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WO2016166914A1 - Two-dimensional code, two-dimensional code record carrier, method for reading two-dimensional code, program for reading two-dimensional code, and device for reading two-dimensional code - Google Patents

Two-dimensional code, two-dimensional code record carrier, method for reading two-dimensional code, program for reading two-dimensional code, and device for reading two-dimensional code Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016166914A1
WO2016166914A1 PCT/JP2015/082193 JP2015082193W WO2016166914A1 WO 2016166914 A1 WO2016166914 A1 WO 2016166914A1 JP 2015082193 W JP2015082193 W JP 2015082193W WO 2016166914 A1 WO2016166914 A1 WO 2016166914A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data
dimensional code
unit
broken line
frame pattern
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PCT/JP2015/082193
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
健三 山梨
浩三 黒岩
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健三 山梨
浩三 黒岩
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Application filed by 健三 山梨, 浩三 黒岩 filed Critical 健三 山梨
Publication of WO2016166914A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016166914A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/14—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation using light without selection of wavelength, e.g. sensing reflected white light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a two-dimensional code in which, for example, black-and-white light and dark data is recorded in units of cells in rows and columns of a rectangular unit.
  • the two-dimensional code is recorded in a manner that can be photographed on various products, print media, web screens, signboards, outdoor facilities, air tickets, voting tickets, admission tickets, and tickets, etc. , Binary data in each direction of rows and columns to explain related information.
  • the recording area of the two-dimensional code is small, it is desirable to increase the information recording density there to enhance the ability to transmit information from this small recording area.
  • the present invention responds to such a demand. is there.
  • the square frame pattern of the two-dimensional code has a solid line projection (inward projection) in an inward vertical manner on each of the two adjacent first and second sides.
  • the remaining two sides facing the first and second two sides are provided with solid line projections (outward projections) in the outward vertical mode.
  • the solid line projections in the inward vertical mode formed outside the data area inside the rectangular frame pattern, together with the outward projections, are each composed of a plurality of cells, for cutting out and positioning each unit in the matrix mode, etc. It is used as standard information.
  • the inward projection or the like has a function for cutting out and positioning a data area.
  • the capacity of information recording in the entire data area is increased.
  • the rectangular frame pattern is formed by a broken line, and the broken line portion of the broken line is caused to act as a portion corresponding to the above-described inwardly protruding portion, thereby two-dimensionally having a rectangular frame pattern of the same size.
  • the purpose is to further increase the capacity of the code data area.
  • a rectangular unit for example, a unit 2a described later
  • a data area for example, a data area 2 described later
  • a square-shaped broken line frame pattern (for example, a broken line frame pattern 3 described later) composed of parallel broken lines in the row direction and the column direction that are recorded and optically read so as to surround the data region,
  • Each of the parallel broken lines constituting the broken line frame pattern is
  • the longitudinal direction line segment for example, the longitudinal direction line segment 3a described later
  • An opposing unit cut portion for example, a “white” unit cut portion 3b described later
  • An origin break portion indicating the origin of the unit (for example,
  • the origin cut portion is One of the four corners of the broken line frame pattern is a specific corner portion recorded by light and dark data different from the other three corners, The thing of a structure aspect is used.
  • the data area is Inside the broken line frame pattern, inner photo information (for example, inner photo information 4 described later) instead of the brightness data is recorded in units of the unit. The thing of a structure aspect is used.
  • the data area is In that part, another two-dimensional code with different density is recorded, The thing of a structure aspect is used.
  • a two-dimensional code record carrier having a configuration in which the two-dimensional code according to any one of (1) to (4) is recorded is used.
  • Image data binarization means for converting the image data of the photographed two-dimensional code into binary data; By scanning the binary data, first to fourth side data corresponding to each side of the broken line frame pattern composed of the longitudinal line segments are obtained, Based on the first to fourth side data, first to fourth intersection position data corresponding to each intersection of each side are obtained, Based on the first to fourth intersection position data and the binary data, one of the intersections is set as the origin of the broken line frame pattern.
  • a broken line frame pattern specifying means Based on the first to fourth side data and the binary data, the unit break part of each side is searched to obtain the break position data, An imaginary straight line connecting the first unit break portions in the opposite state of the two sides in the row direction and the second unit break portions in the opposite state of the two sides in the column direction based on the break position data.
  • Unit range specifying means To specify each range of the plurality of units individually, Unit range specifying means, and The thing of a structure aspect is used.
  • the broken line frame pattern specifying means includes Among a plurality of reaching points obtained by the scanning process to the longitudinal line segment or a portion having light and dark data similar to this line segment, a reaching point at a position outside the predetermined range corresponding to the whole of each side is determined. Thinning out the first to fourth edge data from the specific arrival points, The thing of a structure aspect is used.
  • the present invention is directed to a two-dimensional code, a two-dimensional code record carrier, a two-dimensional code reading method, a two-dimensional code reading program, and a two-dimensional code reading device having such a configuration.
  • the present invention has an effect that the capacity of the data area of the two-dimensional code having the same size rectangular frame pattern can be further increased by the above problem solving means.
  • FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing an error arrival point (a black cell arrival point in the data area) after passing through a unit break portion of the broken line frame pattern among the black cell arrival points obtained by scanning in FIG. 8. It is explanatory drawing which shows the outline
  • 1 is a two-dimensional code consisting of black and white light and dark portions optically read by various photographing devices, and having a rectangular or square overall space;
  • 2 is a content information recording portion constituting the two-dimensional code 1, which is a rectangular or square data area,
  • Reference numeral 2a denotes a square portion as a unit of so-called black and white / brightness / darkness information in the data area 2.
  • 2b is a minimum unit element for recording the content information constituting the unit 2a.
  • 3 is a data area outer frame portion constituting the two-dimensional code 1, and is a rectangular broken line frame pattern recorded in a shape surrounding the data area 2 by the double width of the cell 2b
  • 3a is composed of “black” line segments constituting the four sides of the broken line frame pattern 3 and is formed in the same pitch length / position mode corresponding to the size of the unit 2a in the row / column direction, and has a width twice that of the cell 2b.
  • a longitudinal line segment, Reference numeral 3b denotes a “white” unit break portion formed as a space corresponding to four (2 rows ⁇ 2 columns) cells 2b on both sides of each longitudinal line segment 3a (referred to as a “timing cell” if necessary).
  • 3c is the upper side of the broken line frame in the illustrated row direction obtained by the contour search process described later for the broken line frame pattern 3
  • 3d is a broken line frame right side 3e in the illustrated column direction similarly obtained by the outline search process, and a broken line frame lower side in the illustrated row direction is also obtained by the outline search process.
  • 3f is the left side of the broken line frame in the illustrated column direction, which is also obtained by the outer shape search process
  • 3g is a “white” origin break portion composed of four (2 rows ⁇ 2 columns) cells indicating the lower right end portion of the broken line frame pattern 3 (intersection of the right side 3d of the broken line frame and the lower side 3e of the broken line frame)
  • 3h, 3j and 3k are respectively the upper left end portion (intersection of the upper side 3c of the broken line frame and the left side 3f of the broken line frame), the upper right end portion (intersection of the upper side 3d of the broken line frame and the right side 3d of the broken line frame) and the lower left end.
  • “Black” corner portion indicating a portion (intersection of the lower side 3e of the broken line frame and the left side 3f of the broken line frame), Respectively.
  • 4 is a black and white / light / dark range in a total of 36 units of “6 rows ⁇ 6 columns” in the inner central part of the data area 2 (see FIG. 3) consisting of 100 units 2a of “10 rows ⁇ 10 columns”.
  • 5 is a record carrier (such as a card or sheet) that can be used as a business card, identification card, etc., by recording a two-dimensional code 1 having a total of 36 units 2a of “6 rows ⁇ 6 columns” and a photograph side by side.
  • 6 is the outer photo information recorded side by side in the same size as the entire range of the 36 units 2a in the upper part of the broken line frame of the two-dimensional code 1 (broken line frame pattern 3) of the record carrier 5; 7 is a so-called hybrid two-dimensional code in which a total of 66 units of “3 rows ⁇ 22 columns” are recorded in the area corresponding to the second row of the two-dimensional code 1 of “3 rows ⁇ 5 columns” in FIG. reference), 7a is a pair of upper and lower coarse density two-dimensional codes comprising five units (a total of ten units) 2a, similar to the first and third lines of the two-dimensional code 1 of FIG.
  • 7b is recorded between a pair of upper and lower coarse density two-dimensional codes 7a and 7a, and consists of a total of 66 small area units of “3 rows ⁇ 22 columns” each having the same number of cells as unit 2a.
  • Dimension code, 7c has the same type of configuration as the broken line frame pattern 3 of FIGS. 1 and 2, and the positional / width relationship with the cell of the high-density two-dimensional code 7b is set to the same state as the broken line frame pattern 3 and the cell 2b.
  • Each of the rectangular high-density broken line frame patterns is shown.
  • A is a scan line in the ascending order of the horizontal axis and the ascending order of the vertical direction when searching for the upper side 3c of the broken line frame
  • B is a scan line in the ascending order of the vertical axis and the descending order of the horizontal direction when searching for the right side 3d of the broken line frame
  • C is a scan line in descending order on the horizontal axis and descending in the vertical direction when searching for the lower side 3e of the broken line frame
  • D is a scan line in the descending order of the vertical axis and the ascending direction of the horizontal direction when searching for the left side 3f of the broken line frame
  • Scan lines A, B, C, and D perform shift operations such as ascending order on the horizontal axis, ascending order on the vertical axis, descending order on the horizontal axis, and descending order on the vertical axis at a constant pitch.
  • P1 is a total of 20 upper side arrival points specified by the outline search process in scan line A
  • P2 to P5 pass through the “white” unit break (timing cell) 3b to reach the “black” cell in the data area 2 during the outline search process on the scan line A, and then perform the merge process (FIG. 9A). , (See FIG.
  • P6 is a unit left and right / partition portion in the left-right direction composed of “white” unit cut portions 3b on the broken line frame upper side 3c and the broken line frame lower side 3e
  • P7 is a vertically arranged unit upper / lower / partition portion composed of “white” unit cut portions 3b on the right side 3d and the left side 3f of the broken line frame
  • L1 is a vertical imaginary straight line for setting unit boundaries in the form of connecting the center points in the left and right direction of the opposing unit left and right / partition portions P6
  • L2 is an imaginary straight line for setting unit boundaries in the form of connecting the vertical center points of the opposing unit vertical / partition portions P7, Respectively.
  • FIG. 8 is a camera for photographing the two-dimensional code 1
  • 9 is a processor for reproducing the contents of the two-dimensional code 1 based on the image data photographed by the camera 8
  • 9a is an image data binarization means for converting the photographed image data of the two-dimensional code 1 into binary data
  • 9b shows the four sides 3c to 3f of the broken line frame pattern 3 made up of the longitudinal direction line segments 3a and four intersections of these sides by the processing procedures of FIGS. 8, 9A and 9B such as scanning binary data of the two-dimensional code 1.
  • 9c is a unit range specifying means for searching for the “white” unit cut portion 3b on each of the four sides 3c to 3f and setting the vertical virtual straight line L1 and the horizontal virtual straight line L2.
  • 9d is a unit content reproducing means for converting each unit 2a into a format that can be recognized by the user and displaying and outputting it on the two-dimensional code output device 10 described later.
  • 9e is a work area that acts as a work area for the processor
  • 9f is a main storage memory for binarizing the photographing data of the two-dimensional code 1 and storing an application program for specifying a broken line frame pattern and a unit range
  • 10 is a two-dimensional code output device that displays and outputs the processing results of the processor 9, that is, displays, reproduces, and outputs the contents of the two-dimensional code 1 restored from the captured data.
  • a plurality of units 2a are composed of a data area 2 recorded in a two-dimensional matrix and a broken line frame pattern 3 recorded in a rectangular shape surrounding the data area 2.
  • One of the four corners of the broken line frame pattern 3 is the origin of the two-dimensional code coordinate system,
  • the unit cut portion 3b of the broken line frame pattern 3 is used as a reference portion for cutting out the unit 2a, that is, the inward projection for cutting out the unit 2a from the data area 2 is not provided in the broken line frame pattern 3. , And so on.
  • the two-dimensional code of the present invention uses the “cut” itself inevitably set in the longitudinal direction of the broken line frame pattern 3 as a reference portion for cutting out the unit 2a from the data area 2. This reference part for cutting is not newly set.
  • each two-dimensional matrix-like unit 2a is cut out based on the “cut” in the longitudinal direction of the broken line frame pattern, thereby expanding the internal data area 2 with respect to the broken line frame pattern 3 of an arbitrary size. ing.
  • the broken line frame pattern 3 and the cell 2b in the captured image are clear. Are distinguished.
  • the unit arrangement of the illustrated two-dimensional code is, for example, ⁇ "3 rows x 5 columns" in FIGS. 1, 2, 6A, 6B, and 7 ⁇ "10 rows x 10 columns” in Figure 3 ⁇ "6 rows x 6 columns” in Fig. 4 ⁇ "3 rows x 22 columns” in Fig. 5 (high-density two-dimensional code 7b) Etc.
  • the single unit 2a is an aggregate of a total of 81 square cells 2b of “9 rows ⁇ 9 columns”.
  • the single unit 2a is an aggregate of a total of 81 square cells 2b of “9 rows ⁇ 9 columns”.
  • cells 2b constitute one unit.
  • a unit including cells 8b of “8 rows ⁇ 16 columns” is also practical.
  • the unit 2a has a single unit that is adjacent to the adjacent vertical imaginary straight line L1 passing through the center of the “white” unit cut portion 3b formed on both sides of the longitudinal line segment 3a in the vertical and horizontal directions. This is an area specified by the left-right virtual straight line L2.
  • the unit 2a in the dotted line part of FIG. A cell through which a vertical imaginary straight line L1 on the left side of the figure and a horizontal imaginary straight line L2 on the upper side of the figure pass respectively.
  • the two-dimensional code 1 in FIG. 3 consists of units of “10 rows ⁇ 10 columns” in form, and the inner photo information 4 is recorded in the unit corresponding area of “6 rows ⁇ 6 columns” in the center of the two-dimensional code. Yes. It is a two-dimensional code with a photo.
  • the overall size of the square outer photograph information 6 is set with the lower unit 2a as a basic unit.
  • the hybrid two-dimensional code 7 shown in FIG. 5 has a rough density two-dimensional code 7a recorded in the top row and the bottom row of the approximate “3 rows ⁇ 5 columns”, respectively.
  • a 22-line high-density two-dimensional code 7b is recorded.
  • the coarse density two-dimensional code 7a is read by, for example, a smartphone, and the high density two-dimensional code 7b is read by a dedicated machine.
  • Smart phones and special purpose machines can identify the coarse density two-dimensional code 7a and the high density two-dimensional code 7b in the hybrid two-dimensional code 7 by reading the basic information of the two-dimensional code 7.
  • this “black” change point is determined as the “side arrival point”. May be.
  • the predetermined value at this time for example, a square-shaped “one-fold” length of one side length of the single cell 2b is used.
  • FIG. 7 shows edge arrival corresponding points when it is initially determined that the movement reaches the “dashed line upper side 3c” by the method (35).
  • the side arrival corresponding points include a total of 20 upper side arrival points P1 that have reached the upper side 3c of the broken line frame, and a total of four error arrival points P2 to P5 that have passed the timing cell 3b and reached the cell 2b in the data area 2. It is made up of. Error arrival points P2 to P5 are thinning target points in the merge processing of FIGS. 9A and 9B.
  • FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of the reading procedure of the two-dimensional code 1 (the reading procedure of the coarse density two-dimensional code 7a and the high-density two-dimensional code 7b is also the same).
  • the procedure for reading the two-dimensional code 1 is roughly as follows.
  • the two-dimensional code 1 is photographed by an imaging means such as a camera and the image data is stored in the main memory 9f.
  • This image data is binarized and stored in the main memory 9f.
  • the outer shape of the longitudinal line segment 3a (dashed line frame pattern 3) is searched by the scan processing of FIGS. 6A and 6B for this binary data.
  • the equations in the coordinate systems of FIGS. 6A and 6B of the four sides 3c, 3d, 3e, and 3f of the broken line frame pattern 3 are obtained by operations such as the least square method, Each intersection (vertex of broken line frame pattern 3) is calculated.
  • the unit 2a set in step (s17) has a grid-like intersection as a vertex (corner point). For example, in the case of the data area 2 of FIGS. 1, 2, 6A, 6B and 7, it is divided into 15 units 2a of “3 rows ⁇ 5 columns”.
  • 9A and 9B show an outline of search point merging processing used in the two-dimensional code outline search in step (s13) of FIG.
  • the “search point” is a broken line such as P2 to P5 corresponding to the four side arrival points such as the upper side arrival point P1 obtained by the scanning processing of FIGS. 6A and 6B and the “black” cell that has passed through the timing cell 3b. This is the cell arrival point within the frame.
  • the cell arrival points P2 to P5 within the broken line frame are not edge arrival points such as the upper side arrival point P1 that is originally necessary for the outline search (four side search) of the broken line frame pattern 3. That is, P2 to P5 are nothing but unnecessary data when the longitudinal line segment 3a corresponding to the four sides of the broken line frame pattern 3 is obtained.
  • 9A and 9B show a merge processing procedure for thinning out the unnecessary data P2 to P5 from the arrival point of the longitudinal line segment 3a.
  • This thinning target is not the corresponding four sides of the broken line frame pattern 3, but the cell arrival point in the broken line frame of the data area 2.
  • 9A and 9B are used to calculate the four sides 3c, 3d, 3e, and 3f of the broken line frame pattern 3 in step (s14) in FIG.
  • the corresponding straight line of the longitudinal line segment 3a can be obtained by the least square method with respect to the remaining reaching point.
  • FIG. 10 shows a two-dimensional code reading device including a camera 8, a processor 9, a two-dimensional code output device 10, and the like.
  • the processor 9 includes image data binarizing means 9a, broken line frame pattern specifying means 9b, unit range specifying means 9c and unit content reproducing means 9d.
  • the image data binarization means 9a converts the image data of the two-dimensional code 1 photographed by the camera 8 into binary data.
  • the broken line frame pattern specifying unit 9b After performing scan processing on binary data and merge processing for each arrival point (four-side arrival points such as upper-side arrival point P1 + cell arrival points P2-P5 within the broken line frame) based on scan lines A to D, a broken line frame pattern 3 to obtain the first to fourth side data of each side 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f, Based on this side data, first to fourth intersection position data corresponding to each intersection of each side are obtained, Based on the first to fourth intersection position data and the binary data, the “white” origin break 3 g is set as the origin of the broken line frame pattern 3.
  • the unit range specifying means 9c Based on the first to fourth side data and the binary data, the timing cell of each side is searched for its position data, Based on this position data, a virtual straight line connecting the first timing cells in the opposite state of the two sides in the row direction and the second timing cell in the opposite state of the two sides in the column direction is set, Each range of the unit is identified individually.
  • the unit content reproducing means 9d executes the processes of steps (s18) to (s21) in FIG. 8 and displays the contents on the two-dimensional code output device 10.
  • an optical disk such as a CD-ROM or DVD is used.
  • various media such as a USB memory and a flash memory card, and online services such as a Web site and various application stores are used.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment.
  • a black background may be used, and the “white” portion and the “black” portion illustrated may be reversed.
  • a combination of colors such as a “red” portion and a “yellow” portion may be used as long as brightness and darkness can be clearly determined.
  • the array of cell rows and columns constituting the unit unit may be set to an arbitrary (m rows ⁇ n columns), and the data area of the two-dimensional code may be divided by a unit other than the above.
  • FIG. 1 Two-dimensional code 2: Data area 2a: Unit 2b: Cell (see FIG. 2) 3: Broken line frame pattern 3a: Longitudinal line segment 3b having a width twice that of cell 2b: “White” unit cut portion 3c: Upper side 3d of broken line frame in the illustrated row direction: Right side 3d of broken line frame in the illustrated column direction: In the illustrated row direction Lower side 3f of broken line frame: left side 3g of broken line frame in illustrated column direction: “white” origin cut portion 3h, 3j, 3k: “black” corner portion 4: inner photo information 5: record carrier (see FIG. 4) 6: Outside photograph information 7: Hybrid two-dimensional code (see FIG. 5) 7a: a pair of upper and lower coarse density two-dimensional code 7b: high density two-dimensional code 7c: high density broken line frame pattern
  • FIG. 6A, Fig. 6B, Fig. 7 A: Scanning line in ascending order of the horizontal axis and ascending order in the vertical direction for searching the upper side in the horizontal direction B: Scanning line in the ascending order of the vertical axis and descending in the horizontal direction for searching for the right side in the vertical direction C: Descending scan line D: Vertical left side search and vertical axis descending / horizontal ascending scan line P1: True upper side arrival points P2 to P5: Cell arrival point P6: Unit left / right / partition P7: Unit up / down / partition L1: Vertical virtual line L2: Horizontal virtual line

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Abstract

The present invention increases the capacity of the data area of a two-dimensional code having a square frame pattern. A two-dimensional code 1 is provided with a data area 2 in which a plurality of square units 2a composed of a plurality of light and dark data recorded in row and column cell units are disposed in the shape of a two-dimensional matrix, and a square-shaped broken-line frame pattern 3 in the form of enclosing this data area 2 and provided with unit break portions 3b and an origin break portion 3g. The origin break portion 3g is made to differentiate one of the four corners of the broken-line frame pattern 3 from the other three corners, allowing the origin of a two-dimensional code coordinate system to be specified thereby. The boundary between one unit 2a and another is specified by a virtual line linking the unit break portions 3b of the broken-line frame patter 3 facing each other. Since a protrusion or the like for specifying the boundary between one unit 2a and another is not disposed inward from the broken-line frame pattern 3, it is possible to enlarge the data area 2 in that area and increase the capacity thereof.

Description

二次元コード，二次元コード記録担体，二次元コード読取り方法，二次元コード読取用プログラムおよび二次元コード読取り装置Two-dimensional code, two-dimensional code record carrier, two-dimensional code reading method, two-dimensional code reading program, and two-dimensional code reading device
　本発明は、例えば白黒の明暗データが方形状ユニットの行および列のセル単位で記録された形の二次元コードなどに関する。 The present invention relates to a two-dimensional code in which, for example, black-and-white light and dark data is recorded in units of cells in rows and columns of a rectangular unit.
　二次元コードは、各種の商品，印刷媒体，ウェブ画面，看板，屋外施設，航空券，投票券，入場券や乗車券などの一部に撮影可能な態様で記録されて、記録対象それぞれの内容，関連情報などを説明する行，列の各方向へのバイナリーデータである。 The two-dimensional code is recorded in a manner that can be photographed on various products, print media, web screens, signboards, outdoor facilities, air tickets, voting tickets, admission tickets, and tickets, etc. , Binary data in each direction of rows and columns to explain related information.
　通常、二次元コードの記録エリアは小さいので、そこでの情報記録密度を少しでも高くしてこの小記録エリアからの情報発信能力を強化することが望ましく、本発明はこのような要請に応えるものである。 Usually, since the recording area of the two-dimensional code is small, it is desirable to increase the information recording density there to enhance the ability to transmit information from this small recording area. The present invention responds to such a demand. is there.
　従来、バイナリーデータを行，列のセル単位で記録したユニットが二次元マトリックス状に配設されるデータ領域と、これを取り囲む方形枠パターンと、を備えた二次元コードが提案されている（特許文献１参照）。 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a two-dimensional code including a data area in which units in which binary data is recorded in units of rows and columns is arranged in a two-dimensional matrix and a rectangular frame pattern surrounding the data area has been proposed (patent) Reference 1).
　この二次元コードの方形状枠パターンは、隣り合う第１，第２の二つの辺それぞれに内向き垂直態様の実線突起部（内向き突起部）を有している。なお、第１，第２の二つの辺と対向する残り二辺は外向き垂直態様の実線突起部（外向き突起部）を備えている。 The square frame pattern of the two-dimensional code has a solid line projection (inward projection) in an inward vertical manner on each of the two adjacent first and second sides. In addition, the remaining two sides facing the first and second two sides are provided with solid line projections (outward projections) in the outward vertical mode.
　この方形状枠パターンの内部でデータ領域の外側に形成された内向き垂直態様の実線突起部は、上記外向き突起部とともに、それぞれ複数セルからなってマトリックス態様の各ユニットの切出し用や位置決め用などの基準情報として用いられる。 The solid line projections in the inward vertical mode formed outside the data area inside the rectangular frame pattern, together with the outward projections, are each composed of a plurality of cells, for cutting out and positioning each unit in the matrix mode, etc. It is used as standard information.
特開２００２－２９８０７７号公報JP 2002-298077 A
　このように、従来の方形状枠パターンに内向き垂直態様の実線突起部を備えた二次元コードの場合、この内向き突起部などにデータ領域の切り出しおよび位置決めなどのための機能を持たせることにより、データ領域全体への情報記録の大容量化を図っている。 Thus, in the case of a two-dimensional code provided with a solid line projection in an inward vertical mode in a conventional rectangular frame pattern, the inward projection or the like has a function for cutting out and positioning a data area. Thus, the capacity of information recording in the entire data area is increased.
　ただデータ領域回りの方形状枠パターンは内向き垂直態様の実線突起部を備えているので、特許文献１の図２に示すように、この内向き突起部を含む枠パターン沿いの長方形部分が情報記録の対象外ゾーンとなる。 However, since the rectangular frame pattern around the data area has a solid line projection in an inward vertical mode, as shown in FIG. 2 of Patent Document 1, a rectangular portion along the frame pattern including the inward projection is information. It becomes a zone not subject to recording.
　すなわち、内向き突起部の存在により、任意の所定の大きさの方形状枠パターンに対してその内側の上記長方形部分が必然的にデータ領域の対象外に設定される。 That is, due to the presence of the inward projection, the rectangular portion inside the square frame pattern having an arbitrary predetermined size is inevitably set out of the data area.
　そこで本発明では、方形状枠パターンを破線で形成し、かつ、破線の切れ目部分を上述の内向き突起部に相当する部分として作用させ、これにより同じ大きさの方形状枠パターンを持つ二次元コードのデータ領域のさらなる大容量化を図ることを目的とする。 Therefore, in the present invention, the rectangular frame pattern is formed by a broken line, and the broken line portion of the broken line is caused to act as a portion corresponding to the above-described inwardly protruding portion, thereby two-dimensionally having a rectangular frame pattern of the same size. The purpose is to further increase the capacity of the code data area.
　本発明は、以上の課題を次のようにして解決する。
（１）光学的に読み取られて二値化処理される明暗データが行および列のセル単位で複数記録された方形状のユニット（例えば後述のユニット２ａ）と、
前記ユニットが二次元マトリックス状に複数配設されたデータ領域（例えば後述のデータ領域２）と、
前記データ領域を取り囲む形で記録されて光学的に読み取られる行方向および列方向の各平行破線からなる方形状の破線枠パターン（例えば後述の破線枠パターン３）と、を備え、
前記破線枠パターンを構成する前記各平行破線は、
前記ユニットの行方向および列方向のサイズに対応した長さからなり、内側への突起部を有していない対向状態の長手方向線分（例えば後述の長手方向線分３ａ）と、
前記長手方向線分それぞれの両端隣側に形成されてユニット境界を示す対向状態のユニット切れ目部分（例えば後述の「白」ユニット切れ目部分３ｂ）と、
前記ユニットの原点を示す原点切れ目部分（例えば後述の「白」原点切れ目部分３ｇ）と、を有し、
前記方形状のユニットは、
前記対向状態のユニット切れ目部分を結ぶ前記行方向および前記列方向それぞれの隣同士の仮想直線（例えば後述の上下方向仮想直線Ｌ１，左右方向仮想直線Ｌ２）により特定される、
構成態様の二次元コードを用いる。
（２）上記（１）において、
前記原点切れ目部分は、
前記破線枠パターンの四隅の一つを他の三隅とは異なる明暗データにより記録された特定隅部分である、
構成態様のものを用いる。
（３）上記（１），（２）において、
前記データ領域は、
前記破線枠パターンの枠内に、前記明暗データの代わりの内側写真情報（例えば後述の内側写真情報４）が前記ユニットの単位で記録されている、
構成態様のものを用いる。
（４）上記（１）乃至（３）のいずれかにおいて、
前記データ領域は、
その一部に、密度の異なる別の二次元コードが記録されている、
構成態様のものを用いる。
（５）上記（１）乃至（４）のいずれかに記載の二次元コードを記録した構成態様の二次元コード記録担体を用いる。
（６）上記（５）において、
前記破線枠パターンの枠外に外側写真情報（例えば後述の外側写真情報６）が記録されている、
構成態様のものを用いる。
（７）上記（１）乃至（４）のいずれかに記載の二次元コードの読取り方法であって、
撮影された前記二次元コードの画像データをバイナリーデータに変換する手順と、
前記バイナリーデータへのスキャン処理により、前記長手方向線分からなる前記破線枠パターンの各辺に対応した第１～第４の辺データを求める手順と、
前記第１～第４の辺データに基づき、前記各辺の各交点に対応した第１～第４の交点位置データを求める手順と、
前記第１～第４の交点位置データおよび前記バイナリーデータに基づき、前記各交点の一つを前記破線枠パターンの原点に設定する手順と、
前記第１～第４の辺データおよび前記バイナリーデータに基づき、前記各辺の前記ユニット切れ目部分を探索してその切れ目位置データを求める手順と、
前記切れ目位置データに基づき、前記行方向の二辺の対向状態の第１の前記ユニット切れ目部分同士、および前記列方向の二辺の対向状態の第２の前記ユニット切れ目部分同士をそれぞれ結ぶ仮想直線を設定して、複数の前記ユニットの各範囲を個々に特定する手順と、からなる、
構成態様のものを用いる。
（８）上記（７）において、
前記第１～第４の辺データを求める手順において、
前記スキャン処理により得られる、前記長手方向線分またはこの線分と同様の明暗データを持つ部分への複数到達点の中で、その辺ごとの全体に対応した所定範囲から外れる到達点を前記第１～第４の辺データの特定用到達点から間引く、
構成態様のものを用いる。
（９）上記（１）乃至（４）のいずれかに記載の二次元コードを読み取るプログラムであって、
コンピュータに、
撮影された前記二次元コードの画像データをバイナリーデータに変換する手順と、
前記バイナリーデータへのスキャン処理により、前記長手方向線分からなる前記破線枠パターンの各辺に対応した第１～第４の辺データを求める手順と、
前記第１～第４の辺データに基づき、前記各辺の各交点に対応した第１～第４の交点位置データを求める手順と、
前記第１～第４の交点位置データおよび前記バイナリーデータに基づき、前記各交点の一つを前記破線枠パターンの原点に設定する手順と、
前記第１～第４の辺データおよび前記バイナリーデータに基づき、前記各辺の前記ユニット切れ目部分を探索してその切れ目位置データを求める手順と、
前記切れ目位置データに基づき、前記行方向の二辺の対向状態の第１の前記ユニット切れ目部分同士、および前記列方向の二辺の対向状態の第２の前記ユニット切れ目部分同士をそれぞれ結ぶ仮想直線を設定して、複数の前記ユニットの各範囲を個々に特定する手順と、を実行させる、
構成態様のものを用いる。
（１０）上記（９）において、
前記第１～第４の辺データを求める手順において、
前記スキャン処理により得られる、前記長手方向線分またはこの線分と同様の明暗データを持つ部分への複数到達点の中で、その辺ごとの全体に対応した所定範囲から外れる到達点を前記第１～第４の辺データの特定用到達点から間引く、
構成態様のものを用いる。
（１１）上記（１）乃至（４）のいずれかに記載の二次元コードの読取り装置であって、
撮影された前記二次元コードの画像データをバイナリーデータに変換する画像データ二値化手段と、
前記バイナリーデータへのスキャン処理により、前記長手方向線分からなる前記破線枠パターンの各辺に対応した第１～第４の辺データを求め、
前記第１～第４の辺データに基づき、前記各辺の各交点に対応した第１～第４の交点位置データを求め、
前記第１～第４の交点位置データおよび前記バイナリーデータに基づき、前記各交点の一つを前記破線枠パターンの原点に設定する、
破線枠パターン特定手段と、
前記第１～第４の辺データおよび前記バイナリーデータに基づき、前記各辺の前記ユニット切れ目部分を探索してその切れ目位置データを求め、
前記切れ目位置データに基づき、前記行方向の二辺の対向状態の第１の前記ユニット切れ目部分同士、および前記列方向の二辺の対向状態の第２の前記ユニット切れ目部分同士をそれぞれ結ぶ仮想直線を設定して、複数の前記ユニットの各範囲を個々に特定する、
ユニット範囲特定手段と、からなる、
構成態様のものを用いる。
（１２）上記（１１）において、
前記破線枠パターン特定手段は、
前記スキャン処理により得られる、前記長手方向線分またはこの線分と同様の明暗データを持つ部分への複数到達点の中で、その辺ごとの全体に対応した所定範囲から外れる位置の到達点を前記第１～第４の辺データの特定用到達点から間引く、
構成態様のものを用いる。 The present invention solves the above problems as follows.
(1) a rectangular unit (for example, a unit 2a described later) in which a plurality of light and dark data optically read and binarized are recorded in cell units of rows and columns;
A data area (for example, a data area 2 described later) in which a plurality of the units are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix;
A square-shaped broken line frame pattern (for example, a broken line frame pattern 3 described later) composed of parallel broken lines in the row direction and the column direction that are recorded and optically read so as to surround the data region,
Each of the parallel broken lines constituting the broken line frame pattern is
The longitudinal direction line segment (for example, the longitudinal direction line segment 3a described later) having a length corresponding to the size in the row direction and the column direction of the unit and having no inward projection,
An opposing unit cut portion (for example, a “white” unit cut portion 3b described later) formed on both sides of each longitudinal line segment to indicate a unit boundary;
An origin break portion indicating the origin of the unit (for example, “white” origin break portion 3g described later),
The rectangular unit is
Specified by adjacent virtual straight lines (for example, a vertical virtual line L1 and a horizontal virtual line L2 described later) in the row direction and the column direction that connect the unit break portions in the facing state,
A two-dimensional code having a configuration mode is used.
(2) In (1) above,
The origin cut portion is
One of the four corners of the broken line frame pattern is a specific corner portion recorded by light and dark data different from the other three corners,
The thing of a structure aspect is used.
(3) In the above (1) and (2),
The data area is
Inside the broken line frame pattern, inner photo information (for example, inner photo information 4 described later) instead of the brightness data is recorded in units of the unit.
The thing of a structure aspect is used.
(4) In any of (1) to (3) above,
The data area is
In that part, another two-dimensional code with different density is recorded,
The thing of a structure aspect is used.
(5) A two-dimensional code record carrier having a configuration in which the two-dimensional code according to any one of (1) to (4) is recorded is used.
(6) In (5) above,
Outside photo information (for example, outside photo information 6 described later) is recorded outside the frame of the broken line frame pattern.
The thing of a structure aspect is used.
(7) The two-dimensional code reading method according to any one of (1) to (4) above,
A procedure for converting the captured image data of the two-dimensional code into binary data;
A procedure for obtaining first to fourth side data corresponding to each side of the broken line frame pattern made of the longitudinal direction line segment by scanning the binary data;
Obtaining first to fourth intersection position data corresponding to each intersection of each side based on the first to fourth edge data;
Based on the first to fourth intersection position data and the binary data, a procedure for setting one of the intersections as the origin of the broken line frame pattern;
Based on the first to fourth side data and the binary data, a procedure for searching the unit break part of each side and obtaining the break position data;
An imaginary straight line connecting the first unit break portions in the opposite state of the two sides in the row direction and the second unit break portions in the opposite state of the two sides in the column direction based on the break position data. And a procedure for individually specifying each range of the plurality of units.
The thing of a structure aspect is used.
(8) In (7) above,
In the procedure for obtaining the first to fourth side data,
Among a plurality of reaching points obtained by the scanning process to the longitudinal line segment or a portion having light and dark data similar to the line segment, a reaching point deviating from a predetermined range corresponding to the whole of each side is selected. Thinning out from the specified arrival points of the 1st to 4th edge data,
The thing of a structure aspect is used.
(9) A program for reading the two-dimensional code according to any one of (1) to (4) above,
On the computer,
A procedure for converting the captured image data of the two-dimensional code into binary data;
A procedure for obtaining first to fourth side data corresponding to each side of the broken line frame pattern made of the longitudinal direction line segment by scanning the binary data;
Obtaining first to fourth intersection position data corresponding to each intersection of each side based on the first to fourth edge data;
Based on the first to fourth intersection position data and the binary data, a procedure for setting one of the intersections as the origin of the broken line frame pattern;
Based on the first to fourth side data and the binary data, a procedure for searching the unit break part of each side and obtaining the break position data;
An imaginary straight line connecting the first unit break portions in the opposite state of the two sides in the row direction and the second unit break portions in the opposite state of the two sides in the column direction based on the break position data. And a step of individually identifying each range of the plurality of units.
The thing of a structure aspect is used.
(10) In (9) above,
In the procedure for obtaining the first to fourth side data,
Among a plurality of reaching points obtained by the scanning process to the longitudinal line segment or a portion having light and dark data similar to the line segment, a reaching point deviating from a predetermined range corresponding to the whole of each side is selected. Thinning out from the specified arrival points of the 1st to 4th edge data,
The thing of a structure aspect is used.
(11) The two-dimensional code reader according to any one of (1) to (4) above,
Image data binarization means for converting the image data of the photographed two-dimensional code into binary data;
By scanning the binary data, first to fourth side data corresponding to each side of the broken line frame pattern composed of the longitudinal line segments are obtained,
Based on the first to fourth side data, first to fourth intersection position data corresponding to each intersection of each side are obtained,
Based on the first to fourth intersection position data and the binary data, one of the intersections is set as the origin of the broken line frame pattern.
A broken line frame pattern specifying means;
Based on the first to fourth side data and the binary data, the unit break part of each side is searched to obtain the break position data,
An imaginary straight line connecting the first unit break portions in the opposite state of the two sides in the row direction and the second unit break portions in the opposite state of the two sides in the column direction based on the break position data. To specify each range of the plurality of units individually,
Unit range specifying means, and
The thing of a structure aspect is used.
(12) In the above (11),
The broken line frame pattern specifying means includes
Among a plurality of reaching points obtained by the scanning process to the longitudinal line segment or a portion having light and dark data similar to this line segment, a reaching point at a position outside the predetermined range corresponding to the whole of each side is determined. Thinning out the first to fourth edge data from the specific arrival points,
The thing of a structure aspect is used.
　本発明は、このような構成からなる二次元コード，二次元コード記録担体，二次元コード読取り方法，二次元コード読取用プログラムおよび二次元コード読取り装置を対象としている。 The present invention is directed to a two-dimensional code, a two-dimensional code record carrier, a two-dimensional code reading method, a two-dimensional code reading program, and a two-dimensional code reading device having such a configuration.
　本発明は以上の課題解決手段により、同じ大きさの方形状枠パターンを持つ二次元コードのデータ領域のさらなる大容量化を図ることができる、といった効果を奏している。 The present invention has an effect that the capacity of the data area of the two-dimensional code having the same size rectangular frame pattern can be further increased by the above problem solving means.
二次元コードの全体を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the whole two-dimensional code. 二次元コードの基本単位としてのユニットおよびそれを構成する「９×９」の行，列配置のセルを示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the unit as a basic unit of a two-dimensional code, and the cell of "9x9" row | line | column arrangement | sequence which comprises it. 二次元コードの内部に写真情報がユニット単位で配された状態を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the state by which the photographic information was distribute | arranged per unit inside the two-dimensional code. 二次元コードと、その外側の写真情報とを記録した二次元コード記録担体を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the two-dimensional code record carrier which recorded the two-dimensional code and the photographic information of the outer side. 図示上下両側の粗密度二次元コードとその間の高密度二次元コードとを備えたハイブリッド二次元コードを示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the hybrid two-dimensional code provided with the coarse density two-dimensional code of the upper and lower sides of illustration, and the high-density two-dimensional code between them. 破線枠パターンの上辺および右辺を探索するスキャン処理の概要を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the outline | summary of the scanning process which searches the upper side and right side of a broken line frame pattern. 破線枠パターンの下辺および左辺をを探索するスキャン処理の概要を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the outline | summary of the scanning process which searches the lower side and left side of a broken line frame pattern. 図８のスキャンにより求まる黒セル到達点の中で、破線枠パターンのユニット切れ目部分通過後のいわばエラー到達点（データ領域の黒セル到達点）を示す説明図である。FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing an error arrival point (a black cell arrival point in the data area) after passing through a unit break portion of the broken line frame pattern among the black cell arrival points obtained by scanning in FIG. 8. 二次元コードの撮影画像から破線枠パターンおよびそのユニット切れ目部分を求めた上で、各ユニットの範囲を特定してそこでの記録データを復元する処理手順の概要を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the outline | summary of the process sequence which specifies the range of each unit, and decompress | restores the recording data there after calculating | requiring the broken-line frame pattern and its unit break part from the picked-up image of a two-dimensional code. 図８のステップ(s13)の外形探索における隣同士到達点間のベクトルを用いたエラー到達点の間引き処理の手順を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the procedure of the thinning-out process of the error arrival point using the vector between adjacent arrival points in the external shape search of step (s13) of FIG. 図８のステップ(s13)の外形探索における最小二乗法を用いたエラー到達点の間引き処理の手順を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the procedure of the thinning-out process of the error arrival point using the least squares method in the external shape search of step (s13) of FIG. 二次元コード読取り装置の構成を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the structure of a two-dimensional code reader.
　図１～図１０を用いて本発明を実施するための形態を説明する。 Embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
　なお、原則として、各図で用いるアルファベット付き参照番号の構成要素（例えばユニット２ａ）は当該参照番号の数字部分の構成要素（例えばデータ領域２）の一部である、ことを示している。 It should be noted that, as a general rule, the constituent elements of the reference numbers with alphabets (for example, the unit 2a) used in the respective drawings are part of the constituent elements (for example, the data area 2) of the numeral portions of the reference numbers.
　図１～図７において、
１は各種撮影装置で光学的に読み取られる白黒の明暗部分からなり、長方形状または正方形状の全体スペースを持つ二次元コード，
２は二次元コード１を構成する内容情報記録部分であって長方形状または正方形状のデータ領域，
２ａはデータ領域２における白黒・明暗情報のいわばまとまり単位としての正方形状部分で、例えば図１，図２，図６Ａ，図６Ｂ，図７のデータ領域の場合は「３行×５列」の二次元マトリックス状に記録された計15個のユニット，
２ｂはユニット２ａを構成する内容情報記録用の最小単位要素であって、「白（明）」または「黒（暗）」の明暗データが個々に記録された例えばユニットあたり「９行×９列」の計81個の正方形状のセル（図２参照），
をそれぞれ示している。 1 to 7,
1 is a two-dimensional code consisting of black and white light and dark portions optically read by various photographing devices, and having a rectangular or square overall space;
2 is a content information recording portion constituting the two-dimensional code 1, which is a rectangular or square data area,
Reference numeral 2a denotes a square portion as a unit of so-called black and white / brightness / darkness information in the data area 2. For example, in the case of the data areas of FIGS. 1, 2, 6A, 6B, and 7, “3 rows × 5 columns” A total of 15 units recorded in a two-dimensional matrix,
2b is a minimum unit element for recording the content information constituting the unit 2a. For example, “9 rows × 9 columns per unit” in which “white (bright)” or “black (dark)” brightness data is individually recorded. ”A total of 81 square cells (see FIG. 2),
Respectively.
　また、
３は二次元コード１を構成するデータ領域外枠部分であって、セル２ｂの倍幅により、データ領域２を取り囲む形に記録された方形状の破線枠パターン，
３ａは破線枠パターン３の四辺を構成する「黒」線分からなり、ユニット２ａの行・列方向のサイズに対応した同一ピッチの長さ・位置態様で形成されて、セル２ｂの倍の幅を持つ長手方向線分，
３ｂは長手方向線分３ａそれぞれの両側に、四個（２行×２列）のセル２ｂに相当するスペースとして形成された「白」ユニット切れ目部分（必要に応じて「タイミングセル」という。），
３ｃは破線枠パターン３に対する後述の外形探索処理により求まる図示行方向の破線枠上辺，
３ｄは同じく外形探索処理により求まる図示列方向の破線枠右辺
３ｅは同じく外形探索処理により求まる図示行方向の破線枠下辺，
３ｆは同じく外形探索処理により求まる図示列方向の破線枠左辺，
３ｇは破線枠パターン３の右下端部分（破線枠右辺３ｄと破線枠下辺３ｅとの交点）を示す四個（２行×２列）のセルからなる、「白」原点切れ目部分，
３ｈ，３ｊおよび３ｋはそれぞれ破線枠パターン３の左上端部分（破線枠上辺３ｃと破線枠左辺３ｆとの交点），右上端部分（破線枠上辺３ｃと破線枠右辺３ｄとの交点）および左下端部分（破線枠下辺３ｅと破線枠左辺３ｆとの交点）を示す「黒」隅部分，
をそれぞれ示している。 Also,
3 is a data area outer frame portion constituting the two-dimensional code 1, and is a rectangular broken line frame pattern recorded in a shape surrounding the data area 2 by the double width of the cell 2b,
3a is composed of “black” line segments constituting the four sides of the broken line frame pattern 3 and is formed in the same pitch length / position mode corresponding to the size of the unit 2a in the row / column direction, and has a width twice that of the cell 2b. A longitudinal line segment,
Reference numeral 3b denotes a “white” unit break portion formed as a space corresponding to four (2 rows × 2 columns) cells 2b on both sides of each longitudinal line segment 3a (referred to as a “timing cell” if necessary). ,
3c is the upper side of the broken line frame in the illustrated row direction obtained by the contour search process described later for the broken line frame pattern 3,
3d is a broken line frame right side 3e in the illustrated column direction similarly obtained by the outline search process, and a broken line frame lower side in the illustrated row direction is also obtained by the outline search process.
3f is the left side of the broken line frame in the illustrated column direction, which is also obtained by the outer shape search process,
3g is a “white” origin break portion composed of four (2 rows × 2 columns) cells indicating the lower right end portion of the broken line frame pattern 3 (intersection of the right side 3d of the broken line frame and the lower side 3e of the broken line frame),
3h, 3j and 3k are respectively the upper left end portion (intersection of the upper side 3c of the broken line frame and the left side 3f of the broken line frame), the upper right end portion (intersection of the upper side 3d of the broken line frame and the right side 3d of the broken line frame) and the lower left end. “Black” corner portion indicating a portion (intersection of the lower side 3e of the broken line frame and the left side 3f of the broken line frame),
Respectively.
　また、
４は「10行×10列」の計100個のユニット２ａからなるデータ領域２（図３参照）の内側中心部分の「６行×６列」の計36個のユニット範囲に、白黒・明暗情報に代えていわば組み込まれた形の内側写真情報，
５は「６行×６列」の計36個のユニット２ａを持つ二次元コード１および写真を上下に並べて記録し、名刺，身分証などとしても使用可能なカード，シートなどの記録担体（図４参照），
６は記録担体５の二次元コード１（破線枠パターン３）の破線枠外上部分に、上記計36個のユニット２ａの全体範囲と同じサイズで並べて記録された外側写真情報，
７は図１の「３行×５列」の二次元コード１の２行目相当エリアに「３行×22列」の計66個のユニットを記録した形のいわばハイブリッド二次元コード（図５参照），
７ａは図１の二次元コード１の１行目および３行目と同じくそれぞれ５個（計10個）のユニット２ａからなる上下一対の粗密度二次元コード，
７ｂは上下一対の粗密度二次元コード７ａ，７ａの間に記録されて、それぞれユニット２ａと同数のセルを持つ「３行×22列」の計66個の小面積ユニットからなる、高密度二次元コード，
７ｃは図１，図２などの破線枠パターン３と同種の構成態様からなり、高密度二次元コード７ｂのセルとの位置・幅関係が破線枠パターン３およびセル２ｂと同じ状態に設定されている長方形状の高密度破線枠パターン
をそれぞれ示している。 Also,
4 is a black and white / light / dark range in a total of 36 units of “6 rows × 6 columns” in the inner central part of the data area 2 (see FIG. 3) consisting of 100 units 2a of “10 rows × 10 columns”. Inside photo information in the form of embedded in place of information,
5 is a record carrier (such as a card or sheet) that can be used as a business card, identification card, etc., by recording a two-dimensional code 1 having a total of 36 units 2a of “6 rows × 6 columns” and a photograph side by side. 4),
6 is the outer photo information recorded side by side in the same size as the entire range of the 36 units 2a in the upper part of the broken line frame of the two-dimensional code 1 (broken line frame pattern 3) of the record carrier 5;
7 is a so-called hybrid two-dimensional code in which a total of 66 units of “3 rows × 22 columns” are recorded in the area corresponding to the second row of the two-dimensional code 1 of “3 rows × 5 columns” in FIG. reference),
7a is a pair of upper and lower coarse density two-dimensional codes comprising five units (a total of ten units) 2a, similar to the first and third lines of the two-dimensional code 1 of FIG.
7b is recorded between a pair of upper and lower coarse density two- dimensional codes 7a and 7a, and consists of a total of 66 small area units of “3 rows × 22 columns” each having the same number of cells as unit 2a. Dimension code,
7c has the same type of configuration as the broken line frame pattern 3 of FIGS. 1 and 2, and the positional / width relationship with the cell of the high-density two-dimensional code 7b is set to the same state as the broken line frame pattern 3 and the cell 2b. Each of the rectangular high-density broken line frame patterns is shown.
　図６Ａ，図６Ｂにおいて、
Ａは破線枠上辺３ｃを探索する際の横軸昇順・縦方向昇順のスキャンライン，
Ｂは破線枠右辺３ｄを探索する際の縦軸昇順・横方向降順のスキャンライン，
Ｃは破線枠下辺３ｅを探索する際の横軸降順・縦方向降順のスキャンライン，
Ｄは破線枠左辺３ｆを探索する際の縦軸降順・横方向昇順のスキャンライン，
をそれぞれ示している。 6A and 6B,
A is a scan line in the ascending order of the horizontal axis and the ascending order of the vertical direction when searching for the upper side 3c of the broken line frame,
B is a scan line in the ascending order of the vertical axis and the descending order of the horizontal direction when searching for the right side 3d of the broken line frame,
C is a scan line in descending order on the horizontal axis and descending in the vertical direction when searching for the lower side 3e of the broken line frame,
D is a scan line in the descending order of the vertical axis and the ascending direction of the horizontal direction when searching for the left side 3f of the broken line frame,
Respectively.
　スキャンラインＡ，Ｂ，Ｃ，Ｄはいずれも一定ピッチで横軸昇順，縦軸昇順，横軸降順，縦軸降順などのシフト動作をおこなう。 Scan lines A, B, C, and D perform shift operations such as ascending order on the horizontal axis, ascending order on the vertical axis, descending order on the horizontal axis, and descending order on the vertical axis at a constant pitch.
　図７などにおいて、
Ｐ１はスキャンラインＡでの外形探索処理によって特定された計20個のいわば真の上辺到達点，
Ｐ２～Ｐ５はスキャンラインＡでの外形探索処理の際に、「白」ユニット切れ目部分（タイミングセル）３ｂを通過してデータ領域２の「黒」セルまで到達し、その後のマージ処理（図９Ａ，図９Ｂ参照）により間引かれる計４個の破線枠内セル到達点（必要に応じて「エラー到達点」という。），
Ｐ６は破線枠上辺３ｃおよび破線枠下辺３ｅそれぞれの「白」ユニット切れ目部分３ｂからなる左右方向配置のユニット左右・間仕切り部，
Ｐ７は破線枠右辺３ｄおよび破線枠左辺３ｆそれぞれの「白」ユニット切れ目部分３ｂからなる上下方向配置のユニット上下・間仕切り部，
Ｌ１は対向するユニット左右・間仕切り部Ｐ６それぞれの左右方向中心点同士を結ぶ形のユニット境界設定用の上下方向仮想直線，
Ｌ２は対向するユニット上下・間仕切り部Ｐ７それぞれの上下方向中心点同士を結ぶ形のユニット境界設定用の左右方向仮想直線，
をそれぞれ示している。 In FIG.
P1 is a total of 20 upper side arrival points specified by the outline search process in scan line A,
P2 to P5 pass through the “white” unit break (timing cell) 3b to reach the “black” cell in the data area 2 during the outline search process on the scan line A, and then perform the merge process (FIG. 9A). , (See FIG. 9B), a total of four cell arrival points within the dashed frame (referred to as “error arrival points” as necessary),
P6 is a unit left and right / partition portion in the left-right direction composed of “white” unit cut portions 3b on the broken line frame upper side 3c and the broken line frame lower side 3e,
P7 is a vertically arranged unit upper / lower / partition portion composed of “white” unit cut portions 3b on the right side 3d and the left side 3f of the broken line frame,
L1 is a vertical imaginary straight line for setting unit boundaries in the form of connecting the center points in the left and right direction of the opposing unit left and right / partition portions P6,
L2 is an imaginary straight line for setting unit boundaries in the form of connecting the vertical center points of the opposing unit vertical / partition portions P7,
Respectively.
　図１０において、
８は二次元コード１を撮影するカメラ，
９はカメラ８で撮影した画像データに基づいて二次元コード１の内容を再生するプロセッサ，
９ａは二次元コード１の撮影画像データをバイナリーデータに変換する画像データ二値化手段，
９ｂは二次元コード１のバイナリーデータをスキャンするなどの図８，図９Ａ，図９Ｂの処理手順により、長手方向線分３ａからなる破線枠パターン３の四辺３ｃ～３ｆおよびこの辺同士の交点四カ所を求め、かつ、これら各交点中の「白」セル部分を原点に設定する破線枠パターン特定手段，
９ｃは四辺３ｃ～３ｆそれぞれの「白」ユニット切れ目部分３ｂを探索して、上下方向仮想直線Ｌ１および左右方向仮想直線Ｌ２を設定するユニット範囲特定手段，
９ｄは各ユニット２ａを利用者の認識できる形式に変換して後述の二次元コード出力装置10に表示，出力させるユニット内容再生手段，
９ｅはプロセッサ９の作業エリアとして作用するワーク領域，
９ｆは二次元コード１の撮影データを二値化して、破線枠パターンやユニット範囲を特定するためのアプリケーションプログラムなどを格納する主記憶メモリ，
10はプロセッサ９での処理結果が表示，出力される、すなわち撮影データから二次元コード１を復元した内容が表示，再生，出力される二次元コード出力装置，
をそれぞれ示している。 In FIG.
8 is a camera for photographing the two-dimensional code 1,
9 is a processor for reproducing the contents of the two-dimensional code 1 based on the image data photographed by the camera 8;
9a is an image data binarization means for converting the photographed image data of the two-dimensional code 1 into binary data;
9b shows the four sides 3c to 3f of the broken line frame pattern 3 made up of the longitudinal direction line segments 3a and four intersections of these sides by the processing procedures of FIGS. 8, 9A and 9B such as scanning binary data of the two-dimensional code 1. And a broken line frame pattern specifying means for setting the “white” cell portion at each intersection as the origin,
9c is a unit range specifying means for searching for the “white” unit cut portion 3b on each of the four sides 3c to 3f and setting the vertical virtual straight line L1 and the horizontal virtual straight line L2.
9d is a unit content reproducing means for converting each unit 2a into a format that can be recognized by the user and displaying and outputting it on the two-dimensional code output device 10 described later.
9e is a work area that acts as a work area for the processor 9,
9f is a main storage memory for binarizing the photographing data of the two-dimensional code 1 and storing an application program for specifying a broken line frame pattern and a unit range,
10 is a two-dimensional code output device that displays and outputs the processing results of the processor 9, that is, displays, reproduces, and outputs the contents of the two-dimensional code 1 restored from the captured data.
Respectively.
　図示の二次元コード１の基本的特徴は、
(21)複数のユニット２ａが二次元マトリックス状に記録されたデータ領域２およびこれを取り囲む形の方形状に記録された破線枠パターン３からなり、
(22)破線枠パターン３の方形隅四点の一つを二次元コード座標系の原点とし、
(23)破線枠パターン３のユニット切れ目部分３ｂをユニット２ａの切出し用の基準部分とする、すなわちデータ領域２からユニット２ａを切り出すための内向き突起部が破線枠パターン３に配設されていない、
ことなどである。 The basic features of the illustrated two-dimensional code 1 are as follows:
(21) A plurality of units 2a are composed of a data area 2 recorded in a two-dimensional matrix and a broken line frame pattern 3 recorded in a rectangular shape surrounding the data area 2.
(22) One of the four corners of the broken line frame pattern 3 is the origin of the two-dimensional code coordinate system,
(23) The unit cut portion 3b of the broken line frame pattern 3 is used as a reference portion for cutting out the unit 2a, that is, the inward projection for cutting out the unit 2a from the data area 2 is not provided in the broken line frame pattern 3. ,
And so on.
　このように本発明の二次元コードは、データ領域２からユニット２ａを切り出すための基準部分として、破線枠パターン３の長手方向に必然的に設定される「切れ目」自体を利用する。この切り出し用の基準部分を新たに設定するものではない。 As described above, the two-dimensional code of the present invention uses the “cut” itself inevitably set in the longitudinal direction of the broken line frame pattern 3 as a reference portion for cutting out the unit 2a from the data area 2. This reference part for cutting is not newly set.
　本発明は、この破線枠パターン長手方向の「切れ目」に基づいて二次元マトリック状の各ユニット２ａを切り出し、これにより任意の大きさの破線枠パターン３に対する内部のデータ領域２の拡大化を図っている。 In the present invention, each two-dimensional matrix-like unit 2a is cut out based on the “cut” in the longitudinal direction of the broken line frame pattern, thereby expanding the internal data area 2 with respect to the broken line frame pattern 3 of an arbitrary size. ing.
　すなわち、破線枠パターン３の内部エリアのデータ領域２としての積極的な有効活用化を図ることができる。 That is, active utilization as the data area 2 of the inner area of the broken line frame pattern 3 can be achieved.
　また、破線枠パターン３の線幅を、ユニット２ａの構成要素であって情報記録最小単位のセル２ｂの例えば二倍に設定することにより、撮影画像中の破線枠パターン３とセル２ｂとが明瞭に区別される。 Also, by setting the line width of the broken line frame pattern 3 to, for example, twice the cell 2b, which is a constituent element of the unit 2a and is the minimum unit of information recording, the broken line frame pattern 3 and the cell 2b in the captured image are clear. Are distinguished.
　図示の二次元コードのユニット配列は例えば、
・図１，図２，図６Ａ，図６Ｂ，図７の「３行×５列」
・図３の「10行×10列」
・図４の「６行×６列」
・図５（高密度二次元コード７ｂ）の「３行×22列」
などである。 The unit arrangement of the illustrated two-dimensional code is, for example,
・ "3 rows x 5 columns" in FIGS. 1, 2, 6A, 6B, and 7
・ "10 rows x 10 columns" in Figure 3
・ "6 rows x 6 columns" in Fig. 4
・ "3 rows x 22 columns" in Fig. 5 (high-density two-dimensional code 7b)
Etc.
　図２の点線で明示するように、単一のユニット２ａは「９行×９列」の計81個の正方形状のセル２ｂの集合体である。何行何列のセル２ｂで１ユニットを構成するかは勿論任意であり、例えば「８行×16列」のセル２ｂを備えたユニットなども実用的である。 As clearly indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 2, the single unit 2a is an aggregate of a total of 81 square cells 2b of “9 rows × 9 columns”. Of course, it is arbitrary how many rows and columns of cells 2b constitute one unit. For example, a unit including cells 8b of “8 rows × 16 columns” is also practical.
　このユニット２ａの単一単位は、上下方向および左右方向それぞれの長手方向線分３ａの両側に形成された「白」ユニット切れ目部分３ｂの中心を通る隣同士の上下方向仮想直線Ｌ１と、同じく隣同士の左右方向仮想直線Ｌ２とで特定される領域である。 The unit 2a has a single unit that is adjacent to the adjacent vertical imaginary straight line L1 passing through the center of the “white” unit cut portion 3b formed on both sides of the longitudinal line segment 3a in the vertical and horizontal directions. This is an area specified by the left-right virtual straight line L2.
　図２の点線部分のユニット２ａは、
・図示左側の上下方向仮想直線Ｌ１および図示上側の左右方向仮想直線Ｌ２がそれぞれ通るセル
・図示右側の上下方向仮想直線Ｌ１より左側のセル
・図示下側の左右方向仮想直線Ｌ２より上側のセル
からなっている。 The unit 2a in the dotted line part of FIG.
A cell through which a vertical imaginary straight line L1 on the left side of the figure and a horizontal imaginary straight line L2 on the upper side of the figure pass respectively. A cell on the left side of the virtual imaginary line L1 on the right side of the figure. It has become.
　図３の二次元コード１は、形式上「10行×10列」のユニットからなり、かつ、二次元コード中央の「６行×６列」のユニット対応領域に内側写真情報４が記録されている。写真付きの二次元コードである。 The two-dimensional code 1 in FIG. 3 consists of units of “10 rows × 10 columns” in form, and the inner photo information 4 is recorded in the unit corresponding area of “6 rows × 6 columns” in the center of the two-dimensional code. Yes. It is a two-dimensional code with a photo.
　図４の記録担体５は、二次元コード１と外側写真情報６とが上下に並べて記録されたカード，シートなどである。なお、正方形状の外側写真情報６の大きさ全体は下側のユニット２ａを基本単位として設定されている。 4 is a card, sheet or the like on which the two-dimensional code 1 and the outer photo information 6 are recorded side by side. Note that the overall size of the square outer photograph information 6 is set with the lower unit 2a as a basic unit.
　図５のハイブリッド二次元コード７は、概略「３行×５列」の最上行および最下行にそれぞれ５列の粗密度二次元コード７ａが記録され、真ん中左右方向の行領域に「３行×22列」の高密度二次元コード７ｂが記録された態様になっている。 The hybrid two-dimensional code 7 shown in FIG. 5 has a rough density two-dimensional code 7a recorded in the top row and the bottom row of the approximate “3 rows × 5 columns”, respectively. A 22-line high-density two-dimensional code 7b is recorded.
　ここで粗密度二次元コード７ａは例えばスマートホンで読み取り、高密度二次元コード７ｂは専用機で読み取る。 Here, the coarse density two-dimensional code 7a is read by, for example, a smartphone, and the high density two-dimensional code 7b is read by a dedicated machine.
　スマートホンや専用機は、二次元コード７の基本情報を読み取ることにより、ハイブリッド二次元コード７における粗密度二次元コード７ａと高密度二次元コード７ｂとを識別しえる。 Smart phones and special purpose machines can identify the coarse density two-dimensional code 7a and the high density two-dimensional code 7b in the hybrid two-dimensional code 7 by reading the basic information of the two-dimensional code 7.
　図６Ａ，図６Ｂのスキャン処理では、二次元コード１の長手方向線分３ａについて、
(31)横軸昇順・縦方向昇順のスキャンラインＡにより破線枠上辺３ｃをその外側部分から探索し、
(32)縦軸昇順・横方向降順のスキャンラインＢにより破線枠右辺３ｄをその外側部分から探索し、
(33)横軸降順・縦方向降順のスキャンラインＣにより破線枠下辺３ｅをその外側部分から探索し、
(34)縦軸降順・横方向昇順のスキャンラインＤにより破線枠左辺３ｆをその外側部分から探索している。 6A and 6B, for the longitudinal line segment 3a of the two-dimensional code 1,
(31) Search for the upper side 3c of the broken line frame from the outer side by the scan line A in the ascending order of the horizontal axis and the ascending order of the vertical direction,
(32) Search for the right side 3d of the broken line frame from the outer side by the scan line B in the ascending / horizontal descending order of the vertical axis,
(33) Search for the lower side 3e of the broken line frame from the outer side by the scan line C in descending order of the horizontal axis and descending direction of the vertical direction,
(34) The left side 3f of the broken line frame is searched from the outer side by the scan line D in the descending order of the vertical axis and the ascending order of the horizontal direction.
　以上の長手方向線分３ａの四辺それぞれの探索処理では、
(35)撮影画像中の破線枠パターン３の外側から内側方向にスキャンし、背景が紙のように「白」の場合、白点から開始して黒点数が初期値を超えた段階で「辺」への到達と判断する。このときの初期値は例えば仮想セルサイズである。 In the search process for each of the four sides of the longitudinal line segment 3a,
(35) When scanning from the outside to the inside of the broken line frame pattern 3 in the photographed image and the background is “white” like paper, start from the white point and when the number of black points exceeds the initial value, ”Is reached. The initial value at this time is, for example, the virtual cell size.
　また、このスキャンデータが「白」から「黒」に変化した後、再度「白」に戻るまでの黒点長さが所定値以上であればこの「黒」変化点を「辺到達点」と判断してもよい。 Also, if the black point length from when this scan data changes from “white” to “black” until it returns to “white” again is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, this “black” change point is determined as the “side arrival point”. May be.
　このときの所定値としては、例えば正方形状で単一のセル２ｂの一辺長の「等倍」の長さを用いる。 As the predetermined value at this time, for example, a square-shaped “one-fold” length of one side length of the single cell 2b is used.
　図７は、上記(35)の手法で「破線枠上辺３ｃ」への到達と初期判断したときの辺到達対応点を示している。 FIG. 7 shows edge arrival corresponding points when it is initially determined that the movement reaches the “dashed line upper side 3c” by the method (35).
　この辺到達対応点は、破線枠上辺３ｃへ到達した計20個の上辺到達点Ｐ１と、タイミングセル３ｂをいわば通り過ぎてデータ領域２のセル２ｂへ到達した計４個のエラー到達点Ｐ２～Ｐ５とからなっている。エラー到達点Ｐ２～Ｐ５は図９Ａ，図９Ｂのマージ処理での間引き対象点である。 The side arrival corresponding points include a total of 20 upper side arrival points P1 that have reached the upper side 3c of the broken line frame, and a total of four error arrival points P2 to P5 that have passed the timing cell 3b and reached the cell 2b in the data area 2. It is made up of. Error arrival points P2 to P5 are thinning target points in the merge processing of FIGS. 9A and 9B.
　図８は、二次元コード１の読出し手順（粗密度二次元コード７ａおよび高密度二次元コード７ｂの読出し手順も同様）の概要を示す説明図である。 FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of the reading procedure of the two-dimensional code 1 (the reading procedure of the coarse density two-dimensional code 7a and the high-density two-dimensional code 7b is also the same).
　二次元コード１の読出し手順は、概略、次のようになっている。
(s11)カメラなどの撮像手段により二次元コード１を撮影して画像データを主記憶メモリ９ｆに記憶する。
(s12)この画像データを二値化して主記憶メモリ９ｆに記憶する。
(s13)このバイナリーデータに対する図６Ａ，図６Ｂのスキャン処理により長手方向線分３ａ（破線枠パターン３）の外形を探索する。
(s14)この探索データに基づき、破線枠パターン３の四辺３ｃ，３ｄ，３ｅ，３ｆそれぞれの図６Ａ，図６Ｂの座標系における式を最小二乗法などの演算により求めた上で、この四辺の各交点（破線枠パターン３の頂点）を算出する。
(s15)この四個の交点の中で、「白」セル対応の単一交点（「白」原点切れ目部分３ｇ）を二次元コード座標系の原点に設定する。他の三交点は、それぞれ「黒」セル対応の「黒」隅部分３ｈ，３ｊ，３ｋである。
(s16)破線枠パターン３の四辺に対する長手方向へのスキャン処理により、各辺それぞれの複数のタイミングセル３ｂを探索して位置データを求める。
(s17)この位置データに基づき、対向状態のタイミングセル３ｂ同士の辺長手方向中間点を結ぶ形の上下方向仮想直線Ｌ１および左右方向仮想直線Ｌ２を設定して、データ領域２を格子状の複数のユニット２ａに分割する。
(s18)このユニット２ａ単位で、データ領域２のバイナリーデータを復号化可能なワードデータに変換する。
(s19)変換後のワードデータを誤り訂正処理する。
(s20)誤り訂正処理後のワードデータを圧縮データへ変換する。
(s21)圧縮データを解凍して元のデータへ復元する。 The procedure for reading the two-dimensional code 1 is roughly as follows.
(s11) The two-dimensional code 1 is photographed by an imaging means such as a camera and the image data is stored in the main memory 9f.
(s12) This image data is binarized and stored in the main memory 9f.
(s13) The outer shape of the longitudinal line segment 3a (dashed line frame pattern 3) is searched by the scan processing of FIGS. 6A and 6B for this binary data.
(s14) Based on the search data, the equations in the coordinate systems of FIGS. 6A and 6B of the four sides 3c, 3d, 3e, and 3f of the broken line frame pattern 3 are obtained by operations such as the least square method, Each intersection (vertex of broken line frame pattern 3) is calculated.
(s15) Among these four intersections, a single intersection corresponding to the “white” cell (“white” origin break portion 3g) is set as the origin of the two-dimensional code coordinate system. The other three intersections are “black” corner portions 3h, 3j, and 3k corresponding to “black” cells, respectively.
(s16) By a scanning process in the longitudinal direction with respect to the four sides of the broken line frame pattern 3, a plurality of timing cells 3b on each side are searched to obtain position data.
(s17) Based on the position data, an up-down imaginary straight line L1 and a left-right imaginary straight line L2 that connect the intermediate points in the longitudinal direction of the timing cells 3b in the opposed state are set, and the data area 2 is divided into a plurality of grids The unit 2a is divided.
(s18) The binary data in the data area 2 is converted into decodable word data in units of this unit 2a.
(s19) The converted word data is subjected to error correction processing.
(s20) The word data after error correction processing is converted into compressed data.
(s21) The compressed data is decompressed and restored to the original data.
　ステップ(s17)で設定されたユニット２ａは格子状の交点を頂点（隅点）とする。例えば図１，図２，図６Ａ，図６Ｂおよび図７のデータ領域２の場合は「３行×５列」の15個のユニット２ａに分割されている。 The unit 2a set in step (s17) has a grid-like intersection as a vertex (corner point). For example, in the case of the data area 2 of FIGS. 1, 2, 6A, 6B and 7, it is divided into 15 units 2a of “3 rows × 5 columns”.
　図９Ａ，図９Ｂは、図８のステップ(s13)の二次元コード外形探索で用いる探索点のマージ処理の概要を示している。 9A and 9B show an outline of search point merging processing used in the two-dimensional code outline search in step (s13) of FIG.
　ここで「探索点」は、図６Ａ，図６Ｂのスキャン処理により求まる上辺到達点Ｐ１などの四辺到達点、およびタイミングセル３ｂを通過した先の「黒」セルに対応したＰ２～Ｐ５などの破線枠内セル到達点である。 Here, the “search point” is a broken line such as P2 to P5 corresponding to the four side arrival points such as the upper side arrival point P1 obtained by the scanning processing of FIGS. 6A and 6B and the “black” cell that has passed through the timing cell 3b. This is the cell arrival point within the frame.
　この破線枠内セル到達点Ｐ２～Ｐ５は、破線枠パターン３の外形探索（四辺探索）に本来必要な上辺到達点Ｐ１などの辺到達点ではない。すなわち、Ｐ２～Ｐ５は破線枠パターン３の四辺相当の長手方向線分３ａを求める際の不要データに他ならない。 The cell arrival points P2 to P5 within the broken line frame are not edge arrival points such as the upper side arrival point P1 that is originally necessary for the outline search (four side search) of the broken line frame pattern 3. That is, P2 to P5 are nothing but unnecessary data when the longitudinal line segment 3a corresponding to the four sides of the broken line frame pattern 3 is obtained.
　図９Ａ，図９Ｂは、この不要データＰ２～Ｐ５を長手方向線分３ａの到達点から間引くためのマージ処理手順を示している。 9A and 9B show a merge processing procedure for thinning out the unnecessary data P2 to P5 from the arrival point of the longitudinal line segment 3a.
　この間引き対象となるのは、破線枠パターン３の対応四辺ではなく、データ領域２の破線枠内セル到達点である。 This thinning target is not the corresponding four sides of the broken line frame pattern 3, but the cell arrival point in the broken line frame of the data area 2.
　図９Ａのマージ処理では、
スキャンラインＡ～Ｄに基づく各到達点（上辺到達点Ｐ１などの四辺到達点＋破線枠内セル到達点Ｐ２～Ｐ５）に対し、スキャンライン単位で、
(s31)この各到達点を、スキャンラインＡ～Ｄに対応する長手方向線分３ａに沿った昇順または降順に結び、
(s32)この結び方向の隣同士到達点間のベクトルそれぞれの向きを求め、
(s33)この向きの平均値を求め、
(s34)ベクトルを一つ取り出して、その向きと上記平均値との差分が、あらかじめ設定された基準値よりも小さいかどうかを判断し、「YES」の場合は次のステップに進み、「NO」の場合はステップ(s36)へ進み、
(s35)その始終点を有効到達点とし、
(s36)すべてのベクトルについて処理が完了するまでステップ(s34)へ戻る、
といった手順を実行する。 In the merge process of FIG. 9A,
For each arrival point based on the scan lines A to D (four side arrival points such as the upper side arrival point P1 + cell arrival points P2 to P5 within the broken line frame) in units of scan lines,
(s31) The arrival points are connected in ascending or descending order along the longitudinal line segment 3a corresponding to the scan lines A to D,
(s32) Find the direction of each vector between adjacent arrival points in this knotting direction,
(s33) Find the average value in this direction,
(s34) One vector is taken out, and it is determined whether or not the difference between the direction and the average value is smaller than a preset reference value. If “YES”, the process proceeds to the next step. '' Go to step (s36)
(s35) The starting and ending points are effective arrival points,
(s36) Return to step (s34) until processing is completed for all vectors,
The procedure is executed.
　図９Ｂのマージ処理では、
スキャンラインＡ～Ｄに基づく各到達点（上辺到達点Ｐ１などの四辺到達点＋破線枠内セル到達点Ｐ２～Ｐ５）に対し、スキャンライン単位で、
(s41)この各到達点に対する最小二乗法により長手方向線分３ａの対応仮直線を求め、
(s42)到達点ごとにこの対応仮直線までの法線距離を算出し、
(s43)到達点を一つ取り出して、その法線距離が、あらかじめ設定された基準値よりも大きいかどうかを判断し、「YES」の場合は次のステップに進み、「NO」の場合はステップ(s45)へ進み、
(s44)対応到達点を間引き、
(s45)すべての到達点について処理が完了するまでステップ(s43)へ戻る、
といった手順を実行する。 In the merge process of FIG. 9B,
For each arrival point based on the scan lines A to D (four side arrival points such as the upper side arrival point P1 + cell arrival points P2 to P5 within the broken line frame) in units of scan lines,
(s41) Find the corresponding provisional line of the longitudinal line segment 3a by the least square method for each reaching point,
(s42) For each reaching point, calculate the normal distance to this corresponding provisional line,
(s43) Take out one arrival point and determine whether the normal distance is larger than the preset reference value.If `` YES '', proceed to the next step, if `` NO '' Go to step (s45)
(s44) Thinning out the corresponding arrival points,
(s45) Return to step (s43) until processing is completed for all destinations.
The procedure is executed.
　図９Ａ，図９Ｂのマージ処理で間引かれずに残った到達点が、図８のステップ(s14)における破線枠パターン３の四辺３ｃ，３ｄ，３ｅ，３ｆの算出に用いられる。 9A and 9B are used to calculate the four sides 3c, 3d, 3e, and 3f of the broken line frame pattern 3 in step (s14) in FIG.
　すなわち、例えばこの残った到達点に対する最小二乗法により長手方向線分３ａの対応直線を求めることができる。 That is, for example, the corresponding straight line of the longitudinal line segment 3a can be obtained by the least square method with respect to the remaining reaching point.
　図１０はカメラ８，プロセッサ９および二次元コード出力装置10などからなる二次元コード読取り装置を示している。 FIG. 10 shows a two-dimensional code reading device including a camera 8, a processor 9, a two-dimensional code output device 10, and the like.
　プロセッサ９は画像データ二値化手段９ａ，破線枠パターン特定手段９ｂ，ユニット範囲特定手段９ｃおよびユニット内容再生手段９ｄなどを備えている。 The processor 9 includes image data binarizing means 9a, broken line frame pattern specifying means 9b, unit range specifying means 9c and unit content reproducing means 9d.
　画像データ二値化手段９ａは、カメラ８で撮影された二次元コード１の画像データをバイナリーデータに変換する。 The image data binarization means 9a converts the image data of the two-dimensional code 1 photographed by the camera 8 into binary data.
　破線枠パターン特定手段９ｂは、上述したように、
バイナリーデータへのスキャン処理、およびスキャンラインＡ～Ｄに基づく各到達点（上辺到達点Ｐ１などの四辺到達点＋破線枠内セル到達点Ｐ２～Ｐ５）に対するマージ処理をした上で、破線枠パターン３の各辺３ｃ，３ｄ，３ｅ，３ｆの第１～第４の辺データを求め、
この辺データに基づき、各辺の各交点に対応した第１～第４の交点位置データを求め、
この第１～第４の交点位置データおよび上記バイナリーデータに基づき、「白」原点切れ目部分３ｇを破線枠パターン３の原点に設定する。 As described above, the broken line frame pattern specifying unit 9b
After performing scan processing on binary data and merge processing for each arrival point (four-side arrival points such as upper-side arrival point P1 + cell arrival points P2-P5 within the broken line frame) based on scan lines A to D, a broken line frame pattern 3 to obtain the first to fourth side data of each side 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f,
Based on this side data, first to fourth intersection position data corresponding to each intersection of each side are obtained,
Based on the first to fourth intersection position data and the binary data, the “white” origin break 3 g is set as the origin of the broken line frame pattern 3.
　ユニット範囲特定手段９ｃは、上述したように、
第１～第４の辺データおよびバイナリーデータに基づき、上記各辺のタイミングセルを探索してその位置データを求め、
この位置データに基づき、行方向の二辺の対向状態の第１のタイミングセル同士、および列方向の二辺の対向状態の第２のタイミングセル同士をそれぞれ結ぶ仮想直線を設定して、複数の前記ユニットの各範囲を個々に特定する。 As described above, the unit range specifying means 9c
Based on the first to fourth side data and the binary data, the timing cell of each side is searched for its position data,
Based on this position data, a virtual straight line connecting the first timing cells in the opposite state of the two sides in the row direction and the second timing cell in the opposite state of the two sides in the column direction is set, Each range of the unit is identified individually.
　ユニット内容再生手段９ｄは、図８のステップ(s18)～(s21)の各処理を実行してその内容を二次元コード出力装置10に表示させる。 The unit content reproducing means 9d executes the processes of steps (s18) to (s21) in FIG. 8 and displays the contents on the two-dimensional code output device 10.
　前述の課題を解決するための手段の（９），（１０）や図８，図９Ａ，図９Ｂの各手順実行用のプログラムを格納する記憶媒体としては、ＣＤ－ＲＯＭやＤＶＤなどの光ディスクのほか，ＵＳＢメモリやフラッシュメモリカードなどの各種媒体、及びＷｅｂサイト、各種アプリケーションストアなどのオンラインサービスが用いられる。 As a storage medium for storing the program for executing the procedures of (9), (10) and FIGS. 8, 9A, and 9B as means for solving the above-mentioned problems, an optical disk such as a CD-ROM or DVD is used. In addition, various media such as a USB memory and a flash memory card, and online services such as a Web site and various application stores are used.
　本発明が以上の実施形態に限定されないことは勿論であり、例えば黒背景とし、図示の「白」部分と「黒」部分とを反転させてもよい。または、明暗が明確に判断できるなら「赤」部分と「黄」部分などの色の組合せでもよい。 Of course, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment. For example, a black background may be used, and the “white” portion and the “black” portion illustrated may be reversed. Alternatively, a combination of colors such as a “red” portion and a “yellow” portion may be used as long as brightness and darkness can be clearly determined.
　また、単位ユニットを構成するセルの行，列の配列を任意の（ｍ行×ｎ列）に設定し、二次元コードのデータ領域を上記以外の数のユニットで分割するようにしてもよい。 Also, the array of cell rows and columns constituting the unit unit may be set to an arbitrary (m rows × n columns), and the data area of the two-dimensional code may be divided by a unit other than the above.
（図１～図７）
１：二次元コード
２：データ領域
２ａ：ユニット
２ｂ：セル（図２参照）
３：破線枠パターン
３ａ：セル２ｂの倍の幅を持つ長手方向線分
３ｂ：「白」ユニット切れ目部分
３ｃ：図示行方向の破線枠上辺
３ｄ：図示列方向の破線枠右辺
３ｅ：図示行方向の破線枠下辺
３ｆ：図示列方向の破線枠左辺
３ｇ：「白」原点切れ目部分
３ｈ，３ｊ，３ｋ：「黒」隅部分
４：内側写真情報
５：記録担体（図４参照）
６：外側写真情報
７：ハイブリッド二次元コード（図５参照）
７ａ：上下一対の粗密度二次元コード
７ｂ：高密度二次元コード
７ｃ：高密度破線枠パターン (Figs. 1-7)
1: Two-dimensional code 2: Data area 2a: Unit 2b: Cell (see FIG. 2)
3: Broken line frame pattern 3a: Longitudinal line segment 3b having a width twice that of cell 2b: “White” unit cut portion 3c: Upper side 3d of broken line frame in the illustrated row direction: Right side 3d of broken line frame in the illustrated column direction: In the illustrated row direction Lower side 3f of broken line frame: left side 3g of broken line frame in illustrated column direction: “white” origin cut portion 3h, 3j, 3k: “black” corner portion 4: inner photo information 5: record carrier (see FIG. 4)
6: Outside photograph information 7: Hybrid two-dimensional code (see FIG. 5)
7a: a pair of upper and lower coarse density two-dimensional code 7b: high density two-dimensional code 7c: high density broken line frame pattern
（図６Ａ，図６Ｂ，図７）
Ａ：横方向上辺探索用で横軸昇順・縦方向昇順のスキャンライン
Ｂ：縦方向右辺探索用で縦軸昇順・横方向降順のスキャンライン
Ｃ：横方向下辺探索用で横軸降順・縦方向降順のスキャンライン
Ｄ：縦方向左辺探索用で縦軸降順・横方向昇順のスキャンライン
Ｐ１：真の上辺到達点
Ｐ２～Ｐ５：セル到達点
Ｐ６：ユニット左右・間仕切り部
Ｐ７：ユニット上下・間仕切り部
Ｌ１：上下方向仮想直線
Ｌ２：左右方向仮想直線 (Fig. 6A, Fig. 6B, Fig. 7)
A: Scanning line in ascending order of the horizontal axis and ascending order in the vertical direction for searching the upper side in the horizontal direction B: Scanning line in the ascending order of the vertical axis and descending in the horizontal direction for searching for the right side in the vertical direction C: Descending scan line D: Vertical left side search and vertical axis descending / horizontal ascending scan line P1: True upper side arrival points P2 to P5: Cell arrival point P6: Unit left / right / partition P7: Unit up / down / partition L1: Vertical virtual line L2: Horizontal virtual line
（図１０）
８：カメラ
９：プロセッサ
９ａ：画像データ二値化手段
９ｂ：破線枠パターン特定手段
９ｃ：ユニット範囲特定手段
９ｄ：ユニット内容再生手段
９ｅ：ワーク領域
９ｆ：主記憶メモリ
10：二次元コード出力装置 (Fig. 10)
8: Camera 9: Processor 9a: Image data binarizing means 9b: Broken line frame pattern specifying means 9c: Unit range specifying means 9d: Unit content reproducing means 9e: Work area 9f: Main memory
10: Two-dimensional code output device

Claims (12)

  1. 　光学的に読み取られて二値化処理される明暗データが行および列のセル単位で複数記録された方形状のユニットと、
    　前記ユニットが二次元マトリックス状に複数配設されたデータ領域と、
    　前記データ領域を取り囲む形で記録されて光学的に読み取られる行方向および列方向の各平行破線からなる方形状の破線枠パターンと、を備え、
    　前記破線枠パターンを構成する前記各平行破線は、
    前記ユニットの行方向および列方向のサイズに対応した長さからなり、内側への突起部を有していない対向状態の長手方向線分と、
    前記長手方向線分それぞれの両端隣側に形成されてユニット境界を示す対向状態のユニット切れ目部分と、
    前記ユニットの原点を示す原点切れ目部分と、を有し、
    　前記方形状のユニットは、
    前記対向状態のユニット切れ目部分を結ぶ前記行方向および前記列方向それぞれの隣同士の仮想直線により特定される、
    　ことを特徴とする二次元コード。     A rectangular unit in which a plurality of light and dark data optically read and binarized are recorded in cell units of rows and columns;
    A data area in which a plurality of the units are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix;
    A rectangular broken line frame pattern composed of parallel broken lines in the row direction and the column direction that are recorded and optically read in a form surrounding the data area, and
    Each of the parallel broken lines constituting the broken line frame pattern is
    The length corresponding to the size in the row direction and the column direction of the unit, the longitudinal line segment in the opposed state not having an inward projection,
    A unit cut portion in an opposing state formed on both sides of each of the longitudinal line segments and indicating a unit boundary;
    An origin break portion indicating the origin of the unit,
    The rectangular unit is
    Identified by a virtual straight line next to each other in the row direction and the column direction connecting the unit break portions in the opposing state,
    A two-dimensional code characterized by that.
  2. 　前記原点切れ目部分は、
    前記破線枠パターンの四隅の一つを他の三隅とは異なる明暗データにより記録された特定隅部分である、
    　ことを特徴とする請求項１記載の二次元コード。     The origin cut portion is
    One of the four corners of the broken line frame pattern is a specific corner portion recorded by light and dark data different from the other three corners,
    The two-dimensional code according to claim 1.
  3. 　前記データ領域は、
    前記破線枠パターンの枠内に、前記明暗データの代わりの内側写真情報が前記ユニットの単位で記録されている、
    　ことを特徴とする請求項１または２記載の二次元コード。     The data area is
    Inside the broken line frame pattern, inner photo information instead of the brightness data is recorded in units of the unit,
    The two-dimensional code according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that
  4. 　前記データ領域は、
    その一部に、密度の異なる別の二次元コードが記録されている、
    　ことを特徴とする請求項１乃至３のいずれかに記載の二次元コード。     The data area is
    In that part, another two-dimensional code with different density is recorded,
    The two-dimensional code according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
  5. 　請求項１乃至４のいずれかに記載の二次元コードを記録した二次元コード記録担体。 A two-dimensional code record carrier on which the two-dimensional code according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is recorded.
  6. 　前記破線枠パターンの枠外に外側写真情報が記録されている、
    　ことを特徴とする請求項５記載の二次元コード記録担体。     Outside photo information is recorded outside the frame of the broken line frame pattern,
    The two-dimensional code record carrier according to claim 5.
  7. 　請求項１乃至４のいずれかに記載の二次元コードの読取り方法であって、
    　撮影された前記二次元コードの画像データをバイナリーデータに変換する手順と、
    　前記バイナリーデータへのスキャン処理により、前記長手方向線分からなる前記破線枠パターンの各辺に対応した第１～第４の辺データを求める手順と、
    　前記第１～第４の辺データに基づき、前記各辺の各交点に対応した第１～第４の交点位置データを求める手順と、
    　前記第１～第４の交点位置データおよび前記バイナリーデータに基づき、前記各交点の一つを前記破線枠パターンの原点に設定する手順と、
    　前記第１～第４の辺データおよび前記バイナリーデータに基づき、前記各辺の前記ユニット切れ目部分を探索してその切れ目位置データを求める手順と、
    　前記切れ目位置データに基づき、前記行方向の二辺の対向状態の第１の前記ユニット切れ目部分同士、および前記列方向の二辺の対向状態の第２の前記ユニット切れ目部分同士をそれぞれ結ぶ仮想直線を設定して、複数の前記ユニットの各範囲を個々に特定する手順と、からなる、
    　ことを特徴とする二次元コード読取り方法。     A method for reading a two-dimensional code according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
    A procedure for converting the captured image data of the two-dimensional code into binary data;
    A procedure for obtaining first to fourth side data corresponding to each side of the broken line frame pattern made of the longitudinal direction line segment by scanning the binary data;
    Obtaining first to fourth intersection position data corresponding to each intersection of each side based on the first to fourth edge data;
    Based on the first to fourth intersection position data and the binary data, a procedure for setting one of the intersections as the origin of the broken line frame pattern;
    Based on the first to fourth side data and the binary data, a procedure for searching the unit break part of each side and obtaining the break position data;
    An imaginary straight line connecting the first unit break portions in the opposite state of the two sides in the row direction and the second unit break portions in the opposite state of the two sides in the column direction based on the break position data. And a procedure for individually specifying each range of the plurality of units.
    A two-dimensional code reading method characterized by the above.
  8. 　前記第１～第４の辺データを求める手順において、
    前記スキャン処理により得られる、前記長手方向線分またはこの線分と同様の明暗データを持つ部分への複数到達点の中で、その辺ごとの全体に対応した所定範囲から外れる到達点を前記第１～第４の辺データの特定用到達点から間引く、
    　ことを特徴とする請求項７記載の二次元コード読取り方法。     In the procedure for obtaining the first to fourth side data,
    Among a plurality of reaching points obtained by the scanning process to the longitudinal line segment or a portion having light and dark data similar to the line segment, a reaching point deviating from a predetermined range corresponding to the whole of each side is selected. Thinning out from the specified arrival points of the 1st to 4th edge data,
    The two-dimensional code reading method according to claim 7.
  9. 　請求項１乃至４のいずれかに記載の二次元コードを読み取るプログラムであって、
    　コンピュータに、
    　撮影された前記二次元コードの画像データをバイナリーデータに変換する手順と、
    　前記バイナリーデータへのスキャン処理により、前記長手方向線分からなる前記破線枠パターンの各辺に対応した第１～第４の辺データを求める手順と、
    　前記第１～第４の辺データに基づき、前記各辺の各交点に対応した第１～第４の交点位置データを求める手順と、
    　前記第１～第４の交点位置データおよび前記バイナリーデータに基づき、前記各交点の一つを前記破線枠パターンの原点に設定する手順と、
    　前記第１～第４の辺データおよび前記バイナリーデータに基づき、前記各辺の前記ユニット切れ目部分を探索してその切れ目位置データを求める手順と、
    　前記切れ目位置データに基づき、前記行方向の二辺の対向状態の第１の前記ユニット切れ目部分同士、および前記列方向の二辺の対向状態の第２の前記ユニット切れ目部分同士をそれぞれ結ぶ仮想直線を設定して、複数の前記ユニットの各範囲を個々に特定する手順と、を実行させる、
    　ことを特徴とする二次元コード読取用プログラム。     A program for reading the two-dimensional code according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
    On the computer,
    A procedure for converting the captured image data of the two-dimensional code into binary data;
    A procedure for obtaining first to fourth side data corresponding to each side of the broken line frame pattern made of the longitudinal direction line segment by scanning the binary data;
    Obtaining first to fourth intersection position data corresponding to each intersection of each side based on the first to fourth edge data;
    Based on the first to fourth intersection position data and the binary data, a procedure for setting one of the intersections as the origin of the broken line frame pattern;
    Based on the first to fourth side data and the binary data, a procedure for searching the unit break part of each side and obtaining the break position data;
    An imaginary straight line connecting the first unit break portions in the opposite state of the two sides in the row direction and the second unit break portions in the opposite state of the two sides in the column direction based on the break position data. And a step of individually identifying each range of the plurality of units.
    A two-dimensional code reading program characterized by the above.
  10. 　前記第１～第４の辺データを求める手順において、
    前記スキャン処理により得られる、前記長手方向線分またはこの線分と同様の明暗データを持つ部分への複数到達点の中で、その辺ごとの全体に対応した所定範囲から外れる到達点を前記第１～第４の辺データの特定用到達点から間引く、
    　ことを特徴とする請求項９記載の二次元コード読取用プログラム。     In the procedure for obtaining the first to fourth side data,
    Among a plurality of reaching points obtained by the scanning process to the longitudinal line segment or a portion having light and dark data similar to the line segment, a reaching point deviating from a predetermined range corresponding to the whole of each side is selected. Thinning out from the specified arrival points of the 1st to 4th edge data,
    The two-dimensional code reading program according to claim 9.
  11. 　請求項１乃至４のいずれかに記載の二次元コードの読取り装置であって、
    　撮影された前記二次元コードの画像データをバイナリーデータに変換する画像データ二値化手段と、
    　前記バイナリーデータへのスキャン処理により、前記長手方向線分からなる前記破線枠パターンの各辺に対応した第１～第４の辺データを求め、
    前記第１～第４の辺データに基づき、前記各辺の各交点に対応した第１～第４の交点位置データを求め、
    前記第１～第４の交点位置データおよび前記バイナリーデータに基づき、前記各交点の一つを前記破線枠パターンの原点に設定する、
    破線枠パターン特定手段と、
    　前記第１～第４の辺データおよび前記バイナリーデータに基づき、前記各辺の前記ユニット切れ目部分を探索してその切れ目位置データを求め、
    前記切れ目位置データに基づき、前記行方向の二辺の対向状態の第１の前記ユニット切れ目部分同士、および前記列方向の二辺の対向状態の第２の前記ユニット切れ目部分同士をそれぞれ結ぶ仮想直線を設定して、複数の前記ユニットの各範囲を個々に特定する、
    ユニット範囲特定手段と、からなる、
    　ことを特徴とする二次元コード読取り装置。     The two-dimensional code reader according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
    Image data binarization means for converting the image data of the photographed two-dimensional code into binary data;
    By scanning the binary data, first to fourth side data corresponding to each side of the broken line frame pattern composed of the longitudinal line segments are obtained,
    Based on the first to fourth side data, first to fourth intersection position data corresponding to each intersection of each side are obtained,
    Based on the first to fourth intersection position data and the binary data, one of the intersections is set as the origin of the broken line frame pattern.
    A broken line frame pattern specifying means;
    Based on the first to fourth side data and the binary data, the unit break part of each side is searched to obtain the break position data,
    An imaginary straight line connecting the first unit break portions in the opposite state of the two sides in the row direction and the second unit break portions in the opposite state of the two sides in the column direction based on the break position data. To specify each range of the plurality of units individually,
    Unit range specifying means, and
    A two-dimensional code reader characterized by the above.
  12. 　前記破線枠パターン特定手段は、
    前記スキャン処理により得られる、前記長手方向線分またはこの線分と同様の明暗データを持つ部分への複数到達点の中で、その辺ごとの全体に対応した所定範囲から外れる位置の到達点を前記第１～第４の辺データの特定用到達点から間引く、
    　ことを特徴とする請求項１１記載の二次元コード読取り装置。     The broken line frame pattern specifying means includes
    Among a plurality of reaching points obtained by the scanning process to the longitudinal line segment or a portion having light and dark data similar to this line segment, a reaching point at a position outside the predetermined range corresponding to the whole of each side is determined. Thinning out the first to fourth edge data from the specific arrival points,
    The two-dimensional code reader according to claim 11.
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