WO2017150704A1 - アクアポリン4機能促進剤及び神経疾患用の医薬組成物 - Google Patents
アクアポリン4機能促進剤及び神経疾患用の医薬組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017150704A1 WO2017150704A1 PCT/JP2017/008485 JP2017008485W WO2017150704A1 WO 2017150704 A1 WO2017150704 A1 WO 2017150704A1 JP 2017008485 W JP2017008485 W JP 2017008485W WO 2017150704 A1 WO2017150704 A1 WO 2017150704A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/13—Amines
- A61K31/155—Amidines (), e.g. guanidine (H2N—C(=NH)—NH2), isourea (N=C(OH)—NH2), isothiourea (—N=C(SH)—NH2)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/443—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with oxygen as a ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4433—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with oxygen as a ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an aquaporin 4 function promoter and a pharmaceutical composition for neurological diseases.
- This application claims priority on March 4, 2016 based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-042766 filed in Japan, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- Aquaporin family consisting of aquaporin (AQP) and aquaglyceroporin.
- Aquaporin 4 is a member of the aquaporin family with extremely high water selectivity, and is a major AQP involved in water transport in the brain.
- AQP4 is also abundant in the end-feet membrane of astrocytes in contact with the brain, particularly the basement membrane.
- the perivascular space existing between the blood vessels distributed in the brain and the brain tissue is called “Virchow-Robin space” after the name of the discoverer.
- protein breakdown products and other cellular waste products have been transported through the vibro-robin cavity and can be reabsorbed into the vena cava, and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles. It was suggested to flow into.
- This transport is similar to the lymphatic system, and the mechanism for discharging waste products from the brain through the perivascular space is called a Glymphatic system (Glymphatic system).
- mice genetically deficient in AQP4 the ability to drain water through the first and second perivascular spaces into the ventricle is compromised, and the glitic system may depend on the expression level of AQP4 (For example, refer nonpatent literature 1.).
- amyloid ⁇ protein which is a major component of senile plaques, which is one of the pathological features of Alzheimer's disease, and its cleavage by-products are excreted via the glintic system.
- a ⁇ amyloid ⁇ protein
- Patent Document 1 describes an aquaporin function enhancer containing hyaluronic acid as an active ingredient mainly for the purpose of enhancing the function of AQP2 or 3.
- the aquaporin function enhancer described in Patent Document 1 mainly targets AQP2 or 3, and it has not been verified to promote the function of AQP4.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a novel aquaporin 4 function promoter that has an action of directly promoting AQP4 and is useful for treatment of diseases.
- the aquaporin 4 function promoter which concerns on 1st aspect of this invention contains the compound represented by following General formula (1), or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt as an active ingredient.
- n 11 is an integer of 1 to 10.
- the compound may be 2-guanidino-1-ethanesulfonic acid.
- the pharmaceutical composition for neurological diseases according to the second aspect of the present invention includes at least one of the aquaporin 4 function promoter according to the first aspect, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and diluent.
- the neurological disease may be any one selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease, cerebral infarction and brain tumor.
- the aquaporin 4 function promoter according to the third aspect of the present invention contains a compound represented by the following general formula (2) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.
- R 21 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alicyclic heterocyclic group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- R 21 is a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an i-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an i-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an i-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, Cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, 2-pyrrolidinyl group, 3-pyrrolidinyl group, 2-tetrahydrofuranyl group, 3-tetrahydrofuranyl group, 2-pyrrolyl group, 3-pyrrolyl group, 2-furanyl group, Or it may be a 3-furanyl group.
- the compound may be 2-phenylsulfamido-3-benzyloxypyrimidine.
- the pharmaceutical composition for neurological diseases according to the fourth aspect of the present invention includes at least one of the aquaporin 4 function promoter according to the third aspect, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and diluent.
- the neurological disease may be any one selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease, cerebral infarction and brain tumor.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of an in vitro assay using Xenopus oocytes for evaluating AQP4 function promoter candidate compounds in Example 1.
- FIG. It is a graph which shows the result of having measured the change of the function of AQP4 in the mouse
- FIG. It is a graph which shows the result of having measured the change of the function of AQP4 in the mouse
- FIG. 4 is an image of A ⁇ 42 stained using brain sections of a non-medication group, a compound 1A administration group, and a compound 2A administration group in Test Example 2.
- FIG. It is a graph which shows the quantitative result of a geriatric group in the image which dye
- FIG. 4 is an image of total A ⁇ stained using brain sections of a non-medication group and a compound 1A administration group in Test Example 2.
- FIG. 4 is an image of total A ⁇ stained using brain sections of a non-medication group and a compound 1A administration group in Test Example 2.
- FIG. 5 is an image of A ⁇ 40 stained using brain sections of a non-medication group and a compound 1A administration group in Test Example 2.
- FIG. It is a graph which shows the fixed_quantity
- FIG. 4 is an image of A ⁇ 42 stained using brain sections of a non-medication group and a compound 1A administration group in Test Example 2.
- FIG. It is a graph which shows the fixed_quantity
- the aquaporin 4 (AQP4) function promoter according to the first embodiment of the present invention may be referred to as a compound represented by the following general formula (1) (in the present specification, “compound (1)”). Or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.
- n 11 is an integer of 1 to 10.
- the AQP4 function promoter of this embodiment has an effect of directly promoting AQP4 and can mainly treat neurological diseases.
- GES 2-guanidino-1-ethanesulfonic acid
- function promotion of AQP4 means that the transport of water through AQP4 is promoted.
- By promoting the transport of water through AQP4 it is possible to promote the CSF flow and the excretion function by the glintic system, and prevent or treat diseases caused by these functional declines.
- the diseases that can be prevented or treated using the AQP4 function promoter of the present embodiment mainly include neurological diseases. More specifically, brain edema, cerebral ischemia, cerebral infarction, brain tumor, demyelinating disease , Epilepsy, neuropathic pain, migraine, manic depression, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and complications resulting from these diseases.
- Compound (1) is a compound having a guanidino group and a sulfo group, and directly binds to APQ4.
- n 11 is an integer of 1 to 10.
- n 11 is the number of repetitions of the alkylene group.
- n 11 is preferably an integer of 1 to 8, more preferably an integer of 1 to 6, even more preferably an integer of 1 to 4, and particularly preferably an integer of 1 to 2 because of high hydrophilicity.
- Preferred examples of the compound (1) include the compounds shown below. In addition, these compounds are only examples of a preferable compound (1), and a preferable compound (1) is not limited to these.
- the compound (1) is preferably NH 2 C (NH) NH (CH 2 ) 2 SO 3 H, that is, 2-guanidino-1-ethanesulfonic acid (GES).
- GES is a known compound, and many clinical studies have already been performed, which is preferable from the viewpoint of safety.
- the AQP4 function promoter of this embodiment may contain a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of compound (1).
- the salt is preferably a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt or basic salt.
- Acid addition salts include salts with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid; acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid, benzoic acid Examples thereof include salts with acids, organic acids such as methanesulfonic acid and benzenesulfonic acid.
- the basic salt include salts with inorganic bases such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide; salts with organic bases such as caffeine, piperidine, trimethylamine and pyridine.
- the AQP4 function promoter of this embodiment may contain additives such as a buffer solution such as PBS and Tris-HCl, sodium azide, and glycerol as other components.
- a method for treating a disease can be provided.
- the subject of treatment is not limited, and examples thereof include humans and mammals other than humans, and humans are preferred.
- Compound (1) can be produced, for example, by reacting sodium sulfite, a halide having the desired R 11 , and an aliphatic hydrocarbon having a guanidino group using a known reaction. More specifically, it is as follows.
- Compound (1) can be produced, for example, by a production method having the following two steps.
- First step A compound represented by the following general formula (1a) (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “compound (1a)”) and sodium sulfite are reacted to give the following general formula (1b):
- Second Step Compound (1b) is reacted with a compound represented by the following general formula (1c) (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “compound (1c)”) to give compound (1).
- Step of obtaining hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “compound (1) production step”.
- X is a halogen atom.
- Z is a halogen atom or a leaving group (eg, methanesulfonyloxy group, p-toluenesulfonyloxy group, etc.).
- n 11 is the same as above.
- n 11 is an integer of 1 to 10.
- n 11 is the number of repetitions of the alkylene group.
- n 11 is preferably an integer of 1 to 8, more preferably an integer of 1 to 6, even more preferably an integer of 1 to 4, and particularly preferably an integer of 1 to 2 because of high hydrophilicity.
- Compound (1b) is a known compound. In the compound (1b), n 11 is the same as n 11 in the compound (1a).
- reaction conditions an appropriate organic solvent or an aqueous solvent such as a mixed solvent of the organic solvent and water is preferably used as the reaction solvent.
- organic solvent that can be used in the production process of compound (1b) include methanol, ethanol, acetone, dichloromethane, chloroform, toluene, trifluoromethylbenzene, dimethyl sulfoxide, N, N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, 1 , 4-dioxane, methyl-tert-butyl ether, and the like.
- the said solvent may be used individually by 1 type, may use 2 or more types together, and when using 2 or more types together, those combinations and ratios can be selected arbitrarily.
- the amount of sodium sulfite used is, for example, preferably 0.5 to 2 times the molar amount of compound (1a), and 1 to 1.5 times the molar amount. Is more preferable.
- the amount of the additive used is preferably, for example, 0.1 to 1 times the molar amount, preferably 0.2 to 0.5 times the molar amount of compound (1a). More preferably.
- the reaction temperature is, for example, preferably 15 to 40 ° C., more preferably 20 to 30 ° C.
- the reaction time is, for example, preferably 48 to 96 hours, and more preferably 60 to 84 hours.
- the compound (1b) may be taken out by performing post-treatment as necessary by a known method. That is, as needed, post-treatment operations such as filtration, washing, extraction, pH adjustment, dehydration, concentration, etc. are performed alone or in combination of two or more, and concentration, crystallization, reprecipitation, column chromatography are performed.
- the compound (1b) may be taken out by, for example.
- the extracted compound (1b) may be further used as needed either by crystallization, reprecipitation, column chromatography, extraction, stirring and washing of crystals with a solvent, or a combination of two or more. You may refine
- compound (1b) after completion of the reaction, compound (1b) may be used in the next step without taking out, but compound (1) can be used in the next step. 1b) is preferably removed by the method described above.
- Compound (1c) is a known hydrogen halide. Specific examples include, but are not limited to, HF, HCl, HBr, HI, and the like.
- reaction conditions In the production step of compound (1), for example, an appropriate organic solvent or an aqueous solvent such as a mixed solvent of the organic solvent and water is preferably used as the reaction solvent.
- the organic solvent that can be used in the compound (1) production process is the same as that exemplified in the above-mentioned [Compound (1b) production process].
- the said solvent may be used individually by 1 type, may use 2 or more types together, and when using 2 or more types together, those combinations and ratios can be selected arbitrarily.
- the amount of compound (1c) used is, for example, preferably 0.5 to 2 times the amount of compound (1b) used, and 1 to 1.5 times the amount of mol. More preferably.
- the acid include inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid; organic acids such as acetic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid.
- the acids may be used alone or in combination of two or more, and when two or more are used in combination, their combination and ratio can be arbitrarily selected.
- the amount of acid used is preferably 1 to 5 times the molar amount of the compound (1b), and more preferably 2 to 4 times the molar amount.
- the reaction temperature is, for example, preferably 15 to 40 ° C., more preferably 20 to 30 ° C.
- the reaction time is, for example, preferably 48 to 96 hours, more preferably 60 to 84 hours.
- the compound (1) may be taken out by performing a post-treatment as necessary by a known method. That is, as needed, post-treatment operations such as filtration, washing, extraction, pH adjustment, dehydration, concentration, etc. are performed alone or in combination of two or more, and concentration, crystallization, reprecipitation, column chromatography are performed.
- the compound (1) may be taken out by, for example.
- the taken out compound (1) is further subjected to operations such as crystallization, reprecipitation, column chromatography, extraction, stirring and washing of crystals with a solvent, if necessary, or a combination of two or more. You may refine
- Each compound such as compound (1), compound (1a), compound (1b), compound (1c) is, for example, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), infrared spectroscopy (IR).
- NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
- MS mass spectrometry
- IR infrared spectroscopy
- the aquaporin 4 (AQP4) function promoter according to the second embodiment of the present invention may be referred to as a compound represented by the following general formula (2) (herein referred to as “compound (2)”). Or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.
- R 21 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alicyclic heterocyclic group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- the AQP4 function promoter of this embodiment has an effect of directly promoting AQP4 and can mainly treat neurological diseases.
- the present inventors searched for a candidate for an AQP4 function promoter from a low molecular weight compound library using in silico screening (in silico screening), which is a computer-based simulation. Furthermore, as shown in the Examples below, compounds based on the ability to increase the volume under low osmotic conditions of 60-80 mOsm in Xenopus laevis oocytes transfected with AQP4 mRNA to express AQP4 was selected. From these results, it was found that the compound (2) has an excellent function promoting effect of AQP4.
- Compound (2) is a compound having a 2-sulfonamido-3-benzyloxypyridine skeleton and directly binds to AQP4.
- R 21 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alicyclic heterocyclic group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in R 21 may be linear, branched or cyclic, and when it is cyclic, it may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, still more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- linear or branched alkyl group examples include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n- Pentyl group, isopentyl group, neopentyl group, tert-pentyl group, 1-methylbutyl group, n-hexyl group, 2-methylpentyl group, 3-methylpentyl group, 2,2-dimethylbutyl group, 2,3-dimethylbutyl Group, n-heptyl group, 2-methylhexyl group, 3-methylhexyl group, 2,2-dimethylpentyl group, 2,3-dimethylpentyl group, 2,4-dimethylpentyl group, 3,3-dimethylpentyl group 3-ethylpentyl group, 2,2,3-trimethylbutyl group, n-o
- the linear or branched alkyl group in R 21 is methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, i-propyl group, n-butyl group, i-butyl group, sec-butyl. It is preferably a group, an n-pentyl group, an i-pentyl group or an n-hexyl group.
- cyclic alkyl group examples include, for example, cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclooctyl group, cyclononyl group, cyclodecyl group, norbornyl group, isobornyl group, 1-adamantyl group, 2- Adamantyl group, tricyclodecyl group and the like, and further, one or more hydrogen atoms of these cyclic alkyl groups are substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group Things.
- halogen atom which substitutes a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom etc. are mentioned, for example.
- linear, branched, and cyclic alkyl groups include those described above as the alkyl group for R 21 .
- the cyclic alkyl group is preferably monocyclic. Further, the cyclic alkyl group preferably has 3 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the cyclic alkyl group in R 21 is preferably a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, or a cyclohexyl group.
- the alicyclic heterocyclic group in R 21 is composed of carbon and other elements (for example, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, etc.).
- the alicyclic heterocyclic group may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- Examples of the alicyclic heterocyclic group include an ethyleneimino group, azacyclobutyl group, pyrrolidinyl group, piperidyl group, piperidino group, piperazinyl group, hexamethyleneimino group, heptamethyleneimino group, octamethyleneimino group, nonamethylene.
- Nitrogen-containing alicyclic heterocyclic groups such as imino group, 1,3,5,7-tetraazaadamantyl group; epoxy group, trimethylene oxide group, tetrahydrofuranyl group, tetrahydropyranyl group, hexamethylene oxide group, heptamethylene Oxygen-containing alicyclic heterocyclic groups such as oxide group, octamethylene oxide group, nonamethylene oxide group, 2,4,6,8,9,10-hexaoxaadamantyl group; ethylene sulfide group, trimethylene sulfide group, tetrahydro Thienyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, hex Sulfur-containing alicyclic heterocyclic groups such as methylene sulfide group, heptamethylene sulfide group, octamethylene sulfide group, nonamethylene sulfide group, 2,4,6,8,9,10-hexathiaadamantyl
- a halogen atom which substitutes a hydrogen atom a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom etc. are mentioned, for example.
- Examples of the linear, branched, and cyclic alkyl groups include those exemplified in (R 11 ).
- the alicyclic heterocyclic group is preferably monocyclic.
- the number of atoms constituting the ring is preferably 3 to 10, more preferably 3 to 8, and more preferably 3 to 6.
- the alicyclic heterocyclic group in R 21 is preferably a 2-pyrrolidinyl group, a 3-pyrrolidinyl group, a 2-tetrahydrofuranyl group, or a 3-tetrahydrofuranyl group.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group for R 21 may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include a phenyl group, a pentarenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an octarenyl group, and the like, and one of these aromatic hydrocarbon groups.
- Examples include those in which the above hydrogen atom is substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group.
- a halogen atom which substitutes a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom etc. are mentioned, for example.
- Examples of the linear, branched, and cyclic alkyl groups include those exemplified in (R 11 ).
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably monocyclic.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group preferably has 6 to 14 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group in R 21 is phenyl group, 2-methylphenyl group, 3-methylphenyl group, 4-methylphenyl group, 2,3-dimethylphenyl group, 3,4-dimethyl group.
- the aromatic heterocyclic group in R 21 is composed of carbon and other elements (for example, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, etc.).
- the aromatic heterocyclic group may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- aromatic heterocyclic group examples include pyrrolyl group, imidazolyl group, pyrazolyl group, pyrazyl group, pyridyl group, pyrazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyridazinyl group, indolizinyl group, indolyl group, isoindolyl group, indazolyl group, purinyl group, Quinodinyl group, quinolyl group, isoquinolyl group, naphthyridinyl group, phthalazinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, quinazolinyl group, cinnolinyl group, pteridinyl group, carbazolyl group, ⁇ -carbolinyl group, phenanthridinyl group, acridinyl group, perimidinyl group, phenanthrolin Nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic groups such as nyl group, phenazinyl group, anti-
- Element-containing aromatic heterocyclic group sulfur-containing aromatic heterocyclic group such as thienyl group, thiopyranyl group, thiochromenyl group, isothiochromenyl group, thioxanthenyl group, isothioxanthenyl group, thiantenyl group; oxazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, flazanil And nitrogen- and oxygen-containing aromatic heterocyclic groups such as phenoxazinyl groups; nitrogen- and sulfur-containing aromatic heterocyclic groups such as thiazolyl, isothiazolyl and phenothiazinyl groups; oxygen- and sulfur-containing aromatics such as phenoxathinyl groups A heterocyclic group and the like, and further, one or more hydrogen atoms of these aromatic heterocyclic groups are substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group Is mentioned.
- halogen atom which substitutes a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom etc. are mentioned, for example.
- linear, branched, and cyclic alkyl groups include those exemplified in (R 11 ).
- the aromatic heterocyclic group is preferably monocyclic.
- the aromatic heterocyclic group preferably has 5 to 14 carbon atoms, more preferably 5 to 12 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 5 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the aromatic heterocyclic group for R 21 is preferably a 2-pyrrolyl group, a 3-pyrrolyl group, a 2-furanyl group, or a 3-furanyl group.
- R 21 represents methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, i-propyl group, n-butyl group, i-butyl group, sec-butyl group, n-pentyl group, i-pentyl group.
- Preferable compounds (2) include, for example, the compounds shown below when R 21 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. In addition, these compounds are only examples of a preferable compound (2), and a preferable compound (2) is not limited to these.
- Preferable compounds (2) include, for example, the compounds shown below when R 21 is an alicyclic heterocyclic group. In addition, these compounds are only examples of a preferable compound (2), and a preferable compound (2) is not limited to these.
- Preferable compounds (2) include, for example, the compounds shown below when R 21 is an aromatic hydrocarbon group. In addition, these compounds are only examples of a preferable compound (2), and a preferable compound (2) is not limited to these.
- Preferable compounds (2) include, for example, the compounds shown below when R 21 is an aromatic heterocyclic group. In addition, these compounds are only examples of a preferable compound (2), and a preferable compound (2) is not limited to these.
- the compound (2) is preferably 2-phenylsulfamido-3-benzyloxypyrimidine because it has an excellent AQP4 function promoting effect as shown in Examples described later.
- the AQP4 function promoter of this embodiment may contain a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of compound (2).
- the AQP4 function promoter of this embodiment may contain additives such as a buffer solution such as PBS and Tris-HCl, sodium azide, and glycerol as other components.
- a method for treating a disease can be provided.
- the subject of treatment is not limited, and examples thereof include humans and mammals other than humans, and humans are preferred.
- Compound (2) can be produced, for example, by condensing sulfonyl chloride having the desired R 21 and 2-amino-3-benzyloxypyridine using a known reaction. More specifically, it is as follows.
- Compound (2) includes, for example, a compound represented by the following general formula (2a) (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “compound (2a)”) and a compound represented by the following general formula (2b) ( Hereinafter, the step of reacting with “compound (2b)” to obtain compound (2) (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “compound (2) production step”). It can manufacture with the manufacturing method which has. Hereinafter, each step will be described in detail.
- Compound (2a) is a known compound.
- R 21 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an i-propyl group, an n-butyl group, An i-butyl group, sec-butyl group, n-pentyl group, i-pentyl group or n-hexyl group is preferred.
- R 21 is a cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, it is preferably a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, or a cyclohexyl group.
- R 21 is an alicyclic heterocyclic group, it is preferably a 2-pyrrolidinyl group, a 3-pyrrolidinyl group, a 2-tetrahydrofuranyl group, or a 3-tetrahydrofuranyl group.
- R 21 is an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a phenyl group, 2-methylphenyl group, 3-methylphenyl group, 4-methylphenyl group, 2,3-dimethylphenyl group, 3,4-dimethylphenyl group 2,4-dimethylphenyl group, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group, 3-fluorophenyl group, 4-fluorophenyl group, 2,4-difluorophenyl group, 3,5-difluoro A phenyl group, 2- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl group, 3- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl group, or 4- (trifluoromethylphenyl group) is preferable.
- R 21 is an aromatic heterocyclic group, it is preferably a 2-pyrrolyl group, a 3-pyrrolyl group, a 2-furanyl group, or a 3-furanyl group.
- Compound (2b) is a known compound (2-amino-3-benzyloxypyridine). Compound (2b) may be synthesized using a known method, or a commercially available product may be used.
- reaction conditions an appropriate organic solvent or an aqueous solvent such as a mixed solvent of the organic solvent and water is preferably used as the reaction solvent.
- organic solvent that can be used in the production process of the compound (2) include dichloromethane, chloroform, toluene, trifluoromethylbenzene, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, 1,4-dioxane, methyl-tert-butyl ether, and the like. It is not limited to.
- the said solvent may be used individually by 1 type, may use 2 or more types together, and when using 2 or more types together, those combinations and ratios can be selected arbitrarily.
- the amount of compound (2a) used is, for example, preferably 0.5 to 2 times the amount of compound (2b) used, and 1 to 1.5 times the amount of mol. More preferably.
- the base include organic bases such as pyridine, 2,6-lutidine, 2,6-bis (tert-butyl) pyridine, triethylamine, dimethylisopropylamine, N-methylmorpholine; sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, Examples include, but are not limited to, inorganic bases such as sodium hydride, potassium hydride and sodium amide; organometallic salts such as lithium diisopropylamide and butyl lithium.
- the bases may be used alone or in combination of two or more, and when two or more are used in combination, their combination and ratio can be arbitrarily selected.
- the amount of the base used is, for example, preferably 1 to 5 times the molar amount of the compound (2b), and more preferably 2 to 4 times the molar amount.
- the reaction temperature is, for example, preferably 15 to 40 ° C., more preferably 20 to 30 ° C.
- the reaction time is, for example, preferably 48 to 96 hours, more preferably 60 to 84 hours.
- the reaction is preferably carried out in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the inert gas include argon gas, helium gas, nitrogen gas, and the like.
- the compound (2) may be taken out by performing a post-treatment as necessary by a known method. That is, as needed, post-treatment operations such as filtration, washing, extraction, pH adjustment, dehydration, concentration, etc. are performed alone or in combination of two or more, and concentration, crystallization, reprecipitation, column chromatography are performed.
- the compound (2) may be taken out by, for example.
- the extracted compound (2) can be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds of operations such as crystallization, reprecipitation, column chromatography, extraction, and stirring and washing of crystals with a solvent, if necessary. You may refine
- Each compound such as compound (2), compound (2a), compound (2b) is a known method such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), etc. Can confirm the structure.
- NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
- MS mass spectrometry
- IR infrared spectroscopy
- composition for neurological diseases includes at least one of the aquaporin 4 function promoter described above, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and diluent.
- the neurological disease can be prevented or treated easily and effectively.
- the neurological diseases include the same as those exemplified in the above ⁇ Aquaporin 4 function promoter >>.
- the pharmaceutical composition for neurological disorders of this embodiment is used for the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer's disease, cerebral infarction, brain tumor, demyelinating disease, epilepsy or neuropathic pain.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present embodiment takes into account the age, sex, weight, symptoms, treatment method, administration method, treatment time, etc. of the test animal (various mammals including humans or non-human animals, preferably humans). Adjust as appropriate.
- the dose varies depending on the symptoms, but in the case of oral administration, it is generally an adult For a weight of 60 kg, it is considered to be about 1 to 20 g, preferably about 4 to 12 g, more preferably about 8 to 10 g per day.
- the single dose varies depending on the symptom and administration method. For example, in the form of injection, it is usually from about 0.5 g per day for an adult (with a body weight of 60 kg). It may be convenient to administer 10 g, preferably about 2 to 5 g, more preferably about 3 to 4 g, by intravenous injection.
- the dose varies depending on the symptoms, but in the case of oral administration, it is generally an adult In terms of a weight of 60 kg, it is considered to be about 0.1 to 3 g, preferably about 0.5 to 1.5 g, more preferably about 1 to 1.4 g per day.
- the single dose varies depending on the symptoms and administration method.
- an injection usually in an adult (with a body weight of 60 kg), usually about 0.05 to 2 g per day, Preferably, about 0.3 to 1.5 g, more preferably about 0.5 to 0.8 g, will be conveniently administered by intravenous injection.
- the number of administration is preferably 1 to several times per week.
- Examples of the dosage form include intraarterial injection, intravenous injection, subcutaneous injection, intranasal, intraperitoneal, transbronchial, intramuscular, transdermal, or oral methods known to those skilled in the art. Intravenous injection or intraperitoneal administration is preferred.
- Injectables can also be prepared as non-aqueous diluents (eg, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils such as olive oil, alcohols such as ethanol), suspensions, or emulsions. Such sterilization of injections can be performed by blending filter sterilization with a filter, bactericides, and the like.
- Injectables can be manufactured in the form of business preparation. That is, it can be used as a sterile solid composition by lyophilization, etc., and dissolved in distilled water for injection or other solvent before use.
- composition component comprises a therapeutically effective amount of the above-described carrier and bioactive substance, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents include excipients, diluents, extenders, disintegrants, stabilizers, preservatives, buffers, emulsifiers, fragrances, colorants, sweeteners, thickeners, flavoring agents. Agents, solubilizers, additives and the like.
- a colloidal dispersion system can be used as the carrier.
- the colloidal dispersion system is expected to have an effect of enhancing the in vivo stability of the above-described AQP4 function promoter and an effect of enhancing the transferability of the above AQP4 function promoter to a specific organ, tissue, or cell.
- colloidal dispersions include lipids including m polyethylene glycol, polymer composites, polymer aggregates, nanocapsules, microspheres, beads, oil-in-water emulsifiers, micelles, mixed micelles, and liposomes. Liposomes and artificial membrane vesicles that are effective in efficiently transporting the aforementioned AQP4 function promoter to specific organs, tissues, or cells are preferred.
- Examples of formulation in the pharmaceutical composition of this embodiment include those used orally as tablets, capsules, elixirs, and microcapsules with sugar coating as necessary. Or what is used parenterally in the form of a sterile solution with water or other pharmaceutically acceptable liquid, or an injection of suspension.
- a pharmacologically acceptable carrier or diluent specifically, sterilized water or physiological saline, vegetable oil, emulsifier, suspension agent, surfactant, stabilizer, flavoring agent, excipient, vehicle, Examples thereof include those formulated by mixing with a preservative, a binder and the like, and mixing in a unit dosage form generally required for pharmaceutical practice.
- Additives that can be mixed into tablets and capsules include, for example, binders such as gelatin, corn starch, tragacanth gum, gum arabic, excipients such as crystalline cellulose, swelling such as corn starch, gelatin, and alginic acid Agents, lubricants such as magnesium stearate, sweeteners such as sucrose, lactose or saccharin, flavoring agents such as peppermint, red mono oil or cherry.
- the above material can further contain a liquid carrier such as fats and oils.
- Sterile compositions for injection can be formulated according to normal pharmaceutical practice using a vehicle such as distilled water for injection.
- the sterile composition can be formulated according to normal pharmaceutical practice using a vehicle such as distilled water for injection.
- aqueous solutions for injection include isotonic solutions containing physiological saline, glucose and other adjuvants such as D-sorbitol, D-mannose, D-mannitol, sodium chloride, etc.
- An adjuvant for example, alcohol (specifically, ethanol), polyalcohol (for example, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, etc.)) or nonionic surfactant (for example, polysorbate 80 (TM), HCO-50, etc.) You may use together.
- oily liquid examples include sesame oil and soybean oil
- solubilizer may be used in combination with, for example, benzyl benzoate, benzyl alcohol and the like.
- a buffer eg, phosphate buffer, sodium acetate buffer, etc.
- a soothing agent eg, procaine hydrochloride, etc.
- a stabilizer eg, benzyl alcohol, phenol, etc.
- an antioxidant is further added. May be.
- the prepared injection solution is usually filled into a suitable ampoule.
- the injection can also be prepared as a non-aqueous diluent (eg, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oil such as olive oil, alcohol such as ethanol), suspension, or emulsion.
- a non-aqueous diluent eg, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oil such as olive oil, alcohol such as ethanol
- Such sterilization of injections can be performed by blending filter sterilization with a filter, bactericides, and the like.
- Injectables can be manufactured in the form of business preparation. That is, it can be used as a sterile solid composition by lyophilization, etc., and dissolved in distilled water for injection or other solvent before use.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present embodiment may be used alone or in combination with other pharmaceutical compositions for neurological diseases.
- One aspect of the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the aforementioned AQP4 function promoter for the treatment of neurological diseases.
- One aspect of the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the above-mentioned AQP4 function promoter and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
- one aspect of the present invention provides a therapeutic agent for a neurological disease comprising the pharmaceutical composition.
- one aspect of the present invention provides use of the aforementioned AQP4 function promoter for producing a therapeutic agent for neurological diseases.
- Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for treating a neurological disease, comprising administering an effective amount of the above-described AQP4 function promoter to a patient in need of treatment.
- 2-amino-3-benzyloxypyridine (1.50 g, 7.50 mmol) was added to a 50 mL round bottom flask to which dry dichloromethane (35 mL) was added. Subsequently, an aqueous solution of 2,6-lutidine (2.62 mL, 22.5 mmol) was added to the stirring solution using a syringe, and the reaction vessel was filled with argon. Subsequently, benzenesulfonyl chloride (1.05 mL, 8.25 mmol) was added to the stirring solution using a syringe. Subsequently, the reaction was performed with stirring at room temperature in an argon atmosphere for 72 hours.
- Example 1 In vitro assay Unless otherwise stated, reagents used in in vitro assays were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich or Wako Pure Chemical Industries and used as they were. Modified Bath's Medium (MBS) is NaCl (88 mM), KCl (1 mM), HEPES (10 mM), MgSO 4 (0.82 mM), NaHCO 3 (2.4 mM), CaCl 2 (0. 91 mM), Ca (NO 3 ) 2 (0.33 mM), and gentamicin (100 mg / L), each prepared to pH 7.5, and used within a maximum of one week after preparation. The separation buffer solution was prepared so as to have pH 7.5, each containing NaCl (108 mM), KCl (2 mM), EDTA (2 mM), and HEPES (10 mM).
- Oocyte preparation The isolation, preparation and transfection of Xenopus laevis oocytes are described in References (Sakimura, et al., FEBSLett., 272, 73-80, 1990.). The method was used. Specifically, oocytes were removed from adult female Xenopus laevis (weight 150 g) and transferred to MBS. Subsequently, the oocytes were partially transferred to the isolation buffer and the follicular membrane was manually removed to expose the oocytes. Subsequently, the oocytes from which the membrane was removed were transferred to fresh MBS and allowed to equilibrate for 2 hours prior to microinjection.
- cDNA encoding the human AQP4 (hAQP4) -M23 isoform (SEQ ID NO: 1) was cloned by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Strand cDNA was synthesized from human cerebellar total RNA using the Advantage RT-for-PCR kit (Clontech). The PCR primer was designed based on the known hAQP4-4M23 base sequence. The base sequences of the forward primer and the reverse primer are SEQ ID NOs: 2 and 3, respectively.
- hAQP4-M23 mRNA was subcloned into the pSP35T expression vector for introduction into Xenopus oocytes.
- the transferred oocytes were imaged using an SZX16 microscope (Olympus) connected to a DP26 digital camera (Olympus).
- the temperature of the plate was set to 24 ° C. using a MATS-5555 temperature adjustment stage (manufactured by Tokai Hit).
- Test Example 1 AQP4 Function Promotion Confirmation Test Using Mice (1) Administration of Candidate Compounds to Mice Male normal B6SJL-Tg mice obtained from Jackson Laboratories were bred up to 8 weeks after birth. Subsequently, indomethacin as a comparative example, compound 2A prepared in Production Example 1 or physiological saline as a control was intraperitoneally administered to each of five mice.
- FIG. 2A indomethacin administration
- FIG. 2B compound 2A administration
- FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B the relative value (CSF / Cortex) of CSF with respect to Cortex is shown.
- “Vehicle” indicates a non-medication control group
- “Indomethacin” indicates an indomethacin administration group
- “Compound 2A” indicates a compound 2A administration group.
- FIG. 3 revealed that AQP4 function promotion was induced in Alzheimer's disease model mice administered with GES. As this mechanism, it was speculated that the function of AQP4 by the ion buffering action in the perivascular space was promoted and enhanced.
- FIG. 5A shows an image of total A ⁇ stained using brain sections of the non-medication group and Compound 1A administration group
- FIG. 6A shows an image of staining of A ⁇ 40 using brain sections of the non-medication group and Compound 1A administration group
- FIG. 4A shows an image obtained by staining A ⁇ 42 using brain sections of the compound 1A administration group and the compound 2A administration group
- FIG. 5A shows an image of total A ⁇ stained using brain sections of the non-medication group and Compound 1A administration group
- FIG. 6A shows an image of staining of A ⁇ 40 using brain sections of the non-medication group and Compound 1A administration group
- FIG. 4A shows an image obtained by staining A ⁇ 42 using brain sections of the compound 1A administration group and the compound 2A administration group
- FIG. 7A shows an image obtained by staining A ⁇ 42 using brain sections of the non-medication group and the compound 1A administration group. Shown in FIG. 4A to FIG. 7A, “Control” represents the non-administration group, “Compound 1A” represents the compound 1A administration group, and “Compound 2A” represents the compound 2A administration group.
- FIG. 5B shows the results of quantification of the senile plaques in images obtained by staining total A ⁇ using brain sections of the non-medication group and the compound 1A administration group, and images obtained by staining A ⁇ 40 using brain sections of the non-medication group and the compound 1A administration group.
- FIG. 6B shows the quantification result of the geriatric group in FIG. 6B
- FIG. 4B shows the quantification result of the geriatric group in the images in which A ⁇ 42 was stained using the brain sections of the non-medication group, the compound 1A administration group, and the compound 2A administration group.
- FIG. 7B shows the quantitative results of the senile plaques in the images in which A ⁇ 42 was stained using brain sections of the administration group and Compound 1A administration group.
- FIG. 6B shows the quantification result of the geriatric group in FIG. 6B
- FIG. 4B shows the quantification result of the geriatric group in the images in which A ⁇ 42 was stained using the brain sections of the non-
- Amyloid ⁇ (A ⁇ ) is considered to be a direct cause of Alzheimer's disease, and the center of the disorder is A ⁇ 42, which is hydrophobic and easily aggregates. In animal experiments, there are many reports of reducing hydrophilic A ⁇ 40, but there have been few reports on drugs that significantly reduce A ⁇ 42. In addition, the total number of elderly people includes both A ⁇ 40 and A ⁇ 42.
- FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B revealed that oral administration of Compound 1A and Compound 2A can suppress an increase in the senile group consisting of A ⁇ 42, which is the cause of neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease model mice.
- the aquaporin 4 function promoter of the present embodiment is a novel aquaporin 4 function promoter that has an effect of directly promoting AQP4 and is useful for treating diseases.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2016年3月4日に、日本に出願された特願2016-042766号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
よって、脳におけるAQP4による水の輸送を促進することにより、加齢とともに低下するCSFの流れ及びグリンパティックシステムによる排出機能を促進させ、アルツハイマー病の発症及び進行を遅らせることを期待できる。
本発明の第1態様に係るアクアポリン4機能促進剤は、下記一般式(1)で表される化合物、又はその薬学的に許容できる塩を有効成分として含有する。
前記化合物が2-フェニルスルホアミド-3-ベンジルオキシピリミジンであってもよい。
<第1実施形態>
本発明の第1実施形態に係るアクアポリン4(Aquaporin 4;AQP4)機能促進剤は、下記一般式(1)で表される化合物(本明細書において、「化合物(1)」と称することがある。)、又はその薬学的に許容できる塩を有効成分として含有する。
化合物(1)はグアニジノ基、及びスルホ基を有する化合物であり、APQ4に直接結合する。
n11は1~10の整数である。n11はアルキレン基の繰り返し数である。n11は、親水性が高いことから、1~8の整数が好ましく、1~6の整数がより好ましく、1~4の整数がさらに好ましく、1~2の整数が特に好ましい。
なお、これら化合物は、好ましい化合物(1)の一例に過ぎず、好ましい化合物(1)はこれらに限定されない。
塩としては、薬学的に許容できる酸付加塩又は塩基性塩が好ましい。
酸付加塩としては、塩酸、リン酸、臭化水素酸、硫酸等の無機酸との塩;酢酸、ギ酸、プロピオン酸、フマル酸、マレイン酸、コハク酸、酒石酸、クエン酸、リンゴ酸、安息香酸、メタンスルホン酸、ベンゼンスルホン酸等の有機酸との塩が挙げられる。
塩基性塩としては、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化アンモニウム、水酸化マグネシウム等の無機塩基との塩;カフェイン、ピペリジン、トリメチルアミン、ピリジン等の有機塩基との塩が挙げられる。
治療対象として限定はされず、ヒト又はヒト以外の哺乳動物が挙げられ、ヒトが好ましい。
化合物(1)は、例えば、亜硫酸ナトリウムと、所望のR11を有するハロゲン化物と、グアニジノ基を有する脂肪族炭化水素とを、公知の反応を用いて反応させることで製造できる。より具体的には以下のとおりである。
第1工程:下記一般式(1a)で表される化合物(以下、「化合物(1a)」と略記することがある。)と、亜硫酸ナトリウムと、を反応させて、下記一般式(1b)で表される化合物(以下、「化合物(1b)」と略記することがある。)を得る工程(以下、「化合物(1)製造工程」と略記することがある。)
第2工程:化合物(1b)と、下記一般式(1c)で表される化合物(以下、「化合物(1c)」と略記することがある。)と、を反応させて、化合物(1)を得る工程(以下、「化合物(1)製造工程」と略記することがある。)
以下、各工程について、詳細に説明する。
前記化合物(1b)製造工程においては、化合物(1a)と亜硫酸ナトリウムとを反応させて化合物(1)を得る。
化合物(1a)は公知化合物である。
化合物(1a)において、n11は1~10の整数である。n11はアルキレン基の繰り返し数である。n11は、親水性が高いことから、1~8の整数が好ましく、1~6の整数がより好ましく、1~4の整数がさらに好ましく、1~2の整数が特に好ましい。
化合物(1b)は公知化合物である。
化合物(1b)において、n11は、化合物(1a)におけるn11と同じである。
化合物(1b)製造工程においては、例えば、適当な有機溶媒、又は前記有機溶媒及び水の混合溶媒等の水性溶媒を反応溶媒として用いることが好ましい。
化合物(1b)製造工程において使用可能な有機溶媒としては、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、アセトン、ジクロロメタン、クロロホルム、トルエン、トリフルオロメチルベンゼン、ジメチルスルホキシド、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、テトラヒドロフラン、テトラヒドロピラン、1,4-ジオキサン、メチル-tert-ブチルエーテル等が挙げられ、これらに限定されない。
前記溶媒は、1種を単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよく、2種以上を併用する場合、それらの組み合わせ及び比率は任意に選択できる。
前記添加剤としては、例えば、ヨウ化ナトリウム等が挙げられ、これらに限定されない。
化合物(1b)製造工程において、添加剤の使用量は、例えば、化合物(1a)の使用量の0.1~1倍モル量であることが好ましく、0.2~0.5倍モル量であることがより好ましい。
化合物(1b)製造工程において、反応時間は、例えば、48~96時間であることが好ましく、60~84時間であることがより好ましい。
化合物(1b)製造工程においては、反応終了後、化合物(1b)を取り出さずに、次工程で用いてもよいが、目的物である化合物(1)の収率が向上する点から、化合物(1b)を上述の方法で取り出すことが好ましい。
前記化合物(1)製造工程においては、化合物(1b)と化合物(1c)とを反応させて、化合物(1)を得る。
化合物(1)を得る前記反応は、公知の置換反応である。
化合物(1c)は公知のハロゲン化水素である。具体的には、例えば、HF、HCl、HBr、HI等が挙げられ、これらに限定されない。
化合物(1)製造工程においては、例えば、適当な有機溶媒、又は前記有機溶媒及び水の混合溶媒等の水性溶媒を反応溶媒として用いることが好ましい。
化合物(1)製造工程において使用可能な有機溶媒としては、上述の[化合物(1b)製造工程]において例示されたものと同じものである。
前記溶媒は、1種を単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよく、2種以上を併用する場合、それらの組み合わせ及び比率は任意に選択できる。
前記酸としては、例えば、塩酸等の無機酸;酢酸、パラトルエンスルホン酸等の有機酸等が挙げられる。
前記酸は、1種を単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよく、2種以上を併用する場合、それらの組み合わせ及び比率は任意に選択できる。
化合物(2)製造工程において、例えば、酸の使用量は、化合物(1b)の使用量の1~5倍モル量であることが好ましく、2~4倍モル量であることがより好ましい。
化合物(1)製造工程において、反応時間は、例えば、48~96時間であることが好ましく、60~84時間であることがより好ましい。
本発明の第2実施形態に係るアクアポリン4(Aquaporin 4;AQP4)機能促進剤は、下記一般式(2)で表される化合物(本明細書において、「化合物(2)」と称することがある。)、又はその薬学的に許容できる塩を有効成分として含有する。
化合物(2)は、2-スルホンアミド-3-ベンジルオキシピリジン骨格を有する化合物であり、AQP4に直接結合する。
一般式(2)中、R21は、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、脂環式複素環基、芳香族炭化水素基、又は芳香族複素環基である。
直鎖状又は分岐鎖状の前記アルキル基は、炭素数が1~10であることが好ましく、1~8であることがより好ましく、1~6であることがさらに好ましく、1~4であることが特に好ましい。
なお、これら化合物は、好ましい化合物(2)の一例に過ぎず、好ましい化合物(2)はこれらに限定されない。
なお、これら化合物は、好ましい化合物(2)の一例に過ぎず、好ましい化合物(2)はこれらに限定されない。
なお、これら化合物は、好ましい化合物(2)の一例に過ぎず、好ましい化合物(2)はこれらに限定されない。
なお、これら化合物は、好ましい化合物(2)の一例に過ぎず、好ましい化合物(2)はこれらに限定されない。
治療対象として限定はされず、ヒト又はヒト以外の哺乳動物が挙げられ、ヒトが好ましい。
化合物(2)は、例えば、所望のR21を有する塩化スルホニルと、2-アミノ-3-ベンジルオキシピリジンとを、公知の反応を用いて縮合させることで製造できる。より具体的には以下のとおりである。
以下、各工程について、詳細に説明する。
前記化合物(2)製造工程においては、化合物(2a)と化合物(2b)とを反応させて、化合物(2)を得る。
化合物(2)を得る前記反応は、公知の縮合反応である。
化合物(2a)は公知化合物である。
化合物(2a)において、R21が炭素数1~10の直鎖状又は分岐鎖状のアルキル基である場合、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、i-プロピル基、n-ブチル基、i-ブチル基、sec-ブチル基、n-ペンチル基、i-ペンチル基又はn-ヘキシル基であることが好ましい。
化合物(2b)は公知化合物(2-アミノ-3-ベンジルオキシピリジン)である。化合物(2b)は、公知の方法を用いて合成してもよく、市販のものを用いてもよい。
化合物(2)製造工程においては、例えば、適当な有機溶媒、又は前記有機溶媒及び水の混合溶媒等の水性溶媒を反応溶媒として用いることが好ましい。
化合物(2)製造工程において使用可能な有機溶媒としては、例えば、ジクロロメタン、クロロホルム、トルエン、トリフルオロメチルベンゼン、テトラヒドロフラン、テトラヒドロピラン、1,4-ジオキサン、メチル-tert-ブチルエーテル等が挙げられ、これらに限定されない。
前記溶媒は、1種を単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよく、2種以上を併用する場合、それらの組み合わせ及び比率は任意に選択できる。
前記塩基としては、例えば、ピリジン、2,6-ルチジン、2,6-ビス(tert-ブチル)ピリジン、トリエチルアミン、ジメチルイソプロピルアミン、N-メチルモルホリン等の有機塩基;水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水素化ナトリウム、水素化カリウム、ナトリウムアミド等の無機塩基;リチウムジイソプロピルアミド、ブチルリチウム等の有機金属塩等が挙げられ、これらに限定されない。
前記塩基は、1種を単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよく、2種以上を併用する場合、それらの組み合わせ及び比率は任意に選択できる。
化合物(2)製造工程において、塩基の使用量は、例えば、化合物(2b)の使用量の1~5倍モル量であることが好ましく、2~4倍モル量であることがより好ましい。
化合物(2)製造工程において、反応時間は、例えば、48~96時間であることが好ましく、60~84時間であることがより好ましい。
前記不活性ガスとしては、例えば、アルゴンガス、ヘリウムガス、窒素ガス等が挙げられる。
本発明の一実施形態に係る神経疾患用の医薬組成物は、上述のアクアポリン4機能促進剤、並びに薬学的に許容できる担体及び希釈剤のうち少なくともいずれかを含む。
本実施形態の医薬組成物は、被検動物(ヒト又は非ヒト動物を含む各種哺乳動物、好ましくはヒト)の年齢、性別、体重、症状、治療方法、投与方法、処理時間等を勘案して適宜調節される。
非経口的に投与する場合は、その1回の投与量は症状、投与方法によっても異なるが、例えば注射剤の形では通常成人(体重60kgとして)においては、通常、1日当り約0.5gから10g、好ましくは約2から5g、より好ましくは約3から4g程度を静脈注射により投与するのが好都合であると考えられる。
非経口的に投与する場合は、その1回の投与量は症状、投与方法によっても異なるが、例えば注射剤の形では通常成人(体重60kgとして)においては、通常、1日当り約0.05から2g、好ましくは約0.3から1.5g、より好ましくは約0.5から0.8g程度を静脈注射により投与するのが好都合であると考えられる。
投与形態としては、例えば、動脈内注射、静脈内注射、皮下注射、鼻腔内的、腹腔内的、経気管支的、筋内的、経皮的、または経口的に当業者に公知の方法が挙げられ、静脈内注射又は腹腔内的投与が好ましい。
注射剤は、非水性の希釈剤(例えば、ポリエチレングリコール、オリーブ油等の植物油、エタノール等のアルコール類など)、懸濁剤、又は乳濁剤として調製することもできる。このような注射剤の無菌化は、フィルターによる濾過滅菌、殺菌剤等の配合により行うことができる。注射剤は、用事調製の形態として製造することができる。即ち、凍結乾燥法などによって、無菌の固体組成物とし、使用前に注射用蒸留水又は他の溶媒に溶解して使用することができる。
本実施形態の医薬組成物は、治療的に有効量の上述のキャリア及び生理活性物質、並びに薬学的に許容されうる担体又は希釈剤を含む。薬学的に許容されうる担体又は希釈剤は、賦形剤、稀釈剤、増量剤、崩壊剤、安定剤、保存剤、緩衝剤、乳化剤、芳香剤、着色剤、甘味料、粘稠剤、矯味剤、溶解補助剤、添加剤等が挙げられる。これら担体の1種以上を用いることにより、注射剤、液剤、カプセル剤、懸濁剤、乳剤、又はシロップ剤等の形態の医薬組成物を調製することができる。
または、水もしくはそれ以外の薬学的に許容し得る液との無菌性溶液、又は懸濁液剤の注射剤の形で非経口的に使用されるものが挙げられる。更には、薬理学上許容される担体又は希釈剤、具体的には、滅菌水や生理食塩水、植物油、乳化剤、懸濁剤、界面活性剤、安定剤、香味剤、賦形剤、ベヒクル、防腐剤、結合剤等と適宜組み合わせて、一般に認められた製薬実施に要求される単位用量形態で混和することによって製剤化されたものが挙げられる。
本発明の一側面は、神経疾患の治療のための上述のAQP4機能促進剤を含む医薬組成物を提供する。
また、本発明の一側面は、治療的に有効量の上述のAQP4機能促進剤、並びに薬学的に許容されうる担体又は希釈剤を含む医薬組成物を提供する。
また、本発明の一側面は、前記医薬組成物を含む、神経疾患の治療剤を提供する。
また、本発明の一側面は、神経疾患の治療剤を製造するための上述のAQP4機能促進剤の使用を提供する。
また、本発明の一側面は、上述のAQP4機能促進剤の有効量を、治療を必要とする患者に投与することを含む、神経疾患の治療方法を提供する。
以下に示す経路で、コンピューター・シミュレーションにより選定された化合物の一つである化合物2A(2-(phenylsulfonamido)-3-benzyloxypyridine)を製造した。
HPLC: rt = 1.72 min (DAD), purity >95% (DAD, ELSD).
HR-MS: anal calc'd for C18H17N2O3S+(M+H+), 341.0955; found, 341.0932 (9.4 ppm).
1H NMR: δ5.14 ppm, s, 2H; 6.90 ppm, br-t, 1H; 7.29-7.41 ppm, m, 4H; 7.47-7.64 ppm, m, 6H; 7.96 ppm, br-d, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H.
(1)in vitroアッセイ
in vitroアッセイにおいて使用する試薬は、特記しない限り、Sigma-Aldrich社又は和光純薬社から購入し、そのまま使用した。
改変バース培地(Modified Barth’s Medium;MBS)は、NaCl(88mM)、KCl(1mM)、HEPES(10mM)、MgSO4(0.82mM)、NaHCO3(2.4mM)、CaCl2(0.91mM)、Ca(NO3)2(0.33mM)、ゲンタマイシン(100mg/L)をそれぞれ含有し、pH7.5となるように調製し、調製後最大1週間以内に使用した。
分離用緩衝液は、NaCl(108mM)、KCl(2mM)、EDTA(2mM)、HEPES(10mM)をそれぞれ含有し、pH7.5となるように調製した。
アフリカツメガエル卵母細胞の単離、調製、トランスフェクションについては、参考文献(Sakimura, et al. , FEBSLett. , 272, 73-80, 1990.) に記載の方法を用いて、行った。具体的には、アフリカツメガエルの成体メス(重量150g)から卵母細胞を取り出して、MBSに移した。続いて、卵母細胞を単離緩衝液へ部分的に移し、卵胞膜を手作業で除去して卵母細胞を露出させた。続いて、膜を除去した卵母細胞を新鮮なMBSに移し、マイクロインジェクションに先立って、2時間平衡化させた。
続いて、ヒトAQP4(hAQP4)-M23アイソフォームをコードするcDNA(配列番号1)は、逆転写ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(RT-PCR)によりクローニングし、第1鎖のcDNAはヒト小脳全RNAから、Advantage RT-for-PCR kit(Clontech社製)を用いて、合成した。PCRプライマーは、公知のhAQP4-4M23の塩基配列に基づいて設計した。フォワードプライマー及びリバースプライマーの塩基配列はそれぞれ配列番号2及び3である。また、アフリカツメガエル卵母細胞に導入するために、hAQP4-M23のmRNAをpSP35T発現ベクターにサブクローニングした。
Drummondマイクロインジェクションシステムを用いて、(1-2)で調製したhAQP4-M23 mRNA発現ベクターのマイクロインジェクションを行った。それぞれ30nLのhAQP4-M23 mRNA発現ベクター(1つの卵母細胞について3ngのmRNA発現ベクターを注入)、又はネガティブコントロールとして水を、卵母細胞に注入した。MBS中において20℃で30分間、注入した卵母細胞を培養した。
続いて、注入の48時間後、卵母細胞のうち4又は5個を450μL MBSとともに48ウェルプレート(Costar 3526)へ移した。続いて、アッセイの30分前に、1%のDMSO水溶液(Sigma社製、Hibri-Max)中の200μMの候補化合物(製造例1で調製した化合物2A)の溶液(50μL)、又はブランク(1%のDMSO)を分取して卵母細胞に投与した。培養培地の最終濃度は、候補化合物(製造例1で調製した化合物2A)が20μM、DMSOが0.1%であった。
続いて、画像をパーソナルコンピュータへ移し、各卵母細胞の領域をNIH Image-Jを用いて評価した。等しく定められた複数の測定時間における各卵母細胞の断面積値は、球状と仮定した体積に変換した。初期の卵母細胞画像と比較した相対体積は、各時間点において、少なくとも5個体(n=5)の卵母細胞で平均をとり、標準偏差を求めた。化合物2Aを投与した結果を図1に示す。図1において、「Sham」は水をインジェクションした卵母細胞を示し、「Blank」はAQP4のmRNAをインジェクションし、化合物を投与していない卵母細胞を示し、「Compound2A」はAQP4のmRNAをインジェクションし、化合物2Aを投与した卵母細胞を示している。
(1)候補化合物のマウスへの投与
ジャクソン研究所から入手したオス正常B6SJL-Tgマウスを生後8週目まで飼育した。続いて、マウス5匹ずつに、比較例としてインドメタシン、製造例1で調製した化合物2A、又はコントロールとして生理食塩水を腹腔内に投与した。
(1)候補化合物の準備
製造例1で調製した化合物2A、及び以下の反応式で得られる2-グアニジノ-1-エタンスルホン酸(Guanidinoethyl Sulfonate;GES)(以下、「化合物1A」と称する場合がある。)を委託製造して、用いた。
5×FAD アルツハイマー病モデルマウスを生後4か月齢まで飼育した。続いて、マウスに、化合物1A(50mg/kg)、又は製造例1で調製した化合物2A(200mg/kg)を3か月間経口投与した。また、コントロールとして無投薬群も準備した。
化合物1Aを投与したマウス群、及び無投薬群について、試験例1と同様の方法を用いて、MRIによるマウス脳内(皮質(Cortex)及び脳室(CSF))でのH2 17Oの動態を8秒間隔の画像を、投与後70分後まで記録した。結果を図3に示す。図3において、「Vehecle」は無投薬群を示し、「Compound1A」は化合物1A投与群を示す。また、Cortexに対するCSFの相対値(CSF/Cortex)を示している。
次いで、各マウスから脳を摘出し、脳組織よりパラフィン包埋切片(4μm厚)を作製し、以下の方法により免疫組織染色を行った。
まず、切片をギ酸処理後、一次抗体として[1]Mouse monoclonal Anti-Human Amyloid β(Total Aβ)(10027、 IBL、Japan)、[2]Rabbit polyclonal Anti-Human Amyloid β1-40(Aβ40)(18580、IBL、Japan)、又は[3]Rabbit polyclonal Anti-Human Amyloid β1-42(Aβ42)(18582、IBL、Japan)を用いて、4℃でOvernight incubationを行った。なお、各抗体の希釈倍率は[1]×50、[2]×200、[3]×200である。二次抗体適用後に、ヒストファインDAB基質キット(ニチレイバイオサイエンス、JAPAN)を用いたポリマー法により可視化した。無投薬群及び化合物1A投与群の脳切片を用いてトータルAβを染色した画像を図5A、無投薬群及び化合物1A投与群の脳切片を用いてAβ40を染色した画像を図6A、無投薬群、化合物1A投与群、及び化合物2A投与群の脳切片を用いてAβ42を染色した画像を図4A、並びに、無投薬群及び化合物1A投与群の脳切片を用いてAβ42を染色した画像を図7Aに示す。
図4A~図7Aにおいて、「Control」は無投薬群、「Compound1A」は化合物1A投与群、「Compound2A」は化合物2A投与群を示す。
次いで、染色後の標本は明視野光学顕微鏡(Olympus BX53、DP73)により組織像を撮影し、TIFFフォーマット(2,400×1,800pixels、3.5×2.6mm、2.13μm2/pixel)により画像を保存した。各画像を画像解析処理ソフト(Aquacosmos、浜松ホトニクス、Japan)の粒子解析機能を用いて以下の解析を行った。大脳皮質にROIを設定し、2値化方式による粒子の抽出と抽出した各粒子の面積(pixel数)を自動計算して出力した。出力された粒子データのうち、10pixels以下の粒子はノイズとして除去し定量化した。無投薬群及び化合物1A投与群の脳切片を用いてトータルAβを染色した画像での老人班の定量結果を図5B、無投薬群及び化合物1A投与群の脳切片を用いてAβ40を染色した画像での老人班の定量結果を図6B、無投薬群、化合物1A投与群、及び化合物2A投与群の脳切片を用いてAβ42を染色した画像での老人班の定量結果を図4B、並びに、無投薬群及び化合物1A投与群の脳切片を用いてAβ42を染色した画像での老人班の定量結果を図7Bに示す。
図4B~図7Bにおいて、「Control」は無投薬群、「Compound1A」は化合物1A投与群、「Compound2A」は化合物2A投与群を示す。
アミロイドβ(Aβ)はアルツハイマー病の直接的な障害の原因と考えられており、その障害の中心をなすのが疎水性で凝集しやすいAβ42である。動物実験では親水性のAβ40を低下させた報告は多いが、これまでAβ42を有意に低下させる薬剤の報告は少ない。なお、トータルの老人班数はAβ40及びAβ42の両者を含んだものである。
Claims (9)
- 前記化合物が2-グアニジノ-1-エタンスルホン酸である請求項1又は2に記載のアクアポリン4機能促進剤。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のアクアポリン4機能促進剤、並びに薬学的に許容できる担体及び希釈剤のうち少なくともいずれかを含むことを特徴とする神経疾患用の医薬組成物。
- 前記神経疾患がアルツハイマー病、脳梗塞及び脳腫瘍からなる群から選ばれるいずれか一つである、請求項4に記載の神経疾患用の医薬組成物。
- 前記R21がメチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、i-プロピル基、n-ブチル基、i-ブチル基、sec-ブチル基、n-ペンチル基、i-ペンチル基、n-ヘキシル基、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、2-ピロリジニル基、3-ピロリジニル基、2-テトラヒドロフラニル基、3-テトラヒドロフラニル基、2-ピロリル基、3-ピロリル基、2-フラニル基、又は3-フラニル基である、請求項6に記載のアクアポリン4機能促進剤。
- 前記化合物が2-フェニルスルホアミド-3-ベンジルオキシピリミジンである請求項6又は7に記載のアクアポリン4機能促進剤。
- 請求項6~8のいずれか一項に記載のアクアポリン4機能促進剤、並びに薬学的に許容できる担体及び希釈剤のうち少なくともいずれかを含むことを特徴とする神経疾患用の医薬組成物。
- 前記神経疾患がアルツハイマー病、脳梗塞及び脳腫瘍からなる群から選ばれるいずれか一つである、請求項9に記載の神経疾患用の医薬組成物。
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| PCT/JP2017/008485 Ceased WO2017150704A1 (ja) | 2016-03-04 | 2017-03-03 | アクアポリン4機能促進剤及び神経疾患用の医薬組成物 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10632084B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP3424502B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6894131B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2017150704A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2021111946A1 (ja) * | 2019-12-03 | 2021-06-10 | 国立大学法人新潟大学 | 水頭症の予防又は治療薬及び水頭症の予防又は治療用医薬組成物 |
| JP2023174829A (ja) * | 2019-04-04 | 2023-12-08 | 花王株式会社 | 脳デトックス促進剤 |
| WO2024071362A1 (ja) * | 2022-09-30 | 2024-04-04 | 国立大学法人東京医科歯科大学 | 神経系送達促進剤 |
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| WO1997010214A1 (en) * | 1995-09-14 | 1997-03-20 | Shionogi & Co., Ltd. | Novel phenylacetic acid derivatives and medicinal composition containing the same |
| WO2005023771A1 (ja) * | 2003-09-05 | 2005-03-17 | Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | ケモカインレセプターアンタゴニストおよびその医薬用途 |
| JP2007516938A (ja) * | 2003-06-23 | 2007-06-28 | ニューロケム (インターナショナル) リミテッド | アミロイド関連疾患を治療するための方法および組成物 |
| US20120027723A1 (en) * | 2009-02-04 | 2012-02-02 | Serge Picaud | Taurine or taurine-like substances for the prevention and treatment of a disease associated with retinal ganglion cell degeneration |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015096493A (ja) | 2013-10-08 | 2015-05-21 | 日本新薬株式会社 | アクアポリン機能亢進剤 |
-
2017
- 2017-03-03 JP JP2018503417A patent/JP6894131B2/ja active Active
- 2017-03-03 EP EP17760166.3A patent/EP3424502B1/en active Active
- 2017-03-03 US US16/081,267 patent/US10632084B2/en active Active
- 2017-03-03 WO PCT/JP2017/008485 patent/WO2017150704A1/ja not_active Ceased
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO1997010214A1 (en) * | 1995-09-14 | 1997-03-20 | Shionogi & Co., Ltd. | Novel phenylacetic acid derivatives and medicinal composition containing the same |
| JP2007516938A (ja) * | 2003-06-23 | 2007-06-28 | ニューロケム (インターナショナル) リミテッド | アミロイド関連疾患を治療するための方法および組成物 |
| WO2005023771A1 (ja) * | 2003-09-05 | 2005-03-17 | Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | ケモカインレセプターアンタゴニストおよびその医薬用途 |
| US20120027723A1 (en) * | 2009-02-04 | 2012-02-02 | Serge Picaud | Taurine or taurine-like substances for the prevention and treatment of a disease associated with retinal ganglion cell degeneration |
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| CHEN W.Q. ET AL.: "Role of taurine in regulation of intracellular calcium level and neuroprotective function in cultured neurons", JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH, vol. 66, no. 4, 2001, pages 612 - 619, XP055415803 * |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2023174829A (ja) * | 2019-04-04 | 2023-12-08 | 花王株式会社 | 脳デトックス促進剤 |
| JP7595137B2 (ja) | 2019-04-04 | 2024-12-05 | 花王株式会社 | 脳デトックス促進剤 |
| WO2021111946A1 (ja) * | 2019-12-03 | 2021-06-10 | 国立大学法人新潟大学 | 水頭症の予防又は治療薬及び水頭症の予防又は治療用医薬組成物 |
| JP7593648B2 (ja) | 2019-12-03 | 2024-12-03 | 国立大学法人 新潟大学 | 水頭症の予防又は治療薬及び水頭症の予防又は治療用医薬組成物 |
| WO2024071362A1 (ja) * | 2022-09-30 | 2024-04-04 | 国立大学法人東京医科歯科大学 | 神経系送達促進剤 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3424502A4 (en) | 2020-01-08 |
| EP3424502A1 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
| JPWO2017150704A1 (ja) | 2018-12-27 |
| JP6894131B2 (ja) | 2021-06-23 |
| EP3424502B1 (en) | 2022-10-19 |
| US10632084B2 (en) | 2020-04-28 |
| US20190091182A1 (en) | 2019-03-28 |
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