WO2016175068A1 - 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、表示装置及び照明装置 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、表示装置及び照明装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 0 *c(cc1)cc(c2c3cccc2)c1[n]3-c1cccc2c1[o]c1c2C=IC=C1 Chemical compound *c(cc1)cc(c2c3cccc2)c1[n]3-c1cccc2c1[o]c1c2C=IC=C1 0.000 description 4
- SDFLTYHTFPTIGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[n]1c2ccccc2c2c1cccc2 Chemical compound C[n]1c2ccccc2c2c1cccc2 SDFLTYHTFPTIGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTUGEMHMGMOCIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC[n]1c(cc(-c(cc2)cc3c2[n](-c2ccccc2)nc3)c(F)c2)c2c2c1ccc(C#N)c2 Chemical compound CC[n]1c(cc(-c(cc2)cc3c2[n](-c2ccccc2)nc3)c(F)c2)c2c2c1ccc(C#N)c2 DTUGEMHMGMOCIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLSSDDYORFDWKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N#Cc(cc1)cc(c2c3ccc(C#N)c2)c1[n]3-c(cc1c2cc(-[n]3c4ccccc4c4c3cccc4)c3)cc(-[n]4c5ccccc5c5c4cccc5)c1[o]c2c3-[n]1c(cccc2)c2c2c1cccc2 Chemical compound N#Cc(cc1)cc(c2c3ccc(C#N)c2)c1[n]3-c(cc1c2cc(-[n]3c4ccccc4c4c3cccc4)c3)cc(-[n]4c5ccccc5c5c4cccc5)c1[o]c2c3-[n]1c(cccc2)c2c2c1cccc2 SLSSDDYORFDWKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PEFFCRWHPBACAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N#Cc(cc1)cc(c2c3cccc2)c1[n]3-c(cc1c2cc(-[n]3c(ccc(C#N)c4)c4c4ccccc34)c3)ccc1[o]c2c3-[n]1c(ccc(C#N)c2)c2c2c1cccc2 Chemical compound N#Cc(cc1)cc(c2c3cccc2)c1[n]3-c(cc1c2cc(-[n]3c(ccc(C#N)c4)c4c4ccccc34)c3)ccc1[o]c2c3-[n]1c(ccc(C#N)c2)c2c2c1cccc2 PEFFCRWHPBACAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLQRBBUFBMLZGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N N#Cc(cc1)cc(c2c3cccc2)c1[n]3-c1cc(-[n](c(cccc2)c2c2c3)c2ccc3C#N)c2[o]c(c(-[n]3c(cccc4)c4c4c3cccc4)cc(-[n]3c4ccccc4c4c3cccc4)c3)c3c2c1 Chemical compound N#Cc(cc1)cc(c2c3cccc2)c1[n]3-c1cc(-[n](c(cccc2)c2c2c3)c2ccc3C#N)c2[o]c(c(-[n]3c(cccc4)c4c4c3cccc4)cc(-[n]3c4ccccc4c4c3cccc4)c3)c3c2c1 QLQRBBUFBMLZGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXORFNAQUDVVHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N#Cc(cc1)cc(c2c3cccc2)c1[n]3-c1cc(-[n]2c(ccc(C#N)c3)c3c3c2cccc3)c2[o]c(c(-[n](c(cccc3)c3c3c4)c3ccc4C#N)cc(-[n]3c(ccc(C#N)c4)c4c4ccccc34)c3)c3c2c1 Chemical compound N#Cc(cc1)cc(c2c3cccc2)c1[n]3-c1cc(-[n]2c(ccc(C#N)c3)c3c3c2cccc3)c2[o]c(c(-[n](c(cccc3)c3c3c4)c3ccc4C#N)cc(-[n]3c(ccc(C#N)c4)c4c4ccccc34)c3)c3c2c1 CXORFNAQUDVVHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHSAUSCQAQYNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N N#Cc(cc1)cc(c2ccccc22)c1[n]2-c(cc1c2cc(-[n](c(ccc(-c3ccccc3)c3)c3c3c4)c3ccc4C#N)c3)cc(-[n]4c(ccc(C#N)c5)c5c5c4ccc(-c4ccccc4)c5)c1[o]c2c3-[n]1c(ccc(C#N)c2)c2c2c1cccc2 Chemical compound N#Cc(cc1)cc(c2ccccc22)c1[n]2-c(cc1c2cc(-[n](c(ccc(-c3ccccc3)c3)c3c3c4)c3ccc4C#N)c3)cc(-[n]4c(ccc(C#N)c5)c5c5c4ccc(-c4ccccc4)c5)c1[o]c2c3-[n]1c(ccc(C#N)c2)c2c2c1cccc2 BHSAUSCQAQYNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYYRRSKCYMDAQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N N#Cc(cc1-c2ccc3[s]ccc3c2)cc(c(c2c3)c(-c4ccccc4)c(-c4ccccc4)c3-c3ccccc3)c1[n]2-c1ccccc1 Chemical compound N#Cc(cc1-c2ccc3[s]ccc3c2)cc(c(c2c3)c(-c4ccccc4)c(-c4ccccc4)c3-c3ccccc3)c1[n]2-c1ccccc1 LYYRRSKCYMDAQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFNWRUSDVDIFOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N#Cc(cc1c(c2ccc3)c3-c(cc34)ccc3nc[n]4-c3ccccc3)ccc1[n]2-c1ccncc1 Chemical compound N#Cc(cc1c(c2ccc3)c3-c(cc34)ccc3nc[n]4-c3ccccc3)ccc1[n]2-c1ccncc1 LFNWRUSDVDIFOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORVFTAVYSPFQIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N N#Cc(cc1c2c3ccc(-c(cc4)cc5c4[s]nc5)c2)ccc1[n]3-c1ccc2[o]c(cccc3)c3c2c1 Chemical compound N#Cc(cc1c2c3ccc(-c(cc4)cc5c4[s]nc5)c2)ccc1[n]3-c1ccc2[o]c(cccc3)c3c2c1 ORVFTAVYSPFQIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBGZUMSSFOEFCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N#Cc(cc1c2c3ccc(-c(cc4c5c6cccc5)ccc4[n]6-c4ccccc4)c2)ccc1[n]3-c1ccccc1 Chemical compound N#Cc(cc1c2c3ccc(-c(cc4c5c6cccc5)ccc4[n]6-c4ccccc4)c2)ccc1[n]3-c1ccccc1 GBGZUMSSFOEFCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YREAMQOJANVYOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N#Cc(cc1c2c3ccc(-c4ccc5[o]ncc5c4)c2)ccc1[n]3-c1ccc2[o]c(cccc3)c3c2c1 Chemical compound N#Cc(cc1c2c3ccc(-c4ccc5[o]ncc5c4)c2)ccc1[n]3-c1ccc2[o]c(cccc3)c3c2c1 YREAMQOJANVYOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARMVLKGIKIRLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N N#Cc(cc1c2c3ccc(-c4ccc5[s]c6ccccc6c5c4)c2)cc(-c2ccccc2)c1[n]3-c1ccccc1 Chemical compound N#Cc(cc1c2c3ccc(-c4ccc5[s]c6ccccc6c5c4)c2)cc(-c2ccccc2)c1[n]3-c1ccccc1 ARMVLKGIKIRLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSYUSJIGIXVEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N#Cc(cc1c2c3ccc(-c4ccccc4)c2)ccc1[n]3-c1ccc2[o]c(c(-[n]3c(cccc4)c4c4c3cccc4)ccc3)c3c2c1 Chemical compound N#Cc(cc1c2c3ccc(-c4ccccc4)c2)ccc1[n]3-c1ccc2[o]c(c(-[n]3c(cccc4)c4c4c3cccc4)ccc3)c3c2c1 OSYUSJIGIXVEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a material for an organic electroluminescence element, an organic electroluminescence element, a display device, and a lighting device, and in particular, can suppress an initial voltage drop and a voltage increase during driving, and can further improve luminous efficiency.
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence element material, an organic electroluminescence element, a display device, and a lighting device.
- An organic electroluminescence element (hereinafter also referred to as an organic EL element) has a configuration in which a light emitting layer containing a light emitting compound is sandwiched between a cathode and an anode, and is injected from the anode by applying an electric field.
- a light emitting device that utilizes excitons (excitons) by recombining electrons injected from holes and cathodes in the light emitting layer, and light emission (fluorescence / phosphorescence) when the excitons are deactivated It is.
- An organic EL element is an all-solid-state element composed of a film of an organic material having a thickness of only a submicron between electrodes, and can emit light at a voltage of several volts to several tens of volts. Therefore, it is expected to be used for next-generation flat display and lighting.
- organic EL elements As for the development of organic EL elements for practical application, Princeton University has reported on organic EL elements that use phosphorescence from excited triplets, and since then, research on materials that exhibit phosphorescence at room temperature has become active. It is coming. In addition, organic EL elements that utilize phosphorescence emission can in principle achieve a light emission efficiency that is approximately four times that of organic EL elements that utilize fluorescence emission. Research and development of light-emitting element layer configurations and electrodes are performed all over the world. For example, many compounds have been studied focusing on heavy metal complexes such as iridium complexes.
- the phosphorescence emission method is a method having a very high potential, but this phosphorescence emission material is usually used as a mixed film with an organic compound called a host. There are two main reasons for this. First, since the light emission efficiency is reduced due to aggregation of the light emitting materials, the host functions as a dispersant for the light emitting material. The second is to carry charges (holes / electrons) to the light emitting material.
- the charge transport / injection mechanism will be described with reference to FIG. Since the organic EL element material is an insulating organic molecule, electrons and holes cannot be directly injected into the dopant from the anode and the cathode (charge injection according to the so-called Ohm rule cannot be performed). In order to inject and transport charges to the organic substance as an insulator, it is necessary to make it an ultra-thin film (100 nm or less) and to reduce the energy barrier. That is, since the energy barrier between the anode and the light emitting layer is large, direct hole injection cannot be performed. Therefore, a thin-film hole injecting and transporting layer having intermediate energy is required between the anode and the light emitting layer.
- Electrons are injected from the cathode into the LUMO level of the organic molecule to form an anion radical. Since the anion radical is unstable, it transfers electrons to adjacent molecules. If this process is repeated continuously, it appears as if only electrons are moving from the right side to the center of the schematic diagram. On the other hand, electrons are transferred to the anode from the HOMO level of the contacted organic molecule, that is, holes are injected to generate a cation radical, which moves from the left side of the figure toward the center. That is, for charge transport / injection, it is important to have a ⁇ -conjugated site capable of controlling HOMO / LUMO levels of organic compounds and hopping.
- the first is a method of introducing an aromatic heterocycle (for example, pyridine, pyrimidine, triazine, quinoline, etc.) using an electron-withdrawing N atom.
- the second is a method for introducing an electron-withdrawing group.
- the latter is easier to design the molecule, and can be easily achieved by introducing it into a conventionally known organic EL device material. Therefore, the cyano group which is an electron-withdrawing group can be achieved. And a trifluoromethyl group are often used (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems and situations, and the problem to be solved is to reduce the initial voltage due to easy level control and mobility improvement, and to increase the voltage while driving the organic electroluminescence element. It is to provide an organic electroluminescent element material, an organic electroluminescent element, a display device, and a lighting device that can suppress and further improve luminous efficiency.
- the inventor introduced a cyano group or a trifluoromethyl group and a condensed ring into a carbazole derivative as a material for an organic electroluminescence element in the process of examining the cause of the above-described problem.
- the present inventors have found that it is possible to improve the reduction of the initial voltage and the light emission efficiency, and to suppress the voltage rise during driving.
- dibenzofuran is used as a condensed ring, the intermolecular ⁇ - ⁇ interaction is large, and as a result, molecular motion during device driving is suppressed, and the voltage rise during driving is reduced.
- An organic electroluminescent element material comprising a compound having a structure represented by the following general formula (1).
- R 1 represents a cyano group, C m F 2m + 1 , or SF 5 .
- m represents an integer of 1 to 18.
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, or a fluorinated alkyl group.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 7.
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, or a fluorinated alkyl group
- at least one of the R 2 and R 3 is represented by the following general formula (2 ).
- A1 is a 5-membered heterocycle, and the 5-membered heterocycle may further have a substituent, and the substituent may form a ring.
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, or a fluorinated alkyl group
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, or a fluorinated alkyl group, the R 2.
- the compound having the structure represented by the general formula (1) is a compound having a structure represented by the following general formula (3), any one of items 1 to 3 The material for organic electroluminescence elements described in 1.
- R 1 represents a cyano group or CF 3 .
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 7.
- A1 is a 5-membered heterocyclic ring, and the 5-membered heterocyclic ring may further have a substituent, and further, the substituent may form a ring.
- the compound having the structure represented by the general formula (1) is a compound having a structure represented by the following general formula (4), any one of items 1 to 3
- R 1 represents a cyano group or CF 3 .
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 7.
- A1 is a 5-membered heterocyclic ring, and the 5-membered heterocyclic ring may further have a substituent, and further, the substituent may form a ring.
- the compound having the structure represented by the general formula (1) is a compound having a structure represented by the following general formula (5), any one of items 1 to 3 The material for organic electroluminescence elements described in 1.
- R 1 represents a cyano group or CF 3 .
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, or a fluorinated alkyl group.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 6.
- A1 is a 5-membered heterocyclic ring, and the 5-membered heterocyclic ring may further have a substituent, and further, the substituent may form a ring.
- the compound having the structure represented by the general formula (1) is a compound having a structure represented by the following general formula (6), any one of items 1 to 3
- R 1 represents a cyano group or CF 3 .
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, or a fluorinated alkyl group.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 6.
- A1 is a 5-membered heterocyclic ring, and the 5-membered heterocyclic ring may further have a substituent, and further, the substituent may form a ring.
- A1 in the general formula (2) is a furan ring, a thiophene ring, a pyrrole ring, an indole ring, a benzofuran ring, a benzothiophene ring, a pyrazole ring, an imidazole ring, a triazole ring, an oxazole ring, or a thiazole ring.
- the organic electroluminescent element material as described in any one of 1st term to 7th term.
- the LUMO level of the compound corresponding to the condensed ring of the substituent having the structure represented by the general formula (2) is lower than the LUMO level of carbazole,
- R 1 represents a cyano group, C m F 2m + 1 , or SF 5 .
- m represents an integer of 1 to 18.
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, or a fluorinated alkyl group.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 6. However, when R 2 and R 3 each independently represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, or a fluorinated alkyl group, at least one of the R 2 and R 3 is represented by the general formula (2 ). ]
- the compound having the structure represented by the general formula (1) is a compound having a structure represented by the following general formula (8), any one of items 1 to 3 The material for organic electroluminescence elements described in 1.
- R 1 represents a cyano group, C m F 2m + 1 , or SF 5 .
- m represents an integer of 1 to 18.
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 7.
- n1 represents an integer of 0 to 8.
- the compound having the structure represented by the general formula (1) is a compound having a structure represented by the following general formula (9), any one of items 1 to 3 The material for organic electroluminescence elements described in 1.
- R 1 represents a cyano group, C m F 2m + 1 , or SF 5 .
- m represents an integer of 1 to 18.
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 7.
- n1 represents an integer of 0 to 8.
- the compound having the structure represented by the general formula (1) is a compound having a structure represented by the following general formula (10), any one of items 1 to 3 The material for organic electroluminescence elements described in 1.
- R 1 represents a cyano group, C m F 2m + 1 , or SF 5 .
- m represents an integer of 1 to 18.
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 7.
- n1 represents an integer of 0 to 8.
- the compound having the structure represented by the general formula (1) is a compound having a structure represented by the following general formula (11), any one of items 1 to 3 The material for organic electroluminescence elements described in 1.
- R 1 represents a cyano group, C m F 2m + 1 , or SF 5 .
- m represents an integer of 1 to 18.
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 7.
- n1 represents an integer of 0 to 8.
- the compound having the structure represented by the general formula (1) is a compound having a structure represented by the following general formula (12), any one of items 1 to 3 The material for organic electroluminescence elements described in 1.
- R 1 represents a cyano group, C m F 2m + 1 , or SF 5 .
- m represents an integer of 1 to 18.
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 7.
- n1 represents an integer of 0 to 8.
- the compound having the structure represented by the general formula (1) is a compound having a structure represented by the following general formula (13), any one of items 1 to 3 The material for organic electroluminescence elements described in 1.
- R 1 represents a cyano group, C m F 2m + 1 , or SF 5 .
- m represents an integer of 1 to 18.
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 7.
- n1 represents an integer of 0 to 8.
- R 1 represents a cyano group, C m F 2m + 1 , or SF 5 .
- m represents an integer of 1 to 18.
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, or a fluorinated alkyl group.
- R 4 represents a dibenzofuran ring.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 6. However, when R 2 and R 3 each independently represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, or a fluorinated alkyl group, at least one of the R 2 and R 3 is represented by the general formula (2 ). ]
- the compound having the structure represented by the general formula (1) is a compound having a structure represented by the following general formula (15), The organic electroluminescence according to the first or third item Element material.
- R 1 represents a cyano group, C m F 2m + 1 , or SF 5 .
- m represents an integer of 1 to 18.
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 7.
- n1 represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- the compound having the structure represented by the general formula (1) is a compound having a structure represented by the following general formula (16), or the organic electroluminescence according to the first or third item Element material.
- R 1 represents a cyano group, C m F 2m + 1 , or SF 5 .
- m represents an integer of 1 to 18.
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 7.
- n1 represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- An organic electroluminescence device comprising the organic electroluminescence device material according to any one of items 1 to 20.
- Item 22 The organic electroluminescence device according to item 21, which emits blue light.
- Item 22 The organic electroluminescence device according to item 21, which emits white light.
- a display device comprising the organic electroluminescence element according to any one of items 21 to 23.
- An illuminating device comprising the organic electroluminescence element according to any one of items 21 to 23.
- the organic electroluminescence which can suppress the initial voltage drop due to the easy level control and the mobility improvement and the voltage rise while driving the organic electroluminescence element, and further improve the light emission efficiency.
- a material for a luminescence element, an organic electroluminescence element, a display device, and a lighting device can be provided.
- a carbazole derivative having a structure represented by the general formula (1) contained in at least one organic layer sandwiched between an anode and a cathode of an organic EL element a cyano group or a trifluoromethyl group as a level adjusting group
- a condensed ring having a strong ⁇ - ⁇ interaction both easy level control and improved mobility can be achieved.
- the initial voltage can be reduced and the light emission efficiency can be improved.
- the glass transition point can be improved, molecular fluctuations within the organic layer can be suppressed, and voltage rise during driving can be suppressed.
- FIG. 1 Schematic diagram showing an example of a display device composed of organic EL elements
- Schematic diagram of display part A Pixel circuit diagram Schematic diagram of passive matrix type full color display device
- Schematic of lighting device Schematic diagram of lighting device
- the material for an organic electroluminescence element of the present invention contains a compound having a structure represented by the general formula (1).
- This feature is a technical feature common to or corresponding to the claimed invention.
- the compound having the structure represented by the general formula (1) is represented by any one of the general formulas (3) to (16) from the viewpoint of manifesting the effects of the present invention.
- a compound having a structure is preferable.
- A1 in the general formula (2) is a furan ring, a thiophene ring, a pyrrole ring, an indole ring, a benzofuran ring, a benzothiophene ring, a pyrazole ring, an imidazole ring, a triazole ring, an oxazole ring, or a thiazole ring.
- the maximum emission wavelength of the 0-0 transition band in the phosphorescence spectrum of the compound having the structure represented by the general formula (1) is preferably 450 nm or less from the viewpoint of suitability for a blue phosphorescent host.
- the LUMO level of the compound corresponding to the condensed ring of the substituent having the structure represented by the general formula (2) is preferably lower than the LUMO level of carbazole from the viewpoint of charge transport, particularly electron transport. .
- the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention contains the organic electroluminescent element.
- the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention emits blue light or white light in that various indoor lighting can be realized in response to various situations.
- the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention is suitable for a display device or a lighting device.
- ⁇ is used to mean that the numerical values described before and after it are included as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.
- the organic EL device material of the present invention contains a compound having a structure represented by the following general formula (1).
- R 1 represents a cyano group, C m F 2m + 1 , or SF 5 .
- m represents an integer of 1 to 18.
- R 2 represents an alkyl group (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, an isopropyl group, or the like) substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring, an aryl group (for example, A phenyl group, a heteroaryl group (eg, pyridyl group, carbazolyl group, etc.), a halogen atom (eg, fluorine atom), a cyano group, or a fluorinated alkyl group.
- R 2 preferably represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group.
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (for example, methyl group, ethyl group, trifluoromethyl group, isopropyl group, etc.), an aryl group (for example, phenyl group), a heteroaryl group (for example, pyridyl group, carbazolyl group). Etc.) or a fluorinated alkyl group.
- R 3 preferably represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 7.
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, or a fluorinated alkyl group
- at least one of the R 2 and R 3 is represented by the following general formula (2 ).
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, or a fluorinated alkyl group
- at least one of the R 2 and R 3 is represented by the following general formula (2 It is preferable to have a substituent represented by.
- A1 is a 5-membered heterocyclic ring, and the 5-membered heterocyclic ring may further have a substituent, and further, the substituent may form a ring.
- the 5-membered heterocyclic ring include a furan ring, a thiophene ring, a pyrrole ring, an indole ring, a benzofuran ring, a benzothiophene ring, a pyrazole ring, an imidazole ring, a triazole ring, an oxazole ring, and a thiazole ring.
- a benzofuran ring, a benzothiophene ring, and an imidazole ring are preferable.
- substituents include an alkyl group (eg, methyl group, ethyl group, trifluoromethyl group, isopropyl group), aryl group (eg, phenyl group), heteroaryl group (eg, pyridyl group, carbazolyl group, etc.) ), A halogen atom (for example, fluorine atom), a cyano group, or a fluorinated alkyl group, and an alkyl group, an aryl group, and a heteroaryl group are particularly preferable.
- alkyl group eg, methyl group, ethyl group, trifluoromethyl group, isopropyl group
- aryl group eg, phenyl group
- heteroaryl group eg, pyridyl group, carbazolyl group, etc.
- the emission maximum wavelength of the 0-0 transition band in the phosphorescence spectrum of the compound having the structure represented by the general formula (1) is preferably 450 nm or less, more preferably 440 nm or less, and further preferably 430 nm or less.
- a method for measuring the 0-0 transition band of the phosphorescence spectrum in the present invention will be described.
- a method for measuring a phosphorescence spectrum will be described.
- An emission spectrum at 100 ms after light irradiation is measured. Since phosphorescence has a longer emission lifetime than fluorescence, it can be considered that light remaining after 100 ms is almost phosphorescence.
- any solvent that can dissolve the compound may be used (substantially, the above-described measurement method has no problem because the solvent effect of phosphorescence wavelength is very small).
- the 0-0 transition band is obtained.
- the 0-0 transition band having the maximum emission wavelength that appears on the shortest wavelength side in the phosphorescence spectrum chart obtained by the above measurement method is Define.
- the emission spectrum immediately after the excitation light irradiation (for convenience, this is referred to as a steady light spectrum) is expanded and superimposed on the emission spectrum 100 ms after the excitation light irradiation (for convenience, this is referred to as a phosphorescence spectrum). It can be determined by reading the peak wavelength from the portion of the steady light spectrum derived from the phosphorescence spectrum. In addition, by smoothing the phosphorescence spectrum, noise and peaks can be separated and the peak wavelength can be read. As the smoothing process, a smoothing method of Savitzky & Golay can be applied.
- the LUMO level of the compound corresponding to the condensed ring of the substituent having the structure represented by the general formula (2) is lower than the LUMO level of carbazole.
- the LUMO level of the compound corresponding to the condensed ring of the substituent having the structure represented by the general formula (2) is preferably in the range of ⁇ 1.0 to ⁇ 2.5 eV. .
- the LUMO level of carbazole is -0.6 eV.
- the value of LUMO is Gaussian 98 (Gaussian 98, Revision A.11.4, MJ Frisch, et al., Gaussian, Inc., Pittsburgh PA, 2002.), which is software for molecular orbital calculation manufactured by Gaussian, USA. ) And is defined as a value (eV unit converted value) calculated by performing structure optimization using B3LYP / LanL2DZ as a keyword. This calculation value is effective because the correlation between the calculation value obtained by this method and the experimental value is high.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) is preferably a compound represented by any one of the following general formulas (3) to (16).
- R 1 represents a cyano group or CF 3 .
- R 2 represents an alkyl group (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, an isopropyl group, or the like) substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring, an aryl group (for example, , Phenyl group, etc.), heteroaryl group (eg, pyridyl group, carbazolyl group, etc.), halogen atom (eg, fluorine atom, etc.), cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group.
- an alkyl group for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, an isopropyl group, or the like
- R 2 preferably represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 7.
- A1 is a 5-membered heterocyclic ring, and the 5-membered heterocyclic ring may further have a substituent, and further, the substituent may form a ring. Examples of the 5-membered heterocyclic ring and substituent include the 5-membered heterocyclic ring and substituent described in the general formula (1).
- R 1 represents a cyano group or CF 3 .
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- R 2 preferably represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 7.
- A1 is a 5-membered heterocyclic ring, and the 5-membered heterocyclic ring may further have a substituent, and further, the substituent may form a ring. Examples of the 5-membered heterocyclic ring and substituent include the 5-membered heterocyclic ring and substituent described in the general formula (1).
- R 1 represents a cyano group or CF 3 .
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- R 2 preferably represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group.
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, or a fluorinated alkyl group.
- R 3 preferably represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 6.
- A1 is a 5-membered heterocyclic ring, and the 5-membered heterocyclic ring may further have a substituent, and further, the substituent may form a ring.
- Examples of the 5-membered heterocyclic ring and substituent include the 5-membered heterocyclic ring and substituent described in the general formula (1).
- R 1 represents a cyano group or CF 3 .
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- R 2 preferably represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group.
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, or a fluorinated alkyl group.
- R 3 preferably represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 6.
- A1 is a 5-membered heterocyclic ring, and the 5-membered heterocyclic ring may further have a substituent, and further, the substituent may form a ring.
- Examples of the 5-membered heterocyclic ring and substituent include the 5-membered heterocyclic ring and substituent described in the general formula (1).
- R 1 represents a cyano group, C m F 2m + 1 , or SF 5 .
- m represents an integer of 1 to 18.
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, or a fluorinated alkyl group.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 6. However, when R 2 and R 3 each independently represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, or a fluorinated alkyl group, at least one of the R 2 and R 3 is represented by the general formula (2 ).
- R 1 represents a cyano group, C m F 2m + 1 , or SF 5 .
- m represents an integer of 1 to 18.
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 7.
- n1 represents an integer of 0 to 8.
- R 1 represents a cyano group, C m F 2m + 1 , or SF 5 .
- m represents an integer of 1 to 18.
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 7.
- n1 represents an integer of 0 to 8.
- R 1 represents a cyano group, C m F 2m + 1 , or SF 5 .
- m represents an integer of 1 to 18.
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 7.
- n1 represents an integer of 0 to 8.
- R 1 represents a cyano group, C m F 2m + 1 , or SF 5 .
- m represents an integer of 1 to 18.
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 7.
- n1 represents an integer of 0 to 8.
- R 1 represents a cyano group, C m F 2m + 1 , or SF 5 .
- m represents an integer of 1 to 18.
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 7.
- n1 represents an integer of 0 to 8.
- R 1 represents a cyano group, C m F 2m + 1 , or SF 5 .
- m represents an integer of 1 to 18.
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 7.
- n1 represents an integer of 0 to 8.
- R 1 represents a cyano group, C m F 2m + 1 , or SF 5 .
- m represents an integer of 1 to 18.
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, or a fluorinated alkyl group.
- R 4 represents a dibenzofuran ring.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 6. However, when R 2 and R 3 each independently represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, or a fluorinated alkyl group, at least one of the R 2 and R 3 is represented by the general formula (2 ).
- R 1 represents a cyano group, C m F 2m + 1 , or SF 5 .
- m represents an integer of 1 to 18.
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 7.
- n1 represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- R 1 represents a cyano group, C m F 2m + 1 , or SF 5 .
- m represents an integer of 1 to 18.
- R 2 represents an alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, cyano group, or fluorinated alkyl group substituted for any of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 7.
- n1 represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- the organic EL device of the present invention contains the material for an organic EL device.
- the constituent layers of the organic EL element of the present invention will be described.
- preferred specific examples of the layer structure of various organic layers sandwiched between the anode and the cathode are shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the light emitting layer unit may have a non-light emitting intermediate layer between a plurality of light emitting layers, and may have a multi-photon unit configuration in which the intermediate layer is a charge generation layer.
- the charge generating layer ITO (indium tin oxide), IZO (indium zinc oxide), ZnO 2, TiN, ZrN , HfN, TiOx, VOx, CuI, InN, GaN, CuAlO 2, CuGaO 2 , conductive inorganic compound layers such as SrCu 2 O 2 , LaB 6 , and RuO 2 , two-layer films such as Au / Bi 2 O 3 , SnO 2 / Ag / SnO 2 , ZnO / Ag / ZnO, Bi 2 Multilayer films such as O 3 / Au / Bi 2 O 3 , TiO 2 / TiN / TiO 2 , TiO 2 / ZrN / TiO 2 , fullerenes such as C
- the light-emitting layer in the organic EL device of the present invention is preferably a blue light-emitting layer or a white light-emitting layer, and an illumination device using these is preferable.
- Each layer which comprises the organic EL element of this invention is demonstrated below.
- the light emitting layer according to the present invention is a layer that emits light by recombination of electrons and holes injected from the electrode or the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer, and the light emitting portion is in the layer of the light emitting layer. May be the interface between the light emitting layer and the adjacent layer.
- the total thickness of the light emitting layer is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of improving the stability of the emission color against the drive current and the uniformity of the film, preventing unnecessary application of high voltage during light emission. It is preferably adjusted in the range of 2 nm to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably adjusted in the range of 2 to 200 nm, particularly preferably in the range of 5 to 100 nm.
- the light emitting layer of the organic EL device of the present invention preferably contains a light emitting dopant (phosphorescent dopant, fluorescent light emitting dopant, etc.) compound and a host compound.
- Luminescent dopant A light-emitting dopant (a light-emitting dopant, a dopant compound, or simply referred to as a dopant) will be described.
- a fluorescent luminescent dopant also referred to as a fluorescent dopant, a fluorescent compound, or a fluorescent luminescent compound
- a phosphorescent dopant phosphorescent dopant, phosphorescent compound, phosphorescent compound, etc.
- the concentration of the luminescent dopant in the luminescent layer can be arbitrarily determined based on the specific dopant used and the requirements of the device.
- the concentration of the luminescent dopant may be contained at a uniform concentration relative to the thickness direction of the light emitting layer, or may have an arbitrary concentration distribution.
- the light emitting layer may contain a plurality of kinds of light emitting dopants.
- a combination of dopants having different structures, or a combination of a fluorescent luminescent dopant and a phosphorescent luminescent dopant may be used. Thereby, arbitrary luminescent colors can be obtained.
- the color emitted by the organic EL element is shown in Fig. 4.16 on page 108 of the "New Color Science Handbook” (edited by the Japan Society for Color Science, University of Tokyo Press, 1985).
- the spectral radiance meter CS-2000 Konica Minolta Co., Ltd. It is determined by the color when the result measured in ()) is applied to the CIE chromaticity coordinates.
- the light emitting layer of one layer or a plurality of layers contains a plurality of light emitting dopants having different light emission colors and emits white light.
- the combination of the light-emitting dopants that exhibit white and examples include blue and orange, and a combination of blue, green, and red.
- the phosphorescent dopant is a compound in which light emission from an excited triplet is observed.
- the phosphorescent dopant is a compound that emits phosphorescence at room temperature (25 ° C.), and has a phosphorescence quantum yield of 0 at 25 ° C. .01 or more compounds.
- a preferable phosphorescence quantum yield is 0.1 or more.
- the phosphorescent quantum yield can be measured by the method described in Spectroscopic II, page 398 (1992 edition, Maruzen) of Experimental Chemistry Course 4 of the 4th edition.
- the phosphorescence quantum yield in a solution can be measured using various solvents.
- the phosphorescence emitting dopant used for the light emitting layer should just achieve the said phosphorescence quantum yield (0.01 or more) in any solvent.
- an excited state of the host compound is generated by recombination of carriers on the host compound to which carriers are transported.
- a phosphorescent dopant By transferring this energy to a phosphorescent dopant, it is an energy transfer type in which light emission from the phosphorescent dopant is obtained.
- the other is a carrier trap type in which a phosphorescent dopant becomes a carrier trap, carrier recombination occurs on the phosphorescent dopant, and light emission from the phosphorescent dopant is obtained.
- it is a condition that the excited state energy of the phosphorescent dopant is lower than the excited state energy of the host compound.
- the phosphorescent dopant can be appropriately selected from known materials used for the light emitting layer of the organic EL element. Specific examples of known phosphorescent dopants include compounds described in the following documents.
- a preferable phosphorescent dopant is an organometallic complex having Ir as a central metal. More preferably, a complex containing at least one coordination mode of metal-carbon bond, metal-nitrogen bond, metal-oxygen bond, and metal-sulfur bond is preferable.
- the fluorescent light-emitting dopant is a compound that can emit light from an excited singlet, and is not particularly limited as long as light emission from the excited singlet is observed.
- Examples of the fluorescent light-emitting dopant include anthracene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, chrysene derivatives, fluoranthene derivatives, perylene derivatives, fluorene derivatives, arylacetylene derivatives, styrylarylene derivatives, styrylamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, boron complexes, coumarin derivatives, Examples include pyran derivatives, cyanine derivatives, croconium derivatives, squalium derivatives, oxobenzanthracene derivatives, fluorescein derivatives, rhodamine derivatives, pyrylium derivatives, perylene derivatives, polythiophene derivatives, rare earth complex compounds, and the like.
- a light emitting dopant using delayed fluorescence may be used as the fluorescent light emitting dopant.
- the luminescent dopant using delayed fluorescence include compounds described in, for example, International Publication No. 2011/156793, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-213643, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-93181, and the like.
- the host compound is a compound mainly responsible for charge injection and transport in the light emitting layer, and in the organic EL element, light emission of itself is not substantially observed.
- it is a compound having a phosphorescence quantum yield of phosphorescence of less than 0.1 at room temperature (25 ° C.), and more preferably a compound having a phosphorescence quantum yield of less than 0.01.
- the mass ratio in the layer is 20% or more among the compounds contained in a light emitting layer.
- the excited state energy of a host compound is higher than the excited state energy of the light emission dopant contained in the same layer.
- a host compound may be used independently or may be used in combination of multiple types. By using a plurality of types of host compounds, it is possible to adjust the movement of electric charges, and it is possible to increase the efficiency of the organic EL element.
- the organic electroluminescent element material of this invention containing the compound which has a structure represented by General formula (1) mentioned above can be used. Moreover, you may use together the compound used with the conventional organic EL element as a host compound with the organic EL element material of this invention.
- a compound having a basic skeleton such as a carbazole derivative, a triarylamine derivative, an aromatic derivative, a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, a thiophene derivative, a furan derivative, an oligoarylene compound, or the like
- Carboline derivatives and diazacarbazole derivatives are those in which at least one carbon atom of the hydrocarbon ring constituting the carboline ring of the carboline derivative is substituted with a nitrogen atom
- Tg glass transition temperature
- the host used in the present invention may be a low molecular compound, a high molecular compound having a repeating unit, or a low molecular compound (polymerizable host) having a polymerizable group such as a vinyl group or an epoxy group. You may use 1 type or multiple types of such a compound.
- 2002-299060 No. 2002. -302516, 2002-305083, 2002-305084, 2002-308837, and the like. It may be a low molecular compound, a high molecular compound having a repeating unit, or a compound having a reactive group such as a vinyl group or an epoxy group.
- the electron transport layer is made of a material having a function of transporting electrons, and in a broad sense, an electron injection layer and a hole blocking layer are also included in the electron transport layer.
- the electron transport layer can be provided with a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the electron transport layer only needs to have a function of transmitting electrons injected from the cathode to the light-emitting layer.
- any one of conventionally known compounds is selected and used in combination. It is also possible.
- electron transport materials examples include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as nitro-substituted fluorene derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyran dioxide derivatives, naphthalene perylene, Heterocyclic tetracarboxylic anhydride, carbodiimide, fluorenylidenemethane derivative, anthraquinodimethane and anthrone derivative, oxadiazole derivative, carboline derivative, or carbon atom of the hydrocarbon ring constituting the carboline ring of the carboline derivative Derivatives having a ring structure in which at least one is substituted with a nitrogen atom, hexaazatriphenylene derivatives, and the like can be mentioned.
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as nitro-substituted fluorene derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyran dioxide derivatives, naphthalene perylene, Heterocyclic tetrac
- a thiadiazole derivative in which the oxygen atom of the oxadiazole ring is substituted with a sulfur atom, or a quinoxaline derivative having a quinoxaline ring known as an electron-withdrawing group can also be used as an electron transport material. It is also possible to use a polymer material in which these materials are introduced into a polymer chain or these materials are used as a polymer main chain.
- metal complexes of 8-quinolinol derivatives such as tris (8-quinolinol) aluminum (Alq 3 ), tris (5,7-dichloro-8-quinolinol) aluminum, tris (5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinol) Aluminum, tris (2-methyl-8-quinolinol) aluminum, tris (5-methyl-8-quinolinol) aluminum, bis (8-quinolinol) zinc (Znq), etc.
- Mg Metal complexes replaced with Cu, Ca, Sn, Ga, or Pb can also be used as the electron transport material.
- metal-free or metal phthalocyanine or those having a terminal substituted with an alkyl group or a sulfonic acid group can be used as the electron transport material.
- An inorganic semiconductor such as n-type-Si and n-type-SiC can also be used as an electron transport material.
- the electron transport layer is made of, for example, a vacuum deposition method, a wet method (also referred to as a wet process, such as a spin coating method, a casting method, a die coating method, a blade coating method, a roll coating method, an inkjet method, a printing method,
- a wet method also referred to as a wet process, such as a spin coating method, a casting method, a die coating method, a blade coating method, a roll coating method, an inkjet method, a printing method
- the film is preferably formed by thinning by a spray coating method, a curtain coating method, an LB method (such as Langmuir's Brodgett method)).
- the thickness of the electron transport layer is not particularly limited, but is usually about 5 to 5000 nm, preferably 5 to 200 nm.
- the electron transport layer may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above materials.
- an n-type dopant such as a metal compound such as a metal complex or a metal halide may be doped.
- the compounds described in International Publication No. 2013/061850 can be preferably used. It is not limited to.
- a material having a low work function (4 eV or less) metal referred to as an electron injecting metal
- an alloy referred to as an electrically conductive compound
- Specific examples of such electrode materials include sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, magnesium / copper mixture, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) Mixtures, indium, lithium / aluminum mixtures, rare earth metals and the like.
- a mixture of an electron injecting metal and a second metal which is a stable metal having a larger work function than this for example, a magnesium / silver mixture, Magnesium / aluminum mixtures, magnesium / indium mixtures, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) mixtures, lithium / aluminum mixtures, aluminum and the like are preferred.
- the cathode can be produced by forming a thin film of these electrode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the sheet resistance as the cathode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and the film thickness is usually selected in the range of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 200 nm.
- the emission luminance is advantageously improved.
- a transparent or semi-transparent cathode can be produced by producing a conductive transparent material, which will be described later in the description of the anode, after producing the above metal with a thickness of 1 to 20 nm on the cathode.
- a transparent or semi-transparent cathode can be produced by producing a conductive transparent material, which will be described later in the description of the anode, after producing the above metal with a thickness of 1 to 20 nm on the cathode.
- ⁇ Injection layer electron injection layer (cathode buffer layer), hole injection layer>
- the injection layer is provided as necessary, and there are an electron injection layer and a hole injection layer, and as described above, exists between the anode and the light emitting layer or the hole transport layer, and between the cathode and the light emitting layer or the electron transport layer. You may let them.
- An injection layer is a layer provided between an electrode and an organic layer in order to reduce drive voltage and improve light emission luminance. “Organic EL element and its forefront of industrialization (issued by NTT Corporation on November 30, 1998) 2), Chapter 2, “Electrode Materials” (pages 123 to 166) in detail, and includes a hole injection layer (anode buffer layer) and an electron injection layer (cathode buffer layer).
- anode buffer layer hole injection layer
- anode buffer layer hole injection layer
- copper phthalocyanine is used.
- Examples thereof include a buffer layer, a polymer buffer layer using a conductive polymer such as polyaniline (emeraldine) and polythiophene, and an orthometalated complex layer represented by tris (2-phenylpyridine) iridium complex.
- a buffer layer a polymer buffer layer using a conductive polymer such as polyaniline (emeraldine) and polythiophene
- an orthometalated complex layer represented by tris (2-phenylpyridine) iridium complex.
- cathode buffer layer (electron injection layer) The details of the cathode buffer layer (electron injection layer) are described in JP-A-6-325871, JP-A-9-17574, JP-A-10-74586, and the like. Specifically, strontium, aluminum, etc.
- Metal buffer layer typified by, alkali metal compound buffer layer typified by lithium fluoride and potassium fluoride, alkaline earth metal compound buffer layer typified by magnesium fluoride and cesium fluoride, typified by aluminum oxide Examples thereof include an oxide buffer layer.
- the buffer layer (injection layer) is preferably a very thin film, and the film thickness is preferably in the range of 0.1 nm to 5 ⁇ m, depending on the material.
- ⁇ Blocking layer hole blocking layer, electron blocking layer>
- the blocking layer is provided as necessary in addition to the basic constituent layer of the organic compound thin film. For example, it is described in JP-A Nos. 11-204258 and 11-204359, and “Organic EL elements and the forefront of industrialization (published by NTT Corporation on November 30, 1998)” on page 237. There is a hole blocking (hole blocking) layer.
- the hole blocking layer has a function of an electron transport layer in a broad sense, and is made of a hole blocking material having a function of transporting electrons and a very small ability to transport holes. By blocking the holes, the probability of recombination of electrons and holes can be improved. Moreover, the structure of the electron carrying layer mentioned above can be used as a hole-blocking layer as needed.
- the hole blocking layer of the organic EL device of the present invention is preferably provided adjacent to the light emitting layer.
- the hole blocking layer includes a carbazole derivative, a carboline derivative, a diazacarbazole derivative (the diazacarbazole derivative is a nitrogen atom in which any one of carbon atoms constituting the carboline ring is cited as the host compound described above. It is preferable to contain the thing replaced by.
- the electron blocking layer has a function of a hole transport layer in a broad sense, and is made of a material having a function of transporting holes while having a remarkably small ability to transport electrons. The probability of recombination of electrons and holes can be improved by blocking. Moreover, the structure of the positive hole transport layer mentioned later can be used as an electron blocking layer as needed.
- the thicknesses of the hole blocking layer and the electron transport layer according to the present invention are preferably in the range of 3 to 100 nm, and more preferably in the range of 5 to 30 nm.
- the hole transport layer is made of a hole transport material having a function of transporting holes, and in a broad sense, a hole injection layer and an electron blocking layer are also included in the hole transport layer.
- the hole transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the hole transport material has any of hole injection or transport and electron barrier properties, and may be either organic or inorganic.
- triazole derivatives for example, triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives and pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, oxazole derivatives, styrylanthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, Examples thereof include stilbene derivatives, silazane derivatives, aniline copolymers, conductive polymer oligomers, particularly thiophene oligomers.
- azatriphenylene derivatives such as those described in JP-T-2003-519432 and JP-A-2006-135145 can also be used as hole transport materials.
- a porphyrin compound an aromatic tertiary amine compound, and a styryl amine compound, especially an aromatic tertiary amine compound.
- aromatic tertiary amine compounds and styrylamine compounds include N, N, N ′, N′-tetraphenyl-4,4′-diaminophenyl; N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′— Bis (3-methylphenyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl] -4,4′-diamine (TPD); 2,2-bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) propane; 1,1-bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) cyclohexane; N, N, N ′, N′-tetra-p-tolyl-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl; 1,1-bis (4-di-p-tolyl) Aminophenyl) -4-phenylcyclohexane; bis (4-dimethylamino-2-methylphenyl) phenylmethane; bis (4-di-p-tolylaminoph
- a polymer material in which these materials are introduced into a polymer chain or these materials are used as a polymer main chain can also be used.
- inorganic compounds such as p-type-Si and p-type-SiC can also be used as the hole injection material and the hole transport material.
- JP-A-11-251067, J. Org. Huang et. al. A so-called p-type hole transport material as described in a book (Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), p. 139) can also be used. In the present invention, these materials are preferably used because a light-emitting element with higher efficiency can be obtained.
- the hole transport layer is formed by thinning the hole transport material by a known method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a printing method including an ink jet method, or an LB method. Can do.
- the layer thickness of the hole transport layer is not particularly limited, but is usually about 5 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 200 nm.
- This hole transport layer may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above materials.
- a hole transport layer having a high p property doped with impurities can be used.
- examples thereof include JP-A-4-297076, JP-A-2000-196140, JP-A-2001-102175, J. Pat. Appl. Phys. 95, 5773 (2004), and the like.
- an electrode material made of a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof having a high work function (4 eV or more) is preferably used.
- an electrode substance include metals such as Au, and conductive transparent materials such as CuI, ITO, SnO 2 , and ZnO.
- an amorphous material such as IDIXO (In 2 O 3 —ZnO) capable of forming a transparent conductive film may be used.
- a thin film may be formed by vapor deposition or sputtering of these electrode materials, and a pattern of a desired shape may be formed by photolithography, or when pattern accuracy is not required (about 100 ⁇ m or more) A pattern may be formed through a mask having a desired shape at the time of vapor deposition or sputtering of the electrode material.
- a wet film forming method such as a printing method or a coating method can also be used.
- the transmittance be greater than 10%, and the sheet resistance as the anode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the film thickness depends on the material, it is usually selected in the range of 10 to 1000 nm, preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- the support substrate (hereinafter also referred to as a substrate, substrate, substrate, support, etc.) that can be used in the organic EL device of the present invention is not particularly limited in the type of glass, plastic, etc., and is transparent. Or opaque. When extracting light from the support substrate side, the support substrate is preferably transparent. Examples of the transparent support substrate preferably used include glass, quartz, and a transparent resin film. A particularly preferable support substrate is a resin film capable of giving flexibility to the organic EL element.
- polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene, polypropylene, cellophane, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate (TAC), cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate ( CAP), cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose nitrate or derivatives thereof, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene vinyl alcohol, syndiotactic polystyrene, polycarbonate, norbornene resin, polymethylpentene, polyether ketone, polyimide , Polyethersulfone (PES), polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfones Cycloolefin resins such as polyetherimide, polyetherketoneimide, polyamide, fluororesin, nylon, polymethylmethacrylate, acrylic or polyarylates, Arton (trade name, manufactured by JSR) or Appel (
- the surface of the resin film may be formed with an inorganic film, an organic film, or a hybrid film of both, and the water vapor permeability (25 ⁇ 0.5 ° C.) measured by a method according to JIS K 7129-1992. And a relative humidity (90 ⁇ 2)%) of 0.01 g / m 2 ⁇ 24 h or less is preferable, and the oxygen permeability measured by a method according to JIS K 7126-1987 is also preferred. It is preferably a high-barrier film having 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mL / m 2 ⁇ 24 h ⁇ atm or less and a water vapor permeability of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 g / m 2 ⁇ 24 h or less.
- the material for forming the barrier layer may be any material as long as it has a function of suppressing intrusion of elements that cause deterioration of elements such as moisture and oxygen.
- silicon oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, or the like can be used.
- the method for forming the barrier layer is not particularly limited.
- a plasma CVD method, a laser CVD method, a thermal CVD method, a coating method, or the like can be used, but an atmospheric pressure plasma polymerization method as described in JP-A-2004-68143 is particularly preferable.
- the opaque support substrate include metal plates such as aluminum and stainless steel, films, opaque resin substrates, and ceramic substrates.
- the external extraction yield at room temperature for light emission of the organic EL device of the present invention is preferably 1% or more, and more preferably 5% or more.
- the external extraction quantum yield (%) the number of photons emitted to the outside of the organic EL element / the number of electrons sent to the organic EL element ⁇ 100.
- a hue improvement filter such as a color filter may be used in combination, or a color conversion filter that converts the emission color from the organic EL element into multiple colors using a phosphor may be used in combination.
- the ⁇ max of light emission of the organic EL element is preferably 480 nm or less.
- a device comprising an anode / hole injection layer / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / hole blocking layer / electron transport layer / cathode buffer layer (electron injection layer) / cathode Will be described.
- a desired electrode material for example, a thin film made of an anode material is formed on a suitable substrate so as to have a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably 10 to 200 nm, to produce an anode.
- a thin film containing an organic compound such as a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, or a cathode buffer layer, which is an element material, is formed thereon.
- a thin film can be formed by a vacuum deposition method, a wet method (also referred to as a wet process), or the like.
- Wet methods include spin coating, casting, die coating, blade coating, roll coating, ink jet, printing, spray coating, curtain coating, and LB, but precise thin films can be formed.
- a method having a high suitability for a roll-to-roll method such as a die coating method, a roll coating method, an ink jet method, or a spray coating method is preferable. Different film formation methods may be applied for each layer.
- liquid medium for dissolving or dispersing the organic EL material such as a luminescent dopant used in the present invention include, for example, ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone, fatty acid esters such as ethyl acetate, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichlorobenzene, Aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, mesitylene and cyclohexylbenzene, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, decalin and dodecane, and organic solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF) and DMSO can be used.
- a dispersion method it can disperse
- a thin film made of a cathode material is formed thereon so as to have a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably in the range of 50 to 200 nm, and a desired organic EL device can be obtained by providing a cathode.
- the order can be reversed, and the cathode, cathode buffer layer, electron transport layer, hole blocking layer, light emitting layer, hole transport layer, hole injection layer, and anode can be formed in this order.
- the organic EL device of the present invention is preferably produced from the hole injection layer to the cathode consistently by a single evacuation, but it may be taken out halfway and subjected to different film forming methods. At that time, it is preferable to perform the work in a dry inert gas atmosphere.
- sealing As a sealing means used for this invention, the method of adhere
- the sealing member may be disposed so as to cover the display area of the organic EL element, and may be a concave plate shape or a flat plate shape. Further, transparency and electrical insulation are not particularly limited.
- Specific examples include a glass plate, a polymer plate / film, and a metal plate / film.
- the glass plate include soda-lime glass, barium / strontium-containing glass, lead glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, barium borosilicate glass, and quartz.
- the polymer plate include those formed from polycarbonate, acrylic, polyethylene terephthalate, polyether sulfide, polysulfone and the like.
- Examples of the metal plate include those made of one or more metals or alloys selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, iron, copper, aluminum, magnesium, nickel, zinc, chromium, titanium, molybdenum, silicon, germanium, and tantalum.
- a polymer film and a metal film can be preferably used because the element can be thinned.
- the polymer film has an oxygen permeability measured by a method according to JIS K 7126-1987 of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mL / m 2 ⁇ 24 h ⁇ atm or less, and measured by a method according to JIS K 7129-1992.
- the water vapor permeability (25 ⁇ 0.5 ° C., relative humidity (90 ⁇ 2)%) is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 g / m 2 ⁇ 24 h or less.
- the adhesive include photocuring and thermosetting adhesives having reactive vinyl groups of acrylic acid oligomers and methacrylic acid oligomers, and moisture curing adhesives such as 2-cyanoacrylates. be able to.
- hot-melt type polyamide, polyester, and polyolefin can be mentioned.
- a cationic curing type ultraviolet curing epoxy resin adhesive can be mentioned.
- an organic EL element may deteriorate by heat processing, what can be adhesively cured from room temperature to 80 ° C. is preferable.
- a desiccant may be dispersed in the adhesive.
- coating of the adhesive agent to a sealing part may use commercially available dispenser, and may print like screen printing.
- the electrode and the organic layer are coated on the outside of the electrode facing the support substrate with the organic layer interposed therebetween, and an inorganic or organic layer is formed in contact with the support substrate to form a sealing film.
- a material for forming the film any material may be used as long as it has a function of suppressing intrusion of elements that cause deterioration of elements such as moisture and oxygen.
- silicon oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, or the like may be used. it can.
- vacuum deposition method sputtering method, reactive sputtering method, molecular beam epitaxy method, cluster ion beam method, ion plating method, plasma polymerization method, atmospheric pressure plasma
- a polymerization method a plasma CVD method, a laser CVD method, a thermal CVD method, a coating method, or the like can be used.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon, or an inert liquid such as fluorinated hydrocarbon or silicon oil can be injected in the gas phase and liquid phase.
- a vacuum can also be used.
- a hygroscopic compound can also be enclosed inside. Examples of the hygroscopic compound include metal oxides (for example, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide) and sulfates (for example, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, cobalt sulfate).
- metal halides eg calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, cesium fluoride, tantalum fluoride, cerium bromide, magnesium bromide, barium iodide, magnesium iodide etc.
- perchloric acids eg perchloric acid Barium, magnesium perchlorate, and the like
- anhydrous salts are preferably used in sulfates, metal halides, and perchloric acids.
- a protective film or a protective plate may be provided on the outer side of the sealing film on the side facing the support substrate with the organic layer interposed therebetween or the sealing film.
- the mechanical strength is not necessarily high, and thus it is preferable to provide such a protective film and a protective plate.
- the same glass plate, polymer plate / film, metal plate / film, etc. used for the sealing can be used, but the polymer film is light and thin. Is preferably used.
- the organic EL element emits light inside a layer having a refractive index higher than that of air (refractive index is about 1.7 to 2.1) and can extract only about 15 to 20% of the light generated in the light emitting layer. Is generally said. This is because light incident on the interface (interface between the transparent substrate and air) at an angle ⁇ greater than the critical angle causes total reflection and cannot be taken out of the device, or between the transparent electrode or light emitting layer and the transparent substrate. This is because the light is totally reflected between the light and the light is guided through the transparent electrode or the light emitting layer, and as a result, the light escapes in the direction of the element side surface.
- a method for improving the light extraction efficiency for example, a method of forming irregularities on the surface of the transparent substrate to prevent total reflection at the interface between the transparent substrate and the air (US Pat. No. 4,774,435), condensing on the substrate.
- a method of improving the efficiency by imparting a property Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-314795
- a method of forming a reflective surface on the side surface of the element Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-220394
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-220394 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-220394
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-220394 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-220394
- these methods can be used in combination with the organic EL device of the present invention.
- a method of introducing a flat layer having a lower refractive index than the substrate between the substrate and the light emitter, or a substrate, transparent A method of forming a diffraction grating between any one of the electrode layer and the light emitting layer (including between the substrate and the outside) can be suitably used.
- by combining these means it is possible to obtain an element having higher luminance or durability.
- the low refractive index layer include aerogel, porous silica, magnesium fluoride, and a fluorine-based polymer. Since the refractive index of the transparent substrate is generally about 1.5 to 1.7, the low refractive index layer preferably has a refractive index of about 1.5 or less. Further, it is preferably 1.35 or less. Further, the thickness of the low refractive index medium is preferably at least twice the wavelength in the medium. This is because the effect of the low refractive index layer is diminished when the thickness of the low refractive index medium is about the wavelength of light and the electromagnetic wave that has exuded by evanescent enters the substrate.
- the method of introducing a diffraction grating into an interface or any medium that causes total reflection is characterized by a high effect of improving light extraction efficiency.
- This method uses the property that the diffraction grating can change the direction of light to a specific direction different from refraction by so-called Bragg diffraction such as first-order diffraction or second-order diffraction.
- Light that cannot be emitted due to total internal reflection, etc. is diffracted by introducing a diffraction grating in any layer or medium (in the transparent substrate or transparent electrode), and the light is emitted outside. I want to take it out.
- the introduced diffraction grating desirably has a two-dimensional periodic refractive index. This is because light emitted from the light-emitting layer is randomly generated in all directions, so in a general one-dimensional diffraction grating having a periodic refractive index distribution only in a certain direction, only light traveling in a specific direction is diffracted. Therefore, the light extraction efficiency does not increase so much. However, by making the refractive index distribution a two-dimensional distribution, light traveling in all directions is diffracted, and light extraction efficiency is increased.
- the position where the diffraction grating is introduced may be in any one of the layers or in the medium (in the transparent substrate or the transparent electrode), but is preferably in the vicinity of the organic light emitting layer where light is generated.
- the period of the diffraction grating is preferably about 1/2 to 3 times the wavelength of light in the medium.
- the arrangement of the diffraction grating is preferably two-dimensionally repeated, such as a square lattice, a triangular lattice, or a honeycomb lattice.
- the organic EL device of the present invention can be processed on a light extraction side of a substrate, for example, by providing a microlens array-like structure, or combined with a so-called condensing sheet, for example in a specific direction, for example, in the device light emitting surface.
- luminance in a specific direction can be raised by condensing in a front direction.
- quadrangular pyramids having a side of 30 ⁇ m and an apex angle of 90 degrees are arranged two-dimensionally on the light extraction side of the substrate.
- One side is preferably within a range of 10 to 100 ⁇ m. If it becomes smaller than this, the effect of diffraction will generate
- the condensing sheet for example, a sheet that is put into practical use in an LED backlight of a liquid crystal display device can be used.
- a brightness enhancement film (BEF) manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Limited can be used.
- the shape of the prism sheet for example, the base material may be formed by forming a ⁇ -shaped stripe having a vertex angle of 90 degrees and a pitch of 50 ⁇ m, or the vertex angle is rounded and the pitch is changed randomly. Other shapes may be used.
- a light diffusing plate and a film with a condensing sheet for example, a diffusion film (light-up) manufactured by Kimoto Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the organic EL element of the present invention can be used as an electronic device, a display device, a display, and various light emitting devices.
- light emitting devices include lighting devices (home lighting, interior lighting), clocks and backlights for liquid crystals, billboard advertisements, traffic lights, light sources of optical storage media, light sources of electrophotographic copying machines, light sources of optical communication processors, light Although the light source of a sensor etc. are mentioned, It is not limited to this, Especially, it can use effectively for the use as a backlight of a liquid crystal display device, and a light source for illumination.
- patterning may be performed by a metal mask, an ink jet printing method, or the like during film formation, if necessary.
- patterning only the electrode may be patterned, the electrode and the light emitting layer may be patterned, or the entire layer of the element may be patterned.
- a conventionally known method is used. Can do.
- the light emission color of the organic EL device of the present invention and the compound according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 7.16 on page 108 of “New Color Science Handbook” (edited by the Japan Color Society, University of Tokyo Press, 1985). It is determined by the color when the result measured with a total of CS-1000 (manufactured by Konica Minolta Co., Ltd.) is applied to the CIE chromaticity coordinates.
- CS-1000 manufactured by Konica Minolta Co., Ltd.
- the organic EL element of the present invention can be used for a display device.
- the display device may be single color or multicolor, but here, the multicolor display device will be described.
- a shadow mask is provided only at the time of forming a light emitting layer, and a film can be formed on one surface by a vapor deposition method, a casting method, a spin coating method, an ink jet method, a printing method, or the like.
- the method is not limited. However, the vapor deposition method, the ink jet method, the spin coating method, and the printing method are preferable.
- the configuration of the organic EL element provided in the display device is selected from the above-described configuration examples of the organic EL element as necessary.
- the manufacturing method of an organic EL element is as having shown to the one aspect
- the multicolor display device can be used as a display device, a display, and various light emission sources.
- a display device or display full-color display is possible by using three types of organic EL elements of blue, red, and green light emission.
- the display device and display include a television, a personal computer, a mobile device, an AV device, a character broadcast display, and an information display in an automobile.
- the driving method when used as a display device for reproducing moving images may be either a simple matrix (passive matrix) method or an active matrix method.
- Light sources include home lighting, interior lighting, clock and liquid crystal backlights, billboard advertisements, traffic lights, light sources for optical storage media, light sources for electrophotographic copying machines, light sources for optical communication processors, light sources for optical sensors, etc.
- the present invention is not limited to these examples.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a display device including organic EL elements. It is a schematic diagram of a display such as a mobile phone that displays image information by light emission of an organic EL element.
- the display 1 includes a display unit A having a plurality of pixels, a control unit B that performs image scanning of the display unit A based on image information, a wiring unit C that electrically connects the display unit A and the control unit B, and the like.
- the control unit B is electrically connected to the display unit A via the wiring unit C, and sends a scanning signal and an image data signal to each of a plurality of pixels based on image information from the outside. Sequentially emit light according to the image data signal, scan the image, and display the image information on the display unit A.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a display device using an active matrix method.
- the display unit A includes a wiring unit C including a plurality of scanning lines 5 and data lines 6, a plurality of pixels 3 and the like on a substrate.
- the main members of the display unit A will be described below.
- FIG. 2 shows a case where the light emitted from the pixel 3 (the emitted light L) is extracted in the white arrow direction (downward).
- the scanning lines 5 and the plurality of data lines 6 in the wiring portion are each made of a conductive material, and the scanning lines 5 and the data lines 6 are orthogonal to each other in a lattice shape and are connected to the pixels 3 at the orthogonal positions (details are shown in FIG. Not shown).
- the pixel 3 receives an image data signal from the data line 6 and emits light according to the received image data.
- Full-color display is possible by appropriately arranging pixels in the red region, the green region, and the blue region on the same substrate.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a pixel circuit.
- the pixel includes an organic EL element 10, a switching transistor 11, a driving transistor 12, a capacitor 13, and the like.
- a full color display can be performed by using red, green, and blue light emitting organic EL elements as the organic EL elements 10 in a plurality of pixels, and juxtaposing them on the same substrate.
- an image data signal is applied from the control unit B to the drain of the switching transistor 11 via the data line 6.
- a scanning signal is applied from the control unit B to the gate of the switching transistor 11 via the scanning line 5
- the driving of the switching transistor 11 is turned on, and the image data signal applied to the drain is supplied to the capacitor 13 and the driving transistor 12. Is transmitted to the gate.
- the capacitor 13 is charged according to the potential of the image data signal, and the drive transistor 12 is turned on.
- the drive transistor 12 has a drain connected to the power supply line 7 and a source connected to the electrode of the organic EL element 10, and the power supply line 7 connects to the organic EL element 10 according to the potential of the image data signal applied to the gate. Current is supplied.
- the driving of the switching transistor 11 is turned off.
- the driving of the driving transistor 12 is kept on and the next scanning signal is applied. Until then, the light emission of the organic EL element 10 continues.
- the driving transistor 12 is driven according to the potential of the next image data signal synchronized with the scanning signal, and the organic EL element 10 emits light.
- the organic EL element 10 emits light by the switching transistor 11 and the drive transistor 12 that are active elements for the organic EL element 10 of each of the plurality of pixels, and the light emission of the organic EL element 10 of each of the plurality of pixels 3. It is carried out.
- Such a light emitting method is called an active matrix method.
- the light emission of the organic EL element 10 may be light emission of a plurality of gradations by a multi-value image data signal having a plurality of gradation potentials, or by turning on / off a predetermined light emission amount by a binary image data signal. Good.
- the potential of the capacitor 13 may be held continuously until the next scanning signal is applied, or may be discharged immediately before the next scanning signal is applied.
- a passive matrix light emission drive in which the organic EL element emits light according to the data signal only when the scanning signal is scanned.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a passive matrix display device.
- a plurality of scanning lines 5 and a plurality of image data lines 6 are provided in a lattice shape so as to face each other with the pixel 3 interposed therebetween.
- the scanning signal of the scanning line 5 is applied by sequential scanning, the pixels 3 connected to the applied scanning line 5 emit light according to the image data signal.
- the pixel 3 has no active element, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- the organic EL element of the present invention By using the organic EL element of the present invention, a display device with improved luminous efficiency was obtained.
- the organic EL element of the present invention is preferably used for a lighting device.
- the organic EL element of the present invention may be used as an organic EL element having a resonator structure.
- Examples of the purpose of use of the organic EL element having such a resonator structure include a light source of an optical storage medium, a light source of an electrophotographic copying machine, a light source of an optical communication processing machine, and a light source of an optical sensor. It is not limited. Moreover, you may use for the said use by making a laser oscillation.
- the organic EL element of the present invention may be used as a kind of lamp for illumination or exposure light source, a projection apparatus for projecting an image, or a type for directly viewing a still image or a moving image. It may be used as a display device (display).
- the driving method when used as a display device for reproducing a moving image may be either a passive matrix method or an active matrix method. Alternatively, it is possible to produce a full-color display device by using two or more organic EL elements of the present invention having different emission colors.
- the luminescent compound of the present invention can be applied to an organic EL element that emits substantially white light as a lighting device.
- white light emission can be obtained by simultaneously emitting a plurality of light emission colors and mixing the colors.
- the light emission may include three light emission maximum wavelengths of three primary colors of red, green and blue, or two light emission utilizing a complementary color relationship such as blue and yellow, blue green and orange, etc. It may contain a maximum wavelength.
- the method for forming the organic EL device of the present invention may be simply arranged by providing a mask only when forming a light emitting layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, or the like, and separately coating with the mask. Since the other layers are common, patterning of a mask or the like is unnecessary, and for example, an electrode film can be formed on one surface by a vapor deposition method, a cast method, a spin coating method, an ink jet method, a printing method, or the like, and productivity is improved. According to this method, unlike a white organic EL device in which light emitting elements of a plurality of colors are arranged in parallel in an array, the elements themselves are luminescent white.
- FIG. 1 One aspect of lighting device of the present invention that includes the organic EL element of the present invention will be described.
- the non-light emitting surface of the organic EL device of the present invention is covered with a glass case, a 300 ⁇ m thick glass substrate is used as a sealing substrate, and an epoxy photocurable adhesive (LUX The track LC0629B) is applied, and this is overlaid on the cathode and brought into close contact with the transparent support substrate, irradiated with UV light from the glass substrate side, cured, sealed, and illuminated as shown in FIGS.
- a device can be formed.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the lighting device, and the organic EL element of the present invention (organic EL element 101 in the lighting device) is covered with a glass cover 102 (note that the sealing operation with the glass cover is performed by lighting. This was performed in a glove box under a nitrogen atmosphere (in an atmosphere of high-purity nitrogen gas having a purity of 99.999% or more) without bringing the organic EL element 101 in the apparatus into contact with the air.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the lighting device.
- reference numeral 105 denotes a cathode
- 106 denotes an organic layer
- 107 denotes a glass substrate with a transparent electrode.
- the glass cover 102 is filled with nitrogen gas 108 and a water catching agent 109 is provided.
- This transparent support substrate is fixed to a substrate holder of a commercially available vacuum deposition apparatus, while ⁇ -NPD (4,4′-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl is mounted on a molybdenum resistance heating boat.
- ⁇ -NPD 4,4′-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl is mounted on a molybdenum resistance heating boat.
- 200 mg, 200 mg of the host compound (Comparative Compound 1) in another molybdenum resistance heating boat, 200 mg of the dopant compound (D-37) in another molybdenum resistance heating boat, another molybdenum resistance heating boat 200 mg of BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) was added to the flask and attached to a vacuum deposition apparatus.
- the pressure in the vacuum chamber was reduced to 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa, and the heating boat containing ⁇ -NPD was energized and heated, and deposited on the hole injection layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second.
- a 30 nm hole transport layer was provided.
- the heating boat containing the host compound (Comparative Compound 1) and the heating boat containing the dopant compound (D-37) were energized and heated, and the deposition rates were 0.1 nm / second and 0.010 nm / second, respectively. Then, a 40 nm light emitting layer was provided by co-evaporation on the hole transport layer. Furthermore, the heating boat containing BCP was energized and heated, and was deposited on the light emitting layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second to provide a 30 nm electron transport layer.
- the organic EL element was measured for the resistance value of the light emitting layer before and after driving for 1000 hours under room temperature (25 ° C.) and constant current conditions of 2.5 mA / cm 2 , and the calculation results are shown below.
- the change rate of the resistance value was obtained by calculation.
- Table 1 shows the relative ratio when the rate of change of the resistance value of the organic EL element 1-1 is 100.
- Change rate of resistance value before and after driving
- a value closer to 0 indicates a smaller rate of change before and after driving. That is, the voltage rise during driving is small.
- ⁇ Luminous efficiency> The organic EL device is turned on at room temperature (about 23 ° C.) under a constant current condition of 2.5 mA / cm 2 , and the emission luminance [cd / m 2 ] immediately after the start of lighting is measured to obtain an external extraction quantum efficiency ( ⁇ ) (luminescence efficiency) was calculated.
- ⁇ emission efficiency
- the measurement of emission luminance was performed using CS-1000 (manufactured by Konica Minolta), and the external extraction quantum efficiency was expressed as a relative value where the organic EL element 1-1 was 100.
- the organic EL element of the present invention has a lower initial driving voltage and a smaller change in resistance before and after driving than the organic EL element of the comparative example. It can be seen that the voltage rise is small and the luminous efficiency is good.
- organic EL elements 2-1 to 2-15 were similarly produced except that the dopant D-37 was replaced with D-36 and the host compound was replaced with the compounds shown in Table 2. did.
- ⁇ Exciton stability> A co-deposited film of a host compound and a dopant (D-36) was formed on a quartz substrate (deposition rates of 0.1 nm / second, 0.010 nm / second, and 40 nm, respectively), and the non-light emitting surface was covered with a glass case.
- a 300 ⁇ m-thick glass substrate is used as a sealing substrate, and an epoxy photo-curing adhesive (Lux Track LC0629B manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.) is applied as a sealing material around the glass substrate.
- the glass substrate was irradiated with UV light, cured, and sealed.
- This single light emitting layer film was irradiated with a UV-LED (5 W / cm 2 ) light source for 20 minutes. At this time, the distance between the light source and the sample was 15 mm. A constant current of 2.5 mA / cm 2 was applied to the UV-irradiated sample, the light emission luminance immediately after light emission was measured, and the luminance residual ratio was calculated using the following formula.
- the initial light emission luminance is the light emission luminance (L0) at the time of evaluating the light emission efficiency.
- Exciton stability (%) (emission luminance after 20 minutes UV) / (initial emission luminance (L0)) ⁇ 100
- the organic EL element 2-1 is represented by a relative value of 100. A larger value of the luminance residual ratio indicates superior exciton stability, and it was found that the durability of the organic EL element of the present invention is higher than that of the organic EL element of the comparative example.
- an organic electroluminescence device that can suppress an initial voltage drop and a voltage increase during driving of the organic electroluminescence device, and further improve the light emission efficiency. And it can utilize suitably for various display apparatuses, such as an organic electroluminescent display and a touch panel using an organic electroluminescent element, and an illuminating device.
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Abstract
Description
さらに、リン光発光を利用する有機EL素子は、以前の蛍光発光を利用する有機EL素子に比べ、原理的に約4倍の発光効率が実現可能であることから、その材料開発を初めとし、発光素子の層構成や電極の研究開発が世界中で行われている。例えば、イリジウム錯体系等重金属錯体を中心に多くの化合物が検討なされている。
このように、リン光発光方式は、大変ポテンシャルの高い方式であるが、このリン光発光材料は、通常ホストと呼ばれる有機化合物との混合膜として使用する。これには、主に二つの要因がある。一つ目は、発光材料同士が凝集することによる発光効率が低下してしまうために、ホストは発光材料の分散剤の役割を有する。二つ目は、発光材料へ電荷(正孔・電子)を運ぶ役割である。
有機EL素子用材料は、絶縁性の有機分子であることから、陽極と陰極から直接ドーパントに電子と正孔を注入することができない(いわゆるオーム則に従う電荷注入ができない。)。この絶縁物である有機物に電荷を注入・輸送するためには、超薄膜(100nm以下)にすることと、エネルギー障壁を小さくすることが必要である。すなわち、陽極と発光層の間のエネルギー障壁が大きいために、直接正孔注入できない。したがって、陽極と発光層の間に、中間のエネルギーを持つ薄膜の正孔注入輸送層が必要となる。
また、電子側にも同じように、電子注入・輸送層が必要である。さらに、電荷は、有機分子のπ共役部位間をホッピング移動することが大原則であるため、全ての有機EL素子用材料は、ベンゼンやピリジンなどを代表とする芳香族化合物を組み合わせた化学構造を持つ。
一方で、陽極には、接触する有機分子のHOMO準位から電子が受け渡され、すなわち正孔が注入されカチオンラジカルが発生し、それが図の左側から中央に向けて移動する。
すなわち、電荷輸送・注入には、有機化合物のHOMO・LUMO準位のコントロールとホッピング移動できるπ共役部位を持つことが重要である。
HOMO・LUMO準位をコントロール(深くする)方法としては、二つある。一つ目は、電子吸引性N原子を用いた芳香族複素環(例えば、ピリジン、ピリミジン、トリアジン、キノリン等)を導入する方法である。二つ目は、電子吸引性基を導入する方法である。後者の方が、分子設計が容易であり、従来知られている有機EL素子用材料に導入することで、目的のHOMO・LUMO準位を容易に達成できるため、電子吸引性基であるシアノ基やトリフルオロメチル基がよく用いられる(特許文献1及び2参照。)。
さらに、縮合環としてジベンゾフランを用いると、分子間π-π相互作用が大きく、その結果として、素子駆動中での分子運動が抑制されて、駆動時の電圧上昇が小さくなり、更には、駆動中での発光ドーパントの動きも抑制でき、素子駆動中での発光ドーパントの凝集を抑えて、発光ドーパントの励起子安定性も向上する事を見いだした。
すなわち、本発明に係る上記課題は、以下の手段により解決される。
この特徴は、各請求項に係る発明に共通又は対応する技術的特徴である。
本発明の実施態様としては、本発明の効果発現の観点から、前記一般式(1)で表される構造を有する化合物が、前記一般式(3)~(16)のいずれかで表される構造を有する化合物であることが好ましい。
また、前記一般式(1)で表される構造を有する化合物のリン光スペクトルにおける0-0遷移バンドの発光極大波長が、450nm以下であることが、青色リン光ホスト適性の点で好ましい。
また、前記一般式(2)で表される構造を有する置換基の縮合環に対応する化合物のLUMO準位が、カルバゾールのLUMO準位より低いことが、電荷輸送、特に電子輸送の点で好ましい。
また、本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、青色発光又は白色発光することが、様々な状況に対応し、多様性のある室内照明を実現することができる点で好ましい。
本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、表示装置や照明装置に好適である。
R2は、カルバゾール環を構成する炭素原子上の水素原子のいずれかに代わって置換されたアルキル基(例えば、メチル基、エチル基、トリフルオロメチル基、イソプロピル基等)、アリール基(例えば、フェニル基等)、ヘテロアリール基(例えば、ピリジル基、カルバゾリル基等)、ハロゲン原子(例えば、フッ素原子等)、シアノ基、若しくはフッ化アルキル基を表す。R2は、好ましくは、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基を表す。
R3は、水素原子、アルキル基(例えば、メチル基、エチル基、トリフロオロメチル基、イソプロピル基等)、アリール基(例えば、フェニル基等)、ヘテロアリール基(例えば、ピリジル基、カルバゾリル基等)、又はフッ化アルキル基を表す。R3は、好ましくは、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基を表す。
nは、0~7の整数を表す。
ただし、R2及びR3が、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、又はフッ化アルキル基を表すとき、当該R2及びR3のうち少なくとも1つは、下記一般式(2)で表される構造を有する。また、R2及びR3が、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、又はフッ化アルキル基を表すとき、当該R2及びR3のうち少なくとも1つは、下記一般式(2)で表される置換基を有することが好ましい。また、R2及びR3のうち少なくとも1つは、それ自体が下記一般式(2)で表される置換基を表すことが特に好ましい。
5員の複素環としては、例えば、フラン環、チオフェン環、ピロール環、インドール環、ベンゾフラン環、ベンゾチオフェン環、ピラゾール環、イミダゾール環、トリアゾール環、オキサゾール環、又はチアゾール環が挙げられ、特に、ベンゾフラン環、ベンゾチオフェン環、イミダゾール環、であることが好ましい。
置換基としては、例えば、アルキル基(例えば、メチル基、エチル基、トリフルオロメチル基、イソプロピル基等)、アリール基(例えば、フェニル基等)、ヘテロアリール基(例えば、ピリジル基、カルバゾリル基等)、ハロゲン原子(例えば、フッ素原子等)、シアノ基、若しくはフッ化アルキル基が挙げられ、特に、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基が好ましい。
測定する化合物を、よく脱酸素されたエタノール/メタノール=4/1(vol/vol)の混合溶媒に溶かし、リン光測定用セルに入れた後、液体窒素温度77Kで励起光を照射し、励起光照射後100msでの発光スペクトルを測定する。リン光は蛍光に比べ発光寿命が長いため、100ms後に残存する光はほぼリン光であると考えることができる。なお、リン光寿命が100msより短い化合物に対しては遅延時間を短くして測定しても構わないが、蛍光と区別できなくなるほど遅延時間を短くしてしまうと、リン光と蛍光が分離できないので問題となるため、その分離が可能な遅延時間を選択する必要がある。
具体的には、前記一般式(2)で表される構造を有する置換基の縮合環に対応する化合物のLUMO準位が、-1.0~-2.5eVの範囲内であることが好ましい。
なお、カルバゾールのLUMO準位は、-0.6eVである。
R2は、カルバゾール環を構成する炭素原子上の水素原子のいずれかに代わって置換されたアルキル基(例えば、メチル基、エチル基、トリフロオロメチル基、イソプロピル基等)、アリール基(例えば、フェニル基等)、ヘテロアリール基(例えば、ピリジル基、カルバゾリル基等)、ハロゲン原子(例えば、フッ素原子等)、シアノ基、若しくはフッ化アルキル基を表す。R2は、好ましくは、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基を表す。
nは、0~7の整数を表す。
A1は、5員の複素環であり、5員の複素環は、さらに置換基を有してもよく、さらには、その置換基が環を形成してもよい。5員の複素環や置換基としては、上記一般式(1)に記載した5員の複素環や置換基が挙げられる。
R2は、カルバゾール環を構成する炭素原子上の水素原子のいずれかに代わって置換されたアルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、若しくはフッ化アルキル基を表す。R2は、好ましくは、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基を表す。
nは、0~7の整数を表す。
A1は、5員の複素環であり、5員の複素環は、さらに置換基を有してもよく、さらには、その置換基が環を形成してもよい。5員の複素環や置換基としては、上記一般式(1)に記載した5員の複素環や置換基が挙げられる。
R2は、カルバゾール環を構成する炭素原子上の水素原子のいずれかに代わって置換されたアルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、若しくはフッ化アルキル基を表す。R2は、好ましくは、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基を表す。
R3は、水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、又はフッ化アルキル基を表す。R3は、好ましくは、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基を表す。
nは、0~6の整数を表す。
A1は、5員の複素環であり、5員の複素環は、さらに置換基を有してもよく、さらには、その置換基が環を形成してもよい。5員の複素環や置換基としては、上記一般式(1)に記載した5員の複素環や置換基が挙げられる。
R2は、カルバゾール環を構成する炭素原子上の水素原子のいずれかに代わって置換されたアルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、若しくはフッ化アルキル基を表す。R2は、好ましくは、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基を表す。
R3は、水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、又はフッ化アルキル基を表す。R3は、好ましくは、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基を表す。
nは、0~6の整数を表す。
A1は、5員の複素環であり、5員の複素環は、さらに置換基を有してもよく、さらには、その置換基が環を形成してもよい。5員の複素環や置換基としては、上記一般式(1)に記載した5員の複素環や置換基が挙げられる。
mは、1~18の整数を表す。
R2は、カルバゾール環を構成する炭素原子上の水素原子のいずれかに代わって置換されたアルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、若しくはフッ化アルキル基を表す。
R3は、水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、又はフッ化アルキル基を表す。nは、0~6の整数を表す。
ただし、R2及びR3が、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、又はフッ化アルキル基を表すとき、当該R2及びR3のうち少なくとも1つは、前記一般式(2)で表される構造を有する。
mは、1~18の整数を表す。
R2は、カルバゾール環を構成する炭素原子上の水素原子のいずれかに代わって置換されたアルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、若しくはフッ化アルキル基を表す。
nは、0~7の整数を表す。
n1は、0~8の整数を表す。
mは、1~18の整数を表す。
R2は、カルバゾール環を構成する炭素原子上の水素原子のいずれかに代わって置換されたアルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、若しくはフッ化アルキル基を表す。
nは、0~7の整数を表す。
n1は、0~8の整数を表す。
mは、1~18の整数を表す。
R2は、カルバゾール環を構成する炭素原子上の水素原子のいずれかに代わって置換されたアルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、若しくはフッ化アルキル基を表す。
nは、0~7の整数を表す。
n1は、0~8の整数を表す。
mは、1~18の整数を表す。
R2は、カルバゾール環を構成する炭素原子上の水素原子のいずれかに代わって置換されたアルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、若しくはフッ化アルキル基を表す。
nは、0~7の整数を表す。
n1は、0~8の整数を表す。
mは、1~18の整数を表す。
R2は、カルバゾール環を構成する炭素原子上の水素原子のいずれかに代わって置換されたアルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、若しくはフッ化アルキル基を表す。
nは、0~7の整数を表す。
n1は、0~8の整数を表す。
mは、1~18の整数を表す。
R2は、カルバゾール環を構成する炭素原子上の水素原子のいずれかに代わって置換されたアルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、若しくはフッ化アルキル基を表す。
nは、0~7の整数を表す。
n1は、0~8の整数を表す。
mは、1~18の整数を表す。
R2は、カルバゾール環を構成する炭素原子上の水素原子のいずれかに代わって置換されたアルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、若しくはフッ化アルキル基を表す。
R3は、水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、又はフッ化アルキル基を表す。
R4は、ジベンゾフラン環を表す。
nは、0~6の整数を表す。
ただし、R2及びR3が、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、又はフッ化アルキル基を表すとき、当該R2及びR3のうち少なくとも1つは、前記一般式(2)で表される構造を有する。
mは、1~18の整数を表す。
R2は、カルバゾール環を構成する炭素原子上の水素原子のいずれかに代わって置換されたアルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、若しくはフッ化アルキル基を表す。
nは、0~7の整数を表す。
n1は、0~5の整数を表す。
mは、1~18の整数を表す。
R2は、カルバゾール環を構成する炭素原子上の水素原子のいずれかに代わって置換されたアルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、若しくはフッ化アルキル基を表す。
nは、0~7の整数を表す。
n1は、0~5の整数を表す。
本発明の上記一般式(1)で表される構造を有する化合物の合成例について説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。上記した具体例のうち化合物例38及び化合物例44の合成方法を例に挙げて説明する。
3頭フラスコに、中間体Aを0.5g、DMFを20mL入れ、NBS379mgを少しずつ添加した後、1時間室温で撹拌した。反応液を分液ロートに移した後、水と酢酸エチルを加えて、有機層を抽出した。有機層をエバポレーターを用いて、減圧下留去した。その残渣を、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒 ヘプタン:酢酸エチル=20:1)で分離して、中間体Bを420mg(63%)得た。
3頭フラスコに、工程1で得られた中間体Bを420mg、フェニルボロン酸を310mg、Pd(bda)2を15mg、S-Phosを78mg、ジオキサン10mL、K3PO4を1.1g入れ、100℃で5時間加熱撹拌した。放冷後、反応液を分液ロートに移した後、水と酢酸エチルを加えて、有機層を抽出した。有機層をエバポレーターを用いて、減圧下留去した。その残渣を、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒 ヘプタン:酢酸エチル=15:1)で分離して、中間体Cを448mg得た。
3頭フラスコに、工程2で得られた中間体Cを448mg、中間体Dを652mg、Cu2Oを59mg、ジピバロイルメタン151mg、K3PO4を523mg、DMSOを10mL加えて、160℃で10時間加熱撹拌した。
反応液を分液ロートに移した後、水と酢酸エチルを加えて、有機層を抽出した。有機層をエバポレーターを用いて、減圧下留去した。その残渣を、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒 ヘプタン:酢酸エチル=30:1)で分離して、化合物例38を460mg45%)得た。
MASS spectrum(ESI):m/z=893[M+]
1H-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz)δ:8.50(1H,S),δ:8.42(1H,s),δ:8.22(1H,s),δ:8.20(1H,d),δ:7.92(1H,s),δ:7.84-7.86(3H,m),δ:7.35-7.77(22H,m)
3頭フラスコに、中間体Eを3.0g、DMFを50mL入れ、NBS2.3gを少しずつ添加した後、1時間室温で撹拌した。反応液を分液ロートに移した後、水と酢酸エチルを加えて、有機層を抽出した。有機層をエバポレーターを用いて、減圧下留去した。その残渣を、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒 ヘプタン:酢酸エチル=20:1)で分離して、中間体Fを3.6g(91%)得た。
3頭フラスコに、工程1で得られた中間体Fを3.0g、CuCNを1.6g、NMPを25mL入れ、200℃で5時間加熱撹拌した。放冷後、10%HClを50mLとFeCl3・6H2Oが7.3g入ったコニカルビーカーに反応液を注ぎ込み、65℃で30分撹拌した。その後、K2CO3を加えて中和した。酢酸エチルを用いて、目的物を抽出し、有機層をエバポレーターを用いて、減圧下留去した。この残渣を、メタノールへ滴下すると、白色結晶が析出したので、濾取すると、中間体Gが1.9g(76%)得られた。
3頭フラスコに、工程2で得られた中間体Gを1.0g、中間体Dを1.61g、Cu2Oを100mg、ジピバロイルメタン200mg、K3PO4を1.3g、DMSOを25mL加えて、140℃で7時間加熱撹拌した。
反応液を分液ロートに移した後、水と酢酸エチルを加えて、有機層を抽出した。有機層をエバポレーターを用いて、減圧下留去した。その残渣を、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒 ヘプタン:酢酸エチル=20:1)で分離して、化合物例44を0.69g(41%)得た。
MASS spectrum(ESI):m/z=893[M+]
1H-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz)δ:8.51(1H,S),δ:8.38(1H,d),δ:8.22(1H,s),δ:8.18(1H,d),δ:7.85(1H,s),δ:7.91-7.85(3H,m),δ:7.38-7.77(22H,m)
本発明の有機EL素子は、上記有機EL素子用材料を含有することを特徴とする。
本発明の有機EL素子の構成層について説明する。本発明の有機EL素子において、陽極と陰極との間に挟持される各種有機層の層構成の好ましい具体例を以下に示すが、本発明はこれらに限定されない。
(i)陽極/発光層ユニット/電子輸送層/陰極
(ii)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層ユニット/電子輸送層/陰極
(iii)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層ユニット/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極
(iv)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層ユニット/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極
(v)陽極/陽極バッファー層/正孔輸送層/発光層ユニット/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極
本発明の有機EL素子における発光層としては、青色発光層又は白色発光層であることが好ましく、これらを用いた照明装置であることが好ましい。
本発明の有機EL素子を構成する各層について以下説明する。
本発明に係る発光層は、電極又は電子輸送層及び正孔輸送層から注入されてくる電子及び正孔が再結合して発光する層であり、発光する部分は発光層の層内であっても発光層と隣接層との界面であってもよい。
発光層の層厚の総和は特に制限はないが、膜の均質性や、発光時に不必要な高電圧を印加することを防止し、かつ、駆動電流に対する発光色の安定性向上の観点から、好ましくは2nm~5μmの範囲に調整され、さらに好ましくは2~200nmの範囲に調整され、特に好ましくは5~100nmの範囲に調整される。
本発明の有機EL素子の発光層には、発光ドーパント(リン光発光性ドーパントや蛍光発光性ドーパント等)化合物と、ホスト化合物とを含有することが好ましい。
発光性ドーパント(発光ドーパント、ドーパント化合物、単にドーパントともいう)について説明する。
発光性ドーパントとしては、蛍光発光性ドーパント(蛍光ドーパント、蛍光性化合物、蛍光発光性化合物ともいう。)、又はリン光発光性ドーパント(リン光ドーパント、リン光性化合物、リン光発光性化合物等ともいう。)を用いることができる。
有機EL素子における白色としては、2度視野角正面輝度を前述の方法により測定した際に、1000cd/m2でのCIE1931表色系における色度がx=0.39±0.09、y=0.38±0.08の領域内にあることが好ましい。
リン光発光性ドーパントは、励起三重項からの発光が観測される化合物であり、具体的には、室温(25℃)にてリン光発光する化合物であり、25℃においてリン光量子収率が0.01以上の化合物である。発光層に用いるリン光発光性ドーパントにおいて、好ましいリン光量子収率は、0.1以上である。
一つは、キャリアが輸送されるホスト化合物上で、キャリアの再結合によるホスト化合物の励起状態が生成される。このエネルギーをリン光発光性ドーパントに移動させることで、リン光発光性ドーパントからの発光を得るというエネルギー移動型である。もう一つは、リン光発光性ドーパントがキャリアトラップとなり、リン光発光性ドーパント上でキャリアの再結合が起こり、リン光発光性ドーパントからの発光が得られるというキャリアトラップ型である。いずれの場合においても、リン光発光性ドーパントの励起状態のエネルギーは、ホスト化合物の励起状態のエネルギーよりも低いことが条件となる。
公知のリン光発光性ドーパントの具体例としては、以下の文献に記載されている化合物等が挙げられる。
蛍光発光性ドーパントは、励起一重項からの発光が可能な化合物であり、励起一重項からの発光が観測される限り特に限定されない。
遅延蛍光を利用した発光ドーパントの具体例としては、例えば、国際公開第2011/156793号、特開2011-213643号公報、特開2010-93181号公報等に記載の化合物が挙げられる。
ホスト化合物は、発光層において主に電荷の注入、及び輸送を担う化合物であり、有機EL素子において、それ自体の発光は実質的に観測されない。
好ましくは室温(25℃)において、リン光発光のリン光量子収率が、0.1未満の化合物であり、さらに好ましくは、リン光量子収率が0.01未満の化合物である。また、発光層に含有される化合物の内で、その層中での質量比が20%以上であることが好ましい。
ホスト化合物は、単独で用いてもよく、又は複数種併用して用いてもよい。ホスト化合物を複数種用いることで、電荷の移動を調整することが可能であり、有機EL素子の高効率化が可能となる。
また、ホスト化合物として、従来の有機EL素子で用いられる化合物を、本発明の有機EL素子用材料と併用してもよい。
また、前記リン光ドーパントとして用いられる公知の化合物を複数種用いることで、異なる発光を混ぜることが可能となり、これにより任意の発光色を得ることができる。
また、本発明に用いられるホストとしては、低分子化合物でも、繰り返し単位をもつ高分子化合物でもよく、ビニル基やエポキシ基のような重合性基を有する低分子化合物(重合性ホスト)でもよく、このような化合物を1種又は複数種用いても良い。
特開2001-257076号公報、同2002-308855号公報、同2001-313179号公報、同2002-319491号公報、同2001-357977号公報、同2002-334786号公報、同2002-8860号公報、同2002-334787号公報、同2002-15871号公報、同2002-334788号公報、同2002-43056号公報、同2002-334789号公報、同2002-75645号公報、同2002-338579号公報、同2002-105445号公報、同2002-343568号公報、同2002-141173号公報、同2002-352957号公報、同2002-203683号公報、同2002-363227号公報、同2002-231453号公報、同2003-3165号公報、同2002-234888号公報、同2003-27048号公報、同2002-255934号公報、同2002-260861号公報、同2002-280183号公報、同2002-299060号公報、同2002-302516号公報、同2002-305083号公報、同2002-305084号公報、同2002-308837号公報等。
低分子化合物や、繰り返し単位を有する高分子化合物でもよく、又は、ビニル基やエポキシ基のような反応性基を有する化合物でもよい。
電子輸送層とは、電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、広い意味で電子注入層、正孔阻止層も電子輸送層に含まれる。電子輸送層は、単層又は複数層を設けることができる。
電子輸送層は、陰極より注入された電子を発光層に伝達する機能を有していればよく、電子輸送層の構成材料としては、従来公知の化合物の中から任意のものを選択し併用することも可能である。
さらに、上記オキサジアゾール誘導体において、オキサジアゾール環の酸素原子を硫黄原子に置換したチアジアゾール誘導体、電子吸引性基として知られているキノキサリン環を有するキノキサリン誘導体も電子輸送材料として用いることができる。
これらの材料を高分子鎖に導入した、又はこれらの材料を高分子の主鎖とした高分子材料を用いることもできる。
その他、メタルフリー若しくはメタルフタロシアニン、又はそれらの末端がアルキル基やスルホン酸基等で置換されているものも電子輸送材料として用いることができる。
また、n型-Si、n型-SiC等の無機半導体も電子輸送材料として用いることができる。
また、金属錯体やハロゲン化金属など金属化合物等のn型ドーパントをドープして用いてもよい。
陰極としては、仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属と称する。)、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが用いられる。
このような電極物質の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム-カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、希土類金属等が挙げられる。
これらの中で、電子注入性及び酸化等に対する耐久性の点から、電子注入性金属とこれより仕事関数の値が大きく安定な金属である第二金属との混合物、例えば、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、アルミニウム等が好適である。
また、陰極としてのシート抵抗は、数百Ω/□以下が好ましく、膜厚は通常10nm~5μm、好ましくは50~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。
なお、発光した光を透過させるため、有機EL素子の陽極又は陰極のいずれか一方が透明又は半透明であれば発光輝度が向上し好都合である。
また、陰極に上記金属を1~20nmの膜厚で作製した後に、後述する陽極の説明で挙げる導電性透明材料をその上に作製することで、透明又は半透明の陰極を作製することができ、これを応用することで陽極と陰極の両方が透過性を有する素子を作製することができる。
注入層は必要に応じて設け、電子注入層と正孔注入層があり、上記のように陽極と発光層又は正孔輸送層の間、及び陰極と発光層又は電子輸送層との間に存在させてもよい。
注入層とは、駆動電圧低下や発光輝度向上のために電極と有機層間に設けられる層のことで、「有機EL素子とその工業化最前線(1998年11月30日エヌ・ティー・エス社発行)」の第2編第2章「電極材料」(123~166頁)に詳細に記載されており、正孔注入層(陽極バッファー層)と電子注入層(陰極バッファー層)とがある。
上記バッファー層(注入層)は、ごく薄い膜であることが望ましく、素材にもよるがその膜厚は0.1nm~5μmの範囲が好ましい。
阻止層は、上記のごとく有機化合物薄膜の基本構成層の他に必要に応じて設けられるものである。例えば、特開平11-204258号公報、同11-204359号公報、及び「有機EL素子とその工業化最前線(1998年11月30日エヌ・ティー・エス社発行)」の237頁等に記載されている正孔阻止(ホールブロック)層がある。
また、前述する電子輸送層の構成を必要に応じて、正孔阻止層として用いることができる。
本発明の有機EL素子の正孔阻止層は、発光層に隣接して設けられていることが好ましい。
正孔阻止層には、前述のホスト化合物として挙げた、カルバゾール誘導体、カルボリン誘導体、ジアザカルバゾール誘導体(ここで、ジアザカルバゾール誘導体とは、カルボリン環を構成する炭素原子のいずれか一つが窒素原子で置き換わったものをいう。)を含有することが好ましい。
また、後述する正孔輸送層の構成を必要に応じて電子阻止層として用いることができる。本発明に係る正孔阻止層、電子輸送層の層厚としては、好ましくは3~100nmの範囲内であり、さらに好ましくは5~30nmの範囲内である。
正孔輸送層とは、正孔を輸送する機能を有する正孔輸送材料からなり、広い意味で正孔注入層、電子阻止層も正孔輸送層に含まれる。正孔輸送層は、単層又は複数層設けることができる。
正孔輸送材料としては、正孔の注入又は輸送、電子の障壁性のいずれかを有するものであり、有機物、無機物のいずれであってもよい。例えば、トリアゾール誘導体、オキサジアゾール誘導体、イミダゾール誘導体、ポリアリールアルカン誘導体、ピラゾリン誘導体及びピラゾロン誘導体、フェニレンジアミン誘導体、アリールアミン誘導体、アミノ置換カルコン誘導体、オキサゾール誘導体、スチリルアントラセン誘導体、フルオレノン誘導体、ヒドラゾン誘導体、スチルベン誘導体、シラザン誘導体、アニリン系共重合体、導電性高分子オリゴマー、特にチオフェンオリゴマー等が挙げられる。
また、特表2003-519432号公報や特開2006-135145号公報等に記載されているようなアザトリフェニレン誘導体も同様に正孔輸送材料として用いることができる。
芳香族第3級アミン化合物及びスチリルアミン化合物の代表例としては、N,N,N′,N′-テトラフェニル-4,4′-ジアミノフェニル;N,N′-ジフェニル-N,N′-ビス(3-メチルフェニル)-〔1,1′-ビフェニル〕-4,4′-ジアミン(TPD);2,2-ビス(4-ジ-p-トリルアミノフェニル)プロパン;1,1-ビス(4-ジ-p-トリルアミノフェニル)シクロヘキサン;N,N,N′,N′-テトラ-p-トリル-4,4′-ジアミノビフェニル;1,1-ビス(4-ジ-p-トリルアミノフェニル)-4-フェニルシクロヘキサン;ビス(4-ジメチルアミノ-2-メチルフェニル)フェニルメタン;ビス(4-ジ-p-トリルアミノフェニル)フェニルメタン;N,N′-ジフェニル-N,N′-ジ(4-メトキシフェニル)-4,4′-ジアミノビフェニル;N,N,N′,N′-テトラフェニル-4,4′-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル;4,4′-ビス(ジフェニルアミノ)クオードリフェニル;N,N,N-トリ(p-トリル)アミン;4-(ジ-p-トリルアミノ)-4′-〔4-(ジ-p-トリルアミノ)スチリル〕スチルベン;4-N,N-ジフェニルアミノ-(2-ジフェニルビニル)ベンゼン;3-メトキシ-4′-N,N-ジフェニルアミノスチルベン;N-フェニルカルバゾール、さらには米国特許第5061569号明細書に記載されている2個の縮合芳香族環を分子内に有するもの、例えば、4,4′-ビス〔N-(1-ナフチル)-N-フェニルアミノ〕ビフェニル(NPD)、特開平4-308688号公報に記載されているトリフェニルアミンユニットが三つスターバースト型に連結された4,4′,4″-トリス〔N-(3-メチルフェニル)-N-フェニルアミノ〕トリフェニルアミン(MTDATA)等が挙げられる。
また、p型-Si、p型-SiC等の無機化合物も正孔注入材料、正孔輸送材料として使用することができる。
正孔輸送層の層厚については特に制限はないが、通常は5nm~5μm程度、好ましくは5~200nmの範囲内である。この正孔輸送層は上記材料の1種又は2種以上からなる1層構造であってもよい。
本発明においては、このようなp性の高い正孔輸送層を用いることが、より低消費電力の素子を作製することができるため好ましい。
有機EL素子における陽極としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが好ましく用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としては、Au等の金属、CuI、ITO、SnO2、ZnO等の導電性透明材料が挙げられる。
また、IDIXO(In2O3-ZnO)等非晶質で透明導電膜を作製可能な材料を用いてもよい。陽極はこれらの電極物質を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により薄膜を形成させ、フォトリソグラフィー法で所望の形状のパターンを形成してもよく、又はパターン精度を余り必要としない場合は(100μm以上程度)、上記電極物質の蒸着やスパッタリング時に所望の形状のマスクを介してパターンを形成してもよい。
本発明の有機EL素子に用いることのできる支持基板(以下、基体、基板、基材、支持体等ともいう。)としては、ガラス、プラスチック等の種類には特に限定はなく、また透明であっても不透明であってもよい。支持基板側から光を取り出す場合には、支持基板は透明であることが好ましい。好ましく用いられる透明な支持基板としては、ガラス、石英、透明樹脂フィルムを挙げることができる。特に好ましい支持基板は、有機EL素子にフレキシブル性を与えることが可能な樹脂フィルムである。
さらに、該膜の脆弱性を改良するために、これら無機層と有機材料からなる層の積層構造を持たせることがより好ましい。無機層と有機層の積層順については特に制限はないが、両者を交互に複数回積層させることが好ましい。
不透明な支持基板としては、例えば、アルミ、ステンレス等の金属板、フィルムや不透明樹脂基板、セラミック製の基板等が挙げられる。
ここで、外部取り出し量子収率(%)=有機EL素子外部に発光した光子数/有機EL素子に流した電子数×100である。
また、カラーフィルター等の色相改良フィルター等を併用しても、有機EL素子からの発光色を、蛍光体を用いて多色へ変換する色変換フィルターを併用してもよい。色変換フィルターを用いる場合においては、有機EL素子の発光のλmaxは480nm以下が好ましい。
有機EL素子の作製方法の一例として、陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層(電子注入層)/陰極からなる素子の作製方法について説明する。
まず、適当な基体上に所望の電極物質、例えば、陽極用物質からなる薄膜を1μm以下、好ましくは10~200nmの膜厚になるように形成させ、陽極を作製する。
次に、この上に素子材料である正孔注入層、正孔輸送層、発光層、正孔阻止層、電子輸送層、陰極バッファー層等の有機化合物を含有する薄膜を形成させる。
湿式法としては、スピンコート法、キャスト法、ダイコート法、ブレードコート法、ロールコート法、インクジェット法、印刷法、スプレーコート法、カーテンコート法、LB法等があるが、精密な薄膜が形成可能で、かつ高生産性の点から、ダイコート法、ロールコート法、インクジェット法、スプレーコート法などのロール・to・ロール方式適性の高い方法が好ましい。また、層ごとに異なる成膜法を適用してもよい。
また、分散方法としては、超音波、高剪断力分散やメディア分散等の分散方法により分散することができる。
また、順序を逆にして、陰極、陰極バッファー層、電子輸送層、正孔阻止層、発光層、正孔輸送層、正孔注入層、陽極の順に作製することも可能である。
本発明の有機EL素子の作製は、一回の真空引きで一貫して正孔注入層から陰極まで作製するのが好ましいが、途中で取り出して異なる成膜法を施しても構わない。その際、作業を乾燥不活性ガス雰囲気下で行うことが好ましい。
本発明に用いられる封止手段としては、例えば、封止部材と電極、支持基板とを接着剤で接着する方法を挙げることができる。
封止部材としては、有機EL素子の表示領域を覆うように配置されていればよく、凹板状でも平板状でもよい。また透明性、電気絶縁性は特に問わない。
また、ポリマー板としては、ポリカーボネート、アクリル、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエーテルサルファイド、ポリサルフォン等から形成されたものを挙げることができる。
金属板としては、ステンレス、鉄、銅、アルミニウム、マグネシウム、ニッケル、亜鉛、クロム、チタン、モリブデン、シリコン、ゲルマニウム及びタンタルからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の金属又は合金からなるものが挙げられる。
さらには、ポリマーフィルムは、JIS K 7126-1987に準拠した方法で測定された酸素透過度が1×10-3mL/m2・24h・atm以下、JIS K 7129-1992に準拠した方法で測定された、水蒸気透過度(25±0.5℃、相対湿度(90±2)%)が、1×10-3g/m2・24h以下のものであることが好ましい。
封止部材を凹状に加工するのは、サンドブラスト加工、化学エッチング加工等が使われる。
さらに、当該膜の脆弱性を改良するために、これら無機層と有機材料からなる層の積層構造を持たせることが好ましい。これらの膜の形成方法については、特に限定はなく、例えば、真空蒸着法、スパッタリング法、反応性スパッタリング法、分子線エピタキシー法、クラスターイオンビーム法、イオンプレーティング法、プラズマ重合法、大気圧プラズマ重合法、プラズマCVD法、レーザーCVD法、熱CVD法、コーティング法等を用いることができる。
吸湿性化合物としては、例えば、金属酸化物(例えば、酸化ナトリウム、酸化カリウム、酸化カルシウム、酸化バリウム、酸化マグネシウム、酸化アルミニウム等)、硫酸塩(例えば、硫酸ナトリウム、硫酸カルシウム、硫酸マグネシウム、硫酸コバルト等)、金属ハロゲン化物(例えば、塩化カルシウム、塩化マグネシウム、フッ化セシウム、フッ化タンタル、臭化セリウム、臭化マグネシウム、ヨウ化バリウム、ヨウ化マグネシウム等)、過塩素酸類(例えば、過塩素酸バリウム、過塩素酸マグネシウム等)等が挙げられ、硫酸塩、金属ハロゲン化物及び過塩素酸類においては無水塩が好適に用いられる。
有機層を挟み支持基板と対向する側の前記封止膜、又は前記封止用フィルムの外側に、素子の機械的強度を高めるために保護膜、又は保護板を設けてもよい。特に封止が前記封止膜により行われている場合には、その機械的強度は必ずしも高くないため、このような保護膜、保護板を設けることが好ましい。これに使用することができる材料としては、前記封止に用いたのと同様なガラス板、ポリマー板・フィルム、金属板・フィルム等を用いることができるが、軽量かつ薄膜化ということからポリマーフィルムを用いることが好ましい。
有機EL素子は空気よりも屈折率の高い(屈折率が1.7~2.1程度)層の内部で発光し、発光層で発生した光のうち15~20%程度の光しか取り出せないことが一般的に言われている。これは、臨界角以上の角度θで界面(透明基板と空気との界面)に入射する光は、全反射を起こし素子外部に取り出すことができないことや、透明電極ないし発光層と透明基板との間で光が全反射を起こし、光が透明電極ないし発光層を導波し、結果として光が素子側面方向に逃げるためである。
本発明はこれらの手段を組み合わせることにより、さらに高輝度又は耐久性に優れた素子を得ることができる。
低屈折率層としては、例えば、エアロゲル、多孔質シリカ、フッ化マグネシウム、フッ素系ポリマー等が挙げられる。透明基板の屈折率は一般に1.5~1.7程度であるので、低屈折率層は屈折率がおよそ1.5以下であることが好ましい。また、さらに1.35以下であることが好ましい。
また、低屈折率媒質の厚さは媒質中の波長の2倍以上となるのが望ましい。これは低屈折率媒質の厚さが、光の波長程度になってエバネッセントで染み出した電磁波が基板内に入り込む膜厚になると、低屈折率層の効果が薄れるからである。
しかしながら、屈折率分布を二次元的な分布にすることにより、あらゆる方向に進む光が回折され、光の取り出し効率が上がる。
このとき、回折格子の周期は媒質中の光の波長の約1/2~3倍程度が好ましい。
回折格子の配列は、正方形のラチス状、三角形のラチス状、ハニカムラチス状等、二次元的に配列が繰り返されることが好ましい。
本発明の有機EL素子は、基板の光取り出し側に、例えば、マイクロレンズアレイ状の構造を設けるように加工したり、又はいわゆる集光シートと組み合わせることにより、特定方向、例えば、素子発光面に対し正面方向に集光することにより、特定方向上の輝度を高めることができる。
マイクロレンズアレイの例としては、基板の光取り出し側に一辺が30μmでその頂角が90度となるような四角錐を二次元に配列する。一辺は10~100μmの範囲内が好ましい。これより小さくなると回折の効果が発生して色付く、大きすぎると厚さが厚くなり好ましくない。
プリズムシートの形状としては、例えば、基材に頂角90度、ピッチ50μmの△状のストライプが形成されたものであってもよいし、頂角が丸みを帯びた形状、ピッチをランダムに変化させた形状、その他の形状であってもよい。
また、発光素子からの光放射角を制御するために、光拡散板・フィルムを集光シートと併用してもよい。例えば、(株)きもと製拡散フィルム(ライトアップ)等を用いることができる。
本発明の有機EL素子は、電子デバイス、表示装置、ディスプレイ、各種発光装置として用いることができる。発光装置として、例えば、照明装置(家庭用照明、車内照明)、時計や液晶用バックライト、看板広告、信号機、光記憶媒体の光源、電子写真複写機の光源、光通信処理機の光源、光センサーの光源等が挙げられるがこれに限定するものではないが、特に液晶表示装置のバックライト、照明用光源としての用途に有効に用いることができる。
また、本発明の有機EL素子が白色素子の場合には、白色とは、2度視野角正面輝度を上記方法により測定した際に、1000cd/m2でのCIE1931表色系における色度がX=0.33±0.07、Y=0.33±0.1の領域内にあることをいう。
本発明の有機EL素子は、表示装置に用いることができる。本発明において、表示装置は単色でも多色でもよいが、ここでは多色表示装置について説明する。
多色表示装置の場合は、発光層形成時のみシャドーマスクを設け、一面に蒸着法、キャスト法、スピンコート法、インクジェット法、印刷法等で膜を形成できる。
発光層のみパターニングを行う場合、その方法に限定はないが、好ましくは蒸着法、インクジェット法、スピンコート法、印刷法である。
また、有機EL素子の製造方法は、上記の本発明の有機EL素子の製造の一態様に示したとおりである。
このようにして得られた多色表示装置に直流電圧を印加する場合には、陽極を+、陰極を-の極性として電圧2~40V程度を印加すると発光が観測できる。また、逆の極性で電圧を印加しても電流は流れずに発光は全く生じない。さらに、交流電圧を印加する場合には、陽極が+、陰極が-の状態になったときのみ発光する。なお、印加する交流の波形は任意でよい。
表示デバイス、ディスプレイとしては、テレビ、パソコン、モバイル機器、AV機器、文字放送表示、自動車内の情報表示等が挙げられる。特に静止画像や動画像を再生する表示装置として使用してもよく、動画再生用の表示装置として使用する場合の駆動方式は単純マトリクス(パッシブマトリクス)方式でもアクティブマトリクス方式でもどちらでもよい。
発光光源としては家庭用照明、車内照明、時計や液晶用のバックライト、看板広告、信号機、光記憶媒体の光源、電子写真複写機の光源、光通信処理機の光源、光センサーの光源等が挙げられるが、本発明はこれらに限定されない。
図1は、有機EL素子から構成される表示装置の一例を示した模式図である。有機EL素子の発光により画像情報の表示を行う、例えば、携帯電話等のディスプレイの模式図である。
制御部Bは表示部Aと配線部Cを介して電気的に接続され、複数の画素それぞれに外部からの画像情報に基づいて走査信号と画像データ信号を送り、走査信号により走査線ごとの画素が画像データ信号に応じて順次発光して画像走査を行って画像情報を表示部Aに表示する。
表示部Aは、基板上に、複数の走査線5及びデータ線6を含む配線部Cと複数の画素3等とを有する。表示部Aの主要な部材の説明を以下に行う。
図2においては、画素3の発光した光(発光光L)が白矢印方向(下方向)へ取り出される場合を示している。
画素3は、走査線5から走査信号が印加されると、データ線6から画像データ信号を受け取り、受け取った画像データに応じて発光する。
発光の色が赤領域の画素、緑領域の画素、青領域の画素を適宜同一基板上に並置することによって、フルカラー表示が可能となる。
画素は、有機EL素子10、スイッチングトランジスタ11、駆動トランジスタ12、コンデンサー13等を備えている。複数の画素に有機EL素子10として、赤色、緑色及び青色発光の有機EL素子を用い、これらを同一基板上に並置することでフルカラー表示を行うことができる。
すなわち、有機EL素子10の発光は、複数の画素それぞれの有機EL素子10に対して、アクティブ素子であるスイッチングトランジスタ11と駆動トランジスタ12を設けて、複数の画素3それぞれの有機EL素子10の発光を行っている。このような発光方法をアクティブマトリクス方式と呼んでいる。
本発明においては、上述したアクティブマトリクス方式に限らず、走査信号が走査されたときのみデータ信号に応じて有機EL素子を発光させるパッシブマトリクス方式の発光駆動でもよい。
順次走査により走査線5の走査信号が印加されたとき、印加された走査線5に接続している画素3が画像データ信号に応じて発光する。
パッシブマトリクス方式では画素3にアクティブ素子が無く、製造コストの低減が計れる。
本発明の有機EL素子を用いることにより、発光効率が向上した表示装置が得られた。
本発明の有機EL素子は、照明装置に用いることが好ましい。
本発明の有機EL素子は、共振器構造を持たせた有機EL素子として用いてもよい。このような共振器構造を有した有機EL素子の使用目的としては、光記憶媒体の光源、電子写真複写機の光源、光通信処理機の光源、光センサーの光源等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。また、レーザー発振をさせることにより上記用途に使用してもよい。
また、本発明の有機EL素子は、照明用や露光光源のような1種のランプとして使用してもよいし、画像を投影するタイプのプロジェクション装置や、静止画像や動画像を直接視認するタイプの表示装置(ディスプレイ)として使用してもよい。
動画再生用の表示装置として使用する場合の駆動方式は、パッシブマトリクス方式でもアクティブマトリクス方式でもどちらでもよい。又は、異なる発光色を有する本発明の有機EL素子を2種以上使用することにより、フルカラー表示装置を作製することが可能である。
この方法によれば、複数色の発光素子をアレー状に並列配置した白色有機EL装置と異なり、素子自体が発光白色である。
本発明の有機EL素子を具備した、本発明の照明装置の一態様について説明する。
本発明の有機EL素子の非発光面をガラスケースで覆い、厚さ300μmのガラス基板を封止用基板として用いて、周囲にシール材として、エポキシ系光硬化型接着剤(東亞合成社製ラックストラックLC0629B)を適用し、これを陰極上に重ねて透明支持基板と密着させ、ガラス基板側からUV光を照射して、硬化させて、封止し、図5及び図6に示すような照明装置を形成することができる。
図5は、照明装置の概略図を示し、本発明の有機EL素子(照明装置内の有機EL素子101)はガラスカバー102で覆われている(なお、ガラスカバーでの封止作業は、照明装置内の有機EL素子101を大気に接触させることなく窒素雰囲気下のグローブボックス(純度99.999%以上の高純度窒素ガスの雰囲気下)で行った。)。
図6は、照明装置の断面図を示し、図6において、105は陰極、106は有機層、107は透明電極付きガラス基板を示す。なお、ガラスカバー102内には窒素ガス108が充填され、捕水剤109が設けられている。
本発明の有機EL素子を用いることにより、発光効率が向上した照明装置が得られた。
<有機EL素子1-1の作製>
陽極として100mm×100mm×1.1mmのガラス基板上にITO(インジウムチンオキシド)を100nm成膜した基板(NHテクノグラス社製NA45)にパターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極を設けた透明支持基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。
この透明支持基板上に、ポリ(3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン)-ポリスチレンスルホネート(PEDOT/PSS、Bayer社製、Baytron P Al 4083)を純水で70%に希釈した溶液を用いて3000rpm、30秒の条件下、スピンコート法により薄膜を形成した後、200℃にて1時間乾燥し、層厚20nmの正孔注入層を設けた。
次いで、真空槽を4×10-4Paまで減圧した後、α-NPDの入った前記加熱ボートに通電して加熱し、蒸着速度0.1nm/秒で、前記正孔注入層上に蒸着し30nmの正孔輸送層を設けた。
さらに、BCPの入った前記加熱ボートに通電して加熱し、蒸着速度0.1nm/秒で、前記発光層上に蒸着し30nmの電子輸送層を設けた。
引き続き、陰極バッファー層としてフッ化リチウム0.5nmを蒸着し、さらに、アルミニウム110nmを蒸着して陰極を形成し、有機EL素子1-1を作製した。
有機EL素子1-1の作製において、発光層におけるホスト化合物を下記表1に記載の化合物に変更した。それ以外は同様にして、有機EL素子1-2~1-24をそれぞれ作製した。
なお、表1に示す比較化合物1及び比較化合物2は、以下に示す化合物である。
<初期駆動電圧>
有機EL素子を室温(約23℃)、2.5mA/cm2の定電流条件下で駆動したときの電圧を各々測定し、測定結果を下記に示すように、有機EL素子1-1を100として各々相対値で示した。
電圧=(各素子の駆動電圧/有機EL素子1-1の駆動電圧)×100
なお、値が小さい方が比較に対して駆動電圧が低いことを示す。
「薄膜の評価ハンドブック」テクノシステム社刊423~425ページに記載の測定方法を参考に、Solartron社製1260型インピーダンスアナライザ及び1296型誘電体インターフェイスを使って、作製した有機EL素子の発光層の抵抗値の測定を行った。
駆動前後の抵抗値の変化率=|(駆動後の抵抗値/駆動前の抵抗値)-1|×100
値が0に近い方が駆動前後の変化率が小さいことを示す。すなわち、駆動時の電圧上昇が小さいことを示す。
有機EL素子を室温(約23℃)、2.5mA/cm2の定電流条件下による点灯を行い、点灯開始直後の発光輝度[cd/m2]を測定することにより、外部取り出し量子効率(η)(発光効率)を算出した。ここで、発光輝度の測定はCS-1000(コニカミノルタ社製)を用いて行い、外部取り出し量子効率は、有機EL素子1-1を100とする相対値で表した。
<初期駆動電圧・抵抗値の変化率・発光効率>
初期駆動電圧、抵抗値の変化率(インピーダンス分光による有機EL素子の発光層の抵抗値の変化率)及び発光効率については、実施例1と同様に測定し、有機EL素子2-1を基準とする相対値で表した。
石英基板上に、ホスト化合物とドーパント(D-36)の共蒸着膜を作成(それぞれ蒸着速度0.1nm/秒、0.010nm/秒、40nm)し、非発光面をガラスケースで覆い、厚さ300μmのガラス基板を封止用基板として用いて、周囲にシール材として、エポキシ系光硬化型接着剤(東亞合成社製ラックストラックLC0629B)を適用し、これを陰極上に重ねて透明支持基板と密着させ、ガラス基板側からUV光を照射して、硬化させて、封止した。この発光層単層の膜に、UV-LED(5W/cm2)光源を20分照射した。なおこの時の光源とサンプルの距離は15mmとした。UV照射後のサンプルに2.5mA/cm2の定電流を印加し、発光直後の発光輝度を測定し、下記式を用いて輝度残存率を算出した。なお初期発光輝度は発光効率評価時の発光輝度(L0)である。
励起子安定性(%)=(UV20分後発光輝度)/(初期発光輝度(L0))×100
表2には有機EL素子2-1を100とする相対値で表した。輝度残存率の値が大きいほうが励起子安定性に優れていることを表し、本発明の有機EL素子の耐久性が比較例の有機EL素子よりも高いことがわかった。
3 画素
5 走査線
6 データ線
7 電源ライン
10 有機EL素子
11 スイッチングトランジスタ
12 駆動トランジスタ
13 コンデンサー
101 照明装置内の有機EL素子
102 ガラスカバー
105 陰極
106 有機層
107 透明電極付きガラス基板
108 窒素ガス
109 捕水剤
A 表示部
B 制御部
C 配線部
L 発光光
Claims (25)
- 下記一般式(1)で表される構造を有する化合物を含有することを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料。
[式中、R1は、シアノ基、CmF2m+1、又はSF5を表す。mは、1~18の整数を表す。R2は、カルバゾール環を構成する炭素原子上の水素原子のいずれかに代わって置換されたアルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、若しくはフッ化アルキル基を表す。R3は、水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、又はフッ化アルキル基を表す。nは、0~7の整数を表す。ただし、R2及びR3が、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、又はフッ化アルキル基を表すとき、当該R2及びR3のうち少なくとも1つは、下記一般式(2)で表される構造を有する。]
[式中、A1は、5員の複素環であり、5員の複素環は、さらに置換基を有してもよく、さらには、その置換基が環を形成してもよい。] - 前記一般式(1)で表される構造を有する化合物において、前記R2及び前記R3が、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、又はフッ化アルキル基を表すとき、当該R2及びR3のうち少なくとも1つは、前記一般式(2)で表される置換基を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料。
- 前記一般式(1)で表される構造を有する化合物において、前記R2及び前記R3が、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、又はフッ化アルキル基を表すとき、当該R2及びR3のうち少なくとも1つは、それ自体が前記一般式(2)で表される置換基を表すことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料。
- 前記一般式(1)で表される構造を有する化合物が、下記一般式(5)で表される構造を有する化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3までのいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料。
[式中、R1は、シアノ基又はCF3を表す。R2は、カルバゾール環を構成する炭素原子上の水素原子のいずれかに代わって置換されたアルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、若しくはフッ化アルキル基を表す。R3は、水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、又はフッ化アルキル基を表す。nは、0~6の整数を表す。A1は、5員の複素環であり、5員の複素環は、さらに置換基を有してもよく、さらには、その置換基が環を形成してもよい。] - 前記一般式(1)で表される構造を有する化合物が、下記一般式(6)で表される構造を有する化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3までのいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料。
[式中、R1は、シアノ基又はCF3を表す。R2は、カルバゾール環を構成する炭素原子上の水素原子のいずれかに代わって置換されたアルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、若しくはフッ化アルキル基を表す。R3は、水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、又はフッ化アルキル基を表す。nは、0~6の整数を表す。A1は、5員の複素環であり、5員の複素環は、さらに置換基を有してもよく、さらには、その置換基が環を形成してもよい。] - 前記一般式(2)におけるA1が、フラン環、チオフェン環、ピロール環、インドール環、ベンゾフラン環、ベンゾチオフェン環、ピラゾール環、イミダゾール環、トリアゾール環、オキサゾール環、又はチアゾール環であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項7までのいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料。
- 前記一般式(1)で表される構造を有する化合物のリン光スペクトルにおける0-0遷移バンドの発光極大波長が、450nm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項8までのいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料。
- 前記一般式(2)で表される構造を有する置換基の縮合環に対応する化合物のLUMO準位が、カルバゾールのLUMO準位より低いことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項9までのいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料。
- 前記一般式(1)で表される構造を有する化合物が、下記一般式(7)で表される構造を有する化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料。
[式中、R1は、シアノ基、CmF2m+1、又はSF5を表す。mは、1~18の整数を表す。R2は、カルバゾール環を構成する炭素原子上の水素原子のいずれかに代わって置換されたアルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、若しくはフッ化アルキル基を表す。R3は、水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、又はフッ化アルキル基を表す。nは、0~6の整数を表す。ただし、R2及びR3が、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、又はフッ化アルキル基を表すとき、当該R2及びR3のうち少なくとも1つは、前記一般式(2)で表される構造を有する。] - 前記一般式(1)で表される構造を有する化合物が、下記一般式(14)で表される構造を有する化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料。
[式中、R1は、シアノ基、CmF2m+1、又はSF5を表す。mは、1~18の整数を表す。R2は、カルバゾール環を構成する炭素原子上の水素原子のいずれかに代わって置換されたアルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、若しくはフッ化アルキル基を表す。R3は、水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、又はフッ化アルキル基を表す。R4は、ジベンゾフラン環を表す。nは、0~6の整数を表す。ただし、R2及びR3が、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、又はフッ化アルキル基を表すとき、当該R2及びR3のうち少なくとも1つは、前記一般式(2)で表される構造を有する。] - 請求項1から請求項20までのいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料を含有することを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 青色発光することを特徴とする請求項21に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 白色発光することを特徴とする請求項21に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 請求項21から請求項23までのいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を具備したことを特徴とする表示装置。
- 請求項21から請求項23までのいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を具備したことを特徴とする照明装置。
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| US15/562,731 US20180072945A1 (en) | 2015-04-27 | 2016-04-18 | Material for organic electroluminescent elements, organic electroluminescent element, display device and lighting device |
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| US11700767B2 (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2023-07-11 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Condensed cyclic compound, composition including the condensed cyclic compound, and organic light-emitting device including the composition |
| JP2024036386A (ja) * | 2021-07-05 | 2024-03-15 | ドク サン ネオルクス カンパニー リミテッド | 有機電子素子用化合物、それを用いた有機電子素子及びその電子装置 |
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| US12180177B2 (en) | 2018-07-09 | 2024-12-31 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Compound and organic light emitting diode comprising same |
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- 2016-04-18 KR KR1020217030407A patent/KR102426959B1/ko active Active
- 2016-04-18 KR KR1020207029570A patent/KR102307090B1/ko active Active
- 2016-04-18 JP JP2017515487A patent/JP6677246B2/ja active Active
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| JP2019108315A (ja) * | 2017-12-20 | 2019-07-04 | 三星電子株式会社Samsung Electronics Co.,Ltd. | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用化合物、液状組成物、インク組成物、薄膜、及び有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 |
| JP7145608B2 (ja) | 2017-12-20 | 2022-10-03 | 三星電子株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用化合物、液状組成物、インク組成物、薄膜、及び有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 |
| US11700767B2 (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2023-07-11 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Condensed cyclic compound, composition including the condensed cyclic compound, and organic light-emitting device including the composition |
| JP2024036386A (ja) * | 2021-07-05 | 2024-03-15 | ドク サン ネオルクス カンパニー リミテッド | 有機電子素子用化合物、それを用いた有機電子素子及びその電子装置 |
| WO2024228557A1 (ko) * | 2023-05-04 | 2024-11-07 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 유기화합물 및 이를 포함하는 유기 발광 소자 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20170131537A (ko) | 2017-11-29 |
| KR20200121384A (ko) | 2020-10-23 |
| CN107534092B (zh) | 2020-04-28 |
| US20180072945A1 (en) | 2018-03-15 |
| JP6677246B2 (ja) | 2020-04-08 |
| CN107534092A (zh) | 2018-01-02 |
| JPWO2016175068A1 (ja) | 2018-03-15 |
| KR102168778B1 (ko) | 2020-10-22 |
| KR102307090B1 (ko) | 2021-10-01 |
| KR20210118975A (ko) | 2021-10-01 |
| KR102426959B1 (ko) | 2022-08-01 |
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