WO2017056909A1 - 積層体、光学センサー、および、キット - Google Patents
積層体、光学センサー、および、キット Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017056909A1 WO2017056909A1 PCT/JP2016/076509 JP2016076509W WO2017056909A1 WO 2017056909 A1 WO2017056909 A1 WO 2017056909A1 JP 2016076509 W JP2016076509 W JP 2016076509W WO 2017056909 A1 WO2017056909 A1 WO 2017056909A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/26—Reflecting filters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
- C09K19/20—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers
- C09K19/2007—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers the chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups
- C09K19/2014—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers the chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups containing additionally a linking group other than -COO- or -OCO-, e.g. -CH2-CH2-, -CH=CH-, -C=C-; containing at least one additional carbon atom in the chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups, e.g. -(CH2)m-COO-(CH2)n-
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/32—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing condensed ring systems, i.e. fused, bridged or spiro ring systems
- C09K19/322—Compounds containing a naphthalene ring or a completely or partially hydrogenated naphthalene ring
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/36—Steroidal liquid crystal compounds
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/56—Aligning agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/58—Dopants or charge transfer agents
- C09K19/586—Optically active dopants; chiral dopants
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/58—Dopants or charge transfer agents
- C09K19/586—Optically active dopants; chiral dopants
- C09K19/588—Heterocyclic compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/208—Filters for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation, e.g. for separating visible light from infrared and/or ultraviolet radiation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/28—Interference filters
- G02B5/285—Interference filters comprising deposited thin solid films
- G02B5/287—Interference filters comprising deposited thin solid films comprising at least one layer of organic material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/805—Coatings
- H10F39/8053—Colour filters
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K2019/0444—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by a linking chain between rings or ring systems, a bridging chain between extensive mesogenic moieties or an end chain group
- C09K2019/0448—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by a linking chain between rings or ring systems, a bridging chain between extensive mesogenic moieties or an end chain group the end chain group being a polymerizable end group, e.g. -Sp-P or acrylate
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
- C09K19/14—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a carbon chain
- C09K19/18—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a carbon chain the chain containing carbon-to-carbon triple bonds, e.g. tolans
- C09K2019/188—Ph-C≡C-Ph-C≡C-Ph
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
- C09K19/20—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers
- C09K19/2007—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers the chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups
- C09K2019/2092—Ph-C≡C-Ph-COO-Ph
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/34—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring
- C09K19/3402—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having oxygen as hetero atom
- C09K19/3405—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having oxygen as hetero atom the heterocyclic ring being a five-membered ring
- C09K2019/3408—Five-membered ring with oxygen(s) in fused, bridged or spiro ring systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laminate, an optical sensor, and a kit.
- the band-pass filter can transmit light in a predetermined wavelength region, and is applied to various optical sensors.
- a bandpass filter for example, only the light reflected from the object among the light emitted from the light source included in the optical sensor is selectively transmitted and received by various elements. Can be made.
- band-pass filters for example, as described in Patent Document 1, a technique using selective reflection characteristics of a cholesteric liquid crystal phase has been proposed.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a laminate having a predetermined transmission band and a reduced haze value.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an optical sensor including the laminate and a kit used for producing the laminate.
- the present inventors have found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by controlling the average transmittance of the transmission band and the wavelength region in the vicinity thereof, and have completed the present invention. That is, the present inventors have found that the above problem can be solved by the following configuration.
- the laminated body in which the average transmittance in the wavelength region of 100 nm from the half-value wavelength A to the short wavelength side and the average transmittance in the wavelength region of 100 nm from the half-value wavelength B to the long wavelength side are each less than 20%.
- the half width of the second transmission band is 200 nm or more
- the average transmittance in the wavelength region from the half-value wavelength C on the short wavelength side to the half-value wavelength D on the long wavelength side of the second transmission band is 30% or more
- the average transmittance in the wavelength region of 50 nm from the half-value wavelength C to the short wavelength side and the average transmittance in the wavelength region of 50 nm from the half-value wavelength D to the long wavelength side are each less than 30%.
- Laminated body (3) The laminate according to (2), wherein an average transmittance in a wavelength region from a half-value wavelength C to a half-value wavelength D is 70% or more.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a laminate having a predetermined transmission band and a reduced haze value. Moreover, according to this invention, the kit used in order to manufacture the optical sensor containing the said laminated body and the said laminated body can also be provided.
- a numerical range represented by using “to” means a range including numerical values described before and after “to” as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.
- infrared light as used in the present specification can vary depending on the sensitivity of the solid-state imaging device, but intends a range of at least about 650 to 1300 nm. Further, “visible light” intends a range of at least about 400 nm to less than 650 nm.
- substitution and non-substitution includes not only a substituent but also a substituent.
- the “alkyl group” includes not only an alkyl group having no substituent (unsubstituted alkyl group) but also an alkyl group having a substituent (substituted alkyl group).
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the laminate of the present invention.
- the laminate 10 includes a first reflective layer 12a to 12d in which a liquid crystal phase whose helical axis is rotated in the right direction is fixed, and a liquid crystal phase whose helical axis is rotated in the left direction.
- the second reflective layers 14a to 14d are fixed.
- the laminated body 10 when light is incident from the direction of the white arrow shown in FIG. 1, predetermined light is reflected by the first reflective layers 12a to 12d and the second reflective layers 14a to 14d, and has a predetermined wavelength. Only the light in the region passes through the laminate 10.
- the laminate 10 includes four layers of the first reflective layers 12a to 12d and four layers of the second reflective layers 14a to 14d. It suffices that at least one first reflective layer and at least one second reflective layer are included, and the number of the first reflective layer and the second reflective layer is not particularly limited.
- FIG. 2 is an example of the transmission spectrum of the laminate of the present invention.
- the laminate of the present invention can transmit light in a predetermined wavelength region.
- the laminated body of the present invention has a first transmission band 16 through which light of a predetermined wavelength is transmitted.
- the laminate of the present invention includes at least one or more first and second reflective layers that reflect light in a predetermined wavelength region. By combining various reflective layers (preferably, a plurality of first reflective layers and second reflective layers are combined), the transmission band is formed.
- the first transmission band is in the wavelength region of 300 to 3000 nm, and is within the wavelength region of 650 to 3000 nm in that the haze of the laminate is further reduced (hereinafter also referred to simply as “the effect of the present invention is more excellent”). And more preferably in the wavelength region of 650 to 1200 nm. Note that a reflective layer that selectively reflects on the long wavelength side is less likely to cause haze because the amount of chiral agent used is small.
- the half-value wavelength of the first transmission band means the wavelength at which the transmittance is 50% ((Tmax) ⁇ 0.5) with respect to the maximum transmittance (Tmax) in the first transmission band.
- the half-value wavelength on the short wavelength side is represented as half-value wavelength A
- the half-value wavelength on the long wavelength side is represented as half-value wavelength B.
- a transmission spectrum of the laminate is obtained using an ultraviolet-visible near-infrared spectrophotometer (U-4100, manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation), and the maximum transmittance of the first transmission band ( Tmax) is calculated at a position at a height of 50%.
- the transmittance is the transmittance of light incident from the front (normal) direction of the laminate.
- the half width of the first transmission band (corresponding to the half width W1 in FIG. 2) is 200 nm or less, and is preferably 100 nm or less, and more preferably 50 nm or less in terms of more excellent effects of the present invention.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, and is preferably 1 nm or more from the viewpoint of application to a predetermined use.
- the half width of the first transmission band is intended to be a so-called full width at half maximum, and is between the wavelengths when the maximum transmittance (Tmax) in the first transmission band is 50% ((Tmax) ⁇ 0.5). Corresponds to the difference between the half-value wavelength B and the half-value wavelength A.
- the average transmittance in the wavelength region from the half-value wavelength A on the short wavelength side to the half-value wavelength B on the long wavelength side of the first transmission band is 50% or more, and 55% or more is preferable in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent. 60% or more is more preferable.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited and is often 99% or less.
- the average transmittance was measured by measuring the transmittance at 300 to 3000 nm with an ultraviolet-visible near-infrared spectrophotometer (U-4100, manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation). The average value of the transmittance in the region is calculated.
- permeability in the wavelength range of 100 nm from the half wavelength A of a short wavelength side to a short wavelength side is less than 20%. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, when the wavelength from the half-value wavelength A to the short wavelength side of 100 nm is the wavelength P1, the average value of transmittance in the wavelength region from the wavelength P1 to the half-value wavelength A is less than 20%. It is. In FIG. 2, the width W2 from the wavelength P1 to the half-value wavelength A corresponds to 100 nm.
- the average transmittance is preferably 15% or less, more preferably 10% or less, from the viewpoint that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, and is often 0.1% or more.
- the average transmittance is measured by measuring the transmittance at 300 to 3000 nm with an ultraviolet-visible near-infrared spectrophotometer (U-4100, manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation) The average value of is calculated.
- permeability in a wavelength range of 100 nm from the half value wavelength B of a long wavelength side to a long wavelength side is less than 20%. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, when the wavelength from the half-value wavelength B to the 100 nm long wavelength side is the wavelength P2, the average transmittance in the wavelength region from the half-value wavelength B to the wavelength P2 is less than 20%. It is. In FIG. 2, the width W3 from the half-value wavelength B to the wavelength P2 corresponds to 100 nm.
- the average transmittance is preferably 15% or less, more preferably 10% or less, from the viewpoint that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, and is often 0.1% or more.
- the average transmittance is measured by measuring the transmittance at 300 to 3000 nm with an ultraviolet-visible near-infrared spectrophotometer (U-4100, manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation), and measuring the transmittance in the wavelength region from the half-value wavelength B to the wavelength P2. The average value of is calculated.
- the transmission spectrum of the laminate of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, and for example, the embodiment shown in FIG. In the case of the mode of FIG. 3, it is possible to simultaneously perform sensing using light in the first transmission band and sensing using light in the second transmission band described later.
- the second transmission band which will be described later, is in the visible range and the first transmission band is in the near-infrared region
- the role of the image sensor that uses light in the visible region and the optical sensor that uses near-infrared light It can be suitably used for a device that performs simultaneously. As shown in FIG.
- the laminate of the present invention has a first transmission band 16 through which light of a predetermined wavelength is transmitted and a band different from the first transmission band 16 through which light of a predetermined wavelength is transmitted.
- Two transmission bands 18 may be further provided. The description of the first transmission band is as described above, and the second transmission band will be described in detail below.
- the second transmission band is in the wavelength region of 300 to 3000 nm.
- one of the first transmission band and the second transmission band is a wavelength region of 650 to 3000 nm (more preferably, 650 to 1200 nm) in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent. It is preferable to be within.
- the other of the first transmission band and the second transmission band is preferably in the wavelength region of 300 nm or more and less than 750 nm (more preferably, 400 to 700 nm).
- a 2nd transmission band is located in the short wavelength side rather than a 1st transmission band at the point which the effect of this invention is more excellent.
- the first transmission band is in the wavelength region of 650 to 3000 nm (more preferably, 650 to 1200 nm), and the second transmission band is 300 nm or more and less than 750 nm (more preferably). , 400 to 700 nm).
- the half-value wavelength of the second transmission band means a wavelength when the transmittance is 50% ((Tmax) ⁇ 0.5) with respect to the maximum transmittance (Tmax) in the second transmission band.
- the half-value wavelength on the short wavelength side is represented as half-value wavelength C
- the half-value wavelength on the long wavelength side is represented as half-value wavelength D.
- a transmission spectrum of the laminate was obtained using an ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectrophotometer (U-4100 manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation), and the maximum transmittance of the second transmission band ( Tmax) is calculated at a position at a height of 50%.
- the transmittance is the transmittance of light incident from the front (normal) direction of the laminate.
- the half width of the second transmission band (corresponding to the half width W4 in FIG. 3) is 200 nm or more, and 240 nm or more is preferable and 280 nm or more is more preferable in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, and is preferably 400 nm or less from the viewpoint of application to a predetermined use.
- the half width of the second transmission band is intended to be a so-called full width at half maximum, and is between the wavelengths when the maximum transmittance (Tmax) in the second transmission band is 50% ((Tmax) ⁇ 0.5). Corresponds to the difference between the half-value wavelength D and the half-value wavelength C.
- the average transmittance in the wavelength region from the half-value wavelength C on the short wavelength side to the half-value wavelength D on the long wavelength side of the second transmission band is 30% or more, and 50% or more is preferable in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent. 70% or more is more preferable.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited and is often 99% or less.
- a transmittance from 300 to 3000 nm was measured with an ultraviolet-visible near-infrared spectrophotometer (U-4100 manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation), and a wavelength from half-value wavelength C to half-value wavelength D was measured. The average value of the transmittance in the region is calculated.
- permeability in the wavelength range of 50 nm from the half value wavelength C of a short wavelength side to a short wavelength side is less than 30%. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, when the wavelength on the short wavelength side of 50 nm from the half-value wavelength C is set to the wavelength P3, the average value of the transmittance in the wavelength region from the wavelength P3 to the half-value wavelength C is less than 30%. It is. In FIG. 3, the width W5 from the wavelength P3 to the half-value wavelength C corresponds to 50 nm.
- the average transmittance is preferably 20% or less, and more preferably 10% or less, in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, and is often 0.1% or more.
- the average transmittance is measured by measuring the transmittance at 300 to 3000 nm with an ultraviolet-visible near-infrared spectrophotometer (U-4100, manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation), and measuring the transmittance in the wavelength region from wavelength P3 to half-value wavelength C. The average value of is calculated.
- permeability in the wavelength range of 50 nm from the half value wavelength D of a long wavelength side to a long wavelength side is less than 30%. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, when the wavelength on the long wavelength side from the half-value wavelength D is 50 nm, the average value of the transmittance in the wavelength region from the half-value wavelength D to the wavelength P4 is less than 30%. It is. In FIG. 3, the width W6 from the half-value wavelength D to the wavelength P4 corresponds to 50 nm.
- the average transmittance is preferably 20% or less, and more preferably 10% or less, in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, and is often 0.1% or more.
- the average transmittance is measured by measuring the transmittance at 300 to 3000 nm with an ultraviolet-visible near-infrared spectrophotometer (U-4100, manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation), and measuring the transmittance in the wavelength region from the half-value wavelength D to the wavelength P4. The average value of is calculated.
- U-4100 ultraviolet-visible near-infrared spectrophotometer
- the wavelength region X having a transmittance exceeding 30% in the wavelength region of 400 to 1200 nm, and the wavelength region X has the first transmission band and the second transmission band described above. It is preferable that it exists only in at least one zone.
- the wavelength region where the transmittance exceeds 30% is only the wavelength region of at least one of the first transmission band and the second transmission band. preferable.
- the transmittance at a wavelength of 10 nm from the half wavelength A on the short wavelength side to the short wavelength side is T1
- the long wavelength A from the half wavelength A on the short wavelength side is long.
- the transmittance at a wavelength of 10 nm on the wavelength side is T2
- the value obtained by (T2 ⁇ T1) / 20 is 1 to 5
- a wavelength of 10 nm from the half-value wavelength B on the long wavelength side to the short wavelength side When the transmittance at T3 is T3 and the transmittance at a wavelength of 10 nm from the half wavelength B on the short wavelength side to the long wavelength side is T4, the value obtained by (T3 ⁇ T4) / 20 may be 1 to 5. preferable.
- the unit of T1 to T4 is%.
- FIGS. 4A is an enlarged view of the transmission spectrum in the vicinity of the half-value wavelength A of the first transmission band
- FIG. 4B is an enlarged view of the transmission spectrum in the vicinity of the half-value wavelength B of the first transmission band. is there.
- the values obtained by (T2-T1) / 20 and (T3-T4) / 20 represent the slopes of the transmission spectrum in the vicinity of the half-value wavelength A and the half-value wavelength B.
- the transmittance at the wavelength P5 is T1.
- the transmittance at the wavelength P6 is T2.
- the difference between T2 and T1 is obtained, and the obtained value (T2 ⁇ T1) is divided by “20” (nm), which is the difference between wavelength P6 and wavelength P5, to obtain wavelength P6 from wavelength P5.
- the unit of S1 corresponds to (% / nm).
- the obtained S1 value is preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 5, still more preferably 2 to 5, and particularly preferably 3 to 5.
- the transmittance at the wavelength P7 is T3. Further, when the position of 10 nm on the long wavelength side from the half-value wavelength B is the wavelength P8, the transmittance at the wavelength P8 is T4. Next, the difference between T3 and T4 is obtained, and the obtained value (T3 ⁇ T4) is divided by “20” (nm) which is the difference between the wavelength P8 and the wavelength P7 to obtain the wavelength P7 from the wavelength P8.
- the unit of S2 corresponds to (% / nm).
- the obtained value of S2 is preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 5, still more preferably 2 to 5, and particularly preferably 3 to 5.
- first reflective layer first selective reflective layer
- second reflective layer second selective reflective layer
- the first reflective layer and the second reflective layer are layers having shielding properties (reflectivity) with respect to light having a predetermined wavelength.
- the 1st reflective layer 12a, the 2nd reflective layer 14a, the 1st reflective layer 12b, the 2nd reflective layer 14b, the 1st reflective layer 12c, the 2nd reflective layer Eight layers of 14c, the 1st reflective layer 12d, and the 2nd reflective layer 14d are laminated
- the first reflection layers 12a to 12d are layers in which a liquid crystal phase whose rotation direction of the spiral axis is the right direction is fixed, and is a layer for selectively reflecting right circularly polarized light in a predetermined wavelength region.
- the second reflective layers 14a to 14d are layers in which a liquid crystal phase whose rotation direction of the spiral axis is the left direction is fixed, and is a layer for selectively reflecting left circularly polarized light in a predetermined wavelength region. Note that the rotation direction is determined to be right-handed rotation or left-handed rotation when the laminate 10 is observed from the white arrow side (upper side in the drawing) in FIG.
- the first reflection layers 12a to 12d and the second reflection layers 14a to 14d are each composed of a layer in which a liquid crystal phase having a helical axis (for example, a rod-like liquid crystal or a disk-like liquid crystal) is fixed.
- the liquid crystal phase having the respective helical axes of each reflective layer is composed of a plurality of overlapping layers, and in one thin layer, the liquid crystal compounds are arranged with their long axes parallel to the layers and aligned in the same direction, for example. ing.
- the one thin layer is accumulated so that the arrangement direction of the molecules is spiral.
- the helical axis is usually perpendicular to the surface of each reflective layer. Therefore, either one of the left / right circularly polarized components is selectively reflected corresponding to the helical pitch.
- the first reflective layer 12a and the second reflective layer 14a have substantially the same helical pitch, and the first reflective layer 12b and the second reflective layer 14b have substantially the same helical pitch, and the first reflective layer 12c and the second reflective layer
- the reflective layer 14c has substantially the same helical pitch, and the first reflective layer 12d and the second reflective layer 14d have substantially the same helical pitch. Therefore, each combination of the first reflection layers 12a to 12d and the second reflection layers 14a to 14d can reflect the left circular polarization component and the right circular polarization component, and as a result, reflects light in a predetermined wavelength region. can do.
- the first reflection layers 12a to 12b and the second reflection layers 14a to 14b play a role of reflecting light on the short wavelength side
- the first reflection layers 12c to 12d and the second reflection layers 14c to 14d have long wavelengths. It plays the role of reflecting the light on the side. That is, by using eight reflecting layers, a predetermined wavelength region is complementarily reflected, and a transmission band in which only light in a specific wavelength region is transmitted is formed. More specifically, FIG. 5 shows an example of a transmission spectrum of a laminate in which the first reflective layers 12a to 12d and the second reflective layers 14a to 14d are laminated in combination.
- the light in a predetermined wavelength range can be reflected by the combination of each reflective layer, and by laminating these eight layers, the wavelength in the region indicated by the arrow in FIG. 5 can be selectively transmitted,
- the above-described transmission band (first transmission band or second transmission band) can be formed.
- the selective reflection wavelengths of the first reflective layers are different from the viewpoint of reflecting light in each region in a complementary manner.
- that the selective reflection wavelengths of the two first reflective layers are different from each other is preferably such that the difference between the two selective reflection wavelengths exceeds at least 20 nm, more preferably 30 nm or more, and even more preferably 40 nm or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited and is preferably 200 nm or less.
- the selective reflection wavelengths of the respective second reflection layers are different as in the case where there are a plurality of the first reflection layers, and the preferred embodiments are as described above. .
- the “selective reflection wavelength of the reflective layer” means two half-value transmittances represented by the following formula: T1 / 2 (%), where the minimum value of the transmittance in the reflective layer is Tmin (%). The average value of the wavelength.
- T1 / 2 100 ⁇ (100 ⁇ Tmin) ⁇ 2
- the value of the selective reflection wavelength is the average of ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2. Represented by value.
- the first reflective layer and the second reflective layer each have a four-layer structure, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the total number of layers of the first reflective layer and the second reflective layer is not particularly limited. For example, 1 to 20 layers are preferable, and 1 to 10 layers are more preferable.
- the total number of first reflective layers and the total number of second reflective layers are independent of each other, and may be the same or different, and are preferably the same.
- the laminated body may have two or more sets each including one first reflective layer and one second reflective layer. At this time, it is preferable that the selective reflection wavelengths of the first reflective layer and the second reflective layer included in each group are equal to each other.
- the selective reflection wavelength of at least one first reflective layer and the selective reflection wavelength of at least one second reflective layer are equal to each other.
- left circularly polarized light having the same wavelength and Any of the right circularly polarized light can be reflected, which is preferable.
- “selective reflection wavelengths of the reflective layer“ is equal to each other ”does not mean that they are strictly equal, and an error in a range that does not affect optically is allowed.
- the selective reflection wavelengths of the two reflective layers are “equal to each other” means that the difference between the selective reflection wavelengths of the two reflective layers is 20 nm or less, and this difference is preferably 15 nm or less. More preferably, it is 10 nm or less.
- the transmission spectrum of the laminate shows one strong peak at this selective reflection wavelength, which is preferable from the viewpoint of reflection performance.
- the thickness of the first reflective layer and the second reflective layer is not particularly limited, and is preferably about 1 to 8 ⁇ m (more preferably about 2 to 7 ⁇ m). However, it is not limited to these ranges.
- Each reflective layer having a desired helical pitch can be formed by adjusting the type and concentration of materials (mainly liquid crystal material and chiral agent) used for forming each first reflective layer and second reflective layer. it can.
- Each reflective layer is preferably a layer in which a cholesteric liquid crystal phase is fixed (a layer in which a cholesteric liquid crystal compound is fixed). That is, the first reflective layer is preferably a layer formed by fixing a cholesteric liquid crystal phase in which the rotation direction of the spiral axis is the right direction, and the second reflection layer is a cholesteric whose rotation direction of the spiral axis is the left direction. A layer formed by fixing a liquid crystal phase is preferable.
- Each reflective layer is preferably fixed by polymerization (preferably photopolymerization) after applying a liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group (cholesteric liquid crystal compound) and aligning it in a cholesteric liquid crystal phase.
- each reflective layer it is preferable to use a curable (polymerizable) liquid crystal composition.
- a curable (polymerizable) liquid crystal composition an embodiment containing at least a rod-like liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group, a chiral agent, and a polymerization initiator is preferable. Two or more of each component may be included.
- a polymerizable liquid crystal compound and a non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound can be used in combination. Also, a combination of a low-molecular liquid crystal compound and a high-molecular liquid crystal compound is possible.
- At least one selected from various additives such as a horizontal alignment agent, a non-uniformity inhibitor, a repellency inhibitor, and a polymerizable monomer is used. You may contain.
- a polymerization inhibitor, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer, a coloring material, or metal oxide fine particles may be added to improve the optical performance. It can be added as long as it does not decrease.
- a phenol compound, a phosphite compound, or a thioether compound is preferable, and a phenol compound having a molecular weight of 500 or more and a phosphite compound having a molecular weight of 500 or more or A thioether compound is more preferable. You may use these in mixture of 2 or more types.
- the phenol compound any phenol compound known as a phenol-based antioxidant can be used.
- Preferable phenolic compounds include hindered phenolic compounds. In particular, it is preferable to have a substituent at a site (ortho position) adjacent to the phenolic hydroxyl group.
- the substituted group is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, such as a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- Propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, t-butyl group, pentyl group, isopentyl group, t-pentyl group, hexyl group, octyl group, isooctyl group, or 2-ethylhexyl group is more preferable.
- the stabilizer which has a phenol group and a phosphite group in the same molecule is also mentioned as a preferable material.
- Phosphorus antioxidants include tris [2-[[2,4,8,10-tetrakis (1,1-dimethylethyl) dibenzo [d, f] [1,3,2] dioxaphosphine- 6-yl] oxy] ethyl] amine, tris [2-[(4,6,9,11-tetra-tert-butyldibenzo [d, f] [1,3,2] dioxaphosphin-2- Yl) oxy] ethyl] amine and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ethyl bis (2,4-ditert-butyl-6-methylphenyl) phosphite.
- the content of the antioxidant (anti-coloring agent) in the reflective layer is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, more preferably 0.3% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less in terms of solid content. preferable. Two or more antioxidants may be mixed and used.
- the liquid crystal compound that can be used may be a so-called rod-shaped liquid crystal compound or a disk-shaped liquid crystal compound, and is not particularly limited. Among these, a rod-like liquid crystal compound is preferable. Examples of the rod-like liquid crystal compound that can be used in the present invention are rod-like nematic liquid crystal compounds.
- rod-like nematic liquid crystal compounds examples include azomethines, azoxys, cyanobiphenyls, cyanophenyl esters, benzoic acid esters, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid phenyl esters, cyanophenylcyclohexanes, cyano-substituted phenylpyrimidines, alkoxy-substituted phenylpyrimidines.
- Phenyldioxanes, tolanes and alkenylcyclohexylbenzonitriles are preferably used. Not only low-molecular liquid crystal compounds but also high-molecular liquid crystal compounds can be used.
- the liquid crystal compound may be polymerizable or non-polymerizable, and a liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group is preferably used.
- the first reflective layer and / or the second reflective layer is preferably a layer formed using a liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group. That is, the first reflective layer and / or the second reflective layer is preferably a layer formed by polymerizing a liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group.
- Examples of the polymerizable group include an unsaturated polymerizable group, an epoxy group, and an aziridinyl group, preferably an unsaturated polymerizable group, and more preferably an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable group (eg, acryloyloxy group, methacryloyloxy group).
- the number of polymerizable groups possessed by the liquid crystal compound is preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 3.
- Specific examples of the liquid crystal compound include compounds described in paragraphs 0031 to 0053 of JP2014-119605A, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- the liquid crystal compound includes a liquid crystal compound represented by the following general formula (X).
- Formula (X) Q 1 -L 1 -Cy 1 -L 2- (Cy 2 -L 3 ) n -Cy 3 -L 4 -Q 2
- Q 1 and Q 2 are each independently a polymerizable group
- L 1 and L 4 are each independently a divalent linking group
- L 2 and L 3 are each independently a single bond. or a divalent linking group
- Cy 1, Cy 2 and Cy 3 independently represents a divalent cyclic radical
- n is 0, 1, 2 or 3.
- the liquid crystal compound represented by the general formula (X) will be described.
- Q 1 and Q 2 are each independently a polymerizable group.
- the polymerization reaction of the polymerizable group is preferably addition polymerization (including ring-opening polymerization) or condensation polymerization.
- the polymerizable group is preferably a functional group capable of addition polymerization reaction or condensation polymerization reaction.
- L 1 and L 4 are each independently a divalent linking group.
- L 2 and L 3 are each independently a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- L 1 to L 4 each independently include —O—, —S—, —CO—, —NR—, —C ⁇ N—, a divalent chain group, a divalent cyclic group, and combinations thereof.
- a divalent linking group selected from the group is preferred.
- R is an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom.
- Cy 1 , Cy 2 and Cy 3 are each independently a divalent cyclic group.
- the ring contained in the cyclic group is preferably a 5-membered ring, a 6-membered ring, or a 7-membered ring, more preferably a 5-membered ring or a 6-membered ring, and even more preferably a 6-membered ring.
- the ring contained in the cyclic group may be a condensed ring. However, it is more preferably a monocycle than a condensed ring.
- the ring contained in the cyclic group may be any of an aromatic ring, an aliphatic ring, and a heterocyclic ring.
- Examples of the aromatic ring include a benzene ring and a naphthalene ring.
- Examples of the aliphatic ring include a cyclohexane ring.
- Examples of the heterocyclic ring include a pyridine ring and a pyrimidine ring.
- At least one compound represented by the following general formula (V) is preferably used in combination as the rod-like liquid crystal compound.
- M 1 and M 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, a cyano group, a halogen, —SCN, —CF 3 represents a nitro group or Q 1 , but at least one of M 1 and M 2 represents a group other than Q 1 .
- Q 1 , L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , Cy 1 , Cy 2 , Cy 3 and n are synonymous with the group represented by the general formula (X).
- P and q are 0 or 1.
- liquid crystal compound examples include the following compounds.
- ⁇ n at 30 ° C. of the liquid crystal compound is preferably 0.25 or more, more preferably 0.3 or more, and further preferably 0.35 or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, and is often 0.6 or less.
- a method for measuring the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ n a method using a wedge-shaped liquid crystal cell described in page 202 of a liquid crystal handbook (edited by the Liquid Crystal Handbook Editorial Committee, published by Maruzen Co., Ltd.) is generally used. In such a case, the evaluation can be performed by using a mixture with another liquid crystal compound and estimated from the extrapolated value.
- liquid crystal compound exhibiting a high ⁇ n examples include, for example, US Pat. No. 6,514,578, Japanese Patent No. 3,999,400, Japanese Patent No. 4117832, Japanese Patent No. 4517416, Japanese Patent No. 4836335, and Japanese Patent No. 5411770.
- liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group is a compound represented by the general formula (5).
- a 1 to A 4 each independently represents an aromatic carbocyclic ring or heterocyclic ring which may have a substituent.
- the aromatic carbocycle include a benzene ring and a naphthalene ring.
- the heterocyclic ring furan ring, thiophene ring, pyrrole ring, pyrroline ring, pyrrolidine ring, oxazole ring, isoxazole ring, thiazole ring, isothiazole ring, imidazole ring, imidazoline ring, imidazolidine ring, pyrazole ring, pyrazoline ring, Pyrazolidine ring, triazole ring, furazane ring, tetrazole ring, pyran ring, thiyne ring, pyridine ring, piperidine ring, oxazine ring, morpholine ring, thiazine ring, pyridazine
- a 1 to A 4 are preferably aromatic carbocycles, and more preferably benzene rings.
- the type of substituent that may be substituted on the aromatic carbocycle or heterocyclic ring is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an alkyl group, a halogen-substituted alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, and an acyloxy group.
- X 1 and X 2 are each independently a single bond, —COO—, —OCO—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH ⁇ CH—, —CH ⁇ CH —COO—, —OCO—CH ⁇ CH— or —C ⁇ C— is represented.
- a single bond, —COO—, or —C ⁇ C— is preferable.
- Sp 1 and Sp 2 each independently represents a single bond or a carbon chain having 1 to 25 carbon atoms.
- the carbon chain may be linear, branched, or cyclic.
- a so-called alkyl group is preferable. Of these, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- P 1 and P 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a polymerizable group, and at least one of P 1 and P 2 represents a polymerizable group.
- a polymeric group the polymeric group which the liquid crystal compound which has a polymeric group mentioned above has is illustrated.
- n 1 and n 2 each independently represents an integer of 0 to 2, and when n 1 or n 2 is 2, a plurality of A 1 , A 2 , X 1 and X 2 may be the same or different. Good.
- the liquid crystal composition exhibits a cholesteric liquid crystal phase, and for that purpose, it preferably contains a chiral agent.
- a cholesteric liquid crystal phase may be stably formed without adding a chiral agent.
- Chiral agents include various known chiral agents (for example, Liquid Crystal Device Handbook, Chapter 3-4-3, TN (Twisted Nematic), STN (Super-twisted nematic) chiral agent, page 199, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) 142 committee edition, described in 1989).
- a chiral agent generally contains an asymmetric carbon atom, but an axially asymmetric compound or a planar asymmetric compound that does not contain an asymmetric carbon atom can also be used as the chiral agent.
- the axial asymmetric compound or the planar asymmetric compound include binaphthyl, helicene, paracyclophane, and derivatives thereof.
- the chiral agent may have a polymerizable group.
- the chiral agent has a polymerizable group and the rod-shaped liquid crystal compound used in combination also has a polymerizable group, a repeating unit derived from the rod-shaped liquid crystal compound by a polymerization reaction between the polymerizable chiral agent and the polymerizable rod-shaped liquid crystal compound , Polymers having repeating units derived from chiral agents can be formed.
- the polymerizable group possessed by the polymerizable chiral agent is preferably the same group as the polymerizable group possessed by the polymerizable rod-like liquid crystal compound.
- the polymerizable group of the chiral agent is also preferably an unsaturated polymerizable group, an epoxy group or an aziridinyl group, more preferably an unsaturated polymerizable group, and an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable group.
- the chiral agent may be a liquid crystal compound.
- the content of the chiral agent in the liquid crystal composition is preferably 1 to 30 mol% with respect to the liquid crystal compound used in combination.
- a smaller amount of the chiral agent is preferred because it often does not affect liquid crystallinity. Therefore, the chiral agent is preferably a compound having a strong twisting force so that the twisted orientation of the desired helical pitch can be achieved even with a small amount. Examples of such a chiral agent exhibiting a strong twisting force include those described in JP-A-2003-287623, which can be preferably used in the present invention. Specific examples of the chiral agent include compounds described in paragraphs 0055 to 0080 of JP2014-119605A, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- the chiral agent mainly includes a right-turning chiral agent and a left-turning chiral agent.
- the right-turning chiral agent is used as the second reflective agent.
- LC756 manufactured by BASF
- the left-turning chiral agent is preferably represented by the general formula (2), and more preferably represented by the general formula (4).
- R 2 represents any of the following substituents, and the two R 2 may be the same or different from each other.
- Y 1 each independently represents a single bond, —O—, —C ( ⁇ O) O—, —OC ( ⁇ O) —, or —OC ( ⁇ O) O—, a single bond, —O — Or —OC ( ⁇ O) — is preferable, and —O— is more preferable.
- Sp 1 independently represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. More preferably.
- Z 1 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a (meth) acryl group, and more preferably a hydrogen atom.
- n represents an integer of 1 or more, preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 1 or 2, and still more preferably 1.
- the chiral agent represented by the general formula (2) is more preferably a chiral agent represented by the following general formula (4).
- R b represents a substituent shown below, and two R b may be the same or different from each other, and are preferably the same.
- * represents a bonding site with an oxygen atom in the general formula (4).
- Y 2 represents a single bond, —O— or —OC ( ⁇ O) —, preferably —O—.
- Sp 2 represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and 2 carbon atoms. More preferably, it is an alkylene group of ⁇ 4.
- Z 2 represents a hydrogen atom or a (meth) acryl group, and is preferably a hydrogen atom.
- optical isomer of the chiral agent represented by the general formula (2) or the general formula (4) may be used as a right-turning chiral agent.
- Examples of the chiral agent include the following compounds.
- the liquid crystal composition used for forming each reflective layer is preferably a polymerizable liquid crystal composition, and for that purpose, it preferably contains a polymerization initiator.
- the curing reaction is preferably advanced by irradiation with ultraviolet rays
- the polymerization initiator used is preferably a photopolymerization initiator capable of initiating the polymerization reaction by irradiation with ultraviolet rays.
- the photopolymerization initiator include ⁇ -carbonyl compounds (described in US Pat. No. 2,367,661 and US Pat. No. 2,367,670), acyloin ether (described in US Pat. No.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator used is preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 1 to 8% by mass, based on the liquid crystal composition (solid content in the case of a coating liquid).
- photoinitiator which may be contained in the infrared-light absorption composition mentioned later as the said polymerization initiator.
- the liquid crystal composition may contain an alignment control agent that contributes to stably or rapidly becoming a cholesteric liquid crystal phase.
- the orientation control agent include a fluorine-containing (meth) acrylate polymer. You may contain 2 or more types selected from these. These compounds can reduce the tilt angle of the molecules of the liquid crystal compound or substantially horizontally align them at the air interface of the layer.
- horizontal alignment means that the major axis of the liquid crystal molecule is parallel to the film surface, but it is not required to be strictly parallel. It means an orientation with an inclination angle of less than 20 degrees.
- alignment control agent examples include a fluorine-based alignment control agent, and a compound represented by the following general formula (I) is preferable.
- L 11 , L 12 , L 13 , L 14 , L 15 , and L 16 are each independently a single bond, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —COO. —, —OCO—, —COS—, —SCO—, —NRCO—, or —CONR— (in the general formula (I), R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms). . Note that -NRCO- and -CONR- have the effect of reducing solubility.
- —O—, —S—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —COS—, or —SCO— From the viewpoint of the stability of the compound, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, or —OCO— is more preferable.
- Sp 11 , Sp 12 , Sp 13 and Sp 14 each independently represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms. More preferably, it is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the hydrogen atom of the alkylene group may be substituted with a fluorine atom.
- the alkylene group may or may not be branched, and a linear alkylene group having no branch is preferred. From the viewpoint of synthesis, it is preferable that Sp 11 and Sp 14 are the same, and Sp 12 and Sp 13 are the same.
- a 11 and A 12 are divalent to pentavalent aromatic hydrocarbons.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group preferably has 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 14 carbon atoms, still more preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 6 carbon atoms.
- Hb 11 represents a perfluoroalkyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably a perfluoroalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and still more preferably a perfluoroalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the perfluoroalkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic, preferably linear or branched, and more preferably linear.
- n11 and n11 are each independently an integer of 0 to 5, and m11 + n11 ⁇ 1.
- a plurality of structures in parentheses may be the same or different, and are preferably the same.
- M11 and n11 in the general formula (I) are determined by the valences of A 11 and A 12 described above.
- X in T 11 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, a cyano group or an ester group
- Ya, Yb, Yc and Yd each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms).
- O and p contained in T 11 are each independently an integer of 0 or more, and when o and p are 2 or more, a plurality of X may be the same or different from each other.
- O contained in T 11 is preferably 1 or 2.
- P contained in T 11 is preferably an integer of 1 to 4, and more preferably 1 or 2.
- orientation control agent examples include the following compounds.
- a manufacturing method is (1) Applying a curable liquid crystal composition to the surface of a predetermined substrate or the like to form a cholesteric liquid crystal phase; (2) irradiating the curable liquid crystal composition with ultraviolet rays to advance a curing reaction, fixing a cholesteric liquid crystal phase, and forming a reflective layer; Is a production method comprising at least By repeating the steps (1) and (2) eight times on one surface of the substrate while changing the type of the liquid crystal composition, a laminate having the same configuration as that shown in FIG. 1 can be produced. it can.
- the direction of rotation of the cholesteric liquid crystal phase can be adjusted by the type of liquid crystal used or the type of chiral agent added, and the helical pitch (that is, the central reflection wavelength) can be arbitrarily adjusted by the concentration of these materials.
- the first reflective layer it is preferable to use a liquid crystal composition containing at least a liquid crystal compound and a right-turning chiral agent.
- the second reflective layer the liquid crystal compound and the left-handed rotation are used. It is preferable to use a liquid crystal composition containing at least a chiral chiral agent.
- a curable liquid crystal composition is applied to the surface of a predetermined substrate.
- the curable liquid crystal composition is preferably prepared as a coating solution in which a material is dissolved and / or dispersed in a solvent.
- the coating liquid can be applied by various methods such as a wire bar coating method, an extrusion coating method, a direct gravure coating method, a reverse gravure coating method, and a die coating method.
- the curable liquid crystal composition applied to the surface to become a coating film is brought into a cholesteric liquid crystal phase.
- the coating film may be dried and the solvent may be removed to obtain a cholesteric liquid crystal phase.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal phase can be stably formed by heating to the temperature of the isotropic phase and then cooling to the cholesteric liquid crystal phase transition temperature.
- the liquid crystal phase transition temperature of the curable liquid crystal composition is preferably in the range of 10 to 250 ° C., more preferably in the range of 10 to 150 ° C., from the viewpoint of production suitability and the like.
- the coating film in the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is irradiated with ultraviolet rays to advance the curing reaction.
- a light source such as an ultraviolet lamp is used.
- the curing reaction of the liquid crystal composition proceeds by irradiating with ultraviolet rays, the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is fixed, and a reflective layer is formed.
- ultraviolet irradiation may be performed under heating conditions.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is fixed and a reflective layer is formed.
- the state in which the liquid crystal phase is “fixed” is the most typical and preferred mode in which the orientation of the liquid crystal compound in the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is maintained.
- this layer has no fluidity and is oriented by an external field or external force. It means a state in which the fixed orientation form can be kept stable without causing a change in form.
- the alignment state of the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is preferably fixed by a curing reaction that proceeds by ultraviolet irradiation.
- the optical properties of the cholesteric liquid crystal phase are maintained in the layer, and the liquid crystal composition in the reflective layer does not need to exhibit liquid crystal properties.
- the liquid crystal composition may have a high molecular weight due to a curing reaction and may no longer have liquid crystallinity.
- the manufacturing order in particular with a 1st reflective layer and a 2nd reflective layer is not restrict
- a composition for forming a first reflective layer (a liquid crystal composition containing at least a liquid crystal compound and a right-turning chiral agent) and a second reflective layer are formed.
- a kit containing a composition for liquid crystal (a liquid crystal composition containing at least a liquid crystal compound and a left-turning chiral agent) can also be used.
- the laminate 10 may include layers other than the first reflective layers 12a to 12d and the second reflective layers 14a to 14d described above.
- the other layers include substrates such as glass substrates and resin substrates (preferably transparent substrates), adhesive layers, adhesion layers, undercoat layers, hard coat layers, antireflection layers, infrared light. Examples include an absorption layer and a visible light absorption layer.
- FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the laminate of the present invention.
- the laminate 100 includes a substrate 20, a base layer 22, first reflective layers 12a to 12d, and second reflective layers 14a to 14d.
- the laminated body 100 of the second embodiment has the same members as those of the laminated body 10 of the first embodiment described above except that the substrate 20 and the base layer 22 are provided, and the same members are denoted by the same reference numerals. The description thereof will be omitted, and in the following, embodiments of the substrate 20 and the base layer 22 will be mainly described in detail.
- substrate 20 is a base material for supporting the base layer 22 mentioned later and each reflection layer.
- substrate 20 is not restrict
- a transparent substrate such as a glass substrate or a resin substrate can be suitably used.
- the underlayer 22 is disposed adjacent to the reflective layer. By disposing the underlayer 22 adjacent to the reflective layer, the orientation of the liquid crystal compound contained in the reflective layer is further controlled, and the transmission characteristics of the laminate are more preferable.
- the underlayer 22 has a function of more precisely defining the alignment direction of the liquid crystal compound in the liquid crystal phase (particularly the cholesteric liquid crystal phase) in the first reflective layer and the second reflective layer.
- the material used for the underlayer 22 is preferably a polymer of an organic compound (organic polymer), and a polymer that can be crosslinked by itself or a polymer that is crosslinked by a crosslinking agent is often used. Of course, polymers having both functions are also used.
- polymers examples include polymethyl methacrylate, acrylic acid / methacrylic acid copolymer, styrene / maleimide copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol and modified polyvinyl alcohol, poly (N-methylol acrylamide) Styrene / vinyl toluene copolymer, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, nitrocellulose, polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated polyolefin, polyester, polyimide, vinyl acetate / vinyl chloride copolymer, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, carboxymethyl cellulose And polymers such as silica, gelatin, polyethylene, polypropylene and polycarbonate, and compounds such as silane coupling agents.
- the thickness of the underlayer 22 is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 ⁇ m.
- an alignment layer for example, an alignment layer containing polyvinyl alcohol
- a photo-alignment layer can also be used as the underlayer.
- the polymer preferably has a polymerizable group.
- it is preferable to have a cyclic hydrocarbon group.
- the cyclic hydrocarbon group may be a non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group.
- FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of the laminate of the present invention.
- the stacked body 200 includes an antireflection layer 24, first reflection layers 12a to 12d, and second reflection layers 14a to 14d.
- the laminated body 200 of the third embodiment has the same members as the laminated body 10 of the first embodiment described above except that it has the antireflection layer 24, and the same members are denoted by the same reference numerals. The description thereof will be omitted, and the aspect of the antireflection layer 24 will be mainly described in detail below.
- the antireflection layer 24 is disposed on the outermost layer side of the laminate, and reduces light reflected on the laminate surface. By disposing the antireflection layer, the amount of light transmitted through the laminate can be increased.
- the refractive index of the antireflection layer 24 is not particularly limited, and is preferably 1.45 or less, more preferably 1.35 or less, still more preferably 1.30 or less, and 1.25 or less in that the antireflection function is more excellent. Particularly preferred.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, and is usually often 1.00 or more, more often 1.20 or more.
- the said refractive index intends the refractive index in wavelength 633nm as follows.
- the refractive index of the antireflection layer 24 is measured by an ellipsometer (VUV-base [trade name] manufactured by JA Woollam) (wavelength 633 nm, measurement temperature 25 ° C.).
- the material constituting the antireflection layer 24 is not particularly limited, and may be an organic material or an inorganic material, and an inorganic material (for example, an inorganic resin (siloxane resin), inorganic particles, etc.) is preferable from the viewpoint of durability. Especially, it is preferable that the antireflection layer 24 contains inorganic particles.
- the siloxane resin can be obtained through a hydrolysis reaction and a condensation reaction using a known alkoxysilane raw material.
- a catalyst such as an acid or a base may be used as necessary.
- the catalyst is not particularly limited as long as the pH is changed, and examples of the acid (organic acid, inorganic acid) include nitric acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, hydrochloric acid, and the like. For example, ammonia, triethylamine, ethylenediamine, etc. are mentioned.
- a solvent may be added to the reaction system for the hydrolysis reaction and the condensation reaction.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as the hydrolysis reaction and the condensation reaction can be carried out.
- water, methanol, ethanol, alcohols such as propanol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and ethylene glycol monopropyl ether
- ethers such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, and ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and methyl isoamyl ketone.
- the conditions (temperature, time, amount of solvent) for the hydrolysis reaction and condensation reaction are appropriately selected according to the type of material used.
- the weight average molecular weight of the siloxane resin is preferably 1,000 to 50,000. Among these, 2,000 to 45,000 is more preferable, 2,500 to 25,000 is more preferable, and 3,000 to 25,000 is particularly preferable.
- the weight average molecular weight is not less than the above lower limit value, the coating property to the substrate is particularly good, and the surface shape and flatness after coating are preferably maintained.
- a weight average molecular weight is a value when it measures using well-known GPC (gel permeation chromatography), and converts into standard polystyrene.
- Examples of the material constituting the inorganic particles include silica (silicon oxide), lanthanum fluoride, calcium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, cerium fluoride, and the like. More specifically, preferred examples of the inorganic particles include silica particles, hollow silica particles, and porous silica particles.
- a hollow particle is a thing with the structure which has a cavity inside, and points out the particle
- the porous particle refers to a porous particle having a large number of cavities. As an inorganic particle, you may use individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the particle size of the inorganic particles is not particularly limited, and the average particle size is preferably 1 nm or more, and more preferably 10 nm or more from the viewpoint of handleability.
- the upper limit is preferably 200 nm or less, and more preferably 100 nm or less.
- the average particle diameter of the inorganic particles here can be determined from the photograph obtained by observing the inorganic particles with a transmission electron microscope. The projected area of the inorganic particles is obtained, and the equivalent circle diameter is obtained therefrom, and the average particle diameter is obtained. In the present specification, the average particle diameter is obtained by measuring the projected area of 300 or more inorganic particles, obtaining the equivalent circle diameter, and calculating the number average diameter.
- the content of the inorganic particles in the antireflection layer 24 is not particularly limited, and is often 70% by mass or more, because the transmittance in the visible light region of the laminate is further increased, and the solvent resistance of the laminate is excellent. 80 mass% or more is preferable, 90 mass% or more is more preferable, and 95 mass% or more is still more preferable. An upper limit in particular is not restrict
- the refractive index of the inorganic particles is preferably from 1.00 to 1.45, more preferably from 1.10 to 1.40, and more preferably from 1.15 to 1.35 from the viewpoint that the transmittance in the visible light region of the laminate is further increased. Is more preferable, and 1.15 to 1.30 is particularly preferable.
- the refractive index of inorganic particles can be measured by the following method. A mixed solution sample of a matrix resin and inorganic particles having a solid content concentration of 10%, prepared so that the content of inorganic particles is 0% by mass, 20% by mass, 30% by mass, 40% by mass, and 50% by mass is prepared. Each is coated on a silicon wafer by using a spin coater so that the thickness becomes 0.3 to 1.0 ⁇ m.
- the coating film is obtained by heating and drying on a hot plate at 200 ° C. for 5 minutes.
- the refractive index at a wavelength of 633 nm (25 ° C.) is obtained using an ellipsometer (VUV-base [trade name] manufactured by JA Woollam), and the value of 100% by mass of inorganic particles can be extrapolated.
- the average thickness of the antireflection layer 24 is not particularly limited, and is preferably 0.01 to 1.00 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.05 to 0.5 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint that the transmittance in the visible light region of the laminate is further increased.
- the said average thickness measures the thickness of arbitrary 10 points
- the antireflection layer 24 may contain components other than the above inorganic particles as necessary, for example, a so-called binder (particularly a low refractive index binder) such as a fluororesin or polysiloxane. Also good.
- a so-called binder particularly a low refractive index binder
- fluororesin or polysiloxane also good.
- the antireflection layer 24 has a single layer structure, but may have a multilayer structure as necessary.
- the production method of the antireflection layer 24 is not particularly limited, and includes a dry method (for example, sputtering method, vacuum deposition method, etc.) and a wet method (for example, coating method, etc.). Is preferred.
- a wet method for example, a composition for forming an antireflection layer containing an inorganic material (preferably inorganic particles) is applied on a predetermined substrate, and if necessary, a drying treatment is performed, and an antireflection layer is formed.
- a method for producing is preferably mentioned.
- the content of the inorganic particles in the composition for forming an antireflection layer is not particularly limited, is preferably 10 to 50% by mass, more preferably 15 to 40% by mass, and still more preferably 15 to 30% by mass.
- the composition for forming an antireflection layer appropriately contains a solvent (water or an organic solvent).
- Examples of the application method include a spin coating method, a dip coating method, a roller blade method, and a spray method.
- the method for the drying treatment is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include heat treatment and air drying treatment, and heat treatment is preferable.
- the conditions for the heat treatment are not particularly limited and are preferably 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably 65 ° C. or higher, and still more preferably 70 ° C. or higher. As an upper limit, it is preferable that it is 200 degrees C or less, It is more preferable that it is 150 degrees C or less, It is still more preferable that it is 120 degrees C or less.
- the said heating time is not specifically limited, It is preferable that it is 0.5 to 60 minutes, and it is more preferable that it is 1 to 10 minutes.
- the method for the heat treatment is not particularly limited, and heating can be performed by a hot plate, an oven, a furnace, or the like.
- the atmosphere for the heat treatment is not particularly limited, and an inert atmosphere, an oxidizing atmosphere, or the like can be applied.
- the inert atmosphere can be realized by an inert gas such as nitrogen, helium and argon.
- the oxidizing atmosphere can be realized by a mixed gas of these inert gas and oxidizing gas, or air may be used. Examples of the oxidizing gas include oxygen, carbon monoxide, and oxygen dinitride.
- the heating step can be performed under pressure, normal pressure, reduced pressure, or vacuum.
- a particle aggregate in which a plurality of silica particles are linked in a chain (hereinafter referred to as the following) And a layer formed using beaded silica). More specifically, it is more preferable to use a composition (sol) in which beaded silica is dispersed in a solvent.
- silica particles contained in the silica sol in addition to the bead shape, a spherical shape, a needle shape, a plate shape, or the like is widely known, but in this embodiment, a composition in which the beaded silica is dispersed (silica sol ) Is preferably used.
- a composition in which the beaded silica is dispersed (silica sol ) is preferably used.
- the beaded silica is preferably one in which a plurality of silica particles having an average particle diameter of 5 to 50 nm (preferably 5 to 30 nm) are joined by metal oxide-containing silica.
- the beaded silica is obtained from the number average particle diameter (D 1 nm) measured by the dynamic light scattering method of the silica particles and the specific surface area Sm 2 / g measured by the nitrogen adsorption method of the silica particles.
- D 1 / D 2 is preferably 3 to 20 from the viewpoint that particles are difficult to aggregate and increase in haze of the antireflection layer can be suppressed.
- D 1 is preferably 35 to 150 nm.
- an amorphous silica is illustrated, for example.
- the solvent in which the beaded silica is dispersed include methanol, ethanol, IPA (isopropyl alcohol), ethylene glycol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, and the SiO 2 concentration is 5 to 40 mass. % Is preferred.
- a composition containing beaded silica (silica sol) for example, a silica sol described in Japanese Patent No. 4328935 or JP2013-253145A can be used.
- the method of the wet method mentioned above can be employ
- the antireflection layer can also be formed using a commercially available low refractive material. Examples of commercially available low-refractive materials include Opstar-TU series manufactured by JSR Corporation, low-refractive index polysiloxane LS series manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., and Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. fluorine-based resin Cytop series.
- FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the laminate of the present invention.
- the stacked body 300 includes an infrared light absorption layer 26, first reflection layers 12a to 12d, and second reflection layers 14a to 14d.
- the laminated body 300 of the fourth embodiment has the same members as the laminated body 10 of the first embodiment described above except that it has the infrared light absorption layer 26, and the same members are denoted by the same reference numerals. The description thereof will be omitted, and the aspect of the infrared light absorption layer 26 will be mainly described in detail below.
- the infrared light absorption layer 26 is a layer that absorbs infrared light. By including the infrared light absorption layer 26, the angle dependency can be reduced.
- the angle dependency represents a difference between transmission characteristics of light incident on the stacked body from the front direction and transmission characteristics of light incident on the stacked body from an oblique direction.
- a large angle dependency means that the difference between the two is large, that is, a large difference in transmission characteristics depending on the incident direction of light
- a small angle dependency means that the difference between the two is small, that is, light It is intended that the difference in transmission characteristics depending on the incident direction is small.
- the infrared light absorbing layer 26 is disposed on the most light incident side, but the present invention is not limited to this aspect.
- the infrared light absorbing layer 26 may be disposed at a position farthest from the light incident side. Further, it may be disposed between the reflective layers.
- the infrared light absorption layer 26 contains an infrared light absorber.
- the “infrared light absorber” means a compound having absorption in the wavelength region of the infrared light region.
- a compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in a wavelength region of 600 to 1200 nm is preferable.
- the maximum absorption wavelength can be measured using, for example, Cary 5000 UV-Vis-NIR (manufactured by Agilent Technologies, Inc.).
- the content of the infrared light absorber in the infrared light absorption layer 26 is not particularly limited, and is preferably 1 to 80% by mass, more preferably 5 to 60% by mass with respect to the total mass of the infrared light absorption layer 26. .
- the infrared light absorber is preferably an organic dye.
- the “organic dye” means a dye made of an organic compound.
- the infrared light absorber is preferably at least one selected from a copper compound, a cyanine compound, a pyrrolopyrrole compound, a squarylium compound, a phthalocyanine compound, and a naphthalocyanine compound, and more preferably a copper compound, a cyanine compound, or a pyrrolopyrrole compound. preferable.
- an infrared light absorber is a compound which melt
- the solvent resistance is improved.
- a copper compound, a cyanine compound, and a pyrrolopyrrole compound, which are preferred embodiments of the infrared light absorber, will be described in detail.
- the copper compound is preferably a copper compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in the wavelength range of 700 to 1000 nm (near infrared region).
- the copper compound may be a copper complex or not a copper complex, and is preferably a copper complex.
- the ligand L coordinated to copper is not particularly limited as long as it can be coordinated to a copper ion, sulfonic acid, phosphoric acid, phosphate ester, Examples thereof include phosphonic acid, phosphonic acid ester, phosphinic acid, phosphinic acid ester, carboxylic acid, carbonyl (ester, ketone), amine, amide, sulfonamide, urethane, urea, alcohol, thiol and the like.
- the phosphorus-containing copper compound specifically, compounds described in WO 2005 / 030898A, page 5, line 27 to page 7, line 20 can be referred to, and the contents thereof are incorporated in the present specification. It is.
- the copper compound may be a compound represented by the following formula (A).
- L represents a ligand coordinated to copper, and X does not exist or represents a counter ion as necessary so as to neutralize the charge of the copper complex.
- n1 and n2 each independently represents an integer of 0 or more.
- the ligand L has a substituent containing a C atom, an N atom, an O atom, or an S atom as an atom capable of coordinating to copper, and more preferably an isolated group such as N, O, or S A group having an electron pair.
- the preferred ligand L has the same meaning as the ligand L described above.
- the group capable of coordinating is not limited to one type in the molecule and may include two or more types, and may be dissociated or non-dissociated.
- Examples of the counter ion include a counter ion contained in a copper complex described later, which will be described in detail later.
- the copper complex is preferably a compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in a wavelength region of 700 to 1200 nm.
- the maximum absorption wavelength of the copper complex is more preferably in the wavelength region of 720 to 1200 nm, and still more preferably in the wavelength region of 800 to 1100 nm.
- the molar extinction coefficient at the maximum absorption wavelength in the above-described wavelength region of the copper complex is preferably 120 (L / mol ⁇ cm) or more, more preferably 150 (L / mol ⁇ cm) or more, and 200 (L / mol ⁇ cm). ) Or more, more preferably 300 (L / mol ⁇ cm) or more, and particularly preferably 400 (L / mol ⁇ cm) or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, 30000 (L / mol ⁇ cm) or less.
- the molar extinction coefficient of the copper complex is 100 (L / mol ⁇ cm) or more, an infrared light absorbing layer having excellent infrared shielding properties can be formed even with a thin film.
- the gram extinction coefficient at 800 nm of the copper complex is preferably 0.11 (L / g ⁇ cm) or more, more preferably 0.15 (L / g ⁇ cm) or more, and 0.24 (L / g ⁇ cm). The above is more preferable.
- the molar extinction coefficient and gram extinction coefficient of the copper complex were determined by measuring the absorption spectrum of the solution in which the copper complex was dissolved by preparing a solution having a concentration of 1 g / L by dissolving the copper complex in a solvent. Can be obtained.
- a measuring device UV-1800 (wavelength region 200 to 1100 nm) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, Cary 5000 (wavelength region 200 to 1300 nm) manufactured by Agilent, or the like can be used.
- the measurement solvent include water, N, N-dimethylformamide, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, and acetone.
- a solvent capable of dissolving the copper complex to be measured is selected and used from the measurement solvents described above.
- a solvent capable of dissolving the copper complex to be measured is selected and used from the measurement solvents described above.
- dissolve means a state in which the solubility of the copper complex in a solvent at 25 ° C. exceeds 0.01 g / 100 g Solvent.
- the molar extinction coefficient and gram extinction coefficient of the copper complex are preferably values measured using any one of the above-described measurement solvents, and more preferably values of propylene glycol monomethyl ether. .
- Examples of the method for increasing the molar extinction coefficient of the copper complex to 100 (L / mol ⁇ cm) or more include a method using a five-coordinate copper complex, a method using a ligand with high ⁇ -donating property, and symmetry.
- a method using a copper complex having a low value As a mechanism that can achieve a molar extinction coefficient of 100 (L / mol ⁇ cm) or more by using a five-coordinate copper complex, the following is presumed. That is, the symmetry of the complex is lowered by adopting a pentadentate coordination, preferably a pentacoordinate three-way bipyramidal structure or a pentacoordinate tetragonal pyramid structure.
- a pentacoordinate copper complex is obtained by reacting, for example, two bidentate ligands (which may be the same or different) and one monodentate ligand with respect to a copper ion.
- Reacting a ligand with two bidentate ligands (which may be the same or different), reacting one tridentate ligand with one bidentate ligand, one tetradentate It can be prepared by reacting a ligand with one monodentate ligand or reacting one pentadentate ligand. At this time, the monodentate ligand coordinated by an unshared electron pair may be used as a reaction solvent. For example, when two bidentate ligands are reacted with a copper ion in a solvent containing water, these two bidentate ligands are coordinated with water as a monodentate ligand. A complex is obtained.
- the following is presumed as a mechanism that can achieve a molar extinction coefficient of 100 (L / mol ⁇ cm) or more by using a ligand having a high ⁇ -donating property. That is, by using a ligand having a high ⁇ -donating property (a ligand in which the ⁇ orbit of the ligand or the p orbital is shallow in energy), the p orbit of the metal and the p orbit of the ligand (or ⁇ orbitals) are easily mixed. At this time, the dd transition is not a pure dd transition, and the contribution of the LMCT (Land to Metal Charge Transfer) transition, which is an allowable transition, is mixed.
- the extinction coefficient is improved, and it is considered that 100 (L / mol ⁇ cm) or more can be achieved.
- the ligand having a high ⁇ -donating property include a halogen ligand, an oxygen anion ligand, and a sulfur anion ligand.
- the copper complex using a ligand having a high ⁇ -donating property include a copper complex having a Cl ligand as a monodentate ligand.
- a copper complex with low symmetry can be obtained by using a ligand with low symmetry or by introducing the ligand asymmetrically with respect to the copper ion.
- the copper complex preferably has a compound having at least two coordination sites (hereinafter also referred to as compound (A)) as a ligand.
- the compound (A) preferably has at least three coordination sites, and more preferably has 3 to 5 coordination sites.
- Compound (A) acts as a chelate ligand for the copper component. That is, at least two coordination atoms of the compound (A) are chelate-coordinated with copper, so that the structure of the copper complex is distorted and high transmittance in the visible light region is obtained, and the ability to absorb infrared light. It is thought that the color value can also be improved. As a result, even if the laminate is used for a long period of time, its characteristics are not impaired, and the camera module can be stably manufactured.
- the copper complex may have two or more compounds (A). When it has two or more compounds (A), each compound (A) may be the same or different. As a coordination site
- the copper complex is exemplified by 4-coordination, 5-coordination, and hexacoordination, and 4-coordination and 5-coordination are more preferable, and 5-coordination is more preferable. Moreover, it is preferable that the copper complex forms a 5-membered ring and / or a 6-membered ring with copper and a ligand. Such a copper complex is stable in shape and excellent in complex stability.
- Copper in the copper complex used in the present invention can be obtained, for example, by mixing or reacting the compound (A) with a copper component (copper or a compound containing copper).
- the copper component is preferably a compound containing divalent copper.
- a copper component may use only 1 type and may use 2 or more types.
- copper component for example, copper oxide or copper salt can be used.
- the copper salt examples include copper carboxylate (eg, copper acetate, copper ethyl acetoacetate, copper formate, copper benzoate, copper stearate, copper naphthenate, copper citrate, copper 2-ethylhexanoate), copper sulfonate (For example, copper methanesulfonate), copper phosphate, phosphate ester copper, phosphonate copper, phosphonate ester copper, phosphinate copper, amide copper, sulfonamido copper, imide copper, acylsulfonimide copper, bissulfonimide Copper, methide copper, alkoxy copper, phenoxy copper, copper hydroxide, copper carbonate, copper sulfate, copper nitrate, copper perchlorate, copper fluoride, copper chloride, or copper bromide are preferred, copper carboxylate, sulfonic acid Copper, sulfonamide copper, imide copper, acylsulfonimide
- the amount of the copper component to be reacted with the compound (A) is preferably 1: 0.5 to 1: 8 in a molar ratio (compound (A): copper component), and is 1: 0.5 to 1: 4. More preferably.
- the reaction conditions for reacting the copper component with the compound (A) are preferably, for example, 20 to 100 ° C. and 0.5 hours or longer.
- the copper complex used in the present invention may have a ligand other than the compound (A).
- the ligand other than the compound (A) include a monodentate ligand coordinated by an anion or an unshared electron pair.
- the kind and number of monodentate ligands can be appropriately selected according to the compound (A) coordinated to the copper complex.
- Specific examples of the monodentate ligand used as a ligand other than the compound (A) include, but are not limited to, the following. In the following, Ph represents a phenyl group, and Me represents a methyl group.
- the copper complex is not limited to a neutral complex having no charge depending on the number of coordination sites coordinated with the anion. , May be a cation complex or an anion complex.
- counter ions are present as necessary to neutralize the charge of the copper complex.
- the counter ion is a negative counter ion, for example, an inorganic anion or an organic anion may be used.
- hydroxide ions examples include hydroxide ions, halogen anions (eg, fluoride ions, chloride ions, bromide ions, iodide ions, etc.), substituted or unsubstituted alkyl carboxylate ions (acetate ions, trifluoroacetate ions).
- halogen anions eg, fluoride ions, chloride ions, bromide ions, iodide ions, etc.
- substituted or unsubstituted alkyl carboxylate ions acetate ions, trifluoroacetate ions.
- substituted or unsubstituted aryl carboxylate ion (benzoate ion, etc.), substituted or unsubstituted alkyl sulfonate ion (methane sulfonate ion, trifluoromethane sulfonate ion, etc.), substituted or unsubstituted aryl sulfonic acid Ions (for example, p-toluenesulfonic acid ion, p-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid ion, etc.), aryl disulfonic acid ions (for example, 1,3-benzenedisulfonic acid ion, 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonic acid ion, 2,6-naphthalenedisulfonic acid ion) Ions), alkyl sulfate ions For example, methyl sulfate ion), sulfate ion, thiocyanate ion,
- halogen anion substituted or unsubstituted alkylcarboxylate ion, sulfate ion, nitrate ion, tetrafluoroborate ion, tetraarylborate ion, hexafluorophosphate ion, amide ion (substituted with acyl group or sulfonyl group) And methide ions (including methides substituted with an acyl group or a sulfonyl group).
- the counter ion is a positive counter ion, for example, inorganic or organic ammonium ion (for example, tetraalkylammonium ion such as tetrabutylammonium ion, triethylbenzylammonium ion, pyridinium ion, etc.), phosphonium ion (for example, tetrabutylphosphonium) And tetraalkylphosphonium ions such as ions, alkyltriphenylphosphonium ions, and triethylphenylphosphonium ions), and alkali metal ions or protons.
- the counter ion may be a metal complex ion, and in particular, the counter ion may be a copper complex, that is, a salt of a cationic copper complex and an anionic copper complex.
- the following aspects (1) to (5) are preferred examples of the copper complex, (2) to (5) are more preferred, (3) to (5) are more preferred, and (4) is preferred. Particularly preferred.
- (1) Copper complex having one or two compounds having two coordination sites as ligands (2) Copper complex having a compound having three coordination sites as ligands (3) Three coordinations Copper complex having a compound having a coordination site and a compound having two coordination sites as a ligand (4) Copper complex having a compound having four coordination sites as a ligand (5)
- the copper complex include the following.
- the copper complex may be supported on a polymer.
- R 1a and R 1b each independently represent an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group
- R 2 to R 5 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent
- R 2 and R 3 , R 4 and R 5 may be bonded to each other to form a ring
- R 6 and R 7 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, —BR A R B , or a metal atom
- R A and R B each independently represent a hydrogen atom or Represents a substituent
- R 6 may be covalently or coordinated with R 1a or R 3
- R 7 may be covalently or coordinated with R 1b or R 5 .
- R 1a and R 1b each independently represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group, preferably an aryl group or a heteroaryl group, and more preferably an aryl group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group represented by R 1a and R 1b is preferably 1 to 40, more preferably 1 to 30, and still more preferably 1 to 25.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and is preferably linear or branched, more preferably branched.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aryl group represented by R 1a and R 1b is preferably 6-30, more preferably 6-20, and still more preferably 6-12.
- the aryl group is preferably a phenyl group.
- the heteroaryl group represented by R 1a and R 1b is preferably a single ring or a condensed ring, more preferably a single ring or a condensed ring having 2 to 8 condensations, and more preferably a single ring or a condensed ring having 2 to 4 condensations. .
- the number of heteroatoms constituting the ring of the heteroaryl group is preferably 1 to 3.
- the hetero atom constituting the ring of the heteroaryl group is preferably a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- the number of carbon atoms constituting the heteroaryl group is preferably 3 to 30, more preferably 3 to 18, still more preferably 3 to 12, and particularly preferably 3 to 10.
- the heteroaryl group is preferably a 5-membered ring or a 6-membered ring.
- aryl group and heteroaryl group may have a substituent or may be unsubstituted. It is preferable that it has a substituent from a viewpoint that the solubility with respect to a solvent can be improved.
- the substituent that the aryl group and heteroaryl group may have is preferably a group having a branched alkyl structure. According to this aspect, the solvent solubility is further improved.
- the substituent is preferably a hydrocarbon group that may contain an oxygen atom, and more preferably a hydrocarbon group containing an oxygen atom.
- the hydrocarbon group containing an oxygen atom is preferably a group represented by —O—R x1 .
- R x1 is preferably an alkyl group or an alkenyl group, more preferably an alkyl group, and particularly preferably a branched alkyl group. That is, the substituent is more preferably an alkoxy group, and still more preferably a branched alkoxy group.
- the alkoxy group preferably has 1 to 40 carbon atoms.
- the lower limit is preferably 3 or more, more preferably 5 or more, still more preferably 8 or more, and particularly preferably 10 or more.
- the upper limit is more preferably 35 or less, and still more preferably 30 or less.
- the alkoxy group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and is preferably linear or branched, more preferably branched.
- the number of carbon atoms of the branched alkoxy group is preferably 3 to 40.
- the lower limit is more preferably 5 or more, still more preferably 8 or more, and still more preferably 10 or more.
- the upper limit is more preferably 35 or less, and still more preferably 30 or less.
- the number of branched alkoxy groups is preferably 2 to 10, more preferably 2 to 8.
- R 2 to R 5 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- substituents include an alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, amino group (including alkylamino group, arylamino group and heterocyclic amino group), alkoxy group, aryloxy group, heteroaryloxy Group, acyl group, alkylcarbonyl group, arylcarbonyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, aryloxycarbonyl group, acyloxy group, acylamino group, alkoxycarbonylamino group, aryloxycarbonylamino group, sulfonylamino group, sulfamoyl group, carbamoyl group, alkylthio Group, arylthio group, heteroarylthio group, alkylsulfonyl group, arylsulfonyl group, sulfinyl group, ureido group,
- R 2 and R 3 and one of R 4 and R 5 are preferably an electron-withdrawing group.
- a substituent having a positive Hammett ⁇ p value acts as an electron-withdrawing group.
- a substituent having a Hammett ⁇ p value of 0.2 or more can be exemplified as an electron-withdrawing group.
- the ⁇ p value is preferably 0.25 or more, more preferably 0.3 or more, and further preferably 0.35 or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited and is preferably 0.80.
- the electron withdrawing group include a cyano group (0.66), a carboxyl group (—COOH: 0.45), an alkoxycarbonyl group (—COOMe: 0.45), an aryloxycarbonyl group (—COOPh: 0). .44), a carbamoyl group (—CONH 2 : 0.36), an alkylcarbonyl group (—COMe: 0.50), an arylcarbonyl group (—COPh: 0.43), an alkylsulfonyl group (—SO 2 Me: 0) .72), arylsulfonyl groups (—SO 2 Ph: 0.68), and the like.
- a cyano group is preferable.
- Me represents a methyl group
- Ph represents a phenyl group.
- the Hammett ⁇ p value for example, paragraphs 0024 to 0025 of JP-A-2009-263614 can be referred to, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- R 2 and R 3 and one of R 4 and R 5 are preferably a heteroaryl group.
- R 2 and R 3 , R 4 and R 5 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- R 2 and R 3 or R 4 and R 5 are bonded to each other to form a ring, it is preferable to form a 5- to 7-membered ring (preferably a 5- or 6-membered ring).
- the ring formed is preferably a merocyanine dye used as an acidic nucleus.
- Specific examples include, for example, the structure described in paragraph 0026 of JP2010-222557A, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- R 6 and R 7 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, —BR A R B , or a metal atom, and —BR A R B is more preferable.
- R A and R B each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- substituent represented by R A and R B include the substituents represented by R 2 to R 5 described above. Of these, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group is preferable.
- Examples of the pyrrolopyrrole compound represented by the general formula 1 include compounds D-1 to D-162 described in paragraph Nos. 0049 to 0062 of JP 2010-222557 A, the contents of which are incorporated herein. .
- a preferred embodiment of the pyrrolopyrrole compound represented by the general formula 1 includes a pyrrolopyrrole compound represented by the general formula 1-1.
- R 31a and R 31b each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a heteroaryl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 32 is a cyano group, an acyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkyl or arylsulfinyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a nitrogen-containing heteroaryl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms Represents.
- R 6 and R 7 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or a heteroaryl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, and R 6 and R 7 May combine to form a ring, which is an alicyclic ring having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl ring having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or a heteroaryl ring having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R 8 and R 9 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a heteroaryl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
- X represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, —NR—, —CRR′—, or —CH ⁇ CH—, wherein R and R ′ are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a carbon number of 6 to 10 aryl groups are represented.
- Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently a nonmetallic atom group forming a 5-membered or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring that may be condensed
- R 101 and R 102 each independently represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aralkyl group or an aryl group
- L 1 represents a methine chain composed of an odd number of methines
- a and b are each independently 0 or 1
- X 1 represents an anion
- c represents the number necessary for balancing the charge
- the site represented by Cy in the formula is an anion moiety.
- X 1 represents a cation
- c represents a number necessary to balance the charge, and when the charge
- Z 1 and Z 2 each independently represent a nonmetallic atom group that forms a 5-membered or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring that may be condensed.
- a and b are each independently 0 or 1. When a is 0, the carbon atom and the nitrogen atom are bonded by a double bond, and when b is 0, the carbon atom and the nitrogen atom are bonded by a single bond. Both a and b are preferably 0. When a and b are both 0, general formula 2 is expressed as follows.
- X 1 is an anion
- c is represents a number necessary to balance the charge.
- anions include halide ions (Cl ⁇ , Br ⁇ , I ⁇ ), p-toluenesulfonate ions, ethyl sulfate ions, PF 6 ⁇ , BF 4 ⁇ , ClO 4 ⁇ , tris (halogenoalkylsulfonyl) methide anions ( For example, (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 C ⁇ ), di (halogenoalkylsulfonyl) imide anion (eg (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N ⁇ ), tetracyanoborate anion and the like can be mentioned.
- X 1 represents a cation
- c is represents a number necessary to balance the charge.
- the cations include alkali metal ions (Li + , Na + , K + etc.), alkaline earth metal ions (Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Ba 2+ , Sr 2+ etc.), transition metal ions (Ag + , Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ etc.), other metal ions (Al 3+ etc.), ammonium ion, triethylammonium ion, tributylammonium ion, pyridinium ion, tetrabutylammonium Ion, guanidinium ion, tetramethylguanidinium ion, diazabicycloundecenium, and the like.
- the compound represented by the general formula 2 is also preferably a compound represented by the following formula (3-1) or (3-2). This compound is excellent in heat resistance.
- R 1A , R 2A , R 1B and R 2B each independently represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aralkyl group or an aryl group
- L 1A and L 1B each independently represent a methine chain consisting of an odd number of methine groups
- Y 1 and Y 2 each independently represent —S—, —O—, —NR X1 — or —CR X2 R X3 —
- R X1 , R X2 and R X3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group
- V 1A , V 2A , V 1B and V 2B are each independently a halogen atom, cyano group, nitro group, alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, aralkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, —OR c1 , — COR c2 , —
- n1 and m2 each independently represents an integer of 0 to 4,
- X 1 represents an anion
- c represents a number necessary to balance the charge
- X 1 represents a cation
- c represents a number necessary for balancing the charge
- the charge at the site represented by Cy in the formula is neutralized in the molecule, X 1 does not exist.
- Examples of the compound represented by the general formula 2 include compounds described in paragraph numbers 0044 to 0045 of JP-A-2009-108267, the contents of which are incorporated herein. Specifically, the following compounds are exemplified.
- the squarylium dye is preferably a compound represented by the general formula (1).
- a 1 and A 2 each independently represent an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, or a group represented by the following General Formula (2);
- Z 1 represents a nonmetallic atom group forming a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an aralkyl group
- d represents 0 or 1
- a 1 and A 2 in the general formula (1) each independently represent an aryl group, a heterocyclic group or a group represented by the general formula (2), and a group represented by the general formula (2) is preferable.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aryl group represented by A 1 and A 2 is preferably 6 to 48, more preferably 6 to 24, and still more preferably 6 to 12. Specific examples include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group. When the aryl group has a substituent, the carbon number of the aryl group means the number excluding the carbon number of the substituent.
- the heterocyclic group represented by A 1 and A 2 is preferably a 5-membered ring or a 6-membered ring.
- the heterocyclic group is preferably a monocyclic ring or a condensed ring, more preferably a monocyclic ring or a condensed ring having 2 to 8 condensations, a monocyclic ring or a condensed ring having 2 to 4 condensations being more preferable, A condensed ring having a condensation number of 2 or 3 is particularly preferred.
- a hetero atom contained in a heterocyclic group a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom are illustrated, and a nitrogen atom or a sulfur atom is preferable.
- the number of heteroatoms is preferably 1 to 3, and more preferably 1 to 2.
- a heterocyclic group derived from a monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic ring such as a 5-membered or 6-membered ring containing at least one of a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom.
- the aryl group and heterocyclic group may have a substituent.
- the substituent T group shown below is mentioned, for example.
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an aralkyl group, and is preferably an alkyl group.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, still more preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the alkenyl group preferably has 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group and alkenyl group may be linear, branched, or cyclic, and are preferably linear or branched.
- the aralkyl group preferably has 7 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the group represented by the general formula (2) is preferably a group represented by the following general formula (3) or (4).
- R 11 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an aralkyl group
- R 12 represents a substituent
- m is 2 or more
- R 12 are linked to each other.
- X may represent a nitrogen atom or CR 13 R 14
- R 13 and R 14 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent
- m is an integer of 0 to 4
- the wavy line represents a connecting hand with the general formula (1).
- R 11 in the general formulas (3) and (4) has the same meaning as R 2 in the general formula (2), and the preferred range is also the same.
- R 12 in the general formulas (3) and (4) represents a substituent. Examples of the substituent include the groups described in the substituent group T described above. When m is 2 or more, R 12 may be linked to form a ring. Examples of the ring include an alicyclic ring (non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring), an aromatic ring, and a heterocyclic ring. The ring may be monocyclic or multicyclic.
- the linking group is a group consisting of —CO—, —O—, —NH—, a divalent aliphatic group, a divalent aromatic group, and combinations thereof. They can be linked by a divalent linking group selected from the above.
- R 12 are connected to each other to form a benzene ring.
- X in the general formula (3) represents a nitrogen atom or CR 13 R 14 , and R 13 and R 14 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- the substituent include the groups described in the substituent group T described above. For example, an alkyl group etc. are mentioned.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 5, particularly preferably 1 to 3, and most preferably 1.
- the alkyl group is preferably linear or branched, and particularly preferably linear.
- m represents an integer of 0 to 4, preferably 0 to 2.
- the infrared light absorption layer 26 may contain components other than the infrared light absorber. Regarding other components, components that may be contained in an infrared light absorbing composition to be described later are mentioned, and will be described in detail later.
- the production method of the infrared light absorbing layer 26 is not particularly limited, and for example, the infrared light absorbing composition containing the infrared light absorbing agent is applied on a predetermined substrate and dried as necessary. Can be formed.
- the infrared light absorbing composition contains the above infrared light absorber, and in addition, a binder (for example, resin, gelatin), a polymerizable compound, an initiator, or a surfactant is included. Also good.
- Binders include (meth) acrylic resins, styrene resins, epoxy resins, ene / thiol resins, polycarbonate resins, polyether resins, polyarylate resins, polysulfone resins, polyethersulfone resins, polyparaphenylene resins, poly Examples include arylene ether phosphine oxide resin, polyimide resin, polyamideimide resin, polyolefin resin, cyclic olefin resin, and polyester resin. One of these resins may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be mixed and used.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the resin is preferably 2,000 to 2,000,000.
- the upper limit is more preferably 1,000,000 or less, and further preferably 500,000 or less.
- the lower limit is more preferably 3,000 or more, and even more preferably 5,000 or more.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the epoxy resin is preferably 100 or more, and more preferably 200 to 2,000,000.
- the upper limit is more preferably 1,000,000 or less, and particularly preferably 500,000 or less.
- the above resin preferably has a 5% thermal mass decrease temperature of 25 ° C. at 20 ° C./min, preferably 200 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 260 ° C. or higher.
- the resin is selected from a repeating unit represented by the following formula (MX2-1), a repeating unit represented by the following formula (MX2-2), and a repeating unit represented by the following formula (MX2-3).
- MX2-1 a repeating unit represented by the following formula
- MX2-2 a repeating unit represented by the following formula
- MX2-3 a repeating unit represented by the following formula (MX2-3).
- a seed-containing polymer can also be used.
- M represents an atom selected from Si, Ti, Zr and Al
- X 2 represents a substituent or a ligand
- at least one of n X 2 is a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group , A phosphoryloxy group, a sulfonyloxy group, an amino group, an oxime group, and O ⁇ C (R a ) (R b ), and X 2 are bonded to each other to form a ring.
- R a and R b each independently represent a monovalent organic group
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group
- L 1 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group
- n is This represents the number of bonds of M with X 2 .
- M is an atom selected from Si, Ti, Zr and Al, Si, Ti and Zr are preferable, and Si is more preferable.
- X 2 represents a substituent or a ligand, and at least one of n X 2 is a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, a phosphoryloxy group, a sulfonyloxy group, an amino group, an oxime group, and O ⁇ C.
- (R a ) (R b ) is one kind selected from X 2 and X 2 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- at least one alkoxy group is preferably one selected from acyloxy groups, and oxime groups, among the n X 2, more be at least one is alkoxy group More preferably, all of X 2 are alkoxy groups.
- R a and R b each independently represents a monovalent organic group.
- the polymer may contain other repeating units in addition to the repeating units represented by formulas (MX2-1), (MX2-2), and (MX2-3).
- Other components constituting the repeating unit are the same as those disclosed in paragraphs 0068 to 0075 of JP2010-106268A (corresponding to ⁇ 0112> to ⁇ 0118> of the corresponding US Patent Application Publication No. 2011/0124824).
- the description of the polymerization components can be taken into account, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- Preferable other repeating units include repeating units represented by the following formulas (MX3-1) to (MX3-4).
- R 5 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group
- L 4 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group
- R 10 represents an alkyl group or an aryl group.
- R 11 and R 12 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group.
- R 5 has the same meaning as R 1 in formulas (MX2-1) to (MX2-3), and the preferred range is also the same.
- L 4 has the same meaning as L 1 in formulas (MX2-1) to (MX2-3), and the preferred range is also the same.
- the alkyl group represented by R 10 may be linear, branched or cyclic, and is preferably cyclic.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include those described above.
- the aryl group represented by R 10 may be monocyclic or polycyclic, but is preferably monocyclic.
- the aryl group preferably has 6 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 6.
- R 10 is preferably a cyclic alkyl group or an aryl group.
- R 11 and R 12 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group. Examples of the alkyl group and aryl group are the same as those for R 10 .
- Alkyl groups are preferred.
- the alkyl group is preferably linear.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, still more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the polymer contains other repeating units (preferably repeating units represented by formulas (MX3-1) to (MX3-4)), they are represented by formulas (MX2-1) to (MX2-3).
- the molar ratio of the total of repeating units to the total of other repeating units is preferably 95: 5 to 20:80, and more preferably 90:10 to 30:70.
- polymer examples include the following.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer is preferably 500 to 300,000.
- the lower limit is more preferably 1000 or more, and still more preferably 2000 or more.
- the upper limit is more preferably 250,000 or less and even more preferably 200000 or less.
- (Meth) acrylic resin includes a polymer containing a structural unit derived from (meth) acrylic acid and / or its ester. Specific examples include polymers obtained by polymerizing at least one selected from (meth) acrylic acid, (meth) acrylic acid esters, (meth) acrylamide and (meth) acrylonitrile.
- polyester resin examples include polyols (for example, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, and trimethylolpropane), polybasic acids (for example, aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, and aromatics thereof.
- polyols for example, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, and trimethylolpropane
- polybasic acids for example, aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, and aromatics thereof.
- C2-C20 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid such as aromatic dicarboxylic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedicarboxylic acid, etc., in which nuclear hydrogen atom is substituted with methyl group, ethyl group, phenyl group, etc., and cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid
- a polymer obtained by a ring-opening polymerization of a cyclic ester compound such as a caprolactone monomer (for example, polycaprolactone).
- Examples of the epoxy resin include bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, phenol novolac type epoxy resin, cresol novolac type epoxy resin, and aliphatic epoxy resin.
- Examples of bisphenol A type epoxy resins include JER827, JER828, JER834, JER1001, JER1002, JER1003, JER1055, JER1007, JER1009, JER1010 (above, manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resins Co., Ltd.), EPICLON860, EPICLON1050, EPICLON1051, EPICLON1055 Etc.).
- Examples of the bisphenol F type epoxy resin include JER806, JER807, JER4004, JER4005, JER4007, JER4010 (above, manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.), EPICLON 830, EPICLON 835 (above, made by DIC Corporation), LCE-21, RE- 602S (Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) etc. are mentioned.
- Phenol novolac type epoxy resins include JER152, JER154, JER157S70, JER157S65 (above, manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.), EPICLON N-740, EPICLON N-740, EPICLON N-770, EPICLON N-775 (above, DIC) Etc.).
- Cresol novolac type epoxy resins include EPICLON N-660, EPICLON N-665, EPICLON N-670, EPICLON N-673, EPICLON N-680, EPICLON N-690, EPICLON N-695 (above, manufactured by DIC Corporation) ), EOCN-1020 (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), and the like.
- Aliphatic epoxy resins include ADEKA RESIN EP-4080S, ADEKA RESIN EP-4085S, ADEKA RESIN EP-4088S (above, manufactured by ADEKA Corporation) Celoxide 2021P, Celoxide 2081, Celoxide 2083, Celoxide 2085, EHPE 1505, EHLPE 3600, EPOLEEAD PB PB 4700 (above, manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.), Denacol EX-212L, EX-214L, EX-216L, EX-321L, EX-850L (above, manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation), etc. Is mentioned.
- ADEKA RESIN EP-4000S ADEKA RESIN EP-4003S
- ADEKA RESIN EP-4010S ADEKA RESIN EP-4011S (above, manufactured by ADEKA Corporation), NC-2000, NC-3000, NC-7300, XD-1000, EPPN-501, EPPN-502 (above, manufactured by ADEKA Corporation), JER1031S (produced by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.), and the like.
- the resin may have an acid group.
- the acid group include a carboxyl group, a phosphoric acid group, a sulfonic acid group, and a phenolic hydroxyl group. These acid groups may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a polymer having a carboxyl group in the side chain is preferred, and a methacrylic acid copolymer, an acrylic acid copolymer, an itaconic acid copolymer, a crotonic acid copolymer, a maleic acid copolymer, a partial An esterified maleic acid copolymer, an alkali-soluble phenol resin such as a novolak-type resin, etc., an acid cellulose derivative having a carboxyl group in the side chain, and a polymer having a hydroxyl group and an acid anhydride added thereto Can be mentioned.
- a copolymer of (meth) acrylic acid and another monomer copolymerizable therewith is suitable.
- Examples of other monomers copolymerizable with (meth) acrylic acid include alkyl (meth) acrylates, aryl (meth) acrylates, and vinyl compounds.
- alkyl (meth) acrylate and aryl (meth) acrylate methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl (meth) acrylate, pentyl (meth) acrylate,
- vinyl compounds such as hexyl (meth) acrylate, octyl (meth) acrylate, phenyl (meth) acrylate, benzyl (meth) acrylate, tolyl (meth) acrylate, naphthyl (meth) acrylate, and cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, Styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, vinyl tolu
- Examples of the resin having an acid group include benzyl (meth) acrylate / (meth) acrylic acid copolymer, benzyl (meth) acrylate / (meth) acrylic acid / 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate copolymer, and benzyl Multi-component copolymers composed of (meth) acrylate / (meth) acrylic acid / other monomers are preferred.
- Examples of the resin having an acid group include a compound represented by the following general formula (ED1) and / or a compound represented by the following general formula (ED2) (hereinafter, these compounds may be referred to as “ether dimers”).
- ED1 a compound represented by the following general formula
- ED2 a compound represented by the following general formula
- a polymer (a) obtained by polymerizing a monomer component containing is also preferred.
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- R represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- ED2 general formula (ED2)
- JP 2010-168539 A the description in JP 2010-168539 A can be referred to.
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms which may have a substituent represented by R 1 and R 2 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a methyl group and an ethyl group.
- Linear or branched alkyl groups such as n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, tert-amyl group, stearyl group, lauryl group, and 2-ethylhexyl group
- Aryl groups such as phenyl; cycloaliphatic groups such as cyclohexyl, tert-butylcyclohexyl, dicyclopentadienyl, tricyclodecanyl, isobornyl, adamantyl, and 2-methyl-2-adamantyl A group: an alkyl group substituted with an alkoxy group such as a 1-methoxyethyl group and a 1-e
- a primary or secondary carbon substituent which is difficult to be removed by an acid or heat such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a benzyl group is preferable.
- ether dimer for example, paragraph 0317 of JP2013-29760A can be referred to, and the contents thereof are incorporated in the present specification. Only one type of ether dimer may be used, or two or more types may be used.
- the structure derived from the compound represented by the general formula (ED) may be copolymerized with other monomers.
- the resin having an acid group may contain a structural unit derived from a compound represented by the following formula (X).
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 2 represents an alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or a benzene ring that may contain a benzene ring.
- n represents an integer of 1 to 15.
- the alkylene group of R 2 preferably has 2 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group of R 3 has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10, and the alkyl group of R 3 may contain a benzene ring.
- Examples of the alkyl group containing a benzene ring represented by R 3 include a benzyl group and a 2-phenyl (iso) propyl group.
- resin having an acid group include the following structures.
- Examples of the resin having an acid group include paragraphs 0558 to 0571 of JP2012-208494A (corresponding to ⁇ 0685> to ⁇ 0700> of US Patent Application Publication No. 2012/0235099). -The description of paragraphs 0076 to 0099 of 198808 can be referred to, and the contents thereof are incorporated in the present specification.
- the acid value of the resin having an acid group is preferably 30 to 200 mgKOH / g.
- the lower limit is more preferably 50 mgKOH / g or more, and still more preferably 70 mgKOH / g or more.
- the upper limit is more preferably 150 mgKOH / g or less, and still more preferably 120 mgKOH / g or less.
- the resin may have a polymerizable group.
- a film having hardness can be formed.
- the polymerizable group include a (meth) allyl group and a (meth) acryloyl group.
- the resin containing a polymerizable group include: Dial NR series (manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.), Photomer 6173 (produced by COOH containing polyurethane acrylic oligomer. Diamond Shamrock Co. Ltd., biscort R-264, KS resist 106).
- the content of the resin is preferably 15% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more, and further preferably 25% by mass or more based on the total solid content of the infrared light absorbing composition.
- the upper limit is preferably 80% by mass or less, more preferably 70% by mass or less, and still more preferably 50% by mass or less.
- the infrared light absorbing composition preferably contains at least one selected from a resin, gelatin and a polymerizable compound, and particularly preferably contains at least one selected from gelatin and a polymerizable compound. According to this aspect, it is easy to produce an infrared light absorption layer excellent in heat resistance and solvent resistance. Moreover, when using a polymeric compound, it is preferable to use together a polymeric compound and a photoinitiator.
- the infrared light absorbing composition preferably contains gelatin.
- gelatin By containing gelatin, it is easy to form an infrared light absorption layer having excellent heat resistance. Although the detailed mechanism is unknown, it is assumed that it is because an aggregate is easily formed with an infrared light absorber and gelatin.
- a cyanine compound is used as an infrared light absorber, an infrared light absorption layer excellent in heat resistance is easily formed.
- Gelatin includes acid-treated gelatin and alkali-treated gelatin (such as lime treatment) depending on the synthesis method, and both can be preferably used.
- the molecular weight of gelatin is preferably 10,000 to 1,000,000.
- modified gelatin modified by utilizing the amino group or carboxyl group of gelatin can also be used (eg, phthalated gelatin).
- inert gelatin for example, Nitta gelatin 750
- phthalated gelatin for example, Nitta gelatin 801
- the curing agent conventionally known ones can be used, for example, aldehyde compounds such as formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, compounds having reactive halogen described in US Pat. No. 3,288.775 and others. US Pat. No. 3,642,486, JP-B-49-13563, etc., compounds having a reactive ethylenically unsaturated bond, US Pat. No. 3,017,280, etc. Aziridine compounds described in US Pat. No.
- epoxy compounds such as mucochloric acid, dihydroxy dioxane, dichlorodioxane and the like dioxanes
- halogen carboxyl aldehydes such as mucochloric acid, dihydroxy dioxane, dichlorodioxane and the like dioxanes
- chromium alum, zirconium sulfate and the like can be used as the inorganic hardener.
- the gelatin content is preferably 1 to 99% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the infrared light absorbing composition.
- the lower limit is more preferably 10% by mass or more, and still more preferably 20% by mass or more.
- the upper limit is more preferably 95% by mass or less, and still more preferably 90% by mass or less.
- the infrared light absorbing composition can contain a dispersant as a resin. As will be described in detail later, this dispersant may also be included in the visible light absorbing composition.
- the dispersant include polymer dispersants [for example, resins having an amine group (polyamideamine and salts thereof), oligoimine resins, polycarboxylic acids and salts thereof, high molecular weight unsaturated acid esters, modified polyurethanes, modified polyesters, Modified poly (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylic copolymer, naphthalenesulfonic acid formalin condensate] and the like.
- the polymer dispersant can be further classified into a linear polymer, a terminal-modified polymer, a graft polymer, or a block polymer according to its structure.
- a resin having an acid value of 60 mgKOH / g or more (more preferably, an acid value of 60 mgKOH / g or more and 300 mgKOH / g or less) can also be suitably exemplified.
- Examples of the terminal-modified polymer include a polymer having a phosphate group at the end described in JP-A-3-112992 and JP-T-2003-533455, and JP-A-2002-273191. Examples thereof include a polymer having a sulfonic acid group at the terminal and a polymer having a partial skeleton of organic dye or a heterocyclic ring described in JP-A-9-77994. In addition, polymers having two or more pigment surface anchor sites (acid groups, basic groups, organic dye partial skeletons, heterocycles, etc.) introduced at the polymer ends described in JP-A-2007-277514 are also available. It is preferable because of excellent dispersion stability.
- graft polymer examples include reaction products of poly (lower alkyleneimine) and polyester described in JP-A-54-37082, JP-A-8-507960, JP-A-2009-258668, and the like. Copolymers of polyallylamine and polyester described in JP-A-9-169821 and the like, macromonomers described in JP-A-10-339949, JP-A-2004-37986, and the like, and nitrogen atom monomers Polymers, graft type polymers having a partial skeleton of organic dye or a heterocyclic ring described in JP-A No.
- Macromonomer AA-6 polymethyl methacrylate having a methacryloyl group at the end group manufactured by Toa Gosei Co., Ltd.
- a polyester-based macromonomer that is particularly excellent in flexibility and solvent affinity is preferable from the viewpoint of dispersibility of the pigment dispersion, dispersion stability, and developability exhibited by the coloring composition using the pigment dispersion.
- a polyester macromonomer represented by a polyester macromonomer described in JP-A-2-272009 is most preferable.
- block polymer block polymers described in JP-A Nos. 2003-49110 and 2009-52010 are preferable.
- a graft copolymer containing a structural unit represented by any one of the following formulas (1) to (4) can also be used.
- Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 and Z 4 are each independently a monovalent organic group, and the structure is not particularly limited. Specifically, an alkyl group , A hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a heteroaryloxy group, an alkylthioether group, an arylthioether group, a heteroarylthioether group, and an amino group.
- the monovalent organic group represented by Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 and Z 4 preferably has a steric repulsion effect from the viewpoint of improving dispersibility.
- the organic groups represented by Z 1 to Z 3 are each independently preferably an alkyl group having 5 to 24 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 5 to 24 carbon atoms, and among them, each independently branched group having 5 to 24 carbon atoms.
- An alkoxy group having an alkyl group or an alkoxy group having a cyclic alkyl group having 5 to 24 carbon atoms is particularly preferred.
- the organic group represented by Z 4 is preferably independently an alkyl group having 5 to 24 carbon atoms, and among them, each independently a branched alkyl group having 5 to 24 carbon atoms or a cyclic group having 5 to 24 carbon atoms.
- An alkyl group is more preferred.
- n, m, p and q are each an integer of 1 to 500.
- j and k each independently represent an integer of 2 to 8.
- J and k in the formulas (1) and (2) are preferably integers of 4 to 6, and more preferably 5, from the viewpoints of dispersion stability and developability.
- X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , and X 5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms is preferred, a hydrogen atom or a methyl group is more preferred, and a methyl group is still more preferred.
- W 1 , W 2 , W 3 , and W 4 each independently represent an oxygen atom or NH, preferably an oxygen atom.
- R 3 represents a branched or straight-chain alkylene group (the number of carbon atoms is preferably 1 to 10, and more preferably 2 or 3). From the viewpoint of dispersion stability, R 3 represents —CH 2 —CH (CH 3 ) —.
- Y 1, Y 2, Y 3, and, Y 4 are each independently a divalent linking group is not particularly structural constraints.
- the description of paragraphs 0025 to 0069 of JP2012-255128A can be referred to, and the above contents are incorporated in this specification.
- Specific examples of the graft copolymer include the following. Further, resins described in JP-A-2012-255128, paragraphs 0072 to 0094 can be used.
- an oligoimine dispersant containing a nitrogen atom in at least one of the main chain and the side chain can be used.
- the oligoimine-based dispersant has a structural unit having a partial structure X having a functional group of pKa14 or less, and a side chain containing a side chain Y having 40 to 10,000 atoms, and has a main chain and a side chain.
- a resin having at least one basic nitrogen atom is preferred.
- the basic nitrogen atom is not particularly limited as long as it is a basic nitrogen atom.
- the oligoimine dispersant is represented by, for example, a structural unit represented by the following formula (I-1), a structural unit represented by the formula (I-2), and / or a formula (I-2a). Examples thereof include a dispersant containing a structural unit.
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms). a independently represents an integer of 1 to 5. * Represents a connecting part between structural units.
- R 8 and R 9 are the same groups as R 1 .
- L is a single bond, an alkylene group (preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms), an alkenylene group (preferably having 2 to 6 carbon atoms), an arylene group (preferably having 6 to 24 carbon atoms), a heteroarylene group (having 1 to 6 carbon atoms).
- an imino group preferably having a carbon number of 0 to 6
- an ether group preferably having a carbon number of 0 to 6
- a thioether group preferably having a carbonyl group, or a combination group thereof.
- a single bond or —CR 5 R 6 —NR 7 — is preferable.
- R 5 and R 6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms).
- R 7 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- L a is a structural site ring structure formed together with CR 8 CR 9 and N atoms, be combined with the carbon atoms of CR 8 CR 9 is a structural site that form a non-aromatic heterocyclic ring having 3 to 7 carbon atoms preferable. More preferably, it is a structural site that forms a 5- to 7-membered non-aromatic heterocyclic ring by combining the carbon atom and N atom (nitrogen atom) of CR 8 CR 9 , and more preferably a 5-membered non-aromatic heterocyclic ring It is particularly preferable that it is a structural site that forms pyrrolidine. This structural site may further have a substituent such as an alkyl group.
- the dispersant (oligoimine-based dispersant) further comprises at least one copolymer component selected from structural units represented by formula (I-3), formula (I-4), and formula (I-5). It may contain as. When the dispersant contains such a structural unit, the dispersion performance can be further improved.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 8 , R 9 , L, L a , a and * are as defined in the formulas (I-1), (I-2) and (I-2a).
- Ya represents a side chain having an anionic group having 40 to 10,000 atoms.
- the structural unit represented by the formula (I-3) is reacted by adding an oligomer or polymer having a group that reacts with an amine to form a salt to a resin having a primary or secondary amino group in the main chain. Can be formed.
- oligoimine-based dispersant the description of paragraph numbers 0102 to 0166 in JP 2012-255128 A can be referred to, and the above contents are incorporated in this specification. Specific examples of the oligoimine dispersant include the following. In addition, resins described in JP-A-2012-255128, paragraph numbers 0168 to 0174 can be used.
- the infrared light absorbing composition preferably contains a polymerizable compound.
- a polymerizable compound it is preferable to use an addition polymerizable compound having at least one ethylenically unsaturated double bond, and a compound having at least one terminal ethylenically unsaturated bond, preferably two or more. More preferably.
- Such compounds are widely known in the technical field, and can be used without particular limitation in the present invention.
- Radical polymerizable compounds represented by the following general formulas (MO-1) to (MO-5) can also be suitably used. In the formula, when T is an oxyalkylene group, the terminal on the carbon atom side is bonded to R.
- n is an integer of 0 to 14, and m is an integer of 1 to 8.
- a plurality of R and T present in a molecule may be the same or different.
- at least one of the plurality of Rs is —OC ( ⁇ O) CH ⁇ CH 2 , or A group represented by —OC ( ⁇ O) C (CH 3 ) ⁇ CH 2 is represented.
- the radical polymerizable compounds represented by the above general formulas (MO-1) to (MO-5) the compounds described in paragraphs 0248 to 0251 of JP-A No. 2007-26979 are disclosed in the present invention. Can also be suitably used.
- a compound obtained by adding ethylene oxide or propylene oxide to a polyfunctional alcohol and then (meth) acrylated which is described together with the specific examples of the general formulas (1) and (2) in JP-A-10-62986, is also polymerized. It can be used as a functional compound.
- pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (A-TMMT as a commercial product; manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), dipentaerythritol triacrylate (as a commercial product, KAYARAD D-330; Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) Dipentaerythritol tetraacrylate (commercially available product, KAYARAD D-320; manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate (commercially available product, KAYARAD D-310; Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) Company-made), dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate (as a commercial product, KAYARAD DPHA; manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) is preferable, and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate is more preferable, and pentaerythritol
- a polymeric compound may have acid groups, such as a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, and a phosphoric acid group,
- acid groups such as a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, and a phosphoric acid group
- the ethylenically unsaturated compounds which have an acid group can be mentioned suitably.
- Ethylenically unsaturated compounds having an acid group can be obtained by a method in which a part of the hydroxyl group of the polyfunctional alcohol is (meth) acrylated and an acid anhydride is added to the remaining hydroxyl group to form a carboxyl group. It is done.
- the ethylenic compound is a mixture as described above, if it has an unreacted carboxyl group, it can be used as it is, and if necessary, the hydroxyl group of the above ethylenic compound is non-aromatic.
- Carboxylic anhydride may be reacted to introduce an acid group.
- Specific examples of non-aromatic carboxylic acid anhydrides used in this case include tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, alkylated tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, alkylated hexahydrophthalic anhydride, succinic anhydride, and And maleic anhydride.
- the monomer having an acid group is an ester of an aliphatic polyhydroxy compound and an unsaturated carboxylic acid, and an unreacted hydroxyl group of the aliphatic polyhydroxy compound is reacted with a non-aromatic carboxylic acid anhydride to form an acid group.
- Preferred are polyfunctional monomers, more preferably those in which the aliphatic polyhydroxy compound is pentaerythritol and / or dipentaerythritol. Examples of commercially available products include M-510 and M-520 as polybasic acid-modified acrylic oligomers manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.
- the monomers may be used individually by 1 type, and since it is difficult to use a single compound on manufacture, 2 or more types may be mixed and used. Moreover, you may use together the polyfunctional monomer which does not have an acid group as a monomer, and the polyfunctional monomer which has an acid group as needed.
- the preferable acid value of the polyfunctional monomer having an acid group is 0.1 to 40 mgKOH / g, more preferably 5 to 30 mgKOH / g. If the acid value of the polyfunctional monomer is too low, the developing dissolution properties are lowered, and if it is too high, the production and handling are difficult, the photopolymerization performance is lowered, and the curability such as the surface smoothness of the pixel is deteriorated. Accordingly, when two or more polyfunctional monomers having different acid groups are used in combination, or when a polyfunctional monomer having no acid group is used in combination, the acid groups as the entire polyfunctional monomer should be adjusted so as to fall within the above range. Is preferred.
- the polyfunctional monomer which has a caprolactone structure is not particularly limited as long as it has a caprolactone structure in the molecule.
- the polymerizable compound is also preferably at least one selected from the group of compounds represented by the following general formula (i) or (ii).
- each E independently represents — ((CH 2 ) y CH 2 O) — or — ((CH 2 ) y CH (CH 3 ) O) —
- Each y independently represents an integer of 0 to 10
- each X independently represents an acryloyl group, a methacryloyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a carboxyl group.
- the total number of acryloyl groups and methacryloyl groups is 3 or 4
- each m independently represents an integer of 0 to 10
- the total of each m is an integer of 0 to 40. However, when the total of each m is 0, any one of X is a carboxyl group.
- the total of the acryloyl group and the methacryloyl group is 5 or 6, each n independently represents an integer of 0 to 10, and the total of each n is an integer of 0 to 60. However, when the total of each n is 0, any one of X is a carboxyl group.
- m is preferably an integer of 0 to 6, and more preferably an integer of 0 to 4.
- the total of each m is preferably an integer of 2 to 40, more preferably an integer of 2 to 16, and further preferably an integer of 4 to 8.
- n is preferably an integer of 0 to 6, more preferably an integer of 0 to 4.
- the total of each n is preferably an integer of 3 to 60, more preferably an integer of 3 to 24, and still more preferably an integer of 6 to 12.
- — ((CH 2 ) y CH 2 O) — or — ((CH 2 ) yCH (CH 3 ) O) — in general formula (i) or general formula (ii) is A form bonded to X is preferred.
- the compound represented by general formula (i) or (ii) may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used together 2 or more types.
- a form in which all six Xs are acryloyl groups is preferable.
- total content in the polymeric compound of the compound represented by general formula (i) or (ii) 20 mass% or more is preferable, and 50 mass% or more is more preferable.
- the compound represented by the general formula (i) or (ii) has a ring-opening skeleton by a ring-opening addition reaction of pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, which is a conventionally known process. It can be synthesized from the step of bonding and the step of introducing a (meth) acryloyl group by reacting, for example, (meth) acryloyl chloride with the terminal hydroxyl group of the ring-opening skeleton. Each step is a well-known step, and a person skilled in the art can easily synthesize a compound represented by the general formula (i) or (ii).
- pentaerythritol derivatives and / or dipentaerythritol derivatives are preferable.
- Examples of commercially available polymerizable compounds represented by the general formula (i) or (ii) include SR-494, a tetrafunctional acrylate having four ethyleneoxy chains manufactured by Sartomer, manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd. DPCA-60, which is a hexafunctional acrylate having six pentyleneoxy chains, and TPA-330, which is a trifunctional acrylate having three isobutyleneoxy chains.
- polymerizable compound examples include urethane acrylates described in JP-B-48-41708, JP-A-51-37193, JP-B-2-32293, and JP-B-2-16765, and Urethane compounds having an ethylene oxide skeleton described in JP-B-58-49860, JP-B-56-17654, JP-B-62-39417, and JP-B-62-39418 are also suitable.
- polymerizable compounds addition polymerizable compounds having an amino structure or a sulfide structure in the molecule described in JP-A-63-277653, JP-A-63-260909, and JP-A-1-105238 are exemplified.
- Examples of commercially available polymerizable compounds include urethane oligomers UAS-10, UAB-140 (manufactured by Sanyo Kokusaku Pulp Co., Ltd.), U-4HA, U-6LPA, UA-32P, U-10HA, U-10PA, UA-122P, UA-1100H, UA-7200 (made by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), DPHA-40H (made by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), UA-306H, UA-306T, UA-306I, AH-600, T-600, AI-600 (Manufactured by Kyoeisha), UA-9050, UA-9048 (manufactured by BASF) and the like.
- the details of usage methods can be arbitrarily set according to the final performance design of an infrared light absorption composition.
- a structure having a high unsaturated group content per molecule is preferable, and in many cases, a bifunctional or higher functionality is preferable.
- those having three or more functionalities are preferable, and further, having different functional numbers and / or different polymerizable groups (for example, acrylic acid ester, methacrylic acid ester, styrene compound, vinyl ether compound).
- a method of adjusting both sensitivity and intensity by using a combination of these materials is also effective.
- a trifunctional or higher functional polymerizable compound having a different ethylene oxide chain length in that the developability of the photosensitive composition can be adjusted and excellent pattern formation can be obtained.
- the selection of the polymerizable compound is also an important factor for compatibility and dispersibility with other components (for example, photopolymerization initiator, alkali-soluble resin, etc.) contained in the infrared light absorbing composition.
- the compatibility may be improved by using a low-purity compound or using two or more kinds in combination.
- a specific structure may be selected from the viewpoint of improving adhesion to a hard surface such as a support.
- a polymeric compound is given, it is not limited to this.
- the polymerizable compound may be a compound having a polymerizable group and a silyl group (hereinafter also referred to as a silyl compound).
- a silyl compound a compound represented by the following general formula (a) (hereinafter also referred to as “specific silyl compound”) from the viewpoint of improving the interaction with the support and the compatibility.
- X is a hydrogen atom or an organic group, and preferably an organic group having one or more polymerizable groups and an amino group.
- Y 1, Y 2, and Y 3 each independently represent an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, an aryloxy group, an amino group, a silyl group, a heterocyclic group or hydrogen, Represents an atom, and is preferably an alkyl group or an alkoxy group.
- X, Y 1 , Y 2 , and Y 3 have a polymerizable group (for example, (meth) acrylic acid ester group, (meth) acrylamide group, styryl group, etc.). Also good.
- the silyl compound include silyl compounds having a polymerizable group in paragraphs 0056 to 0066 of JP2009-242604A.
- the thio (meth) acrylate compounds described in paragraphs 0024 to 0031 of US Pat. No. 4,176,717 (paragraphs 0027 to 0033 of US2005 / 0261406A) can also be used, and the contents thereof can be used. Incorporated into.
- the infrared light absorbing composition may contain a polymerization initiator.
- the polymerization initiator include a thermal polymerization initiator or a photopolymerization initiator, and a photopolymerization initiator is preferable.
- a photopolymerization initiator is preferable.
- the photopolymerization initiator will be described in detail.
- the photopolymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it has the ability to initiate polymerization of the polymerizable compound, and can be appropriately selected from known photopolymerization initiators. For example, those having photosensitivity from the ultraviolet region to the visible light region are preferable. Further, it may be an activator that generates some action with a photoexcited sensitizer and generates an active radical, or may be an initiator that initiates cationic polymerization according to the type of monomer.
- the photopolymerization initiator preferably contains at least one compound having a molar extinction coefficient of at least about 50 within a range of about 300 to 800 nm (more preferably 330 to 500 nm).
- the photopolymerization initiator examples include halogenated hydrocarbon derivatives (for example, those having a triazine skeleton, those having an oxadiazole skeleton, etc.), acylphosphine compounds such as acylphosphine oxide, hexaarylbiimidazole, oxime derivatives. Oxime compounds, organic peroxides, thio compounds, ketone compounds, aromatic onium salts, ketoxime ethers, aminoacetophenone compounds, hydroxyacetophenones, and the like.
- the halogenated hydrocarbon compound having a triazine skeleton examples include those described in Wakabayashi et al., Bull. Chem. Soc.
- trihalomethyltriazine compounds trihalomethyltriazine compounds, benzyldimethylketal compounds, ⁇ -hydroxyketone compounds, ⁇ -aminoketone compounds, acylphosphine compounds, phosphine oxide compounds, metallocene compounds, oxime compounds, triallylimidazole dimers, oniums
- a compound selected from the group consisting of a compound, a benzothiazole compound, a benzophenone compound, an acetophenone compound and a derivative thereof, a cyclopentadiene-benzene-iron complex and a salt thereof, a halomethyloxadiazole compound, and a 3-aryl-substituted coumarin compound preferable.
- trihalomethyltriazine compounds More preferred are trihalomethyltriazine compounds, ⁇ -aminoketone compounds, acylphosphine compounds, phosphine oxide compounds, oxime compounds, triallylimidazole dimers, onium compounds, benzophenone compounds, acetophenone compounds, trihalomethyltriazine compounds, ⁇ -aminoketones
- a fine pattern may be formed with a sharp shape, and therefore, it is preferable that the unexposed portion is developed without residue in addition to curability. .
- an oxime compound as the photopolymerization initiator.
- stepper exposure is used for curing exposure, but this exposure machine may be damaged by halogen. For this reason, it is necessary to keep the addition amount of the photopolymerization initiator low.
- an oxime compound as a photopolymerization initiator for forming a fine pattern such as a solid-state imaging device. Further, the use of an oxime compound can improve the color transfer.
- the photopolymerization initiator for example, paragraphs 0265 to 0268 of JP2013-29760A can be referred to, and the contents thereof are incorporated in the present specification.
- hydroxyacetophenone compounds As the photopolymerization initiator, hydroxyacetophenone compounds, aminoacetophenone compounds, and acylphosphine compounds can also be suitably used. More specifically, for example, an aminoacetophenone initiator described in JP-A-10-291969 and an acylphosphine initiator described in Japanese Patent No. 4225898 can also be used.
- hydroxyacetophenone-based initiator IRGACURE-184, DAROCUR-1173, IRGACURE-500, IRGACURE-2959, IRGACURE-127 (trade names: all manufactured by BASF) can be used.
- aminoacetophenone-based initiator commercially available products IRGACURE-907, IRGACURE-369, and IRGACURE-379EG (trade names: all manufactured by BASF) can be used.
- aminoacetophenone-based initiator a compound described in JP-A-2009-191179 in which an absorption wavelength is matched with a long wave light source such as 365 nm or 405 nm can also be used.
- acylphosphine-based initiator commercially available products IRGACURE-819 and DAROCUR-TPO (trade names: both manufactured by BASF) can be used.
- More preferred examples of the photopolymerization initiator include oxime compounds.
- oxime compounds a compound described in JP-A-2001-233842, a compound described in JP-A-2000-80068, and a compound described in JP-A-2006-342166 can be used.
- Examples of the oxime compound that can be suitably used in the present invention include 3-benzoyloxyiminobutan-2-one, 3-acetoxyiminobutan-2-one, 3-propionyloxyiminobutan-2-one, 2-acetoxyiminopentan-3-one, 2-acetoxyimino-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 2-benzoyloxyimino-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 3- (4-toluenesulfonyloxy) iminobutane Examples include -2-one and 2-ethoxycarbonyloxyimino-1-phenylpropan-1-one.
- J.H. C. S. Perkin II (1979) pp. 1653-1660
- oxime compounds other than those described above compounds described in JP-T-2009-519904 in which oxime is linked to carbazole N position, and compounds described in US Pat. No. 7,626,957 in which a hetero substituent is introduced into the benzophenone moiety A nitro group introduced into the dye moiety, a compound described in JP 2010-15025 A and US Patent Application Publication No. 2009-292039, a ketoxime compound described in International Publication No. 2009-131189, a triazine skeleton, A compound described in US Pat. No.
- a compound described in JP2009-221114A having an absorption maximum at 405 nm and good sensitivity to a g-ray light source, Etc. may be used.
- paragraphs 0274 to 0275 of JP2013-29760A can be referred to, and the contents thereof are incorporated in the present specification.
- the oxime compound is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (OX-1).
- the oxime N—O bond may be an (E) oxime compound, a (Z) oxime compound, or a mixture of (E) and (Z) isomers. .
- R and B each independently represent a monovalent substituent
- A represents a divalent organic group
- Ar represents an aryl group.
- the monovalent substituent represented by R is preferably a monovalent nonmetallic atomic group.
- the monovalent nonmetallic atomic group include an alkyl group, an aryl group, an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, a heterocyclic group, an alkylthiocarbonyl group, and an arylthiocarbonyl group.
- these groups may have one or more substituents.
- the substituent mentioned above may be further substituted by another substituent.
- the substituent examples include a halogen atom, an aryloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group or an aryloxycarbonyl group, an acyloxy group, an acyl group, an alkyl group, and an aryl group.
- the monovalent substituent represented by B is preferably an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an arylcarbonyl group, or a heterocyclic carbonyl group. These groups may have one or more substituents. Examples of the substituent include the above-described substituents.
- the divalent organic group represented by A is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylene group, or an alkynylene group. These groups may have one or more substituents. Examples of the substituent include the above-described substituents.
- an oxime compound having a fluorine atom can also be used.
- Specific examples of the oxime compound having a fluorine atom include compounds described in JP 2010-262028 A, compounds 24 and 36 to 40 described in JP-A-2014-500852, and JP-A 2013-164471. Examples thereof include compound (C-3). This content is incorporated herein.
- the oxime compound may be an oxime compound having a nitro group.
- oxime compound having a nitro group examples include compounds described in paragraphs 0031 to 0047 of JP 2013-114249 A, paragraphs 0008 to 0012 and 0070 to 0079 of JP 2014-137466 A, and Adeka Arkles NCI-831 (manufactured by ADEKA) can be mentioned.
- a compound represented by the following general formula (1) or (2) can also be used as a photopolymerization initiator.
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or When an arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms and R 1 and R 2 are phenyl groups, the phenyl groups may be bonded to each other to form a fluorene group, and R 3 and R 4 are each independently Represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, an arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms or a heterocyclic group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, wherein X is a direct bond or carbonyl Indicates a group.
- R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 4 have the same meanings as R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 4 in the formula (1)
- R 5 is -R 6, -OR 6 , —SR 6 , —COR 6 , —CONR 6 R 6 , —NR 6 COR 6 , —OCOR 6 , —COOR 6 , —SCOR 6 , —OCSR 6 , —COSR 6 , —CSOR 6 , —CN
- halogen R 6 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, an arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms or a heterocyclic group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms
- X represents a direct bond or a carbonyl group, and a represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- Specific examples of the compounds represented by formula (1) and formula (2) include, for example, compounds described in paragraph numbers 0076 to 0079 of JP-A No. 2014-13
- oxime compounds that are preferably used in the present invention are shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the oxime compound preferably has a maximum absorption wavelength in the wavelength region of 350 to 500 nm, more preferably has an absorption wavelength in the wavelength region of 360 to 480 nm, and more preferably has a high absorbance at 365 nm and 455 nm.
- the molar extinction coefficient at 365 nm or 405 nm of the oxime compound is preferably 1,000 to 300,000, more preferably 2,000 to 300,000, more preferably 5,000 to 200, from the viewpoint of sensitivity. Is more preferable.
- a known method can be used for the molar extinction coefficient of the compound.
- an ethyl acetate solvent is used at a concentration of 0.01 g / L. It is preferable to measure. You may use the photoinitiator used for this invention in combination of 2 or more type as needed.
- the content of the photopolymerization initiator is preferably 0.1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 30% by mass, and still more preferably 1 to 20%, based on the total solid content of the infrared light absorbing composition. % By mass. Within this range, better sensitivity and pattern formability can be obtained.
- the infrared light absorbing composition of the present invention may contain only one type of photopolymerization initiator, or may contain two or more types. When two or more types are included, the total amount is preferably within the above range.
- the infrared light absorbing composition may contain a solvent.
- a solvent There is no restriction
- water or an organic solvent can be used, and an organic solvent is preferable.
- the organic solvent include alcohols (for example, methanol), ketones, esters, ethers, aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and sulfolane. Are preferable. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a mixed solution composed of two or more selected from ethyl carbitol acetate, butyl carbitol acetate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate is preferable.
- alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons, and halogenated hydrocarbons include those described in paragraph 0136 of JP2012-194534A, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- esters, ketones, and ethers are described in paragraph 0497 of JP2012-208494A (corresponding to ⁇ 0609> in US 2012/0235099 corresponding).
- Further examples include acetic acid-n-amyl, ethyl propionate, dimethyl phthalate, ethyl benzoate, methyl sulfate, acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diethyl ether, and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate.
- the amount of the solvent in the infrared light absorbing composition is preferably such that the solid content is 10 to 90% by mass.
- the lower limit is preferably 20% by mass or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 80% by mass or less.
- the infrared light absorbing composition may contain various surfactants from the viewpoint of further improving coatability.
- various surfactants such as a fluorine-based surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, and a silicone-based surfactant can be used.
- the liquid properties (particularly fluidity) when prepared as a coating liquid are further improved, and the uniformity of coating thickness and liquid-saving properties are further improved. can do. That is, when a film is formed using a coating liquid to which a composition containing a fluorosurfactant is applied, the interfacial tension between the coated surface and the coating liquid is reduced, and the wettability to the coated surface is improved. The applicability to the coated surface is improved. For this reason, it is possible to more suitably form a film having a uniform thickness with small thickness unevenness.
- the fluorine content of the fluorosurfactant is preferably 3 to 40% by mass.
- the lower limit is more preferably 5% by mass or more, and further preferably 7% by mass or more.
- the upper limit is more preferably 30% by mass or less, and further preferably 25% by mass or less.
- Specific examples of the fluorosurfactant include surfactants described in paragraphs 0060 to 0064 of JP-A-2014-41318 (paragraphs 0060 to 0064 of the corresponding international publication 2014/17669 pamphlet) and the like. The contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- Examples of commercially available fluorosurfactants include Megafuck F-171, Megafuck F-172, Megafuck F-173, Megafuck F-176, Megafuck F-177, Megafuck F-141, Mega Fuck F-142, Mega Fuck F-143, Mega Fuck F-144, Mega Fuck R30, Mega Fuck F-437, Mega Fuck F-475, Mega Fuck F-479, Mega Fuck F-482, Mega Fuck F-554 , MegaFuck F-780 (above, manufactured by DIC Corporation), FLORARD FC430, FLORARD FC431, FLORARD FC171 (above, manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Limited), Surflon S-382, Surflon SC-101, Surflon SC-103, Surflon SC-104, Surflon SC- 105, Surflon SC1068, Surflon SC-381, Surflon SC-383, Surflon S393, Surflon KH-40 (manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- the weight average molecular weight of the above compound is preferably 3,000 to 50,000, for example, 14,000.
- the fluoropolymer which has an ethylenically unsaturated group in a side chain can also be used as a fluorine-type surfactant.
- Specific examples thereof include compounds described in JP-A 2010-164965, paragraphs 0050 to 0090 and paragraphs 0289 to 0295, such as MegaFac RS-101, RS-102, and RS-718K manufactured by DIC. .
- nonionic surfactant examples include glycerol, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, and ethoxylates and propoxylates thereof (for example, glycerol propoxylate, glycerol ethoxylate, etc.), polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene Stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, polyethylene glycol dilaurate, polyethylene glycol distearate, sorbitan fatty acid ester (Pluronic L10, L31, L61, L62 manufactured by BASF, 10R5, 17R2, 25R2, Tetronic 304, 701, 704, 901, 904, 150R1) Solsperse 20000 (manufactured by Nippon Lubrizol Corporation), and the like. Also, NCW-101, NCW-1001, NCW-1002 manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. can be
- cationic surfactant examples include phthalocyanine derivatives (trade name: EFKA-745, manufactured by Morishita Sangyo Co., Ltd.), organosiloxane polymer KP341 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.), (meth) acrylic acid ( Co) polymer polyflow no. 75, no. 90, no. 95 (manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.), W001 (manufactured by Yusho Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- phthalocyanine derivatives trade name: EFKA-745, manufactured by Morishita Sangyo Co., Ltd.
- organosiloxane polymer KP341 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
- (meth) acrylic acid ( Co) polymer polyflow no. 75, no. 90, no. 95 manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.
- W001 manufactured by Yusho Co., Ltd.
- anionic surfactants include W004, W005, W017 (manufactured by Yusho Co., Ltd.), Sandet BL (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd.), and the like.
- silicone-based surfactants include Torre Silicone DC3PA, Torre Silicone SH7PA, Torre Silicone DC11PA, Torresilicone SH21PA, Torree Silicone SH28PA, Torree Silicone SH29PA, Torree Silicone SH30PA, Torree Silicone SH8400 (above, Toray Dow Corning Co., Ltd.) )), TSF-4440, TSF-4300, TSF-4445, TSF-4460, TSF-4442 (above, manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials), KP341, KF6001, KF6002 (above, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone Co., Ltd.) , BYK307, BYK323, BYK330 (above, manufactured by BYK Chemie) and the like.
- the content of the surfactant is preferably 0.001 to 2.0% by mass, more preferably 0.005 to 1.0% by mass, based on the total solid content of the composition.
- the surfactant may be contained not only in the infrared light absorbing layer but also in other layers.
- the infrared light absorbing composition includes, for example, a dispersant, a sensitizer, a crosslinking agent, a curing accelerator, a filler, a thermosetting accelerator, a thermal polymerization inhibitor, a plasticizer, an adhesion promoter, and Further containing other auxiliary agents (for example, conductive particles, fillers, antifoaming agents, flame retardants, leveling agents, peeling accelerators, antioxidants, fragrances, surface tension modifiers, chain transfer agents, etc.) Can do.
- auxiliary agents for example, conductive particles, fillers, antifoaming agents, flame retardants, leveling agents, peeling accelerators, antioxidants, fragrances, surface tension modifiers, chain transfer agents, etc.
- the infrared light absorbing composition can be applied by a method such as a dropping method (drop cast), a spin coater, a slit spin coater, a slit coater, screen printing, and applicator application.
- the drying conditions vary depending on each component, the type of solvent, the use ratio, and the like, but at a temperature of 60 ° C. to 150 ° C. for about 30 seconds to 15 minutes.
- the infrared light absorbing layer forming method may include other steps. There is no restriction
- the heating temperature in the preheating step and the postheating step is usually 80 to 200 ° C, preferably 90 to 150 ° C.
- the heating time in the preheating step and the postheating step is usually 30 to 240 seconds, and preferably 60 to 180 seconds.
- the curing process is a process of curing the formed film as necessary, and the mechanical strength of the infrared light absorption layer is improved by performing this process.
- an infrared light absorbing composition containing a polymerizable compound it is preferable to perform a curing treatment step.
- a whole surface exposure process, a whole surface heat processing, etc. are mentioned suitably.
- “exposure” is used to include not only light of various wavelengths but also irradiation of an electron beam, an X-ray or the like.
- the exposure is preferably performed by irradiation with radiation, and as the radiation that can be used for the exposure, in particular, ultraviolet rays or visible light such as electron beams, KrF, ArF, g rays, h rays, and i rays are preferably used.
- the exposure method include stepper exposure and exposure with a high-pressure mercury lamp. Exposure is preferably 5 ⁇ 3000mJ / cm 2, more preferably 10 ⁇ 2000mJ / cm 2, particularly preferably 50 ⁇ 1000mJ / cm 2.
- Examples of the entire surface exposure processing method include a method of exposing the entire surface of the formed film.
- the infrared light absorbing composition contains a polymerizable compound
- the entire surface exposure promotes the curing of the polymerization components in the film, the curing of the film further proceeds, and the solvent resistance and heat resistance of the infrared light absorbing layer.
- an apparatus which performs the said whole surface exposure According to the objective, it can select suitably, For example, UV (ultraviolet light) exposure machines, such as an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp, are mentioned suitably.
- a method of the whole surface heat treatment a method of heating the entire surface of the formed film can be given. By heating the entire surface, the solvent resistance and heat resistance of the infrared light absorbing layer are improved.
- the heating temperature in the entire surface heating is preferably 120 to 250 ° C, more preferably 160 to 220 ° C.
- the heating time in the entire surface heating is preferably 3 to 180 minutes, and more preferably 5 to 120 minutes.
- an apparatus which performs whole surface heating According to the objective, it can select suitably from well-known apparatuses, For example, a dry oven, a hotplate, etc. are mentioned.
- FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional view of a fifth embodiment of the laminate of the present invention.
- the stacked body 400 includes a visible light absorbing layer 28, first reflective layers 12c to 12d, and second reflective layers 14c to 14d.
- the laminated body 400 of the fifth embodiment has the above-described first embodiment except that it has the visible light absorbing layer 28 and does not have the first reflecting layers 12a to 12b and the second reflecting layers 14a to 14b.
- the same members as those of the laminate 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the aspect of the visible light absorbing layer 28 will be mainly described in detail.
- the visible light absorbing layer 28 is a layer that absorbs visible light. By including the visible light absorbing layer 28, light in a predetermined visible light region can be blocked (shielded) in the laminate. Therefore, by disposing this layer in the laminate, a plurality of reflective layers (the first reflective layers 12a to 12b and the second reflective layers 14a to 14b) disposed to reflect the visible light region are excluded. As a result, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the laminate.
- the visible light absorbing layer 28 is a layer that absorbs at least light in the visible light region, and may absorb light in other wavelength regions (for example, an ultraviolet light region and an infrared light region). In FIG. 9, the visible light absorbing layer 28 is disposed on the most light incident side, but is not limited to this mode. For example, the visible light absorbing layer 28 may be disposed at a position farthest from the light incident side. It may be arranged between.
- the material used for the visible light absorbing layer 28 is not particularly limited, and a known material can be used.
- the visible light absorbing layer 28 preferably contains colorants (dyes and pigments). As the colorants, so-called R (red), G (green), or B (blue) color filters are manufactured. Examples of known colorants used in this case are listed. More specifically, the visible light absorbing layer 28 preferably contains a chromatic colorant or an organic black colorant.
- the chromatic colorant is preferably a colorant selected from a red colorant, a green colorant, a blue colorant, a yellow colorant, a purple colorant and an orange colorant.
- the chromatic colorant may be a pigment or a dye.
- a pigment is preferable.
- the average particle diameter (r) of the pigment preferably satisfies 20 nm ⁇ r ⁇ 300 nm, more preferably 25 nm ⁇ r ⁇ 250 nm, still more preferably 30 nm ⁇ r ⁇ 200 nm.
- the “average particle size” here means the average particle size of secondary particles in which primary particles of the pigment are aggregated.
- the particle size distribution of the secondary particles of the pigment that can be used (hereinafter also simply referred to as “particle size distribution”) is such that the secondary particles falling into (average particle size ⁇ 100) nm are 70% by mass or more of the total. It is preferable that it is 80% by mass or more.
- the particle size distribution of the secondary particles can be measured using the scattering intensity distribution.
- the pigment having the secondary particle size and the particle size distribution of the secondary particles described above is a commercially available pigment, together with other pigments optionally used (the average particle size of the secondary particles is usually more than 300 nm).
- the pigment mixed solution mixed with the resin and the organic solvent can be prepared by mixing and dispersing while pulverizing using a pulverizer such as a bead mill or a roll mill.
- the pigment thus obtained is usually in the form of a pigment dispersion.
- the pigment is preferably an organic pigment, and examples thereof include the following. However, it is not limited to these. Color Index (CI) Pigment Yellow 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 24, 31, 32, 34, 35, 35: 1, 36, 36: 1, 37, 37: 1, 40, 42, 43, 53, 55, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 73, 74, 77, 81, 83, 86, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 100, 101, 104, 106, 108, 109, 110, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 137, 138, 139, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 161, 162, 164, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170 171,172,173,174,175,176,177,179
- C. I. Pigment Red 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 14, 17, 22, 23, 31, 38, 41, 48: 1, 48: 2, 48: 3, 48: 4 49, 49: 1, 49: 2, 52: 1, 52: 2, 53: 1, 57: 1, 60: 1, 63: 1, 66, 67, 81: 1, 81: 2, 81: 3 83, 88, 90, 105, 112, 119, 122, 123, 144, 146, 149, 150, 155, 166, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 184 185, 187, 188, 190, 200, 202, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 216, 220, 224, 22
- the dye is not particularly limited, and a known dye can be used.
- the chemical structure includes pyrazole azo, anilino azo, triphenyl methane, anthraquinone, anthrapyridone, benzylidene, oxonol, pyrazolotriazole azo, pyridone azo, cyanine, phenothiazine, pyrrolopyrazole azomethine, Dyes such as xanthene, phthalocyanine, benzopyran, indigo, and pyromethene can be used. Moreover, you may use the multimer of these dyes. In addition, the dyes described in JP-A-2015-028144 and JP-A-2015-34966 can also be used.
- an acid dye and / or a derivative thereof may be suitably used.
- a direct dye, a basic dye, a mordant dye, an acid mordant dye, an azoic dye, a disperse dye, an oil-soluble dye, a food dye, and / or a derivative thereof can be usefully used.
- acid dye examples include the following dyes and derivatives of these dyes.
- acid alizarin violet N acid blue 1,7,9,15,18,23,25,27,29,40-45,62,70,74,80,83,86,87,90,92,103,112,113,120, 129, 138, 147, 158, 171, 182, 192, 243, 324: 1, acid chroma violet K, acid Fuchsin; acid green 1,3,5,9,16,25,27,50, acid orange 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 50, 51, 52, 56, 63, 74, 95, acid red 1,4,8,14,17,18,26,27,29,31,34,35,37,42,44,50,51,52,57,66,73,80,87,88, 91, 92, 94, 97, 103, 111, 114, 129, 133, 134, 138, 143, 145, 150,
- azo, xanthene and phthalocyanine acid dyes are also preferred.
- Solvent Blue 44, 38; C.I. I. Acid dyes such as Solvent orange 45; Rhodamine B, Rhodamine 110 and derivatives of these dyes are also preferably used.
- the dye triarylmethane, anthraquinone, azomethine, benzylidene, oxonol, cyanine, phenothiazine, pyrrolopyrazole azomethine, xanthene, phthalocyanine, benzopyran, indigo, pyrazoleazo And at least one selected from anilinoazo, pyrazolotriazole azo, pyridone azo, anthrapyridone, and pyromethene. Further, pigments and dyes may be used in combination.
- organic black colorant examples include bisbenzofuranone compounds, azomethine compounds, perylene compounds, and azo compounds, and bisbenzofuranone compounds or perylene compounds are preferable.
- examples of the bisbenzofuranone compounds include those described in JP-T 2010-534726, JP-2012-515233, JP-2012-515234, and the like.
- Examples of perylene compounds include C.I. I. Pigment Black 31, 32 and the like.
- Examples of the azomethine compound include those described in JP-A-1-170601, JP-A-2-34664 and the like, and can be obtained, for example, as “Chromofine Black A1103” manufactured by Dainichi Seika Co., Ltd.
- the visible light absorbing layer 28 may contain other components (for example, various binders and various additives) in addition to the colorant.
- the manufacturing method of the visible light absorbing layer 28 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a known color filter manufacturing method.
- the colorant and other components (from the viewpoint of excellent manufacturing suitability such as easy thickness adjustment)
- a visible light absorbing composition containing a polymerizable compound, a polymerization initiator, a dispersant, a binder, a surfactant, a solvent, etc.) is applied onto a predetermined surface to be coated, and is cured as necessary.
- the method of giving is mentioned.
- a polymerizable compound a polymerization initiator, a dispersant, a binder, a surfactant, and a solvent
- various materials described in the above-described infrared light absorbing composition are preferably used.
- each laminate may further include an ultraviolet / infrared light reflection film or an ultraviolet absorption layer.
- an ultraviolet and infrared light reflection film By having the ultraviolet and infrared light reflection film, an effect of improving the incident angle dependency can be obtained.
- the ultraviolet and infrared light reflecting film for example, the reflecting layers described in paragraphs 0033 to 0039 of JP2013-68688A and paragraphs 0110 to 0114 of WO2015 / 099060A can be referred to, and the contents thereof are described in this specification. Incorporated into.
- the ultraviolet absorbing layer By having an ultraviolet absorbing layer, a near infrared cut filter excellent in ultraviolet shielding properties can be obtained.
- the ultraviolet absorbing layer for example, the absorbing layer described in paragraphs 0040 to 0070 and 0119 to 0145 of WO2015 / 099060A can be referred to, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- the laminate can be applied to various uses, for example, a filter for an optical sensor using near infrared rays such as a proximity sensor, and a solid having both functions of an optical sensor such as a proximity sensor and an image sensor. Examples thereof include a filter for an image sensor.
- the transmission band of the laminate is in the infrared region, it is preferable to use a light source that emits infrared light.
- the solid-state image sensor of the present invention includes the laminate of the present invention.
- the description of paragraph numbers 0106 to 0107 of JP-A-2015-044188 and the description of paragraphs 0010 to 0012 of JP-A-2014-132333 can be referred to. Included in the description.
- the obtained coating liquid was made into the coating liquid (L450) which is a cholesteric liquid crystalline mixture.
- “Bu” represents a butyl group.
- ⁇ Preparation of coating liquid (R1)> Compound 2-11, a fluorine-based horizontal alignment agent, a chiral agent, a polymerization initiator, and a solvent were mixed to prepare a coating liquid (R1) having the following composition.
- the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ n of the following compound 2-11 was 0.375.
- ⁇ Preparation of coating liquid (L1)> Compound 2-11, a fluorine-based horizontal alignment agent, a chiral agent, a polymerization initiator, and a solvent were mixed to prepare a coating liquid (L1) having the following composition.
- Compound 2-11 100 parts by mass Fluorine-based horizontal alignment agent 1 0.1 part by mass Fluorine-based horizontal alignment agent 2 0.007 parts by mass
- the following left-turning chiral agent (A) 3.3 parts by mass Agent: Adeka Cruz NCI-831 (manufactured by ADEKA) 4 parts by mass / solvent (cyclohexanone) Amount of solute concentration of 40% by mass
- composition 1 for underlayer The following component was mixed and the composition 1 for base layers was prepared.
- Cyclomer P Daicel Chemical
- Fluorosurfactant 0.8 parts by mass
- Propylene glycol monomethyl ether 78.9 parts by mass
- ⁇ Preparation of cholesteric liquid crystal layer> The underlayer composition 1 prepared above was applied on a glass substrate to a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m using a spin coater (manufactured by Mikasa Co., Ltd.) to form a coating film. Subsequently, preheating (prebaking) for 120 seconds at 100 ° C. was performed on the glass substrate having the coating film. Subsequently, the glass substrate having the coating film was post-heated (post-baked) at 220 ° C. for 300 seconds to obtain a base layer 1.
- the coating solution (R450) was applied on a glass substrate on which the underlayer 1 was formed at room temperature using a spin coater so that the film thickness after drying was 5 ⁇ m to form a coating film.
- the glass substrate having the coating film was dried at room temperature for 30 seconds to remove the solvent from the coating film, and then heated at 90 ° C. for 2 minutes to form a cholesteric liquid crystal phase.
- the coating film was irradiated with UV (ultraviolet light) for 6 to 12 seconds at an output of 60% with an electrodeless lamp “D bulb” (90 mW / cm) manufactured by Fusion UV Systems Co., Ltd.
- a cholesteric liquid crystal film (FR450) formed by fixing and fixing a cholesteric liquid crystal phase on a glass substrate was produced.
- the coating liquid (L450) was applied on a cholesteric liquid crystal film (FR450) at room temperature so that the thickness of the film after drying with a spin coater was 5 ⁇ m to form a coating film.
- the glass substrate having the coating film was dried at room temperature for 30 seconds to remove the solvent from the coating film, it was heated in an atmosphere of 90 ° C. for 2 minutes, and then converted into a cholesteric liquid crystal phase at 35 ° C.
- the coating film was subjected to UV irradiation for 6 to 12 seconds at an output of 60% with an electrodeless lamp “D bulb” (90 mW / cm) manufactured by Fusion UV Systems Co., Ltd., and the cholesteric liquid crystal phase was fixed.
- a liquid crystal film (FL450) was produced.
- a cholesteric liquid crystal laminate (FRL-450) formed by fixing two layers of cholesteric liquid crystal phases on a glass substrate was produced.
- the produced cholesteric liquid crystal laminate (FRL-450) was free from significant defects and streaks and had a good surface shape.
- the selective reflection wavelength was 450 nm, respectively.
- the transmission spectrum of the cholesteric liquid crystal laminate (FRL-450) was measured, one strong peak was observed near 450 nm. From this, it was found that the cholesteric liquid crystal layer formed by applying the coating liquid (R450) and the coating liquid (L450) has the same selective reflection wavelength.
- the haze value of the cholesteric liquid crystal laminate (FRL-450) was measured with a haze meter, the average value measured three times was 0.3 (%).
- the coating liquid (R450), a result of the HTP of the chiral agent used in the coating liquid (L450) was calculated according to the following equation, respectively, 54 .mu.m -1, 35 [mu] m -1, and the both HTP were 30 [mu] m -1 or more .
- HTP was similarly calculated for the chiral agent used in the coating solutions (R450 to R1050, L450 to L1050), and as a result, HTP was 30 ⁇ m ⁇ 1 or more.
- HTP 1 ⁇ ⁇ (spiral pitch length ( ⁇ m)) ⁇ (mass% concentration of chiral agent in solid content) ⁇ (where helical pitch length ( ⁇ m) is (selective reflection wavelength ( ⁇ m)) ⁇ (solid Average refractive index), and the average refractive index of the solid content was assumed to be 1.5.)
- a cholesteric liquid crystal film formed using the coating liquid (R550) corresponds to the cholesteric liquid crystal film (FR550).
- the selective reflection wavelengths of FR900), (FR950), (FR1000), (FR1050), and (FR1100) are cholesteric liquid crystal films (FL400), (FL500), (FL550) containing a left-turning chiral agent, (FL600), (FL650), (FL700), (FL750), (FL800), (FL850), (FL900), (FL950), (FL1000), (FL1050), and (FL1100) selective reflection wavelengths and Each was equal to each other.
- the selective reflection wavelength of each film corresponds to the numerical value (nm) in the above ().
- a cholesteric liquid crystal film (FR1) was produced in the same manner as the method for producing a cholesteric liquid crystal film (FR450) except that the coating liquid (R1) was used instead of the coating liquid (R450).
- a cholesteric liquid crystal film (FL1) was produced in the same manner as the cholesteric liquid crystal film (FL450) except that the coating liquid (L1) was used instead of the coating liquid (L450).
- the reflection wavelength bands of (FR1) and (FL1) were both 960 nm to 1140 nm, indicating a broad reflection wavelength band with respect to (FR1100) and (FL1100).
- a cholesteric liquid crystal laminate (FRL-1) was produced by combining the coating liquid (R1) and the coating liquid (L1).
- the haze value of the produced laminate was measured with a haze meter, the average value measured three times for all was 0.3 (%).
- ⁇ Preparation of pigment dispersion 1-1> Using a zirconia bead having a diameter of 0.3 mm, a mixed solution having the following composition is colored with IR (infrared light) with a bead mill (high-pressure disperser NANO-3000-10 with a pressure reducing mechanism (manufactured by Nippon BEE Co., Ltd.)). A pigment dispersion was prepared by mixing and dispersing until the agent had an average particle size shown in Table 2. The table shows the usage amount (unit: parts by mass) of the corresponding component. The average particle diameter of the pigment in the pigment dispersion was measured on a volume basis using a MICROTRAC UPA150 manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.
- ⁇ Preparation of pigment dispersions 2-1 to 2-4> A mixed solution having the following composition was mixed and dispersed for 3 hours using a zirconia bead having a diameter of 0.3 mm in a bead mill (high pressure disperser NANO-3000-10 with a pressure reducing mechanism (manufactured by Nippon BEE Co., Ltd.)). A pigment dispersion was prepared. The table shows the usage amount (unit: parts by mass) of the corresponding component.
- Diketopyrrolopyrrole pigment 1 The following structure (synthesized by the method described in JP-A-2009-263614) (colorant having an absorption maximum in the wavelength range of 800 to 900 nm)
- PGMEA Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
- Polymerizable compound 1 M-305 (55 to 63% by mass of triacrylate) (manufactured by Toa Gosei Co., Ltd.)
- Photopolymerization initiator 1 Irgacure OXE01 (manufactured by BASF)
- -Polymerization inhibitor 1 p-methoxyphenol-Organic solvent 1: Propylene glycol methyl ether acetate
- ⁇ Preparation of visible light absorption layer A> The visible light absorbing composition A was spin-coated on a glass substrate, applied so that the film thickness after post-baking was 3.0 ⁇ m, and dried on a hot plate at 100 ° C. for 120 seconds. After drying, heat treatment (post-baking) was further performed for 300 seconds using a 200 ° C. hot plate.
- a spectrophotometer reff. Glass substrate
- an ultraviolet-visible near-infrared spectrophotometer U-4100, manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation
- ⁇ Preparation of pigment dispersion B-1> A mixed solution having the following composition was mixed and dispersed for 3 hours using a zirconia bead having a diameter of 0.3 mm in a bead mill (high pressure disperser NANO-3000-10 with a pressure reducing mechanism (manufactured by Nippon BEE Co., Ltd.)). Thus, a pigment dispersion B-1 was prepared. -11.8 parts by mass of a mixed pigment composed of a red pigment (CI Pigment Red 254) and a yellow pigment (CI Pigment Yellow 139)-Dispersant: BYK-111 manufactured by BYK 9.1 parts by mass-Organic Solvent: 79.1 parts by mass of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate
- ⁇ Preparation of pigment dispersion B-2> A mixed solution having the following composition was mixed and dispersed for 3 hours using a zirconia bead having a diameter of 0.3 mm in a bead mill (high pressure disperser NANO-3000-10 with a pressure reducing mechanism (manufactured by Nippon BEE Co., Ltd.)). Thus, a pigment dispersion B-2 was prepared.
- Dispersion resin 4 As the dispersion resin 4, the following compounds (ratio in the repeating unit is a molar ratio) were used.
- ⁇ Preparation of visible light absorbing composition B> The following components were mixed to prepare a visible light absorbing composition B.
- -Pigment dispersion B-1 46.5 parts by mass-Pigment dispersion B-2 37.1 parts by mass-1.1 parts by mass of the alkali-soluble resin 1-1.8 parts by mass of the following polymerizable compound 2-The following polymerizability Compound 3 0.6 parts by mass
- Photopolymerization initiator 0.9 parts by mass of the following polymerization initiator 2 4.2 parts by mass of the surfactant 1
- Polymerizable compound 2 The molar ratio of the left compound to the right compound is 7: 3.
- Visible light absorbing composition B was spin-coated on a glass substrate, applied so that the film thickness after post-baking was 1.0 ⁇ m, and dried on a hot plate at 100 ° C. for 120 seconds. After drying, heat treatment (post-baking) was further performed for 300 seconds using a 200 ° C. hot plate.
- a spectrophotometer reff. Glass substrate
- an ultraviolet-visible near-infrared spectrophotometer U-4100, manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation
- a color filter (visible light absorbing layer C) was produced according to the description (Example 1) in paragraphs 0255 to 0259 of JP2013-077009A.
- a spectrophotometer (ref. Glass substrate) of an ultraviolet-visible near-infrared spectrophotometer (U-4100, manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation)
- U-4100 ultraviolet-visible near-infrared spectrophotometer
- Resin A The following compound (Mw (weight average molecular weight): 41000)
- Infrared light absorbent 1 structure below
- Infrared light absorbing composition 2 By dissolving 0.5 parts by mass of the following infrared absorbent 2 (maximum absorption wavelength: 710 nm) in 69.5 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water, and further adding 30.0 parts by mass of a 10% by mass aqueous solution of gelatin, the mixture is stirred. Infrared light absorbing composition 2 was prepared.
- Infrared light absorber 2 The following structure
- ⁇ Manufacture of infrared light absorption layer 1> The infrared light absorbing composition 1 was applied using a spin coater (manufactured by Mikasa Co., Ltd.) to form a coating film. Next, preheating (pre-baking) was performed at 100 ° C. for 120 seconds. Then, the whole surface exposure was performed at 1000 mJ / cm 2 using an i-line stepper. Subsequently, post-heating (post-baking) was performed at 220 ° C. for 300 seconds to obtain an infrared light absorption layer 1 having a thickness of 0.7 ⁇ m.
- infrared light absorption layer 2 ⁇ Manufacture of infrared light absorption layer 2>
- the infrared light absorbing composition 2 prepared above was applied using a spin coater (Mikasa Co., Ltd.). Next, a coating film was formed, and preheating (prebaking) was performed at 100 ° C. for 120 seconds. Next, post-heating (post-baking) was performed at 220 ° C. for 300 seconds to obtain an infrared light absorption layer 2 having a thickness of 0.2 ⁇ m.
- TMOS tetramethoxysilane
- TFPTMS trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane
- PMEA Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
- E organic solvent
- the first liquid was stirred at a temperature of 30 ° C. for 15 minutes.
- silicon alkoxide (A) an oligomer obtained by polymerizing about 3 to 5 monomers in advance was used.
- the second liquid was prepared by charging and mixing and stirring at a temperature of 30 ° C. for 15 minutes.
- the second liquid was added to the first liquid and stirred for 60 minutes while maintaining the temperature. Thereby, a hydrolyzate of the silicon alkoxide (A) and the fluoroalkyl group-containing silicon alkoxide (B) was obtained.
- silica sol (F) in which the obtained hydrolyzate and beaded colloidal silica particles (average particle diameter of spherical particles: 15 nm, D 1 / D 2 : 5.5, D 1 : 80 nm) are dispersed,
- the low refractive dispersion 1 was obtained by stirring and mixing at a ratio where the SiO 2 content in the silica sol (F) was 200 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the SiO 2 content in the hydrolyzate.
- the beaded colloidal silica particles are composed of a plurality of spherical colloidal silica particles and a metal oxide-containing silica that joins the plurality of spherical colloidal silica particles to each other, and an average measured by a dynamic light scattering method of the spherical colloidal silica particles.
- the low refractive composition 1 was applied using a spin coater (manufactured by Mikasa Co., Ltd.) to form a coating film, and preheated (prebaked) for 120 seconds at 100 ° C. Next, post-heating (post-baking) was performed at 220 ° C. for 300 seconds to provide an antireflection layer 1 having a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m.
- a low refractive dispersion 2 was prepared in the same manner as in the low refractive dispersion 1, except that the beaded colloidal silica particles contained in the low refractive dispersion 1 were changed to hollow particles. Specifically, the low refractive dispersion 2 is obtained by mixing the hydrolyzate and the silica of the hollow particles at a ratio of 200 parts by mass of hollow particles to 100 parts by mass of SiO 2 in the hydrolyzate. Got.
- the low refractive composition 2 prepared by the following procedure was applied using a spin coater (manufactured by Mikasa Co., Ltd.) to form a coating film, and preheated (prebaked) at 100 ° C. for 120 seconds. Then, the whole surface exposure was performed at 1000 mJ / cm 2 using an i-line stepper. Subsequently, post-heating (post-baking) was performed at 220 ° C. for 300 seconds to provide an antireflection layer 2 having a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m.
- siloxane resin Hydrolysis condensation reaction was performed using methyltriethoxysilane.
- the solvent used at this time was ethanol.
- the resulting siloxane resin A-1 had a weight average molecular weight of about 10,000.
- the said weight average molecular weight was confirmed by GPC (gel permeation chromatography) according to the procedure demonstrated previously.
- a low refractive composition 3 ⁇ Siloxane resin A-1 20 parts by mass of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA) 64 parts by mass, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate (EEP) 16 parts by mass Emulsogen COL-020 (manufactured by Clariant Japan Co., Ltd.) 2 parts by mass
- PMEA propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
- EEP ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate
- Emulsogen COL-020 manufactured by Clariant Japan Co., Ltd.
- the low refractive composition 3 obtained above was spin-coated at 1000 rpm using a spin coater (manufactured by Mikasa Co., Ltd.) to obtain a coating film.
- the obtained coating film was heated on a hot plate at 100 ° C. for 2 minutes, and immediately after heating, it was heated at 230 ° C. for 10 minutes to form an antireflection layer 3 having a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the low refractive composition 4 prepared above was applied using a spin coater (manufactured by Mikasa Co., Ltd.) to form a coating film, and pre-heated (prebaked) at 100 ° C. for 120 seconds. Subsequently, post-heating (post-baking) was performed at 220 ° C. for 300 seconds to provide an antireflection layer 4 having a thickness of 0.3 ⁇ m.
- (Maximum transmittance of transmission band) / (Minimum transmittance of light shielding band) is larger than 70 2: (Maximum transmittance of transmission band) / (Minimum transmittance of light shielding band) is 50 or more and 70 or less 1 :( (Maximum transmittance of transmission band) / (Minimum transmittance of light-shielding band) is smaller than 50
- the “maximum transmittance of the transmission band” is the transmission band (for example, the first transmission described above) in the transmission spectrum of the laminate. The maximum transmittance in the region from the half-value wavelength on the short wavelength side to the half-value wavelength on the long wavelength side is intended.
- the “minimum transmittance of the light shielding band” means that the transmission spectrum of the laminate is 100 nm from the half-value wavelength on the short wavelength side to the short wavelength side of the transmission band (for example, the first transmission band and the second transmission band described above).
- the minimum transmittance in the wavelength region and the wavelength region of 100 nm from the half-value wavelength on the long wavelength side to the long wavelength side is intended.
- the minimum transmittance is “0%”
- the calculation is performed assuming that the above (minimum transmittance of the light shielding band) is “0.1%”.
- the laminated body of each example includes two transmission bands of the first transmission band and the second transmission band, the above evaluation is performed for both transmission bands, and the lowest evaluation is described in Table 6 and Table below. 7 shows.
- the incident angle was changed to be perpendicular (angle 0 degree) and 30 degrees with respect to the laminate surface
- the shift amount of the half-value wavelength of the transmission band was determined according to the following criteria: Evaluated according to. More specifically, the shift amount is intended to mean the difference between the half-value wavelength position X when incident from the vertical direction and the half-value wavelength position Y when incident from the oblique direction. 3: Less than 5 nm 2: 5 nm or more, less than 10 nm 1:10 nm or more
- the laminate of each example includes two transmission bands of the first transmission band and the second transmission band, the above evaluation is performed for both transmission bands.
- Table 6 and Table 7 to be described later show the lowest evaluations.
- the shift amount was measured using the half-value wavelength on the short wavelength side in the first transmission band, and the shift amount was measured using the half-value wavelength on the long wavelength side in the second transmission band.
- wavelength region means the range (nm) of the first transmission band (or the second transmission band).
- average transmittance 1A (%) means the average transmittance in the wavelength region from the half wavelength A on the short wavelength side to the half wavelength B on the long wavelength side of the first transmission band
- Average transmittance 1B (%) is intended to mean the average transmittance in the wavelength region of 100 nm from the half wavelength A on the short wavelength side to the short wavelength side
- average transmittance 1 C (%) is the half value on the long wavelength side.
- the average transmittance in the wavelength region of 100 nm from the wavelength B to the long wavelength side is intended.
- “slope” refers to the value obtained by (T2 ⁇ T1) / 20 (shortwave side slope) and the value represented by (T3 ⁇ T4) / 20 (longwave side slope). ) Is intended.
- “average transmittance 2A (%)” means the average transmittance in the wavelength region from the half-value wavelength A on the short wavelength side to the half-value wavelength B on the long wavelength side of the second transmission band
- “Average transmittance 2B (%)” is intended to mean the average transmittance in the wavelength region of 50 nm from the half-wavelength A on the short wavelength side to the short wavelength side
- “average transmittance 2C (%)” is the half-value on the long wavelength side. The average transmittance in the wavelength region of 50 nm from the wavelength B to the long wavelength side is intended.
- the wavelength region X having a transmittance exceeding 30% in the wavelength region of 400 to 1200 nm, and the wavelength region X is at least one of the first transmission band and the second transmission band. Was only within.
- the laminated body of the present invention has a desired effect. Especially, when an infrared light absorption layer was contained in a laminated body, it was confirmed that the said angle dependence improves more. Moreover, when the antireflection layer was included in the laminate, it was confirmed that the measurement accuracy was more excellent. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples, it was confirmed that the effects of the present invention cannot be obtained in Comparative Examples 1 to 5 that do not satisfy the predetermined average transmittance condition.
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Abstract
Description
バンドパス型フィルターの中でも、例えば、特許文献1に記載されるように、コレステリック液晶相の選択反射特性を利用した技術が提案されている。
本発明者らは、特許文献1に記載のコレステリック液晶バンドパス型フィルターに関して検討を行ったところ、そのヘイズ値は昨今要求されるレベルを満たしておらず、さらなる改良が必要であることが知見された。
また、本発明は、上記積層体を含む光学センサー、および、上記積層体を製造するために用いられるキットを提供することも目的とする。
すなわち、本発明者らは、以下の構成により上記課題が解決できることを見出した。
少なくとも1層の、螺旋軸の回転方向が左方向である液晶相を固定化してなる第2反射層と、を含む積層体であって、
300~3000nmの波長領域において、第1透過帯域を有し、
第1透過帯域の半値幅が200nm以下であり、
第1透過帯域の短波長側の半値波長Aから長波長側の半値波長Bまでの波長領域における平均透過率が50%以上であり、
半値波長Aから短波長側に100nmの波長領域における平均透過率、および、半値波長Bから長波長側に100nmの波長領域における平均透過率が、それぞれ20%未満である、積層体。
(2) 300~3000nmの波長領域において、更に第2透過帯域を有し、
第2透過帯域の半値幅が200nm以上であり、
第2透過帯域の短波長側の半値波長Cから長波長側の半値波長Dまでの波長領域における平均透過率が30%以上であり、
半値波長Cから短波長側に50nmの波長領域における平均透過率、および、半値波長Dから長波長側に50nmの波長領域における平均透過率が、それぞれ30%未満である、(1)に記載の積層体。
(3) 半値波長Cから半値波長Dまでの波長領域における平均透過率が70%以上である、(2)に記載の積層体。
(4) 第1透過帯域および2透過帯域の少なくとも一方が、650~3000nmの波長領域内にある、(2)または(3)に記載の積層体。
(5) 第1透過帯域および2透過帯域の少なくとも一方が、650~1200nmの波長領域内にある、(2)~(4)のいずれかに記載の積層体。
(6) 400~1200nmの波長領域において透過率が30%を超える波長領域Xがあり、
波長領域Xが、第1透過帯域および2透過帯域の少なくとも一方の帯域内にのみある、(2)~(5)のいずれかに記載の積層体。
(7) 半値波長Aから短波長側に10nmの波長における透過率をT1と、半値波長Aから長波長側に10nmの波長における透過率をT2とした場合、(T2-T1)/20で求められる値が1~5であり、かつ、
半値波長Bから短波長側に10nmの波長における透過率をT3と、半値波長Bから長波長側に10nmの波長における透過率をT4とした場合、(T3-T4)/20で求められる値が1~5であり、T1~T4の単位は%である、(1)~(6)のいずれかに記載の積層体。
(8) 光学センサー用のフィルターとして用いる、(1)~(7)のいずれかに記載の積層体。
(9) 固体撮像素子用のフィルターとして用いる、(1)~(7)のいずれかに記載の積層体。
(10) (1)~(7)のいずれかに記載の積層体と、
積層体の第1透過帯域内に位置するピーク波長を有する光を発光する光源と、を含む、光学センサー。
(11) (1)~(7)のいずれかに記載の積層体を製造するために使用されるキットであって、
液晶化合物および右旋回性のキラル剤を少なくとも含む液晶組成物と、
液晶化合物および左旋回性のキラル剤を少なくとも含む液晶組成物と、を有する、キット。
また、本発明によれば、上記積層体を含む光学センサー、および、上記積層体を製造するために用いられるキットを提供することもできる。
以下に記載する構成要件の説明は、本発明の代表的な実施態様に基づいてなされることがあるが、本発明はそのような実施態様に限定されない。なお、本明細書において「~」を用いて表される数値範囲は、「~」の前後に記載される数値を下限値および上限値として含む範囲を意味する。
なお、本明細書でいう「赤外光」とは、固体撮像素子の感度に応じて変動し得るものであるが、少なくとも650~1300nm程度の範囲を意図する。また、「可視光」とは、少なくとも400nm以上650nm未満程度の範囲を意図する。
本明細書に於ける基(原子団)の表記に於いて、置換および無置換を記していない表記は、置換基を有さないものと共に置換基を有するものをも包含する。例えば、「アルキル基」とは、置換基を有さないアルキル基(無置換アルキル基)のみならず、置換基を有するアルキル基(置換アルキル基)をも包含する。
図1は、本発明の積層体の第1実施態様の断面図を示す。
図1に示すように、積層体10は、螺旋軸の回転方向が右方向である液晶相を固定してなる第1反射層12a~12dと、螺旋軸の回転方向が左方向である液晶相を固定してなる第2反射層14a~14dとを備える。
積層体10においては、図1に示す、白抜き矢印の方向から光が入射されると、第1反射層12a~12dおよび第2反射層14a~14dによって所定の光が反射され、所定の波長領域の光のみが積層体10を透過する。つまり、所定の波長領域に透過帯域を有する。
なお、後段で詳述するように、積層体10においては第1反射層12a~12dの4層、および、第2反射層14a~14dの4層がそれぞれ含まれているが、本発明においては少なくとも1層の第1反射層および少なくとも1層の第2反射層が含まれていればよく、第1反射層および第2反射層の層数は特に制限されない。
本発明の積層体は、所定の波長領域の光を透過させることができる。具体的には、図2に示すように、本発明の積層体は所定の波長の光が透過する第1透過帯域16を有する。なお、後段で詳述するように、本発明の積層体中には、所定の波長領域の光を反射する第1反射層および第2反射層が少なくともそれぞれ1層以上含まれており、このような反射層を組み合わせる(好ましくは、第1反射層および第2反射層をそれぞれ複数層組み合わせる)ことにより、上記透過帯域が形成される。
なお、反射層としては長波長側の選択反射をするものが、キラル剤の使用量が少なくて済むため、ヘイズが発生しにくい。
なお、上記半値波長の特定方法としては、紫外可視近赤外分光光度計(日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製 U-4100)を用いて積層体の透過スペクトルを得て、第1透過帯域の最大透過率(Tmax)の50%の高さの位置での波長を算出する。なお、透過率は、積層体の正面(法線)方向から入射する光の透過率である。
なお、第1透過帯域の半値幅とはいわゆる半値全幅を意図し、第1透過帯域中の最大透過率(Tmax)に対して50%((Tmax)×0.5)となるときの波長間の幅に該当し、半値波長Bと半値波長Aとの差に該当する。
なお、平均透過率の測定方法としては、紫外可視近赤外分光光度計(日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製 U-4100)により300~3000nmの透過率を測定し、半値波長Aから半値波長Bまでの波長領域における透過率の平均値を算出する。
なお、透過率T(%)は、T=I/I0×100(式中、Iは透過する光の強度であり、I0は入射する光の強度である。)で表される。
上記平均透過率は、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、15%以下が好ましく、10%以下がより好ましい。下限は特に制限されず、0.1%以上の場合が多い。
平均透過率の測定方法は、紫外可視近赤外分光光度計(日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製 U-4100)により300~3000nmの透過率を測定し、波長P1から半値波長Aまでの波長領域における透過率の平均値を算出する。
上記平均透過率は、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、15%以下が好ましく、10%以下がより好ましい。下限は特に制限されず、0.1%以上の場合が多い。
平均透過率の測定方法は、紫外可視近赤外分光光度計(日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製 U-4100)により300~3000nmの透過率を測定し、半値波長Bから波長P2までの波長領域における透過率の平均値を算出する。
図3に示すように、本発明の積層体は所定の波長の光が透過する第1透過帯域16と共に、第1透過帯域16とは異なる帯域であって、所定の波長の光が透過する第2透過帯域18を更に有していてもよい。
第1透過帯域の説明は上述の通りであり、以下では、第2透過帯域について詳述する。
積層体が第2透過帯域を有する場合、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、第1透過帯域および第2透過帯域のいずれか一方が650~3000nm(より好ましくは、650~1200nm)の波長領域内にあることが好ましい。第1透過帯域および第2透過帯域の他方は、300nm以上750nm未満(より好ましくは、400~700nm)の波長領域内にあることが好ましい。
なお、第2透過帯域は、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、第1透過帯域よりも短波長側に位置することが好ましい。つまり、積層体が第2透過帯域を有する場合、第1透過帯域が650~3000nm(より好ましくは、650~1200nm)の波長領域内にあり、第2透過帯域が300nm以上750nm未満(より好ましくは、400~700nm)の波長領域内にあることが好ましい。
なお、上記半値波長の特定方法としては、紫外可視近赤外分光光度計(日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製 U-4100)を用いて積層体の透過スペクトルを得て、第2透過帯域の最大透過率(Tmax)の50%の高さの位置での波長を算出する。なお、透過率は、積層体の正面(法線)方向から入射する光の透過率である。
なお、第2透過帯域の半値幅とはいわゆる半値全幅を意図し、第2透過帯域中の最大透過率(Tmax)に対して50%((Tmax)×0.5)となるときの波長間の幅に該当し、半値波長Dと半値波長Cとの差に該当する。
なお、平均透過率の測定方法としては、紫外可視近赤外分光光度計(日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製 U-4100)により300~3000nmの透過率を測定し、半値波長Cから半値波長Dまでの波長領域における透過率の平均値を算出する。
上記平均透過率は、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、20%以下が好ましく、10%以下がより好ましい。下限は特に制限されず、0.1%以上の場合が多い。
平均透過率の測定方法は、紫外可視近赤外分光光度計(日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製 U-4100)により300~3000nmの透過率を測定し、波長P3から半値波長Cまでの波長領域における透過率の平均値を算出する。
上記平均透過率は、本発明の効果がより優れる点で、20%以下が好ましく、10%以下がより好ましい。下限は特に制限されず、0.1%以上の場合が多い。
平均透過率の測定方法は、紫外可視近赤外分光光度計(日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製 U-4100)により300~3000nmの透過率を測定し、半値波長Dから波長P4までの波長領域における透過率の平均値を算出する。
上記要件に関して、図4(A)および(B)を用いて説明する。なお、図4(A)は第1透過帯域の半値波長Aの近傍の透過スペクトルの拡大図であり、図4(B)は第1透過帯域の半値波長Bの近傍の透過スペクトルの拡大図である。
後段で詳述するように、上記(T2-T1)/20および(T3-T4)/20で求められる値は、半値波長Aおよび半値波長B近傍における透過スペクトルの傾きを表す。
次に、T2とT1との差を求めて、得られた値(T2-T1)を波長P6と波長P5との差である「20」(nm)で除することにより、波長P5から波長P6の波長領域における透過スペクトルの傾きであるS1を算出する。つまり、S1=(T2-T1)/20に該当する。なお、S1の単位は(%/nm)に該当する。
得られたS1の値は1~10であることが好ましく、1~5であることがより好ましく、2~5であることが更に好ましく、3~5であることが特に好ましい。
次に、T3とT4との差を求めて、得られた値(T3-T4)を波長P8と波長P7との差である「20」(nm)で除することにより、波長P8から波長P7の波長領域における透過スペクトルの傾きの絶対値であるS2を算出する。つまり、S2=(T3-T4)/20に該当する。なお、S2の単位は(%/nm)に該当する。
得られたS2の値は1~10であることが好ましく、1~5であることがより好ましく、2~5であることが更に好ましく、3~5であることが特に好ましい。
第1反射層および第2反射層は、所定の波長の光に対して遮蔽性(反射性)を有する層である。図1に示すように、本発明の積層体10においては、第1反射層12a、第2反射層14a、第1反射層12b、第2反射層14b、第1反射層12c、第2反射層14c、第1反射層12d、および、第2反射層14dの8層がこの順に積層されている。第1反射層12a~12dは、螺旋軸の回転方向が右方向である液晶相が固定されてなる層であり、所定の波長領域の右円偏光を選択反射するための層である。第2反射層14a~14dは、螺旋軸の回転方向が左方向である液晶相が固定されてなる層であり、所定の波長領域の左円偏光を選択反射するための層である。
なお、上記回転方向は、図1において白抜きの矢印側(図面中の上側)から積層体10を観察した際に右方向回転か左方向回転かを判断する。
例えば、第1反射層12a~12bおよび第2反射層14a~14bは、短波長側の光を反射する役割を担い、第1反射層12c~12dおよび第2反射層14c~14dは、長波長側の光を反射する役割を担う。すなわち、8層の反射層を用いることによって相補的に所定の波長領域を反射し、特定の波長領域の光のみが透過する透過帯域を形成する。
より具体的には、図5に、第1反射層12a~12dおよび第2反射層14a~14dをそれぞれ組み合わせて積層した積層体の透過スペクトルの一例を示す。各反射層の組み合わせによって所定の波長範囲の光を反射することができ、これらの8つの層を積層することにより、図5中の矢印で示す領域の波長を選択的に透過させることができ、上述した透過帯域(第1透過帯域または第2透過帯域)を形成することができる。
第2反射層が複数存在する場合においても、上記第1反射層が複数存在する場合と同様に、各第2反射層の選択反射波長が異なることが好ましく、好適な態様は上記の通りである。
なお、「反射層の選択反射波長」とは、反射層における透過率の極小値をTmin(%)とした場合、以下式で表される半値透過率:T1/2(%)を示す2つの波長の平均値のことを言う。
半値透過率を求める式: T1/2= 100-(100-Tmin)÷2
より詳細には、反射層1層あたりには前述の半値透過率を示す波長が長波側(λ1)と短波側(λ2)に2つ存在し、選択反射波長の値は、λ1とλ2の平均値で表される。
第1反射層および第2反射層は、その総層数に特に制限はなく、例えば、それぞれ1~20層とすることが好ましく、1~10層とすることがより好ましい。
第1反射層の総層数と第2反射層の総層数は、互いに独立であり、同一であっても異なっていてもよく、同一であることが好ましい。
積層体は、1層の第1反射層および1層の第2反射層からなる組をそれぞれ2組以上有していてもよい。このとき、各組にそれぞれ含まれる第1反射層および第2反射層の選択反射波長が互いに等しいことが好ましい。
また、反射層の選択反射波長が「互いに等しい」とは、厳密に等しいことを意味するものではなく、光学的に影響のない範囲の誤差は許容される。本明細書中、2つの反射層の選択反射波長が「互いに等しい」とは、2つの反射層の選択反射波長の差が20nm以下であることを言い、この差は15nm以下であることが好ましく、10nm以下であることがより好ましい。
選択反射波長が互いに等しく、左右異なる旋回性を有する2つの反射層を積層することで、積層体の透過スペクトルは、この選択反射波長において1つの強いピークを示し、反射性能の観点から好ましい。
各反射層は、重合性基を有する液晶化合物(コレステリック液晶化合物)を塗布し、コレステリック液晶相に配向させたのちに重合(好ましくは、光重合)によって固定化されてなることが好ましい。
各反射層の形成には、硬化性(重合性)の液晶組成物を用いるのが好ましい。液晶組成物の一例として、重合性基を有する棒状液晶化合物、キラル剤、および重合開始剤を少なくとも含有する態様が好ましい。各成分を2種以上含んでいてもよい。例えば、重合性の液晶化合物と非重合性の液晶化合物との併用が可能である。また、低分子液晶化合物と高分子液晶化合物との併用も可能である。更に、配向の均一性や塗布適性、および、膜強度を向上させるために、水平配向剤、ムラ防止剤、ハジキ防止剤、および、重合性モノマー等の種々の添加剤から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有していてもよい。また、重合性液晶組成物中には、必要に応じて、更に重合禁止剤、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、光安定化剤、色材、または、金属酸化物微粒子等を、光学的性能を低下させない範囲で添加することができる。
反射層中における酸化防止剤(着色防止剤)の含有量は、固形分換算で、0.01質量%以上20質量%以下であることが好ましく、0.3質量%以上15質量%以下がより好ましい。
また酸化防止剤は2種以上を混合して使用してもよい。
使用可能な液晶化合物は、いわゆる棒状液晶化合物であっても、円盤状液晶化合物であってもよく、特に限定されない。その中でも、棒状液晶化合物であることが好ましい。
本発明に使用可能な棒状液晶化合物の例は、棒状ネマチック液晶化合物である。棒状ネマチック液晶化合物としては、アゾメチン類、アゾキシ類、シアノビフェニル類、シアノフェニルエステル類、安息香酸エステル類、シクロヘキサンカルボン酸フェニルエステル類、シアノフェニルシクロヘキサン類、シアノ置換フェニルピリミジン類、アルコキシ置換フェニルピリミジン類、フェニルジオキサン類、トラン類およびアルケニルシクロヘキシルベンゾニトリル類が好ましく用いられる。低分子液晶化合物だけではなく、高分子液晶化合物も用いることができる。
液晶化合物は、重合性であっても非重合性であってもよく、重合性基を有する液晶化合物が好ましく使用される。上述したように、第1反射層および/または第2反射層は、重合性基を有する液晶化合物を用いて形成された層であることが好ましい。つまり、第1反射層および/または第2反射層は、重合性基を有する液晶化合物を用いて、これらを重合させて形成される層であることが好ましい。
重合性基としては不飽和重合性基、エポキシ基、およびアジリジニル基が挙げられ、不飽和重合性基が好ましく、エチレン性不飽和重合性基(例えば、アクリロイルオキシ基、メタクリロイルオキシ基)がより好ましい。液晶化合物が有する重合性基の個数は、好ましくは1~6個、より好ましくは1~3個である。
液晶化合物の具体例としては、例えば、特開2014-119605号公報の段落0031~0053に記載される化合物が挙げられ、これらの内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。
一般式(X) Q1-L1-Cy1-L2-(Cy2-L3)n-Cy3-L4-Q2
一般式(X)中、Q1およびQ2はそれぞれ独立に重合性基であり、L1およびL4はそれぞれ独立に二価の連結基であり、L2およびL3はそれぞれ独立に単結合または二価の連結基であり、Cy1、Cy2およびCy3はそれぞれ独立に二価の環状基であり、nは0、1、2または3である。
以下に、一般式(X)で表される液晶化合物について説明する。
L1~L4はそれぞれ独立に、-O-、-S-、-CO-、-NR-、-C=N-、二価の鎖状基、二価の環状基およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選ばれる二価の連結基であることが好ましい。上記Rは炭素原子数が1から7のアルキル基または水素原子である。
環状基に含まれる環は、5員環、6員環、または7員環であることが好ましく、5員環または6員環であることがより好ましく、6員環であることが更に好ましい。
環状基に含まれる環は、縮合環であってもよい。但し、縮合環よりも単環であることがより好ましい。
環状基に含まれる環は、芳香族環、脂肪族環、および複素環のいずれでもよい。芳香族環の例には、ベンゼン環およびナフタレン環が含まれる。脂肪族環の例には、シクロヘキサン環が含まれる。複素環の例には、ピリジン環およびピリミジン環が含まれる。
M1-(L1)p-Cy1-L2-(Cy2-L3)n-Cy3-(L4)q-M2
一般式(V)中、M1およびM2はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、ヘテロ環基、シアノ基、ハロゲン、-SCN、-CF3、ニトロ基、または、Q1を表すが、M1およびM2の少なくとも一つは、Q1以外の基を表す。
但し、Q1、L1、L2、L3、L4、Cy1、Cy2、Cy3およびnは、上記一般式(X)で表される基と同義である。また、pおよびqは0、または1である。
屈折率異方性Δnの測定方法としては、液晶便覧(液晶便覧編集委員会編、丸善株式会社刊)202頁に記載の楔形液晶セルを用いた方法が一般的であり、結晶化しやすい化合物の場合は、他の液晶化合物との混合物による評価を行い、その外挿値から見積もることもできる。
芳香族炭素環または複素環に置換してもよい置換基の種類は特に制限されず、例えば、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基、アルキル基、ハロゲン置換アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、アシルオキシ基、アルコキシカルボニル基、カルバモイル基、アルキル置換カルバモイル基、および、炭素数が2~6のアシルアミノ基が挙げられる。
Y1およびY2は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、-O-、-S-、-CO-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CONH-、-NHCO-、-CH=CH-、-CH=CH-COO-、-OCO-CH=CH-、または、-C≡C-を表す。なかでも、-O-が好ましい。
Sp1およびSp2は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、または、炭素数1~25の炭素鎖を表す。炭素鎖は、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、および、環状のいずれもよい。炭素鎖としては、いわゆるアルキル基が好ましい。なかでも、炭素数1~10のアルキル基がより好ましい。
n1およびn2はそれぞれ独立に0~2の整数を表し、n1またはn2が2の場合、複数あるA1、A2、X1およびX2は同じでもあっても異なっていてもよい。
液晶組成物は、コレステリック液晶相を示すものであり、そのためには、キラル剤を含有しているのが好ましい。但し、上記棒状液晶化合物が不斉炭素原子を有する分子である場合には、キラル剤を添加しなくても、コレステリック液晶相を安定的に形成可能である場合もある。キラル剤は、公知の種々のキラル剤(例えば、液晶デバイスハンドブック、第3章4-3項、TN(Twisted Nematic)、STN(Super-twisted nematic)用キラル剤、199頁、日本学術振興会第142委員会編、1989に記載)から選択することができる。キラル剤は、一般に不斉炭素原子を含むが、不斉炭素原子を含まない軸性不斉化合物または面性不斉化合物もキラル剤として用いることができる。軸性不斉化合物または面性不斉化合物の例には、ビナフチル、ヘリセン、パラシクロファンおよびこれらの誘導体が含まれる。キラル剤は、重合性基を有していてもよい。キラル剤が重合性基を有するとともに、併用する棒状液晶化合物も重合性基を有する場合は、重合性キラル剤と重合性棒状液晶化合物との重合反応により、棒状液晶化合物から誘導される繰り返し単位と、キラル剤から誘導される繰り返し単位とを有するポリマーを形成することができる。この態様では、重合性キラル剤が有する重合性基は、重合性棒状液晶化合物が有する重合性基と、同種の基であることが好ましい。従って、キラル剤の重合性基も、不飽和重合性基、エポキシ基またはアジリジニル基であることが好ましく、不飽和重合性基であることが更に好ましく、エチレン性不飽和重合性基であることが特に好ましい。
また、キラル剤は、液晶化合物であってもよい。
キラル剤の具体例としては、例えば、特開2014-119605号公報の段落0055~0080に記載される化合物が挙げられ、これらの内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。
なお、キラル剤としては、主に、右旋回性のキラル剤および左旋回性のキラル剤が挙げられ、第1反射層を製造する際には右旋回性のキラル剤が、第2反射層を製造する際には左旋回性のキラル剤が用いられることが好ましい。
Y1は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、-O-、-C(=O)O-、-OC(=O)-、または、-OC(=O)O-を表し、単結合、-O-、または、-OC(=O)-が好ましく、-O-がより好ましい。
Sp1は、それぞれ独立に、単結合または炭素数1から8のアルキレン基を表すことが好ましく、炭素数1から5のアルキレン基であることがより好ましく、炭素数2~4のアルキレン基であることが更に好ましい。
Z1は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子または(メタ)アクリル基を表し、水素原子であることがより好ましい。
nは、1以上の整数を表し、1~3であることが好ましく、1または2であることがより好ましく、1であることが更に好ましい。
Sp2は、単結合または炭素数1から8のアルキレン基を表し、炭素数1から8のアルキレン基であることが好ましく、炭素数1から5のアルキレン基であることがより好ましく、炭素数2~4のアルキレン基であることが更に好ましい。
Z2は、水素原子または(メタ)アクリル基を表し、水素原子であることが好ましい。
各反射層の形成に用いる液晶組成物は、重合性液晶組成物であるのが好ましく、そのためには、重合開始剤を含有しているのが好ましい。本発明では、紫外線照射により硬化反応を進行させるのが好ましく、使用する重合開始剤は、紫外線照射によって重合反応を開始可能な光重合開始剤であるのが好ましい。光重合開始剤としては、α-カルボニル化合物(米国特許第2367661号、米国特許第2367670号の各明細書記載)、アシロインエーテル(米国特許第2448828号明細書記載)、α-炭化水素置換芳香族アシロイン化合物(米国特許第2722512号明細書記載)、多核キノン化合物(米国特許第3046127号、米国特許第2951758号の各明細書記載)、トリアリールイミダゾールダイマーとp-アミノフェニルケトンとの組み合わせ(米国特許第3549367号明細書記載)、アクリジンおよびフェナジン化合物(特開昭60-105667号公報、米国特許第4239850号明細書記載)およびオキサジアゾール化合物(米国特許第4212970号明細書記載)等が挙げられる。
重合開始剤の使用量は、液晶組成物(塗布液の場合は固形分)の0.1~20質量%であることが好ましく、1~8質量%であることがより好ましい。
液晶組成物には、安定的にまたは迅速にコレステリック液晶相となるのに寄与する配向制御剤が含まれていてもよい。配向制御剤の例には、含フッ素(メタ)アクリレート系ポリマーが含まれる。これらから選択される2種以上を含有していてもよい。これらの化合物は、層の空気界面において、液晶化合物の分子のチルト角を低減または実質的に水平配向させることができる。なお、本明細書で「水平配向」とは、液晶分子長軸と膜面が平行であることをいうが、厳密に平行であることを要求するものではなく、本明細書では、水平面とのなす傾斜角が20度未満の配向を意味する。液晶化合物が空気界面付近で水平配向する場合、配向欠陥が生じ難いため、可視光領域での透明性が高くなり、また赤外領域での反射率が増大する。
配向制御剤として利用可能な含フッ素(メタ)アクリレート系ポリマーの例は、特開2007-272185号公報の<0018>~<0043>等に記載がある。
配向制御剤の具体例としては、例えば、特開2014-119605号公報の段落0081~0090に記載される化合物が挙げられ、これらの内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。
T11中に含まれるoおよびpはそれぞれ独立に0以上の整数であり、oおよびpが2以上であるとき複数のXは互いに同一であっても異なっていてもよい。T11中に含まれるoは1または2であることが好ましい。T11中に含まれるpは1~4の整数であることが好ましく、1または2であることがより好ましい。
積層体の製造方法は特に制限されず、上述した液晶組成物を用いる方法が好適に挙げられる。より具体的には、製造方法の一例は、
(1)所定の基板等の表面に、硬化性の液晶組成物を塗布して、コレステリック液晶相の状態にすること、
(2)硬化性の液晶組成物に紫外線を照射して硬化反応を進行させ、コレステリック液晶相を固定して反射層を形成すること、
を少なくとも含む製造方法である。
(1)および(2)の工程を、液晶組成物の種類を変更しつつ、基板の一方の表面上で8回繰り返すことで図1に示す構成と同様の構成の積層体を作製することができる。
なお、コレステリック液晶相の旋回の方向は、用いる液晶の種類または添加されるキラル剤の種類によって調整でき、螺旋ピッチ(すなわち、中心反射波長)は、これらの材料の濃度によって任意に調整できる。
なお、第1反射層を形成する際には、液晶化合物および右旋回性のキラル剤を少なくとも含む液晶組成物を用いることが好ましく、第2反射層を形成する際には、液晶化合物および左旋回性のキラル剤を少なくとも含む液晶組成物を用いることが好ましい。
硬化反応を促進するため、加熱条件下で紫外線照射を実施してもよい。また、紫外線照射時の温度は、コレステリック液晶相が乱れないように、コレステリック液晶相を呈する温度範囲に維持するのが好ましい。
なお、本発明においては、コレステリック液晶相の光学的性質が層中において保持されていれば十分であり、最終的に反射層中の液晶組成物がもはや液晶性を示す必要はない。例えば、液晶組成物が、硬化反応により高分子量化して、もはや液晶性を失っていてもよい。
なお、第1反射層と第2反射層との製造順番は特に制限されず、どちらを先に(順不同で)製造してもよい。
後段で詳述するように、他の層としては、ガラス基板や樹脂基板等の基板(好ましくは、透明基板)、接着層、密着層、下塗り層、ハードコート層、反射防止層、赤外光吸収層、および、可視光吸収層等が挙げられる。
図6は、本発明の積層体の第2実施態様の断面図を示す。
図6に示すように、積層体100は、基板20と、下地層22と、第1反射層12a~12dと、第2反射層14a~14dとを有する。
第2実施態様の積層体100は、基板20および下地層22を有する点以外は、上述した第1実施態様の積層体10と同様の部材を有し、同一の部材には同一の符号を付してその説明を省略し、以下では主に基板20および下地層22の態様について詳述する。
基板20は、後述する下地層22および各反射層を支持するための基材である。
基板20の種類は特に制限されず、公知の基板を使用することができる。例えば、ガラス基板、樹脂基板等の透明基板を好適に使用することができる。
下地層22は、反射層に隣接して配置される。下地層22が反射層に隣接して配置されることにより、反射層中に含まれる液晶化合物の配向がより制御され、積層体の透過特性がより好ましくなる。
下地層22は、第1反射層および第2反射層中の液晶相(特に、コレステリック液晶相)中の液晶化合物の配向方向をより精密に規定する機能を有する。
下地層22として用いられる材料としては、有機化合物のポリマー(有機ポリマー)が好ましく、それ自体が架橋可能なポリマーか、または、架橋剤により架橋されるポリマーがよく用いられる。当然、双方の機能を有するポリマーも用いられる。
ポリマーの例としては、ポリメチルメタクリレ-ト、アクリル酸/メタクリル酸共重合体、スチレン/マレインイミド共重合体、ポリビニルアルコ-ルおよび変性ポリビニルアルコ-ル、ポリ(N-メチロ-ルアクリルアミド)、スチレン/ビニルトルエン共重合体、クロロスルホン化ポリエチレン、ニトロセルロース、ポリ塩化ビニル、塩素化ポリオレフィン、ポリエステル、ポリイミド、酢酸ビニル/塩化ビニル共重合体、エチレン/酢酸ビニル共重合体、カルボキシメチルセルロ-ス、ゼラチン、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンおよびポリカーボネート等のポリマー、並びに、シランカップリング剤等の化合物を挙げることができる。
下地層22の厚みは、0.1~2.0μmが好ましい。
なお、下地層22としては、ラビング処理を行った配向層(例えば、ポリビニルアルコールを含む配向層)を用いることもできる。また、下地層としては、光配向層も用いることができる。
また、上記ポリマーの他の好適態様としては、環状炭化水素基を有することが好ましい。環状炭化水素基としては、非芳香族環状炭化水素基であっても、芳香族環状炭化水素基であってもよい。
図7は、本発明の積層体の第3実施態様の断面図を示す。
図7に示すように、積層体200は、反射防止層24と、第1反射層12a~12dと、第2反射層14a~14dとを有する。
第3実施態様の積層体200は、反射防止層24を有する点以外は、上述した第1実施態様の積層体10と同様の部材を有し、同一の部材には同一の符号を付してその説明を省略し、以下では主に反射防止層24の態様について詳述する。
反射防止層24は、積層体の最外層側に配置され、積層体表面にて反射される光を低減する。反射防止層を配置することにより、積層体を透過する光量を増やすことができる。
反射防止層24の屈折率は特に制限されず、反射防止機能がより優れる点で、1.45以下が好ましく、1.35以下がより好ましく、1.30未満が更に好ましく、1.25以下が特に好ましい。下限は特に制限されず、通常、1.00以上の場合が多く、1.20以上の場合がより多い。なお、上記屈折率は、以下のように波長633nmでの屈折率を意図する。
反射防止層24の屈折率は、エリプソメータ(J.Aウーラム製VUV-vase[商品名])で測定する(波長633nm、測定温度25℃)。
加水分解反応および縮合反応としては公知の方法を使用することができ、必要に応じて、酸または塩基等の触媒を使用してもよい。触媒としてはpHを変更させるものであれば特に制限がなく、酸(有機酸、無機酸)としては、例えば、硝酸、シュウ酸、酢酸、蟻酸、および、塩酸等が挙げられ、塩基としては、例えば、アンモニア、トリエチルアミン、および、エチレンジアミン等が挙げられる。
なお、重量平均分子量は、公知のGPC(ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー)を用いて測定し、標準ポリスチレンに換算したときの値である。特に断らない限り、GPC測定においては、カラムとしてWaters2695およびShodex製GPCカラムKF-805L(カラム3本を直結)を使用し、カラム温度40℃、試料濃度0.5質量%のテトラヒドロフラン溶液を50μl注入し、溶出溶媒としてテトラヒドロフランを毎分1mlの流量でフローさせ、RI(Refractive Index)検出装置(Waters2414)およびUV(紫外光)検出装置(Waters2996)にて試料ピークを検出することで行う。
無機粒子としては、1種単独でも、2種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。
ここでの無機粒子の平均粒子径は、無機粒子を透過型電子顕微鏡により観察し、得られた写真から求めることができる。無機粒子の投影面積を求め、そこから円相当径を求め平均粒子径とする。本明細書における平均粒子径は、300個以上の無機粒子について投影面積を測定して、円相当径を求めてその数平均径を算出する。
本明細書において無機粒子の屈折率は以下の方法で測定することができる。無機粒子の含有率を0質量%、20質量%、30質量%、40質量%、50質量%に調製した固形分濃度10%のマトリックス樹脂と無機粒子の混合溶液サンプルを作製する。それぞれ、シリコンウェハ上に、厚さが0.3~1.0μmとなるように、スピンコーターを用いて塗布する。ついで200℃のホットプレートで5分間、加熱、乾燥させ、コーティング膜を得る。次に例えばエリプソメータ(J.Aウーラム製VUV-vase[商品名])を用いて波長633nm(25℃)での屈折率を求め、無機粒子100質量%の値を外挿して求めることができる。
なお、上記平均厚みは、反射防止層24の任意の10点以上の厚みを測定して、それらを算術平均したものである。
反射防止層24の製造方法は特に制限されず、乾式法(例えば、スパッタリング法、真空蒸着法等)、および、湿式法(例えば、塗布法等)が挙げられ、生産性の点から、湿式法が好ましい。
湿式法としては、例えば、無機材料(好ましくは、無機粒子)を含む反射防止層形成用組成物を所定の基板上に塗布して、必要に応じて、乾燥処理を実施して、反射防止層を製造する方法が好適に挙げられる。
反射防止層形成用組成物中における無機粒子の含有量は特に制限されず、10~50質量%が好ましく、15~40質量%がより好ましく、15~30質量%が更に好ましい。
また、反射防止層形成用組成物には、溶媒(水または有機溶媒)が適宜含まれる。
乾燥処理の方法は特に制限されず、加熱処理、および、風乾処理が挙げられ、加熱処理が好ましい。加熱処理の条件は特に制限されず、50℃以上であることが好ましく、65℃以上であることがより好ましく、70℃以上であることが更に好ましい。上限としては、200℃以下であることが好ましく、150℃以下であることがより好ましく、120℃以下であることが更に好ましい。上記加熱時間は特に限定されず、0.5分以上60分以下であることが好ましく、1分以上10分以下であることがより好ましい。
加熱処理の方法としては特に制限されず、ホットプレート、オーブン、および、ファーネス等により加熱することができる。
加熱処理の際の雰囲気としては特に制限されず、不活性雰囲気、酸化性雰囲気等を適用することができる。不活性雰囲気は、窒素、ヘリウム、および、アルゴン等の不活性ガスにより実現できる。酸化性雰囲気は、これら不活性ガスと酸化性ガスの混合ガスにより実現することができる他、空気を利用してもよい。酸化性ガスとしては、例えば、酸素、一酸化炭素、および、二窒化酸素等を挙げることができる。加熱工程は、加圧下、常圧下、減圧下、および、真空中のいずれの圧力でも実施することができる。
反射防止層24の好適態様としては、積層体の可視光領域の透過率がより高まり、積層体の耐溶剤性が優れる点から、複数のシリカ粒子が鎖状に連なった粒子凝集体(以下、数珠状シリカとも称する)を用いて形成された層が挙げられる。より具体的には、数珠状シリカが溶媒中に分散した組成物(ゾル)を用いることがより好ましい。
一般に、シリカゾルに含まれるシリカ粒子としては、数珠状の他に、球状、針状または板状のもの等が広く知られているが、本実施形態では、数珠状シリカが分散した組成物(シリカゾル)を用いることが好ましい。この数珠状シリカを用いることによって、形成される反射防止層に空孔ができやすく、屈折率を低下させることができる。
また、シリカ粒子を接合する金属酸化物含有シリカとしては、例えば、非晶質のシリカが例示される。数珠状シリカが分散する溶媒としては、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、IPA(イソプロピルアルコール)、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、および、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート等が例示され、SiO2濃度が5~40質量%であるものが好ましい。
このような数珠状シリカを含む組成物(シリカゾル)としては、例えば特許第4328935号明細書または特開2013-253145号公報に記載されているシリカゾル等を使用することができる。
また、反射防止層は、市販の低屈折材料を用いて形成することもできる。市販の低屈折材料としては、JSR(株)製オプスター-TUシリーズ、東レ(株)製低屈折率化ポリシロキサンLSシリーズ、および、旭硝子(株)フッ素系樹脂サイトップシリーズ等が挙げられる。
図8は、本発明の積層体の第4実施態様の断面図を示す。
図8に示すように、積層体300は、赤外光吸収層26と、第1反射層12a~12dと、第2反射層14a~14dとを有する。
第4実施態様の積層体300は、赤外光吸収層26を有する点以外は、上述した第1実施態様の積層体10と同様の部材を有し、同一の部材には同一の符号を付してその説明を省略し、以下では主に赤外光吸収層26の態様について詳述する。
赤外光吸収層26は、赤外光を吸収する層である。赤外光吸収層26が含まれることにより、角度依存性を低下させることができる。なお、角度依存性とは、積層体に正面方向から入射した光の透過特性と、積層体に斜め方向から入射した光の透過特性との差を表す。例えば、角度依存性が大きいとは、両者の差が大きい、つまり、光の入射方向による透過特性の差が大きいことを意図し、角度依存性が小さいとは両者の差が小さい、つまり、光の入射方向による透過特性の差が小さいことを意図する。
なお、赤外光吸収層26は、図8においては、最も光入射側に配置されているが、この態様には限定されず、例えば、最も光入射側がら遠い位置に配置されていてもよく、反射層同士の間に配置されていてもよい。
赤外光吸収剤としては、波長600~1200nmの波長領域に極大吸収波長を有する化合物が好ましい。極大吸収波長は、例えば、Cary 5000 UV-Vis-NIR(分光光度計 アジレント・テクノロジー株式会社製)を用いて測定することができる。
赤外光吸収層26中における赤外光吸収剤の含有量は特に制限されず、赤外光吸収層26全質量に対して、1~80質量%が好ましく、5~60質量%がより好ましい。
また、赤外光吸収剤は、銅化合物、シアニン化合物、ピロロピロール化合物、スクアリリウム化合物、フタロシアニン化合物およびナフタロシアニン化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種が好ましく、銅化合物、シアニン化合物、または、ピロロピロール化合物がより好ましい。
また、本発明において、赤外光吸収剤は、25℃の水に1質量%以上溶解する化合物であることが好ましく、25℃の水に10質量%以上溶解する化合物がより好ましい。このような化合物を用いることで、耐溶剤性が良化する。
なお、以下に、赤外光吸収剤の好適態様である、銅化合物、シアニン化合物、および、ピロロピロール化合物について詳述する。
銅化合物は、波長700~1000nmの範囲内(近赤外線領域)に極大吸収波長を有する銅化合物が好ましい。
銅化合物は、銅錯体であっても銅錯体でなくてもよく、銅錯体であることが好ましい。
本発明で用いる銅化合物が銅錯体である場合、銅に配位する配位子Lとしては、銅イオンと配位結合可能であれば特に制限されず、スルホン酸、リン酸、リン酸エステル、ホスホン酸、ホスホン酸エステル、ホスフィン酸、ホスフィン酸エステル、カルボン酸、カルボニル(エステル、ケトン)、アミン、アミド、スルホンアミド、ウレタン、ウレア、アルコール、および、チオール等を有する化合物が挙げられる。
リン含有銅化合物として、具体的にはWO2005/030898Aの第5頁第27行目~第7頁第20行目に記載された化合物を参酌することができ、これらの内容は本願明細書に組み込まれる。
Cu(L)n1・(X)n2 式(A)
上記式(A)中、Lは、銅に配位する配位子を表し、Xは、存在しないか、銅錯体の電荷を中和するよう、必要に応じて対イオンを表す。n1、n2は、それぞれ独立に0以上の整数を表す。
配位子Lは、銅に配位可能な原子としてC原子、N原子、O原子、または、S原子を含む置換基を有するものであり、更に好ましくはN、O、または、S等の孤立電子対を持つ基を有するものである。好ましい配位子Lとしては、上述した配位子Lと同義である。配位可能な基は分子内に1種類に限定されず、2種以上を含んでもよく、解離しても非解離でもよい。
対イオンとしては、後述する銅錯体に含まれる対イオンが挙げられ、後段で詳述する。
銅錯体は、700~1200nmの波長領域に極大吸収波長を有する化合物が好ましい。銅錯体の極大吸収波長は、720~1200nmの波長領域に有することがより好ましく、800~1100nmの波長領域に有することが更に好ましい。
銅錯体の上述した波長領域における極大吸収波長でのモル吸光係数は、120(L/mol・cm)以上が好ましく、150(L/mol・cm)以上がより好ましく、200(L/mol・cm)以上が更に好ましく、300(L/mol・cm)以上がより更に好ましく、400(L/mol・cm)以上が特に好ましい。上限は、特に限定はなく、例えば、30000(L/mol・cm)以下とすることができる。銅錯体の上記モル吸光係数が、100(L/mol・cm)以上であれば、薄膜であっても、赤外線遮蔽性に優れた赤外光吸収層を形成することができる。
銅錯体の800nmでのグラム吸光係数は、0.11(L/g・cm)以上が好ましく、0.15(L/g・cm)以上がより好ましく、0.24(L/g・cm)以上が更に好ましい。
なお、本発明において、銅錯体のモル吸光係数およびグラム吸光係数は、銅錯体を溶媒に溶解させて1g/Lの濃度の溶液を調製し、銅錯体を溶解させた溶液の吸収スペクトルを測定して求めることができる。測定装置としては、島津製作所製UV-1800(波長領域200~1100nm)、Agilent製Cary 5000(波長領域200~1300nm)等を用いることができる。測定溶媒としては、水、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、1,2,4-トリクロロベンゼン、または、アセトンが挙げられる。本発明では、上述した測定溶媒のうち、測定対象の銅錯体を溶解できるものを選択して用いる。なかでも、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルで溶解する銅錯体の場合は、測定溶媒としては、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルを用いることが好ましい。なお、「溶解する」とは、25℃の溶媒に対する、銅錯体の溶解度が0.01g/100gSolventを超える状態を意味する。
本発明において、銅錯体のモル吸光係数およびグラム吸光係数は、上述した測定溶媒のいずれか1つを用いて測定した値であることが好ましく、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルでの値であることがより好ましい。
5配位の銅錯体を用いることで、モル吸光係数が100(L/mol・cm)以上を達成できるメカニズムとしては、以下によるものが推測される。すなわち、5座配位、好ましくは、5配位三方両錐構造、または、5配位四角錐構造をとることにより、錯体の対称性が低下する。これにより、配位子と銅の相互作用において、d軌道にp軌道が混ざりやすくなる。このとき、d-d遷移(赤外領域の吸収)は、純粋なd-d遷移ではなくなり、許容遷移であるp-d遷移の寄与が混ざる。これによりモル吸光係数が向上し、100(L/mol・cm)以上を達成することができると考えられる。
5配位の銅錯体は、例えば、銅イオンに対して、2つの2座配位子(同一でも異なっていてもよい)と1つの単座配位子とを反応させること、1つの3座配位子と2つの2座配位子(同一でも異なっていてもよい)とを反応させること、1つの3座配位子と1つの2座配位子とを反応させること、1つの4座配位子と1つの単座配位子とを反応させること、1つの5座配位子を反応させることにより調製することができる。このとき、非共有電子対で配位する単座配位子は、反応溶媒として用いられることもある。例えば、銅イオンに対して、水を含む溶媒中で2つの2座配位子を反応させると、この2つの2座配位子と、単座配位子として水とが配位した5配位錯体が得られる。
また、π供与性の高い配位子を用いることで、モル吸光係数が100(L/mol・cm)以上を達成できるメカニズムとしては、以下によるものが推測される。すなわち、π供与性が高い配位子(配位子のπ軌道あるいはp軌道がエネルギー的に浅いところにある配位子)を用いることにより、金属のp軌道と配位子のp軌道(またはπ軌道)が混ざりやすくなる。このとき、d-d遷移は、純粋なd-d遷移ではなくなり、許容遷移であるLMCT(Ligand to Metal Charge Transfer)遷移の寄与が混ざる。これにより吸光係数が向上し、100(L/mol・cm)以上を達成することができると考えられる。
π供与性の高い配位子としては、例えば、ハロゲン配位子、酸素アニオン配位子、および、硫黄アニオン配位子等が挙げられる。π供与性の高い配位子を用いた銅錯体としては、例えば、単座配位子としてCl配位子を有する銅錯体等が挙げられる。
また、対称性の低い銅錯体は、対称性の低い配位子を用いること、または、銅イオンに対して配位子を非対称に導入することで得ることができる。
銅錯体は、化合物(A)を2つ以上有していてもよい。化合物(A)を2つ以上有する場合は、それぞれの化合物(A)は同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。
化合物(A)が有する配位部位としては、アニオンで配位する配位部位、非共有電子対で配位する配位部位が挙げられる。
銅錯体は、4配位、5配位および6配位が例示され、4配位および5配位がより好ましく、5配位が更に好ましい。
また、銅錯体は、銅と配位子によって、5員環および/または6員環が形成されていることが好ましい。このような銅錯体は、形状が安定であり、錯体安定性に優れる。
銅成分は、2価の銅を含む化合物が好ましい。銅成分は、1種のみを用いてもよいし、2種以上を用いてもよい。
銅成分としては、例えば、酸化銅または銅塩を用いることができる。銅塩は、例えば、カルボン酸銅(例えば、酢酸銅、エチルアセト酢酸銅、ギ酸銅、安息香酸銅、ステアリン酸銅、ナフテン酸銅、クエン酸銅、2-エチルヘキサン酸銅等)、スルホン酸銅(例えば、メタンスルホン酸銅等)、リン酸銅、リン酸エステル銅、ホスホン酸銅、ホスホン酸エステル銅、ホスフィン酸銅、アミド銅、スルホンアミド銅、イミド銅、アシルスルホンイミド銅、ビススルホンイミド銅、メチド銅、アルコキシ銅、フェノキシ銅、水酸化銅、炭酸銅、硫酸銅、硝酸銅、過塩素酸銅、フッ化銅、塩化銅、または、臭化銅が好ましく、カルボン酸銅、スルホン酸銅、スルホンアミド銅、イミド銅、アシルスルホンイミド銅、ビススルホンイミド銅、アルコキシ銅、フェノキシ銅、水酸化銅、炭酸銅、フッ化銅、塩化銅、硫酸銅、または、硝酸銅がより好ましく、カルボン酸銅、アシルスルホンイミド銅、フェノキシ銅、塩化銅、硫酸銅、または、硝酸銅が更に好ましく、カルボン酸銅、アシルスルホンイミド銅、塩化銅、または、硫酸銅が特に好ましい。
化合物(A)と反応させる銅成分の量は、モル比率(化合物(A):銅成分)で1:0.5~1:8とすることが好ましく、1:0.5~1:4とすることがより好ましい。
また、銅成分と化合物(A)とを反応させる際の反応条件は、例えば、20~100℃で、0.5時間以上とすることが好ましい。
単座配位子の種類および数は、銅錯体に配位する化合物(A)に応じて適宜選択することができる。
化合物(A)以外の配位子として用いる単座配位子の具体例としては、以下のものが挙げられ、これらに限定されない。以下において、Phはフェニル基を表し、Meはメチル基を表す。
対イオンが負の対イオンの場合、例えば、無機陰イオンでも有機陰イオンでもよい。具体例としては、水酸化物イオン、ハロゲン陰イオン(例えば、フッ化物イオン、塩化物イオン、臭化物イオン、ヨウ化物イオン等)、置換または無置換のアルキルカルボン酸イオン(酢酸イオン、トリフルオロ酢酸イオン等)、置換または無置換のアリールカルボン酸イオン(安息香酸イオン等)、置換または無置換のアルキルスルホン酸イオン(メタンスルホン酸イオン、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸イオン等)、置換または無置換のアリールスルホン酸イオン(例えばp-トルエンスルホン酸イオン、p-クロロベンゼンスルホン酸イオン等)、アリールジスルホン酸イオン(例えば1,3-ベンゼンジスルホン酸イオン、1,5-ナフタレンジスルホン酸イオン、2,6-ナフタレンジスルホン酸イオン等)、アルキル硫酸イオン(例えばメチル硫酸イオン等)、硫酸イオン、チオシアン酸イオン、硝酸イオン、過塩素酸イオン、テトラフルオロホウ酸イオン、テトラアリールホウ酸イオン、ヘキサフルオロホスフェートイオン、ピクリン酸イオン、アミドイオン(アシル基やスルホニル基で置換されたアミドを含む)、および、メチドイオン(アシル基やスルホニル基で置換されたメチドを含む)が挙げられる。なかでも、ハロゲン陰イオン、置換もしくは無置換のアルキルカルボン酸イオン、硫酸イオン、硝酸イオン、テトラフルオロホウ酸イオン、テトラアリールホウ酸イオン、ヘキサフルオロホスフェートイオン、アミドイオン(アシル基やスルホニル基で置換されたアミドを含む)、または、メチドイオン(アシル基やスルホニル基で置換されたメチドを含む)が好ましい。
対イオンが正の対イオンの場合、例えば、無機または有機のアンモニウムイオン(例えば、テトラブチルアンモニウムイオン等のテトラアルキルアンモニウムイオン、トリエチルベンジルアンモニウムイオン、ピリジニウムイオン等)、ホスホニウムイオン(例えば、テトラブチルホスホニウムイオン等のテトラアルキルホスホニウムイオン、アルキルトリフェニルホスホニウムイオン、トリエチルフェニルホスホニウムイオン等)、および、アルカリ金属イオンまたはプロトンが挙げられる。
また、対イオンは金属錯体イオンであってもよく、特に対イオンが銅錯体、すなわち、カチオン性銅錯体とアニオン性銅錯体の塩であってもよい。
(1)2つの配位部位を有する化合物の1つまたは2つを配位子として有する銅錯体
(2)3つの配位部位を有する化合物を配位子として有する銅錯体
(3)3つの配位部位を有する化合物と2つの配位部位を有する化合物とを配位子として有する銅錯体
(4)4つの配位部位を有する化合物を配位子として有する銅錯体
(5)5つの配位部位を有する化合物を配位子として有する銅錯体
R2~R5は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子または置換基を表し、R2とR3、R4とR5は、それぞれ結合して環を形成していてもよく、
R6およびR7は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、-BRARB、または金属原子を表し、RAおよびRBは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子または置換基を表し、
R6は、R1aまたはR3と、共有結合または配位結合していてもよく、R7は、R1bまたはR5と、共有結合または配位結合していてもよい。
R1aおよびR1bが表すアルキル基の炭素数は、1~40が好ましく、1~30がより好ましく、1~25が更に好ましい。アルキル基は直鎖、分岐、および、環状のいずれでもよく、直鎖または分岐が好ましく、分岐がより好ましい。
R1aおよびR1bが表すアリール基の炭素数は、6~30が好ましく、6~20がより好ましく、6~12が更に好ましい。アリール基は、フェニル基が好ましい。
R1aおよびR1bが表すヘテロアリール基は、単環または縮合環が好ましく、単環または縮合数が2~8の縮合環が好ましく、単環または縮合数が2~4の縮合環がより好ましい。ヘテロアリール基の環を構成するヘテロ原子の数は1~3が好ましい。ヘテロアリール基の環を構成するヘテロ原子は、窒素原子、酸素原子または硫黄原子が好ましい。ヘテロアリール基を構成する炭素原子の数は3~30が好ましく、3~18がより好ましく、3~12が更に好ましく、3~10が特に好ましい。ヘテロアリール基は、5員環または6員環が好ましい。
アルコキシ基の炭素数は、1~40が好ましい。下限は、例えば、3以上がより好ましく、5以上が更に好ましく、8以上が一層好ましく、10以上が特に好ましい。上限は、35以下がより好ましく、30以下が更に好ましい。アルコキシ基は直鎖、分岐、および、環状のいずれでもよく、直鎖または分岐が好ましく、分岐がより好ましい。分岐のアルコキシ基の炭素数は、3~40が好ましい。下限は、例えば、5以上がより好ましく、8以上が更に好ましく、10以上が一層好ましい。上限は、35以下がより好ましく、30以下が更に好ましい。分岐のアルコキシ基の分岐数は、2~10が好ましく、2~8がより好ましい。
Hammettのσp値(シグマパラ値)が正の置換基は、電子吸引性基として作用する。
本発明においては、Hammettのσp値が0.2以上の置換基を電子吸引性基として例示することができる。σp値として好ましくは0.25以上であり、より好ましくは0.3以上であり、更に好ましくは0.35以上である。上限は特に制限はなく、好ましくは0.80である。
電子吸引性基の具体例としては、シアノ基(0.66)、カルボキシル基(-COOH:0.45)、アルコキシカルボニル基(-COOMe:0.45)、アリールオキシカルボニル基(-COOPh:0.44)、カルバモイル基(-CONH2:0.36)、アルキルカルボニル基(-COMe:0.50)、アリールカルボニル基(-COPh:0.43)、アルキルスルホニル基(-SO2Me:0.72)、および、アリールスルホニル基(-SO2Ph:0.68)等が挙げられる。好ましくは、シアノ基である。ここで、Meはメチル基を、Phはフェニル基を表す。
Hammettのσp値については、例えば、特開2009-263614号公報の段落0024~0025を参酌でき、この内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。
R6およびR7は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、-BRARB、または金属原子を表し、-BRARBがより好ましい。
RAおよびRBが表す置換基としては、上述したR2~R5が表す置換基が挙げられる。なかでも、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アリール基、または、ヘテロアリール基が好ましい。
;一般式2
R101およびR102は、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、アラルキル基またはアリール基を表し、
L1は、奇数個のメチンからなるメチン鎖を表し、
aおよびbは、それぞれ独立に、0または1であり、
aが0の場合は、炭素原子と窒素原子とが二重結合で結合し、bが0の場合は、炭素原子と窒素原子とが単結合で結合し、
式中のCyで表される部位がカチオン部である場合、X1はアニオンを表し、cは電荷のバランスを取るために必要な数を表し、式中のCyで表される部位がアニオン部である場合、X1はカチオンを表し、cは電荷のバランスを取るために必要な数を表し、式中の
Cyで表される部位の電荷が分子内で中和されている場合、cは0である。
一般式2において、式中のCyで表される部位がアニオン部である場合、X1はカチオンを表し、cは電荷のバランスを取るために必要な数を表す。カチオンとしては、アルカリ金属イオン(Li+、Na+、K+等)、アルカリ土類金属イオン(Mg2+、Ca2+、Ba2+、Sr2+等)、遷移金属イオン(Ag+、Fe2+、Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+、Zn2+等)、その他の金属イオン(Al3+等)、アンモニウムイオン、トリエチルアンモニウムイオン、トリブチルアンモニウムイオン、ピリジニウムイオン、テトラブチルアンモニウムイオン、グアニジニウムイオン、テトラメチルグアニジニウムイオン、および、ジアザビシクロウンデセニウム等が挙げられる。カチオンとしては、Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Zn2+、または、ジアザビシクロウンデセニウムが好ましい。
一般式2において、式中のCyで表される部位の電荷が分子内で中和されている場合、X1は存在しない。すなわち、cは0である。
L1AおよびL1Bは、それぞれ独立に奇数個のメチン基からなるメチン鎖を表し、
Y1およびY2は、それぞれ独立に-S-、-O-、-NRX1-または-CRX2RX3-を表し、
RX1、RX2およびRX3は、それぞれ独立に水素原子またはアルキル基を表し、
V1A、V2A、V1BおよびV2Bは、それぞれ独立に、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、アラルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、-ORc1、-CORc2、-COORc3、-OCORc4、-NRc5Rc6、-NHCORc7、-CONRc8Rc9、-NHCONRc10Rc11、-NHCOORc12、-SRc13、-SO2Rc14、-SO2ORc15、-NHSO2Rc16または-SO2NRc17Rc18を表し、V1A、V2A、V1BおよびV2Bは、縮合環を形成していてもよく、
Rc1~Rc18は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、アリール基またはヘテロアリール基を表し、
-COORc3のRc3が水素原子の場合および-SO2ORc15のRc15が水素原子の場合は、水素原子が解離しても、塩の状態であってもよく、
m1およびm2は、それぞれ独立に0~4の整数を表し、
式中のCyで表される部位がカチオン部である場合、X1はアニオンを表し、cは電荷のバランスを取るために必要な数を表し、
式中のCyで表される部位がアニオン部である場合、X1はカチオンを表し、cは電荷のバランスを取るために必要な数を表し、
式中のCyで表される部位の電荷が分子内で中和されている場合、X1は存在しない。
また、具体的には、以下の化合物が例示される。
本発明において、スクアリリウム色素は、一般式(1)で表される化合物が好ましい。
A1およびA2が表すアリール基の炭素数は、6~48が好ましく、6~24がより好ましく、6~12が更に好ましい。具体例としては、フェニル基、および、ナフチル基等が挙げられる。なお、アリール基が置換基を有する場合、上記アリール基の炭素数は、置換基の炭素数を除いた数を意味する。
A1およびA2が表すヘテロ環基としては、5員環または6員環が好ましい。また、ヘテロ環基は、単環または縮合環が好ましく、単環または縮合数が2~8の縮合環がより好ましく、単環または縮合数が2~4の縮合環が更に好ましく、単環または縮合数が2または3の縮合環が特に好ましい。ヘテロ環基に含まれるヘテロ原子としては、窒素原子、酸素原子、および、硫黄原子が例示され、窒素原子、または、硫黄原子が好ましい。ヘテロ原子の数は、1~3が好ましく、1~2がより好ましい。具体的には、窒素原子、酸素原子および硫黄原子の少なくとも一つを含有する5員環または6員環等の単環、多環芳香族環から誘導されるヘテロ環基等が挙げられる。
アリール基およびヘテロ環基は、置換基を有していてもよい。置換基としては、例えば、以下に示す置換基T群が挙げられる。
ハロゲン原子、直鎖または分岐のアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、直鎖または分岐のアルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、ヘテロアリール基、シアノ基、ヒドロキシル基、ニトロ基、カルボキシル基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、シリルオキシ基、ヘテロアリールオキシ基、アシルオキシ基、カルバモイルオキシ基、アルコキシカルボニルオキシ基、アリールオキシカルボニルオキシ基、アミノ基、アシルアミノ基、アミノカルボニルアミノ基、アルコキシカルボニルアミノ基、アリールオキシカルボニルアミノ基、スルファモイルアミノ基、アルキルまたはアリールスルホニルアミノ基、メルカプト基、アルキルチオ基、ヘテロアリールチオ基、スルファモイル基、スルホ基、アルキルまたはアリールスルフィニル基、アルキルまたはアリールスルホニル基、アシル基、アリールオキシカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、カルバモイル基、アリールまたはヘテロアリールアゾ基、イミド基、ホスフィノ基、ホスフィニル基、ホスフィニルオキシ基、ホスフィニルアミノ基、および、シリル基が挙げられる。
アルキル基の炭素数は、1~30が好ましく、1~20がより好ましく、1~12が更に好ましく、2~8が特に好ましい。
アルケニル基の炭素数は、2~30が好ましく、2~20がより好ましく、2~12が更に好ましい。
アルキル基およびアルケニル基は、直鎖、分岐、および、環状のいずれでもよく、直鎖または分岐が好ましい。
アラルキル基の炭素数は7~30が好ましく、7~20がより好ましい。
一般式(3)および(4)におけるR12は、置換基を表す。置換基としては、上述した置換基T群で説明した基が挙げられる。
mが2以上の場合、R12同士は、連結して環を形成してもよい。環としては、脂環(非芳香性の炭化水素環)、芳香環、複素環等が挙げられる。環は単環であってもよく、複環であってもよい。置換基同士が連結して環を形成する場合の連結基としては、-CO-、-O-、-NH-、2価の脂肪族基、2価の芳香族基およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選ばれる2価の連結基で連結することができる。例えば、R12同士が連結してベンゼン環を形成することが好ましい。
一般式(3)におけるXは、窒素原子、または、CR13R14を表し、R13およびR14は、それぞれ独立に水素原子または置換基を表す。置換基としては、上述した置換基T群で説明した基が挙げられる。例えば、アルキル基等が挙げられる。アルキル基の炭素数は、1~20が好ましく、1~10がより好ましく、1~5が更に好ましく、1~3が特に好ましく、1が最も好ましい。アルキル基は、直鎖または分岐が好ましく、直鎖が特に好ましい。
mは、0~4の整数を表し、0~2が好ましい。
赤外光吸収層26の製造方法は特に制限されず、例えば、上記赤外光吸収剤を含有する赤外光吸収組成物を所定の基板上に塗布して、必要に応じて、乾燥して形成できる。
赤外光吸収組成物には、上記赤外光吸収剤が含まれ、それ以外に、バインダー(例えば、樹脂、ゼラチン)、重合性化合物、開始剤、または、界面活性剤等が含まれていてもよい。
上記樹脂の重量平均分子量(Mw)は、2,000~2,000,000が好ましい。上限は、1,000,000以下がより好ましく、500,000以下が更に好ましい。下限は、3,000以上がより好ましく、5,000以上が更に好ましい。
また、エポキシ樹脂の場合、エポキシ樹脂の重量平均分子量(Mw)は、100以上が好ましく、200~2,000,000がより好ましい。上限は、1,000,000以下が更に好ましく、500,000以下が特に好ましい。
上記樹脂は、25℃から、20℃/分で昇温した5%熱質量減少温度が、200℃以上であることが好ましく、260℃以上であることがより好ましい。
n個のX2のうち、少なくとも1つが、アルコキシ基、アシルオキシ基およびオキシム基から選択される1種であることが好ましく、n個のX2のうち、少なくとも1つがアルコキシ基であることがより好ましく、X2の全てが、アルコキシ基であることが更に好ましい。なお、X2が、O=C(Ra)(Rb)である場合、カルボニル基(-CO-)の酸素原子の非共有電子対でMと結合する。RaおよびRbは、それぞれ独立に1価の有機基を表す。
他の繰り返し単位を構成する成分としては、特開2010-106268号公報の段落0068~0075(対応する米国特許出願公開第2011/0124824号明細書の<0112>~<0118>)に開示の共重合成分の記載を参酌でき、これらの内容は本願明細書に組み込まれる。
好ましい他の繰り返し単位としては、下記式(MX3-1)~(MX3-4)で表される繰り返し単位が挙げられる。
R5は、式(MX2-1)~(MX2-3)のR1と同義であり、好ましい範囲も同様である。
L4は、式(MX2-1)~(MX2-3)のL1と同義であり、好ましい範囲も同様である。
R10で表されるアルキル基は、直鎖状、分岐状、および、環状のいずれでもよく、環状が好ましい。アルキル基の炭素数は、1~30が好ましく、1~20がより好ましく、1~10が更に好ましい。アルキル基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、上述したものが挙げられる。
R10で表されるアリール基は、単環であっても多環であってもよいが単環が好ましい。アリール基の炭素数は6~18が好ましく、6~12がより好ましく、6が更に好ましい。
R10は、環状のアルキル基またはアリール基が好ましい。
R11およびR12は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基またはアリール基を表す。アルキル基およびアリール基は、R10と同様のものが挙げられる。アルキル基が好ましい。アルキル基は直鎖状が好ましい。アルキル基の炭素数は、1~30が好ましく、1~20がより好ましく、1~10が更に好ましく、1~5が特に好ましい。
上記ポリマーが、他の繰り返し単位(好ましくは式(MX3-1)~(MX3-4)で表される繰り返し単位)を含む場合、式(MX2-1)~(MX2-3)で表される繰り返し単位の合計と、他の繰り返し単位の合計とのモル比は、95:5~20:80であることが好ましく、90:10~30:70であることがより好ましい。式(MX2-1)~(MX2-3)で表される繰り返し単位の含有率を、上記範囲内で高めることで耐湿性および耐溶剤性がより向上する傾向にある。また、式(MX2-1)~(MX2-3)で表される繰り返し単位の含有率を上記範囲内で低くすることで、耐熱性がより向上する傾向にある。
ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂としては、JER827、JER828、JER834、JER1001、JER1002、JER1003、JER1055、JER1007、JER1009、JER1010(以上、ジャパンエポキシレジン(株)製)、EPICLON860、EPICLON1050、EPICLON1051、EPICLON1055(以上、DIC(株)製)等が挙げられる。
ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂としては、JER806、JER807、JER4004、JER4005、JER4007、JER4010(以上、ジャパンエポキシレジン(株)製)、EPICLON830、EPICLON835(以上、DIC(株)製)、LCE-21、RE-602S(以上、日本化薬(株)製)等が挙げられる。
フェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂としては、JER152、JER154、JER157S70、JER157S65(以上、ジャパンエポキシレジン(株)製)、EPICLON N-740、EPICLON N-740、EPICLON N-770、EPICLON N-775(以上、DIC(株)製)等が挙げられる。
クレゾールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂としては、EPICLON N-660、EPICLON N-665、EPICLON N-670、EPICLON N-673、EPICLON N-680、EPICLON N-690、EPICLON N-695(以上、DIC(株)製)、EOCN-1020(以上、日本化薬(株)製)等が挙げられる。
脂肪族エポキシ樹脂としては、ADEKA RESIN EP-4080S、ADEKA RESIN EP-4085S、ADEKA RESIN EP-4088S(以上、(株)ADEKA社製)セロキサイド2021P、セロキサイド2081、セロキサイド2083、セロキサイド2085、EHPE3150、EPOLEAD PB 3600、EPOLEAD PB PB 4700(以上、ダイセル化学工業(株)製)、デナコール EX-212L、EX-214L、EX-216L、EX-321L、EX-850L(以上、ナガセケムテックス(株)製)等が挙げられる。
その他にも、ADEKA RESIN EP-4000S、ADEKA RESIN EP-4003S、ADEKA RESIN EP-4010S、ADEKA RESIN EP-4011S(以上、(株)ADEKA社製)、NC-2000、NC-3000、NC-7300、XD-1000、EPPN-501、EPPN-502(以上、(株)ADEKA社製)、JER1031S(ジャパンエポキシレジン(株)製)等が挙げられる。
重合性基としては、(メタ)アリル基、および、(メタ)アクリロイル基等が挙げられる。重合性基を含有する樹脂としては、ダイヤナ-ルNRシリーズ(三菱レイヨン株式会社製)、Photomer6173(COOH含有 polyurethane acrylic oligomer.Diamond Shamrock Co.Ltd.,製)、ビスコートR-264、KSレジスト106(いずれも大阪有機化学工業株式会社製)、サイクロマーPシリーズ(例えば、ACA230AA)、プラクセル CF200シリーズ(いずれもダイセル化学工業株式会社製)、Ebecryl3800(ダイセルユーシービー株式会社製)、および、アクリキュア-RD-F8(日本触媒社製)等が挙げられる。また、上述したエポキシ樹脂等も挙げられる。
赤外光吸収組成物は、ゼラチンを含有することが好ましい。ゼラチンを含有することにより、耐熱性に優れた赤外光吸収層を形成しやすい。詳細なメカニズムは不明であるが、赤外光吸収剤とゼラチンとで会合体を形成しやすいためであると推測する。特に、赤外光吸収剤としてシアニン化合物を用いた場合、耐熱性に優れた赤外光吸収層を形成しやすい。
赤外光吸収組成物は、樹脂として分散剤を含有することができる。なお、後段で詳述するように、可視光吸収組成物にも、この分散剤が含まれていてもよい。
分散剤としては、高分子分散剤〔例えば、アミン基を有する樹脂(ポリアミドアミンとその塩等)、オリゴイミン系樹脂、ポリカルボン酸とその塩、高分子量不飽和酸エステル、変性ポリウレタン、変性ポリエステル、変性ポリ(メタ)アクリレート、(メタ)アクリル系共重合体、ナフタレンスルホン酸ホルマリン縮合物〕等を挙げることができる。
高分子分散剤は、その構造から更に直鎖状高分子、末端変性型高分子、グラフト型高分子、または、ブロック型高分子に分類することができる。
また、高分子分散剤としては、酸価が60mgKOH/g以上(より好ましくは、酸価60mgKOH/g以上、300mgKOH/g以下)の樹脂も好適に挙げることができる。
ブロック型高分子としては、特開2003-49110号公報、特開2009-52010号公報等に記載のブロック型高分子が好ましい。
式(1)~式(4)において、n、m、pおよびqはそれぞれ1から500の整数である。
また、式(1)および式(2)において、jおよびkは、それぞれ独立に、2~8の整数を表す。式(1)および式(2)におけるjおよびkは、分散安定性、現像性の観点から、4~6の整数が好ましく、5がより好ましい。
W1、W2、W3、および、W4はそれぞれ独立に酸素原子またはNHを表し、酸素原子が好ましい。
R3は、分岐若しくは直鎖のアルキレン基(炭素数は1~10が好ましく、2または3がより好ましい)を表し、分散安定性の観点から、-CH2-CH(CH3)-で表される基、または、-CH(CH3)-CH2-で表される基が好ましい。
Y1、Y2、Y3、および、Y4はそれぞれ独立に2価の連結基であり、特に構造上制約されない。
上記グラフト共重合体については、特開2012-255128号公報の段落番号0025~0069の記載を参酌でき、本明細書には上記内容が組み込まれる。
上記グラフト共重合体の具体例としては、例えば、以下が挙げられる。また、特開2012-255128号公報の段落番号0072~0094に記載の樹脂を用いることができる。
オリゴイミン系分散剤は、例えば、下記式(I-1)で表される構造単位と、式(I-2)で表される構造単位、および/または、式(I-2a)で表される構造単位を含む分散剤等が挙げられる。
R8およびR9はR1と同義の基である。
Lは単結合、アルキレン基(炭素数1~6が好ましい)、アルケニレン基(炭素数2~6が好ましい)、アリーレン基(炭素数6~24が好ましい)、ヘテロアリーレン基(炭素数1~6が好ましい)、イミノ基(炭素数0~6が好ましい)、エーテル基、チオエーテル基、カルボニル基、またはこれらの組合せに係る連結基である。なかでも、単結合もしくは-CR5R6-NR7-(イミノ基がXもしくはYの方になる)であることが好ましい。ここで、R5およびR6はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、または、アルキル基(炭素数1~6が好ましい)を表す。R7は水素原子または炭素数1~6のアルキル基である。
LaはCR8CR9とN原子とともに環構造形成する構造部位であり、CR8CR9の炭素原子と合わせて炭素数3~7の非芳香族複素環を形成する構造部位であることが好ましい。より好ましくは、CR8CR9の炭素原子およびN原子(窒素原子)を合わせて5~7員の非芳香族複素環を形成する構造部位であり、更に好ましくは5員の非芳香族複素環を形成する構造部位であり、ピロリジンを形成する構造部位であることが特に好ましい。この構造部位は更にアルキル基等の置換基を有していてもよい。
XはpKa14以下の官能基を有する基を表す。
Yは原子数40~10,000の側鎖を表す。
上記分散剤(オリゴイミン系分散剤)は、更に式(I-3)、式(I-4)、および、式(I-5)で表される構造単位から選ばれる1種以上を共重合成分として含有していてもよい。上記分散剤が、このような構造単位を含むことで、分散性能を更に向上させることができる。
Yaはアニオン基を有する原子数40~10,000の側鎖を表す。式(I-3)で表される構造単位は、主鎖部に一級または二級アミノ基を有する樹脂に、アミンと反応して塩を形成する基を有するオリゴマーまたはポリマーを添加して反応させることで形成することが可能である。
オリゴイミン系分散剤の具体例としては、例えば、以下が挙げられる。また、特開2012-255128号公報の段落番号0168~0174に記載の樹脂を用いることができる。
赤外光吸収組成物は、重合性化合物を含有することが好ましい。
重合性化合物としては、少なくとも1個のエチレン性不飽和二重結合を有する付加重合性化合物を使用することが好ましく、末端エチレン性不飽和結合を少なくとも1個、好ましくは2個以上有する化合物を使用することがより好ましい。このような化合物は本技術分野において広く知られるものであり、本発明においてはこれらを特に限定無く用いることができる。
下記一般式(MO-1)~(MO-5)で表される、ラジカル重合性化合物も好適に用いることができる。なお、式中、Tがオキシアルキレン基の場合には、炭素原子側の末端がRに結合する。
上記一般式(MO-1)~(MO-5)で表されるラジカル重合性化合物のそれぞれにおいて、複数のRの内の少なくとも1つは、-OC(=O)CH=CH2、または、-OC(=O)C(CH3)=CH2で表される基を表す。
上記一般式(MO-1)~(MO-5)で表される、ラジカル重合性化合物の具体例としては、特開2007-269779号公報の段落0248~0251に記載されている化合物を本発明においても好適に用いることができる。
また、特開平10-62986号公報において一般式(1)および(2)の具体例と共に記載の、多官能アルコールにエチレンオキサイドやプロピレンオキサイドを付加させた後に(メタ)アクリレート化した化合物も、重合性化合物として用いることができる。
エチレン性化合物が、上記のように混合物である場合、未反応のカルボキシル基を有するものであれば、これをそのまま利用することができ、必要において、上述のエチレン性化合物のヒドロキシル基に非芳香族カルボン酸無水物を反応させて酸基を導入してもよい。この場合、使用される非芳香族カルボン酸無水物の具体例としては、無水テトラヒドロフタル酸、アルキル化無水テトラヒドロフタル酸、無水ヘキサヒドロフタル酸、アルキル化無水ヘキサヒドロフタル酸、無水コハク酸、および、無水マレイン酸が挙げられる。
酸基を有する多官能モノマーの好ましい酸価としては、0.1~40mgKOH/gであり、より好ましくは5~30mgKOH/gである。多官能モノマーの酸価が低すぎると現像溶解特性が落ち、高すぎると製造や取扱いが困難になり光重合性能が落ち、画素の表面平滑性等の硬化性が劣るものとなる。従って、異なる酸基の多官能モノマーを2種以上併用する場合、或いは酸基を有しない多官能モノマーを併用する場合、全体の多官能モノマーとしての酸基が上記範囲に入るように調整することが好ましい。
カプロラクトン構造を有する多官能性単量体としては、その分子内にカプロラクトン構造を有する限り特に限定されず、例えば、トリメチロールエタン、ジトリメチロールエタン、トリメチロールプロパン、ジトリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリスリトール、ジペンタエリスリトール、トリペンタエリスリトール、グリセリン、ジグリセロール、および、トリメチロールメラミン等の多価アルコールと、(メタ)アクリル酸およびε-カプロラクトンをエステル化することにより得られる、ε-カプロラクトン変性多官能(メタ)アクリレートを挙げることができる。
一般式(i)中、アクリロイル基およびメタクリロイル基の合計は3個または4個であり、mはそれぞれ独立に0~10の整数を表し、各mの合計は0~40の整数である。但し、各mの合計が0の場合、Xのうちいずれか1つはカルボキシル基である。
一般式(ii)中、アクリロイル基およびメタクリロイル基の合計は5個または6個であり、nはそれぞれ独立に0~10の整数を表し、各nの合計は0~60の整数である。但し、各nの合計が0の場合、Xのうちいずれか1つはカルボキシル基である。
一般式(ii)中、nは、0~6の整数が好ましく、0~4の整数がより好ましい。また、各nの合計は、3~60の整数が好ましく、3~24の整数がより好ましく、6~12の整数が更に好ましい。
また、一般式(i)または一般式(ii)中の-((CH2)yCH2O)-または-((CH2)yCH(CH3)O)-は、酸素原子側の末端がXに結合する形態が好ましい。
一般式(i)または(ii)で表される化合物は1種単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上併用してもよい。特に、一般式(ii)において、6個のX全てがアクリロイル基である形態が好ましい。
また、一般式(i)または(ii)で表される化合物の重合性化合物中における全含有量としては、20質量%以上が好ましく、50質量%以上がより好ましい。
一般式(i)または(ii)で表される重合性化合物の市販品としては、例えば、サートマー社製のエチレンオキシ鎖を4個有する4官能アクリレートであるSR-494、日本化薬株式会社製のペンチレンオキシ鎖を6個有する6官能アクリレートであるDPCA-60、イソブチレンオキシ鎖を3個有する3官能アクリレートであるTPA-330等が挙げられる。
重合性化合物の市販品としては、ウレタンオリゴマーUAS-10、UAB-140(山陽国策パルプ社製)、U-4HA、U-6LPA、UA-32P、U-10HA、U-10PA、UA-122P、UA-1100H、UA-7200(新中村化学工業社製)、DPHA-40H(日本化薬社製)、UA-306H、UA-306T、UA-306I、AH-600、T-600、AI-600(共栄社製)、UA-9050、UA-9048(BASF社製)等が挙げられる。
以下、重合性化合物の具体例を挙げるが、これに限定されない。
シリル化合物は、支持体との相互作用性、相溶性を向上する観点から、下記一般式(a)で表される化合物(以下、「特定シリル化合物」とも称する)であることが好ましい。
なお、一般式(a)中、X、Y1、Y2、およびY3は、重合性基(例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル基、(メタ)アクリルアミド基、スチリル基等)を有してもよい。
上記シリル化合物としては、例えば、特開2009-242604号公報の段落0056~0066中における重合性基を有するシリル化合物が挙げられる。
重合性化合物としては、特許第4176717号明細書の段落0024~0031(US2005/0261406Aの段落0027~0033)に記載のチオ(メタ)アクリレート化合物も使用でき、これらの内容が援用でき、本願明細書に組み込まれる。
赤外光吸収組成物は、重合開始剤を含有してもよい。重合開始剤としては、熱重合開始剤または光重合開始剤が挙げられ、光重合開始剤が好ましい。以下、主に、光重合開始剤について詳述する。
また、光重合開始剤は、約300~800nm(330~500nmがより好ましい。)の範囲内に少なくとも約50のモル吸光係数を有する化合物を、少なくとも1種含有していることが好ましい。
光重合開始剤の具体例としては、例えば、特開2013-29760号公報の段落0265~0268を参酌することができ、この内容は本願明細書に組み込まれる。
ヒドロキシアセトフェノン系開始剤としては、IRGACURE-184、DAROCUR-1173、IRGACURE-500、IRGACURE-2959、IRGACURE-127(商品名:いずれもBASF社製)を用いることができる。
アミノアセトフェノン系開始剤としては、市販品であるIRGACURE-907、IRGACURE-369、および、IRGACURE-379EG(商品名:いずれもBASF社製)を用いることができる。アミノアセトフェノン系開始剤は、365nmまたは405nm等の長波光源に吸収波長がマッチングされた特開2009-191179公報に記載の化合物も用いることができる。
アシルホスフィン系開始剤としては、市販品であるIRGACURE-819およびDAROCUR-TPO(商品名:いずれもBASF社製)を用いることができる。
オキシム化合物の具体例としては、特開2001-233842号公報記載の化合物、特開2000-80068号公報記載の化合物、および、特開2006-342166号公報記載の化合物を用いることができる。
本発明において、好適に用いることのできるオキシム化合物としては、例えば、3-ベンゾイロキシイミノブタン-2-オン、3-アセトキシイミノブタン-2-オン、3-プロピオニルオキシイミノブタン-2-オン、2-アセトキシイミノペンタン-3-オン、2-アセトキシイミノ-1-フェニルプロパン-1-オン、2-ベンゾイロキシイミノ-1-フェニルプロパン-1-オン、3-(4-トルエンスルホニルオキシ)イミノブタン-2-オン、および、2-エトキシカルボニルオキシイミノ-1-フェニルプロパン-1-オン等が挙げられる。
また、J.C.S.Perkin II(1979年)pp.1653-1660、J.C.S.PerkinII(1979年)pp.156-162、Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology(1995年)pp.202-232、特開2000-66385号公報記載の化合物、特開2000-80068号公報、特表2004-534797号公報、特開2006-342166号公報の各公報に記載の化合物等も挙げられる。
市販品ではIRGACURE-OXE01(BASF社製)、IRGACURE-OXE02(BASF社製)も好適に用いられる。
好ましくは、例えば、特開2013-29760号公報の段落0274~0275を参酌することができ、この内容は本願明細書に組み込まれる。
具体的には、オキシム化合物としては、下記式(OX-1)で表される化合物が好ましい。なお、オキシムのN-O結合が(E)体のオキシム化合物であっても、(Z)体のオキシム化合物であっても、(E)体と(Z)体との混合物であってもよい。
一般式(OX-1)中、Rで表される一価の置換基としては、一価の非金属原子団であることが好ましい。
一価の非金属原子団としては、アルキル基、アリール基、アシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アリールオキシカルボニル基、複素環基、アルキルチオカルボニル基、および、アリールチオカルボニル基等が挙げられる。また、これらの基は、1以上の置換基を有していてもよい。また、前述した置換基は、更に他の置換基で置換されていてもよい。
置換基としてはハロゲン原子、アリールオキシ基、アルコキシカルボニル基またはアリールオキシカルボニル基、アシルオキシ基、アシル基、アルキル基、および、アリール基等が挙げられる。
一般式(OX-1)中、Bで表される一価の置換基としては、アリール基、複素環基、アリールカルボニル基、または、複素環カルボニル基が好ましい。これらの基は1以上の置換基を有していてもよい。置換基としては、前述した置換基が例示できる。
一般式(OX-1)中、Aで表される二価の有機基としては、炭素数1~12のアルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、または、アルキニレン基が好ましい。これらの基は1以上の置換基を有していてもよい。置換基としては、前述した置換基が例示できる。
本発明において、オキシム化合物は、ニトロ基を有するオキシム化合物を用いることも可能である。ニトロ基を有するオキシム化合物の具体例としては、特開2013-114249号公報の段落0031~0047、特開2014-137466号公報の段落0008~0012、0070~0079に記載されている化合物、および、アデカアークルズNCI-831(ADEKA社製)が挙げられる。
式(1)および式(2)で表される化合物の具体例としては、例えば、特開2014-137466号公報の段落番号0076~0079に記載された化合物が挙げられる。この内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。
オキシム化合物は、365nmまたは405nmにおけるモル吸光係数は、感度の観点から、1,000~300,000であることが好ましく、2,000~300,000であることがより好ましく、5,000~200,000であることが更に好ましい。
化合物のモル吸光係数は、公知の方法を用いることができるが、例えば、紫外可視分光光度計(Varian社製Cary-5 spctrophotometer)にて、酢酸エチル溶媒を用い、0.01g/Lの濃度で測定することが好ましい。
本発明に用いられる光重合開始剤は、必要に応じて2種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。
赤外光吸収組成物は溶剤を含有してもよい。溶剤は、特に制限はなく、赤外光吸収組成物の各成分を均一に溶解或いは分散しうるものであれば、目的に応じて適宜選択することができる。例えば、水、または、有機溶剤を用いることができ、有機溶剤が好ましい。
有機溶剤としては、例えば、アルコール類(例えばメタノール)、ケトン類、エステル類、エーテル類、芳香族炭化水素類、ハロゲン化炭化水素類、およびジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルスルホオキサイド、および、スルホラン等が好適に挙げられる。これらは、1種単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。2種以上の溶剤を併用する場合、3-エトキシプロピオン酸メチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸エチル、エチルセロソルブアセテート、乳酸エチル、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、酢酸ブチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸メチル、2-ヘプタノン、シクロヘキサノン、エチルカルビトールアセテート、ブチルカルビトールアセテート、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、およびプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテートから選択される2種以上で構成される混合溶液が好ましい。
アルコール類、芳香族炭化水素類、および、ハロゲン化炭化水素類の具体例としては、特開2012-194534号公報の段落0136等に記載のものが挙げられ、この内容は本願明細書に組み込まれる。また、エステル類、ケトン類、および、エーテル類の具体例としては、特開2012-208494号公報の段落0497(対応する米国特許出願公開第2012/0235099号明細書の<0609>)に記載のものが挙げられ、更に、酢酸-n-アミル、プロピオン酸エチル、フタル酸ジメチル、安息香酸エチル、硫酸メチル、アセトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、ジエチルエーテル、および、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート等が挙げられる。
赤外光吸収組成物中における溶剤の量は、固形分が10~90質量%となる量が好ましい。下限は、20質量%以上が好ましい。上限は、80質量%以下が好ましい。
赤外光吸収組成物は、塗布性をより向上させる観点から、各種の界面活性剤を含有してもよい。
界面活性剤としては、フッ素系界面活性剤、ノニオン系界面活性剤、カチオン系界面活性剤、アニオン系界面活性剤、および、シリコーン系界面活性剤等の各種界面活性剤を使用できる。
即ち、フッ素系界面活性剤を含有する組成物を適用した塗布液を用いて膜形成する場合、被塗布面と塗布液との界面張力が低下して、被塗布面への濡れ性が改善され、被塗布面への塗布性が向上する。このため、厚みムラの小さい均一厚の膜形成をより好適に行うことができる。
フッ素系界面活性剤として具体的には、特開2014-41318号公報の段落0060~0064(対応する国際公開第2014/17669号パンフレットの段落0060~0064)等に記載の界面活性剤が挙げられ、これらの内容は本願明細書に組み込まれる。フッ素系界面活性剤の市販品としては、例えば、メガファック F-171、メガファック F-172、メガファック F-173、メガファック F-176、メガファック F-177、メガファック F-141、メガファック F-142、メガファック F-143、メガファック F-144、メガファック R30、メガファック F-437、メガファック F-475、メガファック F-479、メガファック F-482、メガファック F-554、メガファック F-780(以上、DIC(株)製)、フロラードFC430、フロラードFC431、フロラードFC171(以上、住友スリーエム(株)製)、サーフロンS-382、サーフロンSC-101、サーフロンSC-103、サーフロンSC-104、サーフロンSC-105、サーフロンSC1068、サーフロンSC-381、サーフロンSC-383、サーフロンS393、サーフロンKH-40(以上、旭硝子(株)製)等が挙げられる。
また、下記化合物も本発明で用いられるフッ素系界面活性剤として例示される。
また、エチレン性不飽和基を側鎖に有する含フッ素重合体をフッ素系界面活性剤として用いることもできる。具体例としては、特開2010-164965号公報の段落0050~0090および段落0289~0295に記載された化合物、例えばDIC社製のメガファックRS-101、RS-102、RS-718K等が挙げられる。
界面活性剤の含有量は、組成物の全固形分に対して、0.001~2.0質量%が好ましく0.005~1.0質量%がより好ましい。
乾燥条件としては、各成分、溶剤の種類、および、使用割合等によっても異なるが、60℃~150℃の温度で30秒間~15分間程度である。
赤外光吸収層の形成方法において、その他の工程を含んでいてもよい。その他の工程としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができる。例えば、前加熱工程(プリベーク工程)、硬化処理工程、および、後加熱工程(ポストベーク工程)等が挙げられる。
上記硬化処理工程としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、全面露光処理、および、全面加熱処理等が好適に挙げられる。ここで、本発明において「露光」とは、各種波長の光のみならず、電子線、X線等の放射線照射をも包含する意味で用いられる。
露光は放射線の照射により行うことが好ましく、露光に際して用いることができる放射線としては、特に、電子線、KrF、ArF、g線、h線、および、i線等の紫外線または可視光が好ましく用いられる。
露光方式としては、ステッパー露光、または、高圧水銀灯による露光等が挙げられる。
露光量は5~3000mJ/cm2が好ましく、10~2000mJ/cm2がより好ましく、50~1000mJ/cm2が特に好ましい。
全面露光処理の方法としては、例えば、形成された上記膜の全面を露光する方法が挙げられる。赤外光吸収組成物が重合性化合物を含有する場合、全面露光により、膜中の重合成分の硬化が促進され、上記膜の硬化が更に進行し、赤外光吸収層の耐溶剤性および耐熱性が向上する。
上記全面露光を行う装置としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、超高圧水銀灯等のUV(紫外光)露光機が好適に挙げられる。
また、全面加熱処理の方法としては、形成された上記膜の全面を加熱する方法が挙げられる。全面加熱により、赤外光吸収層の耐溶剤性や耐熱性が向上する。
全面加熱における加熱温度は、120~250℃が好ましく、160~220℃がより好ましい。加熱温度が120℃以上であれば、加熱処理によって膜強度が向上し、250℃以下であれば、膜成分の分解を抑制できる。
全面加熱における加熱時間は、3~180分が好ましく、5~120分がより好ましい。
全面加熱を行う装置としては特に制限はなく、公知の装置の中から、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、ドライオーブン、および、ホットプレート等が挙げられる。
図9は、本発明の積層体の第5実施態様の断面図を示す。
図9に示すように、積層体400は、可視光吸収層28と、第1反射層12c~12dと、第2反射層14c~14dとを有する。
第5実施態様の積層体400は、可視光吸収層28を有する点、並びに、第1反射層12a~12bおよび第2反射層14a~14bを有さない点以外は、上述した第1実施態様の積層体10と同様の部材を有し、同一の部材には同一の符号を付してその説明を省略し、以下では主に可視光吸収層28の態様について詳述する。
可視光吸収層28は、可視光を吸収する層である。可視光吸収層28が含まれることにより、積層体において、所定の可視光域の光を遮断(遮蔽)することができる。そのため、この層を積層体中に配置することにより、可視光域を反射させるために配置されている複数層の反射層(第1反射層12a~12bおよび第2反射層14a~14b)を除くことができ、結果として積層体の薄膜化を達成できる。
なお、可視光吸収層28は、少なくとも可視光域の光を吸収する層であり、それ以外の波長領域(例えば、紫外光域、赤外光域)の光を吸収してもよい。
可視光吸収層28は、図9においては、最も光入射側に配置されているがこの態様には限定されず、例えば、最も光入射側から遠い位置に配置されていてもよく、反射層同士の間に配置されていてもよい。
可視光吸収層28には、着色剤(染料および顔料)が含まれることが好ましく、着色剤としては、いわゆるR(赤)、G(緑)、または、B(青)のカラーフィルタを製造する際に用いられる公知の着色剤が挙げられる。より具体的には、可視光吸収層28には、有彩色着色剤または有機系黒色着色剤が含まれることが好ましい。
本発明において、有彩色着色剤は、赤色着色剤、緑色着色剤、青色着色剤、黄色着色剤、紫色着色剤およびオレンジ色着色剤から選ばれる着色剤であることが好ましい。
顔料の平均粒径(r)は、好ましくは20nm≦r≦300nm、より好ましくは25nm≦r≦250nm、更に好ましくは30nm≦r≦200nmを満たす。ここでいう「平均粒径」とは、顔料の一次粒子が集合した二次粒子についての平均粒径を意味する。
また、使用しうる顔料の二次粒子の粒径分布(以下、単に「粒径分布」ともいう。)は、(平均粒径±100)nmに入る二次粒子が全体の70質量%以上であることが好ましく、80質量%以上であることがより好ましい。なお、二次粒子の粒径分布は、散乱強度分布を用いて測定することができる。
カラーインデックス(C.I.)Pigment Yellow 1,2,3,4,5,6,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,20,24,31,32,34,35,35:1,36,36:1,37,37:1,40,42,43,53,55,60,61,62,63,65,73,74,77,81,83,86,93,94,95,97,98,100,101,104,106,108,109,110,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,123,125,126,127,128,129,137,138,139,147,148,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,161,162,164,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,179,180,181,182,185,187,188,193,194,199,213,214等(以上、黄色顔料)、
C.I.Pigment Orange 2,5,13,16,17:1,31,34,36,38,43,46,48,49,51,52,55,59,60,61,62,64,71,73等(以上、オレンジ色顔料)、
C.I.Pigment Red 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,14,17,22,23,31,38,41,48:1,48:2,48:3,48:4,49,49:1,49:2,52:1,52:2,53:1,57:1,60:1,63:1,66,67,81:1,81:2,81:3,83,88,90,105,112,119,122,123,144,146,149,150,155,166,168,169,170,171,172,175,176,177,178,179,184,185,187,188,190,200,202,206,207,208,209,210,216,220,224,226,242,246,254,255,264,270,272,279等(以上、赤色顔料)、
C.I.Pigment Green 7,10,36,37,58,59等(以上、緑色顔料)、
C.I.Pigment Violet 1,19,23,27,32,37,42等(以上、紫色顔料)、
C.I.Pigment Blue 1,2,15,15:1,15:2,15:3,15:4,15:6,16,22,60,64,66,79,80等(以上、青色顔料)、
これら有機顔料は、単独若しくは種々組合せて用いることができる。
その他、直接染料、塩基性染料、媒染染料、酸性媒染染料、アゾイック染料、分散染料、油溶染料、食品染料、および/または、これらの誘導体等も有用に使用することができる。
acid alizarin violet N、
acid blue 1,7,9,15,18,23,25,27,29,40~45,62,70,74,80,83,86,87,90,92,103,112,113,120,129,138,147,158,171,182,192,243,324:1、
acid chrome violet K、
acid Fuchsin;acid green 1,3,5,9,16,25,27,50、
acid orange 6,7,8,10,12,50,51,52,56,63,74,95、
acid red 1,4,8,14,17,18,26,27,29,31,34,35,37,42,44,50,51,52,57,66,73,80,87,88,91,92,94,97,103,111,114,129,133,134,138,143,145,150,151,158,176,183,198,211,215,216,217,249,252,257,260,266,274、
acid violet 6B,7,9,17,19、
acid yellow 1,3,7,9,11,17,23,25,29,34,36,42,54,72,73,76,79,98,99,111,112,114,116,184,243、
Food Yellow 3
更に、顔料と染料を組み合わせて使用してもよい。
本発明において、有機系黒色着色剤としては、例えば、ビスベンゾフラノン化合物、アゾメチン化合物、ペリレン化合物、および、アゾ系化合物等が挙げられ、ビスベンゾフラノン化合物、または、ペリレン化合物が好ましい。
ビスベンゾフラノン化合物としては、特表2010-534726号公報、特表2012-515233号公報、および、特表2012-515234号公報等に記載のものが挙げられ、例えば、BASF社製の「Irgaphor Black」として入手可能である。
ペリレン化合物としては、C.I.Pigment Black 31、32等が挙げられる。
アゾメチン化合物としては、特開平1-170601号公報、特開平2-34664号公報等に記載のものが挙げられ、例えば、大日精化社製の「クロモファインブラックA1103」として入手できる。
また、各積層体には、更に、紫外赤外光反射膜や、紫外線吸収層を有していてもよい。紫外赤外光反射膜を有することで、入射角依存性を改良する効果が得られる。紫外赤外光反射膜としては、例えば、特開2013-68688号公報の段落0033~0039、WO2015/099060Aの段落0110~0114に記載の反射層を参酌することができ、この内容は本願明細書に組み込まれる。紫外線吸収層を有することで、紫外線遮蔽性に優れた近赤外線カットフィルタとすることができる。紫外線吸収層としては、例えば、WO2015/099060Aの段落0040~0070、0119~0145に記載の吸収層を参酌でき、この内容は本願明細書に組み込まれる。
上記積層体は、種々の用途に適用することができ、例えば、近接センサー等の近赤外線を用いた光学センサー用のフィルター、および、近接センサー等の光学センサーの機能とイメージセンサーの機能を併せ持つ固体撮像素子用のフィルター等が挙げられる。
また、上記積層体と、積層体の第1透過帯域内に位置するピーク波長を有する光を発光する光源と組み合わせて、光学センサーを製造してもよい。例えば、上記積層体の透過帯域が赤外光領域である場合、赤外光を発光する光源を使用することが好ましい。
なお、積層体中に第2透過帯域がある場合、積層体の第2透過帯域内に位置するピーク波長を有する光を発光する光源を更に組み合わせてもよい。
下記化合物1、化合物2、化合物3、フッ素系水平配向剤、右旋回性キラル剤、重合開始剤、および、シクロヘキサノンを混合し、下記組成の塗布液を調製した。得られた塗布液を、コレステリック液晶性混合物である塗布液(R450)とした。
・化合物1 83質量部
・化合物2 15質量部
・化合物3 2質量部
・フッ素系水平配向剤1 0.1質量部
・右旋回性キラル剤LC756(BASF社製) 7.2質量部
・重合開始剤IRGACURE OXE01(BASF社製) 4質量部
・溶媒(シクロヘキサノン) 溶質濃度が40質量%となる量
化合物1、化合物2、化合物3、フッ素系水平配向剤、左旋回性キラル剤、重合開始剤、および、シクロヘキサノンを混合し、下記組成の塗布液を調製した。得られた塗布液を、コレステリック液晶性混合物である塗布液(L450)とした。なお、以下の式中「Bu」はブチル基を表す。
・化合物1 83質量部
・化合物2 15質量部
・化合物3 2質量部
・フッ素系水平配向剤1 0.1質量部
・左旋回性キラル剤(A) 11.2質量部
・重合開始剤IRGACURE OXE01(BASF社製) 4質量部
・溶媒(シクロヘキサノン) 溶質濃度が40質量%となる量
各キラル剤の量を下記表に従って変えた以外は、コレステリック液晶性混合物(塗布液(R450)、(L450))の調製と同様にして、下記のコレステリック液晶性混合物(塗布液(R400)~(R1100)、塗布液(L400)~(L1100))を調製した。
化合物2-11、フッ素系水平配向剤、キラル剤、重合開始剤、および、溶媒を混合し、下記組成の塗布液(R1)を調製した。なお、以下の化合物2-11の屈折率異方性Δnは、0.375であった。
・化合物2-11 100質量部
・フッ素系水平配向剤1 0.1質量部
・フッ素系水平配向剤2 0.007質量部
・右旋回性キラル剤LC756(BASF社製) 2.2質量部
・重合開始剤:アデカクルーズNCI-831(ADEKA社製)4質量部
・溶媒(シクロヘキサノン) 溶質濃度が40質量%となる量
化合物2-11、フッ素系水平配向剤、キラル剤、重合開始剤、および、溶媒を混合し、下記組成の塗布液(L1)を調製した。
・化合物2-11 100質量部
・フッ素系水平配向剤1 0.1質量部
・フッ素系水平配向剤2 0.007質量部
・下記左旋回性キラル剤(A) 3.3質量部
・重合開始剤:アデカクルーズNCI-831(ADEKA社製)4質量部
・溶媒(シクロヘキサノン) 溶質濃度が40質量%となる量
下記成分を混合して、下地層用組成物1を調製した。
・サイクロマーP(ダイセル化学) 20.3質量部
・含フッ素系界面活性剤 0.8質量部
・プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル 78.9質量部
上記で調製した下地層用組成物1を、ガラス基板上に、スピンコーター(ミカサ(株)社製)を用いて0.1μmとなるように塗布し、塗膜を形成した。次いで、塗膜を有するガラス基板に対して、100℃にて120秒間の前加熱(プリベーク)を行った。次いで、塗膜を有するガラス基板に対して、220℃にて300秒間の後加熱(ポストベーク)を行い、下地層1を得た。
上記処理により、ガラス基板上にはコレステリック液晶相を2層固定してなるコレステリック液晶積層体(FRL-450)が作製された。作製したコレステリック液晶積層体(FRL-450)は顕著な欠陥およびスジがなく面状は良好であった。
次に、コレステリック液晶積層体(FRL-450)のヘイズ値をヘイズメーターにより測定したところ、3回測定した平均値が0.3(%)であった。
更に、塗布液(R450)、塗布液(L450)に用いたキラル剤のHTPを次式に従って算出した結果、それぞれ、54μm-1、35μm-1となり、どちらもHTPは30μm-1以上であった。
塗布液(R450~R1050、L450~L1050)に用いたキラル剤に関しても同様にHTPを算出した結果、HTPは30μm-1以上であった。
式:HTP=1÷{(螺旋ピッチ長(μm))×(固形分中のキラル剤の質量%濃度)}(但し、螺旋ピッチ長(μm)は(選択反射波長(μm))÷(固形分の平均屈折率)で算出され、固形分の平均屈折率は1.5と仮定して算出した。)
右旋回性のキラル剤を含有するコレステリック液晶フィルム(FR400)、(FR500)、(FR550)、(FR600)、(FR650)、(FR700)、(FR750)、(FR800)、(FR850)、(FR900)、(FR950)、(FR1000)、(FR1050)、および、(FR1100)の選択反射波長は、左旋回性のキラル剤を含有するコレステリック液晶フィルム(FL400)、(FL500)、(FL550)、(FL600)、(FL650)、(FL700)、(FL750)、(FL800)、(FL850)、(FL900)、(FL950)、(FL1000)、(FL1050)、および、(FL1100)の選択反射波長とそれぞれ互いに等しかった。なお、各フィルムの選択反射波長は、上記( )中の数値(nm)に該当し、例えば、コレステリック液晶フィルム(FR550)の選択反射波長は550nmである。
また、塗布液(L450)の代わりに塗布液(L1)を用いた以外はコレステリック液晶フィルム(FL450)を作製した方法と同様の方法で、コレステリック液晶フィルム(FL1)を作製した。
(FR1)および(FL1)の反射波長帯域はいずれも960nm~1140nmであり、(FR1100)および(FL1100)に対して広い反射波長帯域を示した。
次に、コレステリック液晶積層体(FRL-450)と同様にして、塗布液(R1)および塗布液(L1)を組み合わせて、コレステリック液晶積層体(FRL-1)を作製した。作製した積層体のヘイズ値をヘイズメーターにより測定したところ、いずれも3回測定した平均値が0.3(%)であった。
下記組成の混合液を、0.3mm径のジルコニアビーズを使用して、ビーズミル(減圧機構付き高圧分散機NANO-3000-10(日本ビーイーイー(株)製))で、IR(赤外光)着色剤が表2に示す平均粒径となるまで、混合、分散して、顔料分散液を調製した。表には、該当する成分の使用量(単位:質量部)を示す。
顔料分散液中の顔料の平均粒径は、日機装(株)製のMICROTRAC UPA150を用いて、体積基準で測定した。
下記組成の混合液を、0.3mm径のジルコニアビーズを使用して、ビーズミル(減圧機構付き高圧分散機NANO-3000-10(日本ビーイーイー(株)製))で、3時間混合、分散して、顔料分散液を調製した。表には、該当する成分の使用量(単位:質量部)を示す。
・ジケトピロロピロール顔料1:下記構造(特開2009-263614号公報に記載の方法で合成した)(波長800~900nmの範囲に吸収極大を有する着色剤)
・PR254 : C.I.Pigment Red 254
・PB15:6 : C.I.Pigment Blue 15:6
・PY139 : Pigment Yellow 139
・PV23 : Pigment Violet 23
・分散樹脂1:BYK-111(BYK社製)
・分散樹脂2:下記構造(Mw:7950)
下記表に示す成分を下記表に示す割合(単位は質量部)で混合して、可視光吸収組成物Aを調製した。
・有機溶剤1:プロピレングリコールメチルエーテルアセテート
可視光吸収組成物Aをガラス基板上にスピンコートし、ポストベーク後の膜厚が3.0μmとなるように塗布し、100℃にて120秒間ホットプレートで乾燥した。乾燥後、更に、200℃のホットプレートを用いて300秒間加熱処理(ポストベーク)を行った。
紫外可視近赤外分光光度計(日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製 U-4100)の分光光度計(ref.ガラス基板)を用いて、得られた可視光吸収層Aを有する基板の波長400~1100nmの範囲における透過率を測定した。
下記組成の混合液を、0.3mm径のジルコニアビーズを使用して、ビーズミル(減圧機構付き高圧分散機NANO-3000-10(日本ビーイーイー(株)製))で、3時間、混合、分散して、顔料分散液B-1を調製した。
・赤色顔料(C.I.Pigment Red 254)および黄色顔料(C.I.Pigment Yellow 139)からなる混合顔料
11.8質量部
・分散剤:BYK社製 BYK-111 9.1質量部
・有機溶剤:プロピレングリコールメチルエーテルアセテート
79.1質量部
下記組成の混合液を、0.3mm径のジルコニアビーズを使用して、ビーズミル(減圧機構付き高圧分散機NANO-3000-10(日本ビーイーイー(株)製))で、3時間、混合、分散して、顔料分散液B-2を調製した。
・青色顔料(C.I.Pigment Blue 15:6)および紫色顔料(C.I.Pigment Violet 23)からなる混合顔料
12.6質量部
・分散剤:BYK社製 BYK-111 2.0質量部
・下記分散樹脂4 3.3質量部
・有機溶剤:シクロヘキサノン 31.2質量部
・有機溶剤:プロピレングリコールメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA)
50.9質量部
分散樹脂4として、以下に示す化合物(繰り返し単位における比はモル比である)を使用した。
下記の成分を混合して、可視光吸収組成物Bを調製した。
・顔料分散液B-1 46.5質量部
・顔料分散液B-2 37.1質量部
・上記アルカリ可溶性樹脂1 1.1質量部
・下記重合性化合物2 1.8質量部
・下記重合性化合物3 0.6質量部
・光重合開始剤:下記重合開始剤2 0.9質量部
・上記界面活性剤1 4.2質量部
・重合禁止剤:p-メトキシフェノール 0.001質量部
・有機溶剤1:PGMEA 7.8質量部
可視光吸収組成物Bをガラス基板上にスピンコートし、ポストベーク後の膜厚が1.0μmとなるように塗布し、100℃にて120秒間ホットプレートで乾燥した。乾燥後、更に、200℃のホットプレートを用いて300秒間加熱処理(ポストベーク)を行った。
紫外可視近赤外分光光度計(日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製 U-4100)の分光光度計(ref.ガラス基板)を用いて、得られた可視光吸収層Bを有する基板の波長400~1100nmの範囲における透過率を測定した。
特開2013-077009号公報の段落0255~0259の記載(実施例1)に従ってカラーフィルタ(可視光吸収層C)を作製した。
紫外可視近赤外分光光度計(日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製 U-4100)の分光光度計(ref.ガラス基板)を用いて、得られた可視光吸収層Cを有する基板の波長400~1100nmの範囲における透過率を測定した。
以下に示す樹脂Aを8.04質量部と、以下に示す赤外光吸収剤1(極大吸収波長:760nm)を1.4質量部と、重合性化合物としてKAYARAD DPHA(日本化薬(株)社製)を0.07質量部と、メガファックRS-72K(エチレン性不飽和基を側鎖に有する含フッ素重合体)(DIC(株)社製)を0.265質量部と、光重合開始剤として下記化合物を0.38質量部と、溶剤としてPGMEA(プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート)を82.51質量部とを混合し、撹拌した後、孔径0.5μmのナイロン製フィルター(日本ポール(株)社製)でろ過して、赤外光吸収組成物1を調製した。
イオン交換水69.5質量部に下記赤外光吸収剤2(極大吸収波長:710nm)を0.5質量部溶解させ、更にゼラチンの10質量%水溶液30.0質量部を加え攪拌することで、赤外光吸収組成物2を調製した。
赤外光吸収組成物1をスピンコーター(ミカサ(株)社製)を用いて塗布し、塗膜を形成した。次いで、100℃にて120秒間の前加熱(プリベーク)を行った。その後、i線ステッパーを用い、1000mJ/cm2で全面露光を行った。次いで、220℃にて300秒間の後加熱(ポストベーク)を行い、膜厚0.7μmの赤外光吸収層1を得た。
上記で調製した赤外光吸収組成物2をスピンコーター(ミカサ(株)社製)を用いて塗布した。次いで、塗膜を形成し、100℃にて120秒間の前加熱(プリベーク)を行った。次いで、220℃にて300秒間の後加熱(ポストベーク)を行い、膜厚0.2μmの赤外光吸収層2を得た。
先ず、ケイ素アルコキシド(A)としてテトラメトキシシラン(TMOS)を、フルオロアルキル基含有のケイ素アルコキシド(B)としてトリフルオロプロピルトリメトキシシラン(TFPTMS)を用意した。ケイ素アルコキシド(A)の質量を1としたときのフルオロアルキル基含有のケイ素アルコキシド(B)の割合(質量比)が0.6になるように秤量し、これらをセプラブルフラスコ内に投入して混合することにより混合物を得た。この混合物1質量部に対して1.0質量部となる量のプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA)を有機溶媒(E)として添加し、30℃の温度で15分間撹拌することにより第1液を調製した。なお、ケイ素アルコキシド(A)としては、単量体を予め3~5程度重合させたオリゴマーを使用した。
上記数珠状コロイダルシリカ粒子は、複数の球状コロイダルシリカ粒子と上記複数の球状コロイダルシリカ粒子を互いに接合する金属酸化物含有シリカからなり、上記球状コロイダルシリカ粒子の動的光散乱法により測定された平均粒子径をD1(nm)と上記球状コロイダルシリカ粒子の窒素吸着法により測定された比表面積Sm2/gからD2=2720/Sの式により得られる平均粒子径をD2(nm)とする。詳細は、特開2013-253145号公報に記載される。
・低屈折分散液1 75.3質量部
・上記界面活性剤1 0.1質量部
・有機溶剤:乳酸エチル 24.6質量部
低屈折組成物1をスピンコーター(ミカサ(株)社製)を用いて塗布して塗膜を形成し、100℃にて120秒間の前加熱(プリベーク)を行った。次に、220℃にて300秒間の後加熱(ポストベーク)を行い、膜厚0.1μmの反射防止層1を設けた。
低屈折分散液1において、低屈折分散液1に含まれる数珠状コロイダルシリカ粒子を中空粒子に変えた以外は、同様の手順に従って、低屈折分散液2を調製した。具体的に、加水分解物と、中空粒子のシリカを、加水分解物中のSiO2分100質量部に対する中空粒子が200質量部となる割合で、撹拌して混合することにより低屈折分散液2を得た。
以下の手順で調製した低屈折組成物2をスピンコーター(ミカサ(株)社製)を用いて塗布して塗膜を形成し、100℃にて120秒間の前加熱(プリベーク)を行った。その後、i線ステッパーを用い、1000mJ/cm2で全面露光を行った。続いて、220℃にて300秒間の後加熱(ポストベーク)を行い、膜厚0.1μmの反射防止層2を設けた。
・低屈折分散液2 50.0質量部
・KAYARAD DPHA(日本化薬(株)社製) 2.7質量部
・IRGACURE-OXE02(BASF社製) 5.0質量部
・上記界面活性剤1 0.1質量部
・有機溶剤:乳酸エチル 41.9質量部
メチルトリエトキシシランを用いて、加水分解縮合反応を行った。このときに用いた溶媒はエタノールであった。得られたシロキサン樹脂A-1の重量平均分子量は、約10000であった。なお、上記重量平均分子量は先に説明の手順に沿ってGPC(ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー)により確認した。
<低屈折組成物3の調製>
・シロキサン樹脂A-1
20質量部
・プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA)
64質量部
・3-エトキシプロピオン酸エチル(EEP)
16質量部
・Emulsogen COL-020(クラリアントジャパン(株)製)
2質量部
上記で得られた低屈折組成物3をスピンコーター(ミカサ(株)社製)を用いて1000rpmでスピン塗布し、塗布膜を得た。得られた塗布膜を、ホットプレート上にて100℃で2分間加熱し、加熱後即座に230℃で10分間加熱し、膜厚0.1μmの反射防止層3を形成させた。
・低屈折分散液1 75.3質量部
・上記赤外光吸収剤1 3.0質量部
・上記界面活性剤1 0.1質量部
・有機溶剤:乳酸エチル 24.6質量部
上記で調製した低屈折組成物4をスピンコーター(ミカサ(株)社製)を用いて塗布して塗膜を形成し、100℃にて120秒間の前加熱(プリベーク)を行った。続いて、220℃にて300秒間の後加熱(ポストベーク)を行い、膜厚0.3μmの反射防止層4を設けた。
上記で作製した組成物を用いて上記製膜法を参照して、基板上に、下記表(表4および表5)のように各層を順次製膜することにより積層体(実施例1~18、比較例1~5)を作製した。
<ヘイズ>
各実施例および各比較例にて得られた積層体を用いて、ヘイズメーター NDH-5000(日本電色製)にてヘイズ値を測定し、下記基準に従って評価した。
3:ヘイズ値が1.0%より小さい
2:ヘイズ値が1.0%以上2.0%以下
1:ヘイズ値が2.0%より大きい
紫外可視近赤外分光光度計(日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製 U-4100)を用いて、各実施例および各比較例にて得られた積層体の透過率を測定し、(透過帯域の最高透過率)/(遮光帯域の最低透過率)を求めて、下記基準に従って評価した。
3:(透過帯域の最高透過率)/(遮光帯域の最低透過率)が70より大きい
2:(透過帯域の最高透過率)/(遮光帯域の最低透過率)が50以上70以下
1:(透過帯域の最高透過率)/(遮光帯域の最低透過率)が50より小さい
なお、上記「透過帯域の最高透過率」とは、積層体の透過スペクトルにおいて透過帯域(例えば、上述した第1透過帯域および第2透過帯域)の短波長側の半値波長から長波長側の半値波長までの領域での最高透過率を意図する。また、「遮光帯域の最低透過率」とは、積層体の透過スペクトルにおいて透過帯域(例えば、上述した第1透過帯域および第2透過帯域)の短波長側の半値波長から短波長側に100nmの波長領域、および、長波長側の半値波長から長波長側に100nmの波長領域での最低透過率を意図する。なお、最低透過率が「0%」であった場合、上記(遮光帯域の最低透過率)は「0.1%」として計算を行う。
また、各実施例の積層体に第1透過帯域および第2透過帯域の2つの透過帯域が含まれる場合、両方の透過帯域に関して上記評価を行い、最も評価が低いものを後述する表6および表7に示す。
各実施例および各比較例にて得られた積層体を用いて、入射角を積層体面に対し垂直(角度0度)および30度に変化させ、透過帯域の半値波長のシフト量を、下記基準に従って評価した。なお、上記シフト量とは、より具体的には、垂直方向から入射した際の半値波長位置Xと、斜め方向から入射した際の半値波長位置Yとの差を意図する。
3:5nm未満
2:5nm以上、10nm未満
1:10nm以上
また、各実施例の積層体に第1透過帯域および第2透過帯域の2つの透過帯域が含まれる場合、両方の透過帯域に関して上記評価を行い、最も評価が低いものを後述する表6および表7に示す。
なお、上記半値波長としては、第1透過帯域においては短波長側の半値波長を用いてシフト量を測定し、第2透過帯域においては長波長側の半値波長を用いてシフト量を測定した。
表6および表7中、「平均透過率1A(%)」は、第1透過帯域の短波長側の半値波長Aから長波長側の半値波長Bまでの波長領域における平均透過率を意図し、「平均透過率1B(%)」は、短波長側の半値波長Aから短波長側に100nmの波長領域における平均透過率を意図し、「平均透過率1C(%)」は長波長側の半値波長Bから長波長側に100nmの波長領域における平均透過率を意図する。
表6および表7中、「傾き」とは、上述した(T2-T1)/20で求められる値(短波側傾き)、および、(T3-T4)/20で表される値(長波側傾き)を意図する。
表6および表7中、「平均透過率2A(%)」は、第2透過帯域の短波長側の半値波長Aから長波長側の半値波長Bまでの波長領域における平均透過率を意図し、「平均透過率2B(%)」は、短波長側の半値波長Aから短波長側に50nmの波長領域における平均透過率を意図し、「平均透過率2C(%)」は長波長側の半値波長Bから長波長側に50nmの波長領域における平均透過率を意図する。
なかでも、赤外光吸収層が積層体中に含まれる場合、上記角度依存性がより向上することが確認された。
また、反射防止層が積層体中に含まれる場合、上記測定精度がより優れることが確認された。
一方、比較例では、所定の平均透過率の条件を満たさない比較例1~5においては、本発明の効果が得られないことが確認された。
12a,12b,12c,12d 第1反射層
14a,14b,14c,14d 第2反射層
16 第1透過帯域
18 第2透過帯域
20 基板
22 下地層
24 反射防止層
26 赤外光吸収層
28 可視光吸収層
Claims (11)
- 少なくとも1層の、螺旋軸の回転方向が右方向である液晶相を固定化してなる第1反射層と、
少なくとも1層の、螺旋軸の回転方向が左方向である液晶相を固定化してなる第2反射層と、を含む積層体であって、
300~3000nmの波長領域において、第1透過帯域を有し、
前記第1透過帯域の半値幅が200nm以下であり、
前記第1透過帯域の短波長側の半値波長Aから長波長側の半値波長Bまでの波長領域における平均透過率が50%以上であり、
前記半値波長Aから短波長側に100nmの波長領域における平均透過率、および、前記半値波長Bから長波長側に100nmの波長領域における平均透過率が、それぞれ20%未満である、積層体。 - 300~3000nmの波長領域において、更に第2透過帯域を有し、
前記第2透過帯域の半値幅が200nm以上であり、
前記第2透過帯域の短波長側の半値波長Cから長波長側の半値波長Dまでの波長領域における平均透過率が30%以上であり、
前記半値波長Cから短波長側に50nmの波長領域における平均透過率、および、前記半値波長Dから長波長側に50nmの波長領域における平均透過率が、それぞれ30%未満である、請求項1に記載の積層体。 - 前記半値波長Cから前記半値波長Dまでの波長領域における平均透過率が70%以上である、請求項2に記載の積層体。
- 前記第1透過帯域および前記2透過帯域の少なくとも一方が、650~3000nmの波長領域内にある、請求項2または3に記載の積層体。
- 前記第1透過帯域および前記2透過帯域の少なくとも一方が、650~1200nmの波長領域内にある、請求項2~4のいずれか1項に記載の積層体。
- 400~1200nmの波長領域において透過率が30%を超える波長領域Xがあり、
前記波長領域Xが、前記第1透過帯域および前記2透過帯域の少なくとも一方の帯域内にのみある、請求項2~5のいずれか1項に記載の積層体。 - 前記半値波長Aから短波長側に10nmの波長における透過率をT1と、前記半値波長Aから長波長側に10nmの波長における透過率をT2とした場合、(T2-T1)/20で求められる値が1~5であり、かつ、
前記半値波長Bから短波長側に10nmの波長における透過率をT3と、前記半値波長Bから長波長側に10nmの波長における透過率をT4とした場合、(T3-T4)/20で求められる値が1~5であり、T1~T4の単位は%である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の積層体。 - 光学センサー用のフィルターとして用いる、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の積層体。
- 固体撮像素子用のフィルターとして用いる、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の積層体。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の積層体と、
前記積層体の第1透過帯域内に位置するピーク波長を有する光を発光する光源と、を含む、光学センサー。 - 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の積層体を製造するために使用されるキットであって、
液晶化合物および右旋回性のキラル剤を少なくとも含む液晶組成物と、
液晶化合物および左旋回性のキラル剤を少なくとも含む液晶組成物と、を有する、キット。
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| TWI707780B (zh) | 2020-10-21 |
| JP6606555B2 (ja) | 2019-11-13 |
| TW201726390A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
| US20180196179A1 (en) | 2018-07-12 |
| KR20180037043A (ko) | 2018-04-10 |
| JPWO2017056909A1 (ja) | 2018-06-28 |
| KR102039843B1 (ko) | 2019-11-01 |
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