WO2017054929A1 - Method for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction - Google Patents
Method for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017054929A1 WO2017054929A1 PCT/EP2016/001665 EP2016001665W WO2017054929A1 WO 2017054929 A1 WO2017054929 A1 WO 2017054929A1 EP 2016001665 W EP2016001665 W EP 2016001665W WO 2017054929 A1 WO2017054929 A1 WO 2017054929A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- fraction
- hydrocarbon
- mixture
- expander
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/042—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising compounds containing carbon and hydrogen only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
- F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
- F25J1/0092—Mixtures of hydrocarbons comprising possibly also minor amounts of nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/0097—Others, e.g. F-, Cl-, HF-, HClF-, HCl-hydrocarbons etc. or mixtures thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
- F25J1/0263—Details of the cold heat exchange system using different types of heat exchangers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
- F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
- F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
- F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/029—Mechanically coupling of different refrigerant compressors in a cascade refrigeration system to a common driver
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich
- Cooling refrigeration cycle cooled and liquefied
- the refrigerant circulating in the mixture refrigeration cycle is compressed at least two stages and
- the compressed refrigerant is separated into a higher boiling and a lower boiling refrigerant fraction
- lower-boiling refrigerant fraction serves to liquefy the hydrocarbon-rich fraction.
- hydrocarbon-rich gas fractions in particular natural gas, u. a. Process with a refrigerant mixture consisting of light
- the refrigerant mixture is condensed against ambient under elevated pressure at least partially.
- the liquid refrigerant is then evaporated under reduced pressure in indirect heat exchange with the natural gas.
- Pre-cooling circuit for the temperature range between ambient temperature and about -50 ° C is omitted.
- Heat exchanger are arranged, enforced, the refrigerant in the
- the refrigerant 10 'of the mixture refrigeration cycle to be compressed which usually has nitrogen and at least one C 1 + hydrocarbon as the refrigerant, is compressed in the first compressor stage C 1' to an intermediate pressure. Subsequently, the compressed refrigerant 11 'in the aftercooler E4' partially condensed and in the
- Separator D3 separated into a gas fraction 13' and a higher-boiling liquid fraction 12 '. Only the gas fraction 13 'is compressed in the second compressor stage C2' to the maximum circuit pressure. The compressed refrigerant 1 'is again partially condensed in the aftercooler E5' and in the separator D4 'in a
- Liquid fraction 15 ' is fed via the expansion valve V4' to the intermediate pressure compressed refrigerant 1 1 '.
- liquefying hydrocarbon-rich fraction A ' serves the lower boiling refrigerant fraction 16' of the liquefaction and subcooling of the pre-cooled
- Pre-cooler E1 ', condenser E2' and subcooler E3 ' are hereby arranged within a wound heat exchanger W. After passing through the wound heat exchanger W, the liquefied
- Hydrocarbon-rich fraction C deducted at the top.
- the pre-cooling of the liquefied hydrocarbon-rich fraction A 'serving higher boiling refrigerant fraction 12' is cooled in the pre-cooler E1 ', relaxed in the valve V1' cold-performing and then against the vorzu touchde
- Refrigerant fraction 19 is used together with those described below
- the liquefying and subcooling of the hydrocarbon-rich fraction A 'serving lower boiling refrigerant fraction 16' is cooled in the pre-cooler E1 'and in
- Separator D1 separated into a liquid fraction 17' and a gas fraction 18 '.
- the liquid fraction 17 ' is undercooled in the condenser E2', depressurized in the valve V2 'and then at least partially evaporated off against the hydrocarbon-rich fraction to be liquefied.
- the gas fraction 18 ' is cooled in the condenser E2' and in the subcooler E3 ', cooled in the valve V3' with cooling power and then likewise against the liquid to be supercooled and liquefied
- Hydrocarbon-rich fraction at least partially evaporated.
- the refrigerant flow which is supplied to the subcooler E3 'via the valve V3' is biphasic at the warm end of the subcooler E3 '. Therefore, a list of the subcooler E3 'above the
- the object of the present invention is to provide a generic process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction, which makes it possible to separate the required for the supercooling of the liquefied hydrocarbon-rich fraction heat exchanger from the required for the cooling and liquefaction of the hydrocarbon-rich fraction heat exchanger to arrange or set up.
- the refrigerant mixture of this expander cycle in addition to the components N 2 and CH 4 at least one component of the group 0 2 , Ar, Kr, Xe, C 2 H 4 and
- precooling and liquefaction of the hydrocarbon-rich fraction now occurs in a wound heat exchanger, while subcooling of the liquefied hydrocarbon-rich fractions occurs in a separate heat exchanger
- Heat exchanger takes place.
- This separate heat exchanger can be designed as a countercurrent of any type, preferably as a coiled heat exchanger or plate exchanger.
- the subcooling of the liquefied hydrocarbon-rich fraction takes place against a separate expander cycle or the refrigerant mixture circulating in it.
- the refrigerant mixture of this expander circuit according to the invention comprises in addition to the components N 2 and CH 4 at least one component of the group 0 2 , Ar, Kr, Xe, C 2 H 4 and C 2 H 6 , wherein the proportion of the components N 2 and CH 4 at least 80 mole%.
- properties such as molecular weight, dew point and real gas factor can be optimally adapted to the respective task.
- the separate heat exchanger used to subcool the liquefied hydrocarbon-rich fraction can be placed independently of the coiled heat exchanger where the hydrocarbon-rich fraction is cooled and liquefied; by means of this
- an expander expanded refrigerant mixture of the separate expander cycle is subcooled, the compressed refrigerant mixture is divided into two partial streams, the first partial stream expanded in an expander and the second partial stream is liquefied and then also relaxed, and the two combined partial streams against the hydrocarbon to be supercooled rich fraction to be warmed,
- the first partial stream preferably comprises 70 to 95%, in particular 80 to 90% of the compressed mixed refrigerant amount
- the inlet temperature of the liquefied hydrocarbon-rich fraction in the separate heat exchanger is at least 3 ° C, preferably at least 5 ° C below its boiling point or, if the liquefied Hydrocarbon-rich fraction is present in the supercritical state, the inlet temperature of
- the separate heat exchanger above -125 ° C, preferably above -120 ° C, in which required for the compression of the refrigerant mixture of the expander cycle compressor at a pressure ratio of more than 2.5 and / or a suction temperature of more at least one intermediate cooling is provided as 30 ° C., the cold-performing expansion of the higher-boiling refrigerant fraction and / or the lower-boiling refrigerant fraction take place in an expander, the compressors required for the compression of the refrigerant of the mixture refrigeration cycle are arranged in a common housing, the required for the compression of the refrigerant of the mixture refrigeration cycle compressor and for the compression of the refrigerant mixture of the
- Compressor strands which in the configuration 2 x 50%, 3 x 50%,
- 3 x 33% or 4 x 33% of the total power are designed, which is required for the expansion of the refrigerant mixture of the expander cycle expander coupled to a generator, a compressor and / or an oil brake, circulating in the mixture refrigerant circuit refrigerant nitrogen and at least one C 1 + - Hydrocarbon has, and - the separate heat exchanger is designed as a coiled heat exchanger or plate exchanger.
- the refrigerant to be compressed 1 of the mixture refrigeration cycle which usually has nitrogen and at least one C 1+ hydrocarbon as the refrigerant, is the first compressor stage C1 compressed to an intermediate pressure. Subsequently, the compressed refrigerant 2 is partially condensed in the aftercooler E4 and separated in the separator D3 into a gas fraction 3 and a higher-boiling liquid fraction 7.
- Compressor stages C1 and C2 arranged in a common housing.
- the compressed refrigerant 4 is again partially condensed in the aftercooler E5 and separated in the separator D4 into a lower-boiling gas fraction 6 and a liquid fraction 5. This is supplied via the expansion valve V4 compressed to the intermediate pressure refrigerant 2.
- the lower boiling refrigerant fraction 6 serves to liquefy the precooled hydrocarbon-rich fraction.
- the precooling of the hydrocarbon-rich fraction A serving high-boiling refrigerant fraction 7 is supercooled in the pre-cooler E1, cooled in the valve V1 depressurized and then completely evaporated against the hydrocarbon-rich fraction A vorzudalede.
- the liquefying the cooled hydrocarbon-rich fraction A serving lower-boiling refrigerant fraction 6 is cooled in the pre-cooler E1 and condenser E2, cooled in the valve V2 cooling performance and then completely evaporated against the vorzu aggregatede and to be liquefied hydrocarbon-rich fraction A.
- Compressor C1 as it may be separated in it entrained liquid components.
- the above-described cold-performing relaxation of the lower boiling and / or higher boiling refrigerant fraction can also be done in expanders. As already mentioned, the subcooling takes place from the wound
- the compressor C3 By means of the compressor C3, the refrigerant mixture 20 of the expander cycle is compressed to the desired circuit pressure.
- the cycle density C3 At a Pressure ratio of more than 2.5 and / or a suction temperature of more than 30 ° C, the cycle density C3 preferably at least one intermediate cooling.
- the compressed refrigerant mixture in the heat exchanger or countercurrent E8 is cooled against itself and then expanded in the expander X cold-performing.
- the expander X may be coupled to a generator or an oil brake to dissipate the mechanical power.
- the inlet temperature of the liquefied hydrocarbon-rich fraction B in the separate heat exchanger E3 is preferably at least 3 ° C, in particular at least 5 ° C below its boiling point or, if the liquefied
- Hydrocarbon-rich fraction B is in a supercritical state, it is above -125 ° C, preferably above -120 ° C.
- Compressor C3 combined to form a compressor train and are driven together.
- a drive a gas turbine, a steam turbine, a Electric motor or a combination of two aforementioned types of drive for
- Embodiment in that the compressed refrigerant mixture 20 is divided into two partial streams 30 and 32 after cooling in the heat exchanger E8.
- the expander X supplied partial stream 30 70 to 95%, preferably 80 to 90% of the compressed mixed refrigerant stream 20 on.
- the non-expander X supplied partial stream 32 is completely liquefied in the heat exchanger E3, if necessary
- Refrigerant mixture 33 passed through the heat exchanger E8 to take advantage of the cold, which can not be transferred in the heat exchanger E3.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Beschreibung description
Verfahren zum Verflüssigen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion Process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verflüssigen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichenThe invention relates to a process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich
Fraktion, insbesondere Erdgas, wobei Fraction, especially natural gas, where
- die Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion gegen wenigstens einen - the hydrocarbon-rich fraction against at least one
Gemischkältekreislauf abgekühlt und verflüssigt, Cooling refrigeration cycle cooled and liquefied,
das in dem Gemischkältekreislauf zirkulierende Kältemittel wenigstens zweistufig verdichtet und the refrigerant circulating in the mixture refrigeration cycle is compressed at least two stages and
das verdichtete Kältemittel in eine höhersiedende und eine tiefersiedende Kältemittelfraktion aufgetrennt wird, the compressed refrigerant is separated into a higher boiling and a lower boiling refrigerant fraction,
wobei die höhersiedende Kältemittelfraktion der Vorkühlung und die the higher boiling refrigerant fraction precooling and the
tiefersiedende Kältemittelfraktion der Verflüssigung der Kohlenwasserstoff- reichen Fraktion dient. Zur Verflüssigung Kohlenwasserstoff-reicher Gasfraktionen, insbesondere Erdgas, werden u. a. Verfahren mit einem Kältemittelgemisch bestehend aus leichten lower-boiling refrigerant fraction serves to liquefy the hydrocarbon-rich fraction. For the liquefaction of hydrocarbon-rich gas fractions, in particular natural gas, u. a. Process with a refrigerant mixture consisting of light
Kohlenwasserstoffen sowie Stickstoff verwendet, wobei das Kältemittelgemisch gegen Umgebung unter erhöhtem Druck zumindest teilweise kondensiert wird. Um das Erdgas zu verflüssigen, wird das flüssige Kältemittel anschließend unter reduziertem Druck im indirekten Wärmeaustausch mit dem Erdgas verdampft. Hydrocarbons and nitrogen used, wherein the refrigerant mixture is condensed against ambient under elevated pressure at least partially. In order to liquefy the natural gas, the liquid refrigerant is then evaporated under reduced pressure in indirect heat exchange with the natural gas.
Sollen die Investitionskosten für eine Erdgasverflüssigungsanlage niedrig gehalten werden, wird ausschließlich ein Gemischkreislauf der vorbeschriebenen Art für den gesamten Temperaturbereich zwischen Umgebungs- und LNG(Liquefied Natural Gas)- Produkttemperatur (ca. -160 °C) verwendet. Auf den Einsatz eines gesondertenIf the investment costs for a natural gas liquefaction plant are to be kept low, only a mixed cycle of the type described above for the entire temperature range between ambient and LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) - product temperature (about -160 ° C) is used. On the use of a separate
Vorkühlkreislaufes für den Temperaturbereich zwischen Umgebungstemperatur und etwa -50 °C wird dabei verzichtet. Pre-cooling circuit for the temperature range between ambient temperature and about -50 ° C is omitted.
Bei einer Verfahrensführung dieser Art, die üblicherweise als SMR(Single Mixed Refrigerant)-Prozess bezeichnet wird, steht also nur ein Kältemittel, bzw. dessen Teilströme, zur Verfügung, das eine gleitende Verdampfung aufweist. Ein derartiges Erdgas-Verflüssigungsverfahren ist bspw. aus der deutschen Patentanmeldung 19722490 bekannt. Bei LNG-Anlagen mittlerer Größe - diese weisen eine Verflüssigungskapazität von etwa 0,3 bis 1 ,5 mtpa auf - werden häufig gewickelte Wärmetauscher für SMR- Verfahren verwendet. Hierbei hat sich eine Verfahrensführung mit einem Vorkühler, einem Verflüssiger und einem Unterkühler, die innerhalb des gewickelten In a process control of this type, which is commonly referred to as SMR (Single Mixed Refrigerant) process, so only one refrigerant, or its partial flows, available, which has a sliding evaporation. Such a natural gas liquefaction process is known, for example, from German Patent Application 19722490. For LNG plants of medium size - these have a liquefaction capacity of about 0.3 to 1.5 mtpa - commonly used heat exchangers are used for SMR processes. Here, a process guide with a pre-cooler, a condenser and a subcooler, which has been wound within the
Wärmetauschers angeordnet sind, durchgesetzt, wobei das Kältemittel im Heat exchanger are arranged, enforced, the refrigerant in the
gemeinsamen Mantel des gewickelten Wärmetauschers von oben nach unten durch Schwerkraft strömt. Diese Konfiguration hat sich als wirtschaftlich bewährt, hat jedoch den Nachteil einer großen Bauhöhe, die beim Transport oder auch am Aufstellungsort mit Nachteilen verbunden ist. common jacket of the wound heat exchanger flows from top to bottom by gravity. This configuration has proven to be economical, but has the disadvantage of a large height, which is associated with disadvantages during transport or at the site.
Ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Verflüssigen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion sei nachfolgend anhand des in der Figur 1 dargestellten A generic method for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction is described below with reference to FIG
Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert. Embodiment explained in more detail.
Das zu verdichtende Kältemittel 10' des Gemischkältekreislaufes, der als Kältemittel üblicherweise Stickstoff und wenigstens einen C1+-Kohlenwasserstoff aufweist, wird in der ersten Verdichterstufe C1 ' auf einen Zwischendruck verdichtet. Anschließend wird das verdichtete Kältemittel 11 ' im Nachkühler E4' partiell kondensiert und im The refrigerant 10 'of the mixture refrigeration cycle to be compressed, which usually has nitrogen and at least one C 1 + hydrocarbon as the refrigerant, is compressed in the first compressor stage C 1' to an intermediate pressure. Subsequently, the compressed refrigerant 11 'in the aftercooler E4' partially condensed and in the
Abscheider D3' in eine Gasfraktion 13' und eine höhersiedende Flüssigfraktion 12' aufgetrennt. Lediglich die Gasfraktion 13' wird in der zweiten Verdichterstufe C2' auf den maximalen Kreislaufdruck verdichtet. Das verdichtete Kältemittel 1 ' wird im Nachkühler E5' erneut partiell kondensiert und im Abscheider D4' in eine Separator D3 'separated into a gas fraction 13' and a higher-boiling liquid fraction 12 '. Only the gas fraction 13 'is compressed in the second compressor stage C2' to the maximum circuit pressure. The compressed refrigerant 1 'is again partially condensed in the aftercooler E5' and in the separator D4 'in a
tiefersiedende Gasfraktion 16' sowie eine Flüssigfraktion 15' aufgetrennt. Die deeper boiling gas fraction 16 'and a liquid fraction 15' separated. The
Flüssigfraktion 15' wird über das Entspannungsventil V4' dem auf den Zwischendruck verdichteten Kältemittel 1 1 ' zugeführt. Liquid fraction 15 'is fed via the expansion valve V4' to the intermediate pressure compressed refrigerant 1 1 '.
Während die höhersiedende Kältemittelfraktion 12' der Vorkühlung der zu While the higher-boiling refrigerant fraction 12 'of the pre-cooling of
verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion A' dient, dient die tiefersiedende Kältemittelfraktion 16' der Verflüssigung und Unterkühlung der vorgekühlten liquefying hydrocarbon-rich fraction A ', serves the lower boiling refrigerant fraction 16' of the liquefaction and subcooling of the pre-cooled
Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion. Vorkühler E1 ', Verflüssiger E2' und Unterkühler E3' sind hierbei innerhalb eines gewickelten Wärmetauschers W angeordnet. Nach Durchgang durch den gewickelten Wärmetauscher W wird die verflüssigte Hydrocarbon-rich fraction. Pre-cooler E1 ', condenser E2' and subcooler E3 'are hereby arranged within a wound heat exchanger W. After passing through the wound heat exchanger W, the liquefied
Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion C an dessen Kopf abgezogen. Die der Vorkühlung der zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion A' dienende höhersiedende Kältemittelfraktion 12' wird im Vorkühler E1 ' abgekühlt, im Ventil V1 ' kälteleistend entspannt und anschließend gegen die vorzukühlende Hydrocarbon-rich fraction C deducted at the top. The pre-cooling of the liquefied hydrocarbon-rich fraction A 'serving higher boiling refrigerant fraction 12' is cooled in the pre-cooler E1 ', relaxed in the valve V1' cold-performing and then against the vorzukühlende
Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion A' vollständig verdampft. Die verdampfte Hydrocarbon-rich fraction A 'completely evaporated. The evaporated
Kältemittelfraktion 19' wird zusammen mit den nachfolgend beschriebenen Refrigerant fraction 19 'is used together with those described below
Kältemittelfraktionen 17718' dem der ersten Verdichterstufe C1 ' vorgeschalteten Abscheider D2' zugeführt; dieser dient der Absicherung der Verdichterstufe C1 ', da in ihm ggf. mitgeführte Flüssiganteile abgetrennt werden. Die der Verflüssigung und Unterkühlung der zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion A' dienende tiefersiedende Kältemittelfraktion 16' wird im Vorkühler E1 ' abgekühlt und im Refrigerant fractions 17718 'supplied to the first compressor stage C1' upstream separator D2 '; this serves to safeguard the compressor stage C1 ', since any liquid components entrained in it are separated off. The liquefying and subcooling of the hydrocarbon-rich fraction A 'serving lower boiling refrigerant fraction 16' is cooled in the pre-cooler E1 'and in
Abscheider D1 ' in eine Flüssigfraktion 17' und eine Gasfraktion 18' aufgetrennt. Die Flüssigfraktion 17' wird im Verflüssiger E2' unterkühlt, im Ventil V2' kälteleistend entspannt und anschließend gegen die zu verflüssigende Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion zumindest teilweise verdampft. Die Gasfraktion 18' wird im Verflüssiger E2' sowie im Unterkühler E3' abgekühlt, im Ventil V3' kälteleistend entspannt und anschließend ebenfalls gegen die zu unterkühlende und zu verflüssigende Separator D1 'separated into a liquid fraction 17' and a gas fraction 18 '. The liquid fraction 17 'is undercooled in the condenser E2', depressurized in the valve V2 'and then at least partially evaporated off against the hydrocarbon-rich fraction to be liquefied. The gas fraction 18 'is cooled in the condenser E2' and in the subcooler E3 ', cooled in the valve V3' with cooling power and then likewise against the liquid to be supercooled and liquefied
Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion zumindest teilweise verdampft. Bei der Hydrocarbon-rich fraction at least partially evaporated. In the
vorbeschriebenen Verfahrensführung ist der Kältemittelstrom, der dem Unterkühler E3' über das Ventil V3' zugeführt wird, am warmen Ende des Unterkühlers E3' zweiphasig. Daher wird in der Regel eine Aufstellung des Unterkühlers E3' oberhalb des As described above, the refrigerant flow which is supplied to the subcooler E3 'via the valve V3' is biphasic at the warm end of the subcooler E3 '. Therefore, a list of the subcooler E3 'above the
Verflüssigers E2', wie bei dem in der Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel, gefordert. Condenser E2 ', as in the embodiment shown in Figure 1, required.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Verflüssigen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion anzugeben, das es ermöglicht, den für die Unterkühlung der verflüssigten Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion erforderlichen Wärmetauscher getrennt von dem für die Abkühlung und Verflüssigung der Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion erforderlichen Wärmetauscher anzuordnen bzw. aufzustellen. The object of the present invention is to provide a generic process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction, which makes it possible to separate the required for the supercooling of the liquefied hydrocarbon-rich fraction heat exchanger from the required for the cooling and liquefaction of the hydrocarbon-rich fraction heat exchanger to arrange or set up.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Verflüssigen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion vorgeschlagen, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die verflüssigte Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion in einem separaten To solve this problem, a generic method for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction is proposed, which is characterized in that the liquefied hydrocarbon-rich fraction in a separate
Wärmetauscher gegen das Kältemittelgemisch eines separaten Heat exchanger against the refrigerant mixture of a separate
Expanderkreislaufes unterkühlt wird, und Expander cycle is undercooled, and
das Kältemittelgemisch dieses Expanderkreislaufes neben den Komponenten N2 und CH4 wenigstens eine Komponente der Gruppe 02, Ar, Kr, Xe, C2H4 undthe refrigerant mixture of this expander cycle in addition to the components N 2 and CH 4 at least one component of the group 0 2 , Ar, Kr, Xe, C 2 H 4 and
C2H6 aufweist und der Anteil der Komponenten N2 und CH4 wenigstens 80 Mol-% beträgt. C 2 H 6 and said proportion of components N 2 and CH 4 is at least 80 mol%.
Im Gegensatz zu den zum Stand der Technik zählenden Verflüssigungsverfahren erfolgen Vorkühlung und Verflüssigung der Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion nunmehr in einem gewickelten Wärmetauscher, während die Unterkühlung der verflüssigten Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktionen in einem separaten In contrast to the prior art liquefaction processes, precooling and liquefaction of the hydrocarbon-rich fraction now occurs in a wound heat exchanger, while subcooling of the liquefied hydrocarbon-rich fractions occurs in a separate heat exchanger
Wärmetauscher erfolgt. Dieser separate Wärmetauscher kann als Gegenströmer beliebiger Bauart, vorzugsweise als gewickelter Wärmetauscher oder Plattentauscher, ausgeführt werden. Heat exchanger takes place. This separate heat exchanger can be designed as a countercurrent of any type, preferably as a coiled heat exchanger or plate exchanger.
Erfindungsgemäß erfolgt die Unterkühlung der verflüssigten Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion gegen einen separaten Expanderkreislauf bzw. das in ihm zirkulierende Kältemittelgemisch. Das Kältemittelgemisch dieses Expanderkreislaufes weist erfindungsgemäß neben den Komponenten N2 und CH4 wenigstens eine Komponente der Gruppe 02, Ar, Kr, Xe, C2H4 und C2H6 auf, wobei der Anteil der Komponenten N2 und CH4 wenigstens 80 Mol-% beträgt. Durch die Verwendung eines Kältemittelgemisches mit wenigstens drei Komponenten, anstelle der üblicherweise verwendeten Reinstoffe N2 oder CH4, lassen sich Eigenschaften, wie Molekulargewicht, Taupunkt und Realgasfaktor optimal an die jeweilige Aufgabenstellung anpassen. Aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrenweise kann der der Unterkühlung der verflüssigten Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion dienende separate Wärmetauscher unabhängig von dem gewickelten Wärmetauscher, in dem die Abkühlung und Verflüssigung der Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion erfolgt, aufgestellt werden; mittels dieser According to the invention, the subcooling of the liquefied hydrocarbon-rich fraction takes place against a separate expander cycle or the refrigerant mixture circulating in it. The refrigerant mixture of this expander circuit according to the invention comprises in addition to the components N 2 and CH 4 at least one component of the group 0 2 , Ar, Kr, Xe, C 2 H 4 and C 2 H 6 , wherein the proportion of the components N 2 and CH 4 at least 80 mole%. By using a refrigerant mixture with at least three components, instead of the commonly used pure substances N 2 or CH 4 , properties such as molecular weight, dew point and real gas factor can be optimally adapted to the respective task. By virtue of the method of the invention, the separate heat exchanger used to subcool the liquefied hydrocarbon-rich fraction can be placed independently of the coiled heat exchanger where the hydrocarbon-rich fraction is cooled and liquefied; by means of this
Verfahrensführung wird die gestellte Aufgabe gelöst. Dies wird auch dadurch unterstützt, dass der separate Expanderkreislauf in allen Bauteilen nur einphasige Ströme aufweist, wodurch an deren Höhenzuordnung nur geringe Ansprüche gestellt werden. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Process management, the task is solved. This is also supported by the fact that the separate expander circuit has only single-phase currents in all components, whereby only minor demands are placed on their height assignment. Further advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention for
Verflüssigen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass - die verflüssigte Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion gegen das verdichtete und Liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction are characterized in that - the liquefied hydrocarbon-rich fraction against the compressed and
anschließend in einem Expander entspannte Kältemittelgemisch des separaten Expanderkreislaufes unterkühlt wird, das verdichtete Kältemittelgemisch in zwei Teilströme aufgeteilt wird, der erste Teilstrom in einem Expander entspannt und der zweite Teilstrom verflüssigt und anschließend ebenfalls entspannt wird, und die beiden vereinigten Teilströme gegen die zu unterkühlende Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion angewärmt werden, wobei Then in an expander expanded refrigerant mixture of the separate expander cycle is subcooled, the compressed refrigerant mixture is divided into two partial streams, the first partial stream expanded in an expander and the second partial stream is liquefied and then also relaxed, and the two combined partial streams against the hydrocarbon to be supercooled rich fraction to be warmed,
der erste Teilstrom vorzugsweise 70 bis 95 %, insbesondere 80 bis 90 % der verdichteten Kältemittelgemischmenge aufweist, die Eintrittstemperatur der verflüssigten Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion in den separaten Wärmetauscher wenigstens 3 °C, vorzugsweise wenigstens 5 °C unter ihrer Siedetemperatur liegt oder, sofern die verflüssigte Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion im überkritischen Zustand vorliegt, die Eintrittstemperatur der the first partial stream preferably comprises 70 to 95%, in particular 80 to 90% of the compressed mixed refrigerant amount, the inlet temperature of the liquefied hydrocarbon-rich fraction in the separate heat exchanger is at least 3 ° C, preferably at least 5 ° C below its boiling point or, if the liquefied Hydrocarbon-rich fraction is present in the supercritical state, the inlet temperature of
verflüssigten Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion in den separaten Wärmetauscher über -125 °C, vorzugsweise über -120 °C liegt, bei dem für die Verdichtung des Kältemittelgemisches des Expanderkreislaufes erforderlichen Verdichter bei einem Druckverhältnis von mehr als 2,5 und/oder einer Saugtemperatur von mehr als 30 °C wenigstens eine Zwischenkühlung vorgesehen wird, die kälteleistende Entspannung der höhersiedenden Kältemittelfraktion und/oder der tiefersiedenden Kältemittelfraktion in einem Expander erfolgen, die für die Verdichtung des Kältemittels des Gemischkältekreislaufs erforderlichen Verdichter in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse angeordnet sind, die für die Verdichtung des Kältemittels des Gemischkältekreislaufs erforderlichen Verdichter und der für die Verdichtung des Kältemittelgemisches des liquefied hydrocarbon-rich fraction in the separate heat exchanger above -125 ° C, preferably above -120 ° C, in which required for the compression of the refrigerant mixture of the expander cycle compressor at a pressure ratio of more than 2.5 and / or a suction temperature of more at least one intermediate cooling is provided as 30 ° C., the cold-performing expansion of the higher-boiling refrigerant fraction and / or the lower-boiling refrigerant fraction take place in an expander, the compressors required for the compression of the refrigerant of the mixture refrigeration cycle are arranged in a common housing, the required for the compression of the refrigerant of the mixture refrigeration cycle compressor and for the compression of the refrigerant mixture of the
Expanderkreislaufes erforderliche Verdichter zu einem Verdichterstrang Expander cycle required compressor to a compressor train
zusammengefasst und gemeinsam angetrieben werden, wobei als Antrieb eine Gasturbine, eine Dampfturbine, ein Elektromotor oder eine Kombination zweier vorgenannter Antriebsarten verwendet wird, die Verdichtung des Kältemittels des Gemischkältekreislaufs und des summarized and driven together, being used as a drive gas turbine, a steam turbine, an electric motor or a combination of two aforementioned types of drive, the compression of the refrigerant of the mixture refrigeration cycle and the
Kältemittelgemisches des Expanderkreislaufes mittels mehrerer paralleler Refrigerant mixture of the expander cycle by means of several parallel
Verdichterstränge erfolgt, wobei diese in der Konfiguration 2 x 50 %, 3 x 50 %, Compressor strands, which in the configuration 2 x 50%, 3 x 50%,
3 x 33 % oder 4 x 33 % der Gesamtleistung ausgelegt sind, der für die Expansion des Kältemittelgemisches des Expanderkreislaufes erforderliche Expander mit einem Generator, einem Verdichter und/oder einer Ölbremse gekoppelt ist, das in dem Gemischkältekreislauf zirkulierende Kältemittel Stickstoff und wenigstens einen C1+- Kohlenwasserstoff aufweist, und - der separate Wärmetauscher als gewickelter Wärmetauscher oder Plattentauscher ausgeführt ist. 3 x 33% or 4 x 33% of the total power are designed, which is required for the expansion of the refrigerant mixture of the expander cycle expander coupled to a generator, a compressor and / or an oil brake, circulating in the mixture refrigerant circuit refrigerant nitrogen and at least one C 1 + - Hydrocarbon has, and - the separate heat exchanger is designed as a coiled heat exchanger or plate exchanger.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Verflüssigen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion sowie weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen desselben seien anhand der in den Figuren 2 und 3 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. The inventive method for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction and further advantageous embodiments thereof are explained in more detail with reference to the embodiments illustrated in Figures 2 and 3.
Bei dem in der Figur 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens erfolgen Vorkühlen E1 und Verflüssigen E2 der Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion A in einem gewickelten Wärmetauscher W. An dessen kaltem Ende wird die verflüssigte Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion B abgezogen und in einem separaten Wärmetauscher E3 unterkühlt; der unterkühlte LNG-Produktstrom C wird anschließend seiner weiteren Verwendung oder Zwischenspeicherung zugeführt. In the embodiment of the inventive method shown in Figure 2 precooling E1 and liquefying E2 of the hydrocarbon-rich fraction A in a wound heat exchanger W. At its cold end, the liquefied hydrocarbon-rich fraction B is withdrawn and supercooled in a separate heat exchanger E3; the supercooled LNG product stream C is then fed to its further use or intermediate storage.
Das zu verdichtende Kältemittel 1 des Gemischkältekreislaufes, der als Kältemittel üblicherweise Stickstoff und wenigstens einen C1+-Kohlenwasserstoff aufweist, wird der ersten Verdichterstufe C1 auf einen Zwischendruck verdichtet. Anschließend wird das verdichtete Kältemittel 2 im Nachkühler E4 partiell kondensiert und im Abscheider D3 in eine Gasfraktion 3 und eine höhersiedende Flüssigfraktion 7 aufgetrennt. The refrigerant to be compressed 1 of the mixture refrigeration cycle, which usually has nitrogen and at least one C 1+ hydrocarbon as the refrigerant, is the first compressor stage C1 compressed to an intermediate pressure. Subsequently, the compressed refrigerant 2 is partially condensed in the aftercooler E4 and separated in the separator D3 into a gas fraction 3 and a higher-boiling liquid fraction 7.
Lediglich die Gasfraktion 3 wird in der zweiten Verdichterstufe C2 auf den maximalen Kreislaufdruck verdichtet. In vorteilhafter Weise sind die Verdichter bzw. Only the gas fraction 3 is compressed in the second compressor stage C2 to the maximum circuit pressure. Advantageously, the compressor or
Verdichterstufen C1 und C2 in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse angeordnet. Das verdichtete Kältemittel 4 wird im Nachkühler E5 erneut partiell kondensiert und im Abscheider D4 in eine tiefersiedende Gasfraktion 6 sowie eine Flüssigfraktion 5 aufgetrennt. Diese wird über das Entspannungsventil V4 dem auf den Zwischendruck verdichteten Kältemittel 2 zugeführt. Compressor stages C1 and C2 arranged in a common housing. The compressed refrigerant 4 is again partially condensed in the aftercooler E5 and separated in the separator D4 into a lower-boiling gas fraction 6 and a liquid fraction 5. This is supplied via the expansion valve V4 compressed to the intermediate pressure refrigerant 2.
Während die höhersiedende Kältemittelfraktion 7 der Vorkühlung der zu While the higher-boiling refrigerant fraction 7 precooling the zu
verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion A dient, dient die tiefersiedende Kältemittelfraktion 6 der Verflüssigung der vorgekühlten Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion. Die der Vorkühlung der zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion A dienende höhersiedende Kältemittelfraktion 7 wird im Vorkühler E1 unterkühlt, im Ventil V1 kälteleistend entspannt und anschließend gegen die vorzukühlende Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion A vollständig verdampft. Die der Verflüssigung der abgekühlten Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion A dienende tiefersiedende Kältemittelfraktion 6 wird im Vorkühler E1 und Verflüssiger E2 abgekühlt, im Ventil V2 kälteleistend entspannt und anschließend gegen die vorzukühlende und zu verflüssigende Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion A vollständig verdampft. Über Leitung 8 wird das aus dem Mantelbereich des gewickelten liquefying hydrocarbon-rich fraction A, the lower boiling refrigerant fraction 6 serves to liquefy the precooled hydrocarbon-rich fraction. The precooling of the hydrocarbon-rich fraction A serving high-boiling refrigerant fraction 7 is supercooled in the pre-cooler E1, cooled in the valve V1 depressurized and then completely evaporated against the hydrocarbon-rich fraction A vorzukühlende. The liquefying the cooled hydrocarbon-rich fraction A serving lower-boiling refrigerant fraction 6 is cooled in the pre-cooler E1 and condenser E2, cooled in the valve V2 cooling performance and then completely evaporated against the vorzukühlende and to be liquefied hydrocarbon-rich fraction A. Via line 8 that is wound out of the jacket area of the
Wärmetauschers W abgezogene Kältemittel dem der ersten Verdichterstufe C1 vorgeschalteten Abscheider D2 zugeführt; dieser dient der Absicherung der Heat exchanger W drawn refrigerant supplied to the first compressor stage C1 upstream separator D2; this serves to secure the
Verdichterstufe C1 , da in ihm ggf. mitgeführte Flüssiganteile abgetrennt werden. Die vorbeschriebene kälteleistende Entspannung der tiefersiedenden und/oder der höhersiedenden Kältemittelfraktion kann auch in Expandern erfolgen. Wie bereits erwähnt, erfolgt die Unterkühlung der aus dem gewickelten Compressor C1, as it may be separated in it entrained liquid components. The above-described cold-performing relaxation of the lower boiling and / or higher boiling refrigerant fraction can also be done in expanders. As already mentioned, the subcooling takes place from the wound
Wärmetauscher W abgezogenen verflüssigten Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion B in einem separaten Wärmetauscher E3 gegen das Kältemittelgemisch eines separaten Expanderkreislaufes. Mittels des Verdichters C3 wird das Kältemittelgemisch 20 des Expanderkreislaufes auf den gewünschten Kreislaufdruck verdichtet. Bei einem Druckverhältnis von mehr als 2,5 und/oder einer Saugtemperatur von mehr als 30 °C weist der Kreislaufdichter C3 vorzugsweise wenigstens eine Zwischenkühlung auf. Nach Abführung der Verdichtungswärme im Nachkühler E7 wird das verdichtete Kältemittelgemisch im Wärmetauscher bzw. Gegenströmer E8 gegen sich selbst abgekühlt und anschließend im Expander X kälteleistend entspannt. Das entspannte Kältemittelgemisch 21 unterkühlt im Wärmetauscher E3 die verflüssigte Heat exchanger W deducted liquefied hydrocarbon-rich fraction B in a separate heat exchanger E3 against the refrigerant mixture of a separate expander cycle. By means of the compressor C3, the refrigerant mixture 20 of the expander cycle is compressed to the desired circuit pressure. At a Pressure ratio of more than 2.5 and / or a suction temperature of more than 30 ° C, the cycle density C3 preferably at least one intermediate cooling. After discharge of the heat of compression in the aftercooler E7, the compressed refrigerant mixture in the heat exchanger or countercurrent E8 is cooled against itself and then expanded in the expander X cold-performing. The expanded refrigerant mixture 21 undercooled in the heat exchanger E3, the liquefied
Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion B. Anschließend wird das im Wärmetauscher E3 angewärmte Kältemittelgemisch 21 durch den vorerwähnten Wärmetauscher E8 geführt, um die Kälte, die im Wärmetauscher E3 nicht übertragen werden kann, auszunutzen. Wie in der Figur 2 dargestellt kann ggf. ein weiterer Kreislaufverdichter C4, der in vorteilhafter Weise mit dem Expander X gekoppelt ist, vorgesehen werden, und das in den Wärmetauschern E3 und E8 angewärmte Kältemittelgemisch 21 zu verdichten. Hierbei kann der Verdichter C4 vor oder nach dem Verdichter C3 eingebunden werden. Das derart vorverdichtete Kältemittelgemisch 22 wird nach Abführung der Verdichtungswärme im Wärmetauscher E6 erneut dem Eingang des Kreislaufverdichters C3 zugeführt. Alternativ oder ergänzend zu dem Verdichter C4 kann der Expander X mit einem Generator oder einer Ölbremse gekoppelt sein, um die mechanische Leistung abzuführen. Die Eintrittstemperatur der verflüssigten Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion B in den separaten Wärmetauscher E3 liegt vorzugsweise wenigstens 3 °C, insbesondere wenigstens 5°C unter ihrer Siedetemperatur oder, sofern die verflüssigte Hydrocarbon-rich fraction B. Subsequently, the warmed in the heat exchanger E3 refrigerant mixture 21 is guided through the aforementioned heat exchanger E8, in order to exploit the cold, which can not be transmitted in the heat exchanger E3. As shown in FIG. 2, it is optionally possible to provide another cycle compressor C4, which is advantageously coupled to the expander X, and to compress the refrigerant mixture 21 warmed in the heat exchangers E3 and E8. Here, the compressor C4 can be integrated before or after the compressor C3. The thus pre-compressed refrigerant mixture 22 is again supplied to the input of the cycle compressor C3 after removal of the heat of compression in the heat exchanger E6. Alternatively or in addition to the compressor C4, the expander X may be coupled to a generator or an oil brake to dissipate the mechanical power. The inlet temperature of the liquefied hydrocarbon-rich fraction B in the separate heat exchanger E3 is preferably at least 3 ° C, in particular at least 5 ° C below its boiling point or, if the liquefied
Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion B in einem überkritischen Zustand vorliegt, sie liegt über -125 °C, vorzugsweise über -120 °C. Mittels dieser Verfahrensweisen wird wirkungsvoll vermieden, dass der Expanderkreislauf bei zu hoher Temperatur betrieben wird. Dies wäre wegen der dann starken Abhängigkeit der spezifischen Wärmekapazität des Stromes B nachteilig und hätte eine Verschlechterung des thermodynamischen Wirkungsgrades zur Folge. Wie in der Figur 2 dargestellt sind die für die Verdichtung des Kältemittels des Hydrocarbon-rich fraction B is in a supercritical state, it is above -125 ° C, preferably above -120 ° C. By means of these procedures is effectively avoided that the expander cycle is operated at too high a temperature. This would be disadvantageous because of the then strong dependence of the specific heat capacity of the stream B and would result in a deterioration of the thermodynamic efficiency. As shown in Figure 2, those for the compression of the refrigerant of the
Gemischkältekreislaufes erforderlichen Verdichter C1 und C2 sowie der für die Verdichtung des Kältemittelgemisches des Expanderkreislaufes erforderliche Mixed refrigerant circuit required compressor C1 and C2 and required for the compression of the refrigerant mixture of the expander cycle
Verdichter C3 zu einem Verdichterstrang zusammengefasst und werden gemeinsam angetrieben. Hierbei kommt als Antrieb eine Gasturbine, eine Dampfturbine, ein Elektromotor oder eine Kombination zweier vorgenannter Antriebsarten zur Compressor C3 combined to form a compressor train and are driven together. Here comes as a drive, a gas turbine, a steam turbine, a Electric motor or a combination of two aforementioned types of drive for
Anwendung. Application.
Das in der Figur 3 dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen The illustrated in the figure 3 embodiment of the invention
Verfahrens unterscheidet sich von dem in der Figur 2 dargestellten Method differs from that shown in FIG
Ausführungsbeispiel dadurch, dass das verdichtete Kältemittelgemisch 20 nach Abkühlung im Wärmetauscher E8 in zwei Teilströme 30 und 32 aufgeteilt wird. Hierbei weist der dem Expander X zugeführte Teilstrom 30 70 bis 95 %, vorzugsweise 80 bis 90 % des verdichteten Kältemittelgemischstromes 20 auf. Der nicht dem Expander X zugeführte Teilstrom 32 wird im Wärmetauscher E3 vollständig verflüssigt, ggf. Embodiment in that the compressed refrigerant mixture 20 is divided into two partial streams 30 and 32 after cooling in the heat exchanger E8. Here, the expander X supplied partial stream 30 70 to 95%, preferably 80 to 90% of the compressed mixed refrigerant stream 20 on. The non-expander X supplied partial stream 32 is completely liquefied in the heat exchanger E3, if necessary
unterkühlt und im Ventil V3 auf den Austrittsdruck des Expanders X1 entspannt. Der derart entspannte Teilstrom 32 und der im Expander X entspannte Teilstrom 31 werden entweder gemischt und gemeinsam dem kalten Ende des Wärmetauschers E3 zugespeist oder - wie in der Figur 3 dargestellt - dem Wärmetauscher E3 separat zugeführt. Anschließend wird das im Wärmetauscher E3 angewärmte subcooled and expanded in the valve V3 to the outlet pressure of the expander X1. The thus relaxed partial stream 32 and the relaxed in the expander X partial stream 31 are either mixed and fed together to the cold end of the heat exchanger E3 or - as shown in Figure 3 - the heat exchanger E3 fed separately. Subsequently, the warmed in the heat exchanger E3
Kältemittelgemisch 33 durch den Wärmetauscher E8 geführt, um die Kälte, die im Wärmetauscher E3 nicht übertragen werden kann, auszunutzen. Refrigerant mixture 33 passed through the heat exchanger E8 to take advantage of the cold, which can not be transferred in the heat exchanger E3.
Durch diese Verfahrensführung wird die Spitzenkälte nun nicht mehr durch den Austrittsstrom 31 aus dem Expander X bereitgestellt, sondern durch die Verdampfung des Flüssiganteils nach der Entspannung im Ventil V3. Folglich kann der Expander X auf einem höheren Temperaturniveau betrieben werden, wodurch bei ansonsten konstanten Bedingungen (Fluidmenge und -Zusammensetzung sowie Ein- und Austrittsdruck) die Kälteleistung steigt. Diese Verfahrensführung hat somit eine Steigerung des thermodynamischen Wirkungsgrades zur Folge. As a result of this process control, the peak cooling is no longer provided by the outlet flow 31 from the expander X, but rather by the evaporation of the liquid fraction after the expansion in the valve V3. Consequently, the expander X can be operated at a higher temperature level, whereby the cooling capacity increases under otherwise constant conditions (fluid quantity and composition as well as inlet and outlet pressure). This process procedure thus results in an increase in the thermodynamic efficiency.
In vorteilhafter Weise erfolgen die Verdichtungen des Kältemittels des Advantageously, the compression of the refrigerant of the
Gemischkältekreislaufes und des Kältemittelgemisches des Expanderkreislaufes mittels mehrerer paralleler Verdichterstränge, wobei diese in der Konfiguration Mixed refrigerant circuit and the refrigerant mixture of the expander cycle by means of several parallel compressor strands, these in the configuration
2 x 50 %, 3 x 50 %, 3 x 33 % oder 4 x 33 % der Gesamtleistung ausgelegt sind. Mittels dieser Verfahrensführung wird eine erhöhte Verfügbarkeit und/oder Anlagenkapazität ermöglicht. 2 x 50%, 3 x 50%, 3 x 33% or 4 x 33% of the total output are designed. By means of this procedure, increased availability and / or plant capacity is made possible.
Claims
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| RU2018114110A RU2725914C1 (en) | 2015-10-01 | 2016-09-20 | Method of liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction |
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| DE102015012758 | 2015-10-01 | ||
| DE102015012758.6 | 2015-10-01 | ||
| DE102016000393.6 | 2016-01-14 | ||
| DE102016000393.6A DE102016000393A1 (en) | 2015-10-01 | 2016-01-14 | Process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction |
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| PCT/EP2016/001665 Ceased WO2017054929A1 (en) | 2015-10-01 | 2016-09-20 | Method for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction |
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| DE (1) | DE102016000393A1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2725914C1 (en) |
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| CN110411145A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2019-11-05 | 气体产品与化学公司 | Improved method and system for cooling a hydrocarbon stream using a gas-phase refrigerant |
| EP3719425A1 (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2020-10-07 | Linde GmbH | Method and installation for liquefaction of a gas |
| CN114136054A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2022-03-04 | 气体产品与化学公司 | Method of controlling cooling of main heat exchanger in LNG plant |
| RU2792387C1 (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-03-21 | Публичное акционерное общество "НОВАТЭК" | Method for liquefiting natural gas "modified arctic cascade" and installation for its implementation |
| WO2024107081A1 (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2024-05-23 | Публичное акционерное общество "НОВАТЭК" | Method for liquefying natural gas and apparatus for carrying out same |
| EP4467138A2 (en) | 2017-10-18 | 2024-11-27 | IntraBio Ltd | Therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases |
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- 2016-09-20 WO PCT/EP2016/001665 patent/WO2017054929A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2016-09-20 RU RU2018114110A patent/RU2725914C1/en active
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| DE19722490C1 (en) | 1997-05-28 | 1998-07-02 | Linde Ag | Single flow liquefaction of hydrocarbon-rich stream especially natural gas with reduced energy consumption |
| DE102004032710A1 (en) * | 2004-07-06 | 2006-02-09 | Linde Ag | Method for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream, especially a natural gas stream, comprises separating a first coolant mixture cycle into a low boiling fraction and a higher boiling fraction |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4467138A2 (en) | 2017-10-18 | 2024-11-27 | IntraBio Ltd | Therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases |
| CN110411145A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2019-11-05 | 气体产品与化学公司 | Improved method and system for cooling a hydrocarbon stream using a gas-phase refrigerant |
| EP3719425A1 (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2020-10-07 | Linde GmbH | Method and installation for liquefaction of a gas |
| WO2020200516A1 (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2020-10-08 | Linde Gmbh | Method and system for condensing a gas |
| CN113710978A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2021-11-26 | 林德有限责任公司 | Method and apparatus for liquefying gas |
| CN114136054A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2022-03-04 | 气体产品与化学公司 | Method of controlling cooling of main heat exchanger in LNG plant |
| CN114136054B (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2023-09-29 | 气体产品与化学公司 | Method for controlling cooling of a main heat exchanger in a liquefied natural gas plant |
| RU2792387C1 (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-03-21 | Публичное акционерное общество "НОВАТЭК" | Method for liquefiting natural gas "modified arctic cascade" and installation for its implementation |
| WO2024107081A1 (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2024-05-23 | Публичное акционерное общество "НОВАТЭК" | Method for liquefying natural gas and apparatus for carrying out same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102016000393A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 |
| RU2725914C1 (en) | 2020-07-07 |
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