WO2016200350A1 - LONG LASTING VIOLET (MAGENTA)/VIOLET-BLUE PHOSPHORESCENT PIGMENTES IN THE CALCIUM ALUMINATE [CaAl2O4] SYSTEM - Google Patents
LONG LASTING VIOLET (MAGENTA)/VIOLET-BLUE PHOSPHORESCENT PIGMENTES IN THE CALCIUM ALUMINATE [CaAl2O4] SYSTEM Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016200350A1 WO2016200350A1 PCT/TR2015/050006 TR2015050006W WO2016200350A1 WO 2016200350 A1 WO2016200350 A1 WO 2016200350A1 TR 2015050006 W TR2015050006 W TR 2015050006W WO 2016200350 A1 WO2016200350 A1 WO 2016200350A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
- C09K11/7783—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing two or more rare earth metals one of which being europium
- C09K11/7792—Aluminates
Definitions
- This invention is about pigments with phosphorescence specification, having long term luminescence of violet ( magenta) / violet-blue colour in the dark and wide usage areas reguiring optimum specifications in the product obtained
- Phosphorescence is an event of a insulator to diffuse at room temperature even after exciting (generally UV ray) is suspended. This is a process occuring during trapping or distortion of trapping in specific defected areas of the charge carriers (e - or gaps) formed with this detained light exciting. Phosphorescence event besides luminescence center requires the presence of discrete layers in forbidden bandgap related with chemical and physical defects (contributions and gaps) in the main lattice. Some electrons and gaps occur with excitation are entrapped at these kind of layers. According to these defects and dimensional separation between luminescence centers or more precisely direct re-combination has low possibility in the lack of orbital overlaps. As a result, the trapped charge carriers stay at metastable state unless there is not enough energy to trigger of reunification
- Phosphorescent pigments absorb a certain wavelength of light and radiate it to surrounding when light source is removed.
- the long-lasting violet (magenta)/ violet-blue phosphorescent pigments in the dark are generally used in surface coating, mixed with glass, metal, ceramic, resin, polymer, plastic etc. or appropriate additional methods. They have wide usage areas.
- microtubes consisting of a very little amount of gas tritium in glass. Inner wall of microtube was coated with ZnS which diffuses green light, doped and undoped. The tritium amount used was as little as it can be neglected and radioactive beta particles were not able to go out from the glass they locked in.
- CaAl 2 O 4: Eu 2+, Nd 3+ phosphors are evaluated in watches, outdoor and dark ambient lighting with their violet/blue emission in the dark.
- Earth alkali aluminate systems activated with rare earth elements are long-lasting phosphorescent pigment systems. The most important property of them are strong light absorbtion, storage and emmission thanks to their crystal structure, long-afterglow property with high brightness, eventually. According to the light source (generally room light) they show emission for more than 12 hours after the light source is removed. Their brightness and decay times are ten times more than those of well known zinc sulphate phosphors. Earth alkali aluminate systems do not show any harmfull effects to the health not containing radioactive contribution. Apart from this, they are stable and resistant to atmospheric effects unlike zinc sulphate system. Light absorbtion and emission go on continuously.
- the violet (magenta) / violet-blue colour emitting phosphorescent pigments of calcium aluminates being most common and accomplished in the earth alkali aluminate systems were developed under the lights of previous studies reported in the literature.
- M Calcium (Ca) element R: Europium (Eu) as emission center, Dysprosium (Dy), Yttrium (Y) or Neodymium (Nd) Yttrium (Y), Praseodymium (Pr), Ytterbium (Yb), Erbium (Er), Gadolinium (Gd), Cerium (Ce), Samarium (Sm), Hafnium (Hf), Thulium (Tm) occur as co-dopant in the structure.
- the molar ranges of rare earth elements Eux, Dyy, Ndz, Yt, Prk, Ybl, Erm, Gdr, Cea, Smb, Hfc, Tmd which can be added to Sr4Al14O25 , the main phase are as follows:
- CaAl 2 O 4 Eu x , Dy y , Nd z , Y t , Pr k , Yb l , Er m , Gd r , Ce a , Sm b , Ho c , Tm d 0.0001 ⁇ x, y, z, t, k, l, m, r, a, b, c, d ⁇ 0.5
- These pigments are able to give diffusion (emission) peak values in the range of 430-460 nm wavelength according to spectrophotometer analysis.
- the phosphorescent pigments with long lasting violet (magenta) / violet-blue emission have been characterized by synthesizing via solid-state reaction method under reductive nitrogen (N 2 )-hydrogen (H 2 ) gas atmosphere.
- the synthesizing method and its specification consists of the relevant steps as follows: - Nitrogen (N 2 ) – hydrogen (H 2 ) 90-98.5 % N 2 is mentioned gas atmosphere and 1.5-10 % H 2 is used. - Appropriate raw materials are chosen for solid –state reaction method of the phosphorescence pigment (in oxide, carbonate, hydroxide etc. forms). The determined raw materials are selected with the proper purities ( >99.5 %) - To get long-afterglow phosphorescent pigment by the synthesizing method mentioned wet milling is applied for appropriate time by planetary mill (30 minutes-6 hours).
- Pigments with phosphorescence ability are used in plating on many product surfaces and can also be mixed with plastic, elastic, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), other synthetic resins and glass.
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- Ceramic glazes doped with phosphorescence pigments have potential usage in apartments, especially with basement ceramic production used in area where the wall and ground intersect. It can be a practical solution in the case of sudden electric cut, afterwards in emergency when the phosphorescent signs are placed beside stairs. Ceramic and glass products with phosphorescence pigment can be used as decor. As a border, glow stone, overlays in kitchen, bathroom or pool, ceramics with phosphorescent pigments containing glazes also provide visual richness which could be of ceramic artists interest.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Long-lasting violet (magenta) / violet-vlue phosphorescent pigments in the calcium aluminate (CaAl2O4) system. This invention is about pigments with phosphorescence property, having long-lasting luminescence of violet (magenta) / violet-blue colour in the dark and wide usage areas requesting optimum specifications in the product obtained.
Description
This invention is about pigments with
phosphorescence specification, having long term luminescence
of violet ( magenta) / violet-blue colour in the dark and
wide usage areas reguiring optimum specifications in the
product obtained
Phosphorescence (or luminescence) is an event of a
insulator to diffuse at room temperature even after exciting
(generally UV ray) is suspended. This is a process occuring
during trapping or distortion of trapping in specific
defected areas of the charge carriers (e- or
gaps) formed with this detained light exciting.
Phosphorescence event besides luminescence center requires
the presence of discrete layers in forbidden bandgap related
with chemical and physical defects (contributions and gaps)
in the main lattice. Some electrons and gaps occur with
excitation are entrapped at these kind of layers. According
to these defects and dimensional separation between
luminescence centers or more precisely direct re-combination
has low possibility in the lack of orbital overlaps. As a
result, the trapped charge carriers stay at metastable state
unless there is not enough energy to trigger of reunification
Phosphorescent pigments absorb a certain
wavelength of light and radiate it to surrounding when light
source is removed.
The long-lasting violet (magenta)/ violet-blue
phosphorescent pigments in the dark are generally used in
surface coating, mixed with glass, metal, ceramic, resin,
polymer, plastic etc. or appropriate additional methods.
They have wide usage areas.
When the long-lasting violet (magenta)/
violet-blue phosphorescent pigments compared with
traditional sulphur phosphors, it is quite clear that they
have more long-afterglow luminescence, better stability and
not include radioactivity. So, they are used in speed
indicators, airports, buildings etc.
Until a few years ago, the only practically known
phosphorescence compound were copper and cobalt-doped zinc
sulfate (ZnS: Cu+, Co2+).
Phosphorescence applications remained limited due to the
large number of defects. There are two undesired
specifications in the ZnS: Cu+, Co2+
material; short decay time (nearly 1 hour) and sensivity to
humidity. These two specifications have brought limitation
seriously. But, this material is still used in watches and
wall clocks to show the time in the dark. Tens of years ago,
radioactive materials such as promethium, mezotorium and
trithium were attached to the main lattice consists of ZnS
to eliminate the loss of luminescence intensity in a short
time. On those days, Swiss producers managed to isolate
microtubes consisting of a very little amount of gas tritium
in glass. Inner wall of microtube was coated with ZnS which
diffuses green light, doped and undoped. The tritium amount
used was as little as it can be neglected and radioactive
beta particles were not able to go out from the glass they
locked in.
Due to high quantum efficiency and long term
intense phosphorescence and stability, calcium aluminate
phosphors doped with rare earth metal ions were studied in
details in the literature and it was determined that they
potentially have wide range of applications. Especially
CaAl2O4: Eu2+,
Nd3+ phosphors are evaluated in watches, outdoor
and dark ambient lighting with their violet/blue emission in
the dark.
Earth alkali aluminate systems activated with rare
earth elements are long-lasting phosphorescent pigment
systems. The most important property of them are strong
light absorbtion, storage and emmission thanks to their
crystal structure, long-afterglow property with high
brightness, eventually. According to the light source
(generally room light) they show emission for more than 12
hours after the light source is removed. Their brightness
and decay times are ten times more than those of well known
zinc sulphate phosphors. Earth alkali aluminate systems do
not show any harmfull effects to the health not containing
radioactive contribution. Apart from this, they are stable
and resistant to atmospheric effects unlike zinc sulphate
system. Light absorbtion and emission go on continuously.
In this invention, the violet (magenta) /
violet-blue colour emitting phosphorescent pigments of
calcium aluminates being most common and accomplished in the
earth alkali aluminate systems were developed under the
lights of previous studies reported in the literature.
When we characterized long-lasting violet
(magenta) / violet-blue colour emitting phosphorescent
pigments in calcium aluminate
(CaAl2O4)
system:
MAl2O4:R x,y,z,t,k,l,m,r,a,b,c,d is valid.
M: Calcium (Ca) element
R: Europium (Eu) as emission center, Dysprosium (Dy), Yttrium (Y) or Neodymium (Nd) Yttrium (Y), Praseodymium (Pr), Ytterbium (Yb), Erbium (Er), Gadolinium (Gd), Cerium (Ce), Samarium (Sm), Hafnium (Hf), Thulium (Tm) occur as co-dopant in the structure.
MAl2O4:R x,y,z,t,k,l,m,r,a,b,c,d is valid.
M: Calcium (Ca) element
R: Europium (Eu) as emission center, Dysprosium (Dy), Yttrium (Y) or Neodymium (Nd) Yttrium (Y), Praseodymium (Pr), Ytterbium (Yb), Erbium (Er), Gadolinium (Gd), Cerium (Ce), Samarium (Sm), Hafnium (Hf), Thulium (Tm) occur as co-dopant in the structure.
1. In the phosphorescent pigments having long
lasting violet (magenta) / violet-blue emission mentioned
in the claim 1 the molar ranges of rare earth elements; Eux,
Dyy, Ndz, Yt, Prk, Ybl, Erm, Gdr, Cea, Smb, Hfc, Tmd which
can be added to Sr4Al14O25 , the main phase are as follows:
| CaAl 2 O 4 : Eu x , Dy y , Nd z , Y t , Pr k , Yb l , Er m , Gd r , Ce a , Sm b , Ho c , Tm d | 0.0001≤ x, y, z, t, k, l, m, r, a, b, c, d≤0.5 |
These pigments are able to give diffusion
(emission) peak values in the range of 430-460 nm wavelength
according to spectrophotometer analysis.
The phosphorescent pigments with long lasting
violet (magenta) / violet-blue emission have been
characterized by synthesizing via solid-state reaction
method under reductive nitrogen (N2)-hydrogen
(H2) gas atmosphere.
The synthesizing method and its specification
consists of the relevant steps as follows:
- Nitrogen (N2) – hydrogen (H2) 90-98.5 % N2 is mentioned gas atmosphere and 1.5-10 % H2 is used.
- Appropriate raw materials are chosen for solid –state reaction method of the phosphorescence pigment (in oxide, carbonate, hydroxide etc. forms). The determined raw materials are selected with the proper purities ( >99.5 %)
- To get long-afterglow phosphorescent pigment by the synthesizing method mentioned wet milling is applied for appropriate time by planetary mill (30 minutes-6 hours).
- In the the wet milling process mentioned the proper wet medium (ethanol, propanol-2, pure water etc.), appropriate milling and mixing media, aluminum and zirconium oxide balls in the diameter of 1mm-, and their jars are provided
A) In the synthesizing method mentioned to get long-afterglow phosphorescent pigment a proper gas flow rate (0.1-0.5 lt/min) is set in the sintering furnace.
B) In the synthesizing method mentioned to obtain CaAl2O4 phase a proper sintering temperatures (1250-1550 oC) and time (30 minutes – 6 hours) are set in the furnace.
- In the synthesizing method mentioned the wet milled and then dried batch is loaded in proper crucibles.The conditions indicated in A and B.
- In the synthesizing method mentioned to get long-afterglow phosphorescent pigment dry to the bulk phosphor is performed under proper conditions for certain time to obtain particle sizes previously determined depending on the application field of the pigment.
- Nitrogen (N2) – hydrogen (H2) 90-98.5 % N2 is mentioned gas atmosphere and 1.5-10 % H2 is used.
- Appropriate raw materials are chosen for solid –state reaction method of the phosphorescence pigment (in oxide, carbonate, hydroxide etc. forms). The determined raw materials are selected with the proper purities ( >99.5 %)
- To get long-afterglow phosphorescent pigment by the synthesizing method mentioned wet milling is applied for appropriate time by planetary mill (30 minutes-6 hours).
- In the the wet milling process mentioned the proper wet medium (ethanol, propanol-2, pure water etc.), appropriate milling and mixing media, aluminum and zirconium oxide balls in the diameter of 1mm-, and their jars are provided
A) In the synthesizing method mentioned to get long-afterglow phosphorescent pigment a proper gas flow rate (0.1-0.5 lt/min) is set in the sintering furnace.
B) In the synthesizing method mentioned to obtain CaAl2O4 phase a proper sintering temperatures (1250-1550 oC) and time (30 minutes – 6 hours) are set in the furnace.
- In the synthesizing method mentioned the wet milled and then dried batch is loaded in proper crucibles.The conditions indicated in A and B.
- In the synthesizing method mentioned to get long-afterglow phosphorescent pigment dry to the bulk phosphor is performed under proper conditions for certain time to obtain particle sizes previously determined depending on the application field of the pigment.
Pigments with phosphorescence ability are used in
plating on many product surfaces and can also be mixed with
plastic, elastic, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), other synthetic
resins and glass.
They find themselves a wide usage area in traffic
safety signs, traffic control gloves, reflection plates of
vehicles, reflection flags, highway signs, tyres, shoes,
trench coats, telephone keypad overlays, watches, stair
edges, emergency exit signs, the surface of the fire
extinguisher cylinder, toys, writing tools. Apart from
these, ceramic glazes doped with phosphorescence pigments
have potential usage in apartments, especially with basement
ceramic production used in area where the wall and ground
intersect. It can be a practical solution in the case of
sudden electric cut, afterwards in emergency when the
phosphorescent signs are placed beside stairs. Ceramic and
glass products with phosphorescence pigment can be used as
decor. As a border, glow stone, overlays in kitchen,
bathroom or pool, ceramics with phosphorescent pigments
containing glazes also provide visual richness which could
be of ceramic artists interest.
Claims (4)
- In the calcium aluminate (CaAl2O4) system, violet (magenta) / violet-blue phosphorescent pigments with long-lasting phosphorescence property in the dark
M4Al2O4: R x, y, z, t, k, l, m, r, a, b, c, d is valid:
M: Calcium (Ca) element
R: Europium (Eu) as emission center, Dysprosium (Dy), Yttrium (Y) or Neodymium (Nd) Yttrium (Y), Praseodymium (Pr), Ytterbium (Yb), Erbium (Er), Gadolinium (Gd), Cerium (Ce), Samarium (Sm), Hafnium (Hf), Thulium (Tm) occur as co-dopant in the structure. - In the phosphorescent pigments having long lasting violet (magenta) / violet-blue emission mentioned in the claim 1 the molar ranges of rare earth elements; Eux, Dyy, Ndz, Yt, Prk, Ybl, Erm, Gdr, Cea, Smb, Hfc, Tmd which can be added to CaAl2O4 the main phase are as follows: Reference---Table 1.
- The phosphorescent pigments with long lasting violet (magenta) / violet-blue mentioned in the claim 1-2 have been characterized by synthesizing via solid-state reaction method under reductive nitrogen (N2) – hydrogen (H2) gas atmosphere.
- Claim 3 indicates the synthesizing method and its specification consists of the relevant steps as follows:
- Mentioned gas atmosphere is nitrogen (N2) – hydrogen (H2) mixture. 90-98.5 % N2 and 1.5-10 H2 % is used.
- Appropriate raw materials are chosen for solid-state reaction method of the phosphorescence pigment (in oxide, carbonate, hydroxide etc. forms). The determined raw materials are selected with the proper purities (>99.5 %).
- To get long-afterglow phosphorescent pigment by the synthesizing method mentioned wet milling is applied for appropriate time by planetary mill (30 minutes – 6 hours).
-In the wet milling process mentioned the proper wet medium (ethanol, propanol-2 pure water, etc.), appropriate milling and mixing media, aluminum and zirconuim oxide balls in the diameter of 1mm-, and their jars are provided.
C) In the synthesizing method mentioned to get long-afterglow phosphorescent pigment a proper gas flow rate (0.1-0.50 lt/min) is set in the sintering furnace.
D) In the synthesizing method mentioned to obtain CaAl2O4 phase a proper sintering temperature (1250-1600 oC) and time (30 minutes-6 hours) are set in the furnace.
- In the synthesizing method mentioned the wet-milled and then dried batch is loaded in proper crucibles. The conditions indicated in A and B are followed:
- In the synthesizing method mentioned to get long-afterglow phosphorescent pigment dry milling to the bulk phosphor is performed under proper conditions for certain time to obtain particle sizes previously determined depending on the application field of the pigment.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/TR2015/050006 WO2016200350A1 (en) | 2015-06-10 | 2015-06-10 | LONG LASTING VIOLET (MAGENTA)/VIOLET-BLUE PHOSPHORESCENT PIGMENTES IN THE CALCIUM ALUMINATE [CaAl2O4] SYSTEM |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/TR2015/050006 WO2016200350A1 (en) | 2015-06-10 | 2015-06-10 | LONG LASTING VIOLET (MAGENTA)/VIOLET-BLUE PHOSPHORESCENT PIGMENTES IN THE CALCIUM ALUMINATE [CaAl2O4] SYSTEM |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO2016200350A1 true WO2016200350A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/TR2015/050006 Ceased WO2016200350A1 (en) | 2015-06-10 | 2015-06-10 | LONG LASTING VIOLET (MAGENTA)/VIOLET-BLUE PHOSPHORESCENT PIGMENTES IN THE CALCIUM ALUMINATE [CaAl2O4] SYSTEM |
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| WO (1) | WO2016200350A1 (en) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8298441B1 (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2012-10-30 | The Sherwin-Williams Company | Method for incorporating water soluble, reactive, phosphorescent pigments into a stable waterborne coating through pH buffering |
-
2015
- 2015-06-10 WO PCT/TR2015/050006 patent/WO2016200350A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8298441B1 (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2012-10-30 | The Sherwin-Williams Company | Method for incorporating water soluble, reactive, phosphorescent pigments into a stable waterborne coating through pH buffering |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| HOLSA J ET AL: "Persistent luminescence of Eu<2+> doped alkaline earth aluminates, MAl2O4:Eu<2+>", JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS, ELSEVIER SEQUOIA, LAUSANNE, CH, vol. 323-324, 12 July 2001 (2001-07-12), pages 326 - 330, XP027389893, ISSN: 0925-8388, [retrieved on 20010712] * |
| HOLSA J ET AL: "Role of defect states in persistent luminescence materials", JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS, ELSEVIER SEQUOIA, LAUSANNE, CH, vol. 374, no. 1-2, 14 July 2004 (2004-07-14), pages 56 - 59, XP004514895, ISSN: 0925-8388, DOI: 10.1016/J.JALLCOM.2003.11.064 * |
| QIU ET AL: "Combustion synthesis of long-persistent luminescent MAl2O4: Eu<2+>, R<3+> (M=Sr, Ba, Ca, R=Dy, Nd and La) nanoparticles and luminescence mechanism research", ACTA MATERIALIA, ELSEVIER, OXFORD, GB, vol. 55, no. 8, 6 April 2007 (2007-04-06), pages 2615 - 2620, XP022023964, ISSN: 1359-6454, DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTAMAT.2006.12.018 * |
| WEI XIE ET AL: "The long Afterglow and Thermoluminescence Properties of MAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Eu<sup>2+</sup>, Dy<sup>3+</sup>(M=Ca, Sr and Ba) Phosphors Syntheized by Combustion Technique", ADVANCED MATERIALS RESEARCH, vol. 197-198, 1 February 2011 (2011-02-01), pages 318 - 322, XP055224621, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.197-198.318 * |
| XUHUI XU ET AL: "CaAl2O4:Eu2+,Nd3+,Sr2+: A White-Light Phosphor with Yellow-Green Long Afterglow", ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID-STATE LETTERS., vol. 12, no. 4, 1 January 2009 (2009-01-01), US, pages J44, XP055224633, ISSN: 1099-0062, DOI: 10.1149/1.3075902 * |
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