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WO2016120060A1 - Conception de cellules solides - Google Patents

Conception de cellules solides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016120060A1
WO2016120060A1 PCT/EP2016/050454 EP2016050454W WO2016120060A1 WO 2016120060 A1 WO2016120060 A1 WO 2016120060A1 EP 2016050454 W EP2016050454 W EP 2016050454W WO 2016120060 A1 WO2016120060 A1 WO 2016120060A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
conductor
layers
conductor layer
solid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2016/050454
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ingo Kerkamm
Reiner Ramsayer
Markus Kohlberger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority to CN201680007091.9A priority Critical patent/CN107210453A/zh
Publication of WO2016120060A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016120060A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/045Cells or batteries with folded plate-like electrodes
    • H01M10/0454Cells or batteries with electrodes of only one polarity folded
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/045Cells or batteries with folded plate-like electrodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0561Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
    • H01M10/0562Solid materials
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/18Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0565Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0583Construction or manufacture of accumulators with folded construction elements except wound ones, i.e. folded positive or negative electrodes or separators, e.g. with "Z"-shaped electrodes or separators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065Solid electrolytes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a solid cell according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a solid cell according to the preamble of claim 8.
  • Solid or solid state batteries are currently of particular interest for both mobile and stationary applications.
  • the solid-state cells, or solid-state batteries are also referred to as "all-solid-state batteries.”
  • the solid cells contain only solid materials, in particular solid-state electrolytes, and have the advantages over conventional batteries containing liquid electrolytes because of the use of the solid-state electrolytes the solid cells have good safety-relevant properties and a high energy density> 400 Wh / kg.
  • Solid-state Li-ion batteries due to their internal structure and their mode of operation, have a higher Li-ion cell compared to known ones with liquid electrolytes increased expansion, or shrinkage during loading and unloading of the solid cell.
  • the expansion or shrinkage of the solid-state Li ion batteries can be in the range of 10-40% elongation.
  • the properties of the materials used such as, for example, the solid electrolyte used or, for example, the separators such that a classic structure of the solid cell in round / or prismatic format with a wound cell stack can not be realized.
  • the solid electrolyte may be made of a ceramic or of a glass-ceramic composite that can not be deformed or bent to the necessary extent in order to realize a construction of the cell in round or prismatic format.
  • the separators used in the classical solid state cells which, for example, consist of a ceramic layer with polymer layers deposited thereon, can only be deformed to a limited extent. Therefore currently only stacked cells (stacked cells) are possible. These stacked or stacked cells, the
  • pouch cells typically also referred to as pouch cells, however, have the disadvantage that the individual conductor layers, which are designed on the anode side and cathode side as a current conductor (for example, an Al film or a Cu film), in the production of the solid cell in the pouch stacking technique Layer by layer must be stacked. In this case, in particular the cutting of the films is complicated, since, for example. Terminal tabs (tabs) must be provided in order to connect the individual conductor layers with each other electrically.
  • a current conductor for example, an Al film or a Cu film
  • the inventive method for producing a solid cell in particular a lithium-ion solid cell having a first conductor layer and a second conductor layer and at least one separation layer, which are stacked to form a layer stack of at least two first conductor layers and at least two second conductor layers, wherein the first conductor layer is separated from the second conductor layer by the separation layer, and wherein the layers separated by the separation layer of the first conductor layer and / or the layers separated by the separation layer of the second
  • Conductor layer are electrically connected to each other in layers, includes the technical teaching that at least one of the conductor layers is made of a flexible sheet, wherein the flexible sheet as a continuous layer, the at least the two first conductor layers and / or the two second
  • a solid cell should preferably be a solid state battery, or a
  • Solid state accumulator meaning a rechargeable battery
  • an anode in the form of a lithium layer in the case of a lithium-ion battery an electrolyte layer which either a ceramic, or of glass or of a glass-ceramic composite has , and a cathode comprising a porous carbon layer.
  • the anode and cathode are typically separated from the electrolyte by a separator layer comprising, for example, a polymer-ceramic composite.
  • the separator improves the charge transfer at the anode and the cathode is electrochemically connected to the electrolyte.
  • the anode and cathode conductor layers also referred to as current or anode or cathode current conductors, are typically made of a thin film. On the anode side, this may be, for example, a copper or nickel foil, on the side of the cathode the conductor layer is usually an aluminum foil.
  • At least one of the conductor layers i. H. either the anode current collector or the cathode current collector or else both current conductors are configured from a flexible web which is inserted as a continuous layer in the layer stack.
  • Conductor layer, or the second conductor layer as a continuous layer, the a flexible webs, should also as winding, or folding the
  • Conductor layers are understood in the layer stack. Accordingly, at least one of the conductor layers is advantageously designed as a windable or foldable flexible sheet or film. If, for example, the anode conductor layer, which, for example, can be a Cu current conductor, is designed as a continuous layer of a flexible web, this can be wound through in the pouch stacking technique during production of the solid cell, or inserted or folded into the layer stack.
  • the corresponding conductor layer (anode or cathode / or in each case both) must be provided with at least one or precisely only one electrical connection tab (tabs) in order to electrically connect the layer stack. As a result, the production and construction of the solid cell or the respective layer stack can be significantly simplified.
  • At least one conductor layer is premounted with the separator and optionally with the electrolyte as an assembly which, when the solid cell is stacked, is inserted in the conductor layer configured as a continuous layer from a flexible web is wrapped or folded.
  • the anode conductor layer which can be configured, for example, as a Cu film, at least in sections with a coating (for galvanic separation) designed.
  • the coating also serves advantageously to avoid short circuits.
  • the deflections advantageously embrace the layers of the layer stack which are layered between two layers of a conductor layer.
  • the conductor layer is coated in the region of the deflections.
  • both conductor layers ie, the anode conductor layers and the cathode conductor layer, which are used as an anode current collector, or as a cathode current collector, designed from a flexible sheet which is inserted as a continuous layer in the layer stack, or wound or folded.
  • the anode conductor layer is inserted into the layer stack substantially orthogonal to the cathode conductor layer, or wound or folded.
  • the solid cell is configured, for example, as a cuboid cell stack
  • the deflections for the anode conductor layer configured as a continuous layer of a flexible sheet are arranged on a surface of the cuboid and the surface of the cuboid opposite thereto, in which case
  • Deflections are designed for the other conductor layer at the intermediate surfaces.
  • the object of the present invention is also achieved by a
  • Solid cell in particular a lithium-ion solid cell, which
  • Separating layer which is stacked into a layer stack of at least two first conductor layers and at least two second conductor layers, wherein the first conductor layer is separated from the second conductor layer by the separation layer and wherein the layers separated by the separation layer of the first conductor layer and / or separated by the separation layer Layers of the second conductor layer are electrically connected in layers.
  • at least one of the conductor layers is made of a flexible sheet, wherein the flexible sheet as a continuous layer, which forms at least the two first conductor layers and / or the second two conductor layers together, in the
  • the method according to the invention can be configured in the form of intermediate taps in the solid cell according to the invention at the deflections Stromableiter.
  • the intermediate taps can For example, serve to connect several solid cells together.
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a solid cell according to the prior
  • FIG. 3 shows a section of the embodiment of a solid cell according to the invention according to FIG. 2, FIG.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of the deflection of the conductor layer in assembling a layer stack
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic sketch of a solid cell, which is configured in Pouch stacking technique with two configured from a flexible sheet continuous conductor layers.
  • Figure 1 shows a solid cell 100 known in the art.
  • the solid cell 100 is in a pouch stacking technique, forming a compartment 20, i. forming a layer stack as a single cell, stacked in several layers 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
  • an upper conductor layer is formed, which may be, for example, an aluminum foil.
  • the layer 3 follows, which is formed by the solid electrolyte.
  • the layer 3 may be made of a ceramic or a glass-ceramic composite.
  • the layer 4, which forms the solid electrolyte is followed by the layer 4, which serves as a separator or separator to separate the anode from the cathode from each other.
  • Separator layer is configured, is in the usual way of a polymer-ceramic composite.
  • the layer 4 closes downwards, d. H.
  • the layer 5 which is designed as a lithium layer in a lithium-ion solid cell.
  • the layer 5 is followed by the anode current collector, which is shown in the form of the conductor layer 6.
  • the anode current conductor or the anode conductor layer 6 is, for example, a copper or nickel foil. If the layer 2 is electrically connected to the layer 6, voltage 50, for example. For the operation of an electrical device can be tapped.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section of a solid cell 1 produced by the method according to the invention.
  • the solid cell 1 according to the invention a plurality of layer stacks are involved in the function and layering of the individual layers 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the solid cell 100, as in FIG represented, correspond.
  • a the conductor layers 2 or 6 of a flexible sheet 7.1 configured as a continuous layer 7.
  • the cathode current collector On the cathode side, the cathode current collector, namely the
  • the individual blanks of the stacked in the cell stack 30 conductor layers 2 via an electrically connecting element 8, for example.
  • An electrically conductive bridge each electrically connected.
  • the electrical connecting element 8 additionally serves to dissipate current on the cathode side to the outside.
  • the layers 6, which are formed from the continuous layer 7, are electrically connected to each other throughout.
  • Meandering insert the continuous layer 7 are stacked or arrangementally and preferably present intermittently
  • the flexible web 7.1 designed as a continuous layer 7 is preferably coated with a coating 10 in the region of the deflections 9.
  • the coating 10 is configured on the inner radius of the deflections 9 on the continuous layer.
  • the cathode conductor layer 2 of a flexible sheet 7.1 as a continuous layer. 7 meandering in the cell stack 30 inserted or wound or folded.
  • FIG. 3 shows a detail view of the uppermost compartments 20 of FIG. 3
  • the structure of the compartments 20, as shown in Figure 3, is equal to the structure of the known from the prior art solid cell 100, which is constructed in this case over the conductor layer 2 mirror-symmetrical.
  • the anode conductor layer 6 is formed of a flexible track 7.1 as a continuous layer 7, the first conductor layer 6.1 and the second conductor layer being shown in detail here by the meandering insertion of the flexible track 7.1 as a continuous layer 7 in the compartments 20 shown here 6.2 electrically over the
  • Deflection 9 are interconnected.
  • the deflection 9 encompasses two
  • Layers 2, 3, 4 and 5 can be advantageously configured in a mounting process as a prefabricated assembly, the meandering laying of the continuous layer 7, or during winding or folding the flexible sheet
  • 7.1 are formed as a continuous layer 7 formed flexible sheet 7.1 as a common assembly.
  • FIG. 4 shows an alternative construction of the solid cell 1 according to the invention, wherein all the layers 3, 4, 5 which are arranged between the conductor layers 2 or 6 in FIG
  • Subcompartments 20.1 constructed, by counter-folding, up, down and back up, as shown in Figure 5, configured as a flexible sheet 7.1 conductor layer 6, a continuous conductor layer 6 with the layers 3, 4 and 5, constructed thereon Putting the individual Operakompartimente 20.1 together with simultaneous insertion of the second conductor layer 2, the cell stack 30 are prepared for the solid cell 1.
  • the coating 10 which is preferably configured in the region of the deflections 9 on the conductor layer 2 or the conductor layer 6, be applied.
  • the coating 10 is configured on both sides of the conductor layer 2 or the conductor layer 6.
  • Figure 6 shows a schematic sketch of a solid cell 1, which is formed in Pouch stacking technique with two of a flexible sheet 7.1 designed as a continuous layer 7 conductor layers 2 and 6.
  • a solid cell 1 which is formed in Pouch stacking technique with two of a flexible sheet 7.1 designed as a continuous layer 7 conductor layers 2 and 6.
  • current deflectors in the form of intermediate taps 11 are configured on the deflections 9 of the conductor layers 2 and 6 and serve, for example, to connect a plurality of cell stacks 30 or serve to connect the solid cell 1 to an electrical consumer.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de préparation d'une cellule solide (1), en particulier une cellule solide à ions lithium, qui comprend une première couche conductrice (2), une seconde couche conductrice (6) et au moins une couche de séparation (4) qui sont empilées pour former un empilement de couches constituées d'au moins deux premières couches conductrices (2) et d'au moins deux secondes couches conductrices (6). La première couche conductrice (2) est séparée de la seconde couche conductrice (6) par la couche de séparation (4), et les couches, séparées par la couche de séparation (4), de la première couche conductrice (2) et/ou les couches, séparées par la couche de séparation (4), de la seconde couche conductrice (6) sont reliées électriquement entre elles par couches. Selon l'invention, au moins une des couches conductrices (2, 6) est réalisée à partir d'une bande flexible. La bande flexible (7.1), se présentant sous la forme d'une couche continue (7) qui forme au moins les deux premières couches conductrices (2) et/ou les deux secondes couches conductrices (6), est insérée dans l'empilement de couches.
PCT/EP2016/050454 2015-01-26 2016-01-12 Conception de cellules solides Ceased WO2016120060A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201680007091.9A CN107210453A (zh) 2015-01-26 2016-01-12 固态电池的设计

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015201281.6A DE102015201281A1 (de) 2015-01-26 2015-01-26 Design für Feststoffzellen
DE102015201281.6 2015-01-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016120060A1 true WO2016120060A1 (fr) 2016-08-04

Family

ID=55085666

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2016/050454 Ceased WO2016120060A1 (fr) 2015-01-26 2016-01-12 Conception de cellules solides

Country Status (3)

Country Link
CN (1) CN107210453A (fr)
DE (1) DE102015201281A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016120060A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20220102760A1 (en) * 2019-01-11 2022-03-31 Hitachi Zosen Corporation All-solid-state battery and method for manufacturing all-solid-state battery
US11391784B2 (en) 2018-06-27 2022-07-19 General Atomics Single cell fault tolerant battery system architecture
EP4328991A4 (fr) * 2021-11-23 2025-01-15 Contemporary Amperex Technology (Hong Kong) Limited Ensemble d'électrodes, élément de batterie, batterie et appareil électrique

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016219661A1 (de) * 2016-10-11 2018-04-12 Continental Automotive Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen einer galvanischen Lithium-Ionen-Zelle und galvanische Lithium-Ionen-Zelle
CN115621564A (zh) * 2021-07-15 2023-01-17 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 制造双极固态电池组的方法
DE102022102761A1 (de) 2022-02-07 2023-08-10 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Feststoffzellenbatterie sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Feststoffbatterie

Citations (3)

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US5618318A (en) * 1994-09-13 1997-04-08 Power Conversion, Inc. Method for forming a folded electrode configuration for galvanic cells
US20140272537A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electrochemical cell having a folded electrode and separator, battery including the same, and method of forming same
US20140272559A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electrochemical cell including a folded electrode, components thereof, battery including the electrochemical cell, and method of forming same

Family Cites Families (3)

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JP2006147300A (ja) * 2004-11-18 2006-06-08 Sony Corp 電池
JP5609893B2 (ja) * 2010-01-29 2014-10-22 Jsr株式会社 電気化学デバイス
JP5599366B2 (ja) * 2011-05-16 2014-10-01 日立造船株式会社 固体組電池の製造方法

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5618318A (en) * 1994-09-13 1997-04-08 Power Conversion, Inc. Method for forming a folded electrode configuration for galvanic cells
US20140272537A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electrochemical cell having a folded electrode and separator, battery including the same, and method of forming same
US20140272559A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electrochemical cell including a folded electrode, components thereof, battery including the electrochemical cell, and method of forming same

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11391784B2 (en) 2018-06-27 2022-07-19 General Atomics Single cell fault tolerant battery system architecture
US12044748B2 (en) 2018-06-27 2024-07-23 General Atomics Single cell fault tolerant battery system architecture
US12203998B2 (en) 2018-06-27 2025-01-21 General Atomics Single cell fault tolerant battery system architecture
US20220102760A1 (en) * 2019-01-11 2022-03-31 Hitachi Zosen Corporation All-solid-state battery and method for manufacturing all-solid-state battery
US11848421B2 (en) * 2019-01-11 2023-12-19 Hitachi Zosen Corporation All-solid-state battery and method for manufacturing all-solid-state battery
EP4328991A4 (fr) * 2021-11-23 2025-01-15 Contemporary Amperex Technology (Hong Kong) Limited Ensemble d'électrodes, élément de batterie, batterie et appareil électrique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN107210453A (zh) 2017-09-26
DE102015201281A1 (de) 2016-07-28

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