WO2017141869A1 - 作業車両システム及び磁気マーカの作業方法 - Google Patents
作業車両システム及び磁気マーカの作業方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017141869A1 WO2017141869A1 PCT/JP2017/005136 JP2017005136W WO2017141869A1 WO 2017141869 A1 WO2017141869 A1 WO 2017141869A1 JP 2017005136 W JP2017005136 W JP 2017005136W WO 2017141869 A1 WO2017141869 A1 WO 2017141869A1
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- Prior art keywords
- work
- work vehicle
- magnetic marker
- magnetic
- vehicle
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
- E01F9/30—Arrangements interacting with transmitters or receivers otherwise than by visible means, e.g. using radar reflectors or radio transmitters
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
- E01C23/16—Devices for marking-out, applying, or forming traffic or like markings on finished paving; Protecting fresh markings
- E01C23/163—Devices for marking-out, applying, or forming traffic or like markings on finished paving; Protecting fresh markings for marking-out the location of the markings; Guiding or steering devices for marking apparatus, e.g. sights
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
- E01C23/16—Devices for marking-out, applying, or forming traffic or like markings on finished paving; Protecting fresh markings
- E01C23/18—Devices for marking-out, applying, or forming traffic or like markings on finished paving; Protecting fresh markings for applying prefabricated markings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
- E01C23/16—Devices for marking-out, applying, or forming traffic or like markings on finished paving; Protecting fresh markings
- E01C23/18—Devices for marking-out, applying, or forming traffic or like markings on finished paving; Protecting fresh markings for applying prefabricated markings
- E01C23/185—Tape- or sheet-shape markers or carriers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
- G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
- G05D1/0259—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using magnetic or electromagnetic means
- G05D1/0261—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using magnetic or electromagnetic means using magnetic plots
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a work vehicle system that can contribute to work efficiency when a magnetic marker is laid on a road and a work method using the work vehicle system.
- a magnetic marker detection system for a vehicle that detects a magnetic marker laid on a road by a magnetic sensor attached to the vehicle is known (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- a magnetic marker detection system there is a possibility that automatic driving can be realized in addition to various driving assistances such as automatic steering control using a magnetic marker laid along the lane and a lane departure warning.
- the conventional magnetic marker has the following problems. For example, in order to realize driving assistance for lane departure warnings, it is necessary to lay a large number of magnetic markers at relatively short intervals. Therefore, when laying each magnetic marker or performing maintenance work on a magnetic marker that has been laid. If the work efficiency at the time of implementation is not sufficient, there is a risk that an increase in laying cost cannot be avoided.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and provides a work vehicle system and a work method capable of efficiently performing work related to a magnetic marker.
- One embodiment of the present invention is provided on a road surface so that it can be detected by a magnetic sensor attached to the bottom side of the vehicle, and assists driving operation of the vehicle by the driver, or for automatic driving independent of the driver's operation.
- a work vehicle system configured by one or a plurality of work vehicles for performing work related to a magnetic marker for realizing vehicle-side control,
- a target acquisition device for acquiring a control target for traveling along a virtual line in which the magnetic markers are laid in a row or a virtual line in which the magnetic markers are laid in a row; and Means for realizing control of the steering angle of the steered wheels based on the control target;
- a work vehicle system comprising: a work device that performs work related to the magnetic marker.
- One aspect of the present invention is a method of performing work on the magnetic marker on a plurality of work vehicles
- a target acquisition device for acquiring a control target for traveling along a virtual line in which the magnetic markers are laid in a row or a virtual line in which the magnetic markers are laid in a row, and the control Means for realizing control of the steering angle of a steered wheel based on a target, for a leading work vehicle comprising:
- a plurality of work vehicles are configured by combining a follow-up traveling device for traveling following a preceding work vehicle and a subsequent work device that performs work related to the magnetic marker to form a plurality of work vehicles.
- the work related to the magnetic marker is carried out by the platooning of the work vehicle,
- the following work vehicle is selected from a plurality of types of work vehicles having different types of work devices according to the work content to be performed.
- one or more work vehicles travel along the laying line. If the work related to the magnetic marker is performed while traveling along the laying line, the work related to the magnetic marker can be efficiently performed.
- the work method of the present invention is a method of laying or maintaining the magnetic marker by combining a plurality of work vehicles.
- work such as laying and maintenance of the magnetic marker is performed by platooning followed by a work vehicle equipped with the work device that carries out work related to the magnetic marker, starting with a work vehicle that runs along the laying line. To implement.
- work related to the magnetic marker can be efficiently carried out by combining the work vehicle selected according to the work content to be performed with the head work vehicle and running in a platoon. Furthermore, if the work vehicle to be combined with the top work vehicle is replaced, various operations relating to the magnetic marker can be performed with high versatility.
- Explanatory drawing which illustrates a mode that a magnetic marker is detected with the magnetic sensor of a vehicle.
- Explanatory drawing which illustrates the lane where the magnetic marker was laid. The top view and side view of a magnetic marker.
- Sectional drawing which shows the cross-section of a magnetic marker.
- the graph which shows the magnetic field distribution of the perpendicular direction of a magnetic marker.
- Explanatory drawing which shows the process of producing a magnetic marker.
- Explanatory drawing which shows a work vehicle system.
- the flowchart figure which shows the procedure of construction of a magnetic marker.
- the timing at which the above-described work related to the magnetic marker is performed may be a timing at which it is detected that the work vehicle has reached the position where the work is performed.
- the work vehicle can perform the work automatically or semi-automatically, and the burden on workers and the like can be further reduced.
- it may be configured such that a worker or the like confirms that the work vehicle has reached a work position and starts work in response to an operation to the effect. In this case, the reliability of the work can be improved by having the worker check the position.
- an automatic steering device that realizes automatic steering by controlling the steering angle of the steered wheel based on the control target.
- labor saving can be achieved by automatic steering.
- the apparatus which shows the said control target to a driver
- a speed control device that controls the running speed including starting and stopping may be provided.
- speed control is possible, further labor saving can be realized, and work efficiency can be improved.
- a laying position detection device for detecting whether or not the work vehicle has reached a position where the magnetic marker is laid or a position where the magnetic marker is laid;
- the arrival position is detected by the laying position detection device, it is preferable to perform an operation related to the magnetic marker.
- the work related to the magnetic marker can be automatically performed. The need for manual operation every time the installation position is reached can be reduced, and the work efficiency can be improved.
- the target acquisition device has a positioning unit that receives radio waves transmitted from a plurality of satellites and measures the absolute position of the work vehicle, and a storage unit that stores the absolute position of the laying line,
- the control target may be generated and acquired by comparing the absolute position of the work vehicle and the absolute position of the laying line. In this case, the relative position of the laying line with respect to the work vehicle can be calculated and the control target can be generated based on the relative position.
- the target acquisition device measures a relative position of the laying line extending along the lane by recognizing a lane that is a segment on the road on which the vehicle travels, and determines the control target based on the relative position. It may be generated and acquired.
- a method for recognizing a lane for example, a method of recognizing a lane by detecting a lane mark such as a white line that divides a lane with a radar device that uses light or radio waves, or an image obtained by imaging a road ahead There is a method of recognizing a lane by detecting a lane mark such as a white line.
- a work vehicle system in which a plurality of vehicles travel in series and perform work related to a magnetic marker, and a leading work vehicle includes the target acquisition device
- the succeeding work vehicle may include a follow-up traveling device for traveling following the preceding work vehicle, and a work device that performs different work for each work vehicle.
- the work related to the magnetic marker can be efficiently performed by running in a row of a plurality of work vehicles. If the work vehicle is replaced, it becomes possible to cope with different work, and versatility is enhanced.
- Example 1 This example is an example relating to the magnetic marker 1 laid on a road for the purpose of assisting driving operation of the vehicle, automatic driving, providing information, and the like. The contents will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the magnetic marker 1 laid on the road surface 53 can be detected by, for example, the magnetic sensor 2 attached to the bottom surface 50 of the vehicle 5.
- the detection signal of the magnetic marker 1 by the magnetic sensor 2 is input to, for example, an ECU (not shown) on the vehicle 5 side, for example, automatic steering control for maintaining the lane, driving support control such as a lane departure warning, automatic driving control, etc. It can be used for various vehicle-side controls.
- the magnetic marker 1 is a flat circular sheet-like marker having a diameter of 100 mm and a thickness of 2.5 mm, as shown in FIGS.
- protective layers 12 including a glass cloth 12G (FIG. 6) that is a fiberglass fiber sheet are laminated on both front and back surfaces of a magnetic layer 11 that generates magnetism.
- a layer mainly composed of asphalt, which is a paving material is laminated, whereby the magnetic marker 1 has a five-layer structure.
- the magnetic layer 11 is formed by dispersing magnetic powder, which is iron oxide powder, in asphalt as a base material.
- the protective layer 12 is a layer of a composite material (fiber reinforced composite material) obtained by impregnating glass cloth 12G with asphalt as a base material (matrix).
- the bonding layer 16 made of asphalt.
- the asphalt forming the bonding layer 16 functions as an adhesive when bonded to the road surface 53.
- the layer opposite to the bonding layer 16 is an anti-slip layer 15 in which an aggregate such as sand is mixed with asphalt.
- the magnetic marker 1 is bonded to the road surface 53 using asphalt forming the bonding layer 16 as an adhesive (FIG. 4).
- the thickness of the magnetic marker 1 of 2.5 mm is approximately the same as the thickness of road markings such as white lines printed on the road surface 53 and speed limit indications.
- the anti-slip layer 15 on the front side is formed of asphalt, like the surrounding road surface 53, and includes aggregates intended to prevent slipping. Therefore, even when the vehicle tire steps on the magnetic marker 1, the driver is less likely to feel discomfort, and the possibility of slipping or the like is reduced.
- the vertical magnetic field distribution of the magnetic marker 1 having a surface magnetic flux density Gs of 1 mT and a diameter of 100 mm is obtained as shown in FIG.
- the logarithmic scale of magnetic flux density acting in the vertical direction is set on the vertical axis
- the vertical height (height from the marker surface) with respect to the surface of the magnetic marker 1 is set on the horizontal axis. Is a semi-logarithmic graph.
- the magnetic flux density applied by the magnetic marker 1 is 8 microtesla (0.08 ⁇ 0.08 ⁇ 10) at a position of 250 mm corresponding to the upper limit of 100 to 250 mm, which is an assumed range of the mounting height of the magnetic sensor 2 on the vehicle 5 side. 10 -4 Tesla). Note that the accuracy of the computer simulation used has been confirmed in advance by the inventors through demonstration experiments.
- a magneto-impedance (MI) sensor is a magnetic sensor using a magneto-impedance element including a magnetic sensitive body whose impedance changes according to an external magnetic field.
- the magneto-impedance element (MI element) is caused by the skin effect in which the current density of the skin layer increases when a pulse current or high-frequency current flows through the magnetic body, and the depth (thickness) of the skin layer varies due to the external magnetic field.
- MI effect magneto-impedance effect
- highly sensitive magnetic measurement is possible.
- MI element it is possible to realize a low-cost and small-sized magnetic sensor that can detect weak magnetism of, for example, about 0.5 to 10 ⁇ T.
- a number of applications have been filed for MI sensors using MI elements. For example, WO 2005/19851 publication, WO 2009/119081 publication, and Japanese Patent No. 4655247 publication have detailed descriptions.
- the punching intermediate sheet 104B in which the layers forming the protective layer 12 and the like are laminated on both front and back surfaces is obtained as an intermediate processed product.
- the magnetic marker 1 before magnetization is produced by the punching process which made this intermediate sheet 104B object.
- the magnetic sheet 104A is a sheet obtained by thinly stretching a slurry obtained by kneading magnetic powder (in this example, iron oxide powder) into molten asphalt serving as a base material and drying it.
- the magnetic sheet 104 ⁇ / b> A forms a first layer that becomes the magnetic layer 11 (see FIG. 4) of the magnetic marker 1.
- a molten material mainly composed of asphalt is applied to the magnetic sheet 104A (FIG. 6) on which a glass cloth (glass fiber woven fabric) 12G is disposed so as to cover the surface, and the glass cloth 12G is impregnated with asphalt.
- a composite material in which asphalt as a base material (matrix) is reinforced by the glass cloth 12G is formed, and the second layer to be the protective layer 12 (FIG. 4) made of the composite material can be formed.
- a layer mainly composed of asphalt can be formed outside the second layer made of the composite material.
- This layer is the layer that becomes the anti-slip layer 15 or the bonding layer 16 described above.
- the component of the molten material applied to the side forming the bonding layer 16 is almost all asphalt, while the molten material applied to the side forming the anti-slip layer 15 is a material in which aggregate such as sand is mixed with asphalt. is there.
- the intermediate sheet 104B having the same five-layer structure as that of the magnetic marker 1 can be prepared by the above procedure.
- This intermediate sheet 104B is a large sheet that can punch a plurality of magnetic markers 1 as indicated by a solid circle 1R and a punched position indicated by a dashed circle 1D.
- the roll body 10 is obtained by winding a long belt-like polyethylene carrier sheet 400 in which the magnetic markers 1 are arranged at regular intervals into a roll shape.
- the magnetic marker 1 is held with the anti-slip layer 15 positioned on the carrier sheet 400 side and the bonding layer 16 positioned on the opposite side.
- the work vehicle system 4S shown in FIG. 7 includes four work vehicles 4A to 4D.
- Each of the work vehicles 4A to 4D includes an automatic steering device 485, a vehicle speed control device (speed control device) 486 for all speed ranges, a GPS positioning unit (positioning unit), and the like, but differs depending on the work contents and roles in charge.
- a working device is provided.
- the leading work vehicle 4A includes a target acquisition device 481, an automatic steering device 485, and a vehicle speed control device 486 that acquire a control target for traveling following the laying line 530L.
- an automatic travel device 48A is configured by a combination of the target acquisition device 481, the automatic steering device 485, and the vehicle speed control device 486.
- the laying line 530L is a virtual line for laying the magnetic markers 1 in a line along the lane 530 (see FIG. 2).
- the target acquisition device 481 includes a GPS positioning unit (positioning unit) and storage means (storage unit) that stores the absolute position of the laying line 530L (FIG. 2).
- the target acquisition device 481 calculates a positional deviation (relative position) between the absolute position of the work vehicle 4A measured by the GPS positioning unit and the absolute position of the laying line 530L, and generates a control target based on this deviation. Get.
- the positioning of the absolute position may be a positioning by DGPS (Differencial Global Positioning System). According to DGPS, positioning accuracy can be improved.
- the absolute position of the laying line 530L may be discrete data composed of the absolute positions of the laying positions where the magnetic marker 1 is planned to be laid, and includes an absolute position at an intermediate position between adjacent laying positions. It may be data. Further, it may be continuous data in which the laying line 530L is expressed by a function or the like.
- the automatic traveling device 48A is a device that controls the steering angle of the steered wheels, the engine throttle, and the like so that it can travel at a constant speed along the laying line 530L on which the magnetic marker 1 is laid.
- the automatic traveling device 48A calculates a steering angle target value of a steered wheel, which is one of the above control targets, and drives a steering actuator (not shown) constituting the automatic steering device 485.
- the automatic traveling device 48A controls an engine throttle (not shown) or the like that constitutes the vehicle speed control device 486 so that the vehicle can travel at a preset speed.
- the second work vehicle 4B is a work vehicle that cleans the road surface 53 on which the magnetic marker 1 is arranged.
- This work vehicle 4B includes a cleaning device 410 that cleans the road surface 53 on which the magnetic marker 1 is laid, and a heating device that heats the road surface 53, in addition to a follow-up traveling device 48B that travels following the leading work vehicle 4A. 411.
- the cleaning device 410 is a device including an injection nozzle that injects a high-pressure water flow toward the road surface 53.
- the heating device 411 is a device that includes a burner that radiates a flame, and that has a flame radiating port so as to face the road surface 53. The heating device 411 heats the road surface 53 before being arranged in advance so that the magnetic marker 1 arranged by the subsequent work vehicle 4 ⁇ / b> C can be in close contact with the road surface 63.
- the follow-up traveling device 48B is a device configured by a combination of a radar measuring device 483, an automatic steering device 485, and a vehicle speed control device 486.
- the radar measurement device 483 is a device that measures a delay time until receiving a radio wave that is reflected and returned after transmitting a radio wave in the millimeter wave band, and measures a distance / orientation to an object.
- the radar measurement device 483 can scan the front two-dimensional region by changing the direction of radio wave transmission.
- the radar measuring device 483 detects the preceding vehicle (preceding work vehicle) from the two-dimensional distribution of the radio wave intensity reflected and returned, and specifies the position of the preceding vehicle in the coordinate space with the own vehicle as the origin.
- the following traveling device 48B calculates the steering angle of the steering wheel for following the preceding vehicle, and drives the steering actuator of the automatic steering device 485.
- the follow-up traveling device 48B controls an engine throttle (not shown) or the like constituting the vehicle speed control device 486 so that the vehicle can travel at a preset speed.
- each of the work vehicles 4B to 4D subsequent to the head work vehicle 4A is also provided with a GPS positioning unit, and stores the laying position (absolute position) of the magnetic marker 1 in advance.
- Each subsequent work vehicle 4B to 4D performs work in charge when it reaches the laying position of the magnetic marker 1.
- there is a laying position detection device for detecting whether or not the work vehicle has reached the position where the magnetic marker 1 is scheduled to be laid or the position where the magnetic marker is laid.
- a GPS positioning unit and a combination of storage means for storing the laying position.
- the third work vehicle 4 ⁇ / b> C is a work vehicle in which the magnetic marker 1 is arranged on the road surface 53.
- the supply device 42 for supplying the magnetic marker 1 and the magnetic marker 1 supplied from the supply device 42 are arranged on the road surface 53.
- the supply device 42 is a device that supplies the magnetic marker 1 held on the carrier sheet 400 to the placement device 43.
- the supply device 42 handles the above-described roll body 10 and unwinds the carrier sheet 400 so that the magnetic marker 1 can be removed.
- the supply device 42 includes a winding shaft 421 for setting the roll body 10 and a winding shaft 422 for winding the carrier sheet 400 unwound from the roll body 10.
- the carrier sheet 400 that has been unwound from the roll body 10 and unwound on the take-up shaft 422 is wound around the outer periphery of the pressure roller 431 that constitutes the arrangement device 43 with the magnetic marker 1 to be held outside.
- the placement device 43 is a device that places the magnetic marker 1 on the road surface 53.
- the arrangement device 43 includes a pressure roller 431 that rolls while pressing the road surface 53 in a state where the carrier sheet 400 is wound.
- the pressure roller 431 transfers the magnetic marker 1 held on the carrier sheet 400 onto the road surface 53 by pressing the carrier sheet 400 against the road surface 53 while rolling on the road surface 53.
- the heating device 412 is a device that includes a burner that radiates a flame, and is provided with a flame radiating port so as to face the road surface 53.
- the heating device 412 heats the road surface 53 on which the magnetic marker 1 has been placed.
- the pressure device 44 includes a pressure roller 441 that presses while rolling the road surface 53, and is a device that levels the road surface 53 by the weight of the pressure roller 441.
- the pressurizing device 44 is arranged behind the heating device 412 so that the road surface 53 after heating the magnetic marker 1 can be leveled.
- the fourth work vehicle 4D includes a follower traveling device 48B having the same specifications as the second and third work vehicles 4B and 4C, a magnetizing device 45 for magnetizing the laid magnetic marker 1, and a magnetic device.
- a detection device 47 for detecting the magnetism of the marker 1 is provided.
- the magnetizing device 45 is a device that applies a magnetic field to the magnetic marker 1 laid on the road surface 53 and magnetizes the magnetic marker 1 so as to have a magnetic pole property.
- the magnetizing device 45 includes a magnetic field generating unit including a combination of a cylindrical coil 451 around which an electric wire is wound and an iron core 452 made of a ferromagnetic material that is inserted inside the coil 451. And a power supply unit (not shown) for controlling the power.
- a construction method (FIG. 8) of the magnetic marker 1 by the work vehicle system 4S in which the above four work vehicles 4A to D are combined will be described.
- a cleaning step P101 for cleaning the road surface 53 a first heating step P102 for preheating the road surface 53, an arrangement step P103 for arranging the magnetic marker 1 on the road surface 53, and a road surface on which the magnetic marker 1 is arranged.
- a second heating process P104 for heating 53, a pressurizing process P105 for pressurizing the road surface 53 on which the magnetic marker 1 is disposed, and a magnetization process for magnetizing the magnetic marker 1 disposed on the road surface 53 by applying a magnetic field to the magnetic marker 1 P106 and detection step P107 for detecting magnetism generated by the magnetic marker 1 are performed in this order.
- Each of the work vehicles 4A to 4D specifies the laying position of the magnetic marker 1 using the absolute position measured by the GPS positioning unit.
- the construction method of FIG. 8 can be carried out by causing the three work vehicles 4B to D to travel following the leading work vehicle 4A that automatically travels along the laying line 530L (see FIG. 2) (FIG. 9). .
- the second work vehicle 4B performs the cleaning process P101 and the first heating process P102
- the third work vehicle 4C performs the placement process P103, the second heating process P104, and the pressurizing process P105
- the fourth work vehicle 4D performs the magnetization process P106 and the detection process P107.
- the first heating process P102 is a preheating process in which the road surface 53 corresponding to the laying position of the magnetic marker 1 is preheated by the burner of the heating device 411 of the work vehicle 4B. This step is performed when the laying position of the magnetic marker 1 is included in the heating range by the heating device 411 when the work vehicle 4B moves along the lane.
- the asphalt which is a paving material forming the road surface 53, can be heated and softened by the flame radiated from the burner.
- Arrangement step P103 is a step in which the magnetic marker 1 held on the carrier sheet 400 unwound from the roll body 10 is transferred and arranged on the road surface 53.
- the unwinding of the carrier sheet 400 from the roll body 10 is performed by following the rotation of the drive wheels of the work vehicle 4C via a reduction mechanism (not shown).
- the degree of deceleration by the deceleration mechanism is adjusted so that the magnetic marker 1 held by the carrier sheet 400 is positioned in the gap between the pressure roller 431 and the road surface 53 every time the magnetic marker 1 is laid.
- the magnetic marker 1 positioned in the gap between the pressure roller 431 and the road surface 53 is pressed against the road surface 53 by the pressure roller 431 and is pressure-bonded.
- the magnetic marker 1 is held with the anti-slip layer 15 (FIG. 4) inside (sheet side), and the bonding layer 16 is outside. If pressure is applied from the back side of the carrier sheet 400, the magnetic marker 1 can be disposed in a state where the bonding layer 16 is pressed against the road surface 53. When the magnetic marker 1 is disposed, the road surface 53 is heated and is in a high temperature state, so that the asphalt forming the bonding layer 16 is warmed and softened and integrated with the asphalt on the road surface 53 side. Thereby, asphalt functions as an adhesive and the magnetic marker 1 can be bonded.
- the second heating process P104 is a post-heating process in which the magnetic marker 1 disposed on the road surface 53 is heated together with the surrounding road surface 53.
- the asphalt of the anti-slip layer 15 (FIG. 4) forming the surface of the magnetic marker 1 can be heated and softened together with the asphalt of the surrounding road surface 53.
- the pressurization process P105 is a process of pressurizing the magnetic marker 1 and the surroundings after heating them. If this step similar to the step of paving the road surface 53 of the road is performed, the road surface 53 on which the magnetic marker 1 is laid can be leveled with high uniformity, and the asphalt of the anti-slip layer 15 on the surface side of the magnetic marker 1 The surrounding asphalt can be brought close to the unity to eliminate the boundary.
- the magnetizing step P106 is a step of magnetizing the laid magnetic marker 1 by applying a magnetic field.
- the detection step P107 is a step of inspecting whether or not a desired magnetic characteristic is realized by magnetization by detecting magnetism generated by the magnetic marker 1. If the inspection by the detection step P107 is passed, the installation of the magnetic marker 1 is completed.
- the work of laying the magnetic marker 1 can be efficiently performed by running the four work vehicles 4A to 4D in a row. If the configuration of the subsequent work vehicle is changed, for example, an inspection work for a laid magnetic marker, a remagnetization work, or the like can be performed.
- asphalt forming the bonding layer 16 of the magnetic marker 1 is used like an adhesive.
- the magnetic marker can be bonded using an adhesive such as an epoxy resin or a silicone resin.
- the work vehicle 4A including the automatic travel device 48A is illustrated as the top work vehicle, instead of this, in addition to the automatic travel device 48A, a work vehicle equipped with work devices such as the cleaning device 410 and the heating device 411 is used as the top work vehicle. It may be a working vehicle.
- the leading work vehicle may include a camera that captures a road image ahead and a configuration that recognizes a lane by performing image processing on the captured image and detecting a lane mark such as a white line. good. If the left and right lane marks, which are lane markings, are detected and the lane can be recognized, the center line can be specified as the laying line. As a result, the relative position of the laying line relative to the work vehicle can be specified. For example, automatic steering control with the relative position of the laying line 20 m ahead as a control target is possible.
- the lane mark such as a white line, for example, in an image in which an edge component is emphasized by applying a differential filter, an up edge (boundary where the road surface switches from dark to white line) and a down edge (from light to dark). It can be detected by utilizing the image characteristic of the white line that the combination with the boundary to be switched) occurs.
- the lane mark can be detected by a radar device using millimeter waves or laser light. Further, it is also possible to recognize the laying position by attaching a mark or a marker to the laying position of the magnetic marker and detecting the mark or the like from the image captured by the camera. Sequentially, the work vehicle can be automatically driven while recognizing the laying position.
- the lateral deviation of the work vehicle relative to the magnetic marker is measured by detecting the laid magnetic marker, and if automatic steering control based on this lateral deviation is performed, the platoon traveling through the magnetic marker is performed. realizable.
- This example is an example in which an automatic steering device 485 is employed as means for realizing control of the steering angle of the steered wheels.
- a device that presents a control target acquired by the target acquisition device 481 to a driver or the like may be employed. For example, if there is a device that displays a control target on the screen, the driver of the work vehicle operates the steering wheel while checking the control target, so that the work vehicle can travel along the laying line.
- the work vehicle system 4S may be applied to the work of re-magnetizing the magnetic marker 1 whose magnetism has been attenuated due to a change over time after laying or the action of an external magnetic field.
- the work vehicle equipped with a high-sensitivity magnetic sensor capable of detecting the attenuated magnetism is used as the head, and the platooning is carried out by automatic traveling while traveling along the magnetic marker 1.
- the fourth work vehicle 4D re-magnetization for changing the magnetic pole property of the magnetized magnetic marker 1 can be executed. Since the work vehicle 4D includes the detection device 47, confirmation of the magnetic pole property of the re-magnetized magnetic marker, confirmation of magnetic characteristics, and the like can be performed together.
- An inter-vehicle communication device may be mounted on each work vehicle, and travel control information such as the steering angle of the leading work vehicle may be transmitted to the subsequent work vehicle. If inter-vehicle communication is possible, the laying position of the magnetic marker can be transmitted to the subsequent work vehicle.
- the construction in which the magnetic marker 1 is continuously arranged along the lane is illustrated. However, for example, the magnetic marker 1 is provided before the branch road or the like in order to notify the approach information to the branch road or the intersection. It is also good to arrange.
- a sheet-shaped magnetic marker 1 is illustrated as a magnetic marker.
- the shape of the magnetic marker may be a columnar shape such as a circular cross section or a polygonal cross section.
- the combination of the columnar magnetic marker height and outer diameter may be a long and narrow columnar shape whose height dimension is larger than the outer diameter, but it is a short columnar shape whose outer diameter dimension is larger than the height. There may be.
- it may be a cylindrical shape having a height of 10 mm and a diameter of 30 mm.
- a method for producing a cylindrical magnetic marker for example, a method in which the above slurry obtained by kneading magnetic powder in molten asphalt is molded into a predetermined shape or the like, or after being molded into a predetermined shape, a predetermined length is obtained.
- the carrier sheet holding the magnetic marker may be wound in a roll shape and stored and transported as a roll body as in this example. good.
- this magnetic marker may be arranged in multiple rows on a wide carrier sheet and wound in a roll shape.
- a holding member such as a tray or a plate in which a plurality of magnetic markers are two-dimensionally arranged
- the magnetic marker may be stored or transported while being held by the holding member.
- a pick-and-place mechanism that is capable of moving back and forth in the left-right direction and the vertical direction and having a suction head that can suck the magnetic marker by negative pressure is effective. is there. It is preferable to adopt a configuration in which the suction head sucks the magnetic markers one by one, receives them from the holding member, and sequentially arranges them on the road.
- the pick-and-place mechanism is also effective for carrier sheets in which magnetic markers are arranged in multiple rows.
- the work vehicle 4B illustrated in FIG. 7 may be provided with a device for forming the accommodation space in place of the heating device 411 or at a rear side (retreat side) of the heating device 411.
- the accommodation space may be formed by pressing a tool such as a punch to dent the road surface.
- the accommodation space may be formed by drilling a road surface with a tool such as a drill.
- the pressure roller 431 of the work vehicle 4C may be a roller that transfers the magnetic marker 1 to the accommodation space without applying pressure.
- the apparatus for forming said accommodation space it may replace with work vehicle 4B and may be provided in work vehicle 4C.
- a device for forming an accommodation space may be disposed on the front side (forward side) of the pressure roller 431.
- the upper end surface of the magnetic marker disposed in the accommodation space is lower than the road surface.
- the magnetic marker may be sealed by filling with a methacrylic resin filler to improve uniformity with the surrounding road surface.
- asphalt may be adopted as the filler.
- a woven or non-woven fabric such as glass fiber, carbon fiber, or cellulose nanofiber may be disposed on the upper end surface side of the magnetic marker.
- the characteristics of the filler can be enhanced by impregnating the woven or non-woven fabric with the filler.
- the size of the woven or non-woven fabric may be smaller than the cross-sectional shape of the storage space, but may be slightly larger than the cross-sectional shape of the storage space. If it is a woven cloth etc. larger than the cross-sectional shape of a storage space, a magnetic marker can be integrally covered with the road surface around a storage space. In this case, the opening portion of the accommodation space can be protected integrally with the surrounding road surface. For example, the dent of the opening part of an accommodation space can be suppressed, and the favorable laying state of a magnetic marker can be maintained long in the operation over a long period of time on a road.
- an MI sensor is illustrated as the magnetic sensor 2 that detects the magnetic marker 1.
- a high-sensitivity sensor that employs another principle such as a fluxgate sensor or a TMR sensor may be combined.
- the fluxgate sensor is a high-sensitivity magnetic sensor that measures the magnetic intensity from the saturation timing by utilizing the fact that the saturation timing of the core magnetic flux changes according to the external magnetic field when a periodic current is passed through the soft magnetic core. .
- a number of applications have been filed for the fluxgate sensor. For example, there are detailed descriptions in WO2011 / 155527 and JP2012-154786.
- a TMR (Tunneling Magneto Resistive) type sensor is a high-sensitivity sensor having a structure in which an insulator layer having a thickness of about 1 nm is sandwiched between ferromagnetic layers.
- the TMR sensor uses the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effect, in which when a voltage is applied perpendicular to the film surface, a current flows through the insulator layer due to the tunnel effect, and the electrical resistance at that time varies greatly according to the external magnetic field And achieves high sensitivity.
- TMR tunnel magnetoresistance
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Abstract
Description
前記磁気マーカを一列に敷設する仮想的なライン、あるいは前記磁気マーカが一列に敷設された仮想的なラインである敷設ラインに沿って走行するための制御目標を取得する目標取得装置と、
該制御目標に基づく操舵輪の舵角の制御を実現するための手段と、
前記磁気マーカに関する作業を担う作業装置と、を備える作業車両システムにある。
前記磁気マーカを一列に敷設する仮想的なライン、あるいは前記磁気マーカが一列に敷設された仮想的なラインである敷設ラインに沿って走行するための制御目標を取得する目標取得装置と、該制御目標に基づく操舵輪の舵角の制御を実現するための手段と、を備える先頭の作業車両に対して、
先行する作業車両に追従して走行するための追従走行装置と、前記磁気マーカに関する作業を担う作業装置と、を備える後続の作業車両を、組み合わせて複数台の作業車両を構成して当該複数台の作業車両の隊列走行により前記磁気マーカに関する作業を実施し、
前記作業装置の種類が異なる複数種類の作業車両の中から、実施する作業内容に応じて前記後続の作業車両を選択する磁気マーカの作業方法にある。
前記磁気マーカに関する作業としては、敷設、敷設済みの磁気マーカの点検や着磁や清掃や取り外し等、様々な作業がある。
なお、前記磁気マーカに関する上記の作業を実施するタイミングとしては、前記作業車両が作業する位置に到達したことを検出したタイミングであっても良い。この場合には、前記作業車両が作業を自動的あるいは半自動的に実施でき、作業員等の負担を一層軽減できる。一方、前記作業車両が作業する位置に到達したことを作業員等が確認し、確認した旨の操作に応じて作業を開始するように構成しても良い。この場合には、作業員等が位置の確認を担うことで作業の確実性を向上できる。
この場合には、自動操舵により作業の省力化を図ることができる。
なお、前記操舵輪の舵角の制御を実現するための手段としては、前記制御目標を運転者等に提示する装置であっても良い。例えば制御目標を画面上で表示する装置を採用すれば、作業車両の運転者が制御目標を確認しながらステアリングを操作することで、前記敷設ラインに沿う作業車両の走行を実現できる。
この場合には、速度制御が可能となり、一層の省力化を実現でき作業効率を向上できる。なお、前記自動操舵装置を備える一方、オペレータが走行速度の調節を行う構成を採用しても良い。前記自動操舵装置を備える作業車両であれば、オペレータが運転する場合と比べて前記敷設ラインに沿って走行する際の精度を向上でき、これにより作業の精度を高めることができる。
この場合には、前記敷設位置に到達する毎に前記磁気マーカに関する作業を自動的に実施できるようになる。前記敷設位置に到達する毎の人手による操作の必要性を低くでき作業効率を向上できる。
この場合には、前記作業車両を基準とした前記敷設ラインの相対位置を演算等でき、この相対位置に基づいて前記制御目標を生成できる。
車線を認識する方法としては、例えば光や電波を利用するレーダ装置により車線を区画する白線等のレーンマークを検出して車線を認識する方法や、前方道路をカメラで撮像して得られた画像から白線等のレーンマークを検出して車線を認識する方法等がある。
後続の作業車両は、先行する作業車両に追従して走行するための追従走行装置と、作業車両毎に異なる担当作業を担う作業装置と、を備えていても良い。
この場合には、複数台の作業車両の隊列走行により前記磁気マーカに関する作業を効率良く実施できる。作業車両を入れ替えれば異なる作業に対応できるようになり、汎用性が高くなる。
本例は、車両の運転操作の支援や自動運転や情報提供等を目的として道路に敷設される磁気マーカ1に関する例である。この内容について、図1~図9を参照して説明する。
保護層12は、母材(マトリクス)としてのアスファルトをガラスクロス12Gに含浸させた複合材料(繊維強化複合材料)の層である。
保護層12の外側の層のうち、敷設時に路面53に面することになる層は、アスファルトよりなる接合層16である。この接合層16をなすアスファルトは、路面53に接合する際に接着材として機能する。
保護層12の外側の層のうち、接合層16とは反対側の層は、砂等の骨材をアスファルトに混ぜた防滑層15である。
マグネトインピーダンス(MI:Magneto Impedance)センサは、外部磁界に応じてインピーダンスが変化する感磁体を含むマグネトインピーダンス素子を利用した磁気センサである。マグネトインピーダンス素子(MI素子)は、パルス電流あるいは高周波電流等が感磁体を流れるときに表皮層の電流密度が高くなる表皮効果に起因し、外部磁界によって表皮層の深さ(厚さ)が変動して感磁体のインピーダンスが敏感に変化するというマグネトインピーダンス効果(MI効果)を利用して磁気を検出する素子である。このようなMI効果を利用するMI素子によれば、高感度な磁気計測が可能である。MI素子を利用すれば、例えば0.5~10μT程度の微弱な磁気を検出できる低コストかつ小型の磁気センサを実現できる。なお、MI素子を利用したMIセンサについては多数の出願がなされており、例えば、WO2005/19851号公報、WO2009/119081号公報、特許4655247号公報などに詳細な記載がある。
図7の作業車両システム4Sは、4台の作業車両4A~Dにより構成されている。各作業車両4A~Dは自動操舵装置485や全速度域の車速制御装置(速度制御装置)486やGPS測位ユニット(測位部)等を備えている一方、担当する作業内容や役割に応じて異なる作業装置を備えている。
先頭の作業車両4Aは、敷設ライン530Lに追従して走行するための制御目標を取得する目標取得装置481、自動操舵装置485、及び車速制御装置486を備えている。先頭の作業車両4Aでは、目標取得装置481、自動操舵装置485、車速制御装置486の組み合わせにより自動走行装置48Aが構成されている。ここで、敷設ライン530Lは、車線530(図2参照。)に沿って一列に磁気マーカ1を敷設する仮想的なラインである。
2台目の作業車両4Bは、磁気マーカ1を配置する路面53を洗浄等する作業車両である。この作業車両4Bは、先頭の作業車両4Aに追従して走行するための追従走行装置48Bに加えて、磁気マーカ1を敷設する路面53を洗浄する洗浄装置410、及び路面53を加熱する加熱装置411を備えている。
加熱装置411は、火炎を放射するバーナーを含み、路面53に対面するように火炎放射口を設けた装置である。加熱装置411は、後続する作業車両4Cが配置する磁気マーカ1が路面63に密着できるよう、配置する前の路面53を予め加熱する。
レーダ計測装置483は、ミリ波帯の電波を発信した後、反射されて返って来た電波を受信するまでの遅延時間を計測して対象物までの距離・方位を計測する装置である。レーダ計測装置483は、電波の発信方向を変更することで前方の2次元領域をスキャン可能である。レーダ計測装置483は、反射されて返って来た電波強度の2次元分布から先行車両(先行する作業車両)を検出すると共に、自車両を原点とした座標空間における先行車両の位置を特定する。
3台目の作業車両4Cは、路面53に磁気マーカ1を配置する作業車両である。この作業車両4Cは、2台目の作業車両4Bと同じ仕様の追従走行装置48Bに加えて、磁気マーカ1を供給する供給装置42、供給装置42から供給された磁気マーカ1を路面53に配置する配置装置43、路面53を加熱する加熱装置412、路面53を加圧する加圧装置44を備えている。
加圧装置44は、路面53を転動しながら加圧する加圧ローラ441を含み、この加圧ローラ441の重みにより路面53を均す装置である。加圧装置44は、磁気マーカ1を加熱した後の路面53を均すことができるよう、加熱装置412よりも後ろ側に配置されている。
4台目の作業車両4Dは、2台目、3台目の作業車両4B、Cと同じ仕様の追従走行装置48Bに加えて、敷設された磁気マーカ1を着磁する着磁装置45、磁気マーカ1の磁気を検出する検出装置47を備えている。
加圧工程P105は、磁気マーカ1及び周囲を加熱した後で加圧する工程である。道路の路面53を舗装する工程に似通ったこの工程を実施すれば、磁気マーカ1を敷設した路面53を均一性高く均すことができると共に、磁気マーカ1の表面側の防滑層15のアスファルトと周囲のアスファルトとを渾然一体に近づけて境界をなくすことができる。
検出工程P107は、磁気マーカ1が発生する磁気を検出することで、着磁により所望の磁気特性が実現されているかどうかの検査を行う工程である。この検出工程P107による検査に合格すれば、磁気マーカ1の敷設が完了する。
先頭の作業車両として自動走行装置48Aを備える作業車両4Aを例示したが、これに代えて、自動走行装置48Aに加えて、洗浄装置410や加熱装置411等の作業装置を搭載する作業車両を先頭の作業車両としても良い。
さらに、磁気マーカの敷設位置に印やマーカ等を付しておき、カメラによる撮像画像の中から印等を検出することで敷設位置を認識することも良い。順次、敷設位置を認識しながら作業車両を自動走行させることもできる。
4台目の作業車両4Dによれば、着磁済みの磁気マーカ1の磁極性を変更するための再着磁を実行することもできる。この作業車両4Dは検出装置47を備えているので、再着磁した磁気マーカの磁極性の確認や、磁気特性の確認等を併せて実施できる。
本例では、車線に沿って磁気マーカ1を連続的に配置する施工を例示しているが、例えば、分岐路や交差点等への接近情報を報知するために分岐路等の手前に磁気マーカ1を配置することも良い。
例えば高さ10mm、直径30mmの円柱状の磁気マーカの場合であれば、本例の場合と同様、この磁気マーカを保持するキャリアシートをロール状に巻回してロール体として保管、運搬することも良い。さらに、この磁気マーカを幅広のキャリアシートに多列配置し、ロール状に巻回しても良い。
フラックスゲートセンサは、軟磁性コアに周期電流を流したときのコア磁束の飽和タイミングが外部磁界に応じて変化することを利用し、飽和のタイミングから磁気強度を計測する高感度な磁気センサである。なお、フラックスゲートセンサについては多数の出願がなされており、例えば、WO2011/155527号公報、特開2012-154786号公報などに詳細な記載がある。
TMR(Tunneling Magneto Resistive)型センサは、強磁性層の間に膜厚1nm程度の絶縁体層を挟み込む構造を備える高感度センサである。TMR型センサは、膜面に対して垂直に電圧を印加するとトンネル効果によって絶縁体層に電流が流れ、その際の電気抵抗が外部磁界に応じて大きく変化するトンネル磁気抵抗(TMR)効果を利用して高感度を実現している。なお、TMR型センサについては多数の出願がなされており、例えば、WO2009/078296号公報、特開2013-242299号公報などに詳細な記載がある。
10 ロール体
4 作業車両
4S 作業車両システム
411、412 加熱装置
42 供給装置
43 配置装置
45 着磁装置
47 検出装置
48A 自動走行装置
48B 追従走行装置
481 目標取得装置
483 レーダ計測装置
485 自動操舵装置
486 車速制御装置(速度制御装置)
5 車両
53 路面
530 車線
530L 敷設ライン
Claims (9)
- 車両の底面側に取り付けられた磁気センサで検出できるように路面に敷設され、運転者による車両の運転操作の支援、あるいは運転者の操作に依らない自動運転のための車両側の制御を実現するための磁気マーカに関する作業を実施する1台又は複数台の作業車両により構成される作業車両システムであって、
前記磁気マーカを一列に敷設する仮想的なライン、あるいは前記磁気マーカが一列に敷設された仮想的なラインである敷設ラインに沿って走行するための制御目標を取得する目標取得装置と、
該制御目標に基づく操舵輪の舵角の制御を実現するための手段と、
前記磁気マーカに関する作業を担う作業装置と、を備える作業車両システム。 - 請求項1において、前記操舵輪の舵角の制御を実現するための手段として、前記制御目標に基づく操舵輪の舵角の制御により自動操舵を実現する自動操舵装置を備える作業車両システム。
- 請求項1又は2において、発進及び停止を含めて走行速度を制御する速度制御装置を備えている作業車両システム。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項において、前記磁気マーカの敷設を予定する位置、あるいは前記磁気マーカが敷設された位置である敷設位置に前記作業車両が到達したか否かを検知するための敷設位置検知装置を備え、前記作業装置は、該敷設位置検知装置により前記敷設位置への到達が検知された場合に前記磁気マーカに関する作業を実施するように構成されている作業車両システム。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項において、前記目標取得装置は、複数の衛星から送信されて来る電波を受信して作業車両の絶対位置を計測する測位部と、前記敷設ラインの絶対位置を記憶する記憶部と、を有しており、前記作業車両の絶対位置と前記敷設ラインの絶対位置との比較により前記制御目標を生成して取得する作業車両システム。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項において、前記目標取得装置は、車両が走行する道路上の区分である車線を認識することで該車線に沿って延在する前記敷設ラインの相対位置を計測し、当該相対位置に基づいて前記制御目標を生成して取得する作業車両システム。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項において、複数台が連なって走行して磁気マーカに関する作業を実施する作業車両システムであって、先頭の作業車両が前記目標取得装置を備えており、
後続の作業車両は、先行する作業車両に追従して走行するための追従走行装置と、作業車両毎に異なる担当作業を担う作業装置と、を備える作業車両システム。 - 車両の底面側に取り付けられた磁気センサで検出できるように路面に敷設され、運転者の運転を支援するための車両側の運転支援制御を実現するための磁気マーカに関する作業を複数台の作業車両で実施する方法であって、
前記磁気マーカを一列に敷設する仮想的なライン、あるいは前記磁気マーカが一列に敷設された仮想的なラインである敷設ラインに沿って走行するための制御目標を取得する目標取得装置と、該制御目標に基づく操舵輪の舵角の制御を実現するための手段と、を備える先頭の作業車両に対して、
先行する作業車両に追従して走行するための追従走行装置と、前記磁気マーカに関する作業を担う作業装置と、を備える後続の作業車両を、組み合わせて複数台の作業車両を構成して当該複数台の作業車両の隊列走行により前記磁気マーカに関する作業を実施し、
前記作業装置の種類が異なる複数種類の作業車両の中から、実施する作業内容に応じて前記後続の作業車両を選択する磁気マーカの作業方法。 - 請求項8において、前記先頭の作業車両は、前記操舵輪の舵角の制御を実現するための手段として、前記制御目標に基づく操舵輪の舵角の制御により自動操舵を実現する自動操舵装置を備える磁気マーカの作業方法。
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| EP17753126.6A EP3418845A4 (en) | 2016-02-16 | 2017-02-13 | WORK VEHICLE SYSTEM AND WORKING METHOD FOR MAGNETIC MARKERS |
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| JP2017522569A JP6195040B1 (ja) | 2016-02-16 | 2017-02-13 | 作業車両システム及び磁気マーカの作業方法 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP6195040B1 (ja) | 2017-09-13 |
| EP3418845A4 (en) | 2019-10-23 |
| JPWO2017141869A1 (ja) | 2018-02-22 |
| EP3418845A1 (en) | 2018-12-26 |
| US20200332483A1 (en) | 2020-10-22 |
| SG11201806864UA (en) | 2018-09-27 |
| CN108604099B (zh) | 2021-12-21 |
| CN108604099A (zh) | 2018-09-28 |
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