WO2016132966A1 - タービン用シール装置及びタービン、並びにシール装置用の薄板 - Google Patents
タービン用シール装置及びタービン、並びにシール装置用の薄板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016132966A1 WO2016132966A1 PCT/JP2016/053801 JP2016053801W WO2016132966A1 WO 2016132966 A1 WO2016132966 A1 WO 2016132966A1 JP 2016053801 W JP2016053801 W JP 2016053801W WO 2016132966 A1 WO2016132966 A1 WO 2016132966A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- pressure space
- thin plate
- turbine
- end portion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/02—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
- F01D11/12—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/28—Arrangement of seals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/18—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with stuffing-boxes for elastic or plastic packings
- F16J15/20—Packing materials therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/18—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with stuffing-boxes for elastic or plastic packings
- F16J15/20—Packing materials therefor
- F16J15/22—Packing materials therefor shaped as strands, ropes, threads, ribbons, or the like
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
- F16J15/3284—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings characterised by their structure; Selection of materials
- F16J15/3292—Lamellar structures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/44—Free-space packings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/31—Application in turbines in steam turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/55—Seals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/55—Seals
- F05D2240/59—Lamellar seals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/30—Arrangement of components
- F05D2250/31—Arrangement of components according to the direction of their main axis or their axis of rotation
- F05D2250/314—Arrangement of components according to the direction of their main axis or their axis of rotation the axes being inclined in relation to each other
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/70—Shape
- F05D2250/71—Shape curved
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/44—Free-space packings
- F16J15/444—Free-space packings with facing materials having honeycomb-like structure
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a turbine sealing device and a turbine used for a turbine, and a thin plate for the sealing device.
- a seal device is provided between the outer peripheral surface of the rotor and the tip of the stator to reduce the amount of leakage of fluid flowing from the high pressure side to the low pressure side.
- a thin plate sealing structure in which a plurality of thin plates (leafs) are arranged in a multilayer shape in the circumferential direction of the rotor, as described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 and the like.
- the thin plate is in contact with the rotor, but when the turbine is operating, the thin plate tip is lifted from the rotor circumferential surface, and the thin plate is not in contact with the rotor, or in the non-contact state and the contact state.
- the thin plate seal structure has less clearance than the labyrinth seal structure, so there is less fluid leakage, and the thin plate is not in contact with the rotor.
- the thin plate sealing structure of Patent Documents 1 to 3 if the non-contact state between the thin plate and the rotor is not properly formed during the operation of the turbine, there is a possibility that the thin plate tip portion may be excessively contacted with the rotor and worn. And the advantage that the seal life is long may be impaired.
- the thin plate has a cantilever structure in which the base end portion is supported by the stator and the tip end side is a free end, and fluid flows around the thin plate. Vibration may occur.
- At least one embodiment of the present invention provides a turbine seal device that can effectively suppress vibration caused by flutter of a thin plate while appropriately realizing a non-contact state of the thin plate (leaf) to the rotor, and It is an object to provide a thin plate for a turbine and a sealing device.
- a turbine sealing device includes: A turbine sealing device provided around a rotor so as to separate a high pressure space and a low pressure space, A base end portion arranged along the outer peripheral surface of the rotor and positioned outside the rotor in the radial direction and supported by the stationary portion of the turbine, and positioned inside the rotor in the radial direction A plurality of thin plates each including a tip portion having a tip surface facing the outer peripheral surface of the rotor, Each of the thin plates has a width direction of the thin plate parallel to the axial direction of the rotor on the base end side.
- the tip of each thin plate is characterized in that, in a cross section along the width direction of the thin plate, one end on the high-pressure space side is located downstream of the other end on the low-pressure space side in the rotation direction of the rotor. To do.
- the width direction of the thin plate is parallel to the axial direction of the rotor on the base end side. Therefore, the base end side of the thin plate is not easily affected by dynamic pressure, and the base end side is twisted with respect to the axial direction of the rotor, and can be prevented from inhibiting floating from the rotor outer peripheral surface on the tip end side.
- one end on the high-pressure space side is positioned downstream of the other end on the low-pressure space side in the rotation direction of the rotor.
- the region on the high-pressure space side of the front end portion of the thin plate has an angle of attack exceeding 0 ° with respect to the flow of fluid from the high-pressure space side to the low-pressure space side.
- the tip region on the high-pressure space side is likely to float from the outer peripheral surface of the rotor due to the influence of dynamic pressure, and a non-contact state between the rotor and the thin plate can be appropriately realized. That is, the tip region on the high-pressure space side of the thin plate is easily lifted by being pushed up from the outer peripheral surface of the rotor by the influence of dynamic pressure.
- the tip end region on the high pressure space side is twisted and deformed with respect to the axial direction of the rotor under the influence of dynamic pressure, the thin plates on the low pressure space side are likely to contact each other. In this way, when the thin plates come into contact with each other, the thin plates support each other, so that vibration of the thin plates due to flutter can be suppressed.
- Each said thin plate In a first position closest to the high-pressure space in the width direction of the thin, the positional deviation amount of the sheet from the base end to the rotating direction of the downstream side to the tip and [Delta] x 1, In a second position closest to the low-pressure space in the width direction of the sheet, when the positional deviation amount of the sheet from the base end to the downstream side of the rotational direction to the tip was [Delta] x 2, The relationship ⁇ x 1 > ⁇ x 2 > 0 is established.
- the distal end portion of the thin plate is displaced to the downstream side in the rotation direction of the rotor as compared with the base end portion even on the low pressure space side, the thin plates are in contact with each other on the low pressure space side. Is more likely to occur.
- Each of the thin plates further includes a curved twisted portion that is located between the proximal end portion and the distal end portion and connects the proximal end portion and the distal end portion.
- the flow separation hardly occurs around the thin plate, so that the non-contact state of the thin plate tip is not hindered from forming the static pressure distribution between the thin plates for floating the thin plate tip. Can be realized stably.
- Each of the thin plates is bent by at least one bending line that goes inward in the radial direction as it approaches the low-pressure space side from the high-pressure space side. According to the configuration of (4) above, processing of the thin plate tip is facilitated.
- a first side plate that is provided to face the high-pressure space and covers an outer peripheral side region of the first side surfaces of the plurality of thin plates on the high-pressure space side;
- a second side plate that is provided so as to face the low-pressure space and covers an outer peripheral side region among the second side surfaces of the plurality of thin plates on the low-pressure space side, The first side surface of each of the thin plates is covered with the first side plate to the inner side in the radial direction of the rotor, rather than a region where the second side surface is covered with the second side plate.
- the radial position of the tip surface of each thin plate has a distribution in the axial direction of the rotor such that the high-pressure space side is farther from the outer peripheral surface of the rotor than the low-pressure space side, and The radial position of the thin plate front end surface at the axial position closest to the high-pressure space is located on the inner side in the radial direction than the inner peripheral edge of the second side plate.
- the flow rate of the upward flow described above on the high-pressure space side increases, and the gap between the thin plates on the low-pressure space side becomes relatively narrow.
- the torsional deformation of the thin plates due to the upward flow is increased, and the thin plates are more easily contacted with each other on the low pressure space side accompanying the torsional deformation. Thereby, the vibration of the thin plate by a flutter can be suppressed effectively.
- a retainer for holding the base end side of the plurality of thin plates The first side plate and the second side plate are respectively supported by the retainer while being sandwiched between the retainer and both side surfaces of the plurality of thin plates.
- a turbine includes: A rotor having turbine blades; A sealing device according to any one of (1) to (7) provided around the rotor so as to separate the annular space around the rotor into a high-pressure space and a low-pressure space. .
- a turbine can be provided.
- a thin plate for a sealing device according to at least one embodiment of the present invention, A thin plate for a sealing device according to any one of (1) to (7) above.
- the base end side of the thin plate is hardly affected by dynamic pressure, and the tip end side is easily lifted from the outer peripheral surface of the rotor by the influence of dynamic pressure.
- the non-contact state with can be realized appropriately.
- the tip end region on the high pressure space side is twisted and deformed with respect to the axial direction of the rotor under the influence of dynamic pressure, the thin plates on the low pressure space side are likely to contact each other. Therefore, it is also possible to suppress the vibration of the thin plate due to the flutter.
- FIG. (A) is a perspective view which shows typically the sealing device which concerns on some embodiment
- (b) is a figure which shows typically arrangement
- (A) is the figure which showed the static pressure distribution in the clearance gap between the thin plates which concerns on one Embodiment
- (b) is a cross section perpendicular
- FIG. (A) is sectional drawing of the sealing device which concerns on one Embodiment
- (b) is A direction arrow view of the sealing device shown to (a)
- (c) is B of the sealing device shown to (a).
- (d) is a perspective view of the thin plate shown to (a).
- (A) is sectional drawing of the sealing device which concerns on other embodiment,
- (b) is a C direction arrow view of the sealing device shown to (a),
- (c) is the sealing device shown to (a).
- (d) is a perspective view of the thin plate shown to (a).
- (A) is sectional drawing of the sealing device which concerns on other embodiment,
- (b) is E direction arrow view of the sealing device shown to (a),
- (c) is the sealing device shown to (a).
- (d) is a perspective view of the thin plate shown to (a).
- (A) is sectional drawing of the sealing device which concerns on other embodiment
- (b) is a G direction arrow view of the sealing device shown to (a)
- (c) is the sealing device shown to (a). It is a H direction arrow line view
- (d) is a perspective view of the thin plate shown to (a).
- (A) is sectional drawing of the sealing device which concerns on other embodiment
- (b) is an I direction arrow directional view of the sealing device shown to (a)
- (c) is the sealing device shown to (a).
- (d) is a perspective view of the thin plate shown to (a). It is a perspective view of the thin plate shown in FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the space
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating a steam turbine 1 according to some embodiments.
- the steam turbine 1 is configured to rotationally drive the rotor 2 with steam introduced from a steam inlet 4 into a casing (cabinet) 7 a.
- a steam discharge mechanism such as an exhaust chamber is omitted.
- the steam turbine 1 includes a plurality of moving blades 6 provided on the rotor 2 side, a stator (stationary portion) 7 including a casing 7a and a plurality of stationary blades 7b provided on the casing 7a side, And a sealing device 10 provided at the tip of the stationary blade 7b.
- the plurality of moving blades 6 and the plurality of stationary blades 7 b are alternately arranged in the direction of the rotation axis O of the rotor 2 (hereinafter referred to as the axial direction).
- the steam flowing along the axial direction passes through the rotor blade 6 and the stationary blade 7b, so that the rotor 2 rotates, and the rotational energy given to the rotor 2 is taken out from the shaft end and used for power generation or the like. ing.
- FIG. 2A is a perspective view schematically showing the sealing device 10 according to some embodiments
- FIG. 2B is a diagram schematically showing the arrangement of the thin plates 11 in the sealing device 10.
- FIG. 3A is a view showing a static pressure distribution in the gap between the thin plates 11 according to the embodiment
- FIG. 3B is a cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis O of the rotor 2, and the operation of the thin plate 11. It is a figure for demonstrating. 4-9 is a figure which shows the structure of the sealing device 10 which concerns on each embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the interval between the thin plates 11.
- the sealing device 10 As shown in FIGS. 2 to 8, the sealing device 10 according to the present embodiment is provided around the rotor 2 so as to separate the high pressure space 8 and the low pressure space 9, and fluid that leaks from the high pressure space 8 to the low pressure space 9. It is configured to reduce the amount of (combustion gas) leakage.
- the sealing device 10 has a thin plate sealing structure in which a plurality of thin plates (leafs) 11 are arranged in a multilayer shape in the circumferential direction of the rotor 2.
- the sealing device 10 includes a plurality of thin plates 11 arranged along the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2, a first side plate 20 provided so as to face the high pressure space 8, and the low pressure space 9. 2nd side plate 22 provided so that it may face.
- the plurality of thin plates 11 are provided in an annular space between the rotor 2 and the stator 7, and are arranged in multiple layers in the circumferential direction of the rotor 2 with a minute space therebetween.
- the plurality of thin plates 11 substantially coincide with each other in the width direction position with respect to the axial direction of the rotor 2.
- Each thin plate 11 has flexibility, the base end part 14 side is fixed to the stator 7, and the front-end
- Each thin plate 11 is arranged to be inclined with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2 so as to form an acute angle in the circumferential direction.
- each thin plate 11 is disposed to be inclined so as to have an angle exceeding 0 ° with respect to the radial direction of the rotor 2.
- the distal end portion 12 of each thin plate 11 is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2.
- the first side plate 20 is an annular thin plate, and is provided so as to face the high-pressure space 8.
- the first side surface 20 a of the plurality of thin plates 11 on the high-pressure space 8 side has an outer peripheral side region (on the base end portion 14 side). Region).
- the second side plate 22 is an annular thin plate, and is provided so as to face the low pressure space 9.
- the second side surface 22 b of the plurality of thin plates 11 on the low pressure space 9 side has an outer peripheral side region (on the base end portion 14 side). Region).
- the outer peripheral side is the outer side in the radial direction of the rotor 2.
- the first side surface 13 a of each thin plate 11 is covered by the first side plate 20 to the inside in the radial direction of the rotor 2 rather than the region where the second side surface 13 b is covered by the second side plate 22. ing. That is, the distance from the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2 to the inner peripheral edge 20a (rotor 2 side end portion) of the first side plate 20 is equal to the inner peripheral edge 22a (rotor 2 side end portion) of the second side plate 22 from the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2. Smaller than the distance to
- FIG. 3A shows a cross section of the sealing device 10 along a plane passing through the gap between the thin plates 11, and FIG. 3B shows a seal along a plane perpendicular to the width direction of the thin plate 11.
- a cross section of the device 10, that is, a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the rotor 2 is shown.
- the thin plate 11 is inclined with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2, so that the lower surface 11 b facing the rotor 2, the back surface thereof and the stator 7 And an upper surface 11a facing (see FIG. 1).
- the gap between the thin plate 11 and the second side plate 22 in the width direction of the thin plate 11 is larger than the gap between the thin plate 11 and the first side plate 20. large.
- the fluid g flowing from the high-pressure space 8 through the gap between the thin plates 11 through the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2 and the inner peripheral edge 20a of the first side plate 20 is the tip 12 on the high-pressure space 8 side.
- An upward flow from the end r1 toward the corner r2 on the base end 14 side on the low-pressure space 9 side is formed.
- the upward flow is formed radially from the end r1 side of the tip 12 on the high-pressure space 8 side in the gap between the thin plates 11.
- the fluid g forms a downward flow in the gap between the thin plate 11 and the second side plate 22, passes between the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2 and the inner peripheral edge 22 a of the second side plate 22, and the low pressure space 9. To leak.
- the fluid pressure distributions 30b and 30c applied perpendicularly to the upper surface 11a and the lower surface 11b of each thin plate 11 are larger toward the distal end portion 12 side, and are closer to the proximal end portion 14 side. It becomes a triangular distribution shape that becomes smaller as it goes to.
- the shapes of the fluid pressure distributions 30b and 30c on the upper surface 11a and the lower surface 11b are substantially the same as each other, but the thin plates 11 are disposed so as to be inclined with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2.
- the relative positions of the fluid pressure distributions 30b and 30c on the upper surface 11a and the lower surface 11b are shifted by the dimension s1, and the upper surface 11a and the lower surface at an arbitrary point P from the base end portion 14 side to the distal end portion 12 side of the thin plate 11.
- the fluid pressure of 11b is compared, a difference will arise in both.
- the fluid pressure applied to the lower surface 11b (referred to as Fb) is higher than the gas pressure applied to the upper surface 11a (referred to as Fa).
- Fb the fluid pressure applied to the lower surface 11b
- Fa the gas pressure applied to the upper surface 11a
- each thin plate 11 acts in the direction of floating from the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2 (this is referred to as Fc) and cancels out, no force is generated to try to press the tip of the thin plate 11 against the rotor 2. . Therefore, since the pressure load due to the fluid pressure applied to each thin plate 11 satisfies (Fb + Fc)> Fa, each thin plate 11 can be deformed so as to float above the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2. Therefore, a pressure difference is generated between the upper surface 11 a and the lower surface 11 b of each thin plate 11, and the thin plate 11 can be deformed so as to float from the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2 to form a non-contact state.
- the thin plate 11 and the rotor 2 are mainly in a non-contact state, but the non-contact state and the contact state may be mixed in time series.
- each thin plate 11 is designed to have a predetermined rigidity determined by the plate thickness in the axial direction of the rotor 2.
- each thin plate 11 is attached to the stator 7 so that an angle formed with the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2 with respect to the rotation direction of the rotor 2 is an acute angle.
- the tips of the thin plates 11 are in contact with the rotor 2 with a predetermined preload.
- the tips of the thin plates 11 rise due to the dynamic pressure effect generated by the rotation of the rotor 2. It becomes a non-contact state.
- the sealing device 10 having the above-described configuration further includes the following configuration for the purpose of effectively suppressing vibration due to flutter of the thin plate 11 while appropriately realizing the non-contact state of the thin plate 11 with the rotor 2.
- each thin plate 11 has a width direction of the thin plate 11 parallel to the axial direction of the rotor 2 on the base end portion 14 side. It is configured. That is, in each of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 4 to 8, the width direction between the first side surface 13a and the second side surface 13b of the thin plate 11 is the rotor 2 as shown in the cross section on the base end portion 14 side shown in FIG. It is parallel to the axial direction. Thereby, the base end part 14 side of the thin plate 11 is hardly affected by dynamic pressure, and the base end part 14 side is twisted with respect to the axial direction of the rotor 2, and it is possible to suppress the floating on the tip end part 12 side.
- the tip 12 of each thin plate 11 has one end on the high pressure space 8 side positioned on the downstream side in the rotational direction of the rotor 2 relative to the other end on the low pressure space 9 side in the cross section along the width direction of the thin plate 11. . That is, in each of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 4 to 8, the end 12 b on the high pressure space 8 side is closer to the end 12 c on the low pressure space 9 side than the end 12 c on the low pressure space 9 side. It is located downstream in the rotational direction. For this reason, at least the region on the high pressure space 8 side of the tip portion 12 of the thin plate 11 has an angle of attack exceeding 0 ° with respect to the fluid flow from the high pressure space 8 side to the low pressure space 9 side.
- the tip 12 region on the high-pressure space 8 side is likely to float from the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2 due to the influence of dynamic pressure, and a non-contact state between the rotor 2 and the thin plate 11 can be appropriately realized. That is, the tip 12 region of the thin plate 11 on the high pressure space 8 side is easily lifted by being pushed up from the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2 due to the influence of dynamic pressure. Further, the tip 12 region on the high pressure space 8 side is torsionally deformed with respect to the axial direction of the rotor 2 under the influence of dynamic pressure, so that the thin plates 11 are easily brought into contact with each other on the low pressure space 9 side. When the thin plates 11 come into contact with each other in this way, the thin plates 11 support each other, so that vibration of the thin plate 11 due to flutter can be suppressed.
- the tip portion 12 of the thin plate 11 floats from the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2 due to the static pressure distribution as described above, and is in a non-contact state with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2.
- the flexible thin plate 11 has a slightly curved shape in the length direction from the proximal end portion 14 to the distal end portion 12.
- the flying height of the end portion 12b on the high pressure space 8 side is larger than the flying height of the end portion 12c on the low pressure space 9 side. That is, as in the cross section of the tip portion 12 shown in FIGS. 4 to 8B, the end portion 12b on the high pressure space 8 side is originally downstream in the rotational direction of the rotor 2 than the end portion 12c on the low pressure space 9 side.
- the position of the end 12b on the high-pressure space 8 side is further downstream in the rotational direction of the rotor 2 due to the fact that the end 12b on the high-pressure space 8 side further floats under the influence of dynamic pressure. Shift to the side. Therefore, the thin plate 11 is further twisted and deformed in the width direction.
- the circumferential length R 2 passing through the proximal end portion 14 of the thin plate 11 is the circumferential length passing through the distal end portion 12. It is greater than R 1. Due to the circumferential length difference between the circumferential length R 2 and the circumferential length R 1 , the distance ⁇ T 2 between the base end portions 14 of the adjacent thin plates 11 becomes larger than the distance ⁇ T 1 between the distal end portions 12. That is, the interval between the distal end portions 12 in adjacent thin plates 11 is narrower than the interval between the proximal end portions 14.
- the distance between the tip portions 12 is narrower on the low pressure space 9 side closer to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2. Therefore, when the above-described torsional deformation occurs at the distal end portion 12 of the thin plate 11, the thin plates 11 are likely to contact each other on the low-pressure space 9 side. When the thin plates 11 come into contact with each other in this way, the thin plates 11 support each other, so that vibration of the thin plate 11 due to flutter can be suppressed.
- the radial position of the thin plate front end surface 12 a at the axial position closest to the high-pressure space 8 is positioned radially inward from the inner peripheral edge 20 a of the first side plate 20.
- the space between the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2 and the thin plate front end surface 12a becomes excessively large.
- the clearance between the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2 and the thin plate front end surface 12a is widened, and the shaft seal effect may be reduced.
- the radial position of the thin plate front end surface 12a is positioned radially inward of the inner peripheral edge 20a of the first side plate 20, and therefore the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2 and the thin plate front end surface 12a.
- each thin plate 11 has a distance between the end portion 12b on the high-pressure space 8 side and the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2 of the thin plate front end surface 12a between the end portion 12c on the low-pressure space 9 side and the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2. It is configured to be larger than the distance.
- the distal end portion 12 of the thin plate 11 is formed so that the distance between the thin plate distal end surface 12a and the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2 is reduced. Further, the distal end portion 12 of the thin plate 11 is positioned such that the radial position of the thin plate distal end surface 12 a at the axial position closest to the high-pressure space 8 is located radially inward of the inner peripheral edge 22 a of the second side plate 22. It is configured.
- the distance between the end 12 b on the high-pressure space 8 side of the thin plate front end surface 12 a and the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2 is smaller than the distance between the inner peripheral edge 22 a of the second side plate 22 and the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2.
- the above-described upward flow rate on the high-pressure space 8 side increases, and the gap between the thin plates 11 on the low-pressure space 9 side becomes relatively narrow. For this reason, the torsional deformation of the thin plate 11 due to the upward flow is increased, and the contact between the thin plates 11 on the low-pressure space 9 side accompanying the torsional deformation is more likely to occur. Thereby, the vibration of the thin plate 11 by a flutter can be suppressed effectively.
- the radial position of the thin plate front end surface 12 a at the axial position closest to the high-pressure space 8 may be positioned radially inward from the inner peripheral edge 20 a of the first side plate 20.
- the space between the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2 and the thin plate front end surface 12a becomes excessively large.
- the clearance between the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2 and the thin plate front end surface 12a is widened, and the shaft seal effect may be reduced.
- the radial position of the thin plate front end surface 12a is positioned radially inward of the inner peripheral edge 20a of the first side plate 20, and therefore the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2 and the thin plate front end surface 12a.
- the distal end portion 12 of the thin plate 11 may be formed so that the distance between the thin plate distal end surface 12a and the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2 is reduced.
- each thin plate 11 further includes a curved twisted portion 12d that is located between the proximal end portion 14 and the distal end portion 12 and connects the proximal end portion 14 and the distal end portion 12. .
- the twisted portion 12d is formed between the end 12b on the high-pressure space 8 side and the position 12e on the high-pressure space 8 side than the end 12c on the low-pressure space 9 side. According to this configuration, since the separation of the flow hardly occurs around the thin plate 11, the front end portion of the thin plate 11 is not hindered from forming a static pressure distribution between the thin plates 11 for floating the front end portion 12 of the thin plate 11. Twelve non-contact states can be stably realized.
- Fig.5 (a) is sectional drawing of the sealing device which concerns on other embodiment, (b) is a C direction arrow view of the sealing device shown to (a), (c) is the seal
- each thin plate 11 is positioned between the base end portion 14 and the tip end portion 12, and further has a curved twisted portion 12d that connects the base end portion 14 and the tip end portion 12. Including.
- the twisted portion 12d is formed over the entire region from the end portion 12b on the high pressure space 8 side to the end portion 12c on the low pressure space 9 side.
- the position of the end portion 12c on the low-pressure space 9 side in the rotation direction substantially coincides with the position of the second side surface 13b on the base end portion 14 side. That is, the second side surface 13 b is formed in a straight line from the base end portion 14 to the tip end portion 12. According to this configuration, since the separation of the flow hardly occurs around the thin plate 11, the front end portion of the thin plate 11 is not hindered from forming a static pressure distribution between the thin plates 11 for floating the front end portion 12 of the thin plate 11. Twelve non-contact states can be stably realized.
- each thin plate 11 further includes a bent portion 12f that is bent at a single bent line 12g that goes inward in the radial direction from the high pressure space 8 side toward the low pressure space 9 side. .
- the bending line 12g extends linearly from the first side surface 13a on the high pressure space 8 side to the second side surface 13b on the low pressure space 9 side.
- the configuration of the bent line 12g is not limited to this, and, for example, extends linearly from the first side surface 13a on the high-pressure space 8 side to the front end surface 12a between the end portion 12b and the end portion 12c. You may do it. Two or more bending lines 12g may be provided. According to this configuration, since it is not necessary to form a curved surface, processing of the distal end portion 12 of the thin plate 11 is facilitated.
- Fig.7 (a) is sectional drawing of the sealing device which concerns on other embodiment, (b) is a G direction arrow directional view of the sealing device shown to (a), (c) is a seal shown to (a). It is a H direction arrow view of an apparatus, (d) is a perspective view of the thin plate shown to (a).
- each thin plate 11 is curved toward the downstream side in the rotation direction with the curve start line 12i parallel to the first side surface 13a on the high-pressure space 8 side as a boundary. It further includes a curved portion 12h.
- the curve start line 12i extends from the distal end surface 12a to the distal end portion 12 side rather than the proximal end portion 14.
- FIG.8 (a) is sectional drawing of the sealing device which concerns on other embodiment, (b) is a I direction arrow view of the sealing device shown to (a), (c) is a seal shown to (a). It is a J direction arrow directional view of an apparatus, (d) is a perspective view of the thin plate shown to (a). FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the thin plate shown in FIG.
- each thin plate 11 further includes a curved twisted portion 12j that is located between the proximal end portion 14 and the distal end portion 12 and connects the proximal end portion 14 and the distal end portion 12. Including.
- the twisted portion 12j is formed over the entire region from the end portion 12b on the high pressure space 8 side to the end portion 12c on the low pressure space 9 side.
- the end 12c on the low-pressure space 9 side in the rotation direction is located on the downstream side in the rotation direction with respect to the position of the second side surface 13b on the base end portion 14 side. That is, the second side surface 13b is curved so that the end portion thereof faces the downstream side on the distal end portion 12 side.
- each sheet 11 is configured so that the relationship ⁇ x 1> ⁇ x 2> 0 is satisfied.
- the amount of displacement is defined as the amount of displacement ⁇ x 1 from the plane M to the end 12b along the base end 14 side (planar region) of the thin plate 11, and from the plane M to the end 12c. the distance to have a positional deviation amount ⁇ x w.
- the distal end portion 12 of the thin plate 11 is also displaced toward the downstream side in the rotational direction of the rotor 2 relative to the base end portion 14 on the low pressure space 9 side, and thus the thin plate 11 on the low pressure space 9 side. Contact between each other is more likely to occur.
- the position of the end portion 12c on the low-pressure space 9 side in the rotation direction is located on the downstream side in the rotation direction with respect to the position of the second side surface 13b on the base end portion 14 side.
- the sealing device 10 described above may further include the following configuration. As shown in FIGS. 4 to 8, the sealing device 10 further includes a pair of retainers 26 and 28 that hold the base end portion 14 side of the plurality of thin plates 11. The first side plate 20 and the second side plate 22 are supported by the retainers 26 and 28 while being sandwiched between the retainers 26 and 28 and both side surfaces 13a and 13b of the plurality of thin plates 11, respectively. .
- the stator 7 is formed with an annular holding space 40 for holding the retainers 26 and 28, the first side plate 20 and the second side plate 22, and the plurality of thin plates 11. .
- the holding space 40 is formed in a T shape in a cross section along the rotation axis O of the rotor 2.
- the holding space 40 is formed on the radially inner periphery side of the rotor 2, and is formed on the radially outer periphery side of the rotor 2 in the first space 41 that communicates with the high pressure space 8 and the low pressure space 9, and communicates with the first space 41.
- Second space 42 to be included.
- the thin plate 11 has a substantially T-shape in which the plate width on the base end portion 14 side is wider than the plate width on the tip end portion 12 side, and both side surfaces 13 a and 13 b between the base end portion 14 and the tip end portion 12.
- notches 16a and 16b having a narrower plate width than the tip 12 are provided.
- the pair of retainers 26, 28 have recesses 26 a, 28 a, respectively, and generally have a “U” shape when viewed in a cross section including the rotation axis O of the rotor 2.
- the pair of retainers 26 and 28 are accommodated in the second space 42 in a state where the base end portion 14 of the thin plate 11 is fitted in the recesses 26a and 28a. That is, the pair of retainers 26 and 28 are configured to sandwich and support the base end portions 14 of the plurality of thin plates 11 arranged in a multilayer shape in the circumferential direction of the rotor 2 from both side surfaces 13a and 13b.
- the first side plate 20 and the second side plate 22 have protrusions 20b and 22b on the outer peripheral side in the radial direction of the rotor 2, respectively.
- the protrusions 20b and 22b are adapted to engage with the notches 16a and 16b of the thin plate 11.
- the first side plate 20 and the second side plate 22 are supported by the retainers 26 and 28 while being sandwiched between the retainers 26 and 28 and both side surfaces 13a and 13b of the plurality of thin plates 11, respectively. .
- the 2nd space 42 may be provided between the retainers 26 and 28, and the spacer for reducing the shakiness of each thin plate 11 with respect to these may be provided.
- the second space 42 is provided with a plurality of urging members (for example, leaf springs) for supporting the plurality of thin plates 11 arranged in an annular shape in a floating state so as to be coaxial with the rotation axis of the rotor 2. It may be done.
- the base end portion 14 side of the thin plate 11 is hardly affected by the dynamic pressure, and the distal end portion 12 side is lifted from the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 2 by the influence of the dynamic pressure. Therefore, the non-contact state between the rotor 2 and the thin plate 11 can be appropriately realized.
- the tip 12 region on the high pressure space 8 side is twisted and deformed with respect to the axial direction of the rotor 2 due to the influence of dynamic pressure, the thin plates 11 are likely to contact each other on the low pressure space 9 side. Therefore, it is also possible to suppress the vibration of the thin plate 11 due to the flutter.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and includes forms obtained by modifying the above-described embodiments and forms obtained by appropriately combining these forms.
- the steam turbine 1 has been described as an example of the turbine according to the present embodiment.
- the turbine according to the present embodiment is not limited to this, such as the gas turbine 51 illustrated in FIG. Other turbines may be used.
- a gas turbine 51 shown in FIG. 11 is configured to be rotationally driven by a combustion gas, a compressor 53 for generating compressed air, a combustor 54 for generating combustion gas using the compressed air and fuel, and the combustion gas.
- Turbine 55 is provided.
- a power generator (not shown) is connected to the turbine 55 so that power is generated by the rotational energy of the turbine 55.
- the rotational energy of the turbine 55 is used as a power source for the compressor 53 via a rotor 52 (corresponding to the rotor 2 in FIG. 1).
- the turbine 55 includes a plurality of moving blades 56 provided on the rotor 52 side (corresponding to the moving blade 6 in FIG. 1), a casing 57a, and a plurality of stationary blades 57b provided on the casing 57a side ( 1 (which corresponds to the stationary blade 7b in FIG. 1), and a sealing device 50 provided at the tip of the stationary blade 57b.
- the sealing device 50 the above-described sealing device 10 can be used.
- the plurality of moving blades 56 and the plurality of stationary blades 57 b are alternately arranged in the direction of the rotation axis O of the rotor 52 (hereinafter referred to as the axial direction).
- the combustion gas flowing along the axial direction passes through the rotor blade 56 and the stationary blade 57b, so that the rotor 52 rotates, and the rotational energy given to the rotor 52 is extracted from the shaft end and used for power generation or the like. It has become.
- expressions representing shapes such as quadrangular shapes and cylindrical shapes represent not only geometrically strict shapes such as quadrangular shapes and cylindrical shapes, but also irregularities and chamfers as long as the same effects can be obtained.
- a shape including a part or the like is also expressed.
- the expression “comprising”, “including”, or “having” one constituent element is not an exclusive expression that excludes the presence of the other constituent elements.
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Abstract
Description
また、薄板シール構造における他の問題点として、薄板は基端部がステータに支持され先端部側が自由端である片持ち構造となっており、その薄板の周囲を流体が流れるので、フラッタによる薄板の振動が発生する可能性がある。
高圧空間と低圧空間とを隔てるようにロータの周囲に設けられるタービンのシール装置であって、
前記ロータの外周面に沿って配列され、且つ、前記ロータの半径方向における外側に位置して前記タービンの静止部に支持される基端部と、前記ロータの半径方向における内側に位置して前記ロータの外周面に対向する先端面を有する先端部と、をそれぞれ含む複数の薄板を備え、
各々の前記薄板は、前記基端部側において前記薄板の幅方向が前記ロータの軸方向と平行であり、
各々の前記薄板の前記先端部は、前記薄板の幅方向に沿った断面において、高圧空間側の一端が低圧空間側の他端よりも前記ロータの回転方向における下流側に位置することを特徴とする。
一方、各々の薄板の先端部は、薄板の幅方向に沿った断面において、高圧空間側の一端が低圧空間側の他端よりもロータの回転方向における下流側に位置するようになっている。このため、薄板の先端部のうち少なくとも高圧空間側の領域では、高圧空間側から低圧空間側に向かう流体の流れに対して0°を超える迎え角を持つ。これにより、高圧空間側の先端部領域は動圧の影響を受けてロータ外周面から浮上しやすくなり、ロータと薄板との非接触状態を適切に実現できる。すなわち、薄板の高圧空間側の先端部領域が動圧の影響によりロータ外周面から押し上げられて浮上しやすくなる。さらに、動圧の影響を受けて高圧空間側の先端部領域がロータの軸方向に対してねじれ変形するため、低圧空間側での薄板同士の接触が起きやすくなる。このように薄板同士が接触すると薄板同士が互いに支持し合うことになるため、フラッタによる薄板の振動を抑制することも可能となる。
各々の前記薄板は、
前記薄板の幅方向における最も前記高圧空間に近い第1位置における、前記基端部から前記先端部への前記回転方向の下流側への前記薄板の位置ずれ量をΔx1とし、
前記薄板の幅方向における最も前記低圧空間に近い第2位置における、前記基端部から前記先端部への前記回転方向の下流側への前記薄板の位置ずれ量をΔx2としたとき、
Δx1>Δx2>0の関係が成立する。
上記(2)の構成によれば、低圧空間側においても薄板の先端部が基端部に比べてロータの回転方向の下流側へ位置ずれしているため、低圧空間側での薄板同士の接触がより一層起きやすくなる。
各々の前記薄板は、前記基端部と前記先端部との間に位置し、前記基端部と前記先端部とを繋ぐ湾曲形状の捩れ部をさらに含む。
上記(3)の構成によれば、薄板周囲において流れの剥離が生じ難いため、薄板先端部を浮上させるための薄板間の静圧分布の形成を阻害することなく、薄板先端部の非接触状態を安定的に実現できる。
各々の前記薄板は、前記高圧空間側から前記低圧空間側に近づくにつれて前記半径方向の内側に向かう少なくとも一本の屈曲線にて屈曲している。
上記(4)の構成によれば、薄板先端部の加工が容易となる。
前記高圧空間に面するように設けられ、前記複数の薄板の高圧空間側の第1側面のうち外周側領域を覆う第1サイドプレートと、
前記低圧空間に面するように設けられ、前記複数の薄板の低圧空間側の第2側面のうち外周側領域を覆う第2サイドプレートと、を備え、
各々の前記薄板の前記第1側面は、前記第2サイドプレートによって前記第2側面が覆われた領域よりも、前記ロータの半径方向における内側まで前記第1サイドプレートによって覆われている。
上記(5)の構成によれば、薄板間の隙間に、薄板のロータ側端部からステータ側端部へ向かう上向き流れが形成されるので、薄板をロータ周面から浮上させるための適切な静圧分布を形成することができる。よって、ロータと薄板との非接触状態を安定的に維持できる。
各々の前記薄板の前記先端面の半径方向位置は、前記ロータの軸方向において、前記高圧空間側の方が前記低圧空間側よりも前記ロータの外周面から離れるような分布を有し、且つ、前記高圧空間に最も近い軸方向位置における前記薄板先端面の半径方向位置は前記第2サイドプレートの内周縁よりも前記半径方向の内側に位置する。
上記(6)の構成によれば、高圧空間側における上述した上向き流れの流量が増加するとともに、低圧空間側における薄板間の隙間が比較的狭くなる。そのため、上向き流れに起因した薄板のねじれ変形が大きくなり、ねじれ変形に伴う低圧空間側での薄板同士の接触がより一層起きやすくなる。これにより、フラッタによる薄板の振動を効果的に抑制することができる。
前記複数の薄板の基端部側を保持するリテーナをさらに備え、
前記第1サイドプレートおよび前記第2サイドプレートは、それぞれ、前記リテーナと前記複数の薄板の両側面との間に挟まれた状態で、前記リテーナによって支持される。
タービン翼を有するロータと、
前記ロータの周囲の環状空間を高圧空間と低圧空間とに隔てるようにロータの周囲に設けられた上記(1)乃至(7)の何れかに記載のシール装置と、を備えることを特徴とする。
上記(8)の構成によれば、ロータと薄板との非接触状態を安定的に維持でき、薄板の摩耗を防止できるとともに、フラッタによる薄板の振動を抑制することができるので、信頼性の高いタービンを提供することができる。
上記(1)乃至(7)の何れか一に記載のシール装置用の薄板であることを特徴とする。
また、動圧の影響を受けて高圧空間側の先端部領域がロータの軸方向に対してねじれ変形するため、低圧空間側での薄板同士の接触が起きやすくなる。よって、フラッタによる薄板の振動を抑制することも可能となる。
具体的には、蒸気タービン1は、ロータ2側に設けられた複数の動翼6と、ケーシング7a及び該ケーシング7a側に設けられた複数の静翼7bを含むステータ(静止部)7と、静翼7bの先端に設けられたシール装置10と、を備える。
複数の動翼6と複数の静翼7bとは、ロータ2の回転軸Oの方向(以下、軸方向と称する)に交互に配列されている。軸方向に沿って流れる蒸気が動翼6及び静翼7bを通過することによってロータ2が回転し、ロータ2に与えられた回転エネルギーが軸端から取り出されて発電等に利用されるようになっている。
図2(a)は、幾つかの実施形態に係るシール装置10を模式的に示す斜視図であり、(b)は、シール装置10における薄板11の配置を模式的に示す図である。図3(a)は、一実施形態に係る薄板11間の隙間における静圧分布を示した図であり、(b)はロータ2の回転軸Oに垂直な断面であって、薄板11の動作を説明するための図である。図4乃至図9は、各実施形態に係るシール装置10の構成を示す図である。図10は、薄板11間の間隔について説明するための図である。
各薄板11は、可撓性を有しており、基端部14側がステータ7に固定され、先端部12が自由端としてロータ2側に位置する。各薄板11は、ロータ2の外周面に対して周方向において鋭角をなすように傾斜して配置される。すなわち、各薄板11は、ロータ2の半径方向に対して0°を超える角度を有するように傾斜して配置される。蒸気タービン1の停止時(ロータ2の停止時)においては、各薄板11の先端部12は、ロータ2の外周面に接触した状態となっている。
第2サイドプレート22は、環状の薄板であり、低圧空間9に面するように設けられ、複数の薄板11の低圧空間9側の第2側面13bのうち外周側領域(基端部14側の領域)を覆うように形成されている。
なお、本実施形態において外周側とは、ロータ2の半径方向における外側である。
図3(a)及び(b)に示すように、薄板11は、ロータ2の外周面に対して傾斜していることから、該ロータ2に面する下面11bと、その裏面であってステータ7(図1参照)に面する上面11aとを有している。また、図3(a)に示す構成例では、薄板11の幅方向において、薄板11と第2サイドプレート22との間の隙間は、薄板11と第1サイドプレート20との間の隙間よりも大きい。
すなわち、高圧空間8側から低圧空間9側へ向けて流れる流体gは、薄板11間の隙間を通過する際、図3(a)の点線に示す流れを形成する。具体的には、高圧空間8からロータ2の外周面と第1サイドプレート20の内周縁20aとの間を通って薄板11間の隙間に流入した流体gは、高圧空間8側の先端部12の端部r1から低圧空間9側の基端部14側の角部r2の方向へ向かう上向き流れを形成する。上向き流れは、薄板11間の隙間において高圧空間8側の先端部12の端部r1側から放射状に形成される。そして、流体gは、薄板11と第2サイドプレート22との間の隙間において下向き流れを形成し、ロータ2の外周面と第2サイドプレート22の内周縁22aとの間を通って低圧空間9に流出する。
この上面11a及び下面11bのそれぞれにおける流体圧分布30b,30cの形状は互いに略同じものとなるが、各薄板11がロータ2の外周面に対して鋭角をなすように傾斜して配置されているので、これら上面11a及び下面11bにおける各流体圧分布30b,30cの相対位置が寸法s1だけずれており、薄板11の基端部14側から先端部12側に向かう任意点Pにおける上面11a及び下面11bの流体圧を比較した場合、両者で差が生じることとなる。
したがって、各薄板11の上面11a及び下面11b間に圧力差を生じせしめて、これら薄板11がロータ2の外周面より浮上するように変形させて非接触状態を形成することができる。なお、蒸気タービン1の運転時には、薄板11とロータ2とが主として非接触の状態となるが、非接触状態と接触状態とが時系列的に混在した状態となることもある。
すなわち、各薄板11は、板厚で決まる所定の剛性をロータ2の軸方向に持つように設計されている。また、各薄板11は、上述したようにロータ2の回転方向に対してロータ2の外周面となす角が鋭角となるようにステータ7に取付けられており、ロータ2の停止時には、各薄板11の先端が所定の予圧でロータ2に接触しているが、ロータ2の回転時にはロータ2が回転することで生じる動圧効果によって各薄板11の先端が浮上するため、薄板11とロータ2とが非接触状態となる。
これにより、薄板11の基端部14側は動圧の影響を受けにくく、ロータ2の軸方向に対して基端部14側がねじれて先端部12側の浮上を阻害することを抑制できる。
このため、薄板11の先端部12のうち少なくとも高圧空間8側の領域では、高圧空間8側から低圧空間9側に向かう流体の流れに対して0°を超える迎え角を持つ。これにより、高圧空間8側の先端部12領域は動圧の影響を受けてロータ2の外周面から浮上しやすくなり、ロータ2と薄板11との非接触状態を適切に実現できる。すなわち、薄板11の高圧空間8側の先端部12領域が動圧の影響によりロータ2の外周面から押し上げられて浮上しやすくなる。さらに、動圧の影響を受けて高圧空間8の側の先端部12領域がロータ2の軸方向に対してねじれ変形するため、低圧空間9側での薄板11同士の接触が起きやすくなる。このように薄板11同士が接触すると薄板11同士が互いに支持し合うことになるため、フラッタによる薄板11の振動を抑制することも可能となる。
例えば、薄板先端面12aの半径方向位置が第1サイドプレート20の内周縁20aよりも半径方向の外側である場合、ロータ2の外周面と薄板先端面12aとの間の空間が過度に大きくなり、薄板11が浮上した際にロータ2の外周面と薄板先端面12aとの間のクリアランスが広がって、軸シール効果が低下してしまう可能性がある。
そのため、上記構成によれば、薄板先端面12aの半径方向位置が、第1サイドプレート20の内周縁20aよりも半径方向の内側となるようにしたので、ロータ2の外周面と薄板先端面12aとの間の空間を適切に形成でき、軸シール効果を維持しながらフラッタによる振動の抑制が可能となる。
例えば、薄板先端面12aの半径方向位置が第1サイドプレート20の内周縁20aよりも半径方向の外側である場合、ロータ2の外周面と薄板先端面12aとの間の空間が過度に大きくなり、薄板11が浮上した際にロータ2の外周面と薄板先端面12aとの間のクリアランスが広がって、軸シール効果が低下してしまう可能性がある。
そのため、上記構成によれば、薄板先端面12aの半径方向位置が、第1サイドプレート20の内周縁20aよりも半径方向の内側となるようにしたので、ロータ2の外周面と薄板先端面12aとの間の空間を適切に形成でき、軸シール効果を維持しながらフラッタによる振動の抑制が可能となる。
一実施形態におけるシール装置10において、各々の薄板11は、基端部14と先端部12との間に位置し、基端部14と先端部12とを繋ぐ湾曲形状の捩れ部12dをさらに含む。図示される例では、捩れ部12dは、高圧空間8側の端部12bから、低圧空間9側の端部12cよりも高圧空間8側の位置12eまでの間に形成される。
この構成によれば、薄板11の周囲において流れの剥離が生じ難いため、薄板11の先端部12を浮上させるための薄板11間の静圧分布の形成を阻害することなく、薄板11の先端部12の非接触状態を安定的に実現できる。
他の実施形態におけるシール装置10において、各々の薄板11は、基端部14と先端部12との間に位置し、基端部14と先端部12とを繋ぐ湾曲形状の捩れ部12dをさらに含む。図示される例では、捩れ部12dは、高圧空間8側の端部12bから低圧空間9側の端部12cまでの全領域に亘って形成される。なお、この構成では、回転方向における低圧空間9側の端部12cの位置は、基端部14側の第2側面13bの位置と概ね一致している。すなわち、第2側面13bは、基端部14から先端部12まで直線状に形成されている。
この構成によれば、薄板11の周囲において流れの剥離が生じ難いため、薄板11の先端部12を浮上させるための薄板11間の静圧分布の形成を阻害することなく、薄板11の先端部12の非接触状態を安定的に実現できる。
他の実施形態におけるシール装置10において、各々の薄板11は、高圧空間8側から低圧空間9側に近づくにつれて半径方向の内側に向かう一本の屈曲線12gにて屈曲した屈曲部12fをさらに含む。屈曲線12gは、高圧空間8側の第1側面13aから低圧空間9側の第2側面13bまで直線状に延在している。但し、屈曲線12gの構成はこれに限定されるものではなく、例えば、高圧空間8側の第1側面13aから、端部12bと端部12cとの間の先端面12aまで直線状に延在していてもよい。また、屈曲線12gは、二本以上設けられていてもよい。
この構成によれば、湾曲面を形成する必要がないため、薄板11の先端部12の加工が容易となる。
他の実施形態におけるシール装置10において、各々の薄板11は、高圧空間8側の第1側面13aに平行な湾曲開始線12iを境界として、第1側面13a側が回転方向下流側に向けて湾曲した湾曲部12hをさらに含む。湾曲開始線12iは、先端面12aから、基端部14よりも先端部12側まで延在している。すなわち、基端部14側には、薄板11の幅方向が軸方向に対して平行な領域が存在しており、この領域よりも先端部12側において湾曲部12hが形成されている。
この構成によれば、薄板11の幅方向に対してのみ湾曲を形成すればよいため、薄板11の先端部12の加工が比較的容易となる。
他の実施形態におけるシール装置10において、各々の薄板11は、基端部14と先端部12との間に位置し、基端部14と先端部12とを繋ぐ湾曲形状の捩れ部12jをさらに含む。図示される例では、捩れ部12jは、高圧空間8側の端部12bから低圧空間9側の端部12cまでの全領域に亘って形成される。なお、この構成では、回転方向における低圧空間9側の端部12cは、基端部14側の第2側面13bの位置よりも回転方向下流側に位置している。すなわち、第2側面13bは、先端部12側において端部が下流側に向くように湾曲している。
この構成によれば、低圧空間9側においても薄板11の先端部12が基端部14に比べてロータ2の回転方向の下流側へ位置ずれしているため、低圧空間9側での薄板11同士の接触がより一層起きやすくなる。
なお、この構成では、回転方向における低圧空間9側の端部12cの位置は、基端部14側の第2側面13bの位置よりも回転方向下流側に位置する。
図4乃至図8に示すように、シール装置10は、複数の薄板11の基端部14側を保持する一対のリテーナ26,28をさらに備える。そして、第1サイドプレート20および第2サイドプレート22は、それぞれ、リテーナ26,28と複数の薄板11の両側面13a,13bとの間に挟まれた状態で、リテーナ26,28によって支持される。
また、動圧の影響を受けて高圧空間8側の先端部12領域がロータ2の軸方向に対してねじれ変形するため、低圧空間9側での薄板11同士の接触が起きやすくなる。よって、フラッタによる薄板11の振動を抑制することも可能となる。
例えば、上述の実施形態では、本実施形態に係るタービンの一例として蒸気タービン1について説明したが、本実施形態に係るタービンはこれに限定されるものではなく、図11に示すガスタービン51等の他のタービンであってもよい。
複数の動翼56と複数の静翼57bとは、ロータ52の回転軸Oの方向(以下、軸方向と称する)に交互に配列されている。軸方向に沿って流れる燃焼ガスが動翼56及び静翼57bを通過することによってロータ52が回転し、ロータ52に与えられた回転エネルギーが軸端から取り出されて発電等に利用されるようになっている。
例えば、「同一」、「等しい」及び「均質」等の物事が等しい状態であることを表す表現は、厳密に等しい状態を表すのみならず、公差、若しくは、同じ機能が得られる程度の差が存在している状態も表すものとする。
例えば、四角形状や円筒形状等の形状を表す表現は、幾何学的に厳密な意味での四角形状や円筒形状等の形状を表すのみならず、同じ効果が得られる範囲で、凹凸部や面取り部等を含む形状も表すものとする。
一方、一の構成要素を「備える」、「含む」、又は、「有する」という表現は、他の構成要素の存在を除外する排他的な表現ではない。
2 ロータ
4 蒸気入口
6 動翼
7 ステータ
7a ケーシング
7b 静翼
8 高圧空間
8b 静翼
9 低圧空間
10 シール装置
11 薄板
11a 上面
11b 下面
12 先端部
12a 薄板先端面
12b 高圧空間側の端部
12c 低圧空間側の端部
12d,12j 捩れ部
12f 屈曲部
12g 屈曲線
12h 湾曲部
12i 湾曲開始線
12e 変曲点
13a 第1側面
13b 第2側面
14 基端部
16a、16b 切欠き部
20 第1サイドプレート
22 第2サイドプレート
26,28 リテーナ
40 保持空間
51 ガスタービン
52 ロータ
53 圧縮機
54 燃焼器
55 タービン
56 動翼
57 ステータ
57a ケーシング
57b 静翼
58 高圧空間
58b 静翼
59 低圧空間
50 シール装置
Claims (9)
- 高圧空間と低圧空間とを隔てるようにロータの周囲に設けられるタービンのシール装置であって、
前記ロータの外周面に沿って配列され、且つ、前記ロータの半径方向における外側に位置して前記タービンの静止部に支持される基端部と、前記ロータの半径方向における内側に位置して前記ロータの外周面に対向する先端面を有する先端部と、をそれぞれ含む複数の薄板を備え、
各々の前記薄板は、前記基端部側において前記薄板の幅方向が前記ロータの軸方向と平行であり、
各々の前記薄板の前記先端部は、前記薄板の幅方向に沿った断面において、高圧空間側の一端が低圧空間側の他端よりも前記ロータの回転方向における下流側に位置することを特徴とするタービン用シール装置。 - 各々の前記薄板は、
前記薄板の幅方向における最も前記高圧空間に近い第1位置における、前記基端部から前記先端部への前記回転方向の下流側への前記薄板の位置ずれ量をΔx1とし、
前記薄板の幅方向における最も前記低圧空間に近い第2位置における、前記基端部から前記先端部への前記回転方向の下流側への前記薄板の位置ずれ量をΔx2としたとき、
Δx1>Δx2>0の関係が成立する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のタービン用シール装置。 - 各々の前記薄板は、前記基端部と前記先端部との間に位置し、前記基端部と前記先端部とを繋ぐ湾曲形状の捩れ部をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のタービン用シール装置。
- 各々の前記薄板は、前記高圧空間側から前記低圧空間側に近づくにつれて前記半径方向の内側に向かう少なくとも一本の屈曲線にて屈曲していることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のタービン用シール装置。
- 前記高圧空間に面するように設けられ、前記複数の薄板の高圧空間側の第1側面のうち外周側領域を覆う第1サイドプレートと、
前記低圧空間に面するように設けられ、前記複数の薄板の低圧空間側の第2側面のうち外周側領域を覆う第2サイドプレートと、を備え、
各々の前記薄板の前記第1側面は、前記第2サイドプレートによって前記第2側面が覆われた領域よりも、前記ロータの半径方向における内側まで前記第1サイドプレートによって覆われていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4の何れか一項に記載のタービン用シール装置。 - 各々の前記薄板の前記先端面の半径方向位置は、前記ロータの軸方向において、前記高圧空間側の方が前記低圧空間側よりも前記ロータの外周面から離れるような分布を有し、且つ、前記高圧空間に最も近い軸方向位置における前記薄板の前記先端面の半径方向位置は前記第2サイドプレートの内周縁よりも前記半径方向の内側に位置することを特徴とする請求項5に記載のタービン用シール装置。
- 前記複数の薄板の基端部側を保持するリテーナをさらに備え、
前記第1サイドプレートおよび前記第2サイドプレートは、それぞれ、前記リテーナと前記複数の薄板の両側面との間に挟まれた状態で、前記リテーナによって支持されることを特徴とする請求項5又は6に記載のタービン用シール装置。 - タービン翼を有するロータと、
前記ロータの周囲の環状空間を高圧空間と低圧空間とに隔てるようにロータの周囲に設けられた請求項1乃至7の何れか一項に記載のタービン用シール装置と、を備えることを特徴とするタービン。 - 請求項1乃至7の何れか一項に記載のタービン用シール装置用の薄板。
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| EP16752352.1A EP3249172B1 (en) | 2015-02-20 | 2016-02-09 | Seal device for turbine, turbine, and thin plate for seal device |
| CN201680010746.8A CN107250487B (zh) | 2015-02-20 | 2016-02-09 | 叶轮机用密封装置、叶轮机及密封装置用的薄板 |
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2015
- 2015-02-20 JP JP2015031944A patent/JP6358976B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-02-09 US US15/550,891 patent/US10662796B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2016-02-09 KR KR1020177022656A patent/KR101967084B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2016-02-09 WO PCT/JP2016/053801 patent/WO2016132966A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2016-02-09 CN CN201680010746.8A patent/CN107250487B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2016-02-09 EP EP16752352.1A patent/EP3249172B1/en active Active
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| JP2011185219A (ja) * | 2010-03-10 | 2011-09-22 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 軸シール装置及び軸シール装置を備える回転機械 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US10662796B2 (en) | 2020-05-26 |
| KR20170103005A (ko) | 2017-09-12 |
| EP3249172B1 (en) | 2020-01-08 |
| KR101967084B1 (ko) | 2019-04-08 |
| EP3249172A1 (en) | 2017-11-29 |
| JP6358976B2 (ja) | 2018-07-18 |
| CN107250487A (zh) | 2017-10-13 |
| EP3249172A4 (en) | 2018-03-21 |
| CN107250487B (zh) | 2019-07-05 |
| US20180045065A1 (en) | 2018-02-15 |
| JP2016153625A (ja) | 2016-08-25 |
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