WO2017038101A1 - 癌における食事療法の開発 - Google Patents
癌における食事療法の開発 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017038101A1 WO2017038101A1 PCT/JP2016/004023 JP2016004023W WO2017038101A1 WO 2017038101 A1 WO2017038101 A1 WO 2017038101A1 JP 2016004023 W JP2016004023 W JP 2016004023W WO 2017038101 A1 WO2017038101 A1 WO 2017038101A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
- A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
- A61K31/225—Polycarboxylic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/115—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof; Fats or oils
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/30—Dietetic or nutritional methods, e.g. for losing weight
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
- A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7016—Disaccharides, e.g. lactose, lactulose
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technical field related to a composition or combination for preventing or treating cancer. More particularly, the present invention relates to a composition or combination for providing a diet in the treatment of cancer. More particularly, it relates to the use of high fat diets, such as carbohydrate limited high fat diets, in the treatment of end-stage cancer.
- high fat diets such as carbohydrate limited high fat diets
- Non-Patent Document 1 Int J Cancer. 2007 May 1: 120 (9): 2007-12.).
- a high-fat diet particularly a carbohydrate-restricted high-fat diet (for example, a so-called “ketone diet”) can be one of the treatment methods for end-stage cancer patients
- a high-fat diet represented by a ketone diet for lung cancer patients is examined, and preferably a composition for treating cancer or a combination thereof, including a high-fat diet, such as a carbohydrate-restricted high-fat diet,
- a high-fat diet such as a carbohydrate-restricted high-fat diet
- a ketone formula for cancer is used. The usefulness of was evaluated. When the tumor weight on the 21st day after transplantation of Colon26 cells was measured, the tumor weight of the ketone formula group was statistically significantly decreased compared to the control group (p ⁇ 0.01). Regarding the tumor removal body weight obtained by subtracting the tumor weight from the body weight, the tumor removal body weight of the ketone formula group was statistically significantly higher than that of the control group.
- ketone diet a carbohydrate-limited high-fat diet
- concentration in blood was suppressed significantly in the ketone formula group compared with the control group. From the above, it has been found that the ketone formula effectively increases the concentration of ketone bodies in the blood, suppresses inflammatory cytokines, and further shrinks the tumor without reducing the total energy intake or tumor removal weight.
- the diet therapy of the present invention can be said to be supportive therapy when any one or more of the three major therapies (surgery, radiation therapy, anticancer drug (chemotherapy)) is performed.
- the usefulness of a ketogenic diet in cancer patients other than lung cancer patients was confirmed.
- the disease background was 2 cases of lung cancer, 1 case of recurrence of endometrial cancer, 1 case of recurrence of bladder cancer, 2 cases of recurrence of ovarian cancer, and 4 cases of recurrence of peritoneal cancer.
- 1 case was nauseous, and 1 case was transformed from adenocarcinoma to small cell carcinoma during treatment and discontinued.
- One case of bladder cancer was discontinued due to adverse events associated with other cancer treatments. In the case of discontinued bladder cancer, the subject died shortly thereafter. The prognosis is also very poor in the 2 cases of lung cancer that were discontinued.
- ketogenic diet therapy can be safely performed even in cancer patients other than lung cancer and breast cancer, and can be evaluated as having a life-prolonging effect.
- (Item 1) A composition or combination thereof for treating cancer, including a high fat diet.
- (Item 2) The composition according to Item 1, wherein the high-fat diet has a fat content of about 120 g or more per day based on a real body weight of 50 kg, or about 70% or more of the total energy per day. Thing or combination thereof.
- (Item 3) 3. The composition according to item 1 or 2, or a combination thereof, wherein the high-fat food is carbohydrate-limited.
- Item 4 Item 4. The composition according to Item 3, or a combination thereof, wherein the high-fat meal limits carbohydrates to 30 g or less per day.
- (Item 5) Item 5.
- the high fat diet comprises about 0% (w / w) to about 15% (w / w) carbohydrate.
- Item 9 Item 9.
- the high fat diet is about 25% (w / w) to about 40% (w / w) long chain fatty acid oil, about 35% (w / w) to about 50% (w / w) medium chain fatty acid.
- Item comprising oil (MCT oil), about 0% (w / w) to about 15% (w / w) carbohydrate, and about 10% (w / w) to about 20% (w / w) protein.
- Item 12 Item 10. The composition according to Item 9, or the combination thereof, wherein the medium chain fatty acid oil is composed of fatty acids having 8 to 11 carbon atoms.
- the carbohydrate comprises lactose.
- Item 14 14. The composition according to any one of items 1 to 13, or a combination thereof, characterized in that it is combined with other treatments.
- Item 15 15. A composition or combination thereof according to item 14, wherein the other treatment comprises surgical therapy, chemotherapy or radiation therapy or a combination thereof.
- the high fat diet is a modified Atkins diet, and the modified Atkins diet is 1) The first week is provided at a ratio of about 1500 kcal daily calories, about 140 g lipid: about 60 g protein: about 10 g carbohydrate, based on 50 kg real body weight, 2) From the second week to the third month, the daily intake of carbohydrate is about 20 g or less, and the daily calorie is about 1400 to about 1600 kcal, the lipid is about 120 to about 140 g: the protein is about 70 g: the carbohydrate is about 20 g.
- the carbohydrate intake is about 10 g / dose, the daily intake is about 30 g or less, and others are provided according to 2), Item 16.
- (Item 19) The composition according to any one of items 1 to 18, or a combination thereof, wherein the patient with cancer has a performance status (PS) of 2 or less.
- PS performance status
- (Item 21) A composition or a combination thereof for enhancing the effect of cancer treatment, including a high fat diet.
- (Item A1) A composition for treating cancer comprising about 60% (w / w) or more of fat, or about 75% or more of total energy.
- the composition according to Item A1 comprising from about 0% (w / w) to about 15% (w / w) carbohydrate.
- (Item A3) The composition of item A1 or A2, comprising from about 5% (w / w) to about 40% (w / w), or from 2% to 25% of the total energy of protein.
- Item A4 Item 4. The composition according to any one of Items A1 to A3, wherein about 30% (w / w) or more of the fat is MCT oil.
- Item A5 The composition according to any one of items A1-A4, wherein the carbohydrate comprises lactose.
- (Item A6) The composition according to any one of items A1 to A5, comprising a ketone formula.
- (Item A7) The composition according to any one of items A1 to A6, wherein the composition is a food.
- (Item B1) A composition for treating cancer or a combination thereof, comprising a carbohydrate-restricted diet.
- (Item B2) The composition according to item B1, or a combination thereof, wherein the carbohydrate-restricted diet limits carbohydrates to 30 g or less per day.
- (Item B3) The composition of claim B1 or B2, or a combination thereof, wherein the carbohydrate restricted diet comprises about 0% (w / w) to about 15% (w / w) carbohydrate.
- (Item B5) The composition or combination thereof according to any one of items B1 to B4, wherein the composition or combination thereof is food.
- (Item C1) A composition for treating cancer, comprising medium chain fatty acid oil (MCT oil).
- MCT oil The composition according to item C1, wherein the MCT oil is composed of fatty acids having 8 to 10 carbon atoms.
- (Item C3) 3.
- (Item C4) The composition according to any one of items C1 to C3, wherein the composition is a food.
- the high fat diet is a modified Atkins diet, wherein the modified Atkins diet is: 1) providing the first week at a ratio of about 1500 kcal daily calories, about 140 g lipid: about 60 g protein: about 10 g carbohydrate, based on 50 kg real body weight; 2) From the second week to the third month, the daily intake of carbohydrate is about 20 g or less, and the daily calorie is about 1400 to about 1600 kcal, the lipid is about 120 to about 140 g: the protein is about 70 g: the carbohydrate is about 20 g. 3) From the third month onward, the carbohydrate intake is about 10 g / dose, the daily intake is about 30 g or less, and the other is the step of providing according to 2) Including diet.
- the modified Atkins diet is: 1) providing the first week at a ratio of about 1500 kcal daily calories, about 140 g lipid: about 60 g protein: about 10 g carbohydrate, based on 50 kg real body weight; 2) From the second week to the third
- non-small cell lung malignancies for example, non-small cell lung malignancies, Stage IV, PS0-1, patients who can be taken orally, and combined use such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy is possible.
- the cancers targeted by the present invention are colon cancer (colon cancer), breast cancer, endometrial cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer, peritoneal cancer, rectal cancer, liver cancer, labial adenoid cyst cancer, and these cancers. Metastasis (liver metastasis, bone metastasis, etc.), recurrent cancer, and the like.
- For the ketogenic diet 1) For the first week, calories are set to 30 kcal / kg based on real body weight, no lipid restriction, no protein restriction, and 10 g carbohydrates or less.
- the body weight is 50 kg
- the daily calorie is about 1500 kcal and the ratio is about 140 g lipid: about 60 g protein: about 10 g carbohydrate.
- the ketone ratio (lipid / (protein + carbohydrate)) is targeted at 2: 1.
- Other nutrients can be taken without restriction. Necessary trace elements and vitamins are taken as appropriate by the use of supplements.
- the daily intake of carbohydrate is about 20 g or less, the daily calorie is about 1400 to about 1600 kcal, the lipid is about 120 to about 140 g: A ratio of about 70 g protein to about 20 g carbohydrate is targeted with a ketone ratio of 2: 1 to 1: 1.
- the intake of carbohydrates is about 10 g / day, the daily intake is about 30 g or less, and the others are in accordance with 2).
- MCT oil and a ketone formula make it possible to easily induce a blood ketone body as compared with the conventional method. It is preferable to exclude cancer patients that cannot be taken orally, cancer patients with PS3 or higher, and patients with diabetes.
- FIG. 1 shows tumor weight data on day 21 after tumor transplantation in the control and KF groups.
- FIG. 2 shows the body weight excluding the tumor on the 21st day after tumor transplantation in the control group and the KF group.
- FIG. 3 shows the data of the total caloric intake in the control group and the KF group.
- FIG. 4 shows blood ⁇ -hydroxybutyric acid concentration data on day 21 after tumor transplantation in the control group and the KF group.
- FIG. 5 shows blood IL-6 concentration data on day 21 after tumor transplantation in the control and KF groups.
- FIG. 6 shows data of blood ⁇ -hydroxybutyric acid concentration in healthy adults.
- On the left is a graph showing the ⁇ -hydroxybutyric acid concentration in the blood when a placebo formula (a composition equivalent to a ketone formula and all lipids are long chain fatty acid fats and fats (not including medium chain fatty acid fats and oils)) is taken.
- the right is a graph showing the ⁇ -hydroxybutyric acid concentration in blood when a ketone formula is ingested.
- the horizontal axis of each graph shows the elapsed time (time) after ingestion.
- FIG. 7 shows blood data of 3 cases of continued ketogenic diet. The time course of glucose and insulin from the upper left, and 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (1,5-AG) and HbA1C from the lower left (up to 12 months) are shown.
- FIG. 8 shows blood data of 3 cases of continuous ketogenic diet. From the upper left, total cholesterol (T-cho), triglyceride (TG), from the lower left, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) HDL-C. Each graph shows error bars and units.
- FIG. 9 shows blood data of 3 cases of continuous ketogenic diet. The upper row shows static blood acetoacetic acid, and the lower row shows static blood ⁇ H butyric acid. Each graph shows error bars and units.
- FIG. 10 shows blood data of 3 cases of continuous ketogenic diet. The upper row shows uric acid (UA) and the lower row shows C-reactive protein (CRP). Each graph shows error bars and units.
- FIG. 11 shows the results of the Kaplan-Meier method.
- a solid line indicates a group not administered with a ketogenic diet, and a broken line indicates a group administered with a ketogenic diet.
- the vertical axis shows the survival rate, and the horizontal axis shows the time (days) since entering the cohort.
- Log-rank test was used as an analysis method.
- the number of “No. at Risk” at the bottom of the graph means the number of patients who may die at each time point, with the upper row without a ketone diet and the lower row with a ketone diet. It ’s been confirmed, and it ’s a graph like this because it ’s missing.)
- FIG. 12 shows a comparison of PEG-CT before and after treatment (after 3 months) in one case.
- FIG. 13 shows a comparison before and after (3 months later) treatment of CT in case 8.
- FIG. 14 shows a comparison of PET-CT in case 11 before and after treatment (after 4 months).
- FIG. 15 shows a comparison of PET-CT before and after treatment (after 4 months) in case 11.
- FIG. 16 shows a comparison of PET-CT in case 11 before and after treatment (after 4 months).
- FIG. 17 shows a comparison before and after treatment (three months later) with PET-CT in Case 12.
- FIG. 18 shows a comparison of PET-CT before and after treatment (3 months later) in Case 12.
- FIG. 19 shows a comparison of PET-CT before and after treatment (after 3 months) in Case 12.
- the high fat diet is about 50% or more of the total energy, about 55% or more of the total energy, about 60% or more of the total energy, about 65% or more of the total energy, about 70% or more of the total energy amount, about 80% or more of the total energy amount, about 85% or more of the total energy amount, or about 90% or more of the total energy amount.
- the high fat diet includes about 80% or more of the total energy.
- the daily intake of fat is about 80 g or more, about 90 g or more, about 100 g or more, about 110 g or more, about 115 g or more, about 120 g or more, 125 g or more, about 130 g or more, about 135 g or more, about 140 g or more, about 145 g or more, or about 150 g or more.
- the daily fat intake is about 140 g or more based on a real body weight of 50 kg.
- the high fat diet preferably has limited carbohydrates (ie, a carbohydrate limited high fat diet).
- the fat contained in the high fat diet can be a low chain fatty acid oil, a medium chain fatty acid oil, a long chain fatty acid oil, or any combination thereof.
- the fat contained in the high fat diet preferably has a high proportion of medium chain fatty acid oil. Specifically, about 10% or more, about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more of fat contained in a high fat diet, About 80% or more is medium chain fatty acid oil.
- the “medium chain fatty acid oil” means a fatty acid having a medium chain length, which is also called MCT (Medium Chain Triglyceride), and typically has 6 to 6 carbon atoms. 12, preferably composed of fatty acids having 8 to 12 carbon atoms, or composed of fatty acids having 8 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Digestive absorption is better than ordinary oil, and it is easy to become energy.
- the medium chain fatty acid hexanoic acid (caproic acid; C6), octanoic acid (caprylic acid; C8), nonanoic acid (pelargonic acid; C9), decanoic acid (capric acid; C10), dodecanoic acid (lauric acid; C12).
- the “carbohydrate-restricted high-fat diet” refers to a diet with less carbohydrate intake and more fat than a normal diet (ie, the above-mentioned high-fat diet further A meal with carbohydrate restriction).
- carbohydrate restriction refers to daily carbohydrate intake of 100 g or less. This figure is based on a nutrition report published by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in 2010. “If the basal metabolic rate is 1,500 kcal / day, the energy consumption of the brain is 300 kcal / day, which corresponds to 75 g / day of glucose.
- the required amount of glucose is estimated to be at least 100 g / day, that is, the minimum required amount of digestible carbohydrate is estimated to be approximately 100 g / day. It is understood that it is calculated from what is said to be “done” and may vary.
- Ketone diets that can be used in the present invention are generally known to have seizure-reducing action in patients with intractable epilepsy and glucose transporter 1-deficiency pyruvate dehydrogenase complex abnormality, and its safety has also been confirmed. ing.
- An example of a ketone food is a ketone formula (Meiji 817-B; Meiji Co., Ltd.).
- carbohydrate refers to an organic compound containing a monosaccharide as a constituent component.
- Carbohydrate used in the context of a high-fat diet, a carbohydrate-restricted diet, a carbohydrate-restricted high-fat diet, etc. refers to a carbohydrate, and “carbohydrate” and “sugar” are used interchangeably.
- carbohydrate refers to a carbohydrate that is not dietary fiber and includes monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Examples of monosaccharides include glucose (glucose), fructose (fructose), galactose and the like.
- disaccharide examples include maltose (malt sugar), sucrose (sucrose), lactose (lactose) and the like.
- polysaccharide examples include starch (amylose, amylopectin), glycogen, dextrin and the like.
- a carbohydrate-limited high-fat diet usually means a daily carbohydrate intake of about 100 g or less and a lipid intake of about 30% or more of the total intake energy.
- the carbohydrate is about 90 g or less, about 80 g or less, about 70 g or less, about 60 g or less, about 50 g or less, about 40 g or less, about 35 g or less, about 30 g or less, about 25 g or less. , About 20 g or less, about 15 g or less, about 10 g or less.
- For high fat preferably about 35% or more, about 40% or more, about 45% or more, about 50% or more, about 55% or more, about 60% or more, about 65% or more, It can be about 70% or more, about 75% or more, about 80% or more.
- carbohydrate restricted high fat can be determined by looking at the ketone ratio (lipid / (protein + carbohydrate)) (weight ratio), where the ketone ratio is equal to or higher than about 1: about 1 A large amount) is preferable as a carbohydrate-limited high-fat diet.
- Any ratio may be used for about 1: about 1 or more lipids, but in one embodiment it may be set from about 1: about 1 to about 2: about 1 and at the time of introduction 2: It is preferably around 1.
- the amount of protein and carbohydrate can be any amount as long as the ketone ratio satisfies this definition, but is preferably no more than about 30 g per day, more preferably no more than about 20 g per day, and even more preferably one day.
- a single intake may be any range within the range of the daily intake, but is preferably about 10 g or less at a time. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is assumed that about 60 to about 90% of the energy consumed will be consumed with fat.
- a carbohydrate-limited high-fat diet can be provided by, for example, a ketone formula (Meiji 817-B; Meiji Co., Ltd.). An Atkins diet may be used when used in children and a modified Atkins diet may be used for adults.
- the modified Atkins diet is as follows: 1) For the first week, the calorie is about 30 kcal / kg based on real body weight, no lipid restriction, no protein restriction, and about 10 g carbohydrates or less. Specifically, at the initial stage of introduction, 1) the body weight is 50 kg, and the daily calorie is about 1500 kcal and the ratio is about 140 g of lipid: about 60 g of protein: about 10 g of carbohydrate. The ketone ratio (lipid / (protein + carbohydrate)) is targeted at 2: 1. Other nutrients can be taken without restriction. Necessary trace elements and vitamins are taken as appropriate by the use of supplements.
- the daily intake of carbohydrate is about 20 g or less, the daily calorie is about 1400 to about 1600 kcal, the lipid is about 120 to about 140 g: A ratio of about 70 g protein to about 20 g carbohydrate is targeted with a ketone ratio of 2: 1 to 1: 1.
- the intake of carbohydrate is 10 g / day, the daily intake is about 30 g or less, and the others are in accordance with 2).
- the high fat diet of the present invention eg, a carbohydrate limited high fat diet
- the high fat diet of the present invention is about 25% (w / w) to about 40% (w / w) long chain fatty acid oil, about 35% (W / w) to about 50% (w / w) medium chain fatty acid oil (MCT oil), about 0% (w / w) to about 15% (w / w) carbohydrate, and about 10% (w / W) to about 20% (w / w) protein.
- the high-fat meal of the present invention eg, a sugar-restricted high-fat meal
- the main composition of the ketone formula (Meiji 817-B; Meiji Co., Ltd.) is shown in Table 1 below.
- the ketone formula is vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, pantothenic acid, niacin, folic acid, calcium, magnesium, sodium, Contains potassium, phosphorus, chlorine, iron, copper and zinc.
- the carbohydrate restricted high fat diet of the present invention advantageously avoids a low calorie diet (eg, a diet of less than 1000 kcal / day, such as 600 kcal / day). This is because the patient's prognosis is poor when a low-calorie diet is added. It is understood that securing a certain amount of calories is important in cancer treatment. For example, it is preferable that the daily calorie intake does not fall below the basal metabolic rate.
- the basal metabolic rate can be calculated based on the real weight of the subject patient using a calculation formula known in the art.
- Japanese dietary intake standard (2015 version) is 21.5 kcal / kg body weight / day for men over 50 years old and 21.5 kcal / kg body weight / day for women over 50 years old However, it is 24.0 kcal / kg bw / day for men aged 18-29 and 22.1 kcal / kg bw / day for women aged 18-29.
- a ketogenic diet is one that is performed at a sugar content of about 60 to about 70 g / day, but it is preferable to limit the sugar content to about 30 g / day or less.
- blood ketone bodies acetoacetic acid, ⁇ -hydroxybutyric acid
- grams of fat, carbohydrate or protein daily intake described herein is based on a real body weight of 50 kg.
- real body weight refers to actual body weight.
- the gram number of daily intake can vary for different real body weights. For example, when the real weight is 80 kg, it is understood that the intake is 1.6 times the intake based on the real weight of 50 kg.
- cancer includes, for example, a tumor that occurs when a normal cell is mutated. Malignant tumors can arise from any organ or tissue throughout the body. Unless otherwise specified, in this specification, the terms “cancer” and “malignant tumor” are used synonymously.
- lung cancer esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, adrenal cancer, biliary tract cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, small intestine cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, uterine body Cancer, endometrial cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, ureteral cancer, renal pelvis cancer, ureteral cancer, penile cancer, testicular cancer, brain tumor, central nervous system cancer, peripheral nerve Group consisting of cancer of the system, head and neck cancer, glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, skin cancer, melanoma, thyroid cancer, salivary gland cancer, malignant lymphoma, carcinoma, sarcoma, leukemia and hematologic malignancy Including one or more selected from.
- Lung cancer includes, for example, non-small cell lung cancer (eg, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell cancer, etc.) or small cell lung cancer.
- the present invention is characterized in that it can treat patients with terminal cancer including advanced cancer, metastatic cancer and the like. Especially in patients with end-stage cancer, the prognostic improvement is very prominent, and there are cases of remission, and this effect was not seen with conventional diet therapy or normal cancer treatment .
- metalastasis refers to the process by which a cancerous lesion develops similar to a new location as cancer spreads or moves from the primary site of the body to other areas.
- a “metastatic” or “metastatic” cell is a cell that loses adhesive contact with neighboring cells and migrates from the primary site of disease through the bloodstream or lymph to invade neighboring body structures.
- metastasis is preferably, but not limited to, the cancer described herein, more preferably solid cancer, more preferably breast, heart, lung, small intestine, large intestine, spleen, Includes metastasis of cancer selected from the group consisting of kidney, bladder, head and neck, ovary, prostate, brain, pancreas, skin, bone, thymus, uterus, testis, cervix and / or liver cancer.
- the present invention can treat any degree of cancer and can treat any type of cancer.
- the stage classification was created so that the degree of progression and spread of cancer can be expressed at once. In this specification, the stage classification is used as an indicator of the degree of progression. Can be used. Since it is classified according to clinical practice, it is said that it is classified as clinically advanced stage in the Japanese translation.
- the present invention improves rather than impairs the prognosis in any type of cancer, or any stage of cancer (including early stage cancer, end stage cancer), Provide a therapy that has a therapeutic effect to the extent that QOL is raised and remission cases are also obtained.
- composition of the invention or combination thereof or diet is preferably combined with other treatments.
- Any other treatment can be used as long as it is used for the treatment of cancer, such as surgical treatment (for example, resection / extraction), chemotherapy or radiotherapy, etc. Can be mentioned.
- Surgical treatment refers to the removal of a cancerous lesion and, if there are metastases in the surrounding tissues or lymph nodes of the organ, cutting together or removing the organ itself. Even if cancer is early or has progressed to some extent, surgical treatment is actively performed if it can be removed. Methods that minimize the extent of resection (reduction surgery), laparoscopic surgery using an endoscope (small camera), thoracoscopic surgery, and the like have been developed, and these are also included in the surgical treatment.
- Chemotherapy is a treatment method that mainly kills cancer cells or suppresses their growth with anticancer agents.
- the administration method of the anticancer agent includes infusion, injection, internal use and the like. Since it goes through the whole body through the blood, it is also effective for very small metastases.
- Hormone therapy endocrine therapy
- Radiation therapy is a local therapy that kills cancer cells by irradiating a cancer lesion. Advances in examination techniques and irradiation methods before treatment make it possible to accurately measure the size and position of cancer and concentrate irradiation on only that part. Not only “external irradiation” that radiates radiation from outside the body, but also “sealed brachytherapy” in which a needle or capsule sealed with a substance that emits radiation is inserted into the lesion, and administration of radioactive substances by injection or internal use. There is “radioisotope internal therapy”. X-rays are often used as radiation for radiation therapy, but proton beam therapy using particle beam and heavy particle beam (carbon ion beam) therapy can also be used.
- the cancer targeted by the present invention is a non-small cell lung malignant tumor (eg, lung adenocarcinoma), colon cancer (colon cancer), breast cancer, endometrial cancer, bladder cancer, ovary Including cancer, peritoneal cancer, rectal cancer, liver cancer, lip adenoid cystic cancer, metastasis of these cancers (liver metastasis, bone metastasis, etc.), recurrent cancer, etc., as demonstrated herein, specifically It is understood that examples are not limited to these and include any cancer or malignant tumor.
- the cancer targeted by the present invention includes Stage IV such as non-small cell lung malignant tumor (for example, lung adenocarcinoma), and such late stage cancer is also specifically included. Is included in a typical example.
- the present invention provides a composition for treating cancer or a combination thereof comprising a high fat diet.
- a high fat diet by introducing a high fat diet, it is possible to treat a wide range of types and advanced cancers, including end-stage cancer, which has been extremely difficult to achieve remission in the past. be able to.
- the high fat diet of the present invention has a fat of about 80 g or more, about 90 g or more, about 100 g or more, about 110 g or more, about 120 g or more, 120 g or more, about 125 g or more, about 130 g or more, about 135 g or more, or about 140 g or more. More specifically, the high fat diet of the present invention has a fat content of about 80 g to about 180 g per day, preferably about 90 g to about 170 g, more preferably about 50 kg of real body weight. About 100 g to about 160 g per day, more preferably about 110 g to about 150 g per day, and most preferably about 120 g to about 140 g per day.
- the high fat diet of the present invention provides fat in an amount of about 50% or more of total energy, about 55% or more of total energy, about 60% or more of total energy, and about 65 of total energy. % Or more, about 70% or more of the total energy amount, about 75% or more of the total energy amount, about 80% or more of the total energy amount, about 85% or more of the total energy amount, or about 90% or more of the total energy amount And More specifically, the high fat diet of the present invention provides fat to about 50% to about 95% of total energy, preferably about 60% to about 90% of total energy, more preferably total energy. About 65% to about 85% of the amount, most preferably about 70% to about 80% of the total energy.
- the high fat diet is characterized by being carbohydrate limited, ie a carbohydrate limited high fat diet.
- the carbohydrate-limited high-fat diet of the present invention is characterized by limiting carbohydrates to about 30 g or less per day.
- the carbohydrate restriction includes, for example, those of about 60 to about 70 g / day, but it is not desired to be bound by theory, but further improvement of the prognosis is expected by further limiting this amount. From this, it is understood that the therapeutic effect can be increased more than before.
- the saccharide restriction during the introduction phase may be further limited to be less than about 20 g / day, more preferably less than about 10 g / day.
- the carbohydrate limit (carbohydrate intake) has the characteristic of gradually relaxing from a strict limit (eg, about 10 g / day or less) in the initial amount, it is about 10 g / day ⁇ about 20 g / day. It is not limited to day ⁇ about 30 g / day. Accordingly, the initial introduction amount can be started, for example, from about 5 to about 15 g / day or around ( ⁇ about 5 g / day) in some cases, and in the second stage, about 15 to about 25 g / day or around ( ⁇ About 5 g / day), and in the last maintenance phase it can be continued at about 25 to about 35 g / day or around ( ⁇ about 10 g / day).
- a strict limit eg, about 10 g / day or less
- a sugar-limited high-fat diet is composed of monosaccharides such as glucose (glucose), fructose (fructose), galactose, maltose (malt sugar), sucrose ( Sucrose), lactose (lactose) and other disaccharides, or starches (amylose, amylopectin), glycogen, polysaccharides such as dextrin, or any combination thereof.
- the carbohydrate-restricted high fat diet does not include glucose or glucose-based polysaccharides.
- the carbohydrate restricted high fat diet preferably includes lactose (lactose).
- lactose lactose
- lactose is included in a carbohydrate-limited high-fat diet, for example, about 10% or more, about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more of total carbohydrates , about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more is lactose, and preferably all carbohydrates are lactose.
- a composition for treating cancer, or a combination thereof, comprising a carbohydrate restricted diet comprising a carbohydrate restricted diet.
- a carbohydrate-restricted diet refers to a diet that consumes less sugar than a normal diet.
- a carbohydrate-restricted diet is limited to about 30 g or less of carbohydrate per day.
- the carbohydrate restricted diet comprises about 0% (w / w) to about 15% (w / w) carbohydrate.
- the composition of the present invention or a combination thereof is not limited to the above carbohydrate intake and may have any of the features described above or below.
- composition containing MCT oil in yet another aspect, a composition for treating cancer comprising a medium chain fatty acid oil (MCT oil) is provided.
- MCT oil composed of fatty acids having from about 8 to about 10 carbon atoms and / or greater than or equal to about 30% (w / w).
- the composition of the present invention may have any of the features described above or below.
- the high-fat diet, carbohydrate-restricted diet or carbohydrate-restricted high-fat diet of the present invention has a daily calorie intake of about 20 kcal / kg body weight or more (standard body weight of 50 kg and about 1000 kcal or more).
- a daily calorie intake of about 20 kcal / kg body weight or more (standard body weight of 50 kg and about 1000 kcal or more).
- the high fat diet, carbohydrate restricted diet or carbohydrate restricted high fat diet of the present invention comprises a ketone formula (Meiji 817-B; Meiji Co., Ltd.) or a modification thereof (eg, carbohydrate and / or protein). Further reductions (eg, ⁇ 5%, ⁇ about 10%, ⁇ about 15%, ⁇ about 20%, ⁇ about 25% for each component independently) are provided. Therefore, the present invention provides a ketone formula (or a composition having an equivalent composition) or a modification thereof for treating cancer.
- the high fat diet, carbohydrate restricted diet or carbohydrate restricted high fat diet of the present invention comprises a medium chain fatty acid oil.
- a medium chain fatty acid oil any medium chain fatty acid oil used in this field can be used, but typically a fatty acid having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 8 to 12 carbon atoms. Or those composed of fatty acids having 8 to 10 carbon atoms can be used.
- Nisshin MCT oil & powder and extra virgin coconut oil sold by Nisshin Oilio can be used.
- a high fat diet It can be a medium chain fatty acid oil (MCT oil).
- MCT oil medium chain fatty acid oil
- about 10% to about 90%, about 20% to about 80%, about 30% to about 80%, or about 40% to about 70% of the fat in the high fat diet Preferably, about 50% to about 60% is medium chain fatty acid oil (MCT oil).
- a modified Atkins diet can be used, for example, 1) For the first week, calories are set to 30 kcal / kg body weight based on the real body weight, aiming at no lipid restriction, no protein restriction, and 10 g or less of carbohydrates. 50kg daily calorie 1500kcal, fat 140g: protein 60g: carbohydrate 10g ratio (ketone ratio (lipid / (protein + carbohydrate)) is 2: 1), other nutrients can be consumed without restriction, necessary trace amount Elements and vitamins can be appropriately taken by using supplements and the like. The period can be expanded and contracted as appropriate, and may be several days to several weeks.
- the acetoacetic acid is 500 ⁇ mol / L or more and ⁇ -hydroxybutyric acid is not more than 1000 ⁇ mol / L, and if possible, acetoacetic acid is 1000 ⁇ mol / L or more and ⁇ -hydroxybutyric acid is 2000 ⁇ mol / L or more.
- the daily intake of carbohydrate is 20 g or less, the daily calorie is 1400 to 1600 kcal, the lipid is 120 to 140 g: the protein is 70 g: the carbohydrate is 20 g, and the ketone ratio is 2: 1 to 1: 1.
- MCT oil and ketone formula use MCT oil and ketone formula. The period can be expanded or contracted as appropriate, and may be slightly longer or shorter than 2 weeks, or may be slightly shifted in the 3rd month (a shift of 1, 2 or several weeks is allowed).
- the high fat diet, carbohydrate restricted diet or carbohydrate restricted high fat diet of the present invention may be combined with other treatments.
- Such other treatments may include surgical therapy, chemotherapy or radiation therapy or combinations thereof.
- the high-fat diet, carbohydrate-restricted diet or carbohydrate-restricted high-fat diet of the present invention also has the ability to assist existing cancer treatments. Therefore, it can be additionally performed on patients who have already been treated.
- the present invention provides a composition for enhancing the effect of cancer treatment or a combination thereof, including a high fat diet, a carbohydrate restricted diet or a carbohydrate restricted high fat diet.
- the high-fat diet, carbohydrate-restricted diet or carbohydrate-restricted high-fat diet provided by the present invention is a combination of various modules, it is not only provided as a composition in a narrow sense or a combination thereof, It is understood that the ingredients (individual food) are provided as a kit or combination.
- the present invention provides a food composition or a combination thereof for treating cancer comprising a high fat diet, a carbohydrate restricted diet or a carbohydrate restricted high fat diet.
- the composition or combination of the present invention is provided as a food product.
- “food” refers to a natural product containing one or more nutrients and processed products thereof, and includes all foods and drinks, for example, a lunch box, a set of meals provided as a restaurant or lunch.
- Food can be used in the sense of including feed when used for mammals other than humans. Examples of food include, but are not limited to, frozen foods, dairy products, chilled foods, nutritional foods, liquid foods, nursing foods, and beverages.
- the food composition or combination thereof may be provided by a gastrostomy. This is because end-stage cancer patients may be unable or difficult to take food orally.
- the food composition or combination thereof in the present invention may be prepared by adding MCT oil and / or ketone formula. It is possible to carry out the diet of the present invention by providing a food composition or a combination thereof in which the nutrient composition is adjusted in advance.
- the food composition of the present invention or a combination thereof may have any of the features described above or below herein.
- composition of the present invention or a combination thereof can be provided as a pharmaceutical, or as a supplement or a quasi-drug in Japan. Dietary deficiencies can be supplemented with supplements or quasi drugs. For example, in a high fat diet, the missing fat can be additionally consumed by supplements. In the case of a supplement containing fat, the fat contained is preferably a medium chain fatty acid. In certain embodiments, the compositions or combinations of the present invention are preferably provided as a medicament. The compositions of the present invention or combinations thereof may have any of the features described above or below herein.
- the cancer targeted by the present invention is any cancer, and can be any cancer, even a patient who has or has not been treated, and the type of cancer. Is not particularly limited. Moreover, the stage and classification of cancer are not particularly limited. Therefore, the present invention is effective for cancers of the types and stages that have been conventionally difficult to treat, and has a favorable prognosis, even for cancers of the types and stages that have been difficult or impossible to achieve. Significant in that we were able to achieve remission. In particular, it can be said to be remarkable in that it can also target stage IV cancer such as stage IV, metastatic or advanced cancer, or refractory cancer. For example, non-small cell lung malignancies can be treated, and patients have been demonstrated to be in remission.
- stage IV cancer such as stage IV, metastatic or advanced cancer, or refractory cancer.
- non-small cell lung malignancies can be treated, and patients have been demonstrated to be in remission.
- the target patient can be the target in any state, it is preferable that the patient has a performance status (PS) of 2 or less. This is because it is a patient who can perform normal diet therapy without any problems. Also, in a preferred embodiment, it is advantageous that the subject patient does not have diabetes. This is because diabetics need to restrict carbohydrates separately.
- the cancer treatment of the present invention can be used in combination by appropriately restricting the carbohydrate to cope with diabetes. Diabetes patients were excluded in the intended clinical trial because safety was given priority when they were submitted to the Ethics Committee, and even if carbohydrates were restricted, carbohydrates were supplied from muscles and liver. Since it has been confirmed that hypoglycemia does not occur, it can be carried out even in diabetic patients.
- the target patient that can be used in the present invention can include any mammal, for example, rodents such as mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits such as rabbits, pigs, cows, goats, horses. And ungulates such as sheep, cats such as dogs and cats, primates such as humans, monkeys, rhesus monkeys, cynomolgus monkeys, marmosets, orangutans and chimpanzees.
- the mammal is preferably a rodent (such as a mouse) or a primate (such as a human), more preferably a primate, and even more preferably a human.
- the present invention is a diet therapy, it is taken orally, but in some cases, it may be taken by drip, gastrostomy or the like.
- the composition or combination of the present invention can also be provided as an infusion.
- the intake frequency is usually taken in three times a day, but it is understood that it may be taken twice or once a day, and conversely it may be 4 or 5 times.
- separate prescriptions are given during the introduction period (usually the first week), the transition period (usually 2 weeks to 3 months), and the maintenance period (usually after 3 months). It may be changed or the same.
- the present invention also provides treatment or prevention of a target disease (for example, cancer) using the present invention (for example, a step of ingesting a high-fat diet, a carbohydrate-restricted diet or a carbohydrate-restricted high-fat diet).
- a target disease for example, cancer
- a target disease for example, cancer
- a carbohydrate-restricted diet for example, a carbohydrate-restricted high-fat diet
- Providing a method for In an embodiment of the present invention in a method for treating or preventing cancer, ingesting a high fat diet, a carbohydrate restricted diet or a carbohydrate restricted high fat diet can be assumed to be performed alone, Usually, other cancer treatments, such as surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy (anticancer agents), or any combination thereof, called three major treatments (for chemotherapy, one or more (Including treatment with cancer drugs). Accordingly, when performed in combination with such other anti-cancer treatments, the treatment of the present invention may be referred to as supportive therapy
- the method of the present invention includes the step of ingesting the above-described high fat diet, carbohydrate restricted diet or carbohydrate restricted high fat diet.
- Other preferred embodiments can be appropriately applied in the method of the present invention.
- a typical diet is as follows.
- the target is about acetoacetic acid about 1000 ⁇ 200 ⁇ mol / L or more and ⁇ -hydroxybutyric acid about 2000 ⁇ 400 ⁇ mol / L or more.
- the daily intake of carbohydrate is about 40 g or less, the daily calorie is about 1200 to about 2000 kcal, the lipid is about 90 to 170 g: the protein is about 45 to 95 g: the carbohydrate is about 10 to 40 g, and the ketone ratio is about 2: 1 to Providing a meal with MCT oil, a ketone formula, preferably with a target of about 1: 1; and 3) from the third month onwards, if the end of (2) is shifted to the third month, it will naturally shift . ),
- the daily intake of carbohydrate is about 30 g or less / day, the daily intake is about 75 g or less, preferably 30 g or less, and the other includes the step of providing a meal according to 2).
- the daily calorie intake does not fall below the basal metabolic rate.
- the basal metabolic rate can be calculated based on the real weight of the subject patient using a calculation formula known in the art. For example, according to the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare: Japanese dietary intake standard (2015 version), it is 21.5 kcal / kg body weight / day for men over 50 years old and 21.5 kcal / kg body weight / day for women over 50 years old However, it is 24.0 kcal / kg bw / day for men aged 18-29 and 22.1 kcal / kg bw / day for women aged 18-29.
- the modified Atkins method example includes the following steps: 1) Calories of about 30 kcal / kg body weight based on real body weight, no lipid restriction, no protein restriction, carbohydrates of about 10 g or less for the first about one week (the period can be expanded and contracted as appropriate from several days)
- the body weight is 50 kg and the daily calorie is about 1500 kcal
- the lipid is about 140 g: the protein is about 60 g: the carbohydrate is about 10 g (the ketone ratio (lipid / (protein + Carbohydrates)) is about 2: about 1), other nutrients can be taken without restriction, and necessary trace elements and vitamins are taken as needed by using supplements; 2) About 2 weeks to about 3 months (The period can be expanded and contracted as appropriate, about 2 weeks may be slightly changed, and the 3rd month may be slightly shifted (about 1 week, 2 weeks or several In this case, guidance is given so that the acetoacetic acid is not lower than about 500 ⁇ mol / L and ⁇ -
- the daily intake of carbohydrate is about 20 g or less, the daily calorie is about 1400 to about 1600 kcal, the lipid is about 120 to about 140 g: the protein is about 70 g: the carbohydrate is about 20 g, and the ketone ratio is about 2: 1 to about 1: A step of providing a meal with MCT oil and a ketone formula with 1 as a target; and 3) If the end of (2) after the third month is shifted from the third month, it will be shifted naturally. ), The daily intake of carbohydrate is about 10 g / day, the daily intake is about 30 g or less, and the other includes the step of providing a meal according to 2).
- X to Y indicating a range means “X or more and Y or less”. “About” indicates a significant figure unless otherwise specified. References such as scientific literature, patents and patent applications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety to the same extent as if each was specifically described.
- Example 1 The usefulness of the ketone formula for cancer was evaluated using a colon 26 cell transplantation tumor bearing model using mice.
- Colon 7 cells (5 ⁇ 10 5 cells), a colon cancer cell line, were transplanted subcutaneously to the side of 30 7-week-old male CDF1 mice. After transplantation, the mice were divided into 10 control groups and KF group (ketone formula group). The control group received purified animal feed AIN-93G, and the KF group received a ketone formula for 21 days after colon 26 cell transplantation.
- KF group KF group
- the control group received purified animal feed AIN-93G
- the KF group received a ketone formula for 21 days after colon 26 cell transplantation.
- 817-B provided by Meiji Co., Ltd. was used.
- the composition of ketone formula (817-B) is shown in Table 2A below.
- the energy balance of the main components of each sample is shown in Table 2B.
- the tumor weight on the 21st day after Colon26 cell transplantation was 1.69 ⁇ 0.25 g in the control group, whereas the tumor weight in the KF group was 1.33 ⁇ 0.16 g, which was significantly reduced compared to the control group (p. ⁇ 0.01) ( Figure 1). Moreover, regarding the tumor removal body weight obtained by subtracting the tumor weight from the body weight, the tumor removal body weight of the KF group was significantly higher than that of the control group (FIG. 2).
- Example 2 The effect of increasing the ketone body by medium-chain fatty acid oil was verified.
- Have 3 healthy adults take a ketone formula or a placebo formula (a composition equivalent to a ketone formula and all lipids are long-chain fatty acid oils and fats (not including medium-chain fatty acid oils)).
- a ketone formula or a placebo formula a composition equivalent to a ketone formula and all lipids are long-chain fatty acid oils and fats (not including medium-chain fatty acid oils)
- FIG. 6 placebo formula
- Target patients were selected according to the following criteria.
- Adaptation criteria Patients with non-small cell lung malignancies diagnosed by excision specimens or biopsy pathology, targeting Stage IV, PS2 or lower.
- the patient and family members agree to continue dieting (exclusion criteria) Cancer patients who cannot be ingested or patients with PS3 or higher cancer patients who have diabetes (Evaluation item) The following evaluation items were evaluated for the selected patients.
- Ketone diet Guidance of low-carbohydrate high-fat diet, evaluation of continuation rate
- QOL score EORTCQLQ-C30
- Change in digestive system symptom score GSRS (4) Transition of clinical laboratory values: The following were measured: Various tumor markers General biochemistry (hs-CRP, TG, T.Chol, LDL-C, HDL-C, TP, ALB, Cr, BUN, AST, ALT, ALP, ⁇ -GTP, blood glucose, IRI, HbA1c) Blood ketone body fraction WBC fraction, Hb, Ht, platelet count Inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF- ⁇ ) (5) Image evaluation by PET-CT before and after the introduction of a ketone diet (6) Comprehensive analysis of mRNA derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using next-generation sequencers (eg, commercially available sequencers such as Roche 454, Illumina, etc.) (Detailed in Example 3) (Ab
- Ketone diet also called Ketogenic Diet, lipids 75-80%
- Ketone diet has been administered to pediatric epilepsy patients for a long time, and its safety has been confirmed, so it is described in the 2010 edition COCHRANE LIBRARY.
- the policy was also incorporated for reference.
- nausea, malaise, hypoglycemia, etc. may be temporarily observed in the early stage of introduction, it has been confirmed that it can be sufficiently dealt with.
- a certain percentage of patients may not be able to continue a ketogenic diet due to taste issues. These issues can be addressed in collaboration with the nutrition management office.
- the survival days are the days as of August 31, 2015 for surviving cases.
- FIG. 7 to 10 show blood data of three cases (cases 1, 3 and 4) of this example.
- FIG. 7 shows the time course (up to 12 months) of glucose, insulin, 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (1,5-AG), and HbA1C.
- FIG. 8 shows total cholesterol (T-cho), triglyceride (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) HDL-C from the lower left.
- FIG. 9 shows static blood acetoacetic acid, and the lower part shows static blood ⁇ H butyric acid.
- FIG. 10 shows uric acid (UA), and the lower part shows C-reactive protein (CRP).
- U uric acid
- Non-small cell lung cancer stage IV (Treatment course) In July 2011, an abnormal chest shadow was pointed out, and left lower lobectomy was performed on October 18 of the same year because of lung cancer.
- Non-small cell lung cancer adenocarcinoma, pT2aNOMO, pStage IB
- UFT400 oral use of UFT400
- a 7cm-sized tumor was found in the left temporal lobe, and the left temporal lobe was removed.
- Diagnosis was adenocarcinoma.
- ⁇ blood indicators glucose, insulin, 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (1,5-AG), HbA1C, total cholesterol (T-cho), triglyceride (TG), HDL cholesterol (lower left) HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-C, uric acid (UA), and C-reactive protein (CRP) remained unchanged during the ketogenic diet (Fig. 7- 10).
- FIG. 12 shows PET-CT photographs of Case 1 before and after the treatment of the present invention.
- an irregular mass about 3 cm in size was observed on the left lung S6 center before treatment, but the known tumor on the left lung S6 center was slightly reduced after treatment. It is considered that the activity is maintained by FDG accumulation (SUVmax: previous 2.4 ⁇ current 2.8).
- FDG accumulation SVGmax: previous 2.4 ⁇ current 2.8
- the left pleural effusion, the left pleura, and the interlobar pleura are widely augmented with FDG accumulation, and the nodules observed in contact with the interlobar pleura are slightly enlarged from the previous time and are observed to be accompanied by FDG accumulation.
- Example 3 DNA microarray analysis was performed using RNA derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with non-small cell lung malignancy.
- RNA was extracted from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 3 cases (2 CR cases and 1 PD case) into which a ketone diet was introduced in Example 2, and the total RNA was analyzed before the ketone diet treatment and one year after the ketone diet treatment.
- RNA extraction was performed using the QIAGEN RNeasy mini kit.
- Gene expression analysis was performed using an Agilent Expression Array (SurePrint G3 Human Gene Expression 8x60K v3), and after normalizing the array data, a variable gene was extracted.
- CR2 cases Two cases (CR2 cases) in which ketogenic diet treatment was effective were set A, and one case (PD1 case) in which the effect of the ketogenic diet was not achieved but reached remission was set B. It was classified into the following groups.
- Example 4 Verification in other cases: example of recurrent breast cancer It was verified whether another cancer patient would also succeed.
- the carbohydrate-restricted high-fat diet of the present invention was given to patients with recurrent breast cancer for 3 months.
- the protocol was in accordance with Example 2.
- the results obtained are as follows.
- the data is the same as in FIGS. Data on three tumor markers are also included.
- W represents a week and M represents a month.
- CEA, CA15-3 and NCC-ST-439 are tumor markers.
- the tumor marker is markedly reduced only by applying the initial (introduction phase) treatment, and the cancer is also markedly improved in the findings. It was done.
- the diet of the present invention is effective regardless of other anticancer treatments. This suggests that the results of Example 2 are also taken into consideration, and it is suggested that the introduction of diet therapy alone also works.
- Example 5 Verification in other cases
- the same carbohydrate-limited high-fat diet as in Example 2 was performed on cancer patients other than Examples 2 and 4 (Case 8, Case 11, and Case 12). Evaluation items were recorded and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 2. Table 12 shows information on each case.
- Cases 7 and 10 were cases where the ketone diet was not introduced, and the prognosis was poor. Case 9 was also an example that did not lead to the introduction of a ketone diet, and died 130 days after obtaining the IC.
- Table 13 shows data on the ketone body, sugar metabolism, lipid, QOL, gastrointestinal symptoms, and tumor markers in case 8.
- FIG. 13 shows CT images of case 8 before and after the introduction of the ketone diet.
- Table 14 shows data on blood ketone bodies, sugar metabolism, lipid, QOL, GSRS, and tumor markers in case 11.
- 14 to 16 show PET-CT images of case 11 before and after the introduction of the ketone diet.
- Table 15 shows data on the ketone body, sugar metabolism, lipid, QOL, GSRS, and tumor marker in case 12. 17 to 19 show PET-CT images of case 12 before and after the introduction of the ketone diet.
- lung cancer 2 cases endometrial cancer recurrence 1 case, bladder cancer recurrence 1 case, ovarian cancer recurrence 2 cases 1 case, and peritoneal cancer recurrence 4 cases 1 case.
- 1 case was nauseous, and 1 case was transformed from adenocarcinoma to small cell carcinoma during treatment and discontinued.
- One case of bladder cancer was discontinued due to adverse events associated with other cancer treatments. In the case of discontinued bladder cancer, the subject died shortly thereafter. The prognosis is also very poor in the 2 cases of lung cancer that were discontinued.
- These untreated groups can be evaluated as comparative examples. There were 3 cases that could be evaluated as examples.
- ketogenic diet therapy is safely performed even in cancer patients other than lung cancer and breast cancer, suggesting the possibility of prolonging life.
- ketogenic diet was not introduced (2 cases of lung cancer and 1 recurrence of bladder cancer)
- the improvement observed in cases where ketogenic diet was introduced was not observed.
- Table 16 shows the results of evaluation indices of blood ketone bodies, QOL, and tumor markers in two cases showing CR and PR by introduction of a ketogenic diet. As shown, the number of ketone bodies is significantly increased, and it is understood that the tumor marker is significantly improved or suppresses the increase.
- Case 6 The following patients have also introduced a ketogenic diet and are getting good results.
- Case 13 Rectal cancer, multiple liver metastases Female 29 years old Survival 199 days
- Case 14 Recurrence after operation of bladder cancer
- Case 15 Left labial adenoid cystic cancer, bone metastasis Male 46 years Survival 71 days (Surviving days are the number of surviving days as of 09/01/2016 from IC acquisition)
- the present invention provides utility in the field of cancer treatment and in the diet therapy industry.
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Abstract
Description
(項目1)
高脂肪食を含む、がんを処置するための組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目2)
前記高脂肪食は、脂肪を、実質体重50kgを基準とした場合に1日あたり約120g以上、または1日の総エネルギーの約70%以上とすることを特徴とする、項目1に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目3)
前記高脂肪食は糖質制限されていることを特徴とする、項目1または2に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目4)
前記高脂肪食は、炭水化物を1日30g以下に制限することを特徴とする、項目3に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目5)
前記高脂肪食は、一日摂取カロリーを20kcal/kg体重以上とすることを特徴とする、項目1~4のいずれか1項に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目6)
前記高脂肪食は、約60%(w/w)以上の脂肪を含む、項目1~5のいずれか1項に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目7)
前記高脂肪食は、約0%(w/w)~約15%(w/w)の炭水化物を含む、項目6に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目8)
前記高脂肪食は、約10%(w/w)~約20%(w/w)のタンパク質を含む、項目6または7に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目9)
中鎖脂肪酸油(MCTオイル)を含む、項目1~8のいずれか1項に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目10)
前記高脂肪食は、約25%(w/w)~約40%(w/w)の長鎖脂肪酸油、約35%(w/w)~約50%(w/w)の中鎖脂肪酸油(MCTオイル)、約0%(w/w)~約15%(w/w)の炭水化物、および約10%(w/w)~約20%(w/w)のタンパク質を含む、項目6~9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目11)
前記高脂肪食はケトンフォーミュラを含む、項目6~10のいずれか1項に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目12)
前記中鎖脂肪酸油は炭素数8~11の脂肪酸で構成される、項目9に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目13)
前記炭水化物は乳糖を含む、項目7~12のいずれか1項に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目14)
他の治療と組み合わされることを特徴とする、項目1~13のいずれか1項に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目15)
前記他の治療は、手術療法、化学療法もしくは放射線療法またはそれらの組合せを含む、項目14に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目16)
前記がんは、非小細胞性肺悪性腫瘍、乳がん、子宮体がん、卵巣がん、および腹膜がんからなる群から選択される、項目1~15のいずれか1項に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目17)
前記高脂肪食は、修正アトキンス食であって、該修正アトキンス食は、
1)最初の一週間は、実質体重を50kgを基準とした場合、1日カロリー約1500kcal、脂質約140g:タンパク質的約60g:炭水化物約10gの比率で提供され、
2)2週目~3か月目では、炭水化物の1日摂取量は約20g以下とし、1日カロリー約1400~約1600kcal、脂質約120~約140g:タンパク質約70g:炭水化物約20gの比率で提供され、
3)3か月目以降は、炭水化物の1回摂取量は、約10g/回として、1日摂取量は約30g以下とし、その他は、2)に準じて提供される
ことを特徴とする、項目1~15のいずれか1項に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目18)
前記修正アトキンス食は、ケトンフォーミュラおよび/またはMCTオイルで提供される、項目17に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目19)
前記がんの患者は、パフォーマンスステータス(PS)2以下である、項目1~18のいずれか1項に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目20)
前記がんの患者は糖尿病を合併していない、項目1~19のいずれか1項に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目21)
高脂肪食を含む、がん治療の効果を強化するための組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目22)
前記組成物またはその組合せは食品である、項目1~21のいずれか1項に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目23)
前記食品は、冷凍食品、乳製品、チルド食品、栄養食品、流動食、介護食、および飲料からなる群から選択される、項目22に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目A1)
約60%(w/w)以上、または総エネルギーの約75%以上の脂肪を含む、がんを処置するための組成物。
(項目A2)
約0%(w/w)~約15%(w/w)の炭水化物を含む、項目A1に記載の組成物。
(項目A3)
約5%(w/w)~約40%(w/w)、または総エネルギーの2%~25%のタンパク質を含む、項目A1またはA2に記載の組成物。
(項目A4)
前記脂肪のうち約30%(w/w)以上がMCTオイルである、項目A1~A3のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
(項目A5)
前記炭水化物が乳糖を含む、項目A1~A4のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
(項目A6)
ケトンフォーミュラで構成される、項目A1~A5のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
(項目A7)
前記組成物は食品である、項目A1~A6のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
(項目B1)
糖質制限食を含む、がんを処置するための組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目B2)
前記糖質制限食は、炭水化物を1日30g以下に制限することを特徴とする、項目B1に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目B3)
前記糖質制限食は、約0%(w/w)~約15%(w/w)の炭水化物を含む、項目B1またはB2に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目B4)
前記炭水化物が乳糖を含む、項目B1~B3のいずれか1項に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目B5)
前記組成物またはその組合せは食品である、項目B1~B4のいずれか1項に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
(項目C1)
中鎖脂肪酸油(MCTオイル)を含む、がんを処置するための組成物。
(項目C2)
前記MCTオイルは炭素数8~10の脂肪酸で構成される、項目C1に記載の組成物。
(項目C3)
約30%(w/w)以上のMCTオイルを含む、項目1または2に記載の組成物。
(項目C4)
前記組成物は食品である、項目C1~C3のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
(項目D1)
がんを処置するための高脂肪食による食事療法であって、
該高脂肪食は、修正アトキンス食であって、該修正アトキンス食は、
1)最初の一週間は、実質体重を50kgを基準とした場合、1日カロリー約1500kcal、脂質約140g:タンパク質的約60g:炭水化物約10gの比率で提供する工程、
2)2週目~3か月目では、炭水化物の1日摂取量は約20g以下とし、1日カロリー約1400~約1600kcal、脂質約120~約140g:タンパク質約70g:炭水化物約20gの比率で提供する工程、および
3)3か月目以降は、炭水化物の1回摂取量は、約10g/回として、1日摂取量は約30g以下とし、その他は、2)に準じて提供する工程
を含む、食事療法。
原発腫瘍(T:tumor=腫瘍):
T0=腫瘍なし(固まりを作っていない)
T1~T4=がんの大きさ、浸潤の程度により、各臓器別に分類
リンパ節転移(N:lymphnodes=リンパ節):
N0=リンパ節転移なし
N1~N4=リンパ節転移の程度により、各臓器別に分類
遠隔転移(M:metastasis=転移):
M0=遠隔転移なし
M1=遠隔転移あり
で分類できる。そして、TNM分類をもとに、癌の進行度と広がりの程度を、一度に表わすことが出来るように作られたのがステージ分類であり、本明細書でも、ステージ分類を進行度の指標として利用することができる。臨床に沿った分類であるので、邦訳では臨床進行期分類、といも言われる。
以下に本発明の好ましい実施形態を説明する。以下に提供される実施形態は、本発明のよりよい理解のために提供されるものであり、本発明の範囲は以下の記載に限定されるべきでないことが理解される。従って、当業者は、本明細書中の記載を参酌して、本発明の範囲内で適宜改変を行うことができることは明らかである。また、本発明の以下の実施形態は単独でも使用されあるいはそれらを組み合わせて使用することができることが理解される。
1つの局面において、本発明は、高脂肪食を含む、がんを処置するための組成物またはその組合せを提供する。本発明では、高脂肪食を導入することによって、従来寛解がきわめて困難であった末期がんを含む広い範囲の種類および進行度のがんを治療することができ、場合によっては寛解まで達成することができる。
別の局面では、糖質制限食を含む、がんを処置するための組成物またはその組合せを提供する。糖質制限食は、通常の食事よりも糖質の摂取が少ない食事をいう。例えば、糖質制限食は、炭水化物を1日約30g以下に制限されている。または、糖質制限食は、約0%(w/w)~約15%(w/w)の炭水化物を含む。本発明の組成物またはその組合せは、上記炭水化物の摂取量に限定されず、上記または下記に示される任意の特徴を有し得る。
さらに別の局面では、中鎖脂肪酸油(MCTオイル)を含む、がんを処置するための組成物を提供する。例えば、本発明の組成物は、MCTオイルが炭素数約8~約10の脂肪酸で構成され、および/または約30%(w/w)以上のMCTオイルを含む。本発明の組成物は、上記または下記に示される任意の特徴を有し得る。
さらに好ましい実施形態では、本発明の高脂肪食、糖質制限食または糖質制限高脂肪食は、一日摂取カロリーを約20kcal/kg体重以上(標準体重50kgで約1000kcal以上)とすることを特徴とする。理論に束縛されることは望まないが、低カロリー(例えば、標準体重50kgで約600kcal/日)を回避することで、予後を改善することができるからである。したがって、20kcal/kg体重/日以下でも例えば、約14kcal/kg体重/日以上、約16kcal/kg体重/日以上、約18kcal/kg体重/日以上等でも、場合によっては利用することができる、あるいは、好ましくは、約22kcal/kg体重/日以上であってもよく、約24kcal/kg体重/日以上、約26kcal/kg体重/日以上、約28kcal/kg体重/日以上等であってもよく、代表例では、約30kcal/kg体重/日が利用され得る。
好ましい実施形態では、本発明の高脂肪食、糖質制限食または糖質制限高脂肪食はケトンフォーミュラ(明治817-B;株式会社明治)またはその改変物(例えば、糖質および/またはタンパク質をさらに低減したもの(例えば、各成分について独立して±約5%、±約10%、±約15%、±約20%、±約25%変更したもの))により提供される。したがって、本発明は、がんを処置するためのケトンフォーミュラ(もしくはそれと同等の組成を有する組成物)またはその改変物を提供する。
1)最初の1週間は、カロリーは実質体重をもとに30kcal/kg体重とし、脂質制限なし、タンパク質制限なし、炭水化物10g以下を目標とし、具体的には、導入初期には、実質体重を50kgとして1日カロリー1500kcal、脂質140g:タンパク質的60g:炭水化物10gの比率(ケトン比(脂質/(タンパク質+炭水化物))は2:1)し、その他の栄養素は制限なく摂取可能とし、必要な微量元素やビタミンはサプリメントなどの使用で適宜摂取する処置を行うことができる。期間は、適宜伸縮することができ数日から数週間にしてもよい。
別の局面では、本発明は、高脂肪食、糖質制限食または糖質制限高脂肪食を含む、がんを処置するための食品組成物またはその組合せを提供する。1つの実施形態では、本発明の組成物または組合せは、食品として提供される。本明細書において、「食品」とは、栄養素を1種以上含む天然物及びその加工品をいい、あらゆる飲食物を含み、例えば弁当の形態やレストランや給食として提供される一式の食事形態を含む。「食品」は、ヒト以外の哺乳動物を対象として使用される場合には、飼料を含む意味で用いることができる。食品としては、例えば、冷凍食品、乳製品、チルド食品、栄養食品、流動食、介護食、飲料などが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。別の実施形態では、食品組成物またはその組合せは、胃瘻(いろう)により提供される場合がある。末期がん患者が、食物を経口摂取することが不可能または困難な場合があるからである。本発明における食品組成物またはその組合せは、MCTオイルおよび/またはケトンフォーミュラを添加することにより調製されてもよい。あらかじめ栄養素の組成が調整された食品組成物またはその組合せを提供することにより、本発明の食事療法を実施することが可能である。本発明の食品組成物またはその組合せは、本明細書中上記または下記に記載される任意の特徴を有するものであり得る。
別の局面では、本発明の組成物またはその組合せは、医薬品として提供されるほか、サプリメントまたは日本国での医薬部外品として提供され得る。食事療法で不足した分の栄養素をサプリメントまたは医薬部外品で補うことが可能である。例えば、高脂肪食において、不足した脂肪をサプリメントにより追加的に摂取することができる。脂肪を含むサプリメントの場合、含まれる脂肪は中鎖脂肪酸であるのが好ましい。特定の実施形態では、本願発明の組成物または組合せは、医薬品として提供されることが好ましい。本発明の組成物またはその組合せは、本明細書において上記または下記に記載される任意の特徴を有するものであり得る。
2)約2週目~約3か月目(期間は、適宜伸縮することができ約2週間を少し前後してもよく、3カ月目も多少前後ずれてもよい(1、2週間または数週間のずれ程度は許容される))において、血中ケトン体の値を参考に、アセト酢酸約500±100μmol/L以上、βヒドロキシ酪酸約1000±200μmol/L以下にならないように指導し、可能であれば、アセト酢酸約1000±200μmol/L以上、βヒドロキシ酪酸約2000±400μmol/L以上を目標にする。炭水化物の1日摂取量は約40g以下とし、1日カロリー約1200~約2000kcal、脂質約90~170g:タンパク質約45~95g:炭水化物約10~40gの比率とし、ケトン比は約2:1~約1:1を目標として、好ましくは、MCTオイル、ケトンフォーミュラで食事を提供する工程;ならびに
3)3か月目以降(2)の終期が3カ月目がずれた場合は自ずからずれることになる。)において、炭水化物の1回摂取量を約30g以下/日として、1日摂取量を約75g以下、望ましくは30g以下とし、その他は、2)に準じて食事を提供する工程を包含する。
1)実質体重をもとに約30kcal/kg体重のカロリーで、脂質制限なし、タンパク質制限なし、炭水化物約10g以下で食事を最初の約1週間(期間は、適宜伸縮することができ数日から数週間にしてもよい)摂取させる工程であって、好ましくは、実質体重を50kgとして1日カロリー約1500kcal、脂質約140g:タンパク質的約60g:炭水化物約10gの比率(ケトン比(脂質/(タンパク質+炭水化物))は約2:約1)とし、その他の栄養素は制限なく摂取可能とし、必要な微量元素やビタミンはサプリメントなどの使用で適宜摂取する工程;
2)約2週目~約3か月目(期間は、適宜伸縮することができ約2週間を少し前後してもよく、3カ月目も多少前後ずれてもよい(1、2週間または数週間のずれ程度は許容される))において、血中ケトン体の値を参考に、アセト酢酸約500μmol/L以上、βヒドロキシ酪酸約1000μmol/L以下にならないように指導し、可能であれば、アセト酢酸約1000μmol/L以上、βヒドロキシ酪酸約2000μmol/L以上を目標にする。炭水化物の1日摂取量は約20g以下とし、1日カロリー約1400~約1600kcal、脂質約120~約140g:タンパク質約70g:炭水化物約20gの比率とし、ケトン比は約2:1~約1:1を目標として、好ましくは、MCTオイル、ケトンフォーミュラで食事を提供する工程;ならびに
3)3か月目以降(2)の終期が3カ月目がずれた場合は自ずからずれることになる。)において、炭水化物の1回摂取量を約10g/日として、1日摂取量を約30g以下とし、その他は、2)に準じて食事を提供する工程を包含する。
マウスを用いたColon26細胞移植担癌モデルを用いて、癌に対するケトンフォーミュラの有用性について評価した。
7週齢の雄性CDF1マウス30匹に、大腸(結腸)癌細胞株であるColon26細胞(5x105個)を脇の皮下に移植した。移植後、マウスを各群10匹の対照群およびKF群(ケトンフォーミュラ群)に分けた。対照群には、動物用の精製飼料AIN-93G、KF群にはケトンフォーミュラを、Colon26細胞移植後から21日間与えた。ケトンフォーミュラは、株式会社明治により提供される817-Bを使用した。ケトンフォーミュラ(817-B)の組成は、以下の表2Aに示す。各試料の主要成分のエネルギーバランスを表2Bに示す。
Colon26細胞移植後21日目の腫瘍重量は、対照群は1.69±0.25gであったのに対し、KF群の腫瘍重量は1.33±0.16gであり、対照群に対して有意に減少した(p<0.01)(図1)。また、体重から腫瘍重量を除いた除腫瘍体重に関しては、KF群の除腫瘍体重は対照群に対して有意に高かった(図2)。また、動物にケトン食(糖質制限高脂肪食)を与えた場合には摂取エネルギー量が減少することが、一般的に知られているが、本実施例では、KF群は対照群と比べて総摂取熱量に差はなく、摂取エネルギー量が維持された(図3)。血中ケトン体濃度は、KF群の血中ケトン体濃度は、対照群に対しては有意に高かった(図4)。さらに、血中の炎症性サイトカイン(IL-6)濃度が、対照群に比べてKF群で有意に抑制されることが明らかになった(図5)。以上のことから、ケトンフォーミュラは、血中のケトン体濃度を有効的に上昇させ、炎症性サイトカインを抑制させ、さらに総摂取エネルギーや除腫瘍体重を減らすことなく腫瘍を縮小させることが判明した。
中鎖脂肪酸油脂によるケトン体の上昇効果の検証を行った。健常成人3名に対してケトンフォーミュラまたはプラセボフォーミュラ(ケトンフォーミュラと同等の組成で脂質が全て長鎖脂肪酸油脂である(中鎖脂肪酸油脂を含まない)組成物)を摂取してもらい、摂取後の血中ケトン体濃度を測定したところ、プラセボフォーミュラよりもケトンフォーミュラで、血中ケトン体濃度の上昇が確認された(図6)。ケトンフォーミュラがケトン食の中で特にケトン体を上昇させることが、動物だけでなくヒトにおいても判明した。また、脂質として中鎖脂肪酸を利用することが、ケトン体の上昇効果を得るのに望ましいと考えられる。
切除標本や生検による病理により診断された非小細胞性の肺悪性腫瘍患者で、Stage IV、PS2以下を対象とする。
患者本人ならびに家族が食事療法を継続することを了承していること
(除外基準)
経口摂取不可能な癌患者、または、PS3以上の癌患者
糖尿病を合併している患者
(評価項目)
選抜した患者について、以下の評価項目を評価した。
(1)ケトン食:低炭水化物高脂肪食の指導、継続率の評価
(2)癌治療のQOLスコアの推移:EORTCQLQ-C30
(3)消化器症状スコアの推移:GSRS
(4)臨床検査値の推移:以下を測定した:
各種腫瘍マーカー
一般生化学(hs-CRP、T.G.、T.Chol、LDL-C、HDL-C、TP、ALB、Cr、BUN、AST、ALT、ALP、γ-GTP、血糖、IRI、HbA1c)
血中ケトン体分画
WBC分画、Hb、Ht、血小板数
炎症性サイトカイン(IL-6、TNF-α)
(5)ケトン食導入前後でのPET-CTによる画像評価
(6)次世代シークエンサー(例えば、ロシュ454、Illumina等の市販のシークエンサーを利用する。)による末梢血単核球由来のmRNAの網羅解析(実施例3において詳述)
(ケトン食導入について)
ケトン食としては、修正アトキンス食を指導する。その詳細は以下のとおりであった。
ケトン比(脂質/(タンパク質+炭水化物))は2:1を目標とした。その他の栄養素は制限なく摂取可能とした。必要な微量元素やビタミンはサプリメントなどの使用で適宜摂取する。初めは、栄養管理室が作成したメニューに沿った食事を準備した。
2)2週目~3か月目では、血中ケトン体の値を参考に、炭水化物の1日摂取量は20g以下とし、1日カロリー1400~1600kcal、脂質120~140g:タンパク質70g:炭水化物20gの比率とし、ケトン比は2:1~1:1を目標とする。カロリー補給に際しては、MCTオイル(日清オイリオ)、ケトンフォーミュラ(明治)を使用した。
3)3か月目以降は、炭水化物の1回摂取量は、10g/日として、1日摂取量は30g以下とし、その他は、2)に準じた。
導入にしては、一時的な低血糖、嘔気、倦怠感などが出現することを説明し、実際の栄養学的な指導は、栄養士の指導の下行った。調理対象者は、栄養指導に同席して行った。
実際に対象とした患者は5人であり、以下の表に評価項目とともにまとめる。なお、生存日数は、生存症例については2015年8月31日現在の日数である。
症例 56歳 女性、 診断名 肺腺癌(stage IV)
現病歴:2012年6月、受診。肺腺癌(stage IV, EGFR遺伝子変異陽性)と診断された。同年7月下旬より、抗がん剤治療を開始。
(本発明の食事療法の開始前の治療経過)
2012年7月から同年11月まで、カルボプラチン+ペメトレキセド+ベバシズマブを6コース施行し、胸水貯留は改善
2012年12月から2013年2月まで、ペメトレキセド+ベバシズマブを4コース施行
2013年初旬より、CEA上昇見られ、癌の補助療法を希望2013年3月4日から、本発明のケトン食による癌の補助療法を開始
2013年6月13日頭部MRIで、脳転移が認められ(5mm)、γ-ナイフで消失、現在も再発なし
同時期より、タルセバ開始
当院ではケトン食介入中止。
2013年8月8日人参養栄湯を処方。
2013年10月3日よりメトグルコ(メトホルミン塩酸塩)処方
2014年1月肺の原発巣の手術
2014年4月より、人参養栄湯・クレストール(ロスバスタチン)・ロトリガ(オメガ-3脂肪酸エチル)を処方され、経過観察中
2014年5月末、ケトン食介入1年後の診察
仕事は変わらずできており、体重は変わらず、45kg前後で、食事について、夕食は糖質を控えており、オリーブ油・ココナッツオイル等、油は摂るように心がけているとの報告がされ、聴取結果から本発明の食事療法が継続されていると判断された。
症例 73歳 女性、 診断名 肺腺癌(stage IV)
(治療経過)
2012年11月、胸部CTで、間質性肺炎・多発肺結節を認め、原発性肺癌が疑われた
2012年12月、プレドニゾロン5mg サラゾスルファピリジン(アザルフィジン)500mgで経過観察
2013年3月、胸部CTにおいて、間質性肺炎・膠原病肺炎・左肺尖部結節は変化なし、左肺S10の結節はわずかながら増大
2013年4月、気管支鏡目的で入院左B1+2bにてキュレッティング3回施行、肺腺癌と診断
2013年5月、PET-CTにおいて、左肺・直腸・頸椎に集積あり、左S10CTGB目的にて入院、EGFR遺伝子変異検査にてL858Rの変異が陽性
2013年9月、本発明のケトン食による癌の補助療法を検討したが同意撤回
2013年11月、ゲフィチニブ(イレッサ)250mg内服開始
2014年5月、イレッサの副作用はでていないことから内服継続
2014年6月、貯水貯留コントロールを目的に入院
2014年8月、入院し8kg体重減少(50kg→42kg)、同年10月(41kg)
2015年2月23日 永眠される。
症例 65歳 男性、 診断名 左上葉原発肺腺癌(胸膜播種stage IV)
(治療経過)
2011年6月27日、開胸手術を行ったところ、胸膜播種を認め化学療法導入
2011年8月、シスプラチン+ペメトレキサド(アリムタ)導入、その後、ペメトレキサド単剤で維持療法20コースを施行
2013年2月、CEA上昇と胸膜播種より、ドセタキセル(タキソテール)治療を開始
2013年9月4日、本発明のケトン食療法を開始
2013年11月、末梢神経障害が出現、抗がん剤を中止
2013年12月、メトホルミン、人参養栄湯追加処方
2014年3月、癌性胸膜炎と診断、ロスバスタチン・ピオグリタゾン・EPA製剤を追加処方
2014年6月、人参養栄湯増量、ロスバスタチン一旦中止、アムロジピン5mg内服開始
2014年7月、パクリタキセル+カルボプラチン+ベバシズマブ4コース目
2014年8月、退院
2014年9月、ベバシズマブ単剤の治療
2014年10月、アバスチン単剤の治療、ケトン食は糖質30g制限
2014年11月、ベバシズマブ単剤の治療
2014年12月、CEA上横ばいとしてベバシズマブ継続、オリーブオイル、マクトンオイル、ケトン食継続
2015年1月、ベバシズマブ中止、カルベジロール(アーチスト)2.5mg、アスピリン100mg、ニトロールR 20mgで経過観察
2015年2月、入院、TS-1開始
2015年6月、ビノレルビン(ナベルピン)開始するも、同年6月22日で中止
2015年7月24日、ゲムシタビン(ジェムザール)開始、温熱治療8回
2015年9月29日、ゲムシタビン4回目で終了
2015年11月、骨シンチ7箇所転移、抗RANKL抗体(ランマーク)開始、脳MRIより脳転移確認、γナイフは使用せず
2015年11/17からエルロチニブ(タルセバ)150mg朝1回開始
2016年1月7日よりニボルマブ(オプジーボ)投与開始、計4回投与
2016年3月11日、脳部MRI脳梗塞と診断、呂律が回らないなどの症状
2016年4月、腸間膜転移絶食状態
2016年5月3日、永眠される
症例 52歳 女性、 診断名 非小細胞肺癌(stage IV)
(治療経過)
2011年7月、胸部異常陰影を指摘、肺癌のため同年10月18日に左下葉切除術を施行、非小細胞肺癌(腺癌,pT2aNOMO,pStage IB)と診断
2011年12月、UFT400の内服を開始
2013年7月、左側頭葉に7cm大の腫瘤が認められ、左側頭葉腫瘤摘出術を施行、腺癌と診断
2013年9月、EGFR遺伝子変異を認め、エルロチニブ(タルセバ)100mgの内服開始、頭部MRIで局所再発を認めており、城山病院にてγ-ナイフを施行
2014年2月、本発明のケトン食療法を開始
2014年3月、尿酸値が急上昇、アロプリノール(ザイロリック)処方
2014年5月、ケトン食介入3ヶ月後の評価、PET-CTにおいて、再発・転移を示唆する異常集積なし、コレステロール高値のためロスバスタチン(クレストール)追加処方
2014年7月、ケトン食介入4ヶ月後、糖質制限30gにて代謝系データ問題なし、アロプリノール、ロスバスタチン継続
2014年8月、ケトン食介入5ヶ月後、糖質制限30g、アロプリノールからフェブキソスタットに変更、エルロチニブの湿疹が頭部にみられる
2014年10月、ケトン食介入7ヶ月後、糖質制限30g、フェブキソスタットで続行
2015年2月、ケトン食介入1年後、糖質制限30g、PET-CTにおいて再発・転移を示唆する異常集積なし、
2016年2月、ケトン食介入2年後、糖質制限30g、PET-CTにおいて左廃部リンパ集積やや増強傾向
2016年4月、ケトン食介入2年2か月後、糖質制限30g、エルロチニブ処方
2016年6月、ケトン食介入2年4か月後、糖質制限30g、エルロチニブ処方
2016年8月、ケトン食介入2年4か月後、糖質制限30g、エルロチニブ処方。
症例 46歳 男性、 診断名 非小細胞肺癌(腺癌、stage IV)
(治療経過)
2010年6月、右上肺野の腫瘤影を指摘、肺癌(腺癌、右S1原発、T1bNOMO、stage Ib)との診断、同年8月17日上葉切除、(ND2a、T3NOM1a、Stage IV(肺尖部に肺内転移、胸膜播種)
2010年9月、CBDCA+PACを3コース施行、CEAは3.0まで低下し、一旦終了
2011年7月、胸部CTにて数ミリの肺内転移が多発していることを確認
2011年9月、PEM単剤2コース施行
2012年5月、ゲフィチニブ(イレッサ)開始
2012年9月、はすみワクチン併用
2013年8月、CEA 150となりPET・CT施行被包化胸水が認められる、肋骨左頸部リンパ節転移
2013年10月、ゲフィチニブ、はすみワクチン終了
2013年10月から2014年2月、CBDCA 500mg+PAC 300mg+Bev1000mgを5コース施行、
2014年3月14日から同年4月26日、右上位椎体と肋骨の関節周囲の軟部組織に対し、放射線照射を開始、計60Gyにて終了
2014年7月、ケトン食療法を予定していたが、胃腸の調子が悪く、嘔吐などもあり、介入一旦中止
2014年12月7日、永眠される。
2013年1月より開始し、2015年3月までに5例のインフォームドコンセントを取得した。男性2名、女性3名、平均年齢58.4土10.1歳、身長161.4±9.7cm、体重55.1±10.4kg、BMI20.9±1.5の全例肺腺癌stage lV、4例で化学療法、2例で放射線療法の施行歴があった。1例が同意撤回、1例は胃部不快感によりケトン食は導入せず、3例に導入した。食事指導に加えてMCTオイル、ケトンフォーミュラを使用することにより、血中ケトン体は、1か月でアセト酢酸986.6±453.3μmol/L、βH酪酸2298土1270.4μmol/Lまで上昇し、想定された低血糖、嘔気、倦怠感などは認めず、3か月での全身状態スケール11.7±9.6→61.1±9.6、GSRSスコア1.64±0.42→l.24±0.15と改善傾向を示した。3か月でのPET-CTでは、1例で一部縮小、2例では変化を認めなかった(図12)。1例は3か月評価後、頭部の転移を認め、ケトン食を離脱したが、γナイフで腫瘍の消失、エルロチニプ投与で原発巣の縮小を認め、手術にてCRとなった。1例は、エルロチニプ継続、1例は複数の化学療法を併用し、優先日当時3例とも生存しており、出願日の時点でも2例生存している。しかしながら本発明の食事療法を受けなかった症例2人は残念ながら生存できなかった。
以上実施例2の結果から、本発明の食事療法を受けた症例3人とも寛解または顕著な治癒を見せた一方で、本発明の食事療法を受けなかった症例2人は残念ながら生存できなかった。したがって、本発明の食事療法は同様のコントロールに比較して顕著にがんに対する効果があることが分かり、QOLも顕著に改善したことが分かる。既存の癌治療は、外科的切除、化学療法、放射線治療であり、肺癌や膵癌などは化学療法による治療効果は十分とはいえない状況である。これらの進行癌に対して、ケトン食が、生命予後を改善する可能性が示されたことから、癌患者における有効な食事療法の開発が可能と考えられる。
次に、本実施例の5症例についてカプランマイヤー法により生存率の評価を行った。肺がん患者5症例のうち、ケトン食事療法を行わない2例と行った3例について、生存曲線(3年)をプロットし、解析法としてlog-rank testを使用した。この曲線は、ケトン食による生存率の改善効果を、治療後の生存期間の延びで確認するものである。グラフの下には、0日目(コホートに入った時点、200日、400日、600日、800日、1000日、1200日目における、ケトン食のあるなしでの死亡する可能性のある生存被験者数を記載している。統計学的有意かどうかを検定したところ、p<0.05(0.038)で有意に生存期間が延長していることが判明した。この結果から、ケトン食投与群では生命予後の改善が見られたといえ(図11)、本発明の食事療法に有意な効果があることが判明した。
本実施例では、非小細胞性肺悪性腫瘍患者の末梢血単核球由来のRNAを用いて、DNAマイクロアレイ解析を行った。
実施例2においてケトン食を導入した3例(CR2例、PD1例)の末梢血単核球からRNAを抽出し、ケトン食治療前、ケトン食治療1年後のtotal RNAを解析した。RNA抽出は、QIAGEN RNeasyミニキットを使用して行った。Agilent Expression Array(SurePrint G3 Human Gene Expression 8x60K v3)を用いて遺伝子発現解析を行い、アレイデータを正規化後、変動遺伝子の抽出を行った。
比較するチップ間のシグナル値の平均値が同じ値になるように、スケーリングを以下の手順に従って行った。
1)コントロール遺伝子群の除去:「ControlType]で「0」を選択
2)gProceedSignalの上位、下位それぞれ2%、計4%を除いたプローブのトリムシグナル平均値を計算
3)scaling factorの計算
scaling factor=target signal定数(2500)÷それぞれのアレイのトリムシグナル平均値
4)scaling factorを個々のプローブシグナル値に掛けてシグナル値を計算(gScale Signal)
上記フィルタリングで得られた有効プローブに対してSET Aの平均シグナル値を算出した後、SET毎に下記条件:
発現比=log2(比較群/対照群)
で対照と比較した発現比の算出をした。得られた発現比を用いていずれかのSETで発現比±2倍以上かつ発現差(シグナル値の変動幅)100以上を示すプローブ群を抽出した。
・2倍以上(Log2Ratioの場合:1)以上:Up
・1/2倍以下(Log2Ratioの場合:-1)以下:Down
・それ以外:No change
シグナル値の算出およびスケーリングをおこなった後に、フィルタリングにより32447遺伝子を除外し、28454遺伝子を抽出した。Ratio>=±2かつDifferential>=100を示すプローブ群1115を抽出し、27339遺伝子を除外した。変動が2倍以上をUp、1/2倍以下をDown、それ以外をNo changeとして、CRを示した2症例をSet A、PDを示した症例をSet Bとし、それぞれの反応パターンを組み合わせて、8グループに分類した。KEGG pathway頻度解析にて、Group1(Set A Up/Set B Up)HIV-I infection p=0369, telomerase reverse transcriptase, Group 4(Set A No change/Set B Up)Non-small cell lung cancer p=0.0121, PI3-kinase, Group 7 (Set A Down/ Set B no change)NF-kappa B signaling pathway, p<0.0001, TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-8, Group 8(Set A Down/Set B Down)Nitrogen metabolism, p=0.0049, carbonic anhydrase Iなどの遺伝子群が検出された。特にSet Aでは有意に減少したが、Set Bでは変化しなかったGroup7では、NFκBシグナル伝達経路に関与する炎症性マーカーが分類された。
Group4では、CRの症例では変化なかったが、PDの症例では、糖質を極端に減らしても、インスリンシグナルに関係するPI3キナーゼが機能していることが示された。これは、癌の増殖に、インスリンに依存しないインスリンシグナルの活性化が関与していることを示唆している。重要なことに、Group7からわかるように、肺癌患者において、ケトン食治療に著効を示した患者群においては、炎症関連遺伝子が改善し、PD症例では、炎症関連遺伝子の改善がみられなかったことから、ケトン食治療では抗炎症効果を示すことにより、病態が改善し、抗腫瘍効果を発揮する可能性が示唆された。この結果は、実施例1において、ケトンフォーミュラを与えたマウスにおいて炎症性サイトカインが抑制されたことと一貫している。
別のがん患者でも奏功するかを検証した。
本実施例では、実施例2および4以外のがん患者(症例8、症例11および症例12)に、実施例2と同様の糖質制限高脂肪食を実施した。評価項目も実施例2と同様に記録して評価した。表12に、各症例の情報を示す。
(症例8)
症例 65歳 女性
診断名 子宮体癌(stage IIIa)
(治療経過)
2014年7月:子宮全摘+両側付属器摘除+骨盤リンパ節郭清+傍大動脈リンパ節郭清+ダグラス窩腹膜剥離 術施行、
術後は化学療法(TAC療法)4コースを施行
T=ドセタキセル(タキソテール)
A=ドキソルビシン塩酸塩(アドリアマイシン)
C=シクロホスファミド
2014年12月:化学療法6コース終了
2015年3月:自家癌ワクチン 2週間に3回予定
2015年3月から7月:レトロネクチン誘導Tリンパ球療法 2週に1回
2015年9月:ケトン食導入開始
症例 56歳 女性
診断名 卵巣癌(stage IIc)
(治療経過)
2003年10月:卵巣癌(stage IIc)と診断
2003年11月:単純子宮全摘術+両側附属器切除術+骨盤内リンパ節切除、傍大動脈リンパ節+汎大網切除術+虫垂切除術を施行
2011年11月:卵巣癌再発
2011年12月:腹式腫瘍摘出術+低位前方切除術+小腸部分切除術
2011年1月から8月:TC療法6コース施行
2015年9月:卵巣癌再再発と診断される
2015年10月:TC療法開始
2015年11月:ケトン食導入開始
2016年4月:腫瘍切除術+低位前方切除術+DJカテーテル留置、癌が完全切除される、現在もケトン食は継続中
症例 50歳 女性
診断名 腹膜癌(stage IIIa)
(治療経過)
2011年1月:腹膜癌(stage IIIa)と診断、同年2月から8月まで、TC6コースを施行
2012年7月:肝S7に肝転移、TC6コースを施行
2014年8月:肝転移、多発リンパ節再発、Doxil+CBCDA 7コースを施行
2015年7月:再再発
2015年11月:ケトン食導入開始
表13に症例8の血中ケトン体、糖代謝、脂質、QOL、消化器症状、および腫瘍マーカーに関するデータを示している。図13は、ケトン食導入前と導入後の症例8のCTの画像を示している。表14に症例11の血中ケトン体、糖代謝、脂質、QOL、GSRSおよび腫瘍マーカーに関するデータを示している。図14~16は、ケトン食導入前と導入後の症例11のPET-CTの画像を示している。表15に症例12の血中ケトン体、糖代謝、脂質、QOL、GSRS、および腫瘍マーカーに関するデータを示している。図17~19は、ケトン食導入前と導入後の症例12のPET-CTの画像を示している。
以下の患者でもケトン食導入を行い、好成績を上げつつある。
症例13:直腸癌、多発肝転移 女性 29歳 生存日数199日
症例14:膀胱癌術後再発 男性 71歳 生存日数80日
症例15:左口唇腺様嚢胞癌、骨転移 男性 46歳 生存日数71日
(生存日数は、IC取得から2016/09/01現在の生存日数)
Claims (10)
- 高脂肪食を含む、がんを処置するための組成物またはその組合せ。
- 前記高脂肪食は、脂肪を、実質体重50kgを基準とした場合に1日あたり約120g以上、または1日の総エネルギーの約70%以上とすることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
- 前記高脂肪食は糖質制限されていることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
- 前記高脂肪食は、炭水化物を1日30g以下に制限することを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
- 前記高脂肪食は、一日摂取カロリーを20kcal/kg体重以上とすることを特徴とする、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の組成物またはその組合せ。
- 約60%(w/w)以上、または総エネルギーの約75%以上の脂肪を含む、がんを処置するための組成物。
- 約0%(w/w)~約15%(w/w)の炭水化物を含む、請求項6に記載の組成物。
- 約5%(w/w)~約40%(w/w)、または総エネルギーの2%~25%のタンパク質を含む、請求項6または7に記載の組成物。
- 前記脂肪のうち約30%(w/w)以上がMCTオイルである、請求項6~8のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記炭水化物が乳糖を含む、請求項6~9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
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| JP2017537556A JP7120564B2 (ja) | 2015-09-04 | 2016-09-02 | 癌における食事療法の開発 |
| US15/747,800 US10675262B2 (en) | 2015-09-04 | 2016-09-02 | Development of dietary therapy in cancer |
| CA2993773A CA2993773A1 (en) | 2015-09-04 | 2016-09-02 | Development of dietary therapy in cancer |
| HK18105553.8A HK1246152A1 (zh) | 2015-09-04 | 2016-09-02 | 癌症的饮食疗法开发 |
| EP16841134.6A EP3360572A4 (en) | 2015-09-04 | 2016-09-02 | DEVELOPMENT OF DIETETIC THERAPY IN CANCER |
| SG11201800657VA SG11201800657VA (en) | 2015-09-04 | 2016-09-02 | Development of dietary therapy in cancer |
| CN201680047453.7A CN107921133A (zh) | 2015-09-04 | 2016-09-02 | 癌症的饮食疗法开发 |
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| JP2015175198 | 2015-09-04 | ||
| JP2015-175198 | 2015-09-04 |
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| US (1) | US10675262B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP3360572A4 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JP7120564B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN107921133A (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2993773A1 (ja) |
| HK (1) | HK1246152A1 (ja) |
| SG (1) | SG11201800657VA (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2017038101A1 (ja) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2018186481A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-06 | 2018-10-11 | 株式会社明治 | ケトン食の有効状態のモニタリング装置 |
| JP2018179960A (ja) * | 2017-04-06 | 2018-11-15 | 株式会社明治 | ケトン食の有効状態のモニタリング装置 |
| WO2018230487A1 (ja) * | 2017-06-12 | 2018-12-20 | 株式会社明治 | 消化管症状を抑制するための組成物及び方法 |
| WO2019022149A1 (ja) * | 2017-07-26 | 2019-01-31 | 株式会社明治 | ケトン体生成促進剤 |
| WO2019059349A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-22 | 2019-03-28 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | 癌ケトン食治療におけるバイオマーカーの開発 |
| WO2019139032A1 (ja) * | 2018-01-12 | 2019-07-18 | 株式会社 明治 | 癌患者筋肉量減少抑制組成物 |
| WO2021060430A1 (ja) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-04-01 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | 慢性腎疾患の改善用糖質制限高脂肪食 |
| JP2021101721A (ja) * | 2015-09-04 | 2021-07-15 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | 癌における食事療法の開発 |
| JP2023528588A (ja) * | 2020-06-01 | 2023-07-05 | ガンブロ・ルンディア・エービー | 体外血液治療のためのシステムおよび方法 |
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| US20200147112A1 (en) * | 2018-10-04 | 2020-05-14 | Meiji Co., Ltd. | Diet therapy of intractable cancer and medical diet suitable therefor |
| AU2020246928B2 (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2025-05-15 | Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. | Methods using administration of medium chain triglycerides (MCT) prior to a meal to increase ketone production from the MCTs |
| IT201900009954A1 (it) * | 2019-06-24 | 2020-12-24 | Fondazione Irccs Istituto Naz Dei Tumori | Preparazione alimentare a basso contenuto calorico per l’alimentazione di pazienti affetti da neoplasie |
| CA3164450A1 (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2021-06-24 | Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. | Pet food compositions |
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2016
- 2016-09-02 CN CN201680047453.7A patent/CN107921133A/zh active Pending
- 2016-09-02 CA CA2993773A patent/CA2993773A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-09-02 WO PCT/JP2016/004023 patent/WO2017038101A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2016-09-02 US US15/747,800 patent/US10675262B2/en active Active
- 2016-09-02 HK HK18105553.8A patent/HK1246152A1/zh unknown
- 2016-09-02 EP EP16841134.6A patent/EP3360572A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2021101721A (ja) | 2021-07-15 |
| EP3360572A4 (en) | 2019-04-17 |
| JPWO2017038101A1 (ja) | 2018-06-14 |
| US10675262B2 (en) | 2020-06-09 |
| CN107921133A (zh) | 2018-04-17 |
| CA2993773A1 (en) | 2017-03-09 |
| JP7120564B2 (ja) | 2022-08-17 |
| SG11201800657VA (en) | 2018-02-27 |
| JP7168943B2 (ja) | 2022-11-10 |
| HK1246152A1 (zh) | 2018-09-07 |
| US20180214410A1 (en) | 2018-08-02 |
| EP3360572A1 (en) | 2018-08-15 |
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