WO2017057394A1 - 液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017057394A1 WO2017057394A1 PCT/JP2016/078516 JP2016078516W WO2017057394A1 WO 2017057394 A1 WO2017057394 A1 WO 2017057394A1 JP 2016078516 W JP2016078516 W JP 2016078516W WO 2017057394 A1 WO2017057394 A1 WO 2017057394A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- prism sheet
- layer
- display device
- crystal display
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/04—Prisms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device. More specifically, the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device including two prism sheets and a wavelength conversion layer.
- liquid crystal display devices using surface light source devices as displays.
- a liquid crystal display device including an edge light type surface light source device light emitted from the light source enters the light guide plate and propagates while repeating total reflection on the light output surface (side surface of the liquid crystal cell) and the back surface of the light guide plate.
- a part of the light propagating through the light guide plate is changed in the traveling direction by a light scatterer or the like provided on the back surface of the light guide plate and is emitted from the light exit surface to the outside of the light guide plate.
- the light emitted from the light exit surface of the light guide plate is diffused and collected by various optical sheets such as a diffusion sheet, a prism sheet, and a brightness enhancement film, and then enters a liquid crystal display panel in which polarizing plates are arranged on both sides of the liquid crystal cell. To do.
- the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal cell are driven for each pixel to control the transmission and absorption of incident light. As a result, an image is displayed.
- the prism sheet is typically fitted into a housing of the surface light source device and provided close to the light exit surface of the light guide plate.
- quantum dots have attracted attention as light emitting materials, and quantum dot films using quantum dots have been commercialized.
- the quantum dots When light enters the quantum dot film from the backlight, the quantum dots are excited to emit fluorescence.
- a blue LED backlight when used, part of the blue light is converted into red light and green light by the quantum dot film, and part of the blue light is emitted as blue light as it is.
- white light can be realized.
- color reproducibility of NTSC ratio of 100% or more can be realized by using such a quantum dot film.
- a liquid crystal display device using a combination of a prism sheet and a quantum dot film has a problem that the hue is not neutral and the yellow color is large.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described conventional problems.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal having excellent mechanical strength, excellent hue, and small hue change depending on the viewing angle. It is to provide a display device.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes a liquid crystal cell, a viewing side polarizing plate disposed on the viewing side of the liquid crystal cell, and a back side polarized light disposed in order from the liquid crystal cell side on the side opposite to the viewing side of the liquid crystal cell.
- Each of the first prism sheet and the second prism sheet has a flat first main surface and a second main surface on which a plurality of columnar unit prisms that are convex on the opposite side of the first main surface are arranged. And have.
- the convex portion by the unit prism of the second main surface of the first prism sheet is bonded to the main surface of the reflective polarizer opposite to the back-side polarizing plate, and / or Or the convex part by the unit prism of the 2nd main surface of this 2nd prism sheet is bonded together to the 1st main surface of this 1st prism sheet.
- an air gap is defined between the concave portion of the second main surface of the first prism sheet and the reflective polarizer, and / or the second liquid crystal display device.
- a gap is defined between the concave portion of the second main surface of the prism sheet and the first main surface of the first prism sheet.
- the liquid crystal display device further includes a low refractive index layer between the second prism sheet and the wavelength conversion layer. In one embodiment, the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is 1.30 or less. In one embodiment, the liquid crystal display device further includes a light diffusion layer between the back-side polarizing plate and the reflective polarizer. In one embodiment, the wavelength conversion layer includes a light diffusing material. In one embodiment, the liquid crystal display device is in an IPS mode.
- a liquid crystal display device having two prism sheets and a wavelength conversion layer, by sticking a convex portion by a unit prism of at least one prism sheet and a predetermined flat surface of an adjacent component, A liquid crystal display device having excellent mechanical strength, excellent hue, and small hue change depending on the viewing angle can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a liquid crystal display device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 includes a liquid crystal cell 10, a viewing side polarizing plate 20 disposed on the viewing side of the liquid crystal cell 10, and a back side polarized light disposed in order from the liquid crystal cell 10 side on the side opposite to the viewing side of the liquid crystal cell 10.
- a plate 30, a reflective polarizer 40, a first prism sheet 50, a second prism sheet 60, a wavelength conversion layer 70, and a backlight unit (not shown) are provided.
- the first prism sheet 50 typically includes a base material portion 51 and a prism portion 52.
- the first prism sheet 50 includes a flat first main surface (a flat surface of the base material portion 51) and a second main surface having a concavo-convex shape opposite to the first main surface (on the side opposite to the first main surface).
- the second prism sheet 60 typically includes a base portion 61 and a prism portion 62.
- the second prism sheet 60 has a flat first main surface (a flat surface of the base material portion 61) and a second main surface having a concavo-convex shape opposite to the first main surface (on the side opposite to the first main surface).
- the convex portions of the unit prisms on at least one second main surface of the first prism sheet 50 and the second prism sheet 60 are bonded to a predetermined flat surface of an adjacent component. ing.
- the convex part by the unit prism 53 of the 2nd main surface of the 1st prism sheet 50 is bonded together to the main surface on the opposite side to the back side polarizing plate 30 of the reflective polarizer 40, and / or
- the convex portion by the unit prism 63 of the second main surface of the second prism sheet 60 is bonded to the first main surface of the first prism sheet 50.
- a gap is defined between the concave portion of the second main surface of the first prism sheet 50 and the reflective polarizer 40 and / or the concave portion of the second main surface of the second prism sheet 60.
- a gap is defined between the first main surface of the first prism sheet 50.
- the hue (problem of yellowishness) of a liquid crystal display device including a wavelength conversion layer can be remarkably improved. Details are as follows.
- the wavelength conversion layer applied to the liquid crystal display device converts part of the incident blue to blue-violet light into green light and red light, and emits part of it as blue light as it is. A white light is realized by a combination of blue light and blue light.
- the wavelength conversion layer applied to the liquid crystal display device is often yellow to orange due to the relationship between the constituent materials and light absorption.
- the prism sheet is typically used to improve luminance and hue by compensating for insufficient color conversion efficiency with the wavelength conversion layer alone by utilizing the retroreflection.
- the prism sheet has a function of condensing the spread light in the front direction, high conversion efficiency is not sufficiently realized in the oblique direction, and as a result, the hue in the oblique direction is the color of the wavelength conversion layer. In many cases, it appears yellow to orange, and the display quality of the image display device is lowered.
- the air layer is eliminated at the point bonding portion, the light condensing property is reduced, and the light spreads around.
- the hue in the front and oblique directions can be improved.
- the degree of point adhesion for example, the number and position of point adhesion parts, the thickness of the adhesive used for point adhesion
- the degree of point adhesion to form a void portion having a predetermined void degree, it is possible to realize further excellent luminance and hue.
- At least one of the first prism sheet 50 and the second prism sheet 60 is point-bonded. That is, since at least one of the two prism sheets can eliminate the air layer between the prism sheet and the adjacent layer, it can contribute to thinning of the liquid crystal display device. Thinning a liquid crystal display device has a large commercial value because it expands the range of design choices. Further, by such point bonding, at least one prism sheet can be incorporated and integrated into an optical member constituting the liquid crystal display device. Such integration eliminates the need to attach the prism sheet to the surface light source device (backlight unit, substantially light guide plate), and thus avoids damage to the prism sheet due to rubbing during such attachment. As a result, it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal display device that can prevent display turbidity due to such scratches and has excellent mechanical strength.
- the surface light source device backlight unit, substantially light guide plate
- the liquid crystal display device 100 may further include a low refractive index layer (not shown) between the second prism sheet 60 and the wavelength conversion layer 70 as necessary.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 may further include a light diffusion layer (not shown) between the back-side polarizing plate 30 and the reflective polarizer 40 as necessary.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 may further include any appropriate optical compensation layer (retardation layer) depending on the purpose.
- the optical characteristics for example, refractive index ellipsoid, in-plane retardation, thickness direction retardation, Nz coefficient, wavelength dependence
- number, combination, arrangement position, etc. of the optical compensation layer can be appropriately set according to the purpose. .
- the liquid crystal display device 100 may further include a barrier layer (not shown) adjacent to the wavelength conversion layer 70 on at least one side of the wavelength conversion layer 70 as necessary.
- the barrier layer is provided between the second prism sheet 60 and the wavelength conversion layer 70 (when a low refractive index layer is provided between the second prism sheet 60 and the wavelength conversion layer 70, Between the refractive index layer and the wavelength conversion layer 70) and / or on the opposite side of the wavelength conversion layer 70 from the second prism sheet 60.
- Each component of the liquid crystal display device can be laminated via any appropriate adhesive layer (for example, an adhesive layer, an adhesive layer: not shown).
- the backlight unit is not a characteristic part of the present invention, and a configuration well known in the industry can be adopted, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted.
- a liquid crystal cell 10 includes a pair of substrates 11 and 12 and a liquid crystal layer 13 as a display medium sandwiched between the substrates.
- one substrate 11 is provided with a color filter and a black matrix
- the other substrate 12 is provided with a switching element for controlling the electro-optical characteristics of the liquid crystal and a gate signal is given to this switching element.
- a scanning line and a signal line for supplying a source signal, and a pixel electrode are provided.
- the distance (cell gap) between the substrates 11 and 12 is controlled by a spacer.
- an alignment film made of polyimide can be provided on the side of the substrates 11 and 12 that is in contact with the liquid crystal layer 13.
- the liquid crystal layer 13 includes liquid crystal molecules aligned in a homogeneous alignment in the absence of an electric field.
- Typical examples of drive modes using liquid crystal molecules aligned in a homogeneous arrangement in the absence of an electric field include an in-plane switching (IPS) mode and a fringe field switching (FFS) mode.
- the liquid crystal layer 13 includes liquid crystal molecules aligned in a homeotropic alignment in the absence of an electric field.
- An example of a drive mode using liquid crystal molecules aligned in a homeotropic alignment in the absence of an electric field is a vertical alignment (VA) mode.
- VA mode includes a multi-domain VA (MVA) mode.
- the drive mode is preferably a drive mode using liquid crystal molecules aligned in a homogeneous alignment in the absence of an electric field, and more preferably an IPS mode.
- the IPS mode uses voltage-controlled birefringence (ECB: Electrically Controlled Birefringence) effect, and liquid crystal molecules that are aligned in a homogeneous arrangement in the absence of an electric field include, for example, a counter electrode and a pixel electrode formed of metal.
- EB Electrically Controlled Birefringence
- a response is caused by an electric field (also referred to as a transverse electric field) parallel to the generated substrate. More specifically, for example, Techno Times Publishing “Monthly Display July” p. 83-p. 88 (1997 edition) and “Liquid Crystal vol. 2 No. 4” published by the Japanese Liquid Crystal Society. 303-p.
- the IPS mode includes a super-in-plane switching (S-IPS) mode and an advanced super-in-plane switching (AS-IPS) mode using a V-shaped electrode or a zigzag electrode.
- the viewing side polarizing plate 20 typically includes an absorption polarizer 21, a protective layer 22 disposed on one side of the absorption polarizer 21, and an absorption polarizer. And a protective layer 23 disposed on the other side of 21. Depending on the purpose and the configuration of the liquid crystal display device, one of the protective layers may be omitted.
- the resin film forming the polarizer may be a single-layer resin film or a laminate of two or more layers.
- polarizers composed of a single-layer resin film include hydrophilic polymer films such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films, partially formalized PVA films, and ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer partially saponified films.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- polyene-based oriented films such as those subjected to dyeing treatment and stretching treatment with dichroic substances such as iodine and dichroic dyes, PVA dehydrated products and polyvinyl chloride dehydrochlorinated products.
- a polarizer obtained by dyeing a PVA film with iodine and uniaxially stretching is used because of excellent optical properties.
- the dyeing with iodine is performed, for example, by immersing a PVA film in an aqueous iodine solution.
- the stretching ratio of the uniaxial stretching is preferably 3 to 7 times.
- the stretching may be performed after the dyeing treatment or may be performed while dyeing. Moreover, you may dye
- the PVA film is subjected to swelling treatment, crosslinking treatment, washing treatment, drying treatment and the like. For example, by immersing the PVA film in water and washing it before dyeing, not only can the surface of the PVA film be cleaned of dirt and anti-blocking agents, but the PVA film can be swollen to cause uneven staining. Can be prevented.
- a polarizer obtained by using a laminate a laminate of a resin substrate and a PVA resin layer (PVA resin film) laminated on the resin substrate, or a resin substrate and the resin
- a polarizer obtained by using a laminate with a PVA resin layer applied and formed on a substrate examples thereof include a polarizer obtained by using a laminate with a PVA resin layer applied and formed on a substrate.
- a polarizer obtained by using a laminate of a resin base material and a PVA resin layer applied and formed on the resin base material may be obtained by, for example, applying a PVA resin solution to a resin base material and drying it.
- a PVA-based resin layer is formed thereon to obtain a laminate of a resin base material and a PVA-based resin layer; the laminate is stretched and dyed to make the PVA-based resin layer a polarizer; obtain.
- stretching typically includes immersing the laminate in an aqueous boric acid solution and stretching.
- the stretching may further include, if necessary, stretching the laminate in the air at a high temperature (for example, 95 ° C. or higher) before stretching in the aqueous boric acid solution.
- the obtained resin base material / polarizer laminate may be used as it is (that is, the resin base material may be used as a protective layer of the polarizer), and the resin base material is peeled from the resin base material / polarizer laminate.
- Any appropriate protective layer according to the purpose may be laminated on the release surface. Details of a method for manufacturing such a polarizer are described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-73580. This publication is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- the thickness of the polarizer is preferably 15 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m, still more preferably 3 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 3 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the polarizer is in such a range, curling during heating can be satisfactorily suppressed, and good appearance durability during heating can be obtained.
- the polarizer preferably exhibits absorption dichroism at any wavelength between 380 nm and 780 nm.
- the single transmittance of the polarizer is 43.0% to 46.0%, preferably 44.5% to 46.0%.
- the polarization degree of the polarizer is preferably 97.0% or more, more preferably 99.0% or more, and further preferably 99.9% or more.
- the single transmittance and the degree of polarization can be measured using a spectrophotometer.
- the parallel transmittance (H 0 ) is a value of the transmittance of a parallel laminated polarizer prepared by superposing two identical polarizers so that their absorption axes are parallel to each other.
- the orthogonal transmittance (H 90 ) is a value of the transmittance of an orthogonal laminated polarizer produced by superposing two identical polarizers so that their absorption axes are orthogonal to each other. Note that these transmittances are Y values obtained by correcting the visibility with the 2-degree field of view (C light source) of JlS Z 8701-1982.
- the protective layer is formed of any suitable film that can be used as a protective film for a polarizing plate.
- the material as the main component of the film include cellulose resins such as triacetyl cellulose (TAC), polyester-based, polyvinyl alcohol-based, polycarbonate-based, polyamide-based, polyimide-based, polyethersulfone-based, and polysulfone-based materials.
- transparent resins such as polystyrene, polynorbornene, polyolefin, (meth) acryl, and acetate.
- thermosetting resins such as (meth) acrylic, urethane-based, (meth) acrylurethane-based, epoxy-based, and silicone-based or ultraviolet curable resins are also included.
- a glassy polymer such as a siloxane polymer is also included.
- a polymer film described in JP-A-2001-343529 (WO01 / 37007) can also be used.
- a resin composition containing a thermoplastic resin having a substituted or unsubstituted imide group in the side chain and a thermoplastic resin having a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group and nitrile group in the side chain for example, a resin composition having an alternating copolymer of isobutene and N-methylmaleimide and an acrylonitrile / styrene copolymer can be mentioned.
- the polymer film can be, for example, an extruded product of the resin composition.
- Each protective layer may be the same or different.
- the thickness of the protective layer is preferably 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the protective layer may be laminated on the polarizer via an adhesive layer (specifically, an adhesive layer or a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer), or may be adhered to the polarizer (without an adhesive layer). Good.
- the adhesive layer is formed of any appropriate adhesive.
- the water-soluble adhesive agent which has a polyvinyl alcohol-type resin as a main component is mentioned, for example.
- the water-soluble adhesive mainly composed of a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin can preferably further contain a metal compound colloid.
- the metal compound colloid can be one in which metal compound fine particles are dispersed in a dispersion medium, and can be electrostatically stabilized due to mutual repulsion of the same kind of charge of the fine particles, and can have permanent stability. .
- the average particle size of the fine particles forming the metal compound colloid can be any appropriate value as long as it does not adversely affect the optical properties such as polarization properties.
- the thickness is preferably 1 nm to 100 nm, more preferably 1 nm to 50 nm. This is because the fine particles can be uniformly dispersed in the adhesive layer, the adhesion can be ensured, and the nick can be suppressed.
- the “knic” refers to a local uneven defect generated at the interface between the polarizer and the protective layer.
- the protective layer (viewing-side protective layer) 22 may be subjected to a surface treatment such as a hard coat treatment, an antireflection treatment, an antisticking treatment, and an antiglare treatment as necessary. Further / or, if necessary, the protective layer may be treated to improve visibility when viewed through polarized sunglasses (typically, an (elliptical) circular polarization function is added, an ultra-high phase difference is applied. Granting). By performing such processing, excellent visibility can be achieved even when the display screen is viewed through a polarizing lens such as polarized sunglasses. Therefore, the liquid crystal display device can be suitably used even outdoors.
- polarized sunglasses typically, an (elliptical) circular polarization function is added, an ultra-high phase difference is applied. Granting.
- the backside polarizing plate 30 typically includes an absorptive polarizer 31, a protective layer 32 disposed on one side of the absorptive polarizer 31, and an absorptive polarizer. And a protective layer 33 disposed on the other side of 31.
- one of the protective layers may be omitted.
- the specific configurations of the absorption polarizer and the protective layer are as described in the above sections C-1 and C-2 with respect to the viewing side polarizing plate (note that the liquid crystal cell side protective layer 32 of the back side polarizing plate). Does not require surface treatment).
- the reflective polarizer 40 has a function of transmitting polarized light in a specific polarization state (polarization direction) and reflecting light in other polarization states.
- the reflective polarizer 40 may be a linearly polarized light separation type or a circularly polarized light separation type.
- a linearly polarized light separation type reflective polarizer will be described.
- Examples of the circularly polarized light separation type reflective polarizer include a laminate of a film in which cholesteric liquid crystal is fixed and a ⁇ / 4 plate.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of an example of a reflective polarizer.
- the reflective polarizer is a multilayer laminate in which layers A having birefringence and layers B having substantially no birefringence are alternately laminated.
- the total number of layers in such a multilayer stack can be 50-1000.
- the refractive index nx in the x-axis direction of the A layer is larger than the refractive index ny in the y-axis direction, and the refractive index nx in the x-axis direction and the refractive index ny in the y-axis direction of the B layer are substantially the same. is there.
- the difference in refractive index between the A layer and the B layer is large in the x-axis direction and is substantially zero in the y-axis direction.
- the x-axis direction becomes the reflection axis
- the y-axis direction becomes the transmission axis.
- the refractive index difference in the x-axis direction between the A layer and the B layer is preferably 0.2 to 0.3.
- the x-axis direction corresponds to the extending direction of the reflective polarizer in the reflective polarizer manufacturing method.
- the A layer is preferably made of a material that develops birefringence by stretching.
- Representative examples of such materials include naphthalene dicarboxylic acid polyesters (for example, polyethylene naphthalate), polycarbonates, and acrylic resins (for example, polymethyl methacrylate). Polyethylene naphthalate is preferred.
- the B layer is preferably made of a material that does not substantially exhibit birefringence even when stretched.
- a typical example of such a material is a copolyester of naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and terephthalic acid.
- the reflective polarizer transmits light having a first polarization direction (for example, p-wave) at the interface between the A layer and the B layer, and has a second polarization direction orthogonal to the first polarization direction. Reflects light (eg, s-wave). The reflected light is partially transmitted as light having the first polarization direction and partially reflected as light having the second polarization direction at the interface between the A layer and the B layer.
- the light utilization efficiency can be increased by repeating such reflection and transmission many times inside the reflective polarizer.
- the reflective polarizer may include a reflective layer R as the outermost layer on the side opposite to the back side polarizing plate 30, as shown in FIG.
- a reflective layer R as the outermost layer on the side opposite to the back side polarizing plate 30, as shown in FIG.
- the overall thickness of the reflective polarizer can be appropriately set according to the purpose, the total number of layers included in the reflective polarizer, and the like.
- the total thickness of the reflective polarizer is preferably 10 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m.
- the reflective polarizer 40 is disposed so as to transmit light having a polarization direction parallel to the transmission axis of the back-side polarizing plate 30. That is, the reflective polarizer 40 is arranged so that the transmission axis thereof is substantially parallel to the transmission axis direction of the back-side polarizing plate 30.
- the reflective polarizer can typically be produced by a combination of coextrusion and transverse stretching. Coextrusion can be performed in any suitable manner. For example, a feed block method or a multi-manifold method may be used. For example, the material constituting the A layer and the material constituting the B layer are extruded in a feed block, and then multilayered using a multiplier. Such a multi-layer apparatus is known to those skilled in the art. Next, the obtained long multilayer laminate is typically stretched in a direction (TD) orthogonal to the transport direction. The material constituting the A layer (for example, polyethylene naphthalate) increases the refractive index only in the stretching direction due to the transverse stretching, and as a result, develops birefringence.
- TD direction orthogonal to the transport direction.
- the material constituting the A layer for example, polyethylene naphthalate
- the refractive index of the material constituting the B layer does not increase in any direction even by the transverse stretching.
- a reflective polarizer having a reflection axis in the stretching direction (TD) and a transmission axis in the transport direction (MD) can be obtained (TD corresponds to the x-axis direction in FIG. 2 and MD is the y-axis). Corresponding to the direction).
- stretching operation can be performed using arbitrary appropriate apparatuses.
- the reflective polarizer for example, the one described in JP-T-9-507308 can be used.
- a commercially available product may be used as it is, or a commercially available product may be used after secondary processing (for example, stretching).
- a commercial item 3M company brand name DBEF and 3M company brand name APF are mentioned, for example.
- the reflective polarizer 40 is bonded to the back-side polarizing plate 30 via any appropriate adhesive layer (for example, an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer: not shown).
- the first prism sheet 50 typically includes the base material portion 51 and the prism portion 52.
- the first prism sheet 50 has the maximum intensity in the substantially normal direction of the liquid crystal display device by total reflection or the like inside the prism unit 52 while maintaining the polarization state of the polarized light emitted from the backlight unit.
- the polarized light is guided to the polarizing plate.
- the base material portion 51 may be omitted depending on the purpose and the configuration of the prism sheet. For example, when the layer adjacent to the base material part side of the first prism sheet can function as a support member, the base material part 51 can be omitted.
- the “substantially normal direction” includes a direction within a predetermined angle from the normal direction, for example, a direction within a range of ⁇ 10 ° from the normal direction.
- the first prism sheet 50 (substantially, the prism unit 52) includes a plurality of columnar unit prisms 53 that are convex on the side opposite to the first main surface.
- the unit prism 53 has a columnar shape, and its longitudinal direction (ridge line direction) is substantially orthogonal to or substantially parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate.
- the expressions “substantially orthogonal” and “substantially orthogonal” include the case where the angle between the two directions is 90 ° ⁇ 10 °, preferably 90 ° ⁇ 7 °, The angle is preferably 90 ° ⁇ 5 °.
- the expressions “substantially parallel” and “substantially parallel” include the case where the angle between two directions is 0 ° ⁇ 10 °, preferably 0 ° ⁇ 7 °, more preferably 0 ° ⁇ 5 °.
- the term “orthogonal” or “parallel” may include a substantially orthogonal state or a substantially parallel state.
- the first prism sheet 10 may be arranged (so-called oblique arrangement) so that the ridge line direction of the unit prism 53 and the transmission axis of the polarizing plate form a predetermined angle. By adopting such a configuration, the occurrence of moire may be prevented even better.
- the range of the oblique arrangement is preferably 20 ° or less, and more preferably 15 ° or less.
- the unit prisms 53 may have a triangular cross section in a cross section parallel to the arrangement direction and parallel to the thickness direction, and other shapes (for example, one or both of the inclined surfaces of the triangles have different inclination angles. It may be a shape having a plurality of flat surfaces.
- the triangular shape may be a shape that is asymmetric with respect to a straight line that passes through the vertex of the unit prism and is orthogonal to the sheet surface (for example, an unequal triangular shape), or a shape that is symmetric with respect to the straight line (for example, two An equilateral triangle).
- the apex of the unit prism may be a chamfered curved surface, or may be cut to have a flat tip at a tip, and may have a trapezoidal cross section.
- the detailed shape of the unit prism 53 can be appropriately set according to the purpose.
- the configuration described in JP-A-11-84111 can be adopted as the unit prism 53.
- the height of the unit prism 53 may be the same for all unit prisms or may have different heights.
- the unit prism has two heights. With such a configuration, only the unit prism having a higher height can be spot-bonded, so that point bonding can be achieved to a desired degree by adjusting the position and number of the unit prisms having a higher height. Can do.
- unit prisms with high heights and unit prisms with low heights may be alternately arranged, and unit prisms with high (or low) heights may be arranged every third, fourth, fifth, etc. It may be arranged irregularly according to the purpose, or may be arranged at random.
- the unit prism has three or more heights. With such a configuration, it is possible to adjust the degree of embedding of the unit prism to be bonded to the adhesive, and as a result, it is possible to realize point bonding with a more precise degree.
- the base part 51 and the prism part 52 may be integrally formed by extruding a single material, You may shape a prism part on the film for base parts.
- the thickness of the base material portion is preferably 25 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m. With such a thickness, handleability and strength can be excellent.
- any appropriate material can be adopted as the material constituting the base portion 51 depending on the purpose and the configuration of the prism sheet.
- the base film include (meth) acrylic resins such as cellulose triacetate (TAC) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). And a film formed of polycarbonate (PC) resin.
- the film is preferably an unstretched film.
- the same material as the material for forming the prism when the prism is formed on the base film is used as the material.
- the prism portion forming material include epoxy acrylate-based and urethane acrylate-based reactive resins (for example, ionizing radiation curable resins).
- a polyester resin such as PC or PET, an acrylic resin such as PMMA or MS, or a light-transmitting thermoplastic resin such as cyclic polyolefin can be used.
- the base material portion 51 preferably has substantially optical isotropy.
- substantially optically isotropic means that the retardation value is small enough not to substantially affect the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display device.
- the in-plane retardation Re of the base material portion is preferably 20 nm or less, and more preferably 10 nm or less.
- the in-plane retardation Re is an in-plane retardation value measured with light having a wavelength of 590 nm at 23 ° C.
- nx is the refractive index in the direction in which the refractive index is maximum in the plane of the optical member (that is, the slow axis direction), and ny is the direction perpendicular to the slow axis in the plane (that is, the fast phase). (Axial direction), and d is the thickness (nm) of the optical member.
- the photoelastic coefficient of the base member 51 is preferably ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 m 2 / N to 10 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 m 2 / N, and more preferably ⁇ 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 m 2 / N. It is ⁇ 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 m 2 / N, more preferably ⁇ 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 m 2 / N to 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 m 2 / N.
- the second prism sheet 60 typically includes the base portion 61 and the prism portion 62.
- the configuration, function, and the like of the second prism sheet are as described in the above section F for the first prism sheet.
- the wavelength conversion layer 70 typically includes a matrix and a wavelength conversion material dispersed in the matrix.
- Matrix Any appropriate material can be used as a material constituting the matrix (hereinafter also referred to as matrix material). Examples of such materials include resins, organic oxides, and inorganic oxides.
- the matrix material preferably has low oxygen permeability and moisture permeability, high light stability and chemical stability, a predetermined refractive index, excellent transparency, and / or And has excellent dispersibility with respect to the wavelength conversion material.
- the matrix can practically be composed of a resin film or an adhesive.
- the resin may be a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, or an active energy ray curable resin.
- the active energy ray curable resin include an electron beam curable resin, an ultraviolet curable resin, and a visible light curable resin.
- the resin include epoxy, (meth) acrylate (for example, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate), norbornene, polyethylene, poly (vinyl butyral), poly (vinyl acetate), polyurea, polyurethane, aminosilicone (AMS), Polyphenylmethylsiloxane, polyphenylalkylsiloxane, polydiphenylsiloxane, polydialkylsiloxane, silsesquioxane, silicone fluoride, vinyl and hydride substituted silicones, styrenic polymers (eg, polystyrene, aminopolystyrene (APS), poly ( (Acrylonitrile ethylene styrene) (AES)), polymers cross-linked with bifunctional monomers (eg divinylbenzene), polyester-based polymers (eg polyethylene terf) Rate), cellulosic polymers (e.g., triacetyl cellulose), vinyl
- thermosetting resin or an ultraviolet curable resin is preferable, and a thermosetting resin is more preferable. This is because the present invention can be preferably applied when the optical member of the present invention is manufactured by roll-to-roll.
- the matrix is an adhesive
- any appropriate adhesive can be used as the adhesive.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive preferably has transparency and optical isotropy.
- Specific examples of the pressure-sensitive adhesive include rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives, silicone-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, epoxy-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, and cellulose-based pressure-sensitive adhesives.
- it is a rubber adhesive or an acrylic adhesive.
- the wavelength conversion material can control the wavelength conversion characteristics of the wavelength conversion layer.
- the wavelength conversion material may be, for example, a quantum dot or a phosphor.
- the content of the wavelength conversion material in the wavelength conversion layer (the total content when two or more types are used) is preferably 100 parts by weight of the matrix material (typically resin or adhesive solid content).
- the amount is 0.01 to 50 parts by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 30 parts by weight.
- Quantum dots The emission center wavelength of quantum dots can be adjusted by the material and / or composition, particle size, shape, etc. of the quantum dots.
- the quantum dots can be composed of any suitable material.
- the quantum dots are preferably composed of an inorganic material, more preferably an inorganic conductor material or an inorganic semiconductor material.
- Semiconductor materials include, for example, II-VI, III-V, IV-VI, and IV semiconductors.
- Specific examples include Si, Ge, Sn, Se, Te, B, C (including diamond), P, BN, BP, BAs, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, CdS, CdSe, CdSeZn, CdTe, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, BeS, BeSe, BeTe, MgS, MgSe, GeS, GeSe, Sn, Te, SnS PbO, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, CuF, CuCl, CuBr, CuI, Si 3 N 4 , Ge 3 N 4 , Al 2 O 3 , (Al, Ga, In) 2 (S, Se, Te) 3 , Al 2 CO is mentioned.
- the quantum dot may contain a p-type dopant or an n-type dopant. Further, the quantum dot may have a core-shell structure. In the core-shell structure, any appropriate functional layer (single layer or multiple layers) may be formed around the shell according to the purpose, and surface treatment and / or chemical modification may be performed on the shell surface. Good.
- any appropriate shape can be adopted depending on the purpose. Specific examples include a true sphere shape, a flake shape, a plate shape, an elliptic sphere shape, and an indefinite shape.
- the size of the quantum dot is preferably 1 nm to 10 nm, more preferably 2 nm to 8 nm. If the size of the quantum dot is in such a range, each of green and red emits sharp light and high color rendering can be realized. For example, green light can be emitted with a quantum dot size of about 7 nm, and red light can be emitted with about 3 nm.
- the size of a quantum dot is a dimension along the minimum axis
- quantum dots Details of the quantum dots are described in, for example, JP2012-169271A, JP2015-102857A, JP2015-65158A, JP2013-544018A, and JP2010-533976A. The descriptions of these publications are incorporated herein by reference. A commercial item may be used for the quantum dot.
- Phosphor As the phosphor, any appropriate phosphor that can emit light of a desired color according to the purpose can be used. Specific examples include a red phosphor and a green phosphor.
- the red phosphor for example, activated composite fluoride phosphor is mentioned Mn 4+.
- the composite fluoride phosphor contains at least one coordination center (for example, M described later), is surrounded by fluoride ions that act as a ligand, and, if necessary, counter ions (for example, A described later) ) Refers to a coordination compound whose charge is compensated.
- A is Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, NH 4 or a combination thereof.
- M is Al, Ga, In, or a combination thereof.
- M ′ is Ge, Si, Sn, Ti, Zr, or a combination thereof.
- E is Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, or a combination thereof.
- a composite fluoride phosphor having a coordination number of 6 at the coordination center is preferred. Details of such a red phosphor are described, for example, in JP-A-2015-84327. The description of the publication is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- the green phosphor examples include a compound containing a sialon solid solution having a ⁇ -type Si 3 N 4 crystal structure as a main component.
- a treatment is performed so that the amount of oxygen contained in such a sialon crystal is a specific amount (for example, 0.8 mass%) or less.
- a green phosphor that emits sharp light with a narrow peak width can be obtained. Details of such a green phosphor are described in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2013-28814. The description of the publication is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- the wavelength conversion layer may be a single layer or may have a laminated structure.
- each layer can typically include wavelength conversion materials having different emission characteristics.
- the thickness of the wavelength conversion layer (when it has a laminated structure, the total thickness) is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 100 ⁇ m to 400 ⁇ m. When the thickness of the wavelength conversion layer is in such a range, conversion efficiency and durability can be excellent. When the wavelength conversion layer has a laminated structure, the thickness of each layer is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m.
- the water vapor transmission rate (moisture permeability) in terms of 50 ⁇ m thickness of the wavelength conversion layer is preferably 100 g / m 2 ⁇ day or less, and more preferably 80 g / m 2 ⁇ day or less.
- the water vapor transmission rate can be measured by a measuring method based on JIS K7129 in an atmosphere of 40 ° C. and 90% RH.
- the wavelength conversion layer preferably has a barrier function against oxygen and / or water vapor.
- “having a barrier function” means that the amount of oxygen and / or water vapor that penetrates the wavelength conversion layer is controlled to substantially block the wavelength conversion material from them.
- the wavelength conversion layer can exhibit a barrier function by imparting a three-dimensional structure such as a core-shell type or a tetrapod type to the wavelength conversion material itself.
- the wavelength conversion layer can express a barrier function by selecting a matrix material appropriately.
- the wavelength conversion layer may further contain any appropriate additive depending on the purpose.
- the additive include a light diffusing material, a material that imparts anisotropy to light, and a material that polarizes light.
- Specific examples of the light diffusing material include fine particles composed of an acrylic resin, a silicone resin, a styrene resin, or a copolymer resin thereof.
- Specific examples of the material that imparts anisotropy to light and / or the material that polarizes light include elliptical spherical fine particles, core-shell fine particles, and laminated fine particles having different birefringence between the major axis and the minor axis.
- the type, number, blending amount, and the like of the additive can be appropriately set according to the purpose.
- the wavelength conversion layer can be formed, for example, by applying a liquid composition containing a matrix material, a wavelength conversion material, and, if necessary, an additive.
- the matrix material is a resin
- the wavelength conversion layer is applied to any appropriate support with a liquid composition containing the matrix material, the wavelength conversion material, and, if necessary, an additive, a solvent, and a polymerization initiator. And then dried and / or cured.
- the solvent and the polymerization initiator can be appropriately set depending on the type of the matrix material (resin) to be used.
- Any appropriate application method can be used as the application method. Specific examples include curtain coating, dip coating, spin coating, print coating, spray coating, slot coating, roll coating, slide coating, blade coating, gravure coating, and wire bar method.
- Curing conditions can be appropriately set according to the type of matrix material (resin) used, the composition of the composition, and the like.
- a wavelength conversion material to a matrix material, you may add in the state of particle
- the wavelength conversion layer may be formed on the barrier layer.
- the wavelength conversion layer formed on the support can be transferred to other components of the optical member (for example, a barrier layer, a low refractive index layer, a prism sheet).
- the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is preferably as close to the refractive index of air as possible (1.00). Specifically, the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is preferably 1.30 or less, more preferably 1.20 or less, and still more preferably 1.15 or less. The lower limit of the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is, for example, 1.01. When the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is in such a range, a liquid crystal display device having high luminance can be realized while realizing a remarkable thinning by eliminating the air layer.
- the low refractive index layer typically has voids inside.
- the porosity of the low refractive index layer can take any appropriate value.
- the porosity is, for example, 5% to 99%, preferably 25% to 95%. When the porosity is within the above range, the refractive index of the low refractive index layer can be sufficiently lowered, and high mechanical strength can be obtained.
- the low refractive index layer having voids in the inside may have a structure having at least one of a particle shape, a fiber shape, and a flat plate shape, for example.
- the structure (constituent unit) forming the particle form may be a real particle or a hollow particle, and specifically includes silicone particles, silicone particles having fine pores, silica hollow nanoparticles, silica hollow nanoballoons, and the like.
- the fibrous structural unit is, for example, a nanofiber having a diameter of nanometer, and specifically includes cellulose nanofiber and alumina nanofiber.
- Examples of the flat structural unit include nanoclay, and specifically, nano-sized bentonite (for example, Kunipia F [trade name]) and the like.
- the single or one type or plural types of structural units forming the void structure are chemically bonded, for example, directly or indirectly through catalytic action. Including parts.
- the structural units are “indirectly bonded” means that the structural units are bonded to each other through a small amount of a binder component equal to or less than the structural unit amount.
- the structural units are “directly bonded” means that the structural units are directly bonded without using a binder component or the like.
- any appropriate material can be adopted as the material constituting the low refractive index layer.
- materials described in International Publication No. 2004/113966 Pamphlet, JP2013-254183A, and JP2012-189802A can be employed.
- silica-based compounds for example, silica-based compounds; hydrolyzable silanes, and partial hydrolysates and dehydrated condensates thereof; organic polymers; silanol-containing silicon compounds; silicates in contact with acids and ion exchange resins Active silica obtained by the polymerization; polymerizable monomers (for example, (meth) acrylic monomers, and styrene monomers); curable resins (for example, (meth) acrylic resins, fluorine-containing resins, and urethane resins); and These combinations are mentioned.
- polymerizable monomers for example, (meth) acrylic monomers, and styrene monomers
- curable resins for example, (meth) acrylic resins, fluorine-containing resins
- organic polymer examples include polyolefins (for example, polyethylene and polypropylene), polyurethanes, fluorine-containing polymers (for example, fluorine-containing copolymers having a fluorine-containing monomer unit and a structural unit for imparting crosslinking reactivity as constituent components).
- Polymer examples include polyolefins (for example, polyethylene and polypropylene), polyurethanes, fluorine-containing polymers (for example, fluorine-containing copolymers having a fluorine-containing monomer unit and a structural unit for imparting crosslinking reactivity as constituent components).
- Polymer polyesters (for example, poly (meth) acrylic acid derivatives (in this specification, (meth) acrylic acid means acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, and “(meth)” means all of these meanings) )), Polyethers, polyamides, polyimides, polyureas, and polycarbonates.
- the material preferably contains a silica-based compound; hydrolyzable silanes, and partial hydrolysates and dehydrated condensates thereof.
- silica-based compound examples include SiO 2 (anhydrous silicic acid); SiO 2 , Na 2 O—B 2 O 3 (borosilicate), Al 2 O 3 (alumina), B 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2, SnO 2, Ce 2 O 3, P 2 O 5, Sb 2 O 3, MoO 3, ZnO 2, WO 3, TiO 2 -Al 2 O 3, TiO 2 -ZrO 2, In 2 O 3 -SnO 2 and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of Sb 2 O 3 —SnO 2 (the above “ ⁇ ” indicates a composite oxide).
- hydrolyzable silanes examples include hydrolyzable silanes containing an alkyl group which may have a substituent (for example, fluorine).
- the hydrolyzable silanes, and the partial hydrolysates and dehydration condensates thereof are preferably alkoxysilanes and silsesquioxanes.
- the alkoxysilane may be a monomer or an oligomer.
- the alkoxysilane monomer preferably has 3 or more alkoxyl groups.
- alkoxysilane monomers include methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetrabutoxysilane, tetrapropoxysilane, diethoxydimethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, and dimethyldimethoxysilane.
- An ethoxysilane is mentioned.
- alkoxysilane oligomer As the alkoxysilane oligomer, a polycondensate obtained by hydrolysis and polycondensation of the above monomers is preferable. By using alkoxysilane as the material, a low refractive index layer having excellent uniformity can be obtained.
- Silsesquioxane is a general term for network-like polysiloxanes represented by the general formula RSiO 1.5 (where R represents an organic functional group).
- R include an alkyl group (which may be linear or branched and having 1 to 6 carbon atoms), a phenyl group, and an alkoxy group (for example, a methoxy group and an ethoxy group).
- Examples of the structure of silsesquioxane include a ladder type and a saddle type. By using silsesquioxane as the material, a low refractive index layer having excellent uniformity, weather resistance, transparency and hardness can be obtained.
- the particles are typically made of a silica-based compound.
- the shape of the silica particles can be confirmed, for example, by observing with a transmission electron microscope.
- the average particle diameter of the particles is, for example, 5 nm to 200 nm, preferably 10 nm to 200 nm.
- a low refractive index layer having a sufficiently low refractive index can be obtained, and the transparency of the low refractive index layer can be maintained.
- JP 2010-189212 A As a method for obtaining a low refractive index layer, for example, JP 2010-189212 A, JP 2008-040171 A, JP 2006-011175 A, International Publication No. 2004/113966 Pamphlet, and references thereof.
- silica-based compounds a method of hydrolyzing and polycondensing at least one of a partially hydrolyzed product and a dehydrated condensate thereof, porous particles and / or hollow fine particles are used.
- the low refractive index layer is not limited to this manufacturing method, and may be manufactured by any manufacturing method.
- the haze of the low refractive index layer is, for example, 0.1% to 30%, preferably 0.2 to 10%.
- the mechanical strength of the low refractive index layer is preferably 60% to 100%, for example, scratch resistance by Bencot (registered trademark).
- the anchoring force between the low refractive index layer and the wavelength conversion layer is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.01 N / 25 mm or more, preferably 0. .1 N / 25 mm or more, more preferably 1 N / 25 mm or more.
- undercoat treatment, heat treatment, humidification treatment, UV treatment, before and after the coating film formation and any suitable adhesive layer, or before and after bonding with other members, Corona treatment, plasma treatment or the like may be performed.
- the thickness of the low refractive index layer is preferably 100 nm to 5000 nm, more preferably 200 nm to 4000 nm, still more preferably 300 nm to 3000 nm, and particularly preferably 500 nm to 2000 nm.
- the thickness of the low refractive index layer is in such a range, it is possible to realize a low refractive index layer that exhibits an optically sufficient function with respect to light in the visible light region and has excellent durability.
- the light diffusing layer may be composed of a light diffusing element or a light diffusing adhesive.
- the light diffusing element includes a matrix and light diffusing fine particles dispersed in the matrix.
- the light diffusion adhesive has a matrix composed of an adhesive.
- the light diffusion performance of the light diffusion layer can be expressed by, for example, a haze value and / or a light diffusion half-value angle.
- the haze value of the light diffusion layer is preferably 50% to 95%, more preferably 60% to 95%, and still more preferably 70% to 95%. By setting the haze value in the above range, desired diffusion performance can be obtained, and generation of moire can be suppressed satisfactorily.
- the light diffusion half-value angle of the light diffusion layer is preferably 5 ° to 50 °, more preferably 10 ° to 30 °.
- the light diffusing performance of the light diffusing layer is controlled by adjusting the constituent material of the matrix (adhesive in the case of a light diffusing adhesive), the constituent material of the light diffusing fine particles, the volume average particle diameter, and the blending amount. be able to.
- the total light transmittance of the light diffusion layer is preferably 75% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and further preferably 85% or more.
- the thickness of the light diffusion layer can be appropriately adjusted according to the configuration and diffusion performance.
- the thickness is preferably 5 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
- the thickness is preferably 5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the light diffusion layer may be composed of a light diffusion element or a light diffusion adhesive.
- the light diffusing layer is composed of a light diffusing element
- the light diffusing layer includes a matrix and light diffusing fine particles dispersed in the matrix.
- the matrix is made of, for example, an ionizing radiation curable resin.
- the ionizing rays include ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared rays, and electron beams.
- it is ultraviolet rays
- the matrix is preferably composed of an ultraviolet curable resin.
- the ultraviolet curable resin include acrylic resins, aliphatic (for example, polyolefin) resins, and urethane resins.
- the light diffusing fine particles are as described below with respect to the form in which the light diffusing layer is composed of a light diffusing adhesive.
- the light diffusion layer is composed of a light diffusion adhesive. Adopting such a configuration eliminates the need for an adhesive layer (adhesive layer or pressure-sensitive adhesive layer) required when the light diffusing layer is composed of a light diffusing element. This contributes to a reduction in the thickness of the liquid crystal display device and can eliminate the adverse effect of the adhesive layer on the display characteristics of the liquid crystal display device.
- the light diffusion layer includes an adhesive and light diffusing fine particles dispersed in the adhesive.
- Any appropriate adhesive can be used as the adhesive. Specific examples include rubber adhesives, acrylic adhesives, silicone adhesives, epoxy adhesives, cellulose adhesives, and the like, and acrylic adhesives are preferred. By using an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive, a light diffusion layer excellent in heat resistance and transparency can be obtained.
- An adhesive may be used independently and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- the glass transition temperature of the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive is preferably ⁇ 60 ° C. to ⁇ 10 ° C., more preferably ⁇ 55 ° C. to ⁇ 15 ° C.
- the weight average molecular weight of the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive is preferably 200,000 to 2,000,000, more preferably 250,000 to 1,800,000. Appropriate tackiness can be obtained by using an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive having such characteristics.
- the refractive index of the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive is preferably 1.40 to 1.65, more preferably 1.45 to 1.60.
- the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive is usually obtained by polymerizing a main monomer that gives tackiness, a comonomer that gives cohesiveness, and a functional group-containing monomer that becomes a crosslinking point while giving tackiness.
- the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive having the above properties can be synthesized by any appropriate method.
- the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive can be synthesized with reference to “Chemistry and Application of Adhesion / Tackiness” written by Dai Nippon Book Co., Ltd.
- the content of the pressure-sensitive adhesive in the light diffusion layer is preferably 50% by weight to 99.7% by weight, and more preferably 52% by weight to 97% by weight.
- the light diffusing fine particles any appropriate one can be used. Specific examples include inorganic fine particles and polymer fine particles.
- the light diffusing fine particles are preferably polymer fine particles.
- the material of the polymer fine particles include silicone resin, methacrylic resin (for example, polymethyl methacrylate), polystyrene resin, polyurethane resin, and melamine resin. Since these resins have excellent dispersibility with respect to the pressure-sensitive adhesive and an appropriate refractive index difference from the pressure-sensitive adhesive, a light diffusion layer having excellent diffusion performance can be obtained. Preferred are silicone resin and polymethyl methacrylate.
- the shape of the light diffusing fine particles may be, for example, a true sphere, a flat shape, or an indefinite shape.
- the light diffusing fine particles may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the volume average particle diameter of the light diffusing fine particles is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 1.5 ⁇ m to 6 ⁇ m. By setting the volume average particle diameter in the above range, a light diffusion layer having excellent light diffusion performance can be obtained.
- the volume average particle diameter can be measured using, for example, an ultracentrifugal automatic particle size distribution measuring apparatus.
- the refractive index of the light diffusing fine particles is preferably 1.30 to 1.70, more preferably 1.40 to 1.65.
- the absolute value of the refractive index difference between the light diffusing fine particles and the matrix is preferably more than 0 and 0.2 or less, more preferably more than 0. Of 0.15 or less, more preferably 0.01 to 0.13.
- the content of the light diffusing fine particles in the light diffusion layer is preferably 0.3% by weight to 50% by weight, more preferably 3% by weight to 48% by weight.
- the barrier layer preferably has a barrier function against oxygen and / or water vapor.
- the oxygen permeability of the barrier layer is preferably 500 cc / m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm or less, more preferably 100 cc / m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm or less, and further preferably 50 cc / m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm or less. is there.
- the oxygen transmission rate can be measured by a measurement method based on JIS K7126 in an atmosphere of 25 ° C. and 100% RH.
- the water vapor permeability (moisture permeability) of the barrier layer is preferably 500 g / m 2 ⁇ day or less, more preferably 100 g / m 2 ⁇ day or less, and even more preferably 50 g / m 2 ⁇ day or less. .
- the barrier layer is typically a laminated film in which, for example, a metal vapor deposition film, a metal or silicon oxide film, an oxynitride film or nitride film, or a metal foil is laminated on a resin film.
- the resin film may be omitted.
- the resin film may have a barrier function, transparency and / or optical isotropy.
- Specific examples of such resins include cyclic olefin resins, polycarbonate resins, cellulose resins, polyester resins, and acrylic resins.
- a cyclic olefin-based resin for example, norbornene-based resin
- a polyester-based resin for example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
- an acrylic resin for example, a cyclic structure such as a lactone ring or a glutarimide ring in the main chain
- Acrylic resins can have an excellent balance of barrier function, transparency and optical isotropy.
- Examples of the metal of the metal vapor deposition film include In, Sn, Pb, Cu, Ag, and Ti.
- Examples of the metal oxide include ITO, IZO, AZO, SiO 2 , MgO, SiO, SixOy, Al 2 O 3 , GeO, and TiO 2 .
- Examples of the metal foil include aluminum foil, copper foil, and stainless steel foil.
- an active barrier film may be used as the barrier layer.
- An active barrier film is a film that reacts with oxygen and actively absorbs oxygen. Active barrier films are commercially available. Specific examples of commercial products include Toyobo's "Oxyguard”, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical's “Ageless Omak”, Kyodo's “Oxycatch”, and Kuraray's "Eval AP”.
- the thickness of the barrier layer is, for example, 50 nm to 50 ⁇ m.
- Refractive Index and Film Thickness Measurement Method Refractive index and film thickness were determined by performing reflection measurement using an ellipsometer (product name “Woolum M2000”, manufactured by JA Woollam Co., Ltd.).
- Color shift evaluation method A white image is displayed on a liquid crystal display device, and using a conoscope (manufactured by AUTRONIC MELCHERS Co., Ltd.), a hue with an azimuth angle of 0 ° to 360 ° in a polar angle of 0 ° to 60 ° direction, The x and y values were measured.
- Example 1 (Wavelength conversion material, prism sheet) A commercially available tablet PC (manufactured by AMAZON, trade name “Kindle Fire HDX 8.9”) was disassembled, and a wavelength conversion material (wavelength conversion layer) and a prism sheet included in the backlight side were used.
- a wavelength conversion material wavelength conversion layer
- Reflective polarizer A 40-inch TV (product name: AQUIOS, product number: LC40-Z5) manufactured by SHARP was disassembled, and a reflective polarizer was taken out from the backlight member. The diffusion layer provided on both surfaces of the reflective polarizer was removed to obtain a reflective polarizer of the present embodiment.
- the stretched film was further stretched up to 6 times based on the original length in the transport direction while being immersed in an aqueous solution having a boric acid concentration of 4% by weight and a potassium iodide concentration of 5% by weight, and dried at 70 ° C. for 2 minutes. By doing so, a polarizer was obtained.
- an alumina colloid-containing adhesive was applied to one side of a triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film (manufactured by Konica Minolta, product name “KC4UW”, thickness: 40 ⁇ m), and this was applied to one side of the polarizer obtained above. They were laminated by roll-to-roll so that the conveying directions of both were parallel.
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- the alumina colloid-containing adhesive is methylol melamine with respect to 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol resin having an acetoacetyl group (average polymerization degree 1200, saponification degree 98.5 mol%, acetoacetylation degree 5 mol%). 50 parts by weight is dissolved in pure water to prepare an aqueous solution having a solid content of 3.7% by weight. Alumina colloid (average particle size 15 nm) having a positive charge is added to 100 parts by weight of this aqueous solution with a solid content of 10%. It was prepared by adding 18 parts by weight of an aqueous solution containing by weight.
- the TAC film coated with the alumina colloid-containing adhesive was laminated on the opposite surface of the polarizer with a roll-to-roll so that the transport directions thereof were parallel, and then 6 ° C. at 55 ° C. Let dry for minutes.
- the polarizing plate which has a structure of TAC film / polarizer / TAC film was obtained.
- a liquid crystal cell was taken out from an IPS mode liquid crystal display (manufactured by AMAZON, trade name “Kindle fire HDX 9.8”).
- the polarizing plate obtained above was bonded to the viewing side of the liquid crystal cell via an acrylic adhesive.
- the polarizing plate obtained above and a reflective polarizer were bonded together via an acrylic adhesive.
- an acrylic photo-curing adhesive is applied to the surface of the reflective polarizer opposite to the polarizing plate, and the convex portions of the prism sheet are adhered to each other, so that the polarizing plate / reflective polarizer / prism sheet is configured.
- the obtained optical member was obtained.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer in which the convex portions were point-bonded was 3 ⁇ m.
- the optical member obtained above, the prism sheet obtained above, and the wavelength conversion material obtained above are incorporated separately in this order on the side where the polarizing plate on the viewing side of the liquid crystal cell is not bonded, A backlight unit was incorporated to obtain a liquid crystal display device. The hue of the obtained liquid crystal display device was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 Using two prism sheets, the convex portion of the second prism sheet was spot-bonded to the flat surface of the first prism sheet in the same manner as in Example 1, and the polarizing plate / reflective polarizer / first prism sheet / An optical member having the configuration of the second prism sheet was obtained.
- a liquid crystal display device was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this optical member and the wavelength conversion material were separately assembled in this order. The obtained liquid crystal display device was subjected to the same evaluation as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3> (Preparation of low refractive index layer) A low refractive index layer was formed on the surface of a triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film (manufactured by Konica Minolta, product name “KC4UYW”, thickness: 40 ⁇ m) as follows. 0.5 g of 0.01 mol / L oxalic acid aqueous solution was added to a mixed solution in which 0.95 g of methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), which is a silicon compound precursor, was dissolved in 2.2 g of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). MTMS was hydrolyzed by stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes to produce tris (hydroxy) methylsilane.
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- the same decantation treatment was repeated three times to complete the solvent replacement.
- the gelatinous silicon compound in the said liquid mixture was grind
- a homogenizer (trade name “UH-50”, manufactured by SMT Co., Ltd.) was used, and 1.18 g of gel and 1.14 g of IPA were weighed into a 5 cm 3 screw bottle, and then for 2 minutes under conditions of 50 W and 20 kHz. Was crushed.
- the pulverization treatment the gel-like silicon compound in the mixed solution was pulverized. As a result, the mixed solution became a sol solution of a pulverized product.
- the volume average particle size showing the particle size variation of the pulverized product contained in the mixed solution was confirmed, it was 0.5 ⁇ m to 0.7 ⁇ m. Further, a 0.3 wt% KOH aqueous solution was prepared, and 0.02 g of KOH was added to 0.5 g of the sol solution to prepare a coating solution. A layer obtained by coating the TAC film surface with the coating solution and drying at 80 ° C. for 1 minute was defined as a low refractive index layer. When the film thickness and refractive index of this layer were evaluated, the film thickness was 1000 nm and the refractive index was 1.07.
- the TAC coated with the low refractive index layer obtained above and the wavelength conversion material (wavelength conversion layer) obtained in Example 1 were bonded together via an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive, and further the TAC surface,
- the obtained prism sheet laminate is bonded to each other through an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive, and has an optical structure having a first prism sheet / second prism sheet / low refractive index layer / wavelength conversion material (wavelength conversion layer).
- a member was obtained.
- Example 1 (Production of liquid crystal display device) A liquid crystal cell was taken out from an IPS mode liquid crystal display (manufactured by AMAZON, trade name “Kindle fire HDX 9.8”). The polarizing plate obtained in Example 1 was bonded to the viewing side of the liquid crystal cell via an acrylic adhesive. On the other hand, the polarizing plate obtained in Example 1 and the reflective polarizer were bonded together via an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive. The laminate of the polarizing plate / reflective polarizer obtained above and the optical member obtained above are assembled separately in this order on the side of the liquid crystal cell where the viewing-side polarizing plate is not bonded, and the back A light unit was incorporated to obtain a liquid crystal display device. The hue of the obtained liquid crystal display device was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 A liquid crystal cell was taken out from an IPS mode liquid crystal display (manufactured by AMAZON, trade name “Kindle fire HDX 9.8”).
- the polarizing plate obtained in Example 1 was bonded to the viewing side of the liquid crystal cell via an acrylic adhesive.
- an optical member A having a configuration of polarizing plate / reflective polarizer / prism sheet (corresponding to the first prism sheet) was obtained.
- the configuration of the prism sheet (corresponding to the second prism sheet) / low refractive index layer / wavelength conversion material (wavelength conversion layer) is the same as in Example 3 except that only one prism sheet is used.
- the obtained optical member B was obtained.
- the optical member A and the optical member B obtained above are separately installed in this order on the side of the liquid crystal cell where the viewing side polarizing plate is not bonded, and a backlight unit is further incorporated to obtain a liquid crystal display device. .
- the hue of the obtained liquid crystal display device was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 Except that the laminate of the polarizing plate / reflective polarizer obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, the two prism sheets, and the wavelength conversion material are separately installed in this order on the opposite side of the liquid crystal cell to the viewing side. Obtained a liquid crystal display device in the same manner as in Example 1. The obtained liquid crystal display device was subjected to the same evaluation as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes portable information terminals (PDAs), mobile phones, watches, digital cameras, portable game devices such as portable game machines, OA devices such as personal computer monitors, notebook computers, copy machines, video cameras, liquid crystal televisions, Household electrical equipment such as microwave ovens, back monitors, car navigation system monitors, in-car equipment such as car audio, display equipment such as commercial store information monitors, security equipment such as monitoring monitors, nursing care monitors, medical care It can be used for various applications such as nursing care and medical equipment such as a monitor for medical use.
- PDAs portable information terminals
- portable game devices such as portable game machines
- OA devices such as personal computer monitors, notebook computers, copy machines, video cameras, liquid crystal televisions, Household electrical equipment such as microwave ovens, back monitors, car navigation system monitors, in-car equipment such as car audio, display equipment such as commercial store information monitors, security equipment such as monitoring monitors, nursing care monitors, medical care It can be used for various applications such as nursing care and medical equipment such as a
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Abstract
Description
1つの実施形態においては、上記液晶表示装置は、上記第1のプリズムシートの第2主面の凹部と上記反射型偏光子との間に空隙部が規定され、および/または、上記第2のプリズムシートの第2主面の凹部と該第1のプリズムシートの第1主面との間に空隙部が規定されている。
1つの実施形態においては、上記液晶表示装置は、上記第2のプリズムシートと上記波長変換層との間に低屈折率層をさらに備える。
1つの実施形態においては、上記低屈折率層の屈折率は1.30以下である。
1つの実施形態においては、上記液晶表示装置は、上記背面側偏光板と上記反射型偏光子との間に光拡散層をさらに備える。
1つの実施形態においては、上記波長変換層が光拡散材料を含む。
1つの実施形態においては、上記液晶表示装置はIPSモードである。
まず、液晶表示装置の全体構成について、図面を参照して代表的な実施形態を説明する。見やすくするために、図面における各層および構成要素の厚みの比率は実際とは異なっている。
図1に示すように、液晶セル10は、一対の基板11、12と、当該基板間に挟持された表示媒体としての液晶層13とを有する。一般的な構成においては、一方の基板11に、カラーフィルターおよびブラックマトリクスが設けられており、他方の基板12に、液晶の電気光学特性を制御するスイッチング素子と、このスイッチング素子にゲート信号を与える走査線およびソース信号を与える信号線と、画素電極とが設けられている。基板11、12の間隔(セルギャップ)は、スペーサーによって制御されている。基板11、12の液晶層13と接する側には、例えば、ポリイミドからなる配向膜等を設けることができる。
図1に示すように、視認側偏光板20は、代表的には、吸収型偏光子21と、吸収型偏光子21の片側に配置された保護層22と、吸収型偏光子21のもう一方の側に配置された保護層23とを有する。目的および液晶表示装置の構成等に応じて、保護層の一方は省略されてもよい。
吸収型偏光子21としては、任意の適切な偏光子が採用され得る。例えば、偏光子を形成する樹脂フィルムは、単層の樹脂フィルムであってもよく、二層以上の積層体であってもよい。
保護層は、偏光板の保護フィルムとして使用できる任意の適切なフィルムで形成される。当該フィルムの主成分となる材料の具体例としては、トリアセチルセルロース(TAC)等のセルロース系樹脂や、ポリエステル系、ポリビニルアルコール系、ポリカーボネート系、ポリアミド系、ポリイミド系、ポリエーテルスルホン系、ポリスルホン系、ポリスチレン系、ポリノルボルネン系、ポリオレフィン系、(メタ)アクリル系、アセテート系等の透明樹脂等が挙げられる。また、(メタ)アクリル系、ウレタン系、(メタ)アクリルウレタン系、エポキシ系、シリコーン系等の熱硬化型樹脂または紫外線硬化型樹脂等も挙げられる。この他にも、例えば、シロキサン系ポリマー等のガラス質系ポリマーも挙げられる。また、特開2001-343529号公報(WO01/37007)に記載のポリマーフィルムも使用できる。このフィルムの材料としては、例えば、側鎖に置換または非置換のイミド基を有する熱可塑性樹脂と、側鎖に置換または非置換のフェニル基ならびにニトリル基を有する熱可塑性樹脂を含有する樹脂組成物が使用でき、例えば、イソブテンとN-メチルマレイミドからなる交互共重合体と、アクリロニトリル・スチレン共重合体とを有する樹脂組成物が挙げられる。当該ポリマーフィルムは、例えば、上記樹脂組成物の押出成形物であり得る。それぞれの保護層は同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。
図1に示すように、背面側偏光板30は、代表的には、吸収型偏光子31と、吸収型偏光子31の片側に配置された保護層32と、吸収型偏光子31のもう一方の側に配置された保護層33とを有する。目的および液晶表示装置の構成等に応じて、保護層の一方は省略されてもよい。吸収型偏光子および保護層の具体的な構成については、視認側偏光板に関して上記C-1項およびC-2項で説明したとおりである(なお、背面側偏光板の液晶セル側保護層32には表面処理は必要とされない)。
反射型偏光子40は、特定の偏光状態(偏光方向)の偏光を透過し、それ以外の偏光状態の光を反射する機能を有する。反射型偏光子40は、直線偏光分離型であってもよく、円偏光分離型であってもよい。以下、一例として、直線偏光分離型の反射型偏光子について説明する。なお、円偏光分離型の反射型偏光子としては、例えば、コレステリック液晶を固定化したフィルムとλ/4板との積層体が挙げられる。
上記のとおり、第1のプリズムシート50は、代表的には、基材部51とプリズム部52とを有する。第1のプリズムシート50は、バックライトユニットから出射された偏光光を、その偏光状態を保ったまま、プリズム部52内部での全反射等によって、液晶表示装置の略法線方向に最大強度を有する偏光光として偏光板に導く。基材部51は、目的およびプリズムシートの構成に応じて省略されてもよい。例えば、第1のプリズムシートの基材部側に隣接する層が支持部材として機能し得る場合には、基材部51は省略され得る。なお、「略法線方向」とは、法線方向から所定の角度内の方向、例えば、法線方向から±10°の範囲内の方向を包含する。
1つの実施形態においては、第1のプリズムシート50(実質的には、プリズム部52)は、上記のとおり、第1主面と反対側に凸となる柱状の単位プリズム53が複数配列されて構成されている。好ましくは、単位プリズム53は柱状であり、その長手方向(稜線方向)は、偏光板の透過軸と略直交方向または略平行方向に向いている。本明細書において、「実質的に直交」および「略直交」という表現は、2つの方向のなす角度が90°±10°である場合を包含し、好ましくは90°±7°であり、さらに好ましくは90°±5°である。「実質的に平行」および「略平行」という表現は、2つの方向のなす角度が0°±10°である場合を包含し、好ましくは0°±7°であり、さらに好ましくは0°±5°である。さらに、本明細書において単に「直交」または「平行」というときは、実質的に直交または実質的に平行な状態を含み得るものとする。なお、第1のプリズムシート10は、単位プリズム53の稜線方向と偏光板の透過軸とが所定の角度を形成するようにして配置(いわゆる斜め配置)してもよい。このような構成を採用することにより、モアレの発生をさらに良好に防止できる場合がある。斜め配置の範囲としては、好ましくは20°以下であり、より好ましくは15°以下である。
第1のプリズムシート50に基材部51を設ける場合には、単一の材料を押出し成型等することにより基材部51とプリズム部52とを一体的に形成してもよく、基材部用フィルム上にプリズム部を賦形してもよい。基材部の厚みは、好ましくは25μm~150μmである。このような厚みであれば、取扱い性および強度が優れ得る。
上記のとおり、第2のプリズムシート60は、代表的には、基材部61とプリズム部62とを有する。第2のプリズムシートの構成、機能等は、第1のプリズムシートに関して上記F項で説明したとおりである。
波長変換層70は、代表的には、マトリックスと該マトリックス中に分散された波長変換材料とを含む。
マトリックスを構成する材料(以下、マトリックス材料とも称する)としては、任意の適切な材料を用いることができる。このような材料としては、樹脂、有機酸化物、無機酸化物が挙げられる。マトリックス材料は、好ましくは、低い酸素透過性および透湿性を有し、高い光安定性および化学的安定性を有し、所定の屈折率を有し、優れた透明性を有し、および/または、波長変換材料に対して優れた分散性を有する。マトリックスは、実用的には、樹脂フィルムまたは粘着剤で構成され得る。
マトリックスが樹脂フィルムである場合、樹脂フィルムを構成する樹脂としては、任意の適切な樹脂を用いることができる。具体的には、樹脂は、熱可塑性樹脂であってもよく、熱硬化性樹脂であってもよく、活性エネルギー線硬化性樹脂であってもよい。活性エネルギー線硬化性樹脂としては、電子線硬化型樹脂、紫外線硬化型樹脂、可視光線硬化型樹脂が挙げられる。樹脂の具体例としては、エポキシ、(メタ)アクリレート(例えば、メチルメタクリレート、ブチルアクリレート)、ノルボルネン、ポリエチレン、ポリ(ビニルブチラール)、ポリ(ビニルアセテート)、ポリ尿素、ポリウレタン、アミノシリコーン(AMS)、ポリフェニルメチルシロキサン、ポリフェニルアルキルシロキサン、ポリジフェニルシロキサン、ポリジアルキルシロキサン、シルセスキオキサン、フッ化シリコーン、ビニルおよび水素化物置換シリコーン、スチレン系ポリマー(例えば、ポリスチレン、アミノポリスチレン(APS)、ポリ(アクリルニトリルエチレンスチレン)(AES))、二官能性モノマーと架橋したポリマー(例えば、ジビニルベンゼン)、ポリエステル系ポリマー(例えば、ポリエチレンテレフタレート)、セルロース系ポリマー(例えば、トリアセチルセルロース)、塩化ビニル系ポリマー、アミド系ポリマー、イミド系ポリマー、ビニルアルコール系ポリマー、エポキシ系ポリマー、シリコーン系ポリマー、アクリルウレタン系ポリマーが挙げられる。これらは、単独で用いてもよく、組み合わせて(例えば、ブレンド、共重合)用いてもよい。これらの樹脂は膜を形成後に延伸、加熱、加圧といった処理を施してもよい。好ましくは、熱硬化性樹脂または紫外線硬化型樹脂であり、より好ましくは熱硬化性樹脂である。本発明の光学部材をロールトゥロールにより製造する場合に、好適に適用することができるからである。
マトリックスが粘着剤である場合、粘着剤としては、任意の適切な粘着剤を用いることができる。粘着剤は、好ましくは、透明性および光学的等方性を有する。粘着剤の具体例としては、ゴム系粘着剤、アクリル系粘着剤、シリコーン系粘着剤、エポキシ系粘着剤、セルロース系粘着剤が挙げられる。好ましくは、ゴム系粘着剤またはアクリル系粘着剤である。
波長変換材料は、波長変換層の波長変換特性を制御し得る。波長変換材料は、例えば量子ドットであってもよく蛍光体であってもよい。
量子ドットの発光中心波長は、量子ドットの材料および/または組成、粒子サイズ、形状等により調整することができる。
蛍光体としては、目的に応じて所望の色の光を発光し得る任意の適切な蛍光体を用いることができる。具体例としては、赤色蛍光体、緑色蛍光体が挙げられる。
マトリックスが樹脂フィルムまたは粘着剤のいずれの場合であっても、波長変換層は、好ましくは、酸素および/または水蒸気に対してバリア機能を有する。本明細書において「バリア機能を有する」とは、波長変換層に侵入する酸素および/または水蒸気の透過量を制御して波長変換材料をこれらから実質的に遮断することを意味する。波長変換層は、波長変換材料自体に例えばコアシェル型、テトラポッド型のような立体的構造を付与することによりバリア機能を発現し得る。また、波長変換層は、マトリックス材料を適切に選択することによりバリア機能を発現し得る。
波長変換層は、目的に応じて任意の適切な添加材をさらに含んでいてもよい。添加材としては、例えば、光拡散材料、光に異方性を付与する材料、光を偏光化する材料が挙げられる。光拡散材料の具体例としては、アクリル系樹脂、シリコーン系樹脂、スチレン系樹脂、またはこれらの共重合系樹脂で構成される微粒子が挙げられる。光に異方性を付与する材料および/または光を偏光化する材料の具体例としては、長軸と短軸で複屈折が異なる楕円球状微粒子、コアシェル型微粒子、積層型微粒子が挙げられる。添加剤の種類、数、配合量等は、目的に応じて適切に設定され得る。
低屈折率層の屈折率は、可能な限り空気の屈折率(1.00)に近いことが好ましい。具体的には、低屈折率層の屈折率は、好ましくは1.30以下であり、より好ましくは1.20以下であり、さらに好ましくは1.15以下である。低屈折率層の屈折率の下限は、例えば1.01である。低屈折率層の屈折率がこのような範囲であれば、空気層を排除して顕著な薄型化を実現しつつ、高い輝度を有する液晶表示装置を実現することができる。
光拡散層は、光拡散素子で構成されてもよく、光拡散粘着剤で構成されてもよい。光拡散素子は、マトリクスと当該マトリクス中に分散した光拡散性微粒子とを含む。光拡散粘着剤は、マトリクスが粘着剤で構成される。
バリア層は、好ましくは、酸素および/または水蒸気に対してバリア機能を有する。バリア層を設けることにより、酸素および/または水蒸気による波長変換材料の劣化を防止し、結果として、波長変換層の機能の長寿命化を達成することができる。バリア層の酸素透過率は、好ましくは500cc/m2・day・atm以下であり、より好ましくは100cc/m2・day・atm以下であり、さらに好ましくは50cc/m2・day・atm以下である。酸素透過率は、25℃、100%RHの雰囲気下において、JIS K7126に準拠した測定法によって測定され得る。バリア層の水蒸気透過率(透湿度)は、好ましくは500g/m2・day以下であり、より好ましくは100g/m2・day以下であり、さらに好ましくは、50g/m2・day以下である。
エリプソメーター(製品名「ウーラムM2000」、J.A.Woollam株式会社製)を用いて反射測定を行うことにより、屈折率および膜厚を求めた。
(2)カラーシフトの評価方法
液晶表示装置に白画像を表示させ、コノスコープ(AUTRONIC MELCHERS株式会社製)を用いて、極角0°~60°方向における方位角0°~360°の色相、x値およびy値を測定した。
(波長変換材料、プリズムシート)
市販のタブレットPC(AMAZON社製、商品名「Kindle Fire HDX 8.9」)を分解し、バックライト側に含まれる波長変換材料(波長変換層)およびプリズムシートを用いた。
SHARP社製40型TV(製品名:AQUOS、品番:LC40-Z5)を分解し、バックライト部材から反射型偏光子を取り出した。この反射型偏光子の両面に設けられている拡散層を除去し、本実施の反射型偏光子とした。
ポリビニルアルコールを主成分とする高分子フィルム[クラレ製 商品名「9P75R(厚み:75μm、平均重合度:2,400、ケン化度99.9モル%)」]を水浴中に1分間浸漬させつつ搬送方向に1.2倍に延伸した後、ヨウ素濃度0.3重量%の水溶液中で1分間浸漬することで、染色しながら、搬送方向に、全く延伸していないフィルム(原長)を基準として3倍に延伸した。次いで、この延伸フィルムを、ホウ酸濃度4重量%、ヨウ化カリウム濃度5重量%の水溶液中に浸漬しながら、搬送方向に、原長基準で6倍までさらに延伸し、70℃で2分間乾燥することにより、偏光子を得た。
一方、トリアセチルセルロース(TAC)フィルム(コニカミノルタ社製、製品名「KC4UW」、厚み:40μm)の片面に、アルミナコロイド含有接着剤を塗布し、これを上記で得られた偏光子の片面に両者の搬送方向が平行となるようにロールトゥロールで積層した。なお、アルミナコロイド含有接着剤は、アセトアセチル基を有するポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(平均重合度1200、ケン化度98.5モル%、アセトアセチル化度5モル%)100重量部に対して、メチロールメラミン50重量部を純水に溶解し、固形分濃度3.7重量%の水溶液を調製し、この水溶液100重量部に対して、正電荷を有するアルミナコロイド(平均粒子径15nm)を固形分濃度10重量%で含有する水溶液18重量部を加えて調製した。続いて、偏光子の反対側の面にも同様に、上記アルミナコロイド含有接着剤を塗布したTACフィルムを、これらの搬送方向が平行となるようにロールトゥロールで積層し、その後55℃で6分間乾燥させた。このようにして、TACフィルム/偏光子/TACフィルムの構成を有する偏光板を得た。
IPSモードの液晶表示装置(AMAZON社製、商品名「Kindle fire HDX 9.8」)から液晶セルを取り出した。当該液晶セルの視認側に上記で得られた偏光板をアクリル系粘着剤を介して貼り合わせた。一方、上記で得られた偏光板と反射型偏光子とをアクリル系粘着剤を介して貼り合せた。さらに、反射型偏光子の偏光板とは反対側の面にアクリル系の光硬化型接着剤を塗布し、プリズムシートの凸部を接着させ、偏光板/反射型偏光子/プリズムシートの構成を有する光学部材を得た。ここで、凸部が点接着されている接着層の厚みは3μmであった。上記液晶セルの視認側偏光板が貼り合わされていない側に、上記で得られた光学部材と上記で得られたプリズムシートと上記で得られた波長変換材料とをこの順に別置きで組み込み、さらにバックライトユニットを組み込んで液晶表示装置を得た。得られた液晶表示装置の色相を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
プリズムシートを2枚用い、実施例1と同様にして第2のプリズムシートの凸部を第1のプリズムシートの平坦面に点接着させ、偏光板/反射型偏光子/第1のプリズムシート/第2のプリズムシートの構成を有する光学部材を得た。この光学部材と波長変換材料とをこの順に別置きで組み込んだこと以外は実施例1と同様にして液晶表示装置を得た。得られた液晶表示装置を実施例1と同様の評価に供した。結果を表1に示す。
(低屈折率層の作製)
トリアセチルセルロース(TAC)フィルム(コニカミノルタ社製、製品名「KC4UYW」、厚み:40μm)の表面に、下記のようにして低屈折率層を形成した。ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)2.2gにケイ素化合物の前駆体であるメチルトリメトキシシラン(MTMS)を0.95g溶解させた混合液に、0.01mol/Lのシュウ酸水溶液を0.5g添加し、室温で30分撹拌を行うことでMTMSを加水分解して、トリス(ヒドロキシ)メチルシランを生成した。その後、DMSO 5.5gに、28%濃度のアンモニア水0.38gおよび純水0.2gを添加した後、上記加水分解処理した混合液をさらに添加し、室温で15分撹拌することで、トリス(ヒドロキシ)メチルシランのゲル化を行い、ゲル状ケイ素化合物を得た。上記ゲル化処理を行った混合液を、そのまま40℃で20時間インキュベートして熟成処理を行った。次に、上記熟成処理したゲル状ケイ素化合物を、スパチュラを用いて数mm~数cmサイズの顆粒状に砕いた。そこに、イソプロピルアルコール(IPA)40gを添加し、軽く撹拌した後、室温で6時間静置して、ゲル中の溶媒および触媒をデカンテーションした。同様のデカンテーション処理を3回繰り返し、溶媒置換を完了した。そして、上記混合液中のゲル状ケイ素化合物を粉砕処理した。粉砕処理は、ホモジナイザー(商品名「UH-50」、エスエムテー社製)を使用し、5cm3のスクリュー瓶に、ゲル1.18g、IPA1.14gを秤量した後、50W、20kHzの条件で2分間の粉砕を行った。上記粉砕処理によって、上記混合液中のゲル状ケイ素化合物が粉砕され、その結果、上記混合液は粉砕物のゾル液となった。上記混合液に含まれる粉砕物の粒度バラツキを示す体積平均粒子径を確認したところ、0.5μm~0.7μmであった。さらに、0.3重量%のKOH水溶液を用意し、前記ゾル液0.5gに対して0.02gのKOHを添加して、塗工液を調製した。TACフィルム面に上記塗工液をコーティングし、80℃で1分間乾燥することにより得られる層を低屈折率層とした。この層の膜厚及び屈折率を評価したところ、膜厚1000nm、屈折率1.07であった。
実施例1で得られたプリズムシートを2枚用い、第1のプリズムシートの平滑面にアクリル系の光硬化型接着剤を塗布し、第2のプリズムシートの凸部を接着させるようにして第1のプリズムシート/第2のプリズムシートの積層体を作製した。このとき、凸部が点接着されている接着層の厚みは3μmであった。
(光学部材の作成)
上記で得られた低屈折率層を塗工したTACと実施例1で得られた波長変換材料(波長変換層)とをアクリル系粘着剤を介して貼り合せ、さらにそのTAC面と、上記で得られたプリズムシートの積層体とをアクリル系粘着剤を介して貼り合せ、第1のプリズムシート/第2のプリズムシート/低屈折率層/波長変換材料(波長変換層)の構成を有する光学部材を得た。
IPSモードの液晶表示装置(AMAZON社製、商品名「Kindle fire HDX 9.8」)から液晶セルを取り出した。当該液晶セルの視認側に実施例1で得られた偏光板をアクリル系粘着剤を介して貼り合わせた。一方、実施例1で得られた偏光板と反射型偏光子とをアクリル系粘着剤を介して貼り合せた。上記液晶セルの視認側偏光板が貼り合わされていない側に、上記で得られた偏光板/反射型偏光子の積層体と上記で得られた光学部材とをこの順に別置きで組み込み、さらにバックライトユニットを組み込んで液晶表示装置を得た。得られた液晶表示装置の色相を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
IPSモードの液晶表示装置(AMAZON社製、商品名「Kindle fire HDX 9.8」)から液晶セルを取り出した。当該液晶セルの視認側に実施例1で得られた偏光板をアクリル系粘着剤を介して貼り合わせた。一方、実施例1と同様にして、偏光板/反射型偏光子/プリズムシート(第1のプリズムシートに対応する)の構成を有する光学部材Aを得た。また、プリズムシートを1枚のみ用いたこと以外は実施例3と同様にして、プリズムシート(第2のプリズムシートに対応する)/低屈折率層/波長変換材料(波長変換層)の構成を有する光学部材Bを得た。上記液晶セルの視認側偏光板が貼り合わされていない側に、上記で得られた光学部材Aと光学部材Bとをこの順に別置きで組み込み、さらにバックライトユニットを組み込んで液晶表示装置を得た。得られた液晶表示装置の色相を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
液晶セルの視認側と反対側に実施例1と同様にして得られた偏光板/反射型偏光子の積層体と2枚のプリズムシートと波長変換材料とをこの順に別置きで組み込んだこと以外は実施例1と同様にして液晶表示装置を得た。得られた液晶表示装置を実施例1と同様の評価に供した。結果を表1に示す。
プリズムシートを1枚のみ用いたこと以外は実施例3と同様にして、プリズムシート/低屈折率層/波長変換層の構成を有する光学部材を作製した。液晶セルの視認側と反対側に実施例1と同様にして得られた偏光板/反射型偏光子の積層体と上記で得られた光学部材とをこの順に別置きで組み込んだこと以外は実施例1と同様にして液晶表示装置を得た。得られた液晶表示装置を実施例1と同様の評価に供した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1~4ならびに比較例1~2に関して、表1に対応する色度図を図3に比較して示す。図3から明らかなように、本発明の実施例の液晶表示装置はニュートラルに近い色相が実現されていることがわかる。一方、比較例1の液晶表示装置は白っぽくかつ黄色みがかっており、比較例2の液晶表示装置は青みがかっていることがわかる。
20 視認側偏光板
30 背面側偏光板
40 反射型偏光子
50 第1のプリズムシート
60 第2のプリズムシート
70 波長変換層
100 液晶表示装置
Claims (7)
- 液晶セルと、該液晶セルの視認側に配置された視認側偏光板と、該液晶セルの視認側と反対側に該液晶セル側から順に配置された背面側偏光板、反射型偏光子、第1のプリズムシート、第2のプリズムシートおよび波長変換層と、を備え、
該第1のプリズムシートおよび該第2のプリズムシートが、それぞれ、平坦な第1主面と該第1主面と反対側に凸となる柱状の単位プリズムが複数配列されている第2主面とを有し、
該第1のプリズムシートの第2主面の単位プリズムによる凸部が、該反射型偏光子の該背面側偏光板と反対側の主面に貼り合わせられ、および/または、該第2のプリズムシートの第2主面の単位プリズムによる凸部が、該第1のプリズムシートの第1主面に貼り合わせられている、
液晶表示装置。 - 前記第1のプリズムシートの第2主面の凹部と前記反射型偏光子との間に空隙部が規定され、および/または、前記第2のプリズムシートの第2主面の凹部と該第1のプリズムシートの第1主面との間に空隙部が規定されている、請求項1に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記第2のプリズムシートと前記波長変換層との間に低屈折率層をさらに備える、請求項1または2に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記低屈折率層の屈折率が1.30以下である、請求項3に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記背面側偏光板と前記反射型偏光子との間に光拡散層をさらに備える、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記波長変換層が光拡散材料を含む、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の液晶表示装置。
- IPSモードである、請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の液晶表示装置。
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| CN201680056273.5A CN108139624A (zh) | 2015-09-28 | 2016-09-27 | 液晶显示装置 |
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