WO2016039061A1 - 加水分解性樹脂粒子からなる粉体 - Google Patents
加水分解性樹脂粒子からなる粉体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016039061A1 WO2016039061A1 PCT/JP2015/072727 JP2015072727W WO2016039061A1 WO 2016039061 A1 WO2016039061 A1 WO 2016039061A1 JP 2015072727 W JP2015072727 W JP 2015072727W WO 2016039061 A1 WO2016039061 A1 WO 2016039061A1
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/11—Esters; Ether-esters of acyclic polycarboxylic acids
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08L101/16—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds the macromolecular compounds being biodegradable
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/03—Specific additives for general use in well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/035—Organic additives
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/50—Compositions for plastering borehole walls, i.e. compositions for temporary consolidation of borehole walls
- C09K8/504—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/506—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
- C09K8/508—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/50—Compositions for plastering borehole walls, i.e. compositions for temporary consolidation of borehole walls
- C09K8/516—Compositions for plastering borehole walls, i.e. compositions for temporary consolidation of borehole walls characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/66—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/68—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/70—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. foams
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/84—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/86—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
- C09K8/88—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
- C09K8/885—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/92—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2300/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
- C08J2300/20—Polymers characterized by their physical structure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2367/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2401/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2401/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08J2401/10—Esters of organic acids
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a powder composed of hydrolyzable resin particles.
- Hydrolyzable resins represented by polylactic acid are also excellent in biodegradability. From the viewpoint of environmental improvement, etc., they are currently being investigated as substitutes for various plastics in various applications, and some have been put to practical use. Has been. Recently, use as an additive to be added to the drilling fluid used when collecting underground resources has also been proposed (see Patent Document 1).
- a well drilling method called a hydraulic fracturing method is currently widely used for collecting underground resources.
- Such a drilling method pressurizes the drilling fluid filling the well at high pressure, thereby generating a crack (fracture) in the vicinity of the well, improving the permeability (ease of fluid flow) in the vicinity of the well, It expands the effective cross section of resources such as oil and gas into the well, and increases the productivity of the well.
- Such drilling fluids are also called fracturing fluids.
- viscous fluids such as gel-like gasoline were used, but recently, shale gas produced from a shale layer that exists in a relatively shallow place.
- aqueous dispersions in which polymer particles are dissolved or dispersed in water have been used.
- a hydrolyzable resin such as polylactic acid has been proposed.
- polylactic acid is a substance exhibiting hydrolyzability and biodegradability, and even if it remains in the ground, it does not adversely affect the environment because it is degraded by moisture and enzymes in the ground.
- water used as a dispersion medium has little influence on the environment as compared with gasoline.
- the resin particles penetrate into the vicinity of the well, and the particles are already It serves as a seal (sealing material) for cracks (fractures) that are made, and effectively blocks the flow path of resources such as gas and oil temporarily.
- hydrolyzable resins such as polylactic acid
- Patent Document 2 discloses a biodegradable resin composition (polylactic acid composition) containing polylactic acid having a D-form content of 2% by mass or less and layered silicic acid.
- the object is to improve heat resistance and mechanical properties, and the particle shape has not been studied at all.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a powder made of polylactic acid having a crystallinity of 30% or more. This polylactic acid powder is excellent in mechanical pulverization and has the property of being able to be atomized. However, Patent Document 3 does not discuss the particle shape at all.
- the present inventors previously used a low-crystalline or non-crystalline polylactic acid having a crystallinity of 40% or less as a matrix, and an organically modified polysaccharide or a swollen or expanded layered silica in the matrix.
- a polylactic acid composition having a dispersion structure in which an acid salt is dispersed as a grinding accelerator has been proposed (Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-47835).
- This polylactic acid composition is excellent in mechanical grindability, and has an advantage that it can be easily granulated at low cost and used as an additive for drilling fluid.
- the additive added to a large amount of liquid such as drilling fluid is naturally used in a considerably large amount, and therefore, it is a fine particle shape that can be easily poured into a liquid such as water and handled at the time of charging.
- the ability to make adjustments at a low cost brings significant benefits in terms of cost.
- the inventors of the present invention while further promoting the mechanical grindability of the hydrolyzable resin particles used as the drilling fluid additive described above, the shape of the resin particles obtained, It has been found that it has a great influence on the sealability of cracks (fractures) extending from the well.
- the object of the present invention is made of hydrolyzable resin particles, which improves the mobility of hydrolysable particles in the drilling fluid within the well and at the same time improves the ability to crack cracks extending from the well. It is to provide an additive for drilling fluid to be obtained.
- a powder composed of hydrolyzable resin particles which contains particles that do not pass when passed through a sieve having an opening of 500 ⁇ m in an amount of 50% by mass or more, and has an angle of repose of 51 ° or more.
- the powder characterized by having is provided.
- the hydrolyzable resin particles have a particle size of 16 mesh pass, (2) having a bulk density of 0.30 to 0.54 g / ml, (3)
- the hydrolyzable resin is polylactic acid, (4) to be used as an additive for drilling fluid; Is preferred.
- the powder of the present invention is composed of hydrolyzable resin particles, and the drilling fluid to which the powder is added is characterized by being a powder having a large angle of repose even if it has a predetermined particle size.
- Particularly important features are as follows: particles that do not pass when passed through a sieve having an opening of 500 ⁇ m, 50 mass% or more, an angle of repose of 51 degrees or more, and usually a bulk density of 0.30 to 0.54 g / It is in a point that is in a very small range of ml. That is, the angle of repose is a parameter indicating resistance to interparticle friction and particle motion.
- a large angle of repose means that the interparticle friction is large and the particle mobility is low, and the bulk density is high.
- the powder particles of the present invention have a very low mobility, and therefore exhibit the property of being difficult to remove from the cracks. In other words, it tends to stay in the crack as it is, and exhibits the property of effectively maintaining the seal of the crack.
- the powder of the present invention it is possible to effectively perform the generation of cracks and maintenance of the sealing by adding the drilling fluid to the well, and as an additive for drilling fluid, It is possible to effectively collect resources such as shale gas through a crack.
- the above-mentioned drilling additive has hydrolyzability as well as conventionally known ones, and after the collection of resources, it hydrolyzes quickly, so there is no environmental pollution caused by this. .
- the above-mentioned excavating additive has the advantage that it is difficult to scatter due to its low mobility, it is easy to handle, and operations such as transportation and injection into liquid can be easily performed.
- grains. 4 is an SEM photograph (magnification 20 times) showing the particle shape of the powder of the present invention prepared in Example 1.
- FIG. The SEM photograph (47 times magnification) which shows the particle
- FIG. The SEM photograph (47-times multiplication factor) which shows the particle
- the powder of the present invention is composed of particles having a predetermined particle size or more and has an angle of repose within a predetermined range. Such particle size and angle of repose are extremely unique particle shapes. It is derived from. For example, as can be understood from the SEM photograph of FIG. 2 showing the morphology of the particles of the powder prepared in Example 1 described later, the particles of the powder are mixed with particles having a rough surface and a small aspect ratio. There are bearded particles as shown in FIG. By mixing the particles having rough surfaces and the bearded particles, the powder of the present invention exhibits a predetermined particle diameter and a repose angle within a predetermined range.
- grains of powder may consist of several particles with respect to one beard, several particles with respect to one particle, or several particles with respect to several beards. This is because the entanglement of the powder particles simultaneously becomes stronger. Note that the powder particles shown in FIG. 3 are attached to both ends of one beard.
- the particle structure as described above is reflected in the angle of repose and bulk density, and the powder of the present invention has 50% by mass or more of particles that do not pass when passed through a sieve having an opening of 500 ⁇ m, and the angle of repose is 51
- the bulk density is in the small range of 0.30 to 0.54 g / ml.
- the angle of repose described above is a large excess amount of powder (granular material) from a hopper 3 arranged at a certain height with respect to a disc 1 having a predetermined size. When dropped, the angle corresponds to the side surface angle ⁇ of the conical deposit 5 formed on the disc 1. The larger the angle ⁇ (the angle of repose), the greater the interparticle friction and the particle mobility.
- the bulk density is 0.55 g / ml, which is a considerably large value compared to the present invention. This is because the movement of the particles is not hindered, so that the particles tend to gather densely.
- the powder of the present invention since the powder of the present invention has the particle shape as described above, the particle mobility is low. Such mobility of particles appears in the behavior of the particles in water. That is, as can be understood from FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 showing the results of the movement behavior test of the particles in water performed in the examples and comparative examples described later, the powders of the examples having the above particle morphology. In the body, the particles move together in the water, but in the powder of the comparative example not having the particle shape as described above, the particles are scattered and move in the water.
- a 16 mesh pass is preferably used in order to fully exhibit the function due to the low mobility of the powder.
- a 16 mesh pass is preferably used in order to fully exhibit the function due to the low mobility of the powder.
- the powder of the present invention is composed of hydrolyzable resin particles having the particle shape as described above. That is, since a hydrolyzable resin is used, after mining, the additive for drilling fluid is hydrolyzed and loses the form of particles, so that the influence on the environment can be effectively avoided. In addition, in a shallow part where the enzyme functions, it is also decomposed by the enzyme, so that the influence on the environment can be more effectively avoided.
- a water-insoluble resin is used as such a hydrolyzable resin.
- the water-soluble hydrolyzable resin not only can not exhibit the function due to the particle form described above, but also has a too high permeability to the ground and has a large impact on the environment, making it suitable as an additive for drilling fluids. Absent.
- a water-insoluble hydrolyzable resin those showing moderate hydrolyzability in a temperature range of about 40 ° C. to 200 ° C. are preferable.
- These may be copolymers, used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a polymer obtained by polymerizing oxalic acid as at least one monomer in a homopolymer, copolymer, or blend is referred to as polyoxalate.
- the component forming the copolymer examples include polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, hexanediol, octanediol, dodecanediol, neopentyl glycol, glycerin, pentaerythritol, sorbitan, bisphenol A, and polyethylene glycol; Dicarboxylic acids and diesters such as acids, succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, glutaric acid, decanedicarboxylic acid, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, anthracene dicarboxylic acid; glycolic acid, L-lactic acid, D-lactic acid , Hydroxycarboxylic acids such as hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxybutyric acid, hydroxyvaleric acid, hydroxycaproic acid, mandelic acid, hydroxybenzoic
- polylactic acid, polyoxalate, polyglycolic acid, and blends thereof are particularly preferable from the viewpoint that moderate stability is exhibited particularly at 180 ° C. or lower, and that the particle form is stably maintained at least during excavation work.
- Polylactic acid is optimal in that it is suitable, inexpensive, and easily obtains particles having the above-described form by mechanical pulverization.
- the polylactic acid may be either 100% poly-L-lactic acid or 100% poly-D-lactic acid, or may be a melt blend of poly-L-lactic acid and poly-D-lactic acid. It may be a random copolymer or block copolymer of lactic acid and D-lactic acid.
- the polylactic acid described above is preferably low in crystallinity in that the particles having the above-described form can be easily obtained by mechanical pulverization.
- a material having high crystallinity has a shape close to an angular shape when mechanically pulverized, and it may be difficult to produce the above-mentioned particles with a beard.
- Such crystallinity is calculated from the following formula based on the melting enthalpy ⁇ Hm and crystallization enthalpy ⁇ Hc of polylactic acid determined by DSC measurement, and the heat of crystal melting 93.6 (J / g) when polylactic acid is crystallized 100%.
- Such low crystalline polylactic acid is usually a melt blend of poly-L-lactic acid and poly-D-lactic acid, or a random copolymer or block copolymer of L-lactic acid and D-lactic acid.
- the ratio of L-lactic acid to D-lactic acid is in the range of 2:98 to 98: 2.
- the hydrolyzable resin described above should have an appropriate molecular weight in terms of function as a sealing material when used as a fracturing fluid and penetrability into the ground, and in general, a weight average molecular weight. Is in the range of 5,000 to 1,000,000, in particular 10,000 to 500,000.
- the hydrolyzable resin is mixed with an appropriate compounding agent as necessary.
- a plasticizer or a phase is used. It is desirable that a material to be solubilized is blended.
- a plasticizer known ones can be used.
- ester plastics such as dioctyl phthalate and benzyl-2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl adipate are not limited thereto.
- the material and the compatibilizing material include cellulose materials such as cellulose propionate.
- plasticizers and compatible materials are generally in the range of 1 to 20 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the hydrolyzable resin. If the amount of plasticizer is too large, granulation by mechanical grinding becomes difficult, and if the amount of plasticizer is too small or no plasticizer is used, mechanical grinding Even if it can be granulated, it will be difficult to produce bearded particles.
- compounding agents may be added to the hydrolyzable resin particles used in the present invention, but should be used within a range that does not impair granulation accompanied by the generation of particles with mustache by mechanical grinding.
- additives such as pigments, fillers, or nucleating materials should be avoided because they impair the granulation.
- the powder of the present invention comprising the above-mentioned water-insoluble hydrolyzable resin particles is obtained by melt-kneading the above-mentioned hydrolyzable resin and a compounding agent appropriately blended in an extruder and pelletizing the extruded melt. It is manufactured by preparing pellets having a size of about 3 mm and granulating the pellets by mechanical pulverization.
- the mechanical pulverization is performed by a dry method. That is, the mechanical pulverization using the liquid medium makes it difficult to produce the bearded particles.
- the load applied to each pellet becomes uniform, and as a result, it becomes difficult to produce bearded particles. That is, in dry pulverization, the load and heat generated on the pellet are likely to be localized, and it is believed that this results in the production of beard.
- the mechanical pulverization described above is preferably performed by holding the pellets to be pulverized at a temperature around 20 to 100 ° C. near room temperature. For example, when performed under heating, granulation by mechanical pulverization may be difficult. In addition, when the mechanical pulverization is performed while holding the pellet in a frozen state like freeze pulverization, the mechanical pulverization property is increased more than necessary, and even if granulation is possible, Generation of bearded particles becomes difficult. In addition, the pulverization time, the pulverization pressure, and the like are set in such a condition that a preliminary test is performed in advance and bearded particles are generated according to the specifications of the pulverizer used.
- the powder obtained by the mechanical pulverization as described above is sieved and classified into the above-mentioned moderately sized particles.
- the powder is poured into a drilling fluid typified by water and used for collecting underground resources.
- the input amount is 0.01 to 20% by weight, particularly 0.01 to 10% by weight per liquid medium (for example, water), so that well drilling and hydraulic fracturing using such drilling fluid can be performed smoothly. It is suitable for implementation.
- the powder of the present invention is used as an additive for drilling fluid, the mobility of the particles is low, it does not disperse, and moves in a liquid state in a clustered state.
- resources can be collected effectively.
- Polylactic acid (PLA); Polylactic acid revode101 manufactured by Zhejiang Kaisei Biomaterials Co., Ltd. D-form content: 4% Melting point: 155 ° C Weight average molecular weight (Mw): 200,000 Plasticizers; Daifatty-101 manufactured by Daihachi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Benzyl-2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl adipate compatible material; Aldrich cellulose propionate and others; S-Even E (grinding accelerator) manufactured by Hojun Co., Ltd. Organic processing bentonite
- ⁇ Movement behavior of particles in water Distilled water was filled in a 500 ml Duran bottle, and 1 g of sample particles were added and allowed to settle. The Duran bottle was tilted at an angle of 135 ° C., and the movement behavior of the particles was observed. The particles that were visually recognized as moving together with 50% by weight or more of the charged particles were evaluated as “good”, and the particles that were visually recognized as moving apart were determined as “poor”.
- Example 1 15 parts by mass of plasticizer (Daifatty-101) is blended with 100 parts by mass of PLA, melt mixed at 200 ° C. using a twin screw extruder (ULT Nano05-20AG manufactured by Technobel), and the molten extrudate is pelletized and mastered. A pellet was prepared.
- the master pellet produced as described above was pulverized under the following conditions using a mechanical pulverizer (spiral mill manufactured by Seishin Enterprise Co., Ltd.). Clearance between fixed blade and rotary blade: 3mm Number of passes: 1 pass The obtained granular material was classified between 20 mesh (aperture 850 ⁇ m) and 42 mesh (aperture 355 ⁇ m) to obtain a powder.
- the resulting powder was measured for bulk density, angle of repose and mobility in water, and the results are shown in Table 1. Further, an SEM photograph of this powder at 20 times is shown in FIG. 2, and further, an SEM photograph (47 times magnification) of the bearded particles observed in this powder is shown in FIG. Furthermore, the photograph which shows the mobility in water is shown in FIG.
- Example 2 A powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 3 parts by mass of cellulose propionate (compatible material) was blended with 100 parts by mass of PLA. The resulting powder was measured for bulk density, angle of repose and mobility in water, and the results are shown in Table 1. In the mobility test in water, although not as much as in Example 1, the particles showed a behavior of moving together. Moreover, the SEM photograph (47-times multiplication factor) of the bearded particle
- ⁇ Comparative example 2> A powder was obtained in exactly the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that 3 parts by mass of Esben E (grinding accelerator) was blended with 100 parts by mass of PLA. The crystallinity was 38%. The resulting powder was measured for bulk density, angle of repose and mobility in water, and the results are shown in Table 1. Further, an SEM photograph of this powder at 60 times is shown in FIG. 5, and a photograph showing mobility in water is shown in FIG.
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Abstract
Description
また、最近では、地下資源採取の際に使用される掘削液に加える添加剤としての使用も提案されている(特許文献1参照)。
また、このようなポリ乳酸等の加水分解性樹脂粒子を水に分散させた掘削液を坑井中に満たし、これを加圧したとき、この樹脂粒子が坑井近傍に浸透し、この粒子がすでにできている亀裂(フラクチャ)の目止材(シール材)となって、一時的にガスやオイルなどの資源の流路を効果的に遮断するわけである。また新たな亀裂をつくるため、フラクチャリング流体の流路を切り替えるダイバーティングエイジェントとしても使われる。さらに坑井内で加水分解されて消滅するため、後工程で加水分解性粒子を取り除く必要がなく、坑井の削井が効率良く進められる。
このポリ乳酸組成物は、機械的粉砕性に優れており、ローコストで容易に粒状化して掘削液用の添加剤として使用できるという利点がある。即ち、掘削液のように大量に使用される液体に添加される剤は、当然、その使用量も著しく多量であり、従って、水等の液体への投入や投入時の取り扱いが容易な微粒形状にローコストで調整できることは、コストの面で多大な利益をもたらす。
(1)前記加水分解性樹脂粒子が16メッシュパスの粒径を有していること、
(2)0.30~0.54g/mlの嵩密度を有していること、
(3)前記加水分解性樹脂がポリ乳酸であること、
(4)掘削液用添加剤として使用されること、
が好適である。
即ち、安息角は、粒子間摩擦や粒子の運動に対する抵抗性を示すパラメータであり、安息角が大きいことは、粒子間摩擦が大きく、粒子の運動性が低いことを意味し、しかも、嵩密度が上記のように小さい範囲にあることは、粒子が密に充填し難く、この粒子の集合体が圧縮し難く、流動し難い形状を有していることを意味している。
従って、本発明の粉体が水等の流体に投入された掘削液では、この粉体粒子(加水分解性樹脂粒子)は、ばらばらになり難く、まとまって挙動する。この粒子の挙動状態は、図6の写真に示されている。この結果、坑井中に充填された掘削液では、この粉体の粒子は、坑井の一部にまとまって存在し、この掘削液を加圧すると、まとまって移動し、この粉体が目止材として機能し、亀裂(フラクチュア)を一時的にシールし、ガスやオイルなどの資源の流路、フラクチャリング流体の流路を一時的に遮断する。つまり、このような目止め材を使うことで、効率的に坑井を削井できることとなる。
しかも、上記のようにして亀裂が発生したとき、上記の粉体粒子(加水分解性粒子)の一部は、亀裂中に押し込まれていくが、従来公知のポリ乳酸等の粒子では、流動性が高いため、亀裂から坑井中に流れ込む資源ガスの圧力によって、亀裂内から取り除かれてしまう。この結果、このような亀裂は、地中での圧力によって容易に取り除かれてしまう。しかるに、本発明の粉体粒子は、運動性が極めて低く、このため、亀裂中から除去されにくいという性質を示す。換言すると、亀裂内にそのまま留まり易く、亀裂の目止めを効果的に維持するという性質を示すこととなる。
本発明の粉体は、所定の粒径以上の大きさの粒子からなり、且つ、所定範囲の安息角を有するものであるが、このような粒径と安息角とは、極めて特異な粒子形状に由来するものである。
例えば、後述する実施例1で調製された粉体の粒子の形態を示す図2のSEM写真から理解されるように、この粉体の粒子は、表面が粗いアスペクト比の小さな粒子に交じって、図3に示すようなヒゲ付粒子が存在している。この表面が粗い粒子とヒゲ付粒子が混ざっていることにより、本発明の粉体は、所定の粒径及び所定範囲の安息角を示すこととなる。なお、粉体の粒子は、ヒゲ1本に対して複数の粒子、粒子1つに対して複数ヒゲ、或いは、複数ヒゲに対して複数粒子からなっていてもよい。これは、粉末の粒子同時の絡み合いがより強くなるからである。なお、図3に示す粉体の粒子は、1本のヒゲの両端に粒子が付いている。
上記の安息角は、図1に示されているように、所定の大きさの円板1に対して、一定の高さに配置されたホッパー3から粉体(粒状物)の大過剰量を落下させたとき、円板1に形成される円錐形状の堆積物5の側面角θに相当する角度であり、この角度θ(安息角)が大きいほど、粒子間摩擦が大きく、粒子の運動性が低い。ヒゲ付粒子の存在が他の粒子の運動を拘束するからである。
例えば粒子の表面が粗い粗面となっていたとしても、上記のようなヒゲ付の粒子が存在していない場合には、その安息角は、本発明に比して低く、その運動性は高い(後述する比較例2及び図7参照)。
さらに、嵩密度に関して言えば、やはりヒゲ付粒子の存在が、他の粒子の運動を阻害するため、上記のように小さな範囲の値となる。粒子同士が密に集合し難くなっているためである。ヒゲ付粒子が多く生成するほど、嵩密度の値は小さくなる。例えば、ヒゲ付粒子が存在していない比較例2の粉体(図5)参照では、嵩密度は0.55g/mlとなっており、本発明に比してかなり大きな値となっている。粒子の運動が阻害なれないため、粒子同士が密に集合し易いからである。
本発明の粉体は、上記のような粒子形態を有する加水分解性樹脂粒子からなる。即ち、加水分解性樹脂を用いるため、採掘後は、この掘削液用添加剤は加水分解し、粒子の形態を失うため、環境に与える影響を有効に回避することができる。また、酵素が機能するような浅い部分では、酵素によっても分解するため、環境に与える影響を一層効果的に回避することができる。
なお、本明細書では、ホモポリマー、共重合体、ブレンド体において、少なくとも一つのモノマーとしてシュウ酸を重合したポリマーをポリオキサレートとする。
結晶化度(%)=(ΔHm―ΔHc)×100/93.6
で求められる。
さらに、このような低結晶性のポリ乳酸は、通常、ポリ-L-乳酸とポリ-D-乳酸の溶融ブレンド物、或いはL-乳酸とD-乳酸とのランダム共重合体やブロック共重合体であり、通常、L-乳酸とD-乳酸との比(L:D)が2:98~98:2の範囲にある。
このような可塑剤としては、公知のものを使用することができ、例えば、これに限定されるものではないが、フタル酸ジオクチル、ベンジル-2-(2-メトキシエトキシ)エチルアジペートなどのエステル系のもの、相溶化する材料としてはセルロースプロピオネート等のセルロース系のものなどを挙げることができる。
上述した非水溶性の加水分解性樹脂粒子からなる本発明の粉末は、上述した加水分解性樹脂と適宜配合される配合剤とを押出機中で溶融混練し、押し出された溶融物をペレタイズして3mm程度の大きさのペレットを作製し、このペレットを機械的粉砕により粒状化することにより製造される。
また、粉砕時間や粉砕圧力等は、予め予備試験を行い、用いる粉砕装置の仕様に応じて、ヒゲ付粒子が生成するような条件に設定される。
特に本発明の粉末を掘削液用添加剤として用いた場合は、粒子の運動性が低く、ばらばらとならず、まとまった状態で液体媒体中を移動するため、水圧破砕に際しての目止材として非常に有効であり、さらに、水圧破砕によって生成する亀裂を有効に保持する機能も有しているため、資源の採取を有効に行うことができる。
なお、以下の実験で用いたポリ乳酸(PLA)、各種配合剤の種類並びに各種特性の評価は以下のとおりである。
浙江海正生物材料社製ポリ乳酸revode101
D体含有量:4%
融点:155℃
重量平均分子量(Mw):20万
可塑剤;
大八化学工業社製Daifatty-101
(ベンジル-2-(2-メトキシエトキシ)エチルアジペート
相溶化する材料;
アルドリッチ社製セルロースプロピオネート
その他;
株式会社ホージュン社製エスベンE(粉砕促進剤)
有機処理ベントナイト
100mlのステンレス製容器に粒子を滴下し、重量を測定し、この重量から嵩密度(g/ml)を算出した。
ホソカワミクロン社製のパウダーテスターを用いて測定した。
測定条件;
円板径:80mm
ホッパー高さ(ホッパーと円板との間隔):20cm
500mlのデュラン瓶に蒸留水を満中にし、試料粒子1gを加え沈降させた。
デュラン瓶を斜め135℃傾け、粒子の移動挙動を観測した。投入した粒子に対して、50重量%以上の粒子がまとまって移動したものと視認されるものを○、そうでなく、ばらばらに移動すると視認されるものを×と判定した。
<粒子の大きさ>
目開き500μmの篩いを通し、上に残った粒子の割合を算出した。
(500μm篩上の粒子質量/全粒子質量)×100
PLA100質量部に、15質量部の可塑剤(Daifatty-101)を配合し、二軸押出機(テクノベル社製ULT Nano05-20AG)を用いて200℃で溶融混合し溶融押出物をペレタイズしてマスターペレットを作製した。
上記で作製されたマスターペレットを、機械的粉砕装置(セイシン企業社製スパイラルミル)を用いて下記条件で粉砕した。
固定刃と回転刃のクリアランス:3mm
パス数:1パス
得られた粒状物を20メッシュ(目開き850μm)と42メッシュ(目開き355μm)の間で分級し、粉体とした。
得られた粉体について、嵩密度、安息角及び水中での移動性を測定し、その結果を表1に示した。
また、この粉体の20倍でのSEM写真を図2に示し、さらに、この粉体中に観察されたヒゲ付粒子のSEM写真(倍率47倍)を図3に示した。
さらに、水中での移動性を示す写真を図6に示した。
100質量部のPLAに3質量部のセルロースプロピオネート(相溶化する材料)を配合した以外は実施例1と同様にして粉体を得た。
得られた粉体について、嵩密度、安息角及び水中での移動性を測定し、その結果を表1に示した。尚、水中での移動性試験では、実施例1ほどではないが、この粒子はまとまって移動する挙動を示した。
また、この粉体中に観察されたヒゲ付粒子のSEM写真(倍率47倍)を図4に示した。
PLA単独でのマスターペレットを、液体窒素に浸漬して凍結し、この凍結物を実施例1と同様の機械的粉砕装置を用いて機械的粉砕し、実施例と同様に分級して粉体を得た。結晶化度34%であった。
得られた粉体について、嵩密度、安息角及び水中での移動性を測定し、その結果を表1に示した。
100質量部のPLAに3質量部のエスベンE(粉砕促進剤)を配合した以外は、比較例1と全く同様にして粉体を得た。結晶化度は38%であった。
得られた粉体について、嵩密度、安息角及び水中での移動性を測定し、その結果を表1に示した。
また、この粉体の60倍でのSEM写真を図5に示し、さらに、水中での移動性を示す写真を図7に示した。
3:ホッパー
5:堆積物
Claims (6)
- 加水分解性樹脂粒子からなる粉体であって、目開き500μmの篩にかけた際にパスしない粒子を50質量%以上の量で含み、且つ、51度以上の安息角を有していることを特徴とする粉体。
- 前記樹脂粒子は、16メッシュパスの粒径を有している請求項1に記載の粉体。
- 0.30~0.54g/mlの嵩密度を有している請求項1に記載の粉体。
- 前記加水分解性樹脂がポリ乳酸である請求項1に記載の粉体。
- 前記ポリ乳酸は、30%以下の結晶化度を有している請求項4に記載の粉体。
- 掘削液用添加剤として使用される請求項1の粉体。
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| US11898096B2 (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2024-02-13 | Stepan Company | Polyester diverting agents for low-temperature oil wells |
| JP7528936B2 (ja) | 2019-07-03 | 2024-08-06 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | ダイバーティングエージェント及びこれを用いた坑井の亀裂の閉塞方法 |
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| WO2014112479A1 (ja) * | 2013-01-18 | 2014-07-24 | 株式会社クレハ | 坑井処理流体材料およびそれを含有する坑井処理流体 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2015313459C1 (en) | 2018-03-22 |
| US20170253703A1 (en) | 2017-09-07 |
| CA2960647C (en) | 2020-01-28 |
| EP3196230A1 (en) | 2017-07-26 |
| JP2016056272A (ja) | 2016-04-21 |
| CN106687509B (zh) | 2019-04-23 |
| CA2960647A1 (en) | 2016-03-17 |
| CN106687509A (zh) | 2017-05-17 |
| US10385171B2 (en) | 2019-08-20 |
| AU2015313459A1 (en) | 2017-03-16 |
| EP3196230A4 (en) | 2018-04-04 |
| AU2015313459B2 (en) | 2017-11-09 |
| JP6451160B2 (ja) | 2019-01-16 |
| RU2666871C1 (ru) | 2018-09-12 |
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