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WO2016119274A1 - 一种捕蚊方法及用于该方法中的引诱剂装置 - Google Patents

一种捕蚊方法及用于该方法中的引诱剂装置 Download PDF

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WO2016119274A1
WO2016119274A1 PCT/CN2015/072477 CN2015072477W WO2016119274A1 WO 2016119274 A1 WO2016119274 A1 WO 2016119274A1 CN 2015072477 W CN2015072477 W CN 2015072477W WO 2016119274 A1 WO2016119274 A1 WO 2016119274A1
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mosquito
attractant
bait
spaces
lactic acid
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刘宪雄
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
    • A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
    • A01M1/08—Attracting and catching insects by using combined illumination or colours and suction effects
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
    • A01M1/10—Catching insects by using Traps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of killing mosquitoes.
  • the present invention relates to a mosquito trapping method capable of simultaneously absorbing an odor mainly by a bait, capable of simultaneously attracting male mosquitoes and female mosquitoes to a mosquito trap, and an attractant device used in the method.
  • mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, encephalitis and West Nile virus infection.
  • mosquito bites often interfere with humans, causing discomfort to human body and sleep.
  • chemical insecticides to kill mosquitoes is harmful to human health and has environmentally damaging consequences.
  • the same insecticides produce resistance to chemical insecticides.
  • the use of mosquito coils and the like can only temporarily remove mosquitoes without reducing their quantity.
  • Female mosquitoes have a life cycle of at least one to two months. Most of them start to absorb animal blood for 2-3 days after emergence, develop ovaries, breed offspring and supply nutrients for fertilized eggs during pregnancy. At the same time, female mosquitoes are infected with viruses in biting animals. The relative male mosquitoes usually have a life cycle of 7-10 days. They can be mated two days after emergence. They only need to rely on water and leaf juice to survive, and will not attack animals and infectious viruses. Therefore, the study of most mosquito attractants is limited to female mosquitoes and the research on male mosquitoes is rarely found in the literature.
  • Carbon dioxide is one of the important elements that attract mosquitoes to target.
  • a photocatalyst mosquito trap that has been known to be commercially used, which adds a titanium dioxide coating inside the mosquito trap, claiming that titanium dioxide can react with ultraviolet rays to generate negative ion oxygen, and negative ion oxygen chemically reacts with floating microorganisms in the air to form carbon dioxide and water. .
  • the mosquito-trapping effect can be enhanced by the combination of ultraviolet light and carbon dioxide.
  • no scientific instrument has detected the carbon dioxide produced by photocatalyst mosquito traps.
  • the mosquito trapping effect of this mosquito trap is similar to that of a mosquito trap with only a light source.
  • the most representative of the bait-enhanced mosquito-repellent device is the mosquito-killing magnet produced by Woodstream in the United States.
  • the combustion of propane or liquefied petroleum gas produces carbon dioxide as the main bait for attracting mosquitoes, and its concentration needs to reach above 500 PPM.
  • the auxiliary bait is placed at the air outlet to be discharged with the main bait to enhance the efficiency of mosquito trapping.
  • the cost of this product is high, and the average consumer has no ability to purchase; the safety considerations for the storage and transportation of propane or liquefied petroleum gas, and the high concentration of carbon dioxide emissions have limited the popularity of mosquito-killing magnetism.
  • the invention extracts effective attracting elements from a plurality of attractants and can volatilize at room temperature to attract mosquitoes, and combines simple mosquito traps to effectively kill different mosquito species, male mosquitoes and female mosquitoes.
  • Patent position US patent of US 6,145,243;
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in the comprehensive academic foundation of the above, and proposes a mosquito trapping method for various mosquito species and simultaneous male mosquitoes and female mosquitoes, and an attractant device used in the method.
  • the mosquito trapping method of the present invention adopts the following technical solution: the method is to install an attractant which can volatilize the odor attracting bait at the air inlet of the mosquito trap, and use the attractant to volatilize to form an odor bait.
  • the mosquito is attracted to the area, and then the mosquito is sucked into the mosquito trap by the negative pressure airflow generated by the mosquito trap to form a mosquito for killing; wherein the attractant comprises three kinds of three separate spaces.
  • lactic acid lactic acid
  • octene alcohol compounds capable of cracking and releasing ammonia gas and carbon dioxide, respectively, which are volatilized outward through through holes provided in respective spaces, and constitute Forming an attractive scent bait to mosquitoes.
  • the lactic acid and the octene alcohol are liquid, and are immersed in a carrier capable of adsorbing liquid, and the flowability of the lactic acid and the octene alcohol and the volatilization rate of the controller are reduced by the carrier;
  • the enol volatilization rate is controlled at 0.1-10 mg/hr.
  • the compound capable of cracking and releasing ammonia gas and carbon dioxide is solid ammonium hydrogencarbonate.
  • the ammonium hydrogencarbonate adopts calcium carbonate as a binder, and forms a mass by pressurization to reduce the volatile surface area of ammonium hydrogencarbonate and control the volatilization rate; the ammonium hydrogencarbonate The volatilization rate is controlled at 1-300 mg / hr.
  • the technical solution adopted in the attractant device used in the mosquito trapping method of the present invention is that the device includes A bait box with three isolated spaces, three volatile different substances placed in three spaces: lactic acid, octene alcohol, and compounds capable of cracking and releasing ammonia and carbon dioxide.
  • the three substances are volatilized outward through the through holes provided in the respective spaces, and constitute an odor bait which attracts mosquitoes to form an attraction.
  • the bait box is composed of a plastic cylinder body constituting three mutually isolated spaces, a tin foil paper covering the opening of the plastic cylinder body, and a plastic top cover, and the top cover is respectively opened corresponding to three mutually isolated spaces.
  • the through hole pierces the tin foil paper to cause the three substances to volatilize the odor bait.
  • a ternary bait, lactic acid, octene alcohol and ammonium hydrogencarbonate are respectively placed in three separate spaces of the bait box, and the three chemical components can be volatilized at room temperature under air flow conditions. Enough to attract mosquito concentration. The odor formed by the volatilization of the ternary bait is mixed, and the odor emitted by the human body is extremely similar, which will attract the formation of characters. Because the mosquito's olfactory sensation is acute, a trace of effective bait odor can effectively attract mosquitoes.
  • the bait box of the present invention is placed in the center of the air inlet of the mosquito trap, and when the mosquito is attracted to the bait box accessory by a small amount of attractant, the mosquito trap is sucked into the mosquito trap.
  • the present invention has the following features with respect to the current conventional scheme:
  • the odor generated by the volatilization of the three substances in the attractant is similar to that produced by the human body, thereby misleading the mosquitoes, thereby attracting the mosquitoes, attracting them to the effective working area of the mosquito trap, and effectively killing the mosquitoes.
  • the three substances in the attractant of the present invention are volatile, non-toxic and do not pollute the environment, and are environmentally friendly, and can be used both outdoors and indoors.
  • Mosquitoes produce antibodies against insecticides, and the attractants of the present invention can effectively and effectively hunt mosquitoes.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of an attractant device of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a mosquito trap used in the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a table showing the indoor capture effect of the 4 day old non-breathing Aedes albopictus
  • Figure 4 is a table showing the indoor capture effect of the present invention for a 4 day old non-breathing Aedes aegypti;
  • Figure 5 is a table showing the indoor capture effect of the 5 day old non-breathing Aedes aegypti;
  • Figure 6 is a table showing the indoor capture effect of the 6 day old non-breathing Aedes aegypti;
  • Figure 7 is a data sheet of indoor capture effect of the 4 day old non-blooded Anopheles sinensis
  • Fig. 8 is a table showing the indoor capture effect of the present invention for a 4-day-old non-hemorrhagic trichophyton.
  • the test of the present invention was carried out by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and tested for the Chinese high-infected Aedes aegypti (dengue and yellow fever), Aedes albopictus (dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis) , Chikungunya fever ), the attracting effect of Anopheles sinensis (malaria, except Qinghai Xinjiang) and Culex pipiens pallens (epidemic encephalitis and malaria).
  • Aedes aegypti dengue and yellow fever
  • Aedes albopictus dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis
  • Chikungunya fever Chikungunya fever
  • Anopheles sinensis malaria, except Qinghai Xinjiang
  • Culex pipiens pallens epidemic encephalitis and malaria
  • Aedes albopictus, Anopheles sinensis and Culex pipiens pallens are adult mosquitoes four days after emergence, and Aedes aegypti is two days, three days, four days, five days and six days of adult mosquitoes after emergence.
  • Each test requires about 200, male and female, and the female mosquito does not suck blood after emergence.
  • the tested mosquito species were provided by the Media Biology Control Office of the Center for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic exploded perspective view of an attractant device of the present invention.
  • the device comprises a bait box 20 having three mutually isolated spaces, three volatile different substances respectively placed in three spaces: lactic acid, octene alcohol, and capable of cracking and releasing ammonia gas. And the carbon dioxide compound, the three substances are volatilized outward through the small holes provided in the respective spaces, and constitute an odor bait which attracts mosquitoes to form an attraction.
  • the bait box 20 includes a barrel 201, a foil paper 202, and a top cover 203.
  • the cylindrical body 201 and the top cover 203 are made of a plastic material, wherein three mutually isolated spaces are formed inside the cylindrical body 201, and the appropriate amounts of the above three substances are respectively placed in different spaces, and after the tubular body 201 is sealed by the tin foil paper 202, The top cover 203 is screwed to the port portion of the cylinder 201, thereby forming a gland on the foil paper 202, sealing the three mutually isolated spaces in the cylinder 201, and preventing the volatilization of the three substances by sealing the foil paper. .
  • the top cover 203 is provided with a through hole 204.
  • the tin foil When the attracting device is used, the tin foil is pierced through a through hole 204 by a sharp object such as a needle or a thorn, and the three substances are volatilized outward through the through hole 204.
  • a scent bait When the attracting device is used, the tin foil is pierced through a through hole 204 by a sharp object such as a needle or a thorn, and the three substances are volatilized outward through the through hole 204.
  • a scent bait A scent bait.
  • ammonium hydrogencarbonate is a solid powder which is slowly decomposed into ammonia gas, carbon dioxide and water at room temperature.
  • the ammonium hydrogencarbonate used in the present invention uses calcium carbonate as a binder and is extruded into a cake to reduce the volatile surface area and control the volatilization rate.
  • the lactic acid and octenol used in the present invention are liquids which are immersed in a liquid-adsorbable carrier to reduce the fluidity thereof without affecting the volatilization rate thereof.
  • the carrier capable of adsorbing the liquid may be a material having micropores such as non-woven fabric, sponge, or cotton wool.
  • the present invention controls the range of volatilization rates of three materials, from 50 to 300 mg/hr of ammonium bicarbonate and from 1 to 5 mg/hr of lactic acid and octenol.
  • the mosquito trap 10 used in the present invention is an exhaust type mosquito trap. It is similar to a fan except that the fan is blown outward, and the mosquito trap 10 used in the present invention is of a draft type, which will lure
  • the agent device 20 is placed in the central region of the air inlet 401 of the mosquito trap 10.
  • the mosquito trap 10 When the mosquito trap 10 is activated, the air flow increases the volatilization of the bait material in the attractant device, and when the mosquito is attracted to the mosquito trap 10 by the scent bait In port 401, the mosquito trap 10 generates a negative pressure to draw the mosquito into the mosquito trap.
  • the trap 10 includes a light emitting device 30, a housing 40, a fan device 50, and a collecting device 60.
  • the attractant device 20 is used to scent the scent bait to attract mosquitoes.
  • the fan unit 50 is disposed in the above-described hollow portion of the housing 40 for generating an air flow from the air inlet 401 to the exhaust port 402 through the housing 40 to inhale mosquitoes from the air inlet 401.
  • the collection device 60 is coupled to the exhaust port 402 of the housing 40 for collecting mosquitoes that are drawn into the housing 40 and exhausting airflow generated by the fan unit 50.
  • the light generated by the illuminating device 30 has an effect of assisting in attracting mosquitoes in a dark environment.
  • Example 1 Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti
  • control room temperature is 24-26 ° C, relative humidity is 40-60%;
  • control room temperature is 26-28 ° C, relative humidity is 50-70%;
  • Example 1 Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti
  • the capture effect of the present invention on Aedes albopictus can be seen from Fig. 3, and has a good capturing effect on the 4-day-old Aedes albopictus, and the cumulative capture rate of female mosquitoes in 12 hours is 73.37%, and the capture of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes.
  • the rate is as high as 96.89%.
  • Example 2 Capture effect of Aedes aegypti
  • the 12-hour capture effect of Aedes aegypti on the 4 days after emergence is not only 36.46 ⁇ 8.92% (see FIG. 4), but with the extension of the time after emergence to the 5th and 6th days,
  • the 12-hour cumulative female mosquito capture rate increased to 79.10 ⁇ 5.83% (shown in Figure 5) and 90.45 ⁇ 6.32% (see figure 6)).
  • the increase of the capture rate with the increase of the emergence time is related to the development of Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes. As the development of Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes matures, the capture efficiency of the present invention increases accordingly.
  • the present invention is better for the 4-day-old non-blooded Anopheles sinensis, as shown in Fig. 7, the 12-hour cumulative female mosquito capture rate is 79.84 ⁇ 7.55%, which is similar to the cumulative capture rate of the 4-day-old non-blooded Aedes albopictus. .
  • the 12-hour cumulative female mosquito capture rate of the 4 day old non-hemorrhagic Culex pipiens pallens in the present invention is 51.08 ⁇ 5.45%, which is higher than the cumulative capture rate of the 4th day old non-blooded Aedes aegypti at the same time.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)

Abstract

一种捕蚊方法将可挥发形成气味诱饵的引诱剂装置（20）设置在捕蚊器（10）的进气口（401）处，利用引诱剂挥发形成的气味诱饵将蚊子吸引至该区域，然后利用捕蚊器产生的负压气流将蚊子吸入捕蚊器（10）内部，对蚊子形成捕杀。该方法中的引诱剂装置所使用的引诱剂包括分别放置于三个相互隔离空间内的、三种可挥发的不同的物质，构成对蚊子形成吸引的气味诱饵。引诱剂中的三种物质挥发后形成的气味可将蚊虫引诱至捕蚊器的有效工作区域，对蚊虫形成有效捕杀。引诱剂无毒性且不会污染环境，室外与室内均可使用。

Description

一种捕蚊方法及用于该方法中的引诱剂装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种捕杀蚊虫的方法。具体地，本发明涉及一种主要通过诱饵散发气味，能同时有效吸引雄蚊与雌蚊至捕蚊器的捕蚊方法以及用于该方法中的引诱剂装置。
背景技术
全球每年超过一百万人死于诸如疟疾、登革热、脑炎和西尼罗河病毒感染等由蚊虫传播的疾病。除了可能带来疾病以外，蚊虫的叮咬也时常干扰人类，给人类的身体和睡眠等带来不适。使用化学杀虫剂灭蚊有害人体健康并且具有破坏环境的后果，同蚊虫会产生抗药性使化学杀虫剂效率降低。使用蚊香等仅能暂时驱赶蚊虫而不能减少其数量。
雌蚊生命周期至少为一至两个月，多在羽化后2-3天开始吸取动物血液为生，发育卵巢，繁衍后代与供给怀孕时受精卵的养分。同时雌蚊在叮咬动物传染病毒。相对的雄蚊生命周期一般为7-10天，羽化后两天即可交配，只需依靠水分与树叶汁即可生存，不会袭击动物与传染病毒。所以大部分蚊子引诱剂的研究局限于雌蚊而对雄蚊的研究很少见诸文献。
Nasci等于1983指出常见的光诱捕蚊器是利用紫外线光来吸引蚊虫，但只能捕获趋光的雄蚊或昆虫包刮传递花粉的益虫，对雌蚊则效果不彰。对白天袭击人类并且传染登革热的埃及伊蚊与白蚊伊蚊则完全无效。
生物学家在二十世纪初期开始研究二氧化碳与化学气味对蚊子的引诱性，近二十年Takken and Knold 1999；Allan et al.2006；Cook et al.2011；Kline et al.2012；等文章多有深入探讨。
Bernier等(2000)以GC/MS仪器分析人体皮肤排出物含有300多种化合物，包刮羧酸，醇，醛，酮，芳香烃，酰胺，酯，卤代烃，杂环类化合物。汗液主要成分为水，L-乳酸，氨与尿素。许多文献研究生物呼吸与皮肤排出不同元素对不同蚊种的吸引力做了许多深入的探讨。Bosch et al.,1999文中指出引诱剂在空气中的浓度在百万分之一或更低都足够对蚊子产生吸引力.
二氧化碳是是吸引蚊子寻找攻击目标的重要元素之一。已知已经商业应用的一种光触媒捕蚊器，其在捕蚊器内部增加二氧化钛涂层，宣称二氧化钛可与紫外线发生作用产生负离子氧，负离子氧与空气中浮游微生物发生化学作用从而形成二氧化碳与水。通过紫外线结合二氧化碳的引诱可增强捕蚊效果。但是，至今没有任何科学仪器可侦测到由光触媒捕蚊器产生的二氧化碳，这种捕蚊器的捕蚊效果与只有光源的捕蚊器相差不大。
以诱饵加强补蚊器最具代表性为美国Woodstream公司出产的灭蚊磁，燃烧丙烷或液化石油气产生二氧化碳为吸引蚊虫主要诱饵，其浓度需达到500PPM以上。辅助诱饵置于出风口随主诱饵排出，增强捕蚊效率。但是此产品造价高，一般消费者没能力购买；丙烷或液化石油气的储运与使用的安全考虑，高浓度二氧化碳排出均局限了灭蚊磁的普及。
虽然生物科学家广泛深入研究不同气味对蚊子的引诱效果，但局限于一种或组合气味对某些特定蚊种的雌蚊的学术探讨而少实用性的考虑。本发明从众多引诱剂筛选有效诱蚊元素能于室温挥发足够吸引蚊子的气味，结合结构简单的捕蚊器，对不同蚊种，雄蚊，雌蚊均有效的捕杀。
参考专利文献：
1、专利号位：US 6,145,243的美国专利；
2、专利申请号为：200510135487.5的中国发明专利申请；
3、专利申请号为：201010142601.8的中国发明专利申请。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题就在于综合以上学术理论基础，提出一种对各种不同蚊种与同时对雄蚊，雌蚊有效的捕蚊方法以及用于该方法中的引诱剂装置。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明捕蚊方法采用了以下技术方案：该方法是将一种可挥发形成气味诱饵的引诱剂装置在捕蚊器的进气口处，利用引诱剂挥发形成的气味诱饵将蚊子吸引该区域，然后利用捕蚊器产生的负压气流将蚊子吸入至捕蚊器内部，对蚊子形成捕杀；其中所述的引诱剂包括分别放置于三个相互隔离空间内的、三种可挥发的不同的物质，这三种物质分别为：乳酸、辛烯醇、以及能够裂解释放氨气和二氧化碳的化合物，所述的三种物质分别通过各自空间设置的通孔向外挥发，构成对蚊子形成吸引的气味诱饵。
进一步而言，上述技术方案中，所述的乳酸、辛烯醇为液体，将其浸入可吸附液体的载体内，通过载体降低乳酸、辛烯醇的流动性及控制器挥发率；乳酸、辛烯醇挥发率控制在0.1-10毫克/小时。
进一步而言，上述技术方案中，所述的够裂解释放氨气和二氧化碳的化合物为固态的碳酸氢铵。
进一步而言，上述技术方案中，所述的碳酸氢铵采用以碳酸钙为黏合剂，通过加压形成块状物，以降低碳酸氢铵的挥发表面积和控制挥发率；所述的碳酸氢铵挥发率控制在1-300毫克/小时。
本发明中用于捕蚊方法中的引诱剂装置所采用的技术方案为：该装置包括 一个具有三个相互隔离空间的诱饵盒，三种可挥发的不同的物质分别放置于三个空间内，这三种物质分别为：乳酸、辛烯醇、以及能够裂解释放氨气和二氧化碳的化合物，所述的三种物质分别通过各自空间设置的通孔向外挥发，构成对蚊子形成吸引的气味诱饵。
所述的诱饵盒由构成三个相互隔离空间的塑胶筒体、覆盖在塑胶筒体开口的锡箔纸、以及塑胶顶盖组合而成，所述的顶盖上对应三个相互隔离的空间分别开设有通孔；三种物质分别放置于三个空间内以后，通过锡箔纸将三个空间密封，再通过顶盖与筒体开口的配合将锡箔纸锁紧；通过尖锐物体穿过顶盖上的通孔刺破锡箔纸令三种物质向外挥发气味诱饵。
本发明中引诱剂装置中采用了三元诱饵，乳酸、辛烯醇与碳酸氢氨，分别置于诱饵盒三个独立空间内，此三种化学成分均能于室温，空气流动的条件下挥发足以吸引蚊子浓度。所述的三元诱饵所构成的引诱剂挥发形成的气味混合后，与人体释放的气味极其近似，会对文字形成引诱。由于蚊子的嗅觉异常敏锐，微量有效的诱饵气味即可有效的引诱蚊子。将本发明的诱饵盒置于捕蚊器进气口的中央，蚊虫被散发微量的引诱剂吸引至诱饵盒附件时，随气流吸入捕蚊器的集蚊装置。
本发明相对于目前的传统方案具有以下特点：
1.引诱剂中的三种物质挥发后形成的气味与人体自身的产生的气味相似，从而误导蚊虫，从而对蚊虫形成引诱，将其引诱至捕蚊器有效工作区域，对蚊虫形成有效捕杀。
2、本发明中引诱剂中的三种物质挥发微量，无毒性且不会污染环境，有利于环保,室外与室内均可使用。
3.蚊虫对消杀杀虫剂会产生抗体，而本发明引诱剂可持续有效的猎捕蚊虫。
附图说明
图1是本发明引诱剂装置实施例一的结构示意图；
图2是本发明所使用的捕蚊器的结构示意图；
图3是本发明对4日龄未吸血白纹伊蚊的室内捕获效果数据表；
图4是本发明对4日龄未吸血埃及伊蚊的室内捕获效果数据表；
图5是本发明对5日龄未吸血埃及伊蚊的室内捕获效果数据表；
图6是本发明对6日龄未吸血埃及伊蚊的室内捕获效果数据表；
图7是本发明对4日龄未吸血中华按蚊的室内捕获效果数据表；
图8是本发明对4日龄未吸血三带喙库蚊的室内捕获效果数据表。
具体实施方式
本发明的试验于中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所进行，测试本发明对中国高传染媒介的埃及伊蚊(登革热与黄热病)，白蚊伊蚊(登革热,流行性乙型脑炎，基孔肯雅热)，中华按蚊(疟疾，青海新疆除外)与三带喙库蚊(流行性乙型脑炎和疟疾)的引诱效果。
1.供应试虫:
白蚊伊蚊,中华按蚊与三带喙库蚊为羽化后四天的成蚊，埃及伊蚊为羽化后二天，三天，四天,五天与六天的成蚊。每次测定需要约200只，雌雄个半，雌蚊羽化后未吸血。测试蚊种均由中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所媒介生物控制室提供。
2.诱饵与诱饵挥发浓度：
图1是本发明引诱剂装置的立体分解结构示意图。该装置包括一个具有三个相互隔离空间的诱饵盒20，三种可挥发的不同的物质分别放置于三个空间内，这三种物质分别为：乳酸、辛烯醇、以及能够裂解释放氨气和二氧化碳的化合物，所述的三种物质分别通过各自空间设置的小孔向外挥发，构成对蚊子形成吸引的气味诱饵。
诱饵盒20包括：筒体201、锡箔纸202、顶盖203。其中筒体201与顶盖203采用塑胶材料制作，其中于筒体201内部形成有三个相互隔离的空间，将适量上述三种物质分别放入不同空间内，以锡箔纸202密封筒体201后，在将顶盖203螺纹锁紧在筒体201的端口部，从而对锡箔纸202形成压盖，将筒体201内的三个相互隔离空间密封，通过锡箔纸的密封可防止三种物质的挥发。所述的顶盖203上开设有通孔204，使用本引诱剂装置时，通过针、刺等尖锐物体穿过通孔204将锡箔纸刺穿，三种物质就会通过通孔204向外挥发出气味诱饵。
所述三种物质中，碳酸氢铵为固体粉末于室温下缓慢分解成氨气，二氧化碳与水。本发明使用的碳酸氢铵以碳酸钙为黏合剂并挤压成饼块以降低挥发表面积与控制挥发率。本发明使用的乳酸与辛烯醇为液体，其浸入在可吸附液体的载体内，以减少其流动性且不影响其挥发率。可吸附液体的载体可采用不织布、海绵、棉絮等具有微孔的材料。
本发明控制三种物质挥发率的范围，碳酸氢铵为50-300毫克/小时，乳酸与辛烯醇为1-5毫克/小时。
3.案例使用的捕蚊器:
见图2所示，本发明使用的捕蚊器10为抽风型捕蚊器。其与风扇类似，所不同的是，风扇是向外吹风，而本发明所使用的捕蚊器10为抽风型，其将引诱 剂装置20置于捕蚊器10的进气口401中央区域，捕蚊器10启动时，空气流动增加引诱剂装置中的诱饵物质的挥发，当蚊子被气味诱饵吸引至捕蚊器10进气口401，捕蚊器10产生负压将蚊子吸入捕蚊器内。
如图2所示，诱捕器10包括：发光装置30、壳体40、风扇装置50以及收集装置60。引诱剂装置20用于散发气味诱饵来吸引蚊虫。风扇装置50布置在壳体40的上述中空部分中，用于产生从进气口401到排气口402穿过壳体40的气流，以从进气口401吸入蚊虫。收集装置60连接到壳体40的排气口402，用于收集被吸入到壳体40的蚊虫并且排出风扇装置50所产生的气流。另外，发光装置30产生的光亮在黑暗环境中有辅助吸引蚊虫的效果。
4.试验条件：
对白纹伊蚊和埃及伊蚊捕获效果评估，在温度25±1℃、相对湿度50％±10％下进行，晴天自然光照；对中华按蚊和三带喙库蚊捕获效果的评估，在温度27±1℃，相对湿度70％±10％下进行，为晴天的自然光照。
5.测定方法
实施例一：白纹伊蚊和埃及伊蚊
①将蚊帐安置在控制温湿度条件的房间中，其中蚊帐尺寸为，240厘米长，220厘米宽，175厘米高。
②将待测捕蚊器放置在蚊帐中间且离地面30厘米的台子上；
③控制室温为24-26℃，相对湿度为40-60％；
④于测定的前一天晚上21:00左右向蚊帐中放入约200只羽化后伊蚊，雌雄各半，使蚊虫自由活动；
⑤于上午9:00开始，开启捕蚊器开关；
⑥每15分钟、30分钟、60分钟、120分钟，之后每2小时观察一次，到12小时为止，分别记录诱捕器的蚊虫数量，并辨别雌雄；试验重复3次。
(2)中华按蚊和三带喙库蚊的测定
①将蚊帐安置在控制温湿度条件的房间中，其中蚊帐尺寸为，240厘米长，220厘米宽，175厘米高。
②将待测捕蚊器放置在蚊帐中间且离地面30厘米的台子上；
③控制室温为26-28℃，相对湿度为50-70％；
④于测定当天早上10:00左右，向蚊帐中放入约200只羽化后第4天的中华按蚊和三带喙库蚊蚊虫，雌雄各半，使蚊虫自由活动；
⑤于下午5:00开始，开启捕蚊器开关；
⑥分别于捕蚊器工作后的第15分钟、第30分钟、第60分钟、第120分钟，之后每2小时观察一次，到12小时为止分别记录诱捕器的蚊虫数量(三带喙库蚊第8小时、第10小时没有记录)，并辨别雌雄；试验重复3次。
实验结果：
实施例一：白纹伊蚊和埃及伊蚊
本发明对白纹伊蚊的捕获效果由图3可见，对4日龄白纹伊蚊有很好的捕获效果，其12小时的雌蚊累计捕获率为73.37％，对白纹伊蚊雄蚊的捕获率高达96.89％。
实施例二：埃及伊蚊的捕获效果
本发明对羽化后4天未吸血的埃及伊蚊12小时的捕获效果仅为36.46±8.92％(见图4所示)，然而随着羽化后时间的延长到第5天和第6天，其12小时累计雌蚊捕获率增加到79.10±5.83％(见图5所示)和90.45±6.32％(见图 6所示)。捕获率随羽化时间增加而提高与埃及伊蚊雌蚊的发育程度有关，随着埃及伊蚊雌蚊的发育程度日渐成熟，本发明的捕获效率相应的增加。
实施例三：中华按蚊的捕获效果
本发明对4日龄未吸血中华按蚊较好，见图7所示，其12小时累计雌蚊捕获率为79.84±7.55％，与对4日龄未吸血白纹伊蚊的累计捕获率相近。
实施例四：三带喙库蚊的捕获效果
见图8所示，本发明4日龄未吸血三带喙库蚊的12小时累计雌蚊捕获率为51.08±5.45％，高于4日龄未吸血埃及伊蚊的相同时间的累计捕获率，低于相同条件下白纹伊蚊和中华按蚊的捕获率。
当然，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并非来限制本发明实施范围，凡依本发明申请专利范围所述构造、特征及原理所做的等效变化或修饰，均应包括于本发明申请专利范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种捕蚊方法，其特征在于：该方法是将一种可挥发形成气味诱饵的引诱剂装置放置在捕蚊器的进气口处，利用引诱剂挥发形成的气味诱饵将蚊子吸引到该区域，然后利用捕蚊器产生的负压气流将蚊子吸入至捕蚊器内部，对蚊子形成捕杀；
    其中，所述的引诱剂包括分别放置于三个相互隔离空间内的、三种可挥发的不同的物质，这三种物质分别为：乳酸、辛烯醇、以及能够裂解释放氨气和二氧化碳的化合物，所述的三种物质分别通过各自空间设置的通孔向外挥发，构成对蚊子形成吸引的气味诱饵。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种捕蚊方法，其特征在于：所述的乳酸、辛烯醇为液体，将其浸入在可吸附液体的载体内，通过载体降低乳酸、辛烯醇的流动性及控制其挥发率；乳酸、辛烯醇挥发率控制在0.1-10毫克/小时。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种捕蚊方法，其特征在于：所述的能够裂解释放氨气和二氧化碳的化合物为固态的碳酸氢铵。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种捕蚊方法，其特征在于：所述的碳酸氢铵采用以碳酸钙为黏合剂，通过加压形成块状物，以降低碳酸氢铵的挥发表面积和控制挥发率；所述的碳酸氢铵挥发率控制在1-300毫克/小时。
  5. 一种用于捕蚊方法中的引诱剂装置，其特征在于：该装置包括一个具有三个相互隔离空间的诱饵盒，三种可挥发的不同的物质分别放置于三个空间内，这三种物质分别为：乳酸、辛烯醇、以及能够裂解释放氨气和二氧化碳的化合物，所述的三种物质分别通过各自空间设置的通孔向外挥发，构成对蚊子形成吸引的气味诱饵。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种用于捕蚊方法中的引诱剂装置，其特征在于： 所述的乳酸、辛烯醇为液体，将其浸入在可吸附液体的载体内，通过载体降低乳酸、辛烯醇的流动性及控制器挥发率。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种用于捕蚊方法中的引诱剂装置，其特征在于：所述的乳酸、辛烯醇挥发率控制在0.1-10毫克/小时。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的一种用于捕蚊方法中的引诱剂装置，其特征在于：所述的够裂解释放氨气和二氧化碳的化合物为固态的碳酸氢铵；所述的碳酸氢铵采用以碳酸钙为黏合剂，通过加压形成块状物，以降低碳酸氢铵的挥发表面积和控制挥发率。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种用于捕蚊方法中的引诱剂装置，其特征在于：所述的碳酸氢铵挥发率控制在1-300毫克/小时。
  10. 根据权利要求5-9中任意一项所述的一种用于捕蚊方法中的引诱剂装置，其特征在于：所述的诱饵盒由构成三个相互隔离空间的塑胶筒体、覆盖在塑胶筒体开口的锡箔纸、以及塑胶顶盖组合而成，所述的顶盖上对应三个相互隔离的空间分别开设有通孔；三种物质分别放置于三个空间内以后，通过锡箔纸将三个空间密封，再通过顶盖与筒体开口的配合将锡箔纸锁紧；通过尖锐物体穿过顶盖上的通孔刺破锡箔纸令三种物质向外挥发气味诱饵。
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