation plane 7.1, of different sizes. Ring according to one of claims 1 to 5 characterized, the ring 1 is a split cage 12 of a roller bearing. Ring according to one of claims 1 to 5 characterized, that the ring 1 is a split bearing ring of a rolling bearing. A method of forming a ring according to any one of claims 1 to 7 characterized, that in a first step, the holes 3 are introduced into a still one-piece ring 1 and that only in a subsequent step, the subdivision of the ring 1 is made in segments. Method according to claim 8 characterized, the subdivision is done by breaking, sawing, milling or eroding. Method according to claim 9 characterized, in the case of material-removing subdivision of rings 1 prior to connecting the segments, at least one intermediate piece 14 is arranged between the end faces 6 of different segments 5.1, 5.2.