WO2017014661A2

WO2017014661A2 - Chair

Info

Publication number: WO2017014661A2
Application number: PCT/RO2016/000021
Authority: WO
Inventors: Gheorghe SĂLAN; Viorel PORDEA; Anelize Teodora SĂLAN
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2015-07-02
Filing date: 2016-06-29
Publication date: 2017-01-26
Anticipated expiration: 2018-01-02
Also published as: WO2017014661A3; RO131609A2

Abstract

The invention relates to a chair that can be used in a dwelling, in a means of transportation for persons or any other situation that involves a seated position of a person, as well as when it is necessary to protect an occupant of a means of transport and also for strengthen the back and neck muscles, to provide the spine curvature correction and for relaxation and rest, as well as for moving and positioning the sick people in bed, even those immobilized. Chair it is made up of a seat rigid (1) or in one of some inner upholstered profiled and upholstered having safety belts seats (11 and G), supported by a plane support, each of them being secured to the stand or legs mentioned, rigid seat (1) being continued upwardly either by a partial rigid backrest (2), or be a total rigid backrest (A) or a high rigid backrest (B), the latter one being provided at the upper part, with some shoulder side restraint left and, respectively, right (7 and 8), respectively, with a partial rigid headrest (9), to said first upholstered seat (11), being attached by means of a multiple, lower joint (C), profiling upholstered backrest for dwelling (D), continued upwardly by means of a upper multiple joint (E), with a inner partial upholstered headrest (12) and to the other upholstered seat having safety belts (G) being connected by means of a multiple locking joint (H), the profiled upholstered for occupants seat front of a car backrest (I), whereat, by means of a multiple upper locking joint (J) is connected either a partial headrest (K) or a total headrest (V), any of the rigid and, respectively, upholstered seats (1, 11, and G) being provided with seating areas for the chair (130 and 131) left and, respectively, right whose contours are similar to the contours of optimal seating area (122 and 123) left and, respectively, right of a the future occupant buttocks (127), each having an one-finger glove-like shape, the finger, being kept close to the palm and positioned with the tip pointing towards the knees and, the back of the palm comprising the protrusion of the gluteus maximus muscle, a contour of the first optimal seating area (122) of this occupant's buttocks (127) starting from the as a backbone concave curve line (g'''') which descends downwardly on the lateral part of the thigh, up to the gluteus maximus muscle, which continues with a short with inflection concave-convex outward line (h""), that is connecting with a slightly curved, vertically line (i"") downwards to third region, next to the knee of the thigh, where it continues with a concave curve outwardly, placed horizontally line (j""), which is connected with a almost vertical convex outwards line (k""), that closes the contour of this area (122).

Description

Chair

The invention relates to a chair that can be used in a dwelling, in a means of transportation for persons or any other situation that involves a seated position of a person, as well as when it is necessary to protect an occupant of a means of transport and also for strengthen the back and neck muscles, to provide the spine curvature correction and for relaxation and rest, as well as for moving and positioning the sick people in bed, even those immobilized.

There are already known chairs consisting of a seat and a backrest that can be jointly connected to each other and a headrest attached on the backrest, which can be two or more times multiplied in an assembly that allows simultaneous sitting of several persons, whereat the parts of said being made according to the anthropometric sizes and areas of the human body whereat stresses can be transmitted, according to the patent RO No. 112986 Bl . The drawbacks of these chairs are that, being used for a quite a long time, they become aggressive against the human body parts that come into contact or, are positioned in their close proximity, they do not allow a mouvement of circumduction of the torso with respect to the seat and of the head with respect to the backrest, movement which is to be facilitated by the design of the seat, they do not sustain the torso laterally and unfavorably affect the vertebral and spinous apophyses and, may be used in a dwelling, a worching space or in leisure places.

The technical problem that the chair according to the claimed invention is to solve consist in protecting the areas of the human body in direct contact, or located close to the chair, while allowing a movement of circumduction of the head given the torso and then torso given the seat and, if it can ensure the correct position of the spine and strengthening of the back and neck muscles for adults and children, when moving and positioning of patients, even those immobilized in bed for consultation, for rest and sanitation, and, respectively, during the transport of passengers, it isolates them from the vibrations of the means of transport and provides effective protection of the body parts most affected by the impact, that are high risk during accidents, such as chain collisions and/or rolling.

The situation that sitting on a chair is the cause of disorders of a seated prsons was so far considered until now a life condition about which nothing can be done. After investigation that lasted more 30 years it was found that this life condition is actually a problem that has a solution. This solution is presented below. The skeleton is the resistance structure of the human body that assumes and distributes the mechanical stress. The lack of comfort and the complaints of the sitting person are due to an incorrect transmission of efforts from the chair to the skeleton. Recent medical research has established that the time spent on sitting accordingly shortens lifetime. The healthy solution to sit on a chair is to transmit the efforts from the chair to the skeleton exclusively via major muscle masses. The consistency and elasticity of muscles dissipate the force vectors and protect the organs and soft anatomical systems that are not prepared to undertake the effort. The healthy solution to sit on the chair defines the shape, sizes and spatial position of the optimum contact areas between the seated person and the chair. When sitting, the numbnes of the feet followed by thrombophlebitis, which are the most common disorders of sitting too long on a chair is due to pressing the blood vessels and nerve ducts on the third backside of the thigh from the knee, where the semitendinosus and femoral biceps muscles break up, so the the muscular mass is missing. Also the lack of muscular mass in the perianal and anal anatomical regions causes prostate disorders, hemorrhoids and sciatic nerve damage. Many of the current chairs, the so-called ergonomic, ones, have, in contradiction with the spirit and purpose of the present invention, an ridge aggressive to the longitudinal axis of the seat. We can illustrate the pilots chairs in the Formula 1 monoposts. At the torso, the lumbar anatomical areas are devoid of muscle mass towards the spine. Therefore the transmission of efforts must be avoided, such as those of lateral resting . Currently, in particular for motor vehicles, the chairs have side rests in the form of protrusions in the lumbar anatomical areas. In time, there are affected the soft organs in the lumbar areas such as the kidneys, the colon and the intestines. It is ascertained that the lateral corners of the joint between the seat and the backrest in case of chairs having a high and wide backrests have no utility. More dedicated to support the side part of the torso are the anatomical deltoid areas. There is also important muscular mass and the greater distance to the coxal joints makes the efforts of resting be much lower than in the lumbar area. The contact between vertebral apophyses and the spinal apophyses with the chair backrest is also uncomfortable, even when the chair backrest is upholstered. The head is the most unstable body part, because the center of gravity is above the point of support , namely the first cervical vertebra, called atlas. The name of this vertebrae itself suggests the quasi permanent effort of sustaining the weight and the equilibration of the head, whereat several dozen of pairs of muscles also take part. It is known that the various migraines, neck pain or in upper part of the back are due to the straining of those muscles, which disappear as result of the stress relief massage. Propping the head on the chair is a major drawback to many current models of chairs, in that the shape and position of the headrest adds a vertical component from up to down to the head weight. It is also known that three-quarters of deaths in car accidents are due to cervical spine fracture at the base of the skull. The solutions to problems regarding supporting the weight and frontal resting of the head in the design on existing chairs are not known.

The chair, according to the invention, removes the drawbacks above and solves the technical problem in that it invents the correct contact with the occupant and invents other new parts by means of which the chair being in close proximity to our body becomes flexible, friendly and more protective.

Because of the controlled flexibility and the ajusting the shape and mutual positions of the component parts, the chais serves to strengthen the back and neck muscles, corrects the position of the spine, providing rest and deep relaxation and, positioning of persons immobilized to bed , and in case of means of transport, isolates the occupants from the vibrations of the resistance structure, becoming an effective moduleof surviving for automobile in the event of accidents, but also in case of chain collisions and/or rolling.

The chair according to the invention solves the technical problem, removing the drawbacks mentioned before in that it consist of a sea trigid or in one of some inner upholstered profiled and upholstered having safety belts seats, supported by a plane support, each of them being secured to the stand or legs mentioned, rigid seat being continued upwardly either by a partial rigid backrest, or be a total rigid backrest or a high rigid backrest, the latter one being provided at the upper part, with some shoulder side restraint left and, respectively, right respectively, with a partial rigid headrest, to said first upholstered seat, being attached by means of a multiple, lower joint, profiling upholstered backrest for dwelling, continued upwardly by means of a upper multiple joint, with a inner partial upholstered headrest and to the other upholstered seat having safety belts being connected by means of a multiple locking locking joint, the profiled upholstered for ocupants seat front of a car backrest, whereat, by means of a multiple upper locking joint is connected either a partial headrest or a total headrest, any of the rigid and, respectively, upholstered seats being provided with seating areas for the chair left and, respectivley, right whose contours are similar to the contours of optimal seating area left and, respectively, right of a the future occupant buttocks, each having an one-finger glove-like shape, the finger, being kept close to the palm and positioned with the tip pointing towards the knees and, the back of the palm comprising the protrusion of the gluteus maximus muscle, a contour of the first optimal seating area of this occupant's buttocks starting from the as a backbone concave curve line which descends downwardly on the lateral part of the thigh, up to the gluteus maximus muscle, which continues with a short with inflection concave-convex outward line , that is connecting with a slightly curved, vertically line downwards to third region, next to the knee of the thigh, where it continues with a concave curve outwardly, placed horizontally line, which is connected with a almost vertical convex outwards line, that closes the contour of this area, the surface of any of the areas to each of being rigid and upholstered seats being 10 ... 25% larger than the area of any of the areas the occupant seat, the areas of any of are rigid and, respectively, upholstered seats being symmetrical to the median plane thereof, and being spaced apart by a drop- shaped gap, which correspond to the spacing between the areas the occupant's buttocks, each of rigid or upholstered seats, having a lobed form, whose contour from the axis of symmetry from the rear side to the right, consist of a straight or slightly broken line, perpendicularly to the symmetry axis, which is connected by a inwardly curved concave line, the three inwardly slightly, convex curved lines, connected to one another by two curved, concave inwardly, lines forming two knots, the contour of the the front part being a deeply lobed line

determining four differently between them in shape lobes, so the second from the edge lobe being the longest, of about two fifths of the depth of the seat, lobes adjacent said lobe being shorter by 10 - 22% of its length, and the joined the symmetry axis lobe is the shortest, having a length of 20 -35% shorter length than than the lenght thereof, each of total, high, profiled, rigid and upholstered, profiled for front seat occupants in the car, profiling upholstered for medical chair, respectively, profiling upholstered for a row of chairs backrests, with some areas left and, respectivley, right support for the chair, whose contours are similar to the contours of optimal support areas left and, respectively, right identical therebetween of the future occupant's back, the first mentioned area of these areas having the shape of a pentagon, in a projection on a vertical dorsal plane, with the thinner part facing down, in the upper part being broader, the contour of this area starting with a concave inclined curved side from the spinous region at the vertebra C6 up to the subscapular region, and then descending with a convex curve line on the shoulder contour to the end region of the deltoid, having the maximum width, being obliquely downwardly continued with double curvature line, first convex which corresponds to the position vertebra L5 in front of which, by one point of inflection it is connected with a curve, concave, shorter line and closes with a straight, vertical line along the spinous region, each of backrests being the widest at the shoulders and narrowest at vertebra L5, this fact allowing the use of one of the joints to about upholstered seats, each rigid upholstered, partial, total and, respectively, with variable opening headrest, being shaped such as to contact the occupant's head, only corresponding to an optimal support and holding area of the head, having the contour of the head closed at the neck of a curved line, centrally interrupted by a recess in the form of the reverse letter "U", in a side view, this area is a curved line from the neck to the crown of the future occupant's head , interrupted by two horizontal and parallel lines, the distance between them being of 4 ... 6 cm, lower line being above the eyebrows, this lines connecting over the forehead the lateral edges of the optimal support and holding of the head area, of the occupant's head, the partial headrest having the upper edge exceeding by 10 ... 55% the bottom height of the occipital bone, for fixing the multiple lover and, respectively ,upper locking joints , of the seat to the backrest and, respectively, the of the partial headrest, each of which having one upper and, respectively, lower armatures wich are provided with threaded holes , placed in the spaces between the elastic elements to some screws fixing the top armature being introduced some resilient elements, closed at the upper part, and the lower armature connecting line between columns of resilent elements to a electronic control and diagnostic unit of locking the multiple lower loking joint by means of gaskets, the lower joint being covered by a resilient bellows, consisting of two parts, a front and, respectively, a rear connected to each other, the frontal being preferably made of rubber thinner, and rear part being made of polyurethane foam high density, thicker, which lateraly covers the front part, the progressive control of the lower joint elasticity being provided by a electronic control and diagnostic unit connected to a battery of a motor vehicle, the upper backrest, consisting of a profiling bakrest body having a convex lower narrow portion, which corresponds to the curvature of the lumbar spine, and, respectively, an upper wide concave portion corresponding to the curvature of the thoracic spine and which has in the upper lateral side, two adjustable trapezoidal shoulder rests, with large base located next to the profiling backrest body and continuing to the rear with the upholstered portions that covers and protects the adjustable zone of rests, along the entire height profiling backrest body, being realized an outwardly open channel, profiled and sized in such a manner to protect the vertebral apophyses, laterally, in the upper part, at the convex portion, to the profiling backrest body being hinged, with adjustable and blocking capability, two entirely upholstered armrests , the upper body profiling backrest having some protrusions which are positioned above the left and right lateral cervical of the occupant's and whereon there are fixed upper fixed safety belts , and laterally above the elbows ajustable, ulpholstered entirely restraint being provided protrusions for fastening of safety belts lateral, behind the backrest axially, at the upper limit of the concave portion, being provided a upholstered on the outside projection, which has, in its upper part maximum section, the shape and size of the bellows of the multiple loclcing, upper joint, the partial headrest, consisting of a by a in the shape of a ellipsoidal sector, in the lower, rear part the body having a recess not allowing the occupant's head coming into contact with the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae.

The chair according to the invention solves the technical problem and in that the upholstered seat having safety belts is provided with a weighing strain gauges and has, one side and the other, below at a third part from the rear edge, two protrusions wherein it is positioned a two- points safety belt of adjustable length, the multiple locking joints lower and, respectively, upper having an identical construction, differing only in size, in which case it is still used the construction of the multiple locking the lower joint which comprises up of some resilient cylindrical elements penetrated by a axial channel having a central portion in the form of a sphere, each element having at its ends some cuffs entering the chamfered holes with a height less than the one of the cuffs being attached to metal armatures, upper and, respectively, lower the bottom having that are disc-shaped, resilient elements being in even numbers and being circularly arranged, equidistantly, on an inner diameter of said armatures, central, each of the armatures having of a truncated cone embossing, in center of said drawing in the upper armature being provided a hole in which is inserted an upper riveted pivot, having a lower portion in the shape of a truncated cone terminated by a lower spherical sector in the other lower armature, in the drawing being provided a central hole ended with a lower spherical chamfer, corresponding to the spherical sector, and in the upper portion being conically chamfered with an vertex angle greater than that of the lower portion of the pin, laterally on the direction betwen the chamfered holes in the lower armature being provided a pierced hole, whose diameter is greater than that of the spherical sector connected to a channel having a width greater than that of the below portion the pivot connecting the pierced hole with a hole in the drawing of the lower armature, by means of the pivot forming some pairs of spherically hinged armatures, spaced apart by means of the resilient elements, the pairs of neighboring armatures being held together through some peripheral fixing clips, which are not placed in adjacent spaces between resilient elements, which are tightened with a coupling screw inserted into the recesses practiced in neighboring armatures to the occasion occurs and centering the clips, on one side and the othe of the coupling screw in some circular holes being provided a cylindrical stoppers for movement limitation and damping, which may be made of shape memory materials after ending of the compression stress having the function of limiting the movement and for damping, by alternately placing up and down, the peripheralfixing clips in the spaces between the resilient elements situated at the same level, between them being assembled the neighboring pairs . of armatures and thus the whole joint

The chair according to the invention solves the technical problem and in that the upper fixed safety belt placed towards the passenger compartment is fitted to a the square breastplate made of a flexible material but impenetrable, such as graphen, in the other three corners, one on the top and the two sides of the breastplate, there being provided two belts joint end pockets engaging with the ends of the upper and lateral belts, the left and, respectively, from the end belt side right, do not show in the draving, laterally, on the left side of the breastplate, being mounted a lever to unlocking the upper and, respectively, the left side belt and the other moving belt.

The chair according to the invention solves the technical problem and in that on the body of the partial headrest and, respectively on the body of the total headrest there are mounted two left and right headphones, each formed of a body having the shape of an oval cylinder made of thermoformed polyurethane or another semi-rigid material and which are able to slide transversely in / from the body of the partial headrest and, respectively, in the body of the total headrest, and having the cylinder generatrix greater than the thickness of bodies of said partial and respectively, total headrests, being held outwardly by a corresponding resilient blade, in the upper part, the exterior base of the cylindrical, oval body being provided with champfers that extend up to the outer surface of the partial and, respectively, total headrest, at the inside the cylindrical, oval body having, circumferentially, a ring made of polyurethane memory foam, and in the center of the ring being placed a speaker, above and behind each cylindrical oval body, on both sides of the partial headrest being provided a joint, by means of which a rebatable visor is secured, and respectively, on the total headrest being secured a partial foldable visor having the form of an ellipsoidal sector, the lower lateral edges of the visor, and, respectively, of the partial visor in rebated position being placed in the immediate vicinity of the chamfer of the cylindrical, oval body, in the front side, on the inside, both the visor, and the partial visor being provided with a protrusion formed as half of a toroidal sector, made of polyurethane memory foam, centrally, the front edge of the visor and partial visor being provided with a recess for the nose and, on one part and the other of the recess being the lateral portions of the visor and, respectively, of the partial visor equipped with one OLED transparent display inside the lateral portions, depending on the needs of the occupant, there may be permanently placed by fastening or removably, by means of clips, the lens for vision correction or for viewing the screen of the smartphone, in front of the lateral portions there can be removably placed a frame for smartphone, and for the driver, close to the recess for the nose, on one side and the other, there are placed two anti-sleeping with warning sensors.

The chair according to the invention solves the technical problem and in that the lobes have tip thicknesses descending towards the axis of symmetry of the lobed form and have an elongated shape that narrows towards the front side, their tip being elliptical, so the

connection between them having a half width as the thicker neighboring tip, the tips of lobes being flared downwardly of the rigid seat, the spaces between the lobes constituting each one recess which is higher in the front thereof and which at the rear, in the connection area between the lobes , reaches the smooth surface between protrusions, the upper surface of the lobed shaped rigid seat being curved, in cross-section there is a curve with its concavity upwards, and in longitudinal section, over a length equal to two-thirds of the depth of the seat, starting from the straight or slightly broken line there is a curve with its concavity upwards, and in the previous third it being gradually changed in a curve with its concavity facing downwards, in the central part of the rigid seat, on one side and the other of the symmetry axis there is provided a gap in the form of a drop, with the circular part placed near the straight or slightly broken line and the sharp part placed towards the front, on the lateral contour and on the inwardly concave curved line, being located the upper protrusion having its external shape identical to that of the contour formed by the lines thereof, and inwardly having the contour of two inwardly convex curved lines intersecting at the short, as knot inwardly concave curved line, the upper surface of each protrusion of the rigid seat, being preferably shaped in the form of the upper surface of the human palm thumb, when having the palm facing upwards, between the protrusion and the gap being provided two cavities placed on either side of the axis of symmetry, which can be assimilated with the two cupped human hands positioned upwardly, when the seat is placed in uncovered spaces, in the seat, at the gap and cavities being practiced a hole to drain water, the rigid seat being continued with the short backrest placed lower in the rear part between the protrusions, on both sides of the vertical symmetry plane of the seat, on the backrest, starting from the seat and up to the upper part of the rigid armrest being provided a channel, the upper part of the armrest being mostly horizontal and having rounded edges.

The chair according to the invention solves the technical problem and in that the central spherical cavity of the cilindrical resilient elements alter their spherical shape when moving the torso against the seat or the head against the backrest, any increase in pressure of the fluid inside a deformed sphere, such as the central spherical cavity tending to restore it to the initial spherical shape, all spheres of both multiple locking joints being interconnected and together, interconnected to a hydrostatic circuit which increases the fluid pressure proportionally with increasing the acceleration, regardless of direction and sense, at any increase in acceleration when starting, braking, in curves, at repeated impacts and rolling, after acceleration comes back to normal, the initial mobility of the multiple locking joints, comes back to normal, too, an electronic control and diagnostic unit connected to the car battery controlling the fluid pressure being formed by means of a main acceleration or deceleration multidirectional sensor controlling a device for hydrostatic pressurizing, which may be a hydrostatic cylinder actuated electromagnetically with a buffer tank connected by a high pressure hydrostatic circuit with the multiple locking joints of the seats in the vehicle, the electronic control and diagnostic unit being provided with a backup power circuit, with a safety switch, and a multidirectional safety sensor, in case of failure of the main sensor and a self-diagnosis circuit, which controls a self-diagnosis display on a display of the vehicle and / or on the visor or the partial visor of the partial and, respectively, total headrest of the driver, the size of the cilindrical resilient element, the physical characteristics of the resilient material, the number of pairs of armatures and the software control of the hydrostatic locking being adapted to the anthropometric dimensions and weight of the occupant.

The chair according to the invention solves the technical problem and in that the rigid seat is continued upwardly either by a partial rigid backrest or, by a total rigid backrest, or by a high rigid backrest, the latter being provided, in the upper part, with lateral shoulder rests and, respectively, with the partial rigid headrest, the partial rigid backrest being profiled with a concave curvature forwardly, corresponding to the lumbar curvature of the spine, with a height up to the first lumbar vertebrae LI or last thoracic vertebrae T12, at the upper part of the partial rigid backrest being secured the armrest with two left and, respectively, right lateral parts of the armrest which continue on the sides of the rigid seat on two-thirds of its depth, then go down to the seat and connect laterally thereon, the distance between the lateral parts of the armrest being 10 ... 30% greater than the width of the seat , the total rigid backrest consisting of a high profiled backrest body which has a trapezoidal shape on three quarters of its height, with the small base directed downwardly, the last upper quarter being rectangular, with its width equal to the greater base of the trapezoid, which has an upper part of the rigid backrest wider portion on the two upper thirds of the height, of concave shape towards the front part, corresponding to the thoracic curvature of the spine, and a lower part of the rigid backrest the last lower third of the height, convex towards the front part, corresponding to the lumbar curvature of the spine, and at about a quarter of the backrest height being connected two right and, respectively, left armrests that continue on the sides of the rigid seat, on two-thirds of his depth, thereafter descending and being secured laterally to the seat, the high rigid backrest having a trapezoidal shape on three quarters of its height, with the small base directed downwardly, the last upper quarter being rectangular, with its width equal to the greater base of the trapezoid, which has an upper part of the rigid backrest wider portion on the two upper thirds of the height, of concave shape towards the front part, corresponding to the thoracic curvature of the spine, and a lower part of the rigid backrest the last lower third of the height, convex towards the front part, corresponding to the lumbar curvature of the spine, the high rigid backrest having at the upper part, rectangular in form, laterally secured on one side and the other, the left and, respectively, rigid shoulder rests, rectangular or trapezoidal in shape, having the large base next to the high backrest, the horizontal angle between the shoulder rests and high backrest, being of approximately 100 degrees at the upper, central part, to the high backrest, being secured the forwardly profiled partial rigid headrest formed of two lower and upper parts, the lower part being connected with the high backrest and the upper part being destined to support and sustain the future occupant's head the lower part having the shape of the surface of the high backrest, when contacting it, form that turns into a toroidal sector in contact with the upper part which is shaped as an ellipsoidal sector, on either partial, total and high rigid backrests, one side and the other of the vertical axis of symmetry being positioned one of the channels starting from close to the rigid seat and ending at the upper edge of the total backrest, also continuing on the lower part of the headrest, an assembly of three or more rigid seats with partial backrests , with the particularity that some armrests inside the assembly have a double width given the ones at the edge of the same assembly.

The chair according to the invention solves the technical problem and in that said first inner upholstered profiled seat is in connection, via a multiple lower joint with a profiled upholstered backrest for dwelling, given the latter being positioned, through another multiple upper joint, a inner partial upholstered headrest, the multiple lower and, respectively, upper joints having identical construction, differing only in size, in which case still being realized the construction of the multiple lower joint, which consists of cylindrical elastic cores, preferably made of rubber or thermoformed polyurethane, each being placed and fixed, by gluing or vulcanization, to some upper and, respectively, lower metallic armatures, each upper armature having one edge flared on the rear side , limiting and blocking the movement towards the rear side of the profiled upholstered backrest for dwelling, or the inner partial upholstered headrest, by contact with the metalic upper armature placed lower, an edge of the metalic upper armature, seen from behind, having a lower surface curved so that, by positioning relative to a flat upper surface of the upper armature, placed lower, to ensure interstices on one side and the other, with tips at the ends, the lower armature having some lateral and, respectively, front bendings, which cover some lateral and front edges of the upper armature underside, for guiding and fixing each adjacent upper armatures and lower armatures, to fix the joints of the seat and backrest and, respectively, to the latter one and to the headrest, each having one of some metallic upper and lower armatures which are provided with threaded through holes by means if which there are fixed with screws, the metallic armatures, and, implicitly around the joint being coated with an elastic bellows, preferably made of rubber, the profiled upholstered backrest for dwelling being formed of a profiled shaped elongated body, with a convex lower narrow portion, corresponding to the lumbar curvature of the spine and a concave upper broad portion, corresponding to the thoracic curvature of the spine and having higher, laterally, two rests adjustable for shoulders, trapezoidal in shape, with the large base facing the backrest, laterally adjustable given a profiled, elongated body of the backrest, on the entire height of body being practiced an open channel to the outside to protect the vertebral apophyses, laterally, higher, at the level of convex lower portion, of body being hinged, with possibility of adjusting or not, two armrests that can be provided with possibilities of adjusting and fixing in certain positions in space, to increase the accuracy and productivity of certain manual repetitive tasks, the headrest havmg an inner surface shaped as the upper portion of the partial rigid headrest, except that, instead of the channel, it is provided a large recess to avoid contact with the spinous region of the cervical spine and allow people with long hair to get it out backwards, the upholstered seats together with the profiled, upholstered backrests for dwelling being able to be multiplied into a seating assembly for more people, such as, for example, a sofa, where the gaps on the bench between the lobed foam shapes and the spaces between backrests of resilient polyurethane high density foam are to be filled with fluff or upholstery batting.

The chair according to the invention solves the technical problem and that . the number, size and rigidity of the cilindrical elastic core are adapted to the anthropometric measur ements and weight of the occupant. The seat according to the invention solves the technical problem and that several of the upholstered seats having safety belts are grouped in a row for the back seats or means of transport for passengers on several rows, being provided with single and double armrests, for the seats at the edge and, respectively, for the interval between seats in a row, which are made up of some supports being triangularly shaped, cut at the inside, made of metal or hard plastic material, which are fastened to the support of the row of seats by means of joints which provide flapping in the interval between seats or, respectively, at the edge of the row and locking in the working position, on the upper side of a support in the working position there are positioned some simple or double top armrests, made of resilient polyurethane foam of relatively high hardness, above 70 kg / cm, upholstered, with the work surface slightly curved longitudinally and more curved transversely, angled preferably at 10 ... 20 degrees towards the inside of the seats, the top armrest inside the row of seats having a double width and transverse inclination to the neighboring seat, each seat being shaped in the upper part and being connected by a simple joint, with possibility of tilting and locking the position to a profiled backrest, given the latter being positioned, either by a locking upper multiple joint with limited flexibility, or by an upper multiple joint or a rigid support, all being equipped with adjustable height, a partial profiled headrest, upholstered at the interior and on the outside, having a visor with or without the recess for the nose and lateral displays, a seat being formed by a lobed-shaped core arranged on a plane support.

The chair according to the invention solves the technical problem and that each of the upholstered seats consists of a lobed-shaped core of polyurethane foam having a equal or higher than density 50 kg / cm, being covered by fluff or upholstery batting and covered by textile material or leather on the outside, so that the interval between the lobes becomes less obvious than with the rigid seat, or being suggested by the seams.

The chair according to the invention, realized in a further embodiment, solves the technical problem, removing the drawbacks mentioned before in that it has a cushion for the seat, placed over said seat, consisting of a sandwich of fabric, upholstery batting and inside having a lobed-shaped core made of polyurethane foam with high density, relative to a value greater than 50 kg / cm, the outer contour of the rear and lateral part of the cushion for seating is similar to the outer contour of the rear and lateral of the lobed shape, whereat it is added the thickness of the upholstery and the contour of the front edge is tangential to the tips of the three lateral lobes, joining centrally with a concave outwardly curve and which does not touch the tips of the lobes in the vicinity of the axis of symmetry, by interposing the cushion for seating between the occupant and seating of said seat, the forms of effective areas of contact between the future occupant's buttocks and the seating areas for the chair left and, respectively, right resemble the form of optimal seating areas left and, respectively, right, in the sense and spirit of the invention.

The chair according to the invention solves the technical problem and in that it has a cover that has the part of the seat made of a sandwich of fabric, upholstery batting and a lobed- shaped core of polyurethane foam with a density greater than 50 kg / cm, with rectangular contour, the corresponding portion of the backrest cover being made with two right and, respectively left profiled protrusions, arranged on one side and the other of the vertical axis of symmetry, at a distance of about 4 ... 6 cm from each other, these protrusions having each a lower convex curvature portion, corresponding to the lumbar curvature of the spine, and an upper, concave curvature portion corresponding to the thoracic curvature of the spine, in the upper part of portion being provided two lateral protrusions at the right and, respectively, left scapula, having a conical-shaped sector with the base outwardly directed, the cover for current high back chairs being able to be secured to the seat and backrest with laces or velcro at the front and upper corners and, at the fold between seat and backrest, by placing the cover between the occupant and a seat and a backrest, the forms of effective areas of contact between the future occupant's buttocks and the seating areas for the chair left and, respectively, right resemble the form of optimal seating areas left and, respectively, right, and the forms of effective areas of contact between the future occupant's back and the support areas for the chair left and, respectively, right resemble the form of optimal support areas left and, respectively, right, in the sense and spirit of the invention.

The chair according to the invention solves the technical problem in and that it can also be used for medical gymnastics, in that it comprises a support with five arms in the shape of a star, stationary, having a pneumatic shock absorber and a mechanism for adjusting the position of the upholstered seat having safety belts given the support, on one of the support arms being mounted a hydraulic leg pump, fitted with a pressure gauge, which is in connection by means of pipes with multiple lower and, respectively upper locking joints, in order to increase the hydrostatic pressure, thus gradually reducing the flexibility of these joints and, correspondingly, increasing the effort for the movement of circumduction the torso against the seat and of the head against the backrest, with direct implications on increasing efficiency of the performed exercises of medical gymnastics

The chair according to the invention, realized in a further embodiment, solves the technical problem, removing the drawbacks mentioned before in that . it further comprises a

upholstered backrest for medicinal chair formed by an upholstered, shaped, elongated cushion, having a convex lower narrow portion corresponding to the lumbar curvature of the spine and, respectively, a concave upper wide portion, corresponding to the thoracic curvature of the spine, all the way up having practiced an outwardly open channel, to protect the vertebral apophyses, this channel being narrower near the upholstered seat and at least three times wider at the upper edge, the cushion being fixed in the rear part on three lower, intermediate and upper plates, the lower plate corresponding to the convex lower narrow portion made of an elastic material, connected at the lower part by fixed joints to the lower edges of the two cylindrical columns, parallel to each other, having two lower and,

respectively, upper parts, the first lower part corresponding to the lumbar curvature being straight, and in the upper part, being shaped, following the thoracic curvature, and by two mobile joints, at the upper part of the lower plate which are attached laterally by two sleeves sliding on the straight portion of the columns, the rigid intermediate plate being shaped following the thoracic curvature and the contour of cushion and, being non-detachably secured to the columns, the upper plate being attached by two lateral joints at the upper edge of the intermediate plate, being an edge resting on the ends of the columns (82 and 83), under the sleeves, on the right lower part of the columns being attached a lower support, made up of an inner part provided with two semi-cylindrical channels with parallel axes therebetween corresponding to the columns, having on each lateral part two threaded holes by means of which it is attached by screws to the exterior part of the support and having a through hole between the columns at the upper part, the exterior part having the body of the same shape as the inner part, with the difference that the four lateral holes are through holes for the screws provided at the outer end with a rosette to be operated by hand, upper exterior part having centrally a threaded boss wherein a screw is threaded being in contact with the lower plate and, in the lower part, having a semi-circular shoe, whereon a multiple locking lower joint is attached by means of screws, at the upper part of the columns being secured a fixed transversally device, whose shape in horizontal view may be straight or curved, with the concavity towards the front part, for fixing and adjusting the left and, respectively, right shoulder rests, consisting of a fixed profile made of metal or hard plastic material, having the cross-sectional shape of the letter "C" wherein another mobile profile is sliding, having in section the shape of letter "U" with exterior lateral slots, for each edge, which slide easily in the fixed profile, the central fixed profile having on its each lower and, respectively, upper side two recesses and, the second mobile profile having on each lower and, respectively, upper side other two recesses, the fixed profile having mounted, on the middle of the four outer parts of the recesses, a nut fixed above some through holes, in the outer edge of the fixed profile by which pass screws that secure the mobile profile to the fixed one, with the head shaped as a rosette for being tightened by hand, the mobile profile having built in three groups of four screws placed in the corners of a rectangle, a central group and two on one side and the other, to the central group of screws being secured a support for multiple locking upper joint, by means of a shoe provided with four holes as buttonholes, vertically placed by means of nuts provided with a rosette for being tightened by hand, the upper, support having a semicircular flange whereon it is attached by screws a lower armature of the joint and, in a circumferential channel on the edge of the semicircular flange being inserted the lower edge of the bellows for protecting the multiple locking upper joint, in the upper support under the semi-circular flange being cut a threaded, through hole by which passes a screw in contact with the upper plate, having at its outer end a big rosette for being tightened by hand, for each group of four lateral screws of the mobile profile being attached by means of nuts two lateral "L"-shaped supports, by means of left, and respectively, right rectangular extensions situated on the rear wing of the profile "L", each having four holes in the form of a buttonhole arranged horizontally , the two supports having on the rear part two upper and lower lateral extensions, each being provided with a slot parallel to the edge and close to it, on which there can be attached some belts or some harnesses to secure the occupant, on the lateral wings of the "L" upper profile of said supports being attached lateral rests for shoulders , to correct the kyphosis of spine being used the hyperlordosis of lumbar and cervical spine by gradually tightening the screw in contact with the lower plate and the screw in contact with the upper plate and, to correct scoliosis, there are loosened all screws that fix the mobile profile to the fixed profile and, the mobile profile is moved to the right or to the left, reverse to the deformation direction, together with headrest and the rests for shoulders, then it is secured in the new position by the screws that fix the mobile profile to the fixed profile by screws, from the lower support being adjusted the height of the headrest given the seat, by means of central nuts being adjusted the height of the headrest against the backrest , and by means of the lateral nuts being adjusted the distance between the rests for the shoulders, the sizes of the seat and backrest being adapted to the age groups of children and anthropometric statistics of population that it addresses to, and the shape, dimension and color of all rosettes, adjustment screws and nuts must highlight the complexity of the seat, that can be called astronaut seat, to attract children.

The chair according to the invention, realized in a further embodiment, solves the technical problem, removing the drawbacks mentioned before in that it further comprises a device for rest and relaxation or for patients confined to bed, consisting of a shaped semi-tapered body made of a rigid or slightly resilient material, having two flared laterally left and, respectively, right, trapezoidal curved edges, with the large base next to the body and the outer corners being rounded, the edges shall have a size and rigidity chosen so as to prevent overturning of the device upside down and, placed so that on accidental rolling, the occupant can breathe, in the upper part, at the large diameter of the body being fixed said total headrest by means of a horizontal plate located at the lower part of the total headrest, and a vertical axial gusset behind the headrest, the small base diameter of the body being equal to the hips width of the occupant, and the diameter in the corresponding section of the lower edge of the shoulder rest equals the width of the occupant's shoulder plus 4 ...6 cm or double the thickness of the upholstery of left and respectively right shoulder rests, the total headrest being provided with a partial foldable visor that may be made of an opaque or colored material, according the the user's preference, having the protrusion at the front area and headphones on one side and the other, headphones that can be with or without speakers, under the horizontal plate, the inner part the body being upholstered following the print obtained from 3D scanning the occupant's back, embossing the optimal support areas for the left side and, respectively, for the right side, which are made of polyurethane resilient foam with a density of at least 50 kg / cm, and the remaining interior space up to the level of optimal support left and right areas being filled with fluff or upholstery batting, for fastening the occupant's chest being provided a breastplate connected fixedly to the body with a belt from the upper right comer, at the other three corners of the breastplate being provided the upper left and lower left lateral belt joint end pockets, and a belt joint end pocket in the right, down, laterally, when the device is used for rest and relaxation, for fixing to the body the ends of the belts in the left and right of the upper part, being provided with some supra-scapular points and, for fixing lateral thoracic belts, to the body being provided some points near the left, respectively right optimal support areas, if the device is used for the sick people immobilized in bed, who no longer have control of their upper limbs, then the 3D scanning of the ventral part of the torso is made with hands stuck to the body and, the attachment points for fixing the lateral thoracic belts being placed near the edges of the body, laterally the breastplate having a lever for unlocking the thoracic belts, at the lower part, laterally, in the body being provided some right and, respectively, left protrusions which, at the upper part, are profiled for resting the elbows, and at the lower part, serve to clamp to the body a wide abdominal belt having two parts that close with a bayonet-type system when the device is used for patients confined to bed, on the rear part of edges, in the lower part and, at the middle of the height, being provided two dorsal bosses, each having a through hole, the lower edge of the body being contained in a plane that makes a sharp dihedral angle of 60 ... 80 degrees to the plane of the device edges, said device being able to be provided with possibilities for air conditioning, ventilation and massage.

The chair according to the invention, realized in a further embodiment, solves the technical problem, removing the drawbacks mentioned before in that . it consists of a platform resting on the ground by means of two piano smaller wheels, placed in the front and two larger wheels behind, driven each by an electric motor, central platform having a flap tray foot, hinged by an arm flared downwardly, in front of the platform having a higher support for seat, whose position can be adjusted, having centrally a larger hole, and, below it, in the support being positioned a drawer for manure can be removed from the holder for cleaning in the back, over the seat, about two-thirds of the face, being positioned safety belt attached to the support behind the seat on the support being place the for bedridden patients mentioned device, in the back of the support being positioned two to the left and right columns inclined backwardly at an angle of 60 ... 80 degrees to the plane platform, on each of the columns sliding by two sleeves, each provided with a bent rod provided at the end with a hook to position and secure the device to the support for the seat, by means of hole in the dorsal bosses in the superior part, columns having a handle, on the handle on the left is positioned a for controlling the seat lever, on the platform behind the front support provided a step for the accompanying person.

The chairaccording to the invention, realized in a further embodiment, solves the technical problem, removing the drawbacks shown before in that . it further comprises a shaped, upholstered backrest having in the upper central part, a recess located between the upper left and, respectively, right protrusions for belts of said upper thoracic safety, with a depth of

10 33% of the backrest height height and a shape allowing the descent into the recess of the partial headrest, with variable opening, positioned above the backrest either by means of a multiple locking upper joint with limited flexibility, or by means of a multiple upper joint or a rigid support, all of which lower an extension consists of two rods slotted amending and fixing height headache, partial variable opening restraint, for a 10 ... 35 cm, covered with a protection bellows, according to statistics anthropometric population to whom the middle of passenger respectively, 1 ... 3% of the total number of seats, preferably the adjacent intervals between the rows of seats and can be made with sizes exceptional backrest, respectively, of the headrest, profiling upholstered backrest having higher side two shoulders and left, respectively, right shoulder rest, fixed firmly attached to the shaped, upholstered backrest soft so that the bearing surface is continuous, a headrest, partial with opening variable, is composed of some symmetric mobile parts and a dorsal central coast, in connection with the profiling backrest, the mobile parts, rotating together, with locking to the dorsal rib with 10 ... 25 degrees to the original position, set for the anthropometric average head

circumference population we serve means of transport, on every mobile part laterally, being connected a semi-elastic band, centrally upholstered, with possibilities of adjusting and fixing the length at each end, for securing the occupant's head in the partial headrest and that can hold an opaque eye mask disposable.

The chair according to the invention, by construction and application, presents following advantages:

- protects human body parts in direct contact or in close proximity to the chair, even if the individual occupies it a relatively long time;

- it is flexible, in that it provides the circumduction movement of the head given the torso and of the torso given the seat, while the backrest and headrest are following the body areas they are in contact with, participating actively to return to its original position;

- it can be used to strengthen the back and neck muscles;

- corrects the position of spine and strengthens the back muscles and neck of children;

- ensures complete rest and relaxation;

- ensures a correct seated posture for adults;

- provides rest, relaxation and deep and refreshing sleep;

- provides a variety of positions for patients confined to bed and the possibility of traveling and touring_s with huge benefits for their recovery;

- increases the active safety of the vehicle driver in that it can notice imminent danger at all times, regardless of the driver's body position and visual and / or acoustic warning;

- increases the passive safety of the driver and passengers of a means of transport, by significantly reducing the consequences of an accident, including chain collision and rolling;

- substantially reduces the dynamic stresses on the body of a motor vehicle occupants in a crash, by cushioning the torso movements while in seated position and of the head against the torso;

- ensures a good insulation for passengers with respect to the vibrations of the resistance structure of the means of transport,

- due to the form of the chair used in the means of transport destined to people on several rows of chairs, it increases the space for the knees, so that the distance between rows of chairs can be lowered by up to 8cm.

- relatively simple design and easy maintenance in time

In the following there are provided fifteen embodiments of the seat according to the invention, in connection with Figs. 1-30, wherein:

- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a rigid chair with a partial backrest and one armrest part;

- Figure 2 is a top plan view of the lobed shape of a seat of the chair according to the invention;

- Figure 3 is a perspective view of a rigid chair with a high backrest;

- Figure 4 is a perspective view of a rigid chair with a high backrest and headrest;

- Figure 5 is a perspective view of a set of three rigid chairs from Figure 1 ;

- Figure 6 is a perspective view of an upholstered inner chair according to the invention;

- Figure 7 is a section on the plane AA in the seat shown in Figure 6;

- Figure 8 is a section along line BB through the multiple joints of the seat in Figure 7;

- Figure 9 is a view in the direction F through the multiple joints shown in Figure 7;

- Figure 10, upper armature for fixing the multiple joints to the backrest or headrest;

- Figure 1 1, lower armature for fixing the multiple joints to the backrest or headrest;

- Figure 12 is a perspective view of a car driver or passenger chair, according to the invention;

- Figure 13 is a section taken along line DD shown in Figures 12 and 14, through the multiple locking joint of the chair;

- Figure 14 is a section taken along line EE shown in Figure 13, through the multiple locking joint;

- Figure 15 is a block diagram of a hydrostatic circuit for actuating the multiple locking joint. - Figure 16 is a perspective view of a row of three chairs for the rear part of a car or for means of transport with several rows, destined to people;

- Figure 17 is a perspective view of a chair for a driver or passenger, on the front seats, realized in another embodiment;

- Figure 18 is a perspective view of a cushion for seating according to the invention, for the endowment of a commonly known chair;

- Figure 19 is a perspective view of a cover according to the invention for a commonly known chair with a high backrest;

- Figure 20 is a perspective view of a chair to relax, rest and strengthening exercises for the back and neck muscles;

- Figure 21 is a perspective view of a medicinal chair for relaxation, rest, strengthening exercises for back and neck muscles and spine curvature correction destined to children and adults;

- Figure 22 is a rear view of the chair backrest shown in Figure 21 ;

- Figure 23 is a section along FF line shown in Figure 24;

- Figure 24 is a perspective view of a device for rest and relaxation or for patients confined to bed;

- Figure 25 is a partial view in the direction J' of the device shown in Figure 24;

- Figure 26 is a partial view in the direction K' of the device shown in Figure 24;

- Figure 27 is a perspective view of a motor chair for moving and transporting a patient confined to bed.

- Figure 28 is a rear view of the human body, with highlighting the optimal contact areas with the seat according to the invention;

- Figure 29 is a side view of the human body, with highlighting the optimal contact areas with the seat according to the invention;

- Figure 30 is a perspective view of a row of three chair in the rear part of a car or means of transport on several rows, destined to people, in another embodiment.

Constructive version 1. In this constructive version, the rigid chair according to the invention can be made of plastic or wood material and is made up of a seating support or some known legs for positioning on a support surface, situation which is not reproduced in the figures, to which is fixed a superior shaped seat 1, which in turn, is in connection with a partial rigid backrest 2 partially shaped according to the lumbar curvature in the front, which ends at the superior part with an armrest 3, which is continued on both sides of the backrest 2 on two thirds of the seat's 1 length after which the armrest 3 descends and is attached to the lateral side of the seat 1. Seen from above the seat 1 has a lobed form, whose contour from the axis of symmetry from the rear side to the right, consist of a straight or slightly broken line a, perpendicularly to the symmetry axis, which is connected by a inwardly curved concave line b, the three inwardly slightly, convex curved lines c, d and e , connected to one another by two curved, concave inwardly, lines f and g forming two knots. The contour of the the front part being a deeply lobed line determining four differently between them in shape lobes h, i, j and k. So the second from the edge lobe i being the longest, of about two fifths of the depth of the seat 1, lobes fa and j adjacent said lobe i being shorter by 10 - 22% of its length, and the joined the symmetry axis lobe k is the shortest, having a length of 20 -35% shorter length than than the lenght thereof. The lobes h, i, j and k have tip thicknesses descending towards the axis of symmetry of the lobed form and have an elongated shape that narrows towards the front side, their tip being elliptical, so the connection between them having a half width as the thicker neighboring tip. The tips of lobes fa, i and j being flared downwardly of the rigid seat 1. The spaces between the lobes fa, i, j aud k constituting each one recess which is higher in the front thereof and which at the rear, in the connection area between the lobes fa, i, j and k, reaches the smooth surface between protrusions m. The upper surface of the lobed shaped rigid seat 1 being curved, in cross-section there is a curve with its concavity upwards, and in longitudinal section, over a length equal to two- thirds of the depth of the seat 1, starting from the straight or slightly broken line a there is a curve with its concavity upwards, and in the previous third it being gradually changed in a curve with its concavity facing downwards. In the central part of the rigid seat 1, on one side and the other of the symmetry axis there is provided a gap in the form of a drop S, with the circular part placed near the straight or slightly broken line a and the shaip part placed towards the front. On the lateral contour and on the inwardly concave curved line b, being located the upper protrusion m having its external shape identical to that of the contour formed by the lines b, c, d, e, f asid g thereof, and inwardly having the contour of two inwardly convex curved lines n and o intersecting at the short, as knot inwardly concave curved line f. The upper surface of each protrusion in of the rigid seat 1, being preferably shaped in the form of the upper surface of the human palm thumb, when having the palm facing upwards. Between the protrusion m and the gap I being provided two cavities p placed on either side of the axis of symmetry, which can be assimilated with the two cupped human hands positioned upwardly. When the seat is placed in uncovered spaces, in the seat 1, ^"at the gap I and cavities p being practiced a hole r to drain water. The rigid seat 1 being continued with the partial rigid backrest 2 placed lower in the rear part between the protrusions m. On both sides of the vertical symmetry plane of the seat 1, on the partial rigid backrest 2, starting from the seat 1 and up to the upper part s of the rigid armrest 3 being provided a channel t. The distance between of some the lateral parts is and v of the armrest 3 being 10 ... 30% greater than the width of the seat 1. The upper part of the armrest 3 being mostly horizontal and having rounded edges.

Constructive version 2. In this constructive version, the rigid chair according to the invention is made of rigid seat 1, to which is attached a total rigid backrest A made of a high profiled backrest body 4 which has trapeze shape on three quarters of the height with the small base directed downwards, the last upper quarter being rectangular with the width equal to the big base of the trapeze. On the central part of the total rigid backrest A , on one side and the other of the vertical symmetry axis is provided a w channel which begins near rigid seat 1 and ends to an upper x edge of the seat A. The latter has a superior y portion wider for two thirds of the height, of concave shape towards the front part, corresponding to the thoracic curvature of the spine, and a lower part of the rigid backrest z which occupies the last bottom third of the height, convex to the front part, corresponding to the lumbar curvature of the spine. To the total rigid backrest A at approximately a quarter of height from the seat 1 are attached two armrests 5 and 6 right and, respectively, left which is continued on the sides of the rigid seat 1 on two thirds of its depth thereafter descending and being secured laterally to the seat.

Constructive version 3. In this constructive version, the rigid chair according to the invention is made of seat 1, to which is attached a high rigid backrest B having at the upper part, rectangular in form, laterally secured on one side and the other, the left and, respectively, rigid shoulder rests 7 and 8, rectangular or trapezoidal in shape, having the large base next to the high backrest B. The horizontal angle between the shoulder rests 7 and 8 and high backrest B, being of approximately 100 degrees. At the upper, central part, to the high backrest B, being secured the forwardly profiled partial rigid headrest forwardly profiled 9 formed of two lower and upper parts a' and b\ The lower part a' being connected with the high backrest B and the upper part b' being destined to support and sustain the future occupant's head 129. The lower part a' having the shape of the surface of the high backrest B, when contacting it, form that turns into a toroidal sector in contact with the upper part b'. The last one is shaped as an ellipsoidal sector, which is obtained by rotating the head with the neck C7 vertebra around regarded as fixed, as a conical surface with an angle of 3 - 15 degres. One side and the other of the vertical axis of symmetry being positioned the channels c' starting from close to the rigid seat 1 continue of the hig rigid backrest B, also continuing on the lower part a' of the headrest 9.

Constructive version 4. In this version of realization are reunited in groups of three rigid chairs as represented in fig. 1, each group being constituted of a seating support, a rigid seat 1, a partial rigid backrest 2 and an armrest 3 making an rigid ensemble of three chairs BP which allows placement in public places like waiting rooms, stadiums, urban public transportation, terraces, parks, public or private gardens, generally for limited duration sittings. In the H⁵ ensemble the n and v parts of armrests 3 are united in such a manner that portion v of an armrest 3 is united with the ω portion of the adjacent armrest.

Constructive version 5. In this constructive version, the chair according to the invention is made of the seating support on the floor or soil which can be provided with a damper and with some devices with the possibility of rotation and movement, height adjustment, and respectively of a inner upholstered profiled seat 11. The inner upholstered profiled seat 11 is in connection, via a multiple lower joint C with a profiled upholstered backrest for dwelling D, given the latter being positioned, through another multiple upper joint E, a inner partial upholstered headrest 12. Seat 11 is made of a lobed shaped core unrepresented in the figures with an identical construction with lobed shape of a seat 1 represented in figure 2 of polyurethane foam with density equal or bigger than 50 kg/mc, covered with fluff or upholstery batting and a textile or exterior leather cover, so that the h, i, j and k lobes are apparently united between them laterally, or the union is suggested through stitches. The C and E multiple joints inferior and respectively superior have an identical construction, only the dimensions are different, situation in which, is represented the construction of C joint. The last one is made of cylindrical elastic cores 13, preferably made of rubber or

thermoformed polyurethane, each being placed and fixed, by gluing or vulcanization, to some upper and, respectively, lower metallic armatures 14 and 15. Each upper armature 14 having one edge flared on the rear side f , limiting and blocking the movement towards the rear side of the profiled upholstered backrest for dwelling D, or the inner partial upholstered headrest 12, by contact with the metalic upper armature 14 placed lower. An edge f of the metalic upper armature 14, seen from behind, having a lower surface g' curved so that, by positioning relative to a fiat upper surface fa' of the upper armature 14, placed lower, to ensure interstices I' and j' on one side and the other, with maximum values at the ends. The lower armature 15 having some lateral and, respectively, front bendings k', V and m which cover some lateral and front edges m ©' and ' of the upper armature 14 underside, for guiding and fixing each adjacent upper armatures 14 and lower armatures 15. To fix the joints C and E of the seat 11 and backrest D and, respectively, to the latter one and to the headrest 12, each having one of some metallic upper and lower armatures 16 and 17 which are provided with threaded through holes r' and s' by means if which there are fixed with screws unplayed in figures. The metallic armatures 16 and 17, and, implicitly around the joint being coated with an elastic bellows 18, preferably made of rubber. The number, size and rigidity of the cilindrical elastic core 13 are adapted to the anthropometric measurements and weight of the occupant. The profiled upholstered backrest for dwelling D being formed of a profiled shaped elongated body 19, with a convex lower narrow portion ί', corresponding to the lumbar curvature of the spine and a concave upper broad portion u', corresponding to the thoracic curvature of the spine and having higher, laterally, two rests adjustable for shoulders 20 and 21, trapezoidal in shape, with the large base facing the backrest D, laterally adjustable given a profiled, elongated body 19 of the backrest D, situation itself known but unabated in figures. On the entire height of body 19 being practiced an open channel v' to the outside to protect the vertebral apophyses. Laterally, higher, at the level of convex lower portion t', of body 19 being hinged, with possibility of adjusting or not, situation itself known but unabated in figures, two armrests 22 and 23. The headrest 12 having an inner surface w' shaped as the upper portion b' of the partial rigid headrest 9, except that, instead of the channel c', it is provided a large recess v" to avoid contact with the spinous region of the cervical spine and allow people with long hair to get it out backwards. The upholstered chair described being able to be multiplied into a seating assembly for more people, such as, for example, a sofa, where the gaps on the bench between the lobed foam shapes and the spaces between backrests of resilient polyurethane high density foam are to be filled with fluff or upholstery batting.

Constructive version 6. In this example of realization the chair according to the invention is placed in a vehicle on the front seats and is made of the mounting support for the floor provided with some adjustment devices, situation itself known but unabated in figures, to which is fixed the a G sea tfitted with safety belts, superior shaped as seat 11, in connection through a multiple inferior joint H with blocking, to a shaped backrest I. In relation to the latter is positioned, through another multiple upper locking joint J, a partial headrest K, shaped and upholstered at the interior and on the outside. The G seat has an identical construction to seat 11 with the characteristic that on one side and the other, underneath, at a third to the back edge has two protuberances x' in which is positioned a 24 safety seatbelt in two points, adjustable in length, situation itself known but unabated in figures. The multiple locking joints H and J lower and, respectively, upper having an identical construction, differing only in size, in which case it is still used the construction of the multiple locking the lower joint H. The latter is made of some resilient cylindrical elements 25, preferably made of rubber or thermoformed polyurethane, penetrated by a axial channel y' having a central portion z' in the form of a sphere. Each element 25 having at its ends some cuffs a" entering the chamfered holes b" with a height less than the one of the cuffs a" being attached to metal armatures 26 and 27, upper and, respectively, lower the bottom having that are discshaped. Resilient elements 25 being in even numbers and being circularly arranged, equidistantly, on an inner diameter of said armatures 26 and 27. Central, each of the armatures 26 and 27 having of a truncated cone embossing c". In center of said drawing in the upper armature 26 being provided a hole in which is inserted an upper riveted pivot 29, having a lower portion d" in the shape of a truncated cone terminated by a lower spherical sector e". I the other lower armature 27, in the drawing c" being provided a central hole ended with a lower spherical chamfer, corresponding to the spherical sector e", and in the upper portion being conically chamfered with an vertex angle greater than that of the lower portion d" of the pin 29. Laterally on the direction betwen the chamfered holes b" in the lower armature 27 being provided a pierced hole f whose diameter is greater than that of the spherical sector e" connected to a channel g" having a width greater than that of the below portion d" the pivot 29 connecting the pierced hole f ' with a hole c" in the drawing of the lower armature 27. By means of the pivot 29 forming some pairs of spherically hinged armatures 26 and 27, spaced apart by means of the resilient elements 25. The pairs of neighboring armatures 27 and 26 being held together through some peripheral fixing clips L , which are not placed in adjacent spaces between resilient elements 25, which are tightened with a coupling screw 33 inserted into the recesses h" practiced in neighboring armatures 27 and 26 to the occasion occurs and centering. Through alternative placing up and down of the peripheral fixing L clips in the spaces between the resilient elements 25 situated at the same level, is assembled the entire H joint. For the fixation of the H and H joints to the G seat and, respectively, to the I backrest, as well as to the I backrest and, respectively, K headrest each of them has some 35 and 36 armatures, superior and, respectively, inferior which are provided with some j" and k" threaded holes, in the spaces between elements 25 for some 37 and 38 fixing screws. In armature 35 are introduced some resilient elements 39 closed at the superior side. The inferior fitting 36 makes the connection between the columns of elements 25 with a hydrostatic installation of blocking of the joints H and J through some seals 40. The joints H and J are covered with an elastic bellow M, nailing, made of two parts 1" and m" frontal and dorsal. The I" part is made preferably of thinner rubber, and, respectively, the dorsal part m" is made of high density polyurethane foam, thicker, which in the lateral side covers the 1" part. The progressive control of joints H and J elasticity is insured by an electronic control and diagnostic unit I' connected to a vehicle battery. The unit I' controlling the fluid pressure being formed by means of a main acceleration or deceleration multidirectional sensor 41 controlling a device for hydrostatic pressurizing 42, which may be a hydrostatic cylinder actuated electromagnetically with a buffer tank connected by a high pressure hydrostatic circuit 43 with the multiple locking joints of the seats in the vehicle. The electronic control and diagnostic unit Γ being provided with a backup power circuit 44, with a safety switch 45, and a multidirectional safety sensor 46, in case of failure of the main sensor and a self-diagnosis circuit 47, which controls a self- diagnosis display 48 on a display of the vehicle and / or on the visor R or the paretial visor W of the partial and, respectively, total headrest of the driver. The size of the cilindrical resilient element 25, the physical characteristics of the resilient material, the number of pairs of armatures 26 and 27 and the software control of the hydrostatic locking being adapted to the anthropometric dimensions and weight of the occupant. For this purpose the upholstered seat having safety belts G is provided with a weighing strain gauges. The upper backrest I, consisting of a profiling bakrest body 49 , D like backrest, having a convex lower narrow portion n" , which corresponds to the curvature of the lumbar spine, and, respectively, an upper wide concave portion o" corresponding to the curvature of the thoracic spine and which has in the upper lateral side, two adjustable trapezoidal shoulder rests 50 and 51, with large base located next to the profiling backrest body 49 and continuing to the rear with the upholstered portions p" that covers and protects the adjustable zone of rests 50 and 51, situation shown in fig. 12 only left backrest L Along the entire height profiling backrest body 49, being realized an outwardly open channel r", profiled and sized in such a manner to protect the vertebral apophyses. Laterally, in the upper part, at the convex portion ø", to the profiling backrest body 49 being hinged, with adjustable and blocking capability, two entirely upholstered armrests 52 and 53, situation shown in fig. 12 only left backrest I. The upper body profiling backrest 49 having some protrusions s " and t" which are positioned above the left and right lateral cervical of the occupant's and whereon there are fixed upper fixed safety belts 54 and 55 , and laterally above the elbows ajustable, ulpholstered entirely restraint 52 and 53 being provided protrusions u" for fastening of safety belts lateral, of wihich the figures reprezented only 56 safety left belt. The upper fixed safety belt 55 placed towards the passenger compartment is fitted to a the square breastplate N made of a flexible material but impenetrable, such as graphen. In the other three corners, one on the top and the two sides of the breastplate N , there being provided two belts joint end pockets 58 and 59 engaging with the ends of the upper and lateral belts 54 and 56, the left and, respectively, from the end belt side right, do not show in the draving. Laterally, on the left side of the breastplate N, being mounted a lever 61 to unlocking the upper and, respectively, the left side belt 54 and 56 and the other moving belt. Safety belts 54, 5, 56 and the other mobile safety belt are fixed in relation to the backrest and adjustable as length to adjust perfectly to the waist of the occupant, situation itself known, but unabated in the figures. Behind the superior backrest I, axial, at the upper limit of portion o" is provided a protrusion 62 upholstered at the exterior, which has in the maximum upper section the shape and dimension of bellow IVf of the multiple locking, upper joint J. The partial K headrest is made of a body 63 shaped as an ellipsoidal sector, made from rigid plastic material, situation itself known, but unabated in figures, upholstered at the interior with polyurethane foam with memory, and to the exterior with high density polyurethane foam. At the bottom part, in the back, body 63 hawing a recess v" not allowing the occupant's head 129 coming into contact with the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae. Laterally on the body 63 of the partial headrest there are mounted two left and right headphones P and O. Each having the shape of an oval cylinder 134 made of thermoformed polyurethane or another semi-rigid material and which are able to slide transversely in / from the body 63 of the partial headrest and having the cylinder generatrix greater than the thickness of bodies 63 of said partial , being held outwardly by a corresponding resilient blade,situation itself known, but unabated in the figures. In the upper part, the exterior base of the cylindrical, oval body 134 being provided with champfers w" that extend up to the outer surface of the partial headrest ,situation shown in fig. 12 only left backrest I. At the inside the cylindrical, oval body 134 having, circumferentially, a ring 64 made of polyurethane memory foam, and in the center of the ring 64 being placed a speaker 65, situation shown in fig. 12 only left backrest L Above and behind each cylindrical oval body 134, on both sides of the partial headrest K being provided a joint 66, by means of which a rebatable visor R is secured, made of transparent and impenetrable material. The visor R having the form of an ellipsoidal sector, with interior dimension larger than the external dimensions of headrest , which can be slid over without touch. The joints 66 having two limiting position respectively open and closed the visor, situation itself known, but unabated in the figures. The lower lateral edges x" of the visor R, in rebated position being placed in the immediate vicinity of the chamfer w" of the cylindrical, oval body (134) . In the front side, on the inside, both the visor R, being provided with a protrusion 67 formed as half of a toroidal sector, made of polyurethane memory foam. Centrally, the front edge of the visor (R) being provided with a recess y" for the nose and, on one part and the other of the recess y" being the lateral portions z" and a'" of the visor R equipped with one OLED transparent display, unbated situation in figures. Inside the lateral portions z" and a"', depending on the needs of the occupant, there may be permanently placed by fastening or removably, by means of clips, the lens for vision correction or for viewing the screen of the smartphone, in front of the lateral portions z" and a'" there can be removably placed a frame for smartphone, situation itself known, but unabated in the figures. For the driver, close to the recess y" for the nose, on one side and the other, there are placed two anti-sleeping with warning sensors b'" and c"'.

Constructive version 7. In this version of realization of the claimed invention the chairs, according to the invention, for the back seats or means of transportation for passengers on multiple rows, are reunited preferably in groups of three, each group being constituted of a seating support, a seat G, a backrest R and a rest K. To the support are attached through some 30 joints some S and T simple armrests for the seats on the edge and respectively double rests for the interval between the chairs in the row. The S and T armrests are made of some triangular shape 28 supports, cropped at the inside, made of metal or resistant plastic material. The 30 joints insure folding in the interval between the chairs or respectively, at the edge of the row and blocking in working position,situation itself known, but unabated in the figures.situation itself known, but unabated in the figuressituation itself known, but unabated in the figures. On the superior side of support 28, in working position, are found some 31 and 32 simple and respectively double top armrests, made of elastic polyurethane foam of high density over 70 kg/mc, upholstered, with the work surface slightly curved in longitudinal plan and more curved in transversal plan, and inclined with approximately 10...20 degrees to the inside of chairs. The 32 top armrests inside the row of chairs have double width and transversal inclination towards the next chairs. Each chair in the row has the G seat shaped superior which is in connection through a simple 68 joint with possibilities of inclination and blocking, situation commonly known, but unrepresented in the figures, with a shaped R seat. In relation to the latter is positioned through a multiple J joint with blocking, superior with limited flexibility, whether of a multiple superior E joint or a rigid support, both with height adjustment possibility, situation itself known, but unabated in the figures, the partial K headrest. The R backrest has 4 fixed seatbelts in four points attached in the front to the armor N and has fixed shoulder rests d'" which are common body with the Q profiled backrest, and a U visor placed on the partial headrest K can be without the y" release and the portions z" and a"' can be provided or not with displays.

Constructive version 8. In this example of realization the chair according to the invention for the auto driver or the passenger in the front seats of a vehicle is made of the support for the fixation of the floor, seat G, H and J joints, backrest I and a total headrest V and a partial foldable visor W. The total headrest V has a upper part of the headrest e"' placed over the crown, which closes at the top the ellipsoidal sector shape of the V total headrest. The partial foldable visor W is similar from the constructive pint of view with the R visor without being provided with the proper upper part of the hearrest e" ' .

Constructive version 9. In this example of realization of the invention is presented the cushion 69 for the seat, to be placed on the existing chairs. The cushion 69 is made of a sandwich of fabric or leather over the upholstery batting, covering a lobed shape core of high density polyurethane foam like at seat G.

Constructive version 10. In this example of realization of the invention is presented the cover X for the current chairs with high backrest. The cover X having the cushion 69 for the seat made of a sandwich of fabric, upholstery batting and a lobed shape core of high density polyurethane foam, relatively with a value bigger than 50 k/mc,, having the rectangular contour. The portion corresponding to the backrest w"" of the cover X being made of two protuberances 70 and 71 right and, respectively, left, shaped, profiled on one side and the other of the vertical symmetry axis, at a distance of approximately 4...6 cm one from the other. These protuberances 70 and 71 having each one lower convex curvature portion f ", corresponding to the lumbar curvature of the spin, and a uppere concave curvature g'" portion, corresponding to the thoracic curvature of the spin. In the superior part of the portion of the cover coresponding to the backrest w"" are provided two lateral upper profusions h'" and i'" next to the right and, respectively, left scapula which have a conic sector shape with the base to the exterior. The cover X for the current chairs with high backrest can be fixed to the seat and the backrest with laces or velcro at the front and up corners and at the bend between the seat and backrest. By placing the cover X between the occupant and a seat and a backrest, the forms of effective areas of contact between the future occupant's buttocks 127 and the seating areas for the chair 130 and 131 left and, respectively, right resemble the form of optimal seating areas 122 and 123 left and, respectively, right, and the forms of effective areas of contact between the future occupant's back 128 and the support areas for the chair 132 and 133 left and, respectively, right resemble the form of optimal support areas 124 and 125 left and, respectively, right.

Constructive version 11. In this example of realization of the invention the chair for relaxation and rest and for exercises and strengthening of the back and neck musculature is made of a support M' with five arms disposed as a star, stationary, with pneumatic bumper and with mechanism 77 for the adjustment of the position for the upholstered G seat with safety seat belts, to the support M'. On the mechanism 77 is positioned a seat G to which, through multiple lower locking joint H is attached the profiled upholstered backrest I, to the latter being positioned through multiple upper locking joint J the partial headrest K. On one of the arms of support M' is mounted a hydraulic leg pump 78 provided with a gauge 79. The pump 78 is in connection, through some tubings, with the multiple joints H and J, with blocking, inferior and, respectively, superior.

Constructive version 12. In this example of realization of the invention the medicinal chair for relaxation and rest, for exercises of strengthening of the back and neck musculature and for straightening the spine for children and adults, of dimensions corresponding to the age groups, which comprises a support with more arms on which is mounted a hydraulic pump that through pipelines increases the pressure as desired in the joints of multiple locking bottom and top, and a seat upholstered with a belt in two points, two restraint elbow and, respectively, a breastplate with seat thorax and a restraint for the head part, and that a mechanism for regulating the position of the seat to support. The chair comprises a upholstered backrest for medicinal chair Z formed by an upholstered, shaped, elongated cushion 80, having a convex lower narrow portion n" corresponding to the lumbar curvature of the spine and, respectively, a concave upper wide portion j^m, corresponding to the thoracic curvature of the spine. Full height the backrest Z having practiced an outwardly open channel 75, to protect the vertebral apophyses. This channel 75 being narrower near the upholstered seat G and at least three times wider at the upper edge. The cushion 80 being fixed in the rear part on three lower, intermediate and upper plates A', 86 and B\ The lower plate A' corresponding to the convex lower narrow portion n" made of an elastic material, connected at the lower part by fixed joints 81 to the lower edges of the two cylindrical columns 82 and 83 parallel to each other. The columns 82 and 83 having two lower and, respectively, upper parts k "' and Y", the first lower part k"' corresponding to the lumbar curvature being straight, and in the upper part " being shaped following the thoracic curvature. At the upper part of the lower plate A' is caught by two mobile joints 84, which are attached laterally by two sleeves sliding 85 on the straight portion k of the columns 82 and 83. The rigid intermediate plate 86 being shaped following the thoracic curvature and the contour of cushion 80 and, being non-detachably secured to the columns 82 and 83. The upper plate B' being attached by two lateral joints 87 at the upper edge of the intermediate plate 86, being an edge 88 resting on the ends of the columns 82 and 83. Under the sleeves 85, on the right lower part k'" of the columns 82 and 83 being attached a lower support C, made up of an inner part 145 provided with two semi-cylindrical channels with parallel axes therebetween corresponding to the columns 82 and 83, having on each lateral part two threaded holes by means of which it is attached by screws to the exterior part D' of the support C and having a through hole between the columns at the upper part. The exterior part D' having the body d' of the same shape as the inner part 145 , with the difference that the four lateral holes are through holes for the screws 90 provided at the outer end with a rosette to be operated by hand. Upper exterior part D' having centrally a threaded boss 91 wherein a screw 92 is threaded being in contact with the lower plate A' and, in the lower part, having a semicircular shoe 76, whereon a multiple locking lower joint H is attached by means of screws 37. At the upper part of the columns 82 and 83 being secured a fixed transversally device E', whose shape in horizontal view may be straight or curved, with the concavity towards the front part, for fixing and adjusting the left and, respectively, right shoulder rests 93 and 94. The device E' consisting of a fixed profile F' made of metal or hard plastic material, having the cross-sectional shape of the letter "C" wherein another mobile profile 95 is sliding, having in section the shape of letter "U" with exterior lateral slots, for each edge. The central fixed profile F' having on its each lower and, respectively, upper side two recesses m"' and n"' and, the second mobile profile 95 having on each lower and, respectively, upper side other two recesses o^m and p'". The fixed profile F' having mounted, on the middle of the four outer parts of the recesses m"' and n"' a nut 96 fixed above some through holes, in the outer edge of the fixed profile F' by which pass screws 97 that secure the mobile profile 95 to the fixed one, with the head shaped as a rosette for being tightened by hand. The mobile profile 95 having built in three groups of four screws placed in the corners of a rectangle, a central group and two on one side and the other. To the central group of screws being secured a support G' for multiple locking upper joint J, by means of a shoe 72 provided with four holes as buttonholes 98, vertically placed by means of nuts 99 provided with a rosette for being tightened by hand. The upper, support G' having a semicircular flange 100 whereon it is attached by screws a lower armature 36 of the joint J and, in a circumferential channel on the edge of the semicircular flange 100 being inserted the lower edge of the bellows M for protecting the multiple locking upper joint J. In the upper support G' under the semi-circular flange 100 being cut a threaded, through hole by which passes a screw 101 in contact with the upper plate B', having at its outer end a big rosette 102 for being tightened by hand. For each group of four lateral screws of the mobile profile 95 being attached by means of nuts 99 two lateral "L"-shaped supports 103 and 104, by means of left, and respectively, right rectangular extensions r" and s'" situated on the rear wing of the profile "L", each having four holes 98 in the form of a buttonhole arranged horizontally. The two supports 103 and 104 having on the rear part two upper and lower lateral extensions t'" and u^w, each being provided with a slot v"' parallel to the edge and close to it, on which there can be attached some belts or some harnesses to secure the occupant. On the lateral wings of the "L" upper profile of said supports 103 and 104 being attached lateral rests for shoulders 93 and 94. To correct the kyphosis of spine being used the hyperlordosis of lumbar and cervical spine by gradually tightening the screw 92 in contact with the lower plate A' and the screw 101 in contact with the upper plate B\ To correct scoliosis, there are loosened all screws 97 that fix the mobile profile 95 to the fixed profile F' and, the mobile profile 95 is moved to the right or to the left, reverse to the deformation direction, together with headrest and the rests for shoulders, then it is secured in the new position by the screws 97 that fix the mobile profile 95 to the fixed profile F'. By screws 90, from the lower support C being adjusted the height of the headrest Z given the seat, by means of central nuts 99 being adjusted the height of the headrest K against the backrest Z, and by means of the lateral nuts 99 being adjusted the distance between the rests for the shoulders 93 and 94, The sizes of the seat G and backrest Z being adapted to the age groups of children and anthropometric statistics of population that it addresses to, and the shape, dimension and color of all rosettes, adjustment screws and nuts must highlight the complexity of the seat, that can be called astronaut seat, to attract children.

Constructive version 13. In the thirteenth example of realization of the invention is presented a device N' for rest and relaxation or for patients confined to bed, consisting of a shaped semi-tapered body 105 made of a rigid or slightly resilient material, having two flared laterally left and, respectively, right w^w and x^w, trapezoidal curved edges, with the large base next to the body 105 and the outer corners being rounded. The edges w'" and %'" shall have a size and rigidity chosen so as to prevent overturning of the device N' upside down and, placed so that on accidental rolling, the occupant can breathe. In the upper part, at the large diameter of the body 105 being fixed said total headrest V by means of a horizontal plate 106 located at the lower part of the total headrest V, and a vertical axial gusset 107 behind the headrest V. The small base diameter of the body 105 being equal to the hips width of the occupant, and the diameter in the corresponding section of the lower edge of the shoulder rest 135 and 136 equals the width of the occupant's shoulder plus 4 ...6 cm or double the thickness of the upholstery of left and respectively right shoulder rests 135 and 136. The total headrest V being provided with a partial foldabie visor W that may be made of an opaque or colored material, according the the user's preference, having the protrusion 67 at the front area and headphones P and O on one side and the other, headphones that can be with or without speakers. Under the horizontal plate 106, the inner part the body 105 being upholstered following the print obtained from 3D scanning the occupant's back, embossing the optimal support areas 124 and 125 for the left side and, respectively, for the right side, which are made of polyurethane resilient foam with a density of at least 50 kg / cm, and the remaining interior space up to the level of optimal support left and right areas 124 and 125 being filled with fluff or upholstery batting. For fastening the occupant's chest being provided a breastplate N connected fixedly to the body 105 with a belt 55 from the upper right corner, at the other three corners of the breastplate N being provided the upper left and lower left lateral belt joint end pockets 58 and 59, and a belt joint end pocket in the right, down, laterally. When the device is used for rest and relaxation, for fixing to the body 105 the ends of the belts 54 in the left and right of the upper part, being provided with some supra-scapular points γ" and z"' and, for fixing lateral thoracic belts, to the body 105 being provided some points a"" and b"" near the left, respectively right optimal support areas 124 and 125. If the device is used for the sick people immobilized in bed, who no longer have control of their upper limbs, then the 3D scanning of the ventral part of the torso is made with hands stuck to the body and, the attachment points c^,m and d for fixing the lateral thoracic belts being placed near the edges w^f" and s^w of the body 105. Laterally the breastplate N having a lever 61 for unlocking the thoracic belts. At the lower part, laterally, in the body 105 being provided some right and, respectively, left protrusions e"" and f which, at the iipper part, are profiled for resting the elbows, and at the lower part, serve to clamp to the body 105 a wide abdominal belt 108 having two parts that close with a bayonet-type system. When the device Ν' is used for patients confined to bed, on the rear part of edges ^w and x"', in the lower part and, at the middle of the height, being provided two dorsal bosses 109, each having a through hole q". The lower edge of the body 105 being contained in a plane that makes a sharp dihedral angle of 60 ... 80 degrees to the plane of the device N' edges, said device being able to be provided with possibilities for air conditioning, ventilation and massage.

Constructive version 14. In the fourteenth example of realization of the invention is presented a motorized chair which serves to move and walk bedridden patients comprising a device for resting and traveling with or without the abdominal belt, it consists of a platform L' resting on the ground by means of two piano smaller wheels 144 , placed in the front and two larger wheels 110 behind, driven each by an electric motor. Central platform L' having a flap tray foot 111 , hinged by an arm 112 flared downwardly. In front of the platform L' having a higher support 113 for seat 0\ whose position can be adjusted, having centrally a larger hole 114 , and, below it, in the support 113 being positioned a drawer 115 for manure can be removed from the holder 113 for cleaning in the back. Over the seat O', about two-thirds of the face, being positioned safety belt 24 attached to the support 113. Behind the seat O' on the support 113 being place the for bedridden patients mentioned device N', which can be used without the abdominal belt 108. In the back of the support 113 being positioned two to the left and right columns 116 inclined backwardly at an angle of 60 ... 80 degrees to the plane platform L', on each of the columns 116 sliding by two sleeves 117, each provided with a bent rod 118 provided at the end with a hook to position and secure the device N' to the support 113 for the seat, by means of hole q" in the dorsal bosses 109. In the superior part, columns 116 having a handle 119, on the handle 119 on the left is positioned a for controlling the seat lever (120). On the platform L' behind the front support 113 provided a step 121 for the accompanying person.

Constructive version 15. In the fourteenth example of realization of the claimed invention the chairs according to the invention, grouped in a row for the back seats of a car, or for means of transport for people, on several rows, which comprises several upholstered seats G provided with safety belts, being provided with some simple and double armrests. Each seat being connected by means of a simple joint with possibilities of tilting and locking the position, it further comprises a shaped, upholstered backrest P'. The backrest P* having in the upper central part, a recess s"" located between the upper left and, respectively, right protrusions y"" and z"" for belts of said upper thoracic safety, left and, respectively, right. The recess s"" with a depth of 10 .... 33% of the backrest height P' height and a shape allowing the descent into the recess s"" of the partial headrest R', with variable opening, positioned above the backrest P' either by means of a multiple locking upper joint J with limited flexibility, or by means of a multiple upper joint E or a rigid support, all of which lower an extension consists of two rods slotted amending and fixing height headache, partial variable opening restraint R\ for a 10 ... 35 cm, covered with a protection bellows 139. According to statistics anthropometric population to whom the middle of passenger respectively, 1 ... 3% of the total number of seats, preferably the adjacent intervals between the rows of seats and can be made with sizes exceptional backrest P' , respectively, of the headrest whit variable opening R'. Profiling upholstered backrest P' having higher side two shoulders and left, respectively, right shoulder rest q'" and q"", fixed firmly attached to the shaped, upholstered backrest P' soft so that the bearing surface is continuous. The headrest, partial with opening variable R', is composed of some symmetric mobile parts 140 and 141 and a dorsal central coast 142, in connection with the profiling backrest P'. The mobile parts 140 and 141, rotating together, with locking to the dorsal rib 142 with 10 ... 25 degrees to the original position, set for the anthropometric average head circumference population we serve means of transport. On every mobile part 140 and 141 laterally, being connected a semi-elastic band 143, centrally upholstered, with possibilities of adjusting and fixing the length at each end, for securing the occupant's head 129 in the partial headrest R' and that can hold an opaque eye mask disposable. Due to the flexible connections between the headrest and the backrest and between the backrest and the seat passengers will be isolated against the vibrations in the resistance structure of the means of transportations for persons, increasing by this, substantially, the comfort of the journey.

The rigid chair according to the invention is used in public places like waiting rooms, stadiums, urban public transportations, terraces, parks, public or private gardens, in general for limited duration sitting. By the shape and relief of the composing parts even for limited time sitting the chairs insure a comfortable and healthy sitting by transmitting the sitting pressures according to optimal seating areas 122 and 123, the support pressures according to optimal support areas 124 and 125, and the support and head rest pressures according to optimal support and holding of the head area 126.

The key for all office chairs is the freedom of movement, back and forth, left and right, up and down, the more mobility the better. This is called active sitting. If this posture is achieved, the basic muscles will relax, the joints will be less rigid, the overnight sleep will be more restful and not least the occupant will become more concentrated during work. The office chairs or for any other lucrative activities insure support, comfortable and healthy resting and special mobility assisted by the multiple joints C and E which are made of several elastic elements 13 attached one to the other. The flexibility of the entire joint is given by the flexibility sum of each cilindrical elastic cores 13 In its composition. The number of cores 13, their dimension and the elasticity of the material are chosen according to the waist, weight of the occupant and the degree of flexibility offered. The flexibility of multiple joints C and E is limited especially for the inclination to the back and lateral through the configuration of the edge f and the interstices i' and j' between the upper matalic armatures 15. The lateral inclination of the backrest is done through the adjustable shoulder rests 20 and 21, and the inclination to the front is done with the armrests 22 and 23, which can be provided with possibilities of adjustment and fixation in certain spatial positions, to increase precision and productivity of certain manual repetitive activities. Inner partial upholstered headrest 12 serves especially for the bottom up support of the head and for the movements of lateral inclination and towards the back. The return to the initial position of the backrest and/or headrest is assisted by cores 13 that tend to the initial shape. The dimensions of the composing parts of the chair must be manufactured in at least 3 sizes corresponding to the anthropometric statistic of the population of potential users.

At the chairs for the auto driver or the ocupants seat front of a car the support for the fixation to the floor and the attachment between them of the composing parts of the chair must be sized and manufactured in such a manner so that they fixate and protect the occupants during accidents, including repeated impacts and tumblings. The upholstred seat having safety belts G, superior shaped insures a healthy and comfortable sitting by avoiding pressures in the perianal and anal area, and the front edge of the seat, regardless if it is apparently or dissimulated lobed is plunged downwards to reduce pressure on nervous routes and blood vessels in the dorsal of the thigh to the knee unprotected by muscle, so that it eliminates the numbness of the legs and allows long and uninterrupted driving. The seat safety belt 24 fixed in two points eliminates practically the possibility of affection of the knees and pelvis at impact. The connection between the seat and the backrest is done through a multiple lower locking joint H, and from between the backrest and the headrest with another multiple upper locking joint J, of similar construction but with smaller dimensions corresponding to the requirements. In this situation is presented the activity of joint H. The flexibility of the joint is allowed by the cilindrical resilient elements 25, disposed on several levels, 6 on each level. The efforts are transmitted through the pairs of armatures 26 and 27 which fixate the resilient elements on one level and insure the seal between them of the resilient elements on different levels. The upper armature is attached to the lower armature on one level, centrally, through a rivetered top pivot 29 at one end, which has at the free end a termination in the shape of a spherical sector e" which can rotate in a corresponding spherical bevel in the lower armature 27. The mounting of the two fittings is done through a lateral pierced hole f ' in the lower armature, hole that is united with a channel g" to the central spherical bevel. The cilindrical resilient elements 25 are introduced with the cuffs a" in the holes b" chamferd to the exterior between the two armatures. The cuffs a" are thicker than the height of the chamfer so that when the armatures on different levels are attached they get deformed and insure the seal of the resilient elements on the vertical. The attachment between them of the levels of armatures and resilient elements is done peripheral in the interval between the resilient elements with some clips L with screw 33 which is introduced in some recesses h" which also have centering role, provided in the adjacent armatures. By the movement of the clips L, alternative, up and down, from 2 to 2, in the spaces between the resilient elements at the same level is mounted the entire multiple joint. The stopper 34 have the role to limit the movement of the armatures, are normally rigid and elastically deformable to overload. These stoppers limit and amortization the lateral and to the back inclination movement and less the one to the front of the multiple joint H. In conditions of impact these stoppers attenuate the shocks by storing important deformation energy. The stoppers can be made of new materials with shape memory after the cessation of the compression load, the advantages being the big quantity of energy stored and the return to the initial shape after the cease of the load. The size and elasticity of the elements 25, the number of armatures pairs and the diameter of the cylindrical stopper 34 correspond with the dimensions, weight and mobility offered to the occupant. In order to control the elasticity and deformation of the multiple locking joint with blocking and even to bring it to the initial shape and make it rigid, each resilient element 25 has centrally a spherical cavity z' filled with fluid under pressure, cavity which communicates with all the same cavities placed on the vertical column through some channels y'. Due to the elasticity of elements 25 the cavity z' modifies its spherical shape at the movement of the torso towards the seat or of the head towards the backrest. Any increase of pressure of the fluid inside a deformed sphere like cavity z' tends to bring it back to the initial spherical shape. All the spheres in both multiple joints H and J are connected between them and together to a hydrostatic circuit which increases the pressure of the fluid proportionally with the increase of the acceleration regardless of direction and sense. The increase of pressure of the fluid in the elastic elements of the joint is realized by device 42 of hydrostatic pressurization which is controlled by multidirectional sensor 41 to any increase of the acceleration, at start, break, in curves, at repeated impacts and tumblings. After the acceleration returns to normal, also returns the initial mobility of the multiple joint. The dimensions of elements 25, the mechanical characteristics of the resilient material, dimensions and mechanical characteristics of cilindrical stopper 34, the number of pairs of armatures and the control soft of the hydrostatic blocking are adapted to the anthropometric dimensions and weight of the occupant. The backrest I is upholstered on both sides and the edges are rounded to reduce risk of accidental contact. The occupant is strapped to the chair with seatbelts in four fixed points and can move freely together with the backrest as long as the acceleration does not vary. The breastplate N insures protection and the diminution of inertial pressures at impact. Because the connection between the backrest and the seat is stiffening at impact are no longer necessary the current seatbelts tensioners, or the airbags. The shoulder rests 50 and 51 are adjusted according to the width of the shoulders of the occupant so that they are always in contact with the deltoid anatomical region. The headrest can be partial K or total V. The total headrest corresponds to the optimal resting and support area for the head 126 and to prevent uncontrolled movement of the head to the front it has a partial foldable visor W which in folded position over the headrest allows the introduction of the head i the headrest, while the partial headrest K ends above the ears and is provided with a foldable visor R which unlike the partial visor also the upper part e'" corresponding to the frontal and parietal anatomical regions that are missing from the partial visor W. The partial headrest insures a weaker protection of the frontal and parietal anatomical regions but has the advantage that it insures a better visibility for the backseats. The interior dimensions of the headrest, the multiple upper locking joint J and the soft that controls the locking of the joint must correspond to the anthropometric dimensions of the head of the occupant. At the inside the upholstery is preferable to be made of polyurethane foam with memory but the head of the occupant cannot stay fixed in the headrest. For better fixation that would allow movement of the head together with the headrest are used the lateral headphones P and O. When lowering the forehead partil visor W or the visor R their bottom edge x" pushes the headsets through the chamfer w" to the inside of the headrest. In this manner the ring 64 on the side headphones P and O pushes on the temporal, zygomatic and buccal anatomical regions from the ear and fixates the head of the occupant to the headphone. At the same time the protuberances 67 on the visor or the partial visor come in contact with the lower part of the frontal anatomic region, above the eyebrows. This way the occupant can move the head in the desired direction together with the headrest. Because of the total relaxation of the pairs of muscles of the neck which keep the head in equilibrium there is a danger for the auto driver to fall asleep. For the prevention of this situation on one side and the other of the recess for the nose y" in the visor or partial visor are mounted the antisleeping with warning sensors b'" and c'" that monitor the movement of the eyelids and in case of danger triggers a sound warning in the speakers of the headsets, at the same time with an intermittent red light warning on the displays z" and a'". The partial visor W and the visor R are made of resistant and transparent material like graphene. The displays z" and a'" of the forehead rest and the visor are used to warn the driver about the imminent dangers in traffic, and also for the entertainment of passengers. The warning of the driver on the display in front of his eyes is much more effective than the one on the board computer or on the windscreen. The headphones P and O serve at the transmission of rolling noises and sound warnings for the driver and for the amusement of the occupants. They can also be coupled to smartphones. At the chairs in vehicles for the backseats or for the ones with multiple rows of chairs can be limited the rotation and lateral inclination of the backrest or it can even be blocked. The elbow rests and shoulder rests can be left out totally or partially, the multiple locking joint with the headrests can be kept and adapted to a more reduced beweging movement of the head towards the torso, or the headrest can be attached to the backrest with a multiple upper joint E. The attachment of the headrest to the backrest must be provided with a bigger possibility of adjustment of the height.

By the interposition of the pillow 69 between the occupant and the seat of a current chair are approached the shapes of the effective contact areas 130 and 131 between the occupant and the chair with the shape of the optimal seating areas 122 and 123, according to the spirit and purpose of the invention.

The cover X for the current chairs with high backrest correct also the current backrests which are slightly shaped according to the curvatures of the vertebral column and the horizontal curvature of the back. By the interposition of the cover X between the occupant and the current chair are approached the shapes of the effective contact areas 130 and 131 between the occupant and the chair with the shape of the optimal seating areas 122 and 123, for the seat and the effective contact areas 132 and 133 between the occupant and the backrest with the shape of the optimal support areas 124 and 125, for the backrest, according to the spirit and purpose of the invention.

The chair for relaxation and rest and for exercises of strengthening of the back and neck musculature through the increase of the hydrostatic pressure in the multiple locking joints H and J lower and, respectively, upper with the help of the hidraulic leg pump 78 is gradually decreased the flexibility of the joints and is increased accordingly the effort made for the beweging movement of the torso towards the seat and of the head towards the backrest with direct implications on the increase of efficiency of the exercises made with the chair. By the increase of the hydrostatic pressure of the fluid in the resilient elements 25 of the joints is gradually diminished their flexibility and so is increased the effort made for the beweging movement of the torso towards the seat and of the head towards the backrest with direct implications on the increase of efficiency of the medical gymnastics exercises made.

The medicinal chair for relaxation and rest and for exercises of strengthening of the back and neck musculature, and for the straightening of the vertebral column for children and adults. In present time the straightening of the vertebral column can be done through exercises for the simple kyphosis and scoliosis which are due only to the uneven muscular contractions. There are known corset type devices which serve to prevent the aggravation of the affection and not for treatment. The treatment of fixed kyphosis and scoliosis is done surgically with complicated long term interventions and primitive mechanic devices which position the column with disastrous effects on the moral and mobility, special for childs. The medicinal chair according to the invention has dimensions corresponding to the age groups and is used to correct the different deformations of the axis of the vertebral column, due to incorrect position of little children in bench or chair during lessons. The correction of the kyphosis of the vertebral column is done by hyperlordosis of the lumbar column with the elastic lower plate A' which accentuates the curvature under the action of screw 92 and the approach of mobile joint of the lower plate 84 to the fixed joint 81, and by the hyperlordosis of the cervical column through upper plate B' which can be pushed to the front by screw in contact with plate B' , 101. For the correction of scoliosis to the left or to the right is moved, in the opposite direction of diformmity, the mobile profil 95 together with the shoulder rests 93 and 94 and the support G' together with the headrest. The movement and fixation in position due to the mobile profil 95 is done with screws 97.

The device N' for rest and relaxation or for patients bedridden insures mainly the contact and correct fixation of the head in accordance with the spirit and purpose of the current invention corresponding to optimal support and holding of the head area 126 and by this the total relaxation of the neck muscles, and for the torso the contact and correct fixation according to optimal support areas 124 and 125 and through this the total relaxation of the back muscles. By this total relaxation of the back and head muscles is insured a complete rest through deep sleep for healthy people, at the same time with great mobility of the arms. For the patients bedridden are known devices and very complicated medical beds including with possibilities of radiography of the body of the immobilized sick person, but none insures the rotation and fixation of the sick person rotated to avoid eschars. Also it is not known a motorized chair to walk the patients bedridden together with an accompanying person. The device according to the invention serves also to rotate the immobilized for hygiene and tq, avoid the affections of the back due to immobility. The motorized chair for immobilized sick people uses for movement and walk in nature with huge therapeutically effects for the evolution of affections. In the box of the support 113 on one side and the other of the drawer 115 can be placed batteries of accumulators that would insure an important autonomy of movement of the chair with sick person and attendant.

Claims

1. Chair according to the invention can be used in any occasion that requires a seated position of a person, preferably, in a dwelling, or a means to transport for people, having some body parts that are integral with or, assembled to each other to allow the placement of one or more people simultaneously, which can be made of plastic, wood or metal and can be upholstered or not, having a supporting bracket or some legs, or when mounted in a vehicle for the driver and, respectively, the front passengers, having a support for securing to the floor with the possibility of adjustment, characterized in that it consist of a sea trigid (1) or in one of some inner upholstered profiled and upholstered having safety belts seats (11 and G) , supported by a plane support, each of them being secured to the stand or legs mentioned, rigid seat (1) being continued upwardly either by a partial rigid backrest (2) , or be a total rigid backrest (A) or a high rigid backrest (B) , the latter one being provided at the upper part, with some shoulder side restraint left and, respectively, right (7 and 8), respectively, with a partial rigid headrest (9), to said first upholstered seat (11), being attached by means of a multiple, lower joint (C), profiling upholstered backrest for dwelling (D), continued upwardly by means of a upper multiple joint (E), with a inner partial upholstered headrest (12) and to the other upholstered seat having safety belts (G) being connected by means of a multiple locking locking joint (H), the profiled upholstered for ocupants seat front of a car backrest (I), whereat, by means of a multiple upper locking joint (J) is connected either a partial headrest (K) or a total headrest (V), any of the rigid and, respectively, upholstered seats (1, 11, and G) being provided with seating areas for the chair (130 and 131) left and, respectivley, right whose contours are similar to the contours of optimal seating area (122 and 123) left and, respectively, right of a the future occupant buttocks (127), each having an one-finger glove-like shape, the finger, being kept close to the palm and positioned with the tip pointing towards the knees and, the back of the palm comprising the protrusion of the gluteus maximus muscle, a contour of the first optimal seating area (122) of this occupant's buttocks (127) starting from the as a backbone concave curve line (g "" ) which descends downwardly on the lateral part of the thigh, up to the gluteus maximus muscle, which continues with a short with inflection concave-convex outward line (h""), that is connecting with a slightly curved, vertically line (i"") downwards to third region, next to the knee of the thigh, where it continues with a concave curve outwardly, placed horizontally line (j""), which is connected with a almost vertical convex outwards line (k""), that closes the contour of this area (122), the surface of any of the areas (130 and 131) to each of being rigid and upholstered seats (1, 11 and G) being 10 ... 25% larger than the area of any of the areas (122 and 123) the occupant seat (127), the areas (130 and 131) of any of are rigid and, respectively, upholstered seats (1, 11 and G) being symmetrical to the median plane thereof, and being spaced apart by a drop-shaped gap (1) , which correspond to the spacing between the areas (122 and 123) the occupant's buttocks (127) , each of rigid or upholstered seats (1, 11 and G ), having a lobed form, whose contour from the axis of symmetry from the rear side to the right, consist of a straight or slightly broken line (a), perpendicularly to the symmetry axis, which is connected by a inwardly curved concave line (b), the three inwardly slightly, convex curved lines (c, d and e) , connected to one another by two curved, concave inwardly, lines (f and g) forming two knots, the contour of the the front part being a deeply lobed line determining four differently between them in shape lobes (h, i, j and k) , so the second from the edge lobe (i) being the longest, of about two fifths of the depth of the seat (1), lobes (h and j) adjacent said lobe (i) being shorter by 10 - 22% of its length, and the joined the symmetry axis lobe (k) is the shortest, having a length of 20 -35% shorter length than than the lenght thereof, each of total, high, profiled, rigid and upholstered, profiled for front seat occupants in the car, profiling upholstered for medical chair, respectively, profiling upholstered for a row of chairs backrests (A, B, D, I, Z and P '), with some areas (132 and 133) left and, respectivley, right support for the chair, whose contours are similar to the contours of optimal support areas (124 and 125) left and, respectively, right identical therebetween of the future occupant's back (128), the first mentioned area (124) of these areas (124 and 125) having the shape of a pentagon, in a projection on a vertical dorsal plane, with the thinner part facing down, in the upper part being broader, the contour of this area (124) starting with a concave inclined curved side (1"") from the spinous region at the vertebra C6 up to the subscapular region, and then descending with a convex curve line

(m^,m) on the shoulder contour to the end region of the deltoid, having the maximum width, being obliquely downwardly continued with double curvature line (n"^M), first convex which corresponds to the position vertebra L5 in front of which, by one point of inflection it is connected with a curve, concave, shorter line (o"") and closes with a straight, vertical line (p^M") along the spinous region, each of backrests (A, B, D and I) being the widest at the shoulders and narrowest at vertebra L5, this fact allowing the use of one of the joints (C, E, H and J) to about upholstered seats (11 and G) , each rigid upholstered, partial, total and, respectively, with variable opening headrest (9,12, K, V and R') , being shaped such as to contact the occupant's head (129), only corresponding to an optimal support and holding area (126) of the head (129), having the contour of the head (129) closed at the neck of a curved line (r""), centrally interrupted by a recess (s"") in the form of the reverse letter "U", in a side view, this area (126) is a curved line (t'^m) from the neck to the crown of the future occupant's head (129) , interrupted by two horizontal and parallel lines (u ""and v""), the distance between them being of 4 ... 6 cm, lower line (u"") being above the eyebrows, this lines (u""and v"") connecting over the forehead the lateral edges of the optimal support and holding of the head area (126), of the occupant's head (129), the partial headrest (12 and K) having the upper edge exceeding by 10 ... 55% the bottom height of the occipital bone, for fixing the multiple lover and, respectively ,upper locking joints (H and J) , of the seat (G) to the backrest (I) and, respectively, the of the partial headrest (K) , each of which having one upper and, respectively, lower armatures (35 and 36) wich are provided with threaded holes (j "and k"), placed in the spaces between the elastic elements (25) to some screws (37 and 38) fixing the top armature (35) being introduced some resilient elements (39) , closed at the upper part* and the lower armature (36) connecting line between columns of resilent elements (25) to a electronic control and diagnostic unit (Γ) of locking the multiple lower loking joint (H) by means of gaskets (40), the lower joint (H) being covered by a resilient bellows (M) , consisting of two parts (l"and m"), a front and, respectively, a rear connected to each other, the frontal (I") being preferably made of rubber thinner, and rear part (m ) being made of polyurethane foam high density, thicker, which lateraly covers the front part (1") , the progressive control of the lower joint (H) elasticity being provided by a electronic control and diagnostic unit (Γ) connected to a battery of a motor vehicle, the upper backrest (I), consisting of a profiling bakrest body (49) having a convex lower narrow portion (n") , which corresponds to the curvature of the lumbar spine, and, respectively, an upper wide concave portion (o") corresponding to the curvature of the thoracic spine and which has in the upper lateral side, two adjustable trapezoidal shoulder rests (50 and 51), with large base located next to the profiling backrest body ( 49) and continuing to the rear with the upholstered portions (p") that covers and protects the adjustable zone of rests (50 and 51), along the entire height profiling backrest body (49), being realized an outwardly open channel (r"), profiled and sized in such a manner to protect the vertebral apophyses, laterally, in the upper part, at the convex portion (n"), to the profiling backrest body (49) being hinged, with adjustable and blocking capability, two entirely upholstered armrests (52 and 53) , the upper body profiling backrest (49) having some protrusions (s " and t") which are positioned above the left and right lateral cervical of the occupant's and whereon there are fixed upper fixed safety belts (54 and 55) , and laterally above the elbows ajustable, ulpholstered entirely restraint (52 and 53) being provided protrusions (u") for fastening of safety belts lateral (56), behind the backrest (I) axially, at the upper limit of the concave portion ( o"), being provided a upholstered on the outside projection (62), which has, in its upper part maximum section, the shape and size of the bellows (M) of the multiple locking, upper joint (J), the partial headrest (K), consisting of a by a in the shape of a ellipsoidal sector, in the lower, rear part the body (63) having a recess (v") not allowing the occupant's head (129) coming into contact with the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae.

2. Chair according to claim 1, characterized in thai the upholstered seat having safety belts (G) is provided with a weighing strain gauges and has, one side and the other, below at a third part from the rear edge, two protrusions (χ') wherein it is positioned a two-points safety belt (24) of adjustable length, the multiple locking joints (H and J) lower and, respectively, upper having an identical construction, differing only in size, in which case it is still used the construction of the multiple locking the lower joint (H) which comprises up of some resilient cylindrical elements (25) penetrated by a axial channel (y ') having a central portion (ζ') in the form of a sphere, each element (25) having at its ends some cuffs (a") entering the chamfered holes (b") with a height less than the one of the cuffs (a") being attached to metal armatures (26 and 27), upper and, respectively, lower the bottom having that are discshaped, resilient elements (25) being in even numbers and being circularly arranged, equidistantly, on an inner diameter of said armatures (26 and 27), central, each of the armatures (26 and 27) having of a truncated cone embossing (c"), in center of said drawing in the upper armature (26) being provided a hole in which is inserted an upper riveted pivot (29),having a lower portion (d") in the shape of a truncated cone terminated by a lower spherical sector (e") in the other lower armature (27), in the drawing (c") being provided a central hole ended with a lower spherical chamfer, corresponding to the spherical sector (e")_> and in the upper portion being conically chamfered with an vertex angle greater than that of the lower portion (d") of the pin (29), laterally on the direction betwen the chamfered holes (b ) in the lower armature (27) being provided a pierced hole (f '), whose diameter is greater than that of the spherical sector (e") connected to a channel (g") having a width greater than that of the below portion (d") the pivot (29) connecting the pierced hole (f ') with a hole (c") in the drawing of the lower armature (27), by means of the pivot (29) forming some pairs of spherically hinged armatures (26 and 27), spaced apart by means of the resilient elements (25), the pairs of neighboring armatures (27 and 26) being held together through some peripheral fixing clips (L) , which are not placed in adjacent spaces between resilient elements (25) , which are tightened with a coupling screw (33) inserted into the recesses (h") practiced in neighboring armatures (27 and 26) to the occasion occurs and centering the clips (L), on one side and the other of the coupling screw (33) in some circular holes (i") being provided a cylindrical stoppers (34) for movement limitation and damping, which may be made of shape memory materials after ending of the compression stress having the function of limiting the movement and for damping, by alternately placing up and down, the peripheralfixing clips (L) in the spaces between the resilient elements (25) situated at the same level, between them being assembled the neighboring pairs of armatures (27 and 26) and thus the whole joint ( H).

3. Chair according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper fixed safety belt (55) placed towards the passenger compartment is fitted to a the square breastplate (N) made of a flexible material but impenetrable, such as graphen, in the other three corners, one on the top and the two sides of the breastplate (N) , there being provided two belts joint end pockets (58 and 59) engaging with the ends of the upper and lateral belts (54 and 56), the left and, respectively, from the end belt side right, do not show in the draving, laterally, on the left side of the breastplate (N), being mounted a lever (61) to unlocking the upper and, respectively, the left side belt (54 and 56) and the other moving belt.

4. Chair according to claim 1, characterized in that on the body (63) of the partial headrest (K) and, respectively on the body (137) of the total headrest (V) there are mounted two left and right headphones (P and O), each formed of a body (134) having the shape of an oval cylinder made of thermoformed polyurethane or another semi-rigid material and which are able to slide transversely in / from the body (63) of the partial headrest (K) and, respectively, in the body (137) of the total headrest (V), and having the cylinder generatrix greater than the thickness of bodies (137 and 63) of said partial and respectively, total headrests (K and V), being held outwardly by a corresponding resilient blade, in the upper part, the exterior base of the cylindrical, oval body (134) being provided with champfers (w") that extend up to the outer surface of the partial and, respectively, total headrest (K and V), at the inside the cylindrical, oval body (134) having, circumferentially, a ring ( 64) made of polyurethane memory foam, and in the center of the ring (64) being placed a speaker (65), above and behind each cylindrical oval body (134), on both sides of the partial headrest (K) being provided a joint (66), by means of which a rebatable visor (R) is secured, and respectively, on the total headrest (V) being secured a partial rebatable visor (W) having the form of an ellipsoidal sector, the lower lateral edges (x") of the visor (R), and, respectively, of the partial visor (W) in rebated position being placed in the immediate vicinity of the chamfer ( ") of the cylindrical, oval body (134), in the front side, on the inside, both the visor (R), and the partial visor (W) being provided with a protrusion (67) formed as half of a toroidal sector, made of polyurethane memory foam, centrally, the front edge of the visor (R) and partial visor (W) being provided with a recess (y") for the nose and, on one part and the other of the recess (y") being the lateral portions (z" and a'") of the visor (R) and, respectively, of the partial visor (W) equipped with one OLED transparent display inside the lateral portions (z" and a"'), depending on the needs of the occupant, there may be permanently placed by fastening or removably, by means of clips, the lens for vision correction or for viewing the screen of the smartphone, in front of the lateral portions (z" and a'") there can be removably placed a frame for smartphone, and for the driver, close to the recess (y") for the nose, on one side and the other, there are placed two anti-sleeping with warning sensors (b'^M and c"').

5. Chair according to claim 1, characterized in that the lobes (h, i, j and k) have tip thicknesses descending towards the axis of symmetry of the lobed form and have an elongated shape that narrows towards the front side, their tip being elliptical, so the connection between them having a half width as the thicker neighboring tip, the tips of lobes (h, i and j) being flared downwardly of the rigid seat (1), the spaces between the lobes (h, i, j and k ) constituting each one recess which is higher in the front thereof and which at the rear, in the connection area between the lobes (h, i, j and k ) , reaches the smooth surface between protrusions (m), the upper surface of the lobed shaped rigid seat (1) being curved, in cross-section there is a curve with its concavity upwards, and in longitudinal section, over a length equal to two-thirds of the depth of the seat (1), starting from the straight or slightly broken line (a) there is a curve with its concavity upwards, and in the previous third it being gradually changed in a curve with its concavity facing downwards, in the central part of the rigid seat (1), on one side and the other of the symmetry axis there is provided a gap in the form of a drop (1), with the circular part placed near the straight or slightly broken line (a) and the sharp part placed towards the front, on the lateral contour and on the inwardly concave curved line (b) , being located the upper protrusion (m) having its external shape identical to that of the contour formed by the lines (b, c, d, e, f and g) thereof, and inwardly having the contour of two inwardly convex curved lines (n and o) intersecting at the short, as knot inwardly concave curved line (f) , the upper surface of each protrusion (m) of the rigid seat (1), being preferably shaped in the form of the upper surface of the human paim thumb, when having the palm facing upwards, between the protrusion (m) and the gap (1) being provided two cavities (p) placed on either side of the axis of symmetry, which can be assimilated with the two cupped human hands positioned upwardly, when the seat is placed in uncovered spaces, in the seat (1), at the gap (I) and cavities (p) being practiced a hole (r) to drain water, the rigid seat (1) being continued with the short backrest (2) placed lower in the rear part between the protrusions (m), on both sides of the vertical symmetry plane of the seat (1), on the backrest, starting from the seat and up to the upper part of the rigid armrest (s) being provided a channel (t), the upper part of the armrest (3) being mostly horizontal and having rounded edges.

6. Chair according to claim 1, characterized in that the central spherical cavity (ζ') of the cilindrical resilient elements (25) alter their spherical shape when moving the torso against the seat or the head against the backrest, any increase in pressure of the fluid inside a deformed sphere, such as the central spherical cavity (ζ') tending to restore it to the initial spherical shape, all spheres of both multiple locking joints being interconnected and together, interconnected to a hydrostatic circuit which increases the fluid pressure proportionally with increasing the acceleration, regardless of direction and sense, at any increase in acceleration when starting, braking, in curves, at repeated impacts and rolling, after acceleration comes back to normal, the initial mobility of the multiple locking joints (H and J), comes back to normal, too, an electronic control and diagnostic unit (Γ) connected to the car battery controlling the fluid pressure being formed by means of a main acceleration or deceleration multidirectional sensor (41) controlling a device for hydrostatic pressurizing (42), which may be a hydrostatic cylinder actuated electromagnetically with a buffer tank connected by a high pressure hydrostatic circuit (43) with the multiple locking joints of the seats in the vehicle, the electronic control and diagnostic unit ( I') being provided with a backup power circuit (44), with a safety switch (45), and a multidirectional safety sensor (46), in case of failure of the main sensor and a self-diagnosis circuit (47), which controls a self-diagnosis display (48) on a display of the vehicle and / or on the visor (R) or the paretial visor (W) of the partial and, respectively, total headrest of the driver, the size of the cilindrical resilient element (25), the physical characteristics of the resilient material, the number of pairs of armatures (26 and 27) and the software control of the hydrostatic locking being adapted to the anthropometric dimensions and weight of the occupant.

7. Chair according to Claims 1 and 5, characterized in that the rigid seat (1) is continued upwardly either by a partial rigid backrest (2) or, by a total rigid backrest (A), or by a high rigid backrest (B), the latter being provided, in the upper part, with lateral shoulder rests (7 and 8) and, respectively, with the partial rigid headrest (9) , the partial rigid backrest (2) being profiled with a concave curvature forwardly, corresponding to the lumbar curvature of the spine, with a height up to the first lumbar vertebrae LI or last thoracic vertebrae T12, at the upper part of the partial rigid backrest (2) being secured the armrest (3) with two left and, respectively, right lateral parts of the armrest (u and v) which continue on the sides of the rigid seat (1) on two-thirds of its depth, then go down to the seat (1) and connect laterally thereon, the distance between the lateral parts (u and v) of the armrest (3) being 10 ... 30% greater than the width of the seat (1), the total rigid backrest (A) consisting of a high profiled backrest body (4) which has a trapezoidal shape on three quarters of its height, with the small base directed downwardly, the last upper quarter being rectangular, with its width equal to the greater base of the trapezoid, which has an upper part of the rigid backrest (y) wider portion on the two upper thirds of the height, of concave shape towards the front part, corresponding to the thoracic curvature of the spine, and a lower part of the rigid backrest (z) the last lower third of the height, convex towards the front part, corresponding to the lumbar curvature of the spine, and at about a quarter of the backrest (A) height being connected two right and, respectively, left armrests (5 and 6) that continue on the sides of the rigid seat (1), on two- thirds of his depth, thereafter descending and being secured laterally to the seat (1), the high rigid backrest (B) having a trapezoidal shape on of its three quarters height, with the small base directed downwardly, the last upper quarter being rectangular, with its width equal to the greater base of the trapezoid, rigid backrest (B) having an wider portion on the two upper thirds of the height, of concave shape towards the front part, corresponding to the thoracic curvature of the spine, and the last lower third of the height, convex towards the front part, corresponding to the lumbar curvature of the spine, the high rigid backrest (B) having at the upper part, rectangular in form, laterally secured on one side and the other, the left and, respectively, rigid shoulder rests (7 and 8), rectangular or trapezoidal in shape, having the large base next to the high backrest (B), the horizontal angle between the shoulder rests (7 and 8) and high backrest (B), being of approximately 100 degrees at the upper, central part, to the high backrest (B), being secured the forwardly profiled partial rigid headrest (9) formed of two lower and upper parts (a' and b') , the lower part (a') being connected with the high backrest (B) and the upper part (b') being destined to support and sustain the future occupant's head (129) the lower part (a') having the shape of the surface of the high backrest (B), when contacting it, form that turns into a toroidal sector in contact with the upper part (b') which is shaped as an ellipsoidal sector, which is obtained by rotating the head with the neck C7 vertebra around regarded as fixed, as a conical surface with an angle of 3 - 15 degres, on either partial, total and high rigid backrests (2, A and B), one side and the other of the vertical axis of symmetry being positioned one of the channels (t, w and c') starting from close to the rigid seat (1) and ending at the upper edge (x) of the total backrest (A), also continuing on the lower part (a') of the headrest (9), an assembly of three or more rigid seats

(I) with partial backrests (2), with the particularity that some armrests (10) inside the assembly have a double width given the ones at the edge of the same assembly.

8. Chair according to claim 1, characterized in that said first inner upholstered profiled seat

(II) is in connection, via a multiple lower joint (C) with a profiled upholstered backrest for dwelling (D), given the latter being positioned, through another multiple upper joint (E), a inner partial upholstered headrest (12), the multiple lower and, respectively, upper joints (C and E) having identical construction, differing only in size, in which case still being realized the construction of the multiple lower joint (C), which consists of cylindrical elastic cores

(13) , preferably made of rubber or thermoformed polyurethane, each being placed and fixed, by gluing or vulcanization, to some upper and, respectively, lower metallic armatures (14 and 15), each upper armature (14) having one edge flared on the rear side (F), limiting and blocking the movement towards the rear side of the profiled upholstered backrest for dwelling (D), or the inner partial upholstered headrest (12), by contact with the metalic upper armature

(14) placed lower, an edge (f ) of the metalic upper armature (14), seen from behind, having a lower surface (g') curved so that, by positioning relative to a flat upper surface (h') of the upper armature (14), placed lower, to ensure interstices (i' and j') on one side and the other, with tips at the ends, the lower armature (15) having some lateral and, respectively, front bendings (k', V and m'), which cover some lateral and front edges (η', o' and p') of the upper armature (14) underside, for guiding and fixing each adjacent upper armatures (14) and lower armatures (15), to fix the joints (C and E) of the seat (11) and backrest (D) and, respectively, to the latter one and to the headrest (12), each having one of some metallic upper and lower armatures (16 and 17) which are provided with threaded through holes (r' and s') by means if which there are fixed with screws, the metallic armatures (16 and 17), and, implicitly around the joint being coated with an elastic bellows (18), preferably made of rubber, the profiled upholstered backrest for dwelling (D) being formed of a profiled shaped elongated body (19), with a convex lower narrow portion (f), corresponding to the lumbar curvature of the spine and a concave upper broad portion (u'), corresponding to the thoracic curvature of the spine and having higher, laterally, two rests adjustable for shoulders (20 and 21),

trapezoidal in shape, with the large base facing the backrest (D), laterally adjustable given a profiled, elongated body (19) of the backrest (D), on the entire height of body (19)being practiced an open channel (ν') to the outside to protect the vertebral apophyses, laterally, higher, at the level of convex lower portion (f), of body (19) being hinged, with possibility of adjusting or not, two armrests (22 and 23) that can be provided with possibilities of adjusting and fixing in certain positions in space, to increase the accuracy and productivity of certain manual repetitive tasks, the headrest (12) having an inner surface (w') shaped as the upper portion (b') of the partial rigid headrest (9), except that, instead of the channel (c'), it is provided a large recess (v ) to avoid contact with the spinous region of the cervical spine and allow people with long hair to get it out backwards, the upholstered seats (11) together with the profiled, upholstered backrests for dwelling (D) being able to be multiplied into a seating assembly for more people, such as, for example, a sofa, where the gaps on the bench between the lobed foam shapes and the spaces between backrests of resilient polyurethane high density foam are to be filled with fluff or upholstery batting.

9. Chair according to claim 7, characterized in that the number, size and rigidity of the cilindrical elastic core (13) are adapted to the anthropometric measurements and weight of the occupant.

10. Chair according to claim 1, characterized in that several of the upholstered seats having safety belts (G) are grouped in a row for the back seats or means of transport for passengers on several rows, being provided with single and double armrests (S and T), for the seats at the edge and, respectively, for the interval between seats (G) in a row, which are made up of some supports (28) being triangularly shaped, cut at the inside, made of metal or hard plastic material, which are fastened to the support of the row of seats (G) by means of joints (30) which provide flapping in the interval between seats (G) or, respectively, at the edge of the row and locking in the working position, on the upper side of a support (28) in the working position there are positioned some simple or double top armrests (31 and 32), made of resilient polyurethane foam of relatively high hardness, above 70 kg / cm, upholstered, with the work surface slightly curved longitudinally and more curved transversely, angled preferably at 10 ... 20 degrees towards the inside of the seats (G), the top armrest (32) inside the row of seats (G) having a double width and transverse inclination to the neighboring seat (G), each seat (G) being shaped in the upper part and being connected by a simple joint (68), with possibility of tilting and locking the position to a profiled backrest (Q), given the latter being positioned, either by a locking upper multiple joint (J) with limited flexibility, or by an upper multiple joint (E) or a rigid support, all being equipped with adjustable height, a partial profiled headrest (K), upholstered at the interior and on the outside, having a visor (U) with or without the recess (y") for the nose and lateral displays (z" and a"), a seat (G) being formed by a lobed-shaped core arranged on a plane support.

11. Chair according to claims 1,5,7 and 9, characterized in that each of the upholstered seats (11 and G) consists of a lobed-shaped core of polyurethane foam having a equal or higher than density 50 kg / cm, being covered by fluff or upholstery batting and covered by textile material or leather on the outside, so that the interval between the lobes (h, i, j and k) becomes less obvious than with the rigid seat (1), or being suggested by the seams.

12. Chair according to the invention achieved in a further embodiment that includes a seat supported by legs or a support on which is fixed a backrest forming a seat, characterized in that it has a cushion (69) for the seat, placed over said seat, consisting of a sandwich of fabric, upholstery batting and inside having a lobed-shaped core made of polyurethane foam with high density, relative to a value greater than 50 kg / cm, the outer contour of the rear and lateral part of the cushion (69) for seating is similar to the outer contour of the rear and lateral of the lobed shape, whereat it is added the thickness of the upholstery and the contour of the front edge is tangential to the tips of the three lateral lobes (h, i and j), joining centrally with a concave outwardly curve (q) and which does not touch the tips of the lobes (k) in the vicinity of the axis of symmetry, by interposing the cushion (69) for seating between the occupant and seating of said seat, the forms of effective areas of contact between the future occupant's buttocks (127) and the seating areas for the chair (130 and 131) left and, respectively, right resemble the form of optimal seating areas (122 and 123) left and, respectively, right, in the sense and spirit of the invention.

13. Chair according to claim 12, characterized in that it has a cover (X) that has the part of the seat (69) made of a sandwich of fabric, upholstery batting and a lobed-shaped core of polyurethane foam with a density greater than 50 kg / cm, with rectangular contour, the corresponding portion (w "") of the backrest cover (X) being made with two right and, respectively left profiled protrusions (70 and 71), arranged on one side and the other of the vertical axis of symmetry, at a distance of about 4 ... 6 cm from each other, these protrusions (70 and 71) having each a lower convex curvature portion (f"), corresponding to the lumbar curvature of the spine, and an upper, concave curvature portion ( g "') corresponding to the thoracic curvature of the spine, in the upper part of portion (w^MM) being provided two lateral protrusions (h^,M and i'") at the right and, respectively, left scapula, having a conical- shaped sector with the base outwardly directed, the cover (X) for current high back chairs being able to be secured to the seat and backrest with laces or velcro at the front and upper corners and, at the fold between seat and backrest, by placing the cover (X)between the occupant and a seat and a backrest, the forms of effective areas of contact between the future occupant's buttocks (127) and the seating areas for the chair (130 and 131) left and, respectively, right resemble the form of optimal seating areas (122 and 123) left and, respectively, right, and the forms of effective areas of contact between the future occupant's back (128) and the support areas for the chair (132 and 133) left and, respectively, right resemble the form of optimal support areas (124 and 125) left and, respectively, right, in the sense and spirit of the invention.

14. Chair according to claim 1, characterized in that it can also be used for medical gymnastics, in that it comprises a support (Μ') with five arms in the shape of a star, stationary, having a pneumatic shock absorber and a mechanism for adjusting the position of the upholstered seat having safety belts (G) given the support (Μ'), on one of the support arms being mounted a hydraulic leg pump (78), fitted with a pressure gauge (79), which is in connection by means of pipes with multiple lower and, respectively upper locking joints (H and J), in order to increase the hydrostatic pressure, thus gradually reducing the flexibility of these joints (H and J) and, correspondingly, increasing the effort for the movement of circumduction the torso against the seat (G) and of the head (129)against the backrest (I), with direct implications on increasing efficiency of the performed exercises of medical gymnastics

15. Chair according invention conducted in another embodiment for rest and relaxation, muscle strengthening exercises for the back and neck, and straightening the spine children or adults of a size appropriate age groups, which comprises a support with more arms on which is mounted a hydraulic pump that through pipelines increases the pressure as desired in the joints of multiple locking bottom and top, and a seat upholstered with a belt in two points, two restraint elbow and, respectively, a breastplate with seat thorax and a restraint for the head part, and that a mechanism for regulating the position of the seat to support

characterized in that it further comprises a upholstered backrest for medicinal chair (Z) formed by an upholstered, shaped, elongated cushion (80), having a convex lower narrow portion (n") corresponding to the lumbar curvature of the spine and, respectively, a concave upper wide portion (j"'), corresponding to the thoracic curvature of the spine, all the way up having practiced an outwardly open channel (75), to protect the vertebral apophyses, this channel (75) being narrower near the upholstered sear (G) and at least three times wider at the upper edge, the cushion (80) being fixed in the rear part on three lower, intermediate and upper plates (Α', 86 and B'), the lower plate (Α') corresponding to the convex lower narrow portion (n") made of an elastic material, connected at the lower part by fixed joints (81) to the lower edges of the two cylindrical columns (82 and 83), parallel to each other, having two lower and, respectively, upper parts (k and ¥"), the first lower part (k ) corresponding to the lumbar curvature being straight, and in the upper part (!'"), being shaped, following the thoracic curvature, and by two mobile joints (84), at the upper part of the lower plate (Α') which are attached laterally by two sleeves sliding (85) on the straight portion (k ) of the columns (82 and 83) , the rigid intermediate plate (86) being shaped following the thoracic curvature and the contour of cushion (80) and, being non-detachably secured to the columns (82 and 83), the upper plate (Β') being attached by two lateral joints (87) at the upper edge of the intermediate plate (86), being an edge (88) resting on the ends of the columns (82 and 83), under the sleeves (85), on the right lower part (k ) of the columns (82 and 83) being attached a lower support (C), made up of an inner part (145) provided with two semi- cylindrical channels with parallel axes therebetween corresponding to the columns (82 and 83), having on each lateral part two threaded holes by means of which it is attached by screws to the exterior part (D') of the support (C) and having a through hole between the columns at the upper part, the exterior part (D') having the body (tT) of the same shape as the inner part (145) , with the difference that the four lateral holes are through holes for the screws (90) provided at the outer end with a rosette to be operated by hand, upper exterior part (D') having centrally a threaded boss (91) wherein a screw (92) is threaded being in contact with the lower plate (Α') and, in the lower part, having a semi-circular shoe (76), whereon a multiple locking lower joint (H) is attached by means of screws (37), at the upper part of the columns (82 and 83) being secured a fixed transversally device (Ε'), whose shape in horizontal view may be straight or curved, with the concavity towards the front pari, for fixing and adjusting the left and, respectively, right shoulder rests (93 and 94), consisting of a fixed profile (F') made of metal or hard plastic material, having the cross-sectional shape of the letter "C" wherein another mobile profile (95) is sliding, having in section the shape of letter "U" with exterior lateral slots, for each edge, which slide easily in the fixed profile (F'), the central fixed profile (F') having on its each lower and, respectively, upper side two recesses ( m"' and n"') and, the second mobile profile having on each lower and, respectively, upper side other two recesses (ο"' and p'"), the fixed profile (F') having mounted, on the middle of the four Outer parts of the recesses ( m^™ and n^" ), a nut (96) fixed above some through holes, in the outer edge of the fixed profile (F') by which pass screws , (97) that secure the mobile profile (95) to the fixed one, with the head shaped as a rosette for being tightened by hand, the mobile profile (95) having built in three groups of four screws placed in the corners of a rectangle, a central group and two on one side and the other, to the central group of screws being secured a support (G') for multiple locking upper joint (J), by means of a shoe (72) provided with four holes as buttonholes (98), vertically placed by means of nuts (99) provided with a rosette for being tightened by hand, the upper, support (C) having a semicircular flange (100) whereon it is attached by screws a lower armature (36) of the joint (J) and, in a circumferential channel on the edge of the semicircular flange (100) being inserted the lower edge of the bellows (M) for protecting the multiple locking upper joint (J), in the upper support (G') under the semi-circular flange being cut a threaded, through hole by which passes a screw (101) in contact with the upper plate (Β'), having at its outer end a big rosette (102) for being tightened by hand, for each group of four lateral screws of the mobile profile (95) being attached by means of nuts (99) two lateral "L"-shaped supports (103 and 104), by means of left, and respectively, right rectangular extensions (r"' and s"') situated on the rear wing of the profile "L", each having four holes (98) in the form of a buttonhole arranged horizontally , the two supports (103 and 104) having on the rear part two upper and lower lateral extensions (t'" and u^nr), each being provided with a slot (ν"' ) parallel to the edge and close to it, on which there can be attached some belts or some harnesses to secure the occupant, on the lateral wings of the "L" upper profile of said supports (103 and 104) being attached lateral rests for shoulders (93 and 94), to correct the kyphosis of spine being used the hyperlordosis of lumbar and cervical spine by gradually tightening the screw (92) in contact with the lower plate (Α') and the screw (101) in contact with the upper plate (Β') and, to correct scoliosis, there are loosened all screws (97) that fix the mobile profile (95) to the fixed profile (F') and, the mobile profile (95) is moved to the right or to the left, reverse to the deformation direction, together with headrest and the rests for shoulders, then it is secured in the new position by the screws (97) that fix the mobile profile (95) to the fixed profile (F') by screws (90), from the lower support (C) being adjusted the height of the headrest (Z) given the seat, by means of central nuts (99) being adjusted the height of the headrest (K) against the backrest (Z), and by means of the lateral nuts (99) being adjusted the distance between the rests for the shoulders (93 and 94), the sizes of the seat (G) and backrest (Z) being adapted to the age groups of children and anthropometric statistics of population that it addresses to, and the shape, dimension and color of all rosettes, adjustment screws and nuts must highlight the complexity of the seat, that can be called astronaut seat, to attract children.

16. Chair according invention conducted in another configuration, comprising a total head restraint and a fruntiera and some headphones characterized in that it further comprises a device (Ν') for rest and relaxation or for patients confined to bed, consisting of a shaped semi-tapered body (105) made of a rigid or slightly resilient material, having two flared laterally left and, respectively, right (w^m and x'"), trapezoidal curved edges, with the large base next to the body (105) and the outer corners being rounded, the edges (w"' and x"') shall have a size and rigidity chosen so as to prevent overturning of the device (Ν') upside down and, placed so that on accidental rolling, the occupant can breathe, in the upper part, at the large diameter of the body (105) being fixed said total headrest (V) by means of a horizontal plate (106) located at the lower part of the total headrest (V), and a vertical axial gusset (107) behind the headrest (V), the small base diameter of the body (105) being equal to the hips width of the occupant, and the diameter in the corresponding section of the lower edge of the shoulder rest (135 and 136) equals the width of the occupant's shoulder plus 4 ...6 cm or double the thickness of the upholstery of left and respectively right shoulder rests (135 and 136), the total headrest (V) being provided with a partial foldable visor (W) that may be made of an opaque or colored material, according the the user's preference, having the protrusion (67) at the front area and headphones (P and O) on one side and the other, headphones that can be with or without speakers, under the horizontal plate (106), the inner part the body (105) being upholstered following the print obtained from 3D scanning the occupant's back, embossing the optimal support areas (124 and 125) for the left side and, respectively, for the right side, which are made of polyurethane resilient foam with a density of at least 50 kg / cm, and the remaining interior space up to the level of optimal support left and right areas (124 and 125) being filled with fluff or upholstery batting, for fastening the occupant's chest being provided a breastplate (N) connected fixedly to the body (105) with a belt (55) from the upper right corner, at the other three corners of the breastplate (N) being provided the upper left and lower left lateral belt joint end pockets (58 and 59), and a belt joint end pocket in the right, down, laterally, when the device is used for rest and relaxation, for fixing to the body (105) the ends of the belts (54) in the left and right of the upper part, being provided with some supra-scapular points (y^m and z"') and, for fixing lateral thoracic belts, to the body (105) being provided some points (a"" and b" ) near the left, respectively right optimal support areas (124 and 125), if the device is used for the sick people immobilized in bed, who no longer have control of their upper limbs, then the 3D scanning of the ventral part of the torso is made with hands stuck to the body and, the attachment points (c" and d "") for fixing the lateral thoracic belts being placed near the edges (w^w and x'") of the body (105), laterally the breastplate (N) having a lever (61) for unlocking the thoracic belts, at the lower part, laterally, in the body (105) being provided some right and, respectively, left protrusions (e"" and f "") which, at the upper part, are profiled for resting the elbows, and at the lower part, serve to clamp to the body (105) a wide abdominal belt (108) having two parts that close with a bayonet-type system when the device (Ν') is used for patients confined to bed, on the rear part of edges (w'" and x'"), in the lower part and, at the middle of the height, being provided two dorsal bosses (109), each having a through hole (q ), the lower edge of the body (105) being contained in a plane that makes a sharp dihedral angle of 60 ... 80 degrees to the plane of the device (Ν') edges, said device being able to be provided with possibilities for air conditioning, ventilation and massage.

17. The chair according to the invention, realized in another embodiment, which serves to move and walk bedridden patients comprising a device for resting and traveling with or without the abdominal belt, characterized in that it consists of a platform (L' ) resting on the ground by means of two piano smaller wheels (144) , placed in the front and two larger wheels (110) behind, driven each by an electric motor, central platform (L') having a flap tray foot (111) , hinged by an arm (112) flared downwardly, in front of the platform (L') having a higher support (113) for seat (Ο'), whose position can be adjusted, having centrally a larger hole (114) , and, below it, in the support (113) being positioned a drawer (115) for manure can be removed from the holder (113 ) for cleaning in the back, over the seat (Ο'), about two- thirds of the face, being positioned safety belt (24) attached to the support (113) behind the seat (Ο') on the support (113) being place the for bedridden patients mentioned device (Ν') , in the back of the support (113) being positioned two to the left and right columns (116) inclined backwardly at an angle of 60 ... 80 degrees to the plane platform (L'), on each of the columns (116) sliding by two sleeves (117), each provided with a bent rod (118) provided at the end with a hook to position and secure the device (Ν') to the support (113 ) for the seat, by means of hole (q") in the dorsal bosses (109) in the superior part, columns (116) having a handle (119), on the handle (119) on the left is positioned a for controlling the seat lever (120), on the platform (L') behind the front support (113) provided a step (121) for the accompanying person.

18. Chair according to the invention made in another embodiment, which comprises several upholstered seats provided with safety belts, grouped in a row for the back seats of a car, or for means of transport for people, on several rows, being provided with some simple and double armrests for the seats situated at the edge and, respectively, for the interval between seats in a row, which are secured to the support of the row of seats by means of joints providing flapping in the interval between seats and, respectively, at the edge of the row and, locking in work position, said armrests inside the row of seats having a double width and the transverse inclination towards the neighboring seat, each seat being connected by means of a simple joint with possibilities of tilting and locking the position, characterized in that it further comprises a shaped, upholstered backrest (Ρ') having in the upper central part, a recess (x"") located between the upper left and, respectively, right protrusions (y^,m, and z"") for belts (54 and 55) of said upper thoracic safety, with a depth of 10 .... 33% of the backrest height (Ρ') height and a shape allowing the descent into the recess (x ") of the partial headrest (R'), with variable opening, positioned above the backrest (Ρ') either by means of a multiple locking upper joint (J) with limited flexibility, or by means of a multiple upper joint (E ) or a rigid support, all of which lower an extension consists of two rods slotted amending and fixing height headache, partial variable opening restraint (R'), for a 10 ... 35 cm, covered with a protection bellows (139), according to statistics anthropometric population to whom the middle of passenger respectively, 1 ... 3% of the total number of seats, preferably the adjacent intervals between the rows of seats and can be made with sizes exceptional backrest (Ρ') , respectively, of the headrest (R'),profiling upholstered backrest (Ρ') having higher side two shoulders and left, respectively, right shoulder rest (q'^M and q""), fixed firmly attached to the shaped, upholstered backrest (Ρ') soft so that the bearing surface is continuous, a headrest, partial with opening variable (R'), is composed of some symmetric mobile parts (140 and 141) and a dorsal central coast (142) , in connection with the profiling backrest (Ρ'), the mobile parts (140 and 141) _^rotating together, with locking to the dorsal rib (142) with 10 ... 25 degrees to the original position, set for the anthropometric average head circumference population we serve means of transport, on every mobile part (140 and 141) laterally, being connected a semi-elastic band (143) , centrally upholstered, with possibilities of adjusting and fixing the length at each end, for securing the occupant's head (129) in the partial headrest (R') and that can hold an opaque eye mask disposable.