WO2017033999A1 - エネルギー生成装置用の制御装置 - Google Patents
エネルギー生成装置用の制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017033999A1 WO2017033999A1 PCT/JP2016/074826 JP2016074826W WO2017033999A1 WO 2017033999 A1 WO2017033999 A1 WO 2017033999A1 JP 2016074826 W JP2016074826 W JP 2016074826W WO 2017033999 A1 WO2017033999 A1 WO 2017033999A1
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- adjustment unit
- osmosis membrane
- water
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/002—Forward osmosis or direct osmosis
- B01D61/0024—Controlling or regulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/06—Energy recovery
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/12—Controlling or regulating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/008—Control or steering systems not provided for elsewhere in subclass C02F
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/008—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for characterised by the actuating element
- F03G7/015—Actuators using the difference in osmotic pressure between fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/027—Control or monitoring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/14—Pressure control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/16—Flow or flux control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/24—Quality control
- B01D2311/246—Concentration control
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/445—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by forward osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/005—Processes using a programmable logic controller [PLC]
- C02F2209/006—Processes using a programmable logic controller [PLC] comprising a software program or a logic diagram
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/40—Liquid flow rate
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a control device for an energy generating device that generates energy using a forward osmosis membrane.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a forward osmosis membrane
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating an osmosis phenomenon in the forward osmosis membrane.
- the forward osmosis membrane 100 includes a salt water passage 102 that is supplied with salt water and allows salt water to pass therethrough, and a fresh water passage 101 that is supplied with fresh water and allows fresh water to pass therethrough. Salt water is supplied to the salt water passage 102. Similarly, fresh water is supplied to the fresh water passage 101.
- the forward osmosis membrane 100 includes a separation membrane 103, and fresh water permeates from the fresh water passage 101 into the salt water passage 102 through the separation membrane 103 as indicated by an arrow in FIG. 12.
- the salt water passage 102 side generates mixed water in which the permeated fresh water is added in addition to the supplied salt water.
- the salt water passage 102 side has a higher pressure than the fresh water passage 101 side.
- the mixed water is one in which the amount of water is increased by fresh water while maintaining a high pressure of salt water.
- fresh water that has not been permeated passes through the fresh water passage 101 side as it is and flows out as non-permeated water. This unpermeated water may be released.
- the mixed water has the same high pressure as the supplied salt water. As fresh water has permeated, high pressure water is increased, thereby generating energy. For example, mixed water with a relatively increased amount of water can generate power or operate a machine. That is, energy can be generated.
- the amount of water in the mixed water is larger than that in the salt water at the stage of being supplied to the salt water passage 102.
- This difference in the amount of water is the energy obtained from the mixed water obtained from the forward osmosis membrane 100. That is, the energy obtained based on the water amount difference is energy newly generated by the mixed water.
- the forward osmosis membrane 100 can generate higher energy than the stage of only salt water by the mixed water generated by the osmosis phenomenon.
- the energy generated by the mixed water in the forward osmosis membrane 100 can be used for various purposes. For example, if mixed water is used for rotation of a turbine, electric power can be generated. That is, the difference in the amount of energy due to the difference in flow rate between the salt water before supply and the mixed water is the energy generated in the forward osmosis membrane 100, and a new amount of electric power can be generated with this generated energy.
- the difference in the energy amount due to the difference in flow rate can cause a new operation. That is, the energy generation device using the forward osmosis membrane 100 can generate energy with a difference corresponding to power generation, mechanical operation, and the like.
- the forward osmosis membrane 100 can thus be used as an energy generation device.
- an energy generating device using the forward osmosis membrane 100 has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the energy obtained by the energy generating device using the forward osmosis membrane 100 is based on the flow rate difference between the salt water before being supplied to the forward osmosis membrane 100 and the mixed water. This is because if there is no flow rate difference, there is no difference from the energy amount of the original salt water, and it cannot be said that new energy is generated.
- the pure energy amount obtained by the energy generator is an amount obtained by subtracting the use energy from the energy when the mixed water is changed to energy. Even if the amount of energy obtained from the mixed water is large, if the energy used is too large, the meaning of the energy generation device using the forward osmosis membrane 100 will be lost.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a semipermeable membrane 13, a high-concentration water compartment 14 to which concentrated seawater generated when seawater is desalinated in a seawater desalination plant 31, and a low-concentration water compartment 15 to which seawater is supplied.
- a semi-permeable membrane device 12 having a generator 16 that rotates the turbine 17 to generate electric power.
- a solute 20 for further increasing the osmotic pressure is added to the concentrated seawater supplied to the high-concentration water compartment 14.
- An osmotic pressure power generation system including a high osmotic solution regeneration device 21 that recovers solute 20 contained in concentrated seawater after rotating a turbine 17 and makes it reusable in a high concentration water section 14 is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a permeation device 2 having a seawater flow path 31 and a fresh water flow path 41 formed on both sides of a semipermeable membrane 1, a seawater supply channel 32 and a seawater drainage channel 33 communicated with the seawater flow channel 31.
- a water turbine generator 8 that is provided in the channel 33 and rotates and generates power by the flow of seawater drainage
- the permeation for maintaining and adjusting the amount of permeation that permeates from the freshwater channel 31 into the seawater channel 41 Disclosed is an osmotic pressure power generation system provided with a quantity maintaining and adjusting means.
- Patent Document 1 does not appropriately control the supply of fresh water / salt water, the discharge of non-permeated water / mixed water, and the like in an energy generation apparatus using a forward osmosis membrane.
- the supply of fresh water, the supply of salt water, the discharge of non-permeated water, and the discharge of mixed water are not controlled in association with each other or in order.
- the amount of energy obtained by the energy generation device cannot sufficiently exceed the amount of energy used, and the function as the energy generation device cannot be performed sufficiently.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the power generation amount at the forward osmosis membrane and the fresh water supply pressure.
- the horizontal axis is the fresh water supply pressure
- the vertical axis is the power generation amount, and is proportional to the permeation amount in the forward osmosis membrane.
- the value of power generation increases as the fresh water supply pressure to the forward osmosis membrane increases.
- the proportional straight line in the graph of FIG. 13 indicates the energy used in the energy generating device. The energy used increases almost linearly.
- Patent Document 1 does not consider the relevance or priority of fresh water supply or the like as shown in this graph with other supply or discharge. For this reason, there is a possibility of causing waste of energy beyond the branch point of the graph. This waste may occur during part of the period during which the energy generator is operating.
- the conventional technology has a problem that these controls cannot be performed sufficiently.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a control device for an energy generation device that solves such a problem and performs optimal control without causing an operation problem while eliminating waste of energy.
- a control device for an energy generation device of the present invention is a control device for an energy generation device using a forward osmosis membrane, A first regulator that regulates the release of non-permeated water from the forward osmosis membrane; A second adjustment unit for adjusting the supply of fresh water to the forward osmosis membrane; A third adjustment unit for adjusting the supply of salt water to the forward osmosis membrane; A fourth adjustment unit for adjusting the release of mixed water from the forward osmosis membrane; A control unit that controls the first adjustment unit, the second adjustment unit, the third adjustment unit, and the fourth adjustment unit; The control unit controls the first adjustment unit, the second adjustment unit, the third adjustment unit, and the fourth adjustment unit according to priority.
- the control device for the energy generation device of the present invention can optimize the amount of energy obtained with respect to the energy used in the energy generation device using the forward osmosis membrane. In particular, it is possible to prevent the energy used from becoming larger than the energy that can be obtained.
- control device for the energy generation device of the present invention can reduce the occurrence of inappropriate operation such as runaway or stopping of the operation in the forward osmosis membrane in energy generation using the forward osmosis membrane. As a result, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of an inappropriate situation in energy generation using the mixed water from the forward osmosis membrane.
- Embodiment 1 of this invention It is a block diagram of the control apparatus for energy generation apparatuses in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram of the forward osmosis membrane in Embodiment 1 of this invention. 4 is a timing chart showing output states of first to fourth control signals in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. It is a timing chart of the control signal in Embodiment 1 of this invention. 4 is a timing chart of first to fourth control signals in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. It is a block diagram of the 1st adjustment part in Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a block diagram of the 2nd adjustment part in Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a block diagram of the 3rd adjustment part in Embodiment 2 of this invention.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a forward osmosis membrane
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating an osmosis phenomenon in the forward osmosis membrane. It is a schematic diagram explaining the osmosis
- a control device for an energy generation device is a control device for an energy generation device using a forward osmosis membrane, A first adjustment unit for adjusting the discharge of non-permeated water from the forward osmosis membrane; A second adjustment unit for adjusting the supply of fresh water to the forward osmosis membrane; A third adjustment unit for adjusting the supply of salt water to the forward osmosis membrane; A fourth adjustment unit for adjusting the release of mixed water from the forward osmosis membrane; A control unit that controls the first adjustment unit, the second adjustment unit, the third adjustment unit, and the fourth adjustment unit; The control unit controls the first adjustment unit, the second adjustment unit, the third adjustment unit, and the fourth adjustment unit according to priority.
- This configuration allows the control device to optimize the efficiency of the energy generated relative to the energy used.
- the forward osmosis membrane includes a salt water passage through which salt water supplied by the third adjusting unit passes, and a second adjusting unit Has a fresh water passage through which fresh water is supplied, and generates mixed water by a permeation phenomenon in the forward osmosis membrane.
- This configuration allows mixed water having a flow rate difference to generate energy.
- control unit in addition to the first or second invention, includes: A first control signal for performing adjustment in the first adjustment unit; A second control signal for performing adjustment in the second adjustment unit; A third control signal for performing adjustment in the third adjustment unit; And a fourth control signal for executing the adjustment in the fourth adjustment unit.
- control unit can control the priority order of the first adjustment unit to the fourth adjustment unit by outputting the first control signal and the like.
- the priority is determined by the number of times the control unit outputs during a predetermined time, First control signal ⁇ second control signal ⁇ third control signal ⁇ fourth control signal.
- the priority order of the first adjustment unit to the fourth adjustment unit can be determined according to the number of times the control signal is output.
- the priority is determined by the amount of time output by the control unit during a certain period of time, First control signal ⁇ second control signal ⁇ third control signal ⁇ fourth control signal.
- the priority order of the first to fourth adjustment units can be determined according to the output time amount of the control signal.
- the priority is determined by the frequency output by the control unit during a certain period of time.
- the priority order of the first to fourth adjustment units can be determined according to the output frequency of the control signal.
- the priority order is the order in which the control unit outputs during a certain period of time.
- the order is the first control signal, the second control signal, the third control signal, and the fourth control signal.
- the priority order of the first to fourth adjustment units can be determined according to the order of the control signals.
- the first control signal may cause the discharge of non-permeated water to be substantially constant.
- the first adjusting unit is controlled.
- the first adjustment unit can maintain the discharge of non-permeated water substantially constant.
- the priority of the first adjustment unit is high, it is possible to realize the uniformity of the discharge of the non-permeated water and to optimize the energy generation efficiency.
- the second control signal has a substantially constant supply pressure of fresh water to the forward osmosis membrane.
- the second adjusting unit is controlled as follows.
- the second adjustment unit can make the pressure of the fresh water supply constant.
- the second control unit since the second control unit has the second priority, fresh water supply related to the amount of infiltration is optimized, and energy generation efficiency is increased.
- the second control signal is a second adjustment based on at least one of the discharge amount and discharge pressure of the mixed water. Control part.
- This configuration enables the second adjustment unit to optimize fresh water supply while monitoring the amount of mixed water discharged. As a result, the fresh water supply related to the amount of infiltration is optimized based on the generation of the mixed water, and the energy generation efficiency is increased.
- the third control signal is configured so that the supply of salt water to the forward osmosis membrane is substantially constant.
- the third adjusting unit is controlled as described above.
- the third adjusting unit can stabilize the supply of salt water to the forward osmosis membrane and reduce the influence of energy generation.
- the fourth control signal is configured so that the discharge pressure of the mixed water is substantially constant.
- the fourth adjusting unit is controlled.
- This configuration optimizes energy generation efficiency.
- the fourth control signal may set the discharge pressure of the mixed water to be substantially constant based on the salt concentration of the mixed water.
- the fourth adjustment unit is controlled as described above.
- This configuration makes it possible to keep the discharge pressure of the mixed water constant while keeping the salt concentration of the mixed water constant. As a result, energy generation efficiency can be optimized.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a control device for an energy generation device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- a control device (hereinafter, referred to as “control device”) 1 for an energy generation device in FIG. 1 is used for an energy generation device that generates energy using mixed water generated by a forward osmosis membrane 2.
- the energy generating device takes out energy using the increased pressure of the mixed water obtained in the forward osmosis membrane 2.
- the extracted energy is used in a generator or used in machine operation. That is, the control device 1 is used in an energy generation device that uses the forward osmosis membrane 2.
- the control device 1 includes a first adjustment unit 3, a second adjustment unit 4, a third adjustment unit 5, a fourth adjustment unit 6, and a control unit 7.
- the control unit 7 outputs necessary control signals to the first adjustment unit 3, the second adjustment unit 4, the third adjustment unit 5, and the fourth adjustment unit 6. For this reason, the control part 7 and the 1st adjustment part 2 grade
- the first adjusting unit 3 adjusts the discharge of non-permeated water from the forward osmosis membrane 2.
- the second adjustment unit 4 adjusts the supply of fresh water to the forward osmosis membrane 2.
- the third adjustment unit 5 adjusts the supply of salt water to the forward osmosis membrane 2.
- the fourth adjustment unit 6 adjusts the discharge of the mixed water from the forward osmosis membrane 2.
- the control unit 7 outputs a control signal for controlling the adjusting operation of each adjusting unit to each of the first adjusting unit 3, the second adjusting unit 4, the third adjusting unit 5 and the fourth adjusting unit 6. Furthermore, the control unit 7 controls each of the first adjustment unit 3, the second adjustment unit 4, the third adjustment unit 5, and the fourth adjustment unit 6 according to priority. By controlling according to this priority, the energy generating device can be operated without causing imbalance or waste between the energy used and the energy obtained as in the prior art.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a forward osmosis membrane according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows the function of the forward osmosis membrane 2.
- the forward osmosis membrane 2 includes a separation membrane 23 inside.
- the separation membrane 23 separates the inside of the forward osmosis membrane 2 into a fresh water passage 21 and a salt water passage 22.
- Fresh water is supplied to the fresh water passage 21 via the second adjustment unit 4.
- Salt water is supplied to the salt water passage 22 via the third adjusting unit 5.
- the water in the fresh water passage 21 penetrates into the salt water passage 22 by the function of the separation membrane 23.
- the supplied salt water and fresh water permeated from the separation membrane 23 are supplied to the salt water passage 22.
- mixed water in which the salt water and the permeated fresh water are mixed is generated in the salt water passage 22.
- the salt water passage 22 discharges this mixed water.
- FIG. 2 shows a structure in which the inside of the forward osmosis membrane 2 is divided into a fresh water passage 21 and a salt water passage 22 for easy understanding. However, not only such a structure but also the forward osmosis membrane 2 is shown. A plurality of capillaries are stored therein, and each of the capillaries is a fresh water passage 21 or a salt water passage 22, and the remaining portion of the capillaries inside the forward osmosis membrane is the opposite of the fresh water passage 21 or the salt water passage.
- the structure which is 22 may be sufficient.
- the mixed water has a larger flow rate than the salt water supplied to the forward osmosis membrane 2, and the flow rate that is the difference is provided as additional energy that the mixed water has.
- the first adjustment unit 3 adjusts the non-permeated water released from the forward osmosis membrane 2. For example, the volume, pressure, volume per unit time, and the like of non-permeated water released from the forward osmosis membrane 2 are adjusted.
- the control unit 7 outputs a first control signal for executing the adjustment in the first adjustment unit 3 to the first adjustment unit 3.
- the second adjustment unit 4 adjusts fresh water supplied to the forward osmosis membrane 2.
- a fresh water supply path for supplying fresh water from the outside is connected to the fresh water passage 21 of the forward osmosis membrane 2.
- the 2nd adjustment part 4 adjusts supply of the fresh water in this fresh water supply path.
- the second adjusting unit 4 adjusts the volume, pressure, volume per unit time, and the like of fresh water supplied to the forward osmosis membrane 2.
- the control unit 7 outputs a second control signal for executing the adjustment in the second adjustment unit 4 to the second adjustment unit 4.
- the third adjusting unit 5 adjusts the salt water supplied to the forward osmosis membrane 2.
- a salt water supply path for supplying salt water from the outside is connected to the salt water passage 22 of the forward osmosis membrane 2.
- the 3rd adjustment part 5 adjusts supply of the salt water in this salt water supply path.
- the third adjusting unit 5 adjusts the volume, pressure, volume per unit time, and the like of salt water supplied to the forward osmosis membrane 2.
- the control unit 7 outputs a third control signal for executing the adjustment in the third adjustment unit 5 to the third adjustment unit 5.
- the fourth adjusting unit 6 adjusts the mixed water released from the forward osmosis membrane 2.
- the forward osmosis membrane 2 fresh water permeates from the fresh water passage 21 into the salt water passage 22.
- mixed water in which the permeated fresh water is added to the salt water passage 22 in addition to the supplied salt water is generated.
- the forward osmosis membrane 2 releases this mixed water.
- this mixed water has a flow rate difference from the salt water supplied to the forward osmosis membrane 2, and this flow rate difference can generate energy.
- the 4th adjustment part 6 adjusts the volume at the time of discharging the mixed water which has this flow volume difference, a pressure, the volume per unit time, etc.
- the control unit 7 outputs a fourth control signal for executing the adjustment in the fourth adjustment unit 6.
- the control device 1 controls the first adjustment unit 3 to the fourth adjustment unit 6 using the first control signal, the second control signal, the third control signal, and the fourth control signal from the control unit 7. it can.
- the first adjusting unit 3 to the fourth adjusting unit 6 are controlled with priority.
- the control according to the priority order it is possible to realize energy generation in which the obtained energy is efficient with respect to the energy used.
- control unit 7 controls the first adjustment unit 3 to the fourth adjustment unit 6 with priority (relative to each other) by the first control signal to the fourth control signal.
- priority correlation
- the control unit 7 controls the first adjustment unit 3 to the fourth adjustment unit 6 by outputting the first control signal to the fourth control signal.
- the priority order is determined by the number of times of the first control signal to the fourth control signal output by the control unit 7 during a certain period of time.
- FIG. 3 is a timing chart showing the output states of the first to fourth control signals in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the timing chart of FIG. 3 shows outputs of the first control signal, the second control signal, the third control signal, and the fourth control signal in order from the top.
- the portion where the signal is an upward edge is the output timing of the control signal.
- the first control signal is output most frequently during a certain period of time.
- the second control signal is output many times.
- the third control signal is output many times. The number of times the fourth control signal is output is the smallest.
- control unit 7 determines the priority order of the first control signal to the fourth control signal according to the difference in the number of outputs during a certain time. That is, the control unit 7 determines the priority of adjustment in the first adjustment unit 3 to the fourth adjustment unit 6 according to the difference in the number of outputs in a certain time.
- the control unit 7 can determine the priority order in the order of the first adjustment unit 3, the second adjustment unit 4, the third adjustment unit 5, and the fourth adjustment unit 6 according to the difference in the number of outputs as illustrated in FIG. 3.
- the amount of permeation through the forward osmosis membrane 2 is reduced when the flow rate of unpermeated water is reduced.
- the flow rate of the mixed water obtained varies.
- release of non-permeate water is always substantially constant.
- the discharge amount of non-permeated water is easily influenced by the supply amount of fresh water, and maintaining a constant discharge is very delicate. If the discharge of non-permeated water fluctuates, the superiority of the amount of generated energy over the energy used may be insufficient.
- control unit 7 sets the first priority to adjust the discharge of the mixed water by the first adjustment unit 3. This appears as the number of times of output of the first control signal.
- the adjustment of the fresh water supply in the second adjustment unit 4 causes a change in the amount of permeation (leading to a change in the amount of generated energy obtained) and a change in the energy used. In order to cause these two changes, the adjustment in the second adjustment unit 4 also needs to be delicate.
- control unit 7 sets the second priority to adjust the supply of fresh water by the second adjustment unit 4. This appears as the number of times of output of the second control signal.
- the influence on the energy output is reduced by performing control at an appropriate flow rate. For this reason, it is preferable for optimizing the generated energy that the control of the third adjustment unit 5 that adjusts the salt water supply to the forward osmosis membrane 2 is suppressed more than the control by the first adjustment unit 3 and the second adjustment unit 4. It is.
- control unit 7 sets the third priority to adjust the supply of salt water by the third adjustment unit 5. This appears as the number of outputs of the third control signal.
- the control of the fourth adjustment unit 6 that adjusts the discharge of the mixed water may have a lower priority than the control by other adjustment units.
- control unit 7 sets the fourth priority to adjust the discharge of the mixed water by the fourth adjustment unit 6. This appears as the number of outputs of the fourth control signal.
- the priorities are determined by the amount of time of the first control signal to the fourth control signal output from the control unit 7 during a certain period of time.
- the control unit 7 outputs the first control signal to the fourth control signal to the first adjustment unit 3 to the fourth adjustment unit 6, respectively. As shown in the timing chart of FIG. 3, the control unit 7 outputs each of the first control signal to the fourth control signal over a plurality or a single number of times.
- the amount of output time of the first control signal to the fourth control signal varies depending on the number of times. For example, as shown in the timing chart of FIG. 3, the output time amount may be different depending on the difference in the number of outputs during a certain time. That is, the number of outputs is the first control signal ⁇ second control signal ⁇ third control signal ⁇ fourth control signal, and the output time amount is also the first control signal ⁇ second control signal ⁇ third control signal ⁇ This is the fourth control signal.
- the priority of the control by the control unit 7 to the first adjustment unit 3 to the fourth adjustment unit 6 is as follows: first control signal ⁇ second control signal ⁇ third control signal ⁇ fourth control signal.
- the output time of each control signal may be long.
- FIG. 4 is a timing chart of control signals in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the output time of the first control signal is the longest.
- the output time of the second control signal is long.
- the output time of the third control signal is long.
- the fourth control signal is the shortest. In other words, the output time amount decreases in the order of the first control signal to the fourth control signal during a certain time. Based on this output time amount, the control unit 7 performs control with priority in the order of the first adjustment unit 3 to the fourth adjustment unit 6.
- the priority order is defined by the frequency of the first control signal to the fourth control signal output by the control unit 7 during a certain period of time.
- control unit 7 Similar to the number of times the first control signal to the fourth control signal are output, the control unit 7 has the first control unit 3 and the second control unit 4 because the frequency is the order of the first control signal to the fourth control signal. These can be controlled by the priority order of the third adjusting unit 5 and the fourth adjusting unit 6. As a result, as described above, optimization in energy generation can be realized.
- the output order of the first control signal to the fourth control signal output by the control unit 7 during a predetermined time is: First control signal ⁇ second control signal ⁇ third control signal ⁇ fourth control signal.
- FIG. 5 is a timing chart of the first to fourth control signals according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the control unit 7 outputs the first control signal, the second control signal, the third control signal, and the fourth control signal in this order. Since the output order is as described above during a certain period of time, in the control device 1, the first adjustment unit 3, the second adjustment unit 4, the third adjustment unit 5, and the fourth adjustment unit 6 are arranged in this order. Control is performed.
- control unit 7 controls these in the priority order of the first adjustment unit 3, the second adjustment unit 4, the third adjustment unit 5, and the fourth adjustment unit 6.
- Optimized energy generation can be realized by controlling with this priority order as described above.
- control unit 7 may determine the priority order of the first adjustment unit 3 to the fourth adjustment unit 6 by combining these output count, output time amount, frequency, and output order.
- the priority order may be determined according to other criteria. These are merely examples, and the controller 7 is not limited to this, and can be controlled with priority.
- control device 1 controls the first adjustment unit 3 to the fourth adjustment unit 6 with predetermined relevance and priority, thereby improving the energy generation efficiency in the energy generation device.
- efficiency of energy generation in relation to the energy used can be optimized.
- Embodiment 2 will be described.
- the relationship between each adjustment unit and each control signal will be described.
- the first adjustment unit 3 adjusts the discharge of non-permeated water from the forward osmosis membrane 2. As described in the first embodiment, the control in the first adjustment unit 3 has a high priority.
- the first control signal controls the first adjusting unit 3.
- the first control signal output from the control unit 7 controls the operation in the first adjustment unit 3.
- the 1st adjustment part 3 is provided with the control valve 31 like FIG. 6, for example.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the first adjustment unit according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the control valve 31 can adjust the release state of the non-permeated water from the forward osmosis membrane 2 by changing its open state (may be closed) based on the first control signal.
- the control valve 31 adjusts the discharge amount of the non-permeated water to be substantially constant. That is, the first control signal controls the control valve 31 of the first adjustment unit 3 so that the amount of unpermeated water discharged is substantially constant.
- the first control signal controls the discharge amount of the non-permeated water to be substantially constant, so that the waste of energy used due to the change in the flow rate can be reduced. As a result, the generation efficiency of the generated energy with respect to the used energy can be improved.
- the control valve 31 can be adjusted so that the amount of unpermeated water discharged is substantially constant by changing its open state.
- the first control signal may be constantly input to control the discharge of the non-permeated water, or may be input at regular intervals to control the discharge of the non-permeated water.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the second adjustment unit according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the second adjustment unit 4 adjusts the supply of fresh water to the forward osmosis membrane 2.
- the second control signal is a signal for controlling the second adjusting unit 4.
- the second adjusting unit 4 includes a control valve 41 inside.
- the second control signal controls the operation of the control valve 41.
- the second control signal adjusts the control valve 41 so that the supply pressure of fresh water to the forward osmosis membrane 2 is substantially constant.
- the second adjusting unit 4 can adjust the supply pressure of fresh water to the forward osmosis membrane 2 to be substantially constant.
- Fresh water supplied to the forward osmosis membrane 2 is greatly involved in changes in the amount of permeation through the forward osmosis membrane 2. Furthermore, it greatly affects the amount of energy used in the supply of fresh water. For this reason, since the supply pressure of the fresh water supplied to the forward osmosis membrane 2 is kept substantially constant, it is possible to reduce the change in the amount of permeation and to prevent an increase in use energy.
- the second control signal adjusts the second adjustment unit 4 based on at least one of the discharge amount and discharge pressure of the mixed water.
- the mixed water is discharged through the fourth adjusting unit 6 and used for energy generation.
- the discharge amount or discharge pressure of this mixed water occurs, it is necessary to adjust the fresh water supply. This is because the supply of fresh water to the forward osmosis membrane 2 needs to be adjusted in order to obtain mixed water having a sufficient flow rate difference.
- the third control signal controls the third adjustment unit 5 so that the supply of salt water to the forward osmosis membrane 2 is substantially constant.
- the supply amount of salt water to the forward osmosis membrane 2 is controlled so as to be a constant level.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the third adjustment unit according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the third adjustment unit 5 has a control valve 51.
- the third control signal realizes control of the third adjusting unit 5 by controlling the operation of the control valve 51.
- the third control signal controls the supply amount of salt water in the third adjusting unit 5 by changing the open state of the control valve 51 or changing the open pressure.
- a pump is used instead of a control valve, and it is possible to make the supply amount of fresh water constant by increasing and decreasing the pump rotation speed with an inverter and controlling it.
- the degree of influence on the generated energy can be minimized. If the degree of influence can be suppressed, energy generation efficiency can be improved.
- the supply of salt water to the forward osmosis membrane 2 is kept constant, so that the ability to produce mixed water in the forward osmosis membrane 2 is kept constant, and the flow rate difference of the mixed water is easily maximized. As a result, energy generation efficiency is increased.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram of the fourth adjustment unit according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the fourth adjustment unit 6 adjusts the release of the mixed water from the forward osmosis membrane 2 to the energy generation unit 20.
- the fourth adjustment unit 6 includes a control valve 61.
- the control valve 61 can control the discharge pressure and the discharge amount of the mixed water by changing the open state and the pressurization state.
- the fourth control signal is a signal for controlling the control valve 61 and controls the discharge pressure of the mixed water to be substantially constant.
- the fourth adjusting unit 6 discharges the mixed water so that the discharge pressure is substantially constant. By maintaining the discharge pressure of the mixed water substantially constant, the energy generation efficiency in the energy generation unit 20 is increased.
- the fourth control signal may control the fourth adjusting unit 6 so that the discharge pressure of the mixed water is substantially constant based on the salinity of the mixed water.
- the mixed water is output to the energy generation unit 20 to generate energy.
- energy generation by mixed water if there is a change in salinity concentration, the osmotic pressure difference at that time will change, and the osmotic flow rate in the forward osmosis membrane will also change, so the flow rate difference will change. .
- the permeation flow rate in the forward osmosis membrane is large.
- the pressure of the energy generating unit is decreased in order to increase the permeation flow rate, even if the permeation flow rate increases, the water pressure is low and the energy generation amount decreases. Therefore, there is an optimum pressure depending on the salinity concentration, and the flow rate difference of the mixed water is optimized by adjusting and maintaining the state.
- the fourth control signal controls the fourth adjusting unit 6 so that the discharge pressure of the mixed water is substantially constant based on the salt concentration of the mixed water.
- the fourth adjusting unit 6 can discharge the mixed water while maintaining a constant pressure, and can optimize the energy generation efficiency.
- the first control signal to the fourth control signal may be combined and the above control may be performed, or the control may be performed individually.
- the control unit 7 outputs the first control signal to the fourth control signal while appropriately combining them.
- the control device 1 according to the second embodiment can adjust each of the first adjustment unit 3 to the fourth adjustment unit 6 while monitoring predetermined parameters. By adjustment by this monitoring, the relevance and priority of the first adjustment unit 3 to the fourth adjustment unit 6 can be optimized, and the energy generation efficiency can be optimized.
- Embodiment 3 will be described.
- the third embodiment the first and second embodiments An energy generation apparatus provided with the control apparatus 1 demonstrated in 1 is demonstrated.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram of the energy generation device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 includes the control device 1 described in the first and second embodiments.
- the energy generation device 50 includes the control device 1 described in the first and second embodiments, the non-permeated water discharge unit 32, the fresh water supply unit 42, the salt water supply unit 52, the mixed water discharge unit 62, and the energy generation unit. 20.
- the non-permeated water discharging unit 32 discharges the non-permeated water adjusted by the first adjusting unit 3. By this discharge, non-permeated water that has not permeated through the forward osmosis membrane 2 can be discharged to the outside.
- the fresh water supply unit 42 supplies the fresh water adjusted by the second adjustment unit 4 to the forward osmosis membrane 2. With this supply, the optimally adjusted fresh water is supplied to the forward osmosis membrane 2.
- the salt water supply unit 52 supplies the salt water adjusted by the third adjustment unit 5 to the forward osmosis membrane 2. By this supply, the optimally adjusted salt water is supplied to the forward osmosis membrane 2.
- the mixed water discharge unit 62 discharges the mixed water adjusted by the fourth adjustment unit 6 to the energy generation unit 20. By this supply, the optimally adjusted mixed water is supplied to the energy generator 20.
- the first adjusting unit 3 to the fourth adjusting unit 6 perform the respective adjustments. Based on this adjustment, the energy generating device 50 can perform energy generation that is optimal for the energy used.
- the discharge of non-permeated water and the supply of fresh water are performed in a state where the pressure or the like is adjusted based on predetermined monitoring. That is, the adjusted salt water or the like means that the pressure or the like is optimally adjusted.
- the energy generation device 50 can generate energy with optimum efficiency using the mixed water in the forward osmosis membrane 2.
- Embodiments 1 and 2 are examples for explaining the gist of the present invention, and includes modifications and alterations without departing from the gist of the present invention.
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Abstract
Description
手段を設けた浸透圧発電システムを開示する。
正浸透膜からの未浸透水の放出を調節する第1調節部と、
正浸透膜への淡水の供給を調節する第2調節部と、
正浸透膜への塩水の供給を調節する第3調節部と、
正浸透膜からの混合水の放出を調節する第4調節部と、
第1調節部、第2調節部、第3調節部および第4調節部を制御する制御部と、を備え、
制御部は、第1調節部、第2調節部、第3調節部および第4調節部を、優先順位によって制御する。
前記正浸透膜からの未浸透水の放出を調節する第1調節部と、
正浸透膜への淡水の供給を調節する第2調節部と、
正浸透膜への塩水の供給を調節する第3調節部と、
正浸透膜からの混合水の放出を調節する第4調節部と、
第1調節部、第2調節部、第3調節部および第4調節部を制御する制御部と、を備え、
制御部は、第1調節部、第2調節部、第3調節部および第4調節部を、優先順位によって制御する。
第1調節部での調節を実行する第1制御信号と、
第2調節部での調節を実行する第2制御信号と、
第3調節部での調節を実行する第3制御信号と、
第4調節部での調節を実行する第4制御信号と、を出力可能である。
第1制御信号 ≧ 第2制御信号 ≧ 第3制御信号 ≧ 第4制御信号である。
第1制御信号 ≧ 第2制御信号 ≧ 第3制御信号 ≧ 第4制御信号である。
第1制御信号 ≧ 第2制御信号 ≧ 第3制御信号 ≧ 第4制御信号である。
第1制御信号、第2制御信号、第3制御信号、第4制御信号の順である。
まず、本発明の実施の形態1におけるエネルギー生成装置用の制御装置の全体概要について説明する。図1は、本発明の実施の形態1におけるエネルギー生成装置用の制御装置のブロック図である。図1の、エネルギー生成装置用の制御装置(以下、「制御装置」という)1は、正浸透膜2で生成される混合水によるエネルギー生成を行うエネルギー生成装置に使用される。エネルギー生成装置は、正浸透膜2で得られる混合水の増加圧力を利用して、エネルギーを取り出す。この取り出されたエネルギーは、発電機で利用されたり機械動作で利用されたりする。すなわち、制御装置1は、正浸透膜2を用いるエネルギー生成装置に使用される。
次に、制御部7による第1調節部3~第4調節部6の優先順位について説明する。
制御部7は、第1制御信号~第4制御信号を出力することで、第1調節部3~第4調節部6の制御を実行する。ここで、優先順位の一つとして、優先順位は、一定時間の間において、制御部7が出力する第1制御信号~第4制御信号の回数が、
第1制御信号 ≧ 第2制御信号 ≧ 第3制御信号 ≧ 第4制御信号
である。
優先順位の一つとして、優先順位は、一定時間の間において、制御部7が出力する第1制御信号~第4制御信号の時間量が、
第1制御信号 ≧ 第2制御信号 ≧ 第3制御信号 ≧ 第4制御信号
である。
第1制御信号 ≧ 第2制御信号 ≧ 第3制御信号 ≧ 第4制御信号
である。
優先順位の一つとして、一定時間の間において、制御部7が出力する第1制御信号~第4制御信号の出力順序が、
第1制御信号 ≧ 第2制御信号 ≧ 第3制御信号 ≧ 第4制御信号
である。
第1調節部3は、正浸透膜2からの未浸透水の放出を調節する。実施の形態1で説明したように、第1調節部3での制御が、優先順位が高い。
図7は、本発明の実施の形態2における第2調節部のブロック図である。第2調節部4は、正浸透膜2への淡水の供給を調節する。第2制御信号は、この第2調節部4を制御する信号である。
第3制御信号は、正浸透膜2への塩水の供給を略一定とするように、第3調節部5を制御する。例えば、正浸透膜2への塩水の供給量が、一定レベルとなるように、制御する。
第4制御信号は、混合水の放出圧力を略一定とするように、第4調節部6を制御する。図9は、本発明の実施の形態2における第4調節部のブロック図である。第4調節部6は、正浸透膜2からの混合水を、エネルギー生成部20に放出するのを調節する。
で説明した制御装置1を備えるエネルギー生成装置について説明する。
2 正浸透膜
3 第1調節部
4 第2調節部
5 第3調節部
6 第4調節部
7 制御部
31、41、51、61 制御弁
32 未浸透水放出部
42 淡水供給部
52 塩水供給部
62 混合水放出部
20 エネルギー生成部
50 エネルギー生成装置
Claims (14)
- 正浸透膜を用いるエネルギー生成装置用の制御装置であって、
前記正浸透膜からの未浸透水の放出を調節する第1調節部と、
前記正浸透膜への淡水の供給を調節する第2調節部と、
前記正浸透膜への塩水の供給を調節する第3調節部と、
前記正浸透膜からの混合水の放出を調節する第4調節部と、
前記第1調節部、前記第2調節部、前記第3調節部および前記第4調節部を制御する制御部と、を備え、
前記制御部は、前記第1調節部、前記第2調節部、前記第3調節部および前記第4調節部を、優先順位によって制御する、エネルギー生成装置用の制御装置。 - 前記正浸透膜は、前記第3調節部によって供給される塩水を通す塩水通路と、前記第2調節部によって供給される淡水を通す淡水通路を有し、
前記正浸透膜での浸透現象によって、前記混合水を生成する、請求の範囲第1項記載のエネルギー生成装置用の制御装置。 - 前記制御部は、
前記第1調節部での調節を実行する第1制御信号と、
前記第2調節部での調節を実行する第2制御信号と、
前記第3調節部での調節を実行する第3制御信号と、
前記第4調節部での調節を実行する第4制御信号と、を出力可能である、請求の範囲第1項または第2項記載のエネルギー生成装置用の制御装置。 - 前記優先順位は、一定時間の間において、前記制御部が出力する回数が、
前記第1制御信号 ≧ 前記第2制御信号 ≧ 前記第3制御信号 ≧ 前記第4制御信号である、請求の範囲第3項記載のエネルギー生成装置用の制御装置。 - 前記優先順位は、一定時間の間において、前記制御部が出力する時間量が、
前記第1制御信号 ≧ 前記第2制御信号 ≧ 前記第3制御信号 ≧ 前記第4制御信号である、請求の範囲第3項記載のエネルギー生成装置用の制御装置。 - 前記優先順位は、一定時間の間において、前記制御部が出力する頻度が、
前記第1制御信号 ≧ 前記第2制御信号 ≧ 前記第3制御信号 ≧ 前記第4制御信号である、請求の範囲第3項記載のエネルギー生成装置用の制御装置。 - 前記優先順位は、一定時間の間において、前記制御部が出力する順序が、
前記第1制御信号、前記第2制御信号、前記第3制御信号、前記第4制御信号の順である、請求の範囲第3項記載のエネルギー生成装置用の制御装置。 - 前記第1制御信号は、未浸透水の放出を略一定とするように、前記第1調節部を制御する、請求の範囲第3項から第7項のいずれか記載のエネルギー生成装置用の制御装置。
- 前記第2制御信号は、前記正浸透膜への淡水の供給圧力を略一定とするように、前記第2調節部を制御する、請求の範囲第3項から第8項のいずれか記載のエネルギー生成装置用の制御装置。
- 前記第2制御信号は、前記混合水の放出量および放出圧力の少なくとも一方に基づいて、前記第2調節部を制御する、請求の範囲第9項記載のエネルギー生成装置用の制御装置。
- 前記第3制御信号は、前記正浸透膜への塩水の供給を略一定とするように、前記第3調節部を制御する、請求の範囲第3項から第10項のいずれか記載のエネルギー生成装置用の制御装置。
- 前記第4制御信号は、前記混合水の放出圧力を略一定とするように、前記第4調節部を制御する、請求の範囲第3項から第11項のいずれか記載のエネルギー生成装置用の制御装置。
- 前記第4制御信号は、前記混合水の塩分濃度に基づいて、前記混合水の放出圧力を略一定とするように、前記第4調節部を制御する、請求の範囲第12項記載のエネルギー生成装置用の制御装置。
- 請求の範囲第1項から第13項のいずれか記載のエネルギー生成装置用の制御装置と、
正浸透膜と、
前記第1調節部により、未浸透水の放出を行う未浸透水放出部と、
前記第2調節部により、前記正浸透膜に淡水を供給する淡水供給部と、
前記第3調節部により、前記正浸透膜に塩水を供給する塩水供給部と、
前記第4調節部により、前記混合水の放出を行う混合水放出部と、を備える、エネルギー生成装置。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| EP16839346.0A EP3276170B1 (en) | 2015-08-25 | 2016-08-25 | Control device for energy generation apparatuses |
| ES16839346T ES2849323T3 (es) | 2015-08-25 | 2016-08-25 | Dispositivo de control para aparatos de generación de energía |
| US15/562,613 US10155199B2 (en) | 2015-08-25 | 2016-08-25 | Controller for energy generation system |
| AU2016310895A AU2016310895B2 (en) | 2015-08-25 | 2016-08-25 | Controller for energy generation system |
| IL254737A IL254737B (en) | 2015-08-25 | 2017-09-27 | Visit the energy generation system |
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| JP2015165556A JP6159371B2 (ja) | 2015-08-25 | 2015-08-25 | エネルギー生成装置用の制御装置 |
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| EA022232B1 (ru) * | 2008-03-20 | 2015-11-30 | Йейл Юниверсити | Мембранный модуль со спиральновитыми мембранами прямого осмоса |
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| KR20150008346A (ko) * | 2013-07-12 | 2015-01-22 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | 해수담수화 시스템의 제어 장치 및 방법 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20180085708A1 (en) | 2018-03-29 |
| JP6159371B2 (ja) | 2017-07-05 |
| AU2016310895B2 (en) | 2018-10-11 |
| IL254737B (en) | 2019-09-26 |
| AU2016310895A1 (en) | 2018-04-19 |
| US10155199B2 (en) | 2018-12-18 |
| IL254737A0 (en) | 2017-11-30 |
| ES2849323T3 (es) | 2021-08-17 |
| EP3276170B1 (en) | 2020-11-18 |
| EP3276170A4 (en) | 2018-09-05 |
| JP2017042702A (ja) | 2017-03-02 |
| EP3276170A1 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
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