WO2016152207A1 - 酸素検知剤組成物、それを用いた成形体、シート、脱酸素剤用包装材料、脱酸素剤 - Google Patents
酸素検知剤組成物、それを用いた成形体、シート、脱酸素剤用包装材料、脱酸素剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016152207A1 WO2016152207A1 PCT/JP2016/051162 JP2016051162W WO2016152207A1 WO 2016152207 A1 WO2016152207 A1 WO 2016152207A1 JP 2016051162 W JP2016051162 W JP 2016051162W WO 2016152207 A1 WO2016152207 A1 WO 2016152207A1
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- oxygen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/78—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
- G01N21/783—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour for analysing gases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
- A23B2/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general
- A23B2/003—Control or safety devices for sterilisation or pasteurisation systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
- A23B2/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general
- A23B2/70—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by treatment with chemicals
- A23B2/704—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by treatment with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
- A23B2/708—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by treatment with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere, e.g. partial vacuum, comprising only CO2, N2, O2 or H2O
- A23B2/712—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by treatment with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere, e.g. partial vacuum, comprising only CO2, N2, O2 or H2O in which an absorbent is placed or used
- A23B2/717—Oxygen absorbent
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/78—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/22—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/22—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators
- G01N31/222—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators for investigating moisture content
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/22—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators
- G01N31/223—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators for investigating presence of specific gases or aerosols
- G01N31/225—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators for investigating presence of specific gases or aerosols for oxygen, e.g. including dissolved oxygen
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an oxygen detector composition, a molded body using the same, a sheet, a packaging material for oxygen absorber, and an oxygen absorber.
- oxygen detectors using organic dyes that reversibly change color by oxidation-reduction have been proposed.
- Commercially available oxygen detectors for example, trade name “AGELESS I”, manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.
- SUVS I can easily color that the oxygen concentration in the transparent packaging container is in a deoxygenated state of less than 0.1% by volume. It is a functional product that shows changes, and is used together with oxygen scavengers to maintain the freshness of foods and the quality of medical drugs.
- Many conventional oxygen detectors use a redox dye in combination with an appropriate reducing agent to make it possible to visually determine the presence or absence of oxygen in the system.
- Patent Document 1 proposes an oxygen indicator in which an oxygen detector composition containing methylene blue is laminated with a cyclic olefin copolymer.
- Patent Document 2 proposes an oxygen detector composition in which layered silicate is impregnated with methylene blue.
- the oxygen detector composition of Patent Documents 1 and 2 uses an organic dye as a redox pigment, the organic dye is eluted when the oxygen detector composition is exposed to a high temperature atmosphere by heat sterilization treatment or the like. There is a problem of contaminating the packaging material. As a result, the color of the oxygen detector may be misidentified or the appearance may be impaired.
- an inorganic substance such as bitumen
- a redox dye As a method for solving the above problems, it is conceivable to use an inorganic substance such as bitumen as a redox dye.
- an oxygen detector composition When such an oxygen detector composition is used, elution of the redox dye can be suppressed even when exposed to an atmosphere of 80 ° C. or higher by heat sterilization treatment or the like.
- the color of the oxygen detector changes to brown when exposed to an atmosphere of 80 ° C. or higher due to heat sterilization treatment or the like (hereinafter referred to as “red”). , Also referred to as “browning”), the color of the oxygen detector may be misidentified or the appearance may be impaired.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances. Even when exposed to a high-temperature atmosphere by heat sterilization treatment or the like, the oxygen detection can suppress the elution of the redox dye and can suppress the browning of the oxygen detection agent.
- An object is to provide an agent composition.
- an oxygen detector composition containing a redox dye, a reducing agent, and a basic substance contains bitumen as the redox dye, and lactose as the reducing agent.
- the present invention is as follows.
- [1] Contains a redox dye, a reducing agent, and a basic substance, An oxygen detector composition, wherein the redox dye is bitumen and the reducing agent is lactose.
- the oxygen detector composition according to [1] further containing a sodium salt and / or sodium ion.
- a molded article comprising the oxygen detector composition according to any one of [1] to [3].
- [5] A sheet comprising the oxygen detector composition according to any one of [1] to [3].
- a packaging material for oxygen scavenger comprising the molded article according to [4] or the sheet according to [5].
- An oxygen scavenger composition comprising the molded article according to [4] or the sheet according to [5].
- An oxygen scavenger composition comprising the molded article according to [4] or the sheet according to [5].
- An oxygen scavenger composition comprising the molded article according to [4] or the sheet according to [5].
- An oxygen scavenger composition comprising the molded article according to [4] or the sheet according to [5].
- An oxygen scavenger composition comprising the molded article according to [4] or the sheet according to [5].
- An oxygen scavenger composition comprising the molded article according to [4] or the sheet according to [5].
- An oxygen scavenger composition comprising the molded article according to [4] or the sheet according to [5].
- An oxygen scavenger composition comprising the molded article according to [4] or
- an oxygen detector composition that can suppress the elution of the redox dye and suppress the browning of the oxygen detector even when exposed to a high temperature atmosphere.
- the present embodiment a mode for carrying out the present invention (hereinafter simply referred to as “the present embodiment”) will be described in detail.
- the following this embodiment is an illustration for demonstrating this invention, and is not the meaning which limits this invention to the following content.
- the present invention can be implemented with appropriate modifications within the scope of the gist thereof.
- the oxygen detector composition of the present embodiment contains a redox dye, a reducing agent, and a basic substance, the redox dye is bitumen, and the reducing agent is lactose.
- bitumen in combination with lactose, it is possible to suppress the elution of the redox pigment and at the same time suppress the browning of the oxygen detector even in a high temperature atmosphere.
- bitumen An oxidation-reduction dye refers to a substance that changes color reversibly between an oxidized state and a reduced state. In this embodiment, bitumen is used as the redox dye.
- Bitumen includes a compound represented by the following general formula (1).
- M represents NH 4 , K, Na, or Fe (II).
- M when M is NH 4 , it is called ammonium bitumen, when M is K, it is called potassium bitumen, when M is Na, it is called sodium bitumen, and when M is Fe (II), it is hexacyano. It is called iron ferrate (Iron (III) hexanoferrate (II)).
- Bitumen is considered to be able to effectively reduce the risk of contamination due to dye elution because of its low solubility in water.
- the above bitumen may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Moreover, these may contain crystal water. Furthermore, in the general formula (1), a part of M, Fe (III), or Fe (II) may be substituted with another metal, or a part of Fe (II) may be missing. Good. A commercial product can also be used for the bitumen. These are marketed under names such as Prussian blue, Milori blue, Paris blue, Chinese blue and the like.
- the bitumen from the viewpoint of improving chemical stability and dispersibility in a solvent, it is possible to use a material that has been subjected to a surface hydrophobizing treatment with an alkyl group, silicone or the like to the extent that it does not hinder the discoloration reaction.
- the primary particle size of the bitumen is preferably an average particle size of 1 to 500 nm, more preferably 50 to 100 nm.
- the average particle diameter here means the number average particle diameter determined by the dynamic light scattering method.
- lactose> The reducing agent is a compound capable of reducing a redox dye in an oxidized state, and in this embodiment, lactose (also called lactose) is used as the reducing agent.
- lactose also called lactose
- commercially available foods and excipients can be used in addition to reagents. Lactose is generally distributed as a hydrate, but it can be used without any problem in this embodiment, whether it is a hydrate or an anhydride.
- lactose is not particularly limited, such as powder, granule, crystal, and solution, but is preferably a solution from the viewpoint of homogenization of the composition, and an aqueous solution is most preferable from the viewpoint of safety.
- an aqueous lactose solution By using an aqueous lactose solution, a uniform oxygen detector composition can be obtained while ensuring safety.
- the content of the reducing agent in the oxygen detector composition of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of reducing ability and the like, it is preferably not less than an amount capable of converting all oxidized bitumen into a reduced type.
- the mass is preferably 2 to 100 times, more preferably 3 to 50 times, and still more preferably 5 to 30 times.
- the oxygen detector composition of the present embodiment further contains a basic substance.
- basic substances include, but are not limited to, alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide; alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as calcium hydroxide; alkalis such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate Metal carbonates; alkali metal hydrogen carbonates such as sodium hydrogen carbonate; alkali metal phosphates such as tripotassium phosphate; and the like.
- alkaline earth metal hydroxides and alkaline earth metal carbonates are preferable, and alkaline earth metal carbonates are more preferable.
- the oxygen detector composition of the present embodiment preferably contains a sodium salt and / or sodium ion.
- a sodium salt and / or sodium ion When sodium salts and / or sodium ions are present in the oxygen detector composition, redox dye elution (pigment contamination) tends to be suppressed even in a high-temperature, high-humidity atmosphere such as heat sterilization.
- the color can be changed quickly in response to a change in oxygen concentration, the oxygen detection performance tends to be further improved.
- the redox dye contained in the oxygen detector composition is bitumen, the above-described effect becomes more remarkable.
- sodium salts include, but are not limited to, inorganic salts such as sodium chloride, sodium nitrate, and sodium phosphate; organic acid salts such as sodium acetate, sodium tartrate, sodium citrate, and sodium malate. Among these, organic acid salts are preferable, sodium polybasic acids such as sodium phosphate, sodium sulfate, and sodium citrate are more preferable, and sodium citrate is still more preferable.
- the sodium salt may be solid and contained in the oxygen detector composition, or may be contained in a state dissolved in a solvent such as water or alcohol. In this embodiment, any state of sodium salt or sodium ion may be used. These sodium salts and sodium ions may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Sodium ions may be generated from those that generate sodium ions in the system.
- sodium ions for example, what is generated from sodium contained in sodium bitumen, sodium contained in a carrier, sodium contained in a fibrous base material, and the like can be mentioned.
- a fibrous base material the sodium etc. which generate
- the behavior of sodium salt and sodium ion can take various forms. For example, it is incorporated in the crystal lattice of the complex, released from the crystal lattice of the complex to form a salt with the anion in the composition, or present in a free state as an ion. And the like.
- the number of ions taken into the complex may be one or more.
- the present embodiment is not limited to the above-described aspect.
- the total content of sodium salt and sodium ion in the oxygen detector composition of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but is 0.01 to 10 times the content of the redox dye based on the mass of sodium atoms. It is preferably 0.05 to 2 times, more preferably 0.05 to 1.5 times, still more preferably 0.1 to 1.5 times, More preferably, it is 1 to 1.1 times.
- the oxygen detection rate tends to be further improved. The reason for this is not clear, but it is presumed that the oxidation-reduction potential of the metal ions constituting the complex changes when sodium ions are taken into the crystal lattice of the Prussian blue complex.
- the basic substance content in the oxygen detector composition of the present embodiment is preferably 10 to 1000 times, more preferably 50 to 500 times the content of the redox dye on a mass basis. 100 to 300 times is more preferable, and 100 to 200 times is more preferable. When the content of the basic substance is within the above range, the storage stability and the color response speed with respect to the oxygen concentration tend to be further increased.
- the oxygen detector composition of the present embodiment can further contain a humectant.
- humectant include, but are not limited to, polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, glycerin, and polyethylene glycol; hygroscopic inorganic salts such as magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, and calcium chloride.
- the content of the humectant in the oxygen detector composition of the present embodiment is preferably 1 to 20% by mass and more preferably 5 to 15% by mass with respect to the total amount of the oxygen detector composition.
- the content of the humectant is within the above range, the normal coloring function tends to be exhibited in a wider range of atmospheric humidity.
- the color change of the redox dye can be made clearer by adding a colorant that does not change color depending on the oxygen concentration and does not cause contamination during the heat sterilization treatment.
- a colorant include, but are not limited to, dyes such as Red 104 and Acid Red; pigments such as titanium oxide and petals.
- the content of the colorant is not particularly limited as long as the color change of the redox dye can be visually confirmed, but is preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass with respect to the total amount of the oxygen detector composition, and 0.05 to 3 More preferably, it is more preferably 0.1 to 1% by mass.
- the content of the colorant is preferably 0.0001 to 5% by mass, and 0.01 to 5% by mass with respect to the total amount of the oxygen detector composition. More preferably, the content is 0.01 to 3% by mass, still more preferably 0.03 to 1% by mass.
- the oxygen detector composition of the present embodiment is powdered, it is preferable that the oxygen detector composition further contains a carrier from the viewpoint of improving the handleability. By supporting each component in the oxygen detector composition on a carrier, the oxygen detector composition can be made into powder and the handleability can be improved.
- the particle size of the powdered oxygen detector is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 50 to 500 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of fluidity.
- the average particle diameter here refers to a particle diameter measured from a weight fraction according to the size of the mesh after vibrating for 5 minutes using a standard sieve of JIS Z 8801.
- the carrier is not limited to the following, and examples thereof include inorganic substances such as magnesium carbonate, zeolite, diatomaceous earth, perlite, activated alumina, and silica gel. Among these, from the viewpoint of color responsiveness to oxygen, a basic inorganic substance is preferable, and magnesium carbonate is more preferable. In addition, when a support
- the oxygen detector composition of the present embodiment can be made into an oxygen detector ink (sometimes referred to as “oxygen indicator ink” or the like) by being dispersed in a solvent together with a binder as necessary.
- solvent examples include, but are not limited to, water; alcohols such as isopropanol and butanol; esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate; ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone; hydrocarbons such as toluene and cyclohexane.
- alcohols such as isopropanol and butanol
- esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate
- ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone
- hydrocarbons such as toluene and cyclohexane.
- binder examples include, but are not limited to, water-soluble polymers such as sodium alginate, gum arabic, tragacanth gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, dextrin, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate, and polyacrylamide; ethyl cellulose, ethyl Celluloses such as hydroxyethyl cellulose and cellulose acetylpropionate; water-insoluble polymers such as vinyl acetate resin, butyral resin, polyester resin, acrylic resin, polyether resin, polyamide resin, petroleum resin, etc. It can be selected in consideration of solubility. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the sheet according to the present embodiment includes the oxygen detector composition described above.
- a sheet including a base material and a layer containing an oxygen detector composition formed on the base material can be cited.
- the sheet of the present embodiment may include a protective layer laminated on a layer containing a substrate and / or an oxygen detector composition.
- the protective layer include, but are not limited to, a clear ink coating layer, a dry laminate, or a transparent resin layer bonded with an adhesive.
- the material of the coating layer or the transparent resin layer is not limited to the following, but examples include polyolefin, polyester, polyurethane, poly (meth) acrylic acid and its ester, polyamide, and the like. Or polyurethane is preferred.
- the protective layer does not necessarily have air permeability and transparency. That is, at least one of the base material and the protective layer to be described later only needs to have air permeability, and similarly, at least one of them only needs to have transparency.
- the material of the substrate is not limited to the following, but for example, polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile resins, polyvinyl chloride resins, polyvinylidene chloride resins, polyamides such as 6-nylon Examples thereof include resins such as resins; fibers such as paper, cloth and nonwoven fabric.
- the method for producing the oxygen detector sheet is not limited to the following, and examples thereof include a method of applying, impregnating, or printing the above-described oxygen detector ink to a sheet (sometimes referred to as “film”). .
- the application method is not particularly limited, and a known method can be adopted. For example, a method using a brush, spray, or the like can be given.
- the method of impregnation is not particularly limited, and a known method can be adopted.
- the printing method is not particularly limited, and a known method can be employed. Examples thereof include an offset printing method, a gravure printing method, a screen printing method, a flexographic printing method, and a relief printing method.
- the thickness of the oxygen detection layer is not particularly limited, but is usually preferably 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to 30 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 5 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the oxygen detection layer is within the above range, the oxygen detection performance of the oxygen detection sheet can be further improved, and peeling of the coating film tends to be more effectively suppressed.
- the packaging material for oxygen absorbers can be set as the packaging material for oxygen absorbers using an oxygen detection agent composition.
- the oxygen detector sheet mentioned above and the oxygen detector agent compact mentioned below can be used. That is, the oxygen-absorbing agent packaging material of the present embodiment includes the molded body or sheet of the present embodiment.
- the oxygen detector composition of the present embodiment can be made into a powdery oxygen detector composition by blending the above-described carrier as necessary. By supporting each component of the oxygen detector composition on a carrier, the handleability can be further improved.
- the oxygen detector composition can be molded into a molded body (oxygen detector molded body). That is, the molded body of the present embodiment includes the oxygen detector composition of the present embodiment.
- the shape of a molded object is not specifically limited, For example, the tablet etc. which compression-molded the oxygen detection agent composition are mentioned. Furthermore, it is preferable to compression-mold the above-described powdery oxygen detector composition. A commercially available tableting machine etc. can be used for compression molding. In order to further improve the moldability, a binder such as cellulose powder, powdered polyethylene and starch can be added as necessary.
- the shape of the molded body is not particularly limited, and a known shape can also be adopted.
- a tablet shape such as a round shape, an oblong shape, a caplet shape, etc. It is preferable that it is the shape of this.
- the mass per oxygen detector molded article is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.05 to 5 g, more preferably 0.1 to 0.5 g. When the mass of the oxygen detector molded product is within the above range, the handling property and the color visibility tend to be further improved.
- the oxygen detector composition of this embodiment can also be applied to an oxygen scavenger. That is, the oxygen scavenger of this embodiment includes the oxygen scavenger composition and the oxygen scavenger packaging material of the present embodiment for packaging the oxygen scavenger composition.
- a conventionally known oxygen scavenger composition can be used.
- a sachet type oxygen indicator can be obtained by filling a powdery oxygen detector composition or an oxygen detector molded body into a sachet made of a transparent resin film. If necessary, an opening process may be performed to such an extent that the filler does not leak out of the bag, or a process aimed at controlling the inside and outside of the bag, such as passing a ventilation thread, may be performed. Even when such treatment is performed, the elution of the dye can be effectively prevented. Furthermore, it is possible to exhibit excellent oxygen detection performance.
- the oxygen detector composition of the present embodiment is stored in a packaging container together with an object to be preserved such as food or a deoxygenating agent and sealed, and then, for example, boil sterilization at about 80 to 100 ° C., about 100 to 135 ° C.
- the retort sterilization process (depending on the temperature range or the like, it may be properly used as “semi-retort sterilization process”, “retort sterilization process”, “high retort sterilization process”, etc.). Even if such heat sterilization treatment is performed, elution of the dye can be suppressed. Furthermore, it is possible to exhibit excellent oxygen detection performance.
- ⁇ Browning resistance> In the oxygen detector composition of the present embodiment, color browning is suppressed even when the sterilization treatment is performed. It is preferable that browning is suppressed from the viewpoint of color visibility and aesthetics of the detection agent.
- the degree of browning can be evaluated not only by visual evaluation but also by the magnitude of b * values quantified as Lab * values by a color analyzer.
- IPA isopropyl alcohol
- ethyl acetate lactose monohydrate
- D-glucose D-fructose
- cellulose powder magnesium hydroxide
- magnesium carbonate magnesium sulfate
- reagents manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. were used.
- Example 1 ⁇ Production of oxygen indicator ink> A mixed solvent of 4.5 g of IPA and 4.5 g of ethyl acetate is prepared, and cellulose acetate propionate (trade name “504-0.2”, manufactured by EASTMAN CHEMICAL, hereinafter referred to as “CAP”) is used as a binder. 0 g was dissolved.
- CAP cellulose acetate propionate
- An oxygen indicator ink was obtained by mixing 1.1 g of ink A, 1.1 g of dispersion, 0.7 g of IPA, and 0.7 g of ethyl acetate.
- Oxygen indicator ink was applied to the surface of a synthetic paper (polypropylene sheet, trade name “FPD-80”, manufactured by YUPO Corporation) cut into 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm by the following procedure.
- the oxygen indicator ink was applied using a bar coater (manufactured by Tester Sangyo Co., Ltd.).
- medium trade name “CLIOS medium (A)”, manufactured by DIC Graphics Co., Ltd.
- oxygen indicator ink was apply
- seat was cut out to the magnitude
- the obtained sealed body was subjected to a retort treatment at 121 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then the oxygen barrier bag was opened and the oxygen detection sheet was taken out.
- This oxygen detection sheet was allowed to stand in an air atmosphere at 25 ° C., and the oxygen detection performance was evaluated by visually confirming the color change after 24 hours.
- the results are shown in Table 1.
- the oxygen detection performance was evaluated based on the following criteria. “ ⁇ ”: The color of the oxygen detection sheet changed to blue at the time of standing time of 24 hours (sufficient oxygen detection performance). “X”: The color of the oxygen detection sheet did not change to blue at the time of standing for 24 hours (oxygen detection performance was insufficient).
- the obtained sealed body was subjected to retort treatment at 121 ° C. for 30 minutes, and the browning resistance was evaluated by visually confirming the color of the oxygen detection sheet immediately after that.
- the results are shown in Table 1.
- the browning tolerance of the oxygen detection sheet immediately after performing the retort process was evaluated based on the following criteria. “O”: Browning of the reducing agent was suppressed, and the oxygen detection sheet showed a bright pink color.
- “X” Browning of the reducing agent occurred, and the oxygen detection sheet did not show a bright pink color (browning Insufficient tolerance).
- Example 2 The experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that magnesium carbonate was used instead of magnesium hydroxide. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 ⁇ Preparation of tablet-type oxygen detector> Magnesium carbonate 100 g, cellulose powder 2.0 g, ammonium bitumen 0.50 g, Phloxine B (edible red No. 104, manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.) 0.05 g, lactose monohydrate 5.0 g, magnesium sulfate 5.0 g, 0.5 g of trisodium citrate and 5.0 g of water were mixed in an automatic mortar to obtain a powdery oxygen detector composition.
- Phloxine B edible red No. 104, manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.
- a laminated film of biaxially stretched polypropylene (thickness 20 ⁇ m) and unstretched polypropylene (thickness 30 ⁇ m) was prepared. Using this laminated film, a three-side sealed bag measuring 25 mm in length and 25 mm in width was produced with unstretched polypropylene inside. The three-side sealed bag was filled with one tablet-type oxygen detector obtained, and the opening of the three-side sealed bag was heat-sealed to obtain an evaluation sample.
- Example 4 The experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 3 except that magnesium hydroxide was used instead of magnesium carbonate. The results are shown in Table 2.
- an oxygen detector composition in which at least elution of the redox dye and browning of the oxygen detector are suppressed.
- an oxygen detector composition capable of suppressing elution of redox dye and browning of the oxygen detector even when heat sterilization such as boil treatment or retort treatment is performed. This facilitates pinhole detection before and after the heat sterilization process, makes it possible to find and eliminate defective products, and is effective in managing the storage status of various items such as food and pharmaceuticals. Can do.
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Abstract
Description
[1]
酸化還元色素と、還元剤と、塩基性物質と、を含有し、
前記酸化還元色素が紺青であり、かつ、前記還元剤がラクトースである、酸素検知剤組成物。
[2]
ナトリウム塩及び/又はナトリウムイオンをさらに含有する、[1]に記載の酸素検知剤組成物。
[3]
担体をさらに含有する、[1]又は[2]に記載の酸素検知剤組成物。
[4]
[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の酸素検知剤組成物を含む、成形体。
[5]
[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の酸素検知剤組成物を含む、シート。
[6]
[4]に記載の成形体、又は[5]に記載のシートを含む、脱酸素剤用包装材料。
[7]
脱酸素剤組成物と、
前記脱酸素剤組成物を包装する[6]に記載の脱酸素剤用包装材料と、
を含む、脱酸素剤。
酸化還元色素とは、酸化状態と還元状態で可逆的に色彩が変化する物質をいう。本実施形態では酸化還元色素として紺青を用いる。
MFe(III)[Fe(II)(CN)6] (1a)
(式中、MはNH4、K、Na、又はFe(II)を表す。)
本明細書においては、MがNH4の場合はアンモニウム紺青といい、MがKの場合はカリウム紺青といい、MがNaの場合はナトリウム紺青といい、MがFe(II)の場合はヘキサシアノ鉄酸鉄(Iron(III)hexacyanoferrate(II))という。紺青は水への溶解度が低い為に、色素溶出による汚染リスクを効果的に低減できると考えられる。
還元剤は、酸化状態にある酸化還元色素を還元できる化合物であり、本実施形態では還元剤としてラクトース(乳糖とも呼ばれる)を用いる。本実施形態で用いるラクトースは試薬の他、食品や賦形剤として市販されているものを用いることができる。ラクトースは一般的に水和物としての流通が多いが、水和物であっても無水物であっても本実施形態において問題なく用いることができる。
還元剤の還元活性を高める観点から、本実施形態の酸素検知剤組成物は、塩基性物質を更に含有する。塩基性物質としては、以下に限定されないが、例えば、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等のアルカリ金属水酸化物;水酸化カルシウム等のアルカリ土類金属水酸化物;炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム等のアルカリ金属の炭酸塩;炭酸水素ナトリウム等のアルカリ金属の炭酸水素塩;リン酸三カリウム等のアルカリ金属のリン酸塩;等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、アルカリ土類金属水酸化物やアルカリ土類金属の炭酸塩が好ましく、アルカリ土類金属の炭酸塩がより好ましい。
本実施形態の酸素検知剤組成物は、ナトリウム塩及び/又はナトリウムイオンを含有することが好ましい。酸素検知剤組成物中にナトリウム塩及び/又はナトリウムイオンが存在する場合、加熱滅菌処理等で高温高湿の雰囲気下であっても酸化還元色素の溶出(色素汚染)が抑制される傾向にあるとともに、酸素濃度変化に速やかに応答して変色できるため酸素検知性能が一層向上する傾向にある。特に、酸素検知剤組成物に含有される酸化還元色素が紺青である場合に、上記した効果は一層顕著となる。加熱滅菌処理等の高温処理に曝された場合でも酸化還元色素の溶出を抑制でき、かつ、優れた酸素検知性能を有することによって、例えば、酸素バリア袋のピンホール検知を一層容易とし、不良品の発見や排除を一層省力化できること等が期待される。
変色反応に必要な水分を保持する観点から、本実施形態の酸素検知剤組成物は、保湿剤を更に含有することができる。保湿剤としては、以下に限定されないが、例えば、エチレングリコール、グリセリン、ポリエチレングリコール等の多価アルコール;硫酸マグネシウム、塩化マグネシウム、塩化カルシウム等の吸湿性無機塩類等が挙げられる。
本実施形態においては、酸素濃度によって変色せず、かつ、加熱滅菌処理時に汚染を起こさない着色剤を加えることで、酸化還元色素の変色をより鮮明にすることができる。このような着色剤としては、例えば、赤色104号、アシッドレッド等の染料;酸化チタン、弁柄等の顔料等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
本実施形態の酸素検知剤組成物を粉体状とする場合、その取扱性を向上させる観点から、酸素検知剤組成物は、担体を更に含有することが好ましい。酸素検知剤組成物中の各成分を担体に担持させることで、酸素検知剤組成物を粉体状にして取扱性を向上させることができる。粉体状である酸素検知剤の粒径は、特に限定されないが、流動性の観点から、10~1000μmであることが好ましく、50~500μmであることがより好ましい。ここでいう平均粒径とは、JIS Z 8801の標準篩を用いて、5分間振動させた後の篩目のサイズによる重量分率から測定される粒径を示す。
本実施形態の酸素検知剤組成物は、必要に応じてバインダーとともに溶剤へ分散させることにより、酸素検知剤インキ(「酸素インジケーターインキ」等と呼ばれることもある。)とすることができる。
溶剤としては、以下に限定されないが、例えば、水;イソプロパノール、ブタノール等のアルコール類;酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル等のエステル類;メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン等のケトン類;トルエン、シクロヘキサン等の炭化水素類の中から酸素検知剤組成物の溶解分散性、印刷方式との相性等を考慮し選定して用いることができる。これらは1種単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
バインダーとしては、以下に限定されないが、例えば、アルギン酸ナトリウム、アラビアゴム、トラガントガム、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、メチルセルロース、デキストリン、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム、ポリアクリルアミド等の水溶性高分子;エチルセルロース、エチルヒドロキシエチルセルロース、セルロースアセチルプロピオネート等のセルロース類;酢酸ビニル樹脂、ブチラール樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ポリエーテル樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、石油系樹脂等の水不溶性高分子等が挙げられ、溶剤への溶解性等を考慮し選定することができる。これらは1種単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
本実施形態では、酸素検知剤組成物を用いて酸素検知剤シートとすることができる。すなわち、本実施形態のシートは、上記した酸素検知剤組成物を含む。例えば、本実施形態に係るシートの一態様としては、基材と、その基材の上に形成された酸素検知剤組成物を含む層と、を備えるシート等が挙げられる。上記の他、本実施形態のシートは、基材及び/又は酸素検知剤組成物を含む層に積層された保護層を備えるものであってもよい。上記保護層としては、以下に限定されないが、例えば、クリヤーインキによるコーティング層、ドライラミネートまたは粘着剤により貼り合わせた透明樹脂層等が挙げられる。前記コーティング層または透明樹脂層の材質としては、以下に限定されないが、例えば、ポリオレフィン、ポリエステル、ポリウレタン、ポリ(メタ)アクリル酸及びそのエステル、ポリアミド等が挙げることができ、通気性の観点からポリオレフィンまたはポリウレタンが好ましい。前記保護層は通気性及び透明性を必ずしも備える必要はない。すなわち、後述する基材と保護層のうち、少なくともいずれかが通気性を有していればよく、同様に、少なくともいずれかが透明性を有していればよい。
本実施形態では、酸素検知剤組成物を用いて脱酸素剤用包装材料とすることができる。その際、上述した酸素検知剤シートや後述する酸素検知剤成形体を用いることができる。すなわち、本実施形態の脱酸素剤用包装材料は、本実施形態の成形体又はシートを含むものである。
本実施形態の酸素検知剤組成物は、必要に応じて、上記した担体を配合する等して、粉体状の酸素検知剤組成物とすることもできる。酸素検知剤組成物の各成分を担体に担持させることで、その取扱性を一層向上させることができる。
本実施形態では、酸素検知剤組成物を成形して成形体(酸素検知剤成形体)とすることができる。すなわち、本実施形態の成形体は、本実施形態の酸素検知剤組成物を含むものである。成形体の形状は特に限定されないが、例えば、酸素検知剤組成物を圧縮成形した錠剤等が挙げられる。さらには、上記した粉体状の酸素検知剤組成物を圧縮成形することが好ましい。圧縮成形には、市販の打錠機等を用いることができる。成形性を一層向上させるために、必要に応じてセルロースパウダー、粉末ポリエチレン、デンプン等の結合剤を添加することができる。成形体の形状は、特に限定されず公知の形状を採用することもできるが、それらの中でも、成形体の割れ等を防止する観点から、丸型、オブロング型、キャプレット型等の錠剤型の形状であることが好ましい。酸素検知剤成形体の1個あたりの質量は特に限定されないが、0.05~5gであることが好ましく、0.1~0.5gであることがより好ましい。酸素検知剤成形体の質量を上記範囲内とする場合、取扱性及び色彩視認性が一層向上する傾向にある。
本実施形態の酸素検知剤組成物は、脱酸素剤にも適用できる。すなわち、本実施形態の脱酸素剤は、脱酸素剤組成物と、当該脱酸素剤組成物を包装する本実施形態の脱酸素剤用包装材料と、を含む。脱酸素剤組成物としては、従来公知のものを使用することができる。
粉末状の酸素検知剤組成物や、酸素検知剤成形体を、透明な樹脂フィルムよりなる小袋に充填することで、小袋型の酸素インジケーターを得ることができる。必要に応じて充填物が袋外へ漏れない程度に開孔処理を施したり、通気糸を通す等袋内外の通気制御を目的とした処理を施すこと等もできる。このような処理を施した場合であっても、色素の溶出を効果的に防止できる。さらには、優れた酸素検知性能を発揮することも十分に可能である。
本実施形態の酸素検知剤組成物は、食品等の被保存物や脱酸素剤等と共に包装容器に収納して密封した後に、例えば、80~100℃程度のボイル滅菌処理、100~135℃程度のレトルト滅菌処理(温度領域等に応じて、「セミレトルト滅菌処理」、「レトルト滅菌処理」、「ハイレトルト滅菌処理」等と使い分けられる場合もある。)の加熱滅菌処理を行うことができる。このような加熱滅菌処理を施したとしても、色素の溶出を抑制できる。さらには、優れた酸素検知性能を発揮することも十分に可能である。
本実施形態の酸素検知剤組成物は、前記滅菌処理を施した場合においても色彩の褐変が抑制される。褐変は検知剤の色彩視認性及び美観の観点から抑制されることが好ましい。褐変の程度は目視による評価の他、色彩分析計によってLab*値として数値化されたb*値の大小によっても評価することができる。
<酸素インジケーターインキの作製>
IPA4.5g及び酢酸エチル4.5gの混合溶媒を用意し、バインダーとしてセルロースアセテートプロピオネート(商品名「504-0.2」、EASTMAN CHEMICAL社製、以下「CAP」と表記する。)1.0gを溶解させた。この溶液に、酸化還元色素としてアンモニウム紺青(商品名「ミロリブルーFX9050」、大日精化工業株式会社製、20℃での水への溶解度:0.002mg/100g-H2O未満)0.16g、着色剤としてフロキシンB(食用赤色104号、保土谷化学株式会社製)0.011g、保水剤としてエチレングリコールを3.6g、還元剤としてラクトース一水和物2.1gを加えて分散させることによりインキAを得た。
100mm×150mmに切り取った合成紙(ポリプロピレン系シート、商品名「FPD-80」、株式会社ユポ・コーポレーション製)の表面に、以下の手順により、酸素インジケーターインキを塗布した。酸素インジケーターインキの塗布はバーコーター(テスター産業株式会社製)を用いて行った。まず、保護層として、メジウム(商品名「CLIOSメジウム(A)」、DICグラフィックス株式会社製)を塗布し、60℃の温風を10秒間当てて乾燥させた。次いで、酸素インジケーターインキを、保護層の上に塗布して、60℃の温風を10秒間当てて乾燥させて、酸素検知層を形成させた。最後に、もう一度メジウム(商品名「CLIOSメジウム(A)」)を酸素検知層の表面上に塗布し、60℃の温風を10秒間当てて乾燥させることにより、酸素検知剤シート(ポリプロピレン系シート/保護層1/酸素検知層/保護層2)を得た。
二軸延伸ポリプロピレン(厚さ20μm)と無延伸ポリプロピレン(厚さ30μm)の積層フィルムを用意した。この積層フィルムを用いて、無延伸ポリプロピレンを内側にして縦25mm×横25mmの三方シール袋を作製した。
また、得られた酸素検知剤シートを、縦5mm×横15mmの大きさに切り出して、酸素検知剤シート片とした。酸素検知剤シート片の保護層2が、三方シール袋の内側の表面(無延伸ポリプロピレン側)に接するように、酸素検知剤シート片を三方シール袋の中に入れて、熱シールして、評価試料とした。
酸素バリア性の袋の中に、評価試料(三方シール袋)と、脱酸素剤(商品名「エージレスSA-500」、三菱瓦斯化学株式会社製、脱酸素剤組成物10g)と、空気500mLを封入し、密封して、密封体を得た。この密封体を用いて、加熱滅菌処理耐性評価、酸素検知性能評価及び褐変耐性評価を行った。
得られた密封体に121℃、30分間のレトルト処理を施し、その直後の汚染の有無を確認することで、加熱滅菌処理への耐性を評価した。なお、レトルト処理を施した直後の密封体の酸素濃度が0.1容量%未満であったことを、ガスクロマトグラフィー(株式会社島津製作所製、「GC-14A」)を用いて確認した。レトルト処理を施した直後の密封体の汚染の有無は、以下の基準に基づき評価した。
「○」:色素による青色の着色が無く、評価試料(三方シール袋)が無色を維持していた。
「×」:色素による青色に着色したことで、評価試料(三方シール袋)が青色に変色した(加熱滅菌処理耐性不十分)。
得られた密封体に121℃、30分間のレトルト処理を施した後に、酸素バリア袋を開封して酸素検知シートを取り出した。この酸素検知シートを、25℃の空気雰囲気下にて静置し、24時間経過後の色彩の変化を目視で確認することで、酸素検知性能を評価した。結果を表1に示す。なお、酸素検知性能は、以下の基準に基づき評価した。
「○」:静置時間24時間の時点で酸素検知シートの色彩が青色に変化した(酸素検知性能十分)。
「×」:静置時間24時間の時点で酸素検知シートの色彩が青色に変化しなかった(酸素検知性能不十分)。
酸素バリア性の袋の中に、評価試料(酸素検知シート)と、脱酸素剤(商品名「エージレスSA-500」、三菱瓦斯化学株式会社製、脱酸素剤組成物10g)と、空気500mLを封入し、密封して、密封体を得た。この密封体を用いて、褐変耐性評価を行った。
「○」:還元剤の褐変が抑制され、酸素検知シートが鮮やかなピンク色を示していた
「×」:還元剤の褐変が発生し、酸素検知シートが鮮やかなピンク色を示さなかった(褐変耐性不十分)。
水酸化マグネシウムに換えて、炭酸マグネシウムを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして実験を行った。結果を表1に示す。
ラクトース一水和物に換えて、表1に記載の還元剤を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして実験を行った。その結果を表1に示す。
<錠剤型の酸素検知剤の作製>
炭酸マグネシウム100g、セルロース粉末2.0g、アンモニウム紺青0.50g、フロキシンB(食用赤色104号、保土谷化学株式会社製)0.05g、ラクトース一水和物5.0g、硫酸マグネシウム5.0g、クエン酸三ナトリウム0.5g、及び水5.0gを、自動乳鉢で混合して、粉末状の酸素検知剤組成物を得た。加圧成形機(小型打錠機「VELA 5」、株式会社菊水製作所製)を用いて、この粉末状の酸素検知剤組成物に10kNの圧力を5秒間加えて、厚さ3.2mm、直径7mmφの錠剤型の酸素検知剤を得た。
酸素バリア性の袋の中に、評価試料(三方シール袋)と、脱酸素剤(商品名「エージレスSA-500」、三菱瓦斯化学株式会社製、脱酸素剤組成物10g)と空気200mLを封入し、密封して、密封体を得た。得られた密封体に対して、実施例1と同様にして、121℃、30分間のレトルト処理を施し、加熱滅菌処理耐性評価、酸素検知性能評価及び褐変耐性評価をそれぞれ行った。その結果を表2に示す。また、酸素検知性能評価後、色彩分析計(X-RITE SP64、XRITE.INC社製)により測定された実施例3の試料のb*値は-3.81であった。
炭酸マグネシウムに換えて、水酸化マグネシウムを用いたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして実験を行った。その結果を表2に示す。
ラクトース一水和物に換えて、表2に示した還元剤を用いたこと以外は実施例3と同様にして実験を行った。その結果を表2に示す。また、色彩分析計(X-RITE SP64, XRITE. INC社製)により測定された比較例5の試料のb*値は+17.09であった。
Claims (7)
- 酸化還元色素と、還元剤と、塩基性物質と、を含有し、
前記酸化還元色素が紺青であり、かつ、前記還元剤がラクトースである、酸素検知剤組成物。 - ナトリウム塩及び/又はナトリウムイオンをさらに含有する、請求項1に記載の酸素検知剤組成物。
- 担体をさらに含有する、請求項1又は2に記載の酸素検知剤組成物。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の酸素検知剤組成物を含む、成形体。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の酸素検知剤組成物を含む、シート。
- 請求項4に記載の成形体、又は請求項5に記載のシートを含む、脱酸素剤用包装材料。
- 脱酸素剤組成物と、
前記脱酸素剤組成物を包装する請求項6に記載の脱酸素剤用包装材料と、
を含む、脱酸素剤。
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| PL16768110T PL3276344T3 (pl) | 2015-03-24 | 2016-01-15 | Kompozycja środka do wykrywania tlenu, i wykorzystujące ją formowany wyrób, arkusz, materiał opakowaniowy dla zmiatacza tlenu i zmiatacz tlenu |
| EP16768110.5A EP3276344B1 (en) | 2015-03-24 | 2016-01-15 | Oxygen detecting agent composition, and molded article, sheet, packaging material for oxygen scavenger, and oxygen scavenger using the same |
| ES16768110T ES2798286T3 (es) | 2015-03-24 | 2016-01-15 | Composición de agente de detección de oxígeno, y artículo moldeado, hoja, material de envasado para captador de oxígeno, y captador de oxígeno que usa la misma |
| US15/560,330 US10989666B2 (en) | 2015-03-24 | 2016-01-15 | Oxygen detecting agent composition, and molded article, sheet, packaging material for oxygen scavenger, and oxygen scavenger using the same |
| JP2017507531A JP6638889B2 (ja) | 2015-03-24 | 2016-01-15 | 酸素検知剤組成物、それを用いた成形体、シート、脱酸素剤用包装材料、脱酸素剤 |
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| US (1) | US10989666B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP3276344B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6638889B2 (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES2798286T3 (ja) |
| PL (1) | PL3276344T3 (ja) |
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| JP2018128391A (ja) * | 2017-02-09 | 2018-08-16 | パウダーテック株式会社 | 酸素検知剤及び酸素検知剤の製造方法 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20180067055A1 (en) | 2018-03-08 |
| EP3276344A4 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
| US10989666B2 (en) | 2021-04-27 |
| TW201638576A (zh) | 2016-11-01 |
| PL3276344T3 (pl) | 2020-11-02 |
| EP3276344B1 (en) | 2020-05-20 |
| TWI683996B (zh) | 2020-02-01 |
| JPWO2016152207A1 (ja) | 2018-01-25 |
| EP3276344A1 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
| JP6638889B2 (ja) | 2020-01-29 |
| ES2798286T3 (es) | 2020-12-10 |
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