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WO2016101189A1 - 活塞透平复合发动机 - Google Patents

活塞透平复合发动机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016101189A1
WO2016101189A1 PCT/CN2014/094859 CN2014094859W WO2016101189A1 WO 2016101189 A1 WO2016101189 A1 WO 2016101189A1 CN 2014094859 W CN2014094859 W CN 2014094859W WO 2016101189 A1 WO2016101189 A1 WO 2016101189A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
turbine
generator
engine
coupled
passage
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2014/094859
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王崎文
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Wisdom Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Wisdom Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Wisdom Energy Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Wisdom Energy Technology Co Ltd
Priority to PCT/CN2014/094859 priority Critical patent/WO2016101189A1/zh
Publication of WO2016101189A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016101189A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B41/00—Engines characterised by special means for improving conversion of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power
    • F02B41/02—Engines with prolonged expansion
    • F02B41/10—Engines with prolonged expansion in exhaust turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
    • F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power unit, and more particularly to a piston turbine compound engine.
  • the exhaust of the main engine drives the turbine to rotate to drive the load.
  • the exhaust power generation portion does not work, causing interruption of power.
  • power interruption is caused.
  • the engine may need to adjust its own power output depending on the load. Under some extreme operating conditions, such as the case of steep slopes, it may be necessary for the engine to instantaneously explode an output that is much greater than its rated power, thus requiring the engine to have a large power reserve.
  • a piston turbine composite engine is proposed to solve at least one of the aforementioned problems.
  • the utility model relates to a piston turbine compound engine, which comprises a piston main engine, a turbine engine, an air passage, a turbine working channel, a supplemental combustion device, a bypass passage and an air flow direction control device.
  • the piston main engine includes a cylinder and intake and exhaust valves in fluid communication with the cylinder.
  • the turbine engine includes a rotating shaft and a turbine and a compressor fixed to the rotating shaft.
  • the turbine includes a turbine working fluid inlet portion, and the compressor includes a compressor outlet portion.
  • the air passage is disposed between the compressor outlet portion and the cylinder intake valve for supplying compressed air of the compressor to the cylinder via the intake valve.
  • the turbine working fluid passage is disposed between the turbine working fluid inlet portion and the cylinder outlet valve for supplying a working fluid to the turbine to drive the turbine rotation, wherein the turbine is Rotation will drive the compressor to rotate to compress the air.
  • the supplemental combustion device is disposed on the turbine working fluid passage, and the supplementary combustion device heats the turbine working fluid in a combustion manner, and the supplementary combustion device includes an inlet of the supplementary combustion device.
  • the bypass flow passage is connected between the compressor outlet portion and the inlet of the afterburning device.
  • the air flow control device is configured to control the compressed air of the compressor to be input to the main engine cylinder or to the supplemental combustion device via the bypass flow passage.
  • the main engine includes a main shaft, and the turbine rotating shaft is mechanically coupled to the main shaft such that rotation of the rotating shaft is coaxially outputted with the main shaft.
  • the main engine is coupled to a generator for driving the generator to generate electricity, and the generator is coupled to a motor to power the electric machine.
  • the turbine engine is coupled to a generator for driving the generator to generate electricity, and the generator is coupled to a motor to power the motor.
  • the main engine is coupled to a first generator for driving the first generator to generate electricity
  • the first generator is coupled to a motor to power the motor
  • a second generator connection is used to drive the second generator to generate electricity
  • a second generator is coupled to the motor to power the motor.
  • the main engine is coupled to a first generator for driving the first generator to generate electricity, the first generator is coupled to a motor; and the turbine engine is coupled to a second generator for Driving the second generator to generate electricity, the second generator is connected to the motor;
  • the piston turbine compound engine further includes a battery, and the battery and the first generator and the second generator are at least A connection is received to receive power from the connected generator, the battery being coupled to the electric machine, the first generator, the second generator, and the battery selectively powering the motor, either alone or in combination.
  • the main engine is coaxially output with the turbine engine, and the first generator and the second generator are the same generator.
  • a piston turbine compound engine is also proposed herein, which includes a piston main engine, a turbine engine, a first passage, a supplemental combustion device, a second passage, and a third passage.
  • the piston type main engine includes an intake valve and an exhaust valve.
  • the turbine engine includes a turbine and a compressor, wherein rotation of the turbine causes the compressor to rotate.
  • the first passage is in fluid communication with the exhaust valve and the turbine.
  • the supplemental combustion device is disposed on the first passage to heat the working fluid to be worked on the turbine in a combustion manner.
  • the second passage is in fluid communication between the compressor and the intake valve
  • the third passage is in fluid communication between the compressor and the afterburning device
  • the compressed air of the compressor is selected Or input to the main engine through the second passage or to the afterburning device through the third passage.
  • the afterburning device warms the exhaust gas of the main engine in a combustion manner; when the compressor is compressed When the air is input to the afterburning device through the third passage, the supplemental combustion device warms the compressed air in a combustion manner.
  • the present invention provides a piston turbine compound engine that combines a turbine engine with a piston main engine.
  • the turbine engine increases the power reserve of the entire engine block.
  • the turbine engine section can also be operated separately, solving the problem of uninterrupted operation of the engine block.
  • the battery can be added, and if necessary, the piston main engine, the turbine engine and the battery simultaneously drive the load, increasing the power reserve of the composite engine.
  • FIG. 1 is a system schematic of one embodiment of a piston turbine compound engine.
  • FIG. 2 is a system schematic of another embodiment of a piston turbine compound engine.
  • This paper provides a piston turbine compound engine, which mainly includes a piston main engine, a turbine engine, a first passage, a supplemental combustion device, a second passage and a third passage.
  • the piston main engine includes an intake valve and an exhaust valve.
  • the turbine engine includes a turbine and a compressor, wherein the rotation of the turbine causes the compressor to rotate.
  • the first passage is in fluid communication between the exhaust valve and the turbine.
  • the afterburning device is disposed on the first passage to heat the working fluid to be worked on the turbine in a burning manner.
  • the second passage is in fluid communication with the compressor and the intake valve, and the third passage is in fluid communication between the compressor and the supplemental combustion device.
  • the compressed air of the compressor is selectively input to the main engine through the second passage or to the afterburning device through the third passage.
  • the afterburning device heats the exhaust gas of the main engine in a combustion manner.
  • the supplemental combustion device warms the compressed air in a combustion manner.
  • the piston turbine compound engine includes a piston main engine 10, a turbine engine 12, a first passage 14, a supplemental combustion device 16, a second passage 18, and a third passage 20.
  • the piston-type main engine 10 includes a cylinder 22 and an intake valve 24 and an exhaust valve 26 that are in fluid communication with the cylinder 22. Air enters the cylinder 22 from the intake valve 24, participates in combustion expansion, and is exhausted from the exhaust valve 26.
  • the turbine engine 12 includes a turbine shaft 28 and a turbine 30 and a compressor 32 that are fixed to the turbine shaft 28, wherein rotation of the turbine 30 causes the compressor 32 to rotate together through the shaft 28 to compress air.
  • the turbine 30 includes a turbine working fluid inlet portion 34 through which the working fluid enters the turbine to drive the turbine 30 to rotate.
  • the compressor 32 includes a compressor outlet portion 36, and the air is compressed by the compressor 32 and discharged through the compressor outlet portion 36.
  • the first passage 14 is disposed between the cylinder exhaust valve 26 and the turbine working inlet portion 34 for supplying the working fluid to the turbine 30 to drive the turbine 30 to rotate. Therefore, in some places in this article, the first channel can also be referred to as a turbine working channel.
  • the afterburning device 16 is disposed on the first passage or the turbine working fluid passage 14 to heat the working fluid to be worked on the turbine in a combustion manner. If the turbine working fluid is exhaust from the main engine 10, the afterburning device 16 further combusts the exhaust gas to form an exhaust gas combustion product. The exhaust gas combustion is then supplied to the turbine 30 via the turbine fluid passage 14 to drive the turbine 30 to rotate.
  • the working efficiency of the turbine has a lot to do with the temperature of the working fluid before the turbine. The higher the temperature, the higher the efficiency.
  • the exhaust gas temperature is typically between 450 and 550 degrees, at which temperature turbine efficiency is generally low.
  • the afterburning exhaust gas temperature is between 600 and 850 degrees. That is to say, by investing less fuel in the afterburning device 16, a greatly improved turbine efficiency can be obtained.
  • the second passage 18 is disposed between the compressor outlet portion 36 and the cylinder intake valve 24 for supplying compressed air of the compressor 32 to the cylinder 22 via the intake valve 24. Therefore, in some places in this article, the second channel can also be referred to as an air channel.
  • the third passage 20 is disposed between the compressor outlet portion 36 and the afterburning device 16 for supplying the compressed air of the compressor 32 to the afterburning device 16. That is, the compressed air generated by the compressor 32 under the drive of the turbine 30 can be selectively input to the main engine 10 through the second passage or air passage 18 or to the afterburning device 16 through the third passage 20.
  • the compressed air of the compressor 32 When the compressed air of the compressor 32 is input to the main engine 10, the compressed air is combusted with the fuel injected into the cylinder 22 (for example, diesel), and then exhausted from the exhaust valve 26, and the afterburning device 16 is burned.
  • the method warms the exhaust of the main engine 10 through the exhaust valve 26, thereby utilizing the higher temperature exhaust to drive the turbine 30 to rotate.
  • the compressed air of the compressor 32 is input to the afterburning device 16 through the third passage 20, since the main engine 10 has no air input, the main engine 10 does not operate, and thus the main engine 10 does not generate exhaust gas. Instead, the fuel in the afterburning device 16 is combusted with the compressed air supplied from the compressor 32 to warm the compressed air of the compressor 32 in a combustion manner, the combustion products of which drive the turbine 30 to rotate.
  • the compressed air bypasses the main engine 10 and passes directly through the third passage 20 to the afterburning device 16, so in some places herein, the third passage 20 may also be referred to as a bypass passage.
  • compressor 32, afterburner 16 and turbine 30 constitute a conventional gas turbine.
  • the main engine 10 does not operate, such as during repair or failure. That is, with the above configuration, even if the main engine 10 is not in operation, the turbine engine 12 portion can operate normally, which is advantageous in some cases. For example, if the composite engine is used for power generation, the turbine engine 12 can be utilized to achieve uninterrupted power generation even when the main engine 10 is inoperable.
  • the air flow direction control device 38 is a control valve 38 disposed adjacent the compressor outlet portion 36, and the compressed air that controls the compressor 32 is input to the main engine cylinder 22 via the air passage 18 or bypassed.
  • the passage 20 is sent to the afterburning device 16.
  • the piston engine part and the turbine engine part can be powered by two motors or coaxial outputs.
  • the piston engine section can be operated in conjunction with the turbine engine section or it can be operated solely by the turbine engine alone.
  • the composite engine of FIG. 1 can also be combined with a battery to form a hybrid engine, as described in detail below.
  • FIG. 2 is a system schematic of another embodiment of a piston turbine compound engine.
  • the engine portion is the same as the embodiment of Fig. 1.
  • the main engine 10 drives the first generator 40 for power generation
  • the turbine engine 12 drives the second generator 42 for power generation.
  • the power generated by the first generator 40 and the second generator 42 may be pre-stored in the battery 44 as reserve power, and thus at least one of the first generator 40 and the second generator 42 is connected to the battery 44 to charge the battery.
  • the first generator 40, the second generator 42 and the battery 44 are connected to the motor 46 for supplying power to the motor 46.
  • the motor 46 is, for example, a drive motor of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • the first generator 40, the second generator 42 and the battery 44 can selectively power the motor 46 either individually or in various combinations.
  • the practice of the present invention increases the power reserve of the engine relative to the power provided by only the main engine 10.
  • the main engine 10 may only be necessary for the main engine 10 to drive the power generated by the first generator 40 to drive the motor 46, so that the turbine engine 12 portion can now drive the second generator 42 to charge the battery 44. Not used to drive cars.
  • the main engine 10 drives the electric power from the first electric generator 40 to drive the electric motor 46 while the turbine engine 12 drives the electric power from the second electric generator 42.
  • the main engine 10 drives the electric power generated by the first electric generator 40
  • the turbine engine 12 drives the electric power generated by the second electric generator 42, and is pre-stored in the battery.
  • the three powers in 44 simultaneously drive the motor 46.
  • the main engine 10 and the turbine engine 12 can be output coaxially.
  • the first generator 40 and the second generator 42 are actually the same generator and are driven by the power of the main engine 10 and the turbine engine 12 coaxially output.
  • the present invention provides a piston turbine compound engine that combines a turbine engine with a piston main engine.
  • the turbine engine increases the power reserve of the entire engine block.
  • the turbine engine section can also be operated separately, solving the problem of uninterrupted operation of the engine block.
  • the battery can be added, and if necessary, the piston main engine, the turbine engine and the battery simultaneously drive the load, increasing the power reserve of the composite engine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

提供了一种活塞透平复合发动机，其包括活塞式主发动机（10），透平发动机（12），空气通道（18），透平工质通道（14），补燃装置（16），旁通通道（20）以及空气流向控制装置（38）；补燃装置（16）设置在透平工质通道（14）上，补燃装置（16）以燃烧的方式对透平工质进行加温；旁通通道（20）连接在压气机出口部与补燃装置（16）之间；空气流向控制装置（38）用以控制压气机的压缩空气输入主发动机气缸或经旁通通道（20）输向补燃装置（16）。该活塞透平复合发动机解决了发动机组不间断运行的问题。

Description

活塞透平复合发动机 技术领域
本发明涉及一种动力装置，特别是涉及一种活塞透平复合发动机。
背景技术
在现有利用尾气提供动力的装置中，主发动机的尾气推动透平旋转以带动负载。当由于某些原因主发动机没有工作时，则尾气发电部分也不进行工作，造成动力的中断。当利用这种动力装置去发电时，则会造成电力中断。
另外，发动机可能需要根据负载调节自身的功率输出。在一些极限工作状况下，例如上陡坡的情况，可能需要发动机瞬间爆发出远大于其额定功率的输出，因此这需要发动机具有较大的功率储备。
 技术问题
有鉴于此，本文提出一种活塞透平复合发动机，以解决至少一种前述问题。
技术解决方案
本文提出的一种活塞透平复合发动机，它包括活塞式主发动机、透平发动机、空气通道、透平工质通道、补燃装置、旁通通道、空气流向控制装置。活塞式主发动机包括气缸以及与气缸流体相通的进气门和排气门。所述透平发动机包括转轴以及固定在所述转轴上的透平和压气机。所述透平包括透平工质入口部，所述压气机包括压气机出口部。所述空气通道设置在所述压气机出口部与所述气缸进气门之间，用以将所述压气机的压缩空气经由所述进气门供应至所述气缸内。所述透平工质通道设置在所述透平工质入口部与所述气缸出气门之间，用以向所述透平供应工质以驱动所述透平旋转，其中所述透平的旋转会带动所述压气机旋转以压缩空气。所述补燃装置设置在所述透平工质通道上，所述补燃装置以燃烧的方式对所述透平工质进行加温，所述补燃装置包括补燃装置进气口。所述旁通流道连接在所述压气机出口部与所述补燃装置进气口之间。所述空气流向控制装置用以控制所述压气机的压缩空气输入所述主发动机气缸或经所述旁通流道输向所述补燃装置。
在一实施例中，所述主发动机包括主轴，所述透平转轴与所述主轴机械传动连接，使得所述转轴的转动与所述主轴同轴输出。
在一实施例中，所述主发动机与发电机连接用以驱动所述发电机发电，所述发电机连接至电机以对所述电机供电。
在一实施例中，所述透平发动机与发电机连接用以驱动所述发电机发电，所述发电机连接至电机以对所述电机供电。
在一实施例中，所述主发动机与第一发电机连接用以驱动所述第一发电机发电，所述第一发电机连接至电机以对所述电机供电，所述透平发动机与第二发电机连接用以驱动所述第二发电机发电，所述第二发电机连接至所述电机以对所述电机供电。
在一实施例中，所述主发动机与第一发电机连接用以驱动所述第一发电机发电，所述第一发电机连接至电机；所述透平发动机与第二发电机连接用以驱动所述第二发电机发电，所述第二发电机连接至所述电机；所述活塞透平复合发动机还包括蓄电池，所述蓄电池与所述第一发电机和第二发电机至少其中之一连接以接收所连接的发电机的电力，所述蓄电池连接至所述电机，所述第一发电机、第二发电机和蓄电池选择性地单独或以组合方式对所述电机供电。
在一实施例中，所述主发动机与所述透平发动机同轴输出，所述第一发电机和第二发电机为同一个发电机。
本文还提出一种活塞透平复合发动机，它包括活塞式主发动机、透平发动机、第一通道、补燃装置、第二通道和第三通道。所述活塞式主发动机包括进气门和排气门。所述透平发动机包括透平和压气机，其中透平的旋转会带动所述压气机旋转。所述第一通道流体连通于所述排气门与所述透平之间。所述补燃装置设置在所述第一通道上，以燃烧的方式对欲在所述透平上做工的工质加温。所述第二通道流体连通于所述压气机与所述进气门之间，所述第三通道流体连通于所述压气机与所述补燃装置之间，所述压气机的压缩空气选择性地通过所述第二通道输入至所述主发动机或通过所述第三通道输入至所述补燃装置。其中，当所述压气机的压缩空气通过所述第二通道输入至所述主发动机时，所述补燃装置以燃烧的方式对所述主发动机的废气加温；当所述压气机的压缩空气通过所述第三通道输入至所述补燃装置时，所述补燃装置以燃烧的方式对所述压缩空气加温。
 有益效果
综上所述，本文提供了一种活塞透平复合发动机，其将透平发动机和活塞主发动机复合在一起。当同时运行时，透平发动机增加了整个发动机组的功率储备。而且，当主发动机不运行时，透平发动机部分也可以单独运行，解决了发动机组不间断运行的难题。同时也可以增加蓄电池，必要时以活塞主发动机、透平发动机和蓄电池同时驱动负载，增加复合发动机的功率储备。
附图说明
图1是活塞透平复合发动机的一个实施例的系统示意图。
图2是活塞透平复合发动机的另一个实施例的系统示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
在详细描述实施例之前，应该理解的是，本发明不限于本申请中下文或附图中所描述的详细结构或元件排布。本发明可为其它方式实现的实施例。而且，应当理解，本文所使用的措辞及术语仅仅用作描述用途，不应作限定性解释。本文所使用的“包括”、“包含”、“具有”等类似措辞意为包含其后所列出之事项、其等同物及其它附加事项。特别是，当描述“一个某元件”时，本发明并不限定该元件的数量为一个，也可以包括多个。
本文提供了一种活塞透平复合发动机，主要包括活塞式主发动机、透平发动机、第一通道、补燃装置、第二通道和第三通道。活塞式主发动机包括进气门和排气门。透平发动机包括透平和压气机，其中透平的旋转会带动压气机旋转。第一通道流体连通于排气门与透平之间。补燃装置设置在第一通道上，以燃烧的方式对欲在透平上做工的工质加温。第二通道流体连通于压气机与进气门之间，第三通道流体连通于压气机与补燃装置之间。压气机的压缩空气选择性地通过第二通道输入至主发动机或通过第三通道输入至补燃装置。其中，当压气机的压缩空气通过第二通道输入至主发动机时，补燃装置以燃烧的方式对主发动机的废气加温。当压气机的压缩空气通过第三通道输入至补燃装置时，补燃装置以燃烧的方式对压缩空气加温。以下将结合附图说明本发明的具体实施方式。
图1是活塞透平复合发动机的一个实施例的系统示意图。如图1，活塞透平复合发动机包括活塞式主发动机10、透平发动机12、第一通道14、补燃装置16、第二通道18和第三通道20。
活塞式主发动机10包括气缸22以及与气缸22流体相通的进气门24和排气门26。空气自进气门24进入气缸22内，参与燃烧膨胀后，从排气门26排出。
透平发动机12包括透平转轴28以及固定在透平转轴28上的透平30和压气机32，其中透平30的旋转会通过转轴28带动压气机32一起转动以压缩空气。透平30包括透平工质入口部34，工质经由该透平工质入口部34进入透平从而驱动透平30旋转。压气机32包括压气机出口部36，空气经压气机32压缩后经由压气机出口部36排出。
第一通道14设置在气缸排气门26与透平工质入口部34之间，用以向透平30供应工质以驱动透平30旋转。因此，在本文有些地方，第一通道也可称为透平工质通道。
补燃装置16设置在第一通道或透平工质通道14上，以燃烧的方式对欲在透平上做工的工质加温。如果透平工质是来自于主发动机10的尾气，则补燃装置16对尾气进行进一步燃烧形成尾气燃烧物。尾气燃烧物然后经由透平工质通道14供应至透平30，驱动透平30旋转。一般而言，透平的工作效率与透平前工质温度有很大关系，温度越高，效率也越高。对于活塞发动机而言，其排出的尾气温度一般在450度至550度，在这个温度下，透平效率一般较低。通过补燃装置16以燃烧的方式提高尾气的温度，透平30的效率将会大幅提高。在一些实施例中，补燃后的尾气温度在600至850度。也就是说，通过在补燃装置16中投入较少的燃料，即可获得大幅提高的透平效率。
第二通道18设置在压气机出口部36与气缸进气门24之间，用以将压气机32的压缩空气经由进气门24供应至气缸22内。因此，在本文有些地方，第二通道也可称为空气通道。
第三通道20设置在压气机出口部36与补燃装置16之间，用以将压气机32的压缩空气供应至补燃装置16。也就是说，压气机32在透平30带动下所产生的压缩空气可选择性地通过第二通道或空气通道18输入至主发动机10或通过第三通道20输入至补燃装置16。
当压气机32的压缩空气输入至主发动机10时，该压缩空气与喷入气缸22内的燃料（例如，柴油）混合燃烧膨胀，然后从排气门26排出，而补燃装置16以燃烧的方式对主发动机10经排气门26排出的尾气加温，从而利用较高温度的尾气来驱动透平30旋转。
当压气机32的压缩空气通过第三通道20输入至补燃装置16时，由于主发动机10没有空气输入，主发动机10不运行，因此主发动机10不产生尾气。取而代之的是，补燃装置16内的燃料与压气机32提供的压缩空气混合燃烧，从而以燃烧的方式对压气机32的压缩空气加温，其燃烧产物驱动透平30旋转。在这种情形下，压缩空气绕过主发动机10而直接经过第三通道20通入补燃装置16，因此在本文有些地方，第三通道20也可被称为旁通通道。在压缩空气旁通的情况下，压气机32、补燃装置16和透平30构成了一个常规的燃气轮机。在这种情形下，主发动机10不运行，例如检修或者出现故障时。也就是说，通过上述构造，即使是在主发动机10不运行的情况下，透平发动机12部分还是可以正常运作，这对于有些情形是很有利的。例如，如果该复合发动机是用于发电，则即使在主发动机10无法工作时，也可以利用透平发动机12部分实现不间断的发电。
上述压缩空气的流向是通过空气流向控制装置38来控制的。在所示的实施例中，空气流向控制装置38是一个控制阀38，设置在靠近压气机出口部36的位置，控制压气机32的压缩空气经空气通道18输入主发动机气缸22或经旁通通道20输向补燃装置16。
图1所示的活塞透平复合发动机，活塞发动机部分与透平发动机部分可以采用双电机发电或者同轴输出。活塞发动机部分与透平发动机部分可以共同运行，也可以仅透平发动机单独运行。在一些实施例中，图1的复合发动机也可与蓄电池构成混合动力发动机，详细介绍如下。
图2是活塞透平复合发动机的另一个实施例的系统示意图。在图2的实施例中，发动机部分与图1的实施例相同。主发动机10驱动第一发电机40用以发电，透平发动机12驱动第二发电机42用以发电。第一发电机40和第二发电机42发出的电力可以预先储存在蓄电池44中作为储备电力，因此第一发电机40和第二发电机42至少其中之一连接至蓄电池44以对蓄电池充电。
第一发电机40、第二发电机42和蓄电池44连接至电机46用以供电给电机46。电机46例如是电动或混合动力汽车的驱动电机。根据汽车的工作状况，第一发电机40、第二发电机42和蓄电池44可以选择性地单独或以不同的组合方式对电机46进行供电。相对于仅由主发动机10提供的功率而言，本发明的做法提高了发动机的功率储备。
例如，在平坦道路上，可能只需要主发动机10驱动第一发电机40发出的电力就足够驱动电机46，因此此时透平发动机12部分可驱动第二发电机42对蓄电池44进行充电，而不用于驱动汽车行进。
又例如，遇到坡路或者汽车负载增大，可能主发动机10驱动第一发电机40发出的电力与透平发动机12驱动第二发电机42发出的电力同时驱动电机46。
又例如，当遇到较陡的破路或者汽车负载进一步增大，可能主发动机10驱动第一发电机40发出的电力、透平发动机12驱动第二发电机42发出的电力以及预先存储在蓄电池44中的电力三者同时驱动电机46。
如上所述，主发动机10与透平发动机12可以同轴输出。在同轴输出的方案中，上述第一发电机40和第二发电机42实际上是同一个发电机，被主发动机10与透平发动机12同轴输出的动力驱动。
综上所述，本文提供了一种活塞透平复合发动机，其将透平发动机和活塞主发动机复合在一起。当同时运行时，透平发动机增加了整个发动机组的功率储备。而且，当主发动机不运行时，透平发动机部分也可以单独运行，解决了发动机组不间断运行的难题。同时也可以增加蓄电池，必要时以活塞主发动机、透平发动机和蓄电池同时驱动负载，增加复合发动机的功率储备。
本文所描述的概念在不偏离其精神和特性的情况下可以实施成其它形式。所公开的具体实施例应被视为例示性而不是限制性的。因此，本发明的范围是由所附的权利要求，而不是根据之前的这些描述进行确定。在权利要求的字面意义及等同范围内的任何改变都应属于这些权利要求的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种活塞透平复合发动机，其特征在于，它包括：
    活塞式主发动机，所述活塞式主发动机包括气缸以及与气缸流体相通的进气门和排气门；
    透平发动机，所述透平发动机包括转轴以及固定在所述转轴上的透平和压气机，所述透平包括透平入口部，所述压气机包括压气机出口部；
    空气通道，所述空气通道设置在所述压气机出口部与所述气缸进气门之间，用以将所述压气机的压缩空气经由所述进气门供应至所述气缸内；
    透平工质通道，所述透平工质通道设置在所述透平入口部与所述气缸排气门之间，用以向所述透平供应工质以驱动所述透平旋转，其中所述透平的旋转会带动所述压气机旋转以压缩空气；
    补燃装置，所述补燃装置设置在所述透平工质通道上，所述补燃装置以燃烧的方式对所述透平工质进行加温；
    旁通通道，所述旁通通道连接在所述压气机出口部与所述补燃装置之间；以及
    空气流向控制装置，所述空气流向控制装置用以控制所述压气机的压缩空气输入所述主发动机气缸或经所述旁通通道输向所述补燃装置。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的活塞透平复合发动机，其特征在于，所述主发动机包括主轴，所述透平转轴与所述主轴机械传动连接，使得所述转轴的转动与所述主轴同轴输出。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的活塞透平复合发动机，其特征在于，所述空气流向控制装置包括控制阀。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的活塞透平复合发动机，其特征在于，所述主发动机与发电机连接用以驱动所述发电机发电，所述发电机连接至电机以对所述电机供电。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的活塞透平复合发动机，其特征在于，所述透平发动机与发电机连接用以驱动所述发电机发电，所述发电机连接至电机以对所述电机供电。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的活塞透平复合发动机，其特征在于，所述主发动机与第一发电机连接用以驱动所述第一发电机发电，所述第一发电机连接至电机以对所述电机供电，所述透平发动机与第二发电机连接用以驱动所述第二发电机发电，所述第二发电机连接至所述电机以对所述电机供电。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的活塞透平复合发动机，其特征在于，所述主发动机与第一发电机连接用以驱动所述第一发电机发电，所述第一发电机连接至电机；所述透平发动机与第二发电机连接用以驱动所述第二发电机发电，所述第二发电机连接至所述电机；所述活塞透平复合发动机还包括蓄电池，所述蓄电池与所述第一发电机和第二发电机至少其中之一连接以接收所连接的发电机的电力，所述蓄电池连接至所述电机，所述第一发电机、第二发电机和蓄电池选择性地单独或以组合方式对所述电机供电。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的活塞透平复合发动机，其特征在于，所述主发动机与所述透平发动机同轴输出，所述第一发电机和第二发电机为同一个发电机。
  9. 一种活塞透平复合发动机，其特征在于，它包括：
    活塞式主发动机，所述活塞式主发动机包括进气门和排气门；
    透平发动机，所述透平发动机包括透平和压气机，其中透平的旋转会带动所述压气机旋转；
    第一通道，所述第一通道流体连通于所述排气门与所述透平之间；
    补燃装置，所述补燃装置设置在所述第一通道上，以燃烧的方式对欲在所述透平上做工的工质加温；
    第二通道，所述第二通道流体连通于所述压气机与所述进气门之间；
    第三通道，所述第三通道流体连通于所述压气机与所述补燃装置之间，所述压气机的压缩空气选择性地通过所述第二通道输入至所述主发动机或通过所述第三通道输入至所述补燃装置，其中当所述压气机的压缩空气通过所述第二通道输入至所述主发动机时，所述补燃装置以燃烧的方式对所述主发动机的尾气加温；当所述压气机的压缩空气通过所述第三通道输入至所述补燃装置时，所述补燃装置以燃烧的方式对所述压缩空气加温。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的活塞透平复合发动机，其特征在于，所述主发动机与第一发电机连接用以驱动所述第一发电机发电，所述第一发电机连接至电机；所述透平发动机与第二发电机连接用以驱动所述第二发电机发电，所述第二发电机连接至所述电机；所述活塞透平复合发动机还包括蓄电池，所述蓄电池与所述第一发电机和第二发电机至少其中之一连接以接收所连接的发电机的电力，所述蓄电池连接至所述电机，所述第一发电机、第二发电机和蓄电池选择性地单独或以组合方式对所述电机供电。
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