WO2017072844A1 - 回転機械 - Google Patents
回転機械 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017072844A1 WO2017072844A1 PCT/JP2015/080170 JP2015080170W WO2017072844A1 WO 2017072844 A1 WO2017072844 A1 WO 2017072844A1 JP 2015080170 W JP2015080170 W JP 2015080170W WO 2017072844 A1 WO2017072844 A1 WO 2017072844A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- hub
- blade
- facing
- axial direction
- downstream
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D7/00—Rotors with blades adjustable in operation; Control thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/20—Specially-shaped blade tips to seal space between tips and stator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
- F01D11/14—Adjusting or regulating tip-clearance, i.e. distance between rotor-blade tips and stator casing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/10—Final actuators
- F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
- F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
- F01D17/16—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes
- F01D17/162—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes for axial flow, i.e. the vanes turning around axes which are essentially perpendicular to the rotor centre line
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/08—Sealings
- F04D29/16—Sealings between pressure and suction sides
- F04D29/161—Sealings between pressure and suction sides especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/164—Sealings between pressure and suction sides especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps of an axial flow wheel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
- F04D29/321—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow compressors
- F04D29/322—Blade mountings
- F04D29/323—Blade mountings adjustable
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
- F04D29/54—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
- F04D29/56—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable
- F04D29/563—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/10—Final actuators
- F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
- F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
- F01D17/16—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/20—Three-dimensional
- F05D2250/24—Three-dimensional ellipsoidal
- F05D2250/241—Three-dimensional ellipsoidal spherical
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/90—Variable geometry
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
- F05D2260/74—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades by turning around an axis perpendicular the rotor centre line
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to rotating machinery.
- At least one of the stationary blades and the moving blades is configured as a variable blade that can be rotated around a rotation axis along the radial direction of the hub in order to adjust the angle of attack to the flow. May be.
- variable blade In a rotating machine equipped with such a variable blade, when the variable blade is configured so that the hub-side end surface of the variable blade does not interfere with the blade-facing surface of the hub in the rotation range of the variable blade, the variable blade is closed
- the clearance between the hub-side end surface of the variable blade and the blade-facing surface of the hub is easily enlarged when the cord line is rotated in the direction in which the angle formed by the cord line and the axial direction of the hub increases.
- the variable blade must be open side (the variable blade cord line and the axial direction of the hub).
- the clearance between the tip end surface of the variable blade and the blade-facing surface of the casing can be easily increased when the blade is rotated in the direction in which the angle is reduced.
- the clearance between the hub-side end surface of the variable blade and the blade-facing surface of the hub or the clearance between the tip-side end surface of the variable blade and the blade-facing surface of the casing is increased, the loss caused by the leakage flow passing through the clearance is increased. (Hereinafter referred to as clearance loss) may increase and the efficiency of the rotating machine may decrease.
- the variable blade is recessed radially outward of the hub so that the clearance between the hub-side end surface of the variable blade and the blade-facing surface of the hub does not increase even when the variable blade is rotated to the close side.
- a rotating machine having a spherical hub-side end surface and a spherical spherical region in which the blade-facing surface of the hub is convex outward in the radial direction of the hub.
- Patent Document 2 in order to suppress a decrease in efficiency of the rotary machine device due to a leakage flow passing through a clearance between a tip end surface of a blade and a blade facing surface of a casing, a casing facing the tip end surface of the blade is disclosed.
- a configuration is disclosed in which a groove (trench) is provided on the inner surface, and the tip end surface of the wing protrudes into the groove.
- the blades in the rotary machine described in Patent Document 2 are assumed to be fixed blades that do not have a rotation axis along the radial direction, and are not assumed to be variable blades. No mention is made as to how to suppress the increase in clearance loss described above.
- At least one embodiment of the present invention is related to the rotation of a variable blade in a rotary machine including a variable blade configured to be rotatable about a rotation axis along the radial direction of the hub.
- the purpose is to suppress an increase in clearance loss.
- a rotating machine is configured to cover a hub configured to rotate around a rotation center axis and to form a fluid flow path between the hub and the hub. And a variable wing disposed on the fluid flow path and configured to be rotatable about a rotation axis along a radial direction of the hub, wherein the hub is the variable A blade-facing hub portion including a first blade-facing surface facing the hub-side end surface of the blade, and provided on the upstream side of the blade-facing hub portion in the axial direction of the hub, and on the first blade-facing surface in the axial direction
- Dr1 is the distance between the upstream end of the first blade-facing surface and the rotation center axis of the hub (rotation axis direction of the rotating machine)
- Dh1 is the axial direction of the hub and the code of the variable blade
- Dr2 is the downstream end of the first outer peripheral surface and the rotation center of the hub
- Dc1 is the distance between the upstream end of the second blade-facing surface and the center axis of rotation of the hub
- Dt1 is the axial direction of the hub and the code line of the variable blade.
- the angle between the cord line of the variable blade and the axial direction of the hub (hereinafter referred to as blade angle) ) Is maximum
- the clearance between the hub-side end surface of the variable blade and the blade-facing surface of the hub (hereinafter referred to as hub-side clearance) is maximum.
- the tip side end surface of the variable blade and the blade facing surface of the casing do not interfere with each other in the rotation range of the variable blade
- the tip side end surface of the variable blade and the blade end of the casing face each other when the blade angle is minimum.
- the clearance with the surface (hereinafter referred to as chip side clearance) is maximized.
- “maximum” and “minimum” of the blade angle mean “maximum” and “minimum” in the rotation range used during operation of the rotating machine.
- the first outer peripheral surface is satisfied by satisfying at least one of Dr1 ⁇ Dr2 (part of the condition (a)) or Dc1> Dc2 (part of the condition (b)).
- a step is formed between the first blade-facing surface and at least one of the first inner peripheral surface and the second blade-facing surface. By this step, a recirculation flow is generated in at least one of the vicinity of the hub blade facing surface or the casing near the blade facing surface. And since an apparent flow rate increases by this recirculation flow, the peeling phenomenon on a hub or a casing can be suppressed.
- the needs for the effect of reducing the clearance loss and the effect of suppressing the separation phenomenon are large on the leading edge side (upstream side from the center of the blade cord line) and relatively small on the trailing edge side. Therefore, on the trailing edge side, there may be a disadvantage that the efficiency reduction due to the occurrence of the recirculation flow is larger than the merit including the effect of reducing the clearance loss and the effect of suppressing the separation phenomenon.
- the upstream end of the hub-side clearance is not applied to the main flow of the fluid flow path regardless of the blade angle.
- the first blade-facing surface is inclined away from the center axis of rotation of the hub toward the downstream side. Disadvantages can be suppressed.
- the needs for the effect of reducing the clearance loss and the effect of suppressing the separation phenomenon are large on the leading edge side of the blade (upstream side from the center of the cord line of the blade) and relatively small on the trailing edge side. Therefore, on the trailing edge side, there may be a disadvantage that the efficiency reduction due to the occurrence of the recirculation flow is larger than the merit including the effect of reducing the clearance loss and the effect of suppressing the separation phenomenon.
- the upstream end of the tip side clearance is not applied to the main flow of the fluid flow path regardless of the blade angle.
- the clearance loss due to the leakage flow passing through the tip side clearance can be reduced, and the reduction of separation can be suppressed by forming the recirculation flow.
- the second blade facing surface is inclined so as to approach the rotation center axis of the hub toward the downstream side. Disadvantages can be suppressed.
- the hub is provided on the downstream side of the blade-facing hub portion in the axial direction of the hub.
- the downstream hub portion has a second outer peripheral surface adjacent to the first blade-facing surface in the axial direction, and the rotating machine satisfies Dh2 ⁇ Dr3.
- Dh2 is the distance between the downstream end of the hub-side end surface of the variable blade and the rotation center axis of the hub when the angle formed by the axial direction of the hub and the code line of the variable blade is the minimum.
- Dr3 is the distance between the upstream end of the second outer peripheral surface and the central axis of rotation of the hub.
- the hub-side clearance is not applied to the main flow of the fluid flow path from the front edge side to the rear edge side.
- the need for the effect of reducing the clearance loss increases on the leading edge side of the blade (upstream side from the center of the blade cord line). It becomes relatively small on the trailing edge side. Therefore, as in the rotating machine described in (4) above, if the hub side clearance does not reach the main flow of the fluid flow path when the blade angle is minimum on the trailing edge side of the blade, there is a need for an effect of reducing clearance loss. To some extent.
- the rotating machine satisfies Dh3 ⁇ Dr3.
- Dh3 is the distance between the downstream end of the hub-side end surface of the variable blade and the rotation center axis of the hub when the angle formed by the axial direction of the hub and the code line of the variable blade is maximum.
- Dr3 is the distance between the upstream end of the second outer peripheral surface and the central axis of rotation of the hub.
- the entire hub side clearance is not applied to the main flow of the fluid flow path regardless of the blade angle (regardless of the operating state of the rotating machine).
- the effect of reducing the clearance loss due to the leakage flow passing through the hub side clearance can be enjoyed regardless of the blade angle.
- the casing is provided downstream of the blade-facing casing portion in the axial direction of the hub.
- the downstream casing portion has a second inner peripheral surface adjacent to the second blade-facing surface in the axial direction, and the rotating machine satisfies Dt2 ⁇ Dc3.
- Dt2 is the distance between the downstream end of the tip end surface of the variable blade and the rotation center axis of the hub when the angle formed by the axial direction of the hub and the code line of the variable blade is maximum.
- Dc3 is a distance between the upstream end of the second inner peripheral surface and the rotation center axis of the hub.
- the tip side clearance is not applied to the main flow of the fluid flow path when the blade angle is maximum.
- the need for the effect of reducing the clearance loss increases on the leading edge side of the blade (upstream side from the center of the blade cord line). It becomes relatively small on the trailing edge side. Therefore, as in the rotary machine described in (6) above, the tip side clearance must be applied to the main flow of the fluid flow path when the blade angle is maximum (during low-flow operation of the rotary machine) on the trailing edge side of the blade.
- the need for the effect of reducing the clearance loss can be met to some extent.
- the rotating machine satisfies Dt3 ⁇ Dc3.
- Dt3 is the distance between the downstream end of the tip end surface of the variable wing and the central axis of rotation of the hub when the angle formed by the axial direction of the hub and the code line of the variable wing is the minimum.
- Dc3 is a distance between the upstream end of the second inner peripheral surface and the rotation center axis of the hub.
- the entire tip side clearance is not affected by the main flow of the fluid flow path regardless of the blade angle (regardless of the operating state of the rotating machine). Thereby, it is possible to enjoy the effect of reducing the clearance loss due to the leakage flow passing through the tip side clearance regardless of the blade angle.
- a rotary machine including a variable wing configured to be rotatable around a rotation axis along a radial direction of the hub, an increase in clearance loss accompanying rotation of the variable wing is increased. Can be suppressed.
- FIG. 1 It is sectional drawing which shows the schematic structure of the axial flow compressor which concerns on some embodiment. It is a schematic diagram for explaining the blade angle ⁇ 1 of the moving blade and the blade angle ⁇ 2 of the stationary blade, and is a view showing a part of the hub and the moving blade or the stationary blade viewed from the outside in the radial direction of the hub. It is a typical meridional section showing a part of an axial flow compressor concerning one embodiment, and (A) shows a meridional section shape of a moving blade when the blade angle of a moving blade is the minimum, and its circumference (B) shows the moving blade and its surrounding meridional cross-sectional shape when the blade angle of the moving blade is the maximum.
- FIG. 4B shows the moving blade and its surrounding meridional cross-sectional shape when the blade angle of the moving blade is the maximum.
- FIG. 4B shows the moving blade and its surrounding meridional cross-sectional shape when the blade angle of the moving blade is the maximum.
- the blade shape (solid line) seen from the upstream side along the axial direction of the hub when the blade angle is minimum and the blade shape seen from the upstream side along the axial direction of the hub when the blade angle is maximum It is a schematic diagram which shows a shape (two-dot chain line).
- the code direction position is made dimensionless by the code length of the blade, and the leading edge of the moving blade is 0% and the trailing edge is 100%.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of an axial compressor 100 as a rotating machine according to some embodiments.
- An axial flow compressor 100 shown in FIG. 1 is configured to cover a hub 2 that is configured to rotate around a rotation center axis O ⁇ b> 1 and a casing that forms a fluid flow path 4 between the hub 2 and the hub 2. 6, a moving blade 8 fixed to the hub 2, and a stationary blade 10 fixed to the casing 6.
- the moving blade 8 is disposed on the fluid flow path 4 and rotates around the rotation axis O2 along the radial direction of the hub 2 so that the axial direction of the hub 2 and the code line of the moving blade 8 are aligned.
- the angle ⁇ 1 formed (see FIG. 2, hereinafter, the angle ⁇ 1 is described as “blade angle” of the moving blade) is configured to be changeable.
- a plurality of moving blades 8 arranged in the circumferential direction at one axial position of the rotation center axis O1 constitute one moving blade row, and the plurality of moving blade rows are in the axial direction of the rotation center axis O1 (hereinafter, referred to as “rotation center axis O1”). (It is described as the axial direction of the hub 2).
- the stationary blade 10 is disposed on the fluid flow path 4 and rotates around the rotation axis O3 along the radial direction of the hub 2 so that the axial direction of the hub 2 and the code line of the stationary blade 10 are aligned.
- the angle ⁇ 2 formed (see FIG. 2, hereinafter, the angle ⁇ 2 is described as “blade angle” of the stationary blade) is configured to be changeable.
- a plurality of stationary blades 10 arranged in the circumferential direction at one position in the axial direction of the hub 2 constitute one stationary blade row, and the moving blade rows and the stationary blade rows are alternately arranged in the axial direction of the hub 2. ing.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic meridional cross-sectional view showing a part of the axial flow compressor 100 according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 3A shows the moving blade 8 and the moving blade 8 when the blade angle of the moving blade 8 is minimum.
- FIG. 3B shows the meridional cross-sectional shape of the moving blade 8 and its surroundings when the blade angle of the moving blade 8 is the maximum.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic meridional sectional view showing a part of the axial flow compressor 100 according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4A shows the moving blade 8 and the moving blade 8 when the blade angle of the moving blade 8 is minimum.
- FIG. 4B shows the meridional cross-sectional shape of the moving blade 8 and its surroundings when the blade angle of the moving blade 8 is the maximum.
- FIG. 3A shows the moving blade 8 and the moving blade 8 when the blade angle of the moving blade 8 is minimum.
- FIG. 4B shows the meridional cross-sectional shape of the moving blade 8 and its surroundings when the blade angle of the moving blade 8 is
- FIG. 5 is a schematic meridional sectional view showing a part of the axial flow compressor 100 according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 5A shows the moving blade 8 and the moving blade 8 when the blade angle of the moving blade 8 is minimum.
- FIG. 5B shows the meridional cross-sectional shape of the moving blade 8 and the surrounding meridian when the blade angle of the moving blade 8 is the maximum.
- the hub 2 includes a first blade-facing surface 14 that faces the hub-side end surface 12 of the blade 8.
- An upstream hub portion 20 having a first outer peripheral surface 18 provided on the upstream side of the blade-facing hub portion 16 in the axial direction of the hub 2 and adjacent to the first blade-facing surface 14 in the axial direction of the hub 2.
- the casing 6 includes a blade-facing casing portion 26 including a second blade-facing surface 24 facing the tip-side end surface 22 of the rotor blade 8, and a hub.
- an upstream casing 30 having a first inner peripheral surface 28 that is provided on the upstream side of the blade-facing casing portion 26 in the axial direction of 2 and adjacent to the second blade-facing surface 24 in the axial direction of the hub 2.
- wing opposing hub part 16, and the downstream side hub part 32 may be comprised integrally (it is one member), and each is comprised separately (it is another member). May be.
- at least one of the upstream-side hub part 20, the blade-facing hub part 16 and the downstream-side hub part 32 may be constituted by a plurality of members. For example, as shown in FIG. It may be formed of these members.
- the upstream casing portion 30, the blade-facing casing portion 26, and the downstream casing portion 36 may be configured integrally (with one member), or may be configured separately (with different members). May be.
- at least one of the upstream casing part 30, the blade-facing casing part 26, and the downstream casing part 36 may be constituted by a plurality of members. For example, as shown in FIG. It may be formed of these members.
- the axial flow compressor 100 is configured to satisfy at least one of the following conditions (a) and (b). ing.
- Dr1 is the distance between the upstream end 14a of the first blade-facing surface 14 and the rotation center axis O1 of the hub 2.
- Dh1 is the distance between the upstream end 12a of the hub side end surface 12 of the moving blade 8 and the rotation center axis O1 of the hub 2 when the blade angle of the moving blade 8 is maximum
- Dr2 is the first outer peripheral surface 18.
- Dc1 is a distance between the upstream end 24a of the second blade facing surface 24 and the rotation center axis O1 of the hub 2.
- Dt1 is the distance between the upstream end 22a of the tip end surface 22 of the moving blade 8 and the rotation center axis O1 of the hub 2 when the blade angle of the moving blade 8 is the minimum
- Dc2 is the first inner peripheral surface 28. Is the distance between the downstream end 28a of the hub 2 and the rotation center axis O1 of the hub 2.
- FIG. 7 shows the shape 8a (solid line) of the moving blade 8 viewed from the axial direction of the hub 2 when the blade angle is minimum, and the shape of the moving blade 8 viewed from the axial direction of the hub 2 when the blade angle is maximum. It is a schematic diagram which shows 8b (two-dot chain line).
- the clearance (hereinafter referred to as chip side clearance) is increased by the area ⁇ Ct.
- chip side clearance increases as the blade angle is rotated in the direction of decreasing the blade angle. For this reason, the hub side clearance becomes maximum when the blade angle of the moving blade 8 is minimum.
- the hub can be used regardless of the blade angle. At least one of the side clearance Ch and the tip side clearance Ct is not applied to the main flow of the fluid flow path 4 at the upstream end of the rotor blade 8. Thereby, the clearance loss resulting from the leakage flow which passes through at least one of the hub side clearance Ch and the tip side clearance Ct can be reduced.
- a step g is formed between at least one of the first outer peripheral surface 18 and the first blade facing surface 14 or between the first inner peripheral surface 28 and the second blade facing surface 24. Due to this step g, as shown in FIG. 8, a recirculation flow is generated in at least one of the vicinity of the first blade facing surface 14 of the hub 2 or the vicinity of the second blade facing surface 24 of the casing 6. And since the apparent flow rate increases by this recirculation flow, the peeling phenomenon on the hub 2 or the casing 6 can be suppressed.
- the axial flow compressor 100 satisfies at least the above condition (a), and the first blade-facing surface 14 is on the downstream side. As it goes, it inclines away from the rotation center axis O1 of the hub.
- the needs for the effect of reducing the clearance loss and the effect of suppressing the separation phenomenon are large on the leading edge side of the moving blade 8 and relatively small on the trailing edge side. Therefore, on the trailing edge side, there may be a disadvantage that the efficiency reduction due to the occurrence of the recirculation flow is larger than the merit including the effect of reducing the clearance loss and the effect of suppressing the separation phenomenon.
- the upstream end of the hub-side clearance Ch is fluid regardless of the blade angle by satisfying the condition (a).
- the main flow of the flow path 4 is not applied.
- wing opposing surface 14 inclines so that it may leave
- the axial flow compressor 100 satisfies at least the condition (b), and the second blade facing surface 24 is located on the downstream side. As it goes, it is inclined so as to approach the rotation center axis O1 of the hub 2.
- the needs for the effect of reducing the clearance loss and the effect of suppressing the separation phenomenon are large on the leading edge side of the moving blade 8 and relatively small on the trailing edge side. Therefore, on the trailing edge side, there may be a disadvantage that the efficiency reduction due to the occurrence of the recirculation flow is larger than the merit including the effect of reducing the clearance loss and the effect of suppressing the separation phenomenon.
- the upstream end of the tip side clearance Ct is the fluid flow path 4 regardless of the blade angle by satisfying the condition (b). No longer in the mainstream.
- wing opposing surface 24 inclines so that it may approach the rotation center axis
- the hub 2 is provided on the downstream side of the blade-facing hub portion 16 in the axial direction of the hub 2.
- the downstream hub portion 32 includes a second outer peripheral surface 34 adjacent to the first blade facing surface 14 in the axial direction, and the axial compressor 100 is configured to satisfy Dh2 ⁇ Dr3.
- Dh2 is the distance between the downstream end 12b of the hub side end surface 12 of the moving blade 8 and the rotation center axis O1 of the hub 2 when the blade angle of the moving blade 8 is the minimum
- Dr3 is the second outer peripheral surface.
- 34 is a distance between the upstream end 34 a of the hub 34 and the rotation center axis O ⁇ b> 1 of the hub 2.
- the hub-side clearance Ch is not applied to the main flow of the fluid flow path 4 from the front edge side to the rear edge side when the blade angle is minimum.
- the need for the effect of reducing the clearance loss is large on the leading edge side of the moving blade 8 (upstream side from the center of the code line of the moving blade 8) and relatively small on the trailing edge side of the moving blade 8. Therefore, as in the axial flow compressor 100 shown in FIGS. 3 (A) to 5 (B), the hub-side clearance Ch is the main flow of the fluid flow path 4 when the blade angle is minimum on the trailing edge side of the moving blade 8. If not, the need for the effect of reducing the clearance loss can be met to some extent.
- the axial compressor 100 satisfies Dh3 ⁇ Dr3.
- Dh3 is the distance between the downstream end 12b of the hub-side end surface 12 of the rotor blade 8 and the rotation center axis O1 of the hub 2 when the blade angle is maximum
- Dr3 is the upstream end of the second outer peripheral surface 34. This is the distance between 34a and the rotation center axis O1 of the hub 2.
- the entire hub side clearance Ch is not applied to the main flow of the fluid flow path 4 regardless of the blade angle. Thereby, the effect of reducing the clearance loss due to the leakage flow passing through the hub side clearance Ch can be enjoyed regardless of the blade angle.
- the casing 6 is provided on the downstream side of the blade-facing casing portion 26 in the axial direction of the hub 2.
- the downstream casing portion 36 includes a second inner peripheral surface 38 adjacent to the second blade facing surface 24 in the axial direction so that the axial compressor 100 satisfies Dt2 ⁇ Dc3. It is configured.
- Dt2 is the distance between the downstream end 22b of the tip end surface 22 of the rotor blade 8 and the rotation center axis O1 of the hub 2 when the blade angle is maximum
- Dc3 is the upstream of the second inner peripheral surface 38. This is the distance between the end 38a and the rotation center axis O1 of the hub 2.
- the tip side clearance Ct is not applied to the main flow of the fluid flow path 4 when the blade angle is maximum.
- the need for a clearance loss reduction effect is large on the leading edge side of the moving blade 8 and relatively small on the trailing edge side of the moving blade 8. Therefore, as in the axial flow compressor 100 shown in FIGS. 3 (B), 4 (B), and 5 (B), the tip-side clearance Ct is larger on the trailing edge side of the moving blade 8 when the blade angle is maximum. If the main flow of the fluid flow path 4 is not applied, the need for the effect of reducing the clearance loss can be met to some extent.
- the axial flow compressor 100 satisfies Dt3 ⁇ Dc3.
- Dt3 is the distance between the downstream end 22b of the tip side end surface 22 of the rotor blade 8 and the rotation center axis O1 of the hub 2 when the blade angle is minimum
- Dc3 is the upstream of the second inner peripheral surface 38. This is the distance between the end 38a and the rotation center axis O1 of the hub 2.
- the entire tip side clearance Ct is not applied to the main flow of the fluid flow path 4 regardless of the blade angle. Thereby, the effect of reducing the clearance loss due to the leakage flow passing through the tip side clearance Ct can be enjoyed regardless of the blade angle.
- the axial flow compressor 100 may satisfy Dt3 ⁇ Dc3, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 4A, or may satisfy Dh3> Dr3, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 4B. It may be.
- Dt3 ⁇ Dc3 for example, as illustrated in FIG. 4A
- Dr3 for example, as illustrated in FIG. 4B. It may be.
- the axial flow compressor 100 since the need for the effect of reducing the clearance loss is relatively small on the trailing edge side of the moving blade 8, even in such a configuration, at least one of the above condition (a) and the above condition (b) is satisfied. If satisfied, the effect of reducing the clearance loss due to the leakage flow passing through the tip side clearance Ct can be enjoyed.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and includes forms obtained by modifying the above-described embodiments and forms obtained by appropriately combining these forms.
- the relationship between the shape of the moving blade 8 and the shape of the hub 2 or the casing 6 has been described. It can also be applied to the relationship with the shape.
- spherical processing as described in Patent Document 1 is performed on the hub side end surface 12, the first blade facing surface 14, the tip side end surface. You may give suitably to 22 and the 2nd blade
- the present invention can also be applied to rotating machines such as an axial fan for boilers, an axial blower for blast furnaces, a gas turbine compressor, and various turbines.
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Abstract
Description
(a)Dr1<Dh1≦Dr2
(b)Dc1≧Dt1>Dc2
ここで、Dr1は、前記第1翼対向面の上流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸(回転機械の回転軸方向)との距離であり、Dh1は、前記ハブの軸方向と前記可変翼のコードラインとがなす角が最大のときの前記可変翼のハブ側端面における上流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸との距離であり、Dr2は、前記第1外周面の下流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸との距離であり、Dc1は、前記第2翼対向面の上流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸との距離であり、Dt1は、前記ハブの軸方向と前記可変翼のコードラインとがなす角が最小のときの前記可変翼のチップ側端面における上流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸との距離であり、Dc2は、前記第1内周面の下流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸との距離である。
このように、クリアランスロスの低減効果と剥離現象の抑制効果のニーズは、翼の前縁側(翼のコードラインの中心より上流側)で大きく、後縁側では相対的に小さい。
したがって、後縁側では、クリアランスロスの低減効果と剥離現象の抑制効果とを含むメリットよりも、再循環流の発生に伴う効率低下が生じるデメリットが大きくなる場合がある。
一方、上記(2)に記載の回転機械によれば、第1翼対向面が、下流側に向かうにつれてハブの回転中心軸から離れるよう傾斜しているため、後縁側では再循環流に起因するデメリットを抑えることができる。
一方、上記(3)に記載の回転機械によれば、第2翼対向面が、下流側に向かうにつれてハブの回転中心軸に近づくよう傾斜しているため、後縁側では再循環流に起因するデメリットを抑えることができる。
ここで、Dh2は、前記ハブの軸方向と前記可変翼のコードラインとがなす角が最小のときの前記可変翼のハブ側端面における下流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸との距離であり、Dr3は、前記第2外周面の上流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸との距離である。
なお、上記(2)に記載の回転機械についての説明に記載したように、クリアランスロスの低減効果のニーズは、翼の前縁側(翼のコードラインの中心より上流側)で大きくなり、翼の後縁側では相対的に小さくなる。したがって、上記(4)に記載の回転機械のように、翼の後縁側において、翼角が最小のときにハブ側クリアランスが流体流路の主流にかからなければ、クリアランスロスの低減効果のニーズをある程度満たすことができる。
ここで、Dh3は、前記ハブの軸方向と前記可変翼のコードラインとがなす角が最大のときの前記可変翼のハブ側端面における下流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸との距離であり、Dr3は、前記第2外周面の上流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸との距離である。
ここで、Dt2は、前記ハブの軸方向と前記可変翼のコードラインとがなす角が最大のときの前記可変翼のチップ側端面における下流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸との距離であり、Dc3は、前記第2内周面の上流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸との距離である。
なお、上記(2)に記載の回転機械についての説明に記載したように、クリアランスロスの低減効果のニーズは、翼の前縁側(翼のコードラインの中心より上流側)で大きくなり、翼の後縁側では相対的に小さくなる。したがって、上記(6)に記載の回転機械のように、翼の後縁側において、翼角が最大のとき(回転機械の低流量運転時)にチップ側クリアランスが流体流路の主流にかからなければ、クリアランスロスの低減効果のニーズをある程度満たすことができる。
ここで、Dt3は、前記ハブの軸方向と前記可変翼のコードラインとがなす角が最小のときの前記可変翼のチップ側端面における下流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸との距離であり、Dc3は、前記第2内周面の上流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸との距離である。
例えば、「ある方向に」、「ある方向に沿って」、「平行」、「直交」、「中心」、「同心」或いは「同軸」「一致」等の相対的な配置関係を表す表現は、厳密にそのような相対的配置関係を表すのみならず、公差、若しくは、同じ機能が得られる程度の角度や距離をもって相対的に変位している状態も表すものとする。
また、一の構成要素を「備える」、「具える」、「具備する」、「含む」、又は、「有する」という表現は、他の構成要素の存在を除外する排他的な表現ではない。
(a)Dr1<Dh1≦Dr2
(b)Dc1≧Dt1>Dc2
ここで、図3(B)、図4(B)及び図5(B)に示すように、Dr1は、第1翼対向面14の上流端14aとハブ2の回転中心軸O1との距離であり、Dh1は、動翼8の翼角が最大のときの動翼8のハブ側端面12における上流端12aとハブ2の回転中心軸O1との距離であり、Dr2は、第1外周面18の下流端18aとハブ2の回転中心軸O1との距離である。また、図3(A)、図4(A)及び図5(A)に示すように、Dc1は、第2翼対向面24の上流端24aとハブ2の回転中心軸O1との距離であり、Dt1は、動翼8の翼角が最小のときの動翼8のチップ側端面22における上流端22aとハブ2の回転中心軸O1との距離であり、Dc2は、第1内周面28の下流端28aとハブ2の回転中心軸O1との距離である。
このように、クリアランスロスの低減効果と剥離現象の抑制効果のニーズは、動翼8の前縁側で大きく、後縁側では相対的に小さい。したがって、後縁側では、クリアランスロスの低減効果と剥離現象の抑制効果とを含むメリットよりも、再循環流の発生に伴う効率低下が生じるデメリットが大きくなる場合がある。
ここで、Dh2は、動翼8の翼角が最小のときの動翼8のハブ側端面12における下流端12bとハブ2の回転中心軸O1との距離であり、Dr3は、第2外周面34の上流端34aとハブ2の回転中心軸O1との距離である。
なお、上述のように、クリアランスロスの低減効果のニーズは、動翼8の前縁側(動翼8のコードラインの中心より上流側)で大きく、動翼8の後縁側では相対的に小さい。したがって、図3(A)~図5(B)に示す軸流圧縮機100のように、動翼8の後縁側において、翼角が最小のときにハブ側クリアランスChが流体流路4の主流にかからなければ、クリアランスロスの低減効果のニーズをある程度満たすことができる。
ここで、Dh3は、翼角が最大のときの動翼8のハブ側端面12における下流端12bとハブ2の回転中心軸O1との距離であり、Dr3は、第2外周面34の上流端34aとハブ2の回転中心軸O1との距離である。
ここで、Dt2は、翼角が最大のときの動翼8のチップ側端面22における下流端22bとハブ2の回転中心軸O1との距離であり、Dc3は、第2内周面38の上流端38aとハブ2の回転中心軸O1との距離である。
なお、上述のように、クリアランスロスの低減効果のニーズは、動翼8の前縁側で大きく、動翼8の後縁側では相対的に小さい。したがって、図3(B)、図4(B)及び図5(B)に示す軸流圧縮機100のように、動翼8の後縁側において、翼角が最大のときにチップ側クリアランスCtが流体流路4の主流にかからなければ、クリアランスロスの低減効果のニーズをある程度満たすことができる。
ここで、Dt3は、翼角が最小のときの動翼8のチップ側端面22における下流端22bとハブ2の回転中心軸O1との距離であり、Dc3は、第2内周面38の上流端38aとハブ2の回転中心軸O1との距離である。
例えば、上述した幾つかの実施形態では、動翼8の形状とハブ2又はケーシング6の形状との関係について説明したが、これらの関係については、静翼10の形状とハブ2又はケーシング6の形状との関係にも適用することができる。
また、翼角の変更に伴うハブ側クリアランス又はチップ側クリアランスの増大を抑制するために、特許文献1に記載されるような球面加工をハブ側端面12、第1翼対向面14、チップ側端面22及び第2翼対向面24に適宜施してもよい。
また、本発明は、例えばボイラ用軸流ファン、高炉用軸流ブロワ、ガスタービン圧縮機及び各種タービン等の回転機械に適用することができる。
4 流体流路
6 ケーシング
7 入口
8 動翼
9 出口
10 静翼
12 ハブ側端面
12a ハブ側端面の上流端
12b ハブ側端面の下流端
14 第1翼対向面
14a 第1翼対向面の上流端
16 翼対向ハブ部
18 第1外周面
18a 第1外周面の下流端
20 上流側ハブ部
22 チップ側端面
22a チップ側端面の上流端
22b チップ側端面の下流端
24 第2翼対向面
24a 第2翼対向面の上流端
26 翼対向ケーシング部
28 第1内周面
28a 第1内周面の下流端
30 上流側ケーシング部
32 下流側ハブ部
34 第2外周面
34a 第2外周面の上流端
36 下流側ケーシング部
38 第2内周面
38a 第2内周面の上流端
100 軸流圧縮機
Claims (7)
- 回転中心軸周りに回転するように構成されたハブと、
前記ハブを覆うよう構成され、前記ハブとの間に流体流路を形成するケーシングと、
前記流体流路上に配置され、前記ハブの径方向に沿った回動軸周りに回動可能に構成された可変翼と、を備える回転機械であって、
前記ハブは、
前記可変翼のハブ側端面に対向する第1翼対向面を含む翼対向ハブ部と、
前記ハブの軸方向において前記翼対向ハブ部の上流側に設けられ、前記軸方向において前記第1翼対向面に隣接する第1外周面を有する上流側ハブ部と、
を含み、
前記ケーシングは、
前記可変翼のチップ側端面に対向する第2翼対向面を含む翼対向ケーシング部と、
前記軸方向において前記翼対向ケーシング部の上流側に設けられ、前記軸方向において前記第2翼対向面に隣接する第1内周面を有する上流側ケーシング部と、
を含み、
以下の条件(a)と条件(b)の少なくとも一方を満たす回転機械。
(a)Dr1<Dh1≦Dr2
(b)Dc1≧Dt1>Dc2
ここで、Dr1は、前記第1翼対向面の上流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸との距離であり、Dh1は、前記ハブの軸方向と前記可変翼のコードラインとがなす角が最大のときの前記可変翼のハブ側端面における上流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸との距離であり、Dr2は、前記第1外周面の下流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸との距離であり、Dc1は、前記第2翼対向面の上流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸との距離であり、Dt1は、前記ハブの軸方向と前記可変翼のコードラインとがなす角が最小のときの前記可変翼のチップ側端面における上流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸との距離であり、Dc2は、前記第1内周面の下流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸との距離である。 - 少なくとも前記条件(a)を満たし、
前記第1翼対向面は、下流側に向かうにつれて前記ハブの回転中心軸から離れるよう傾斜している請求項1に記載の回転機械。 - 少なくとも前記条件(b)を満たし、
前記第2翼対向面は、下流側に向かうにつれて前記ハブの回転中心軸に近づくよう傾斜している請求項1又は2に記載の回転機械。 - 前記ハブは、該ハブの軸方向において前記翼対向ハブ部の下流側に設けられる下流側ハブ部を含み、
前記下流側ハブ部は、前記軸方向において前記第1翼対向面に隣接する第2外周面を有し、
前記回転機械は、Dh2≦Dr3を満たす請求項1乃至3の何れか1項に記載の回転機械。
ここで、Dh2は、前記ハブの軸方向と前記可変翼のコードラインとがなす角が最小のときの前記可変翼のハブ側端面における下流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸との距離であり、Dr3は、前記第2外周面の上流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸との距離である。 - 前記ハブは、該ハブの軸方向において前記翼対向ハブ部の下流側に設けられる下流側ハブ部を含み、
前記下流側ハブ部は、前記軸方向において前記第1翼対向面に隣接する第2外周面を有し、
前記回転機械は、Dh3≦Dr3を満たす請求項2に記載の回転機械。
ここで、Dh3は、前記ハブの軸方向と前記可変翼のコードラインとがなす角が最大のときの前記可変翼のハブ側端面における下流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸との距離であり、Dr3は、前記第2外周面の上流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸との距離である。 - 前記ケーシングは、前記ハブの軸方向において前記翼対向ケーシング部の下流側に設けられる下流側ケーシング部を含み、
前記下流側ケーシング部は、前記軸方向において前記第2翼対向面に隣接する第2内周面を有し、
前記回転機械は、Dt2≧Dc3を満たす請求項1乃至5の何れか1項に記載の回転機械。
ここで、Dt2は、前記ハブの軸方向と前記可変翼のコードラインとがなす角が最大のときの前記可変翼のチップ側端面における下流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸との距離であり、Dc3は、前記第2内周面の上流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸との距離である。 - 前記ケーシングは、前記ハブの軸方向において前記翼対向ケーシング部の下流側に設けられる下流側ケーシング部を含み、
前記下流側ケーシング部は、前記軸方向において前記第2翼対向面に隣接する第2内周面を有し、
前記回転機械は、Dt3≧Dc3を満たす請求項3に記載の回転機械。
ここで、Dt3は、前記ハブの軸方向と前記可変翼のコードラインとがなす角が最小のときの前記可変翼のチップ側端面における下流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸との距離であり、Dc3は、前記第2内周面の上流端と前記ハブの回転中心軸との距離である。
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| PCT/JP2015/080170 WO2017072844A1 (ja) | 2015-10-27 | 2015-10-27 | 回転機械 |
| DE112015006777.9T DE112015006777T5 (de) | 2015-10-27 | 2015-10-27 | Rotationsmaschine |
| US15/552,005 US10626739B2 (en) | 2015-10-27 | 2015-10-27 | Rotary machine |
| CN201580081804.1A CN107850082B (zh) | 2015-10-27 | 2015-10-27 | 旋转机械 |
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2015
- 2015-10-27 US US15/552,005 patent/US10626739B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-10-27 WO PCT/JP2015/080170 patent/WO2017072844A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2015-10-27 CN CN201580081804.1A patent/CN107850082B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-10-27 DE DE112015006777.9T patent/DE112015006777T5/de not_active Withdrawn
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20180073376A1 (en) | 2018-03-15 |
| US10626739B2 (en) | 2020-04-21 |
| CN107850082A (zh) | 2018-03-27 |
| CN107850082B (zh) | 2019-11-05 |
| DE112015006777T5 (de) | 2018-05-03 |
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